Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2369 1546149 1538546 2026-05-19T10:25:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mikoa */ 1546149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Italia |jina_asili = Repubblica Italiana ([[Kiitalia]]) |kauli_mbiu = |wimbo_wa_taifa = "Il Canto degli Italiani" ([[Kiitalia]]) </br> "Wimbo wa Waitalia"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:italian anthem.ogg]]</div> |bendera = Flag of Italy.svg |nembo = Italy-Emblem.svg |ramani = Italy (orthographic projection).svg |maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Italia katika bara la Ulaya</i></small> |ukubwawapicha= 400px |mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Roma]] |lugha_rasmi= [[Kiitalia]] |lugha2 = |kabila = {{plainlist| *91.0% Raia wa Italia *9.0% Wengine }} |dini = {{plainlist| *84% [[Ukristo]] *12% [[Wasio na dini]] *1% [[Uislamu]] *3% Nyinginezo }} |serikali = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Rais |utaifa = Mwitalia |kiongozi1 = Rais |cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Sergio Mattarella]] |cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] |kiongozi_jina2 = [[Giorgia Meloni]] |kiongozi3 = [[Rais]] wa [[Seneti]] |cheo_kiongozi3 = Ignazio La Russa |bunge = Bunge la Italia |muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' |tukio1 = Muungano |tukio1_tarehe = 17 Machi 1861 |tukio2 = Jamhuri |tukio2_tarehe = 12 Juni 1946 |tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa |tukio3_tarehe = 1 Januari 1948 |eneo_jumla = 301,340 |eneo_ardhi = |eneo_maji = <!--Dont use commas in value--> |asilimia_maji = 1.24 |idadi_ya_watu= {{decrease}} 58,915,561 |mwaka_watu= 2025 |cheo_idadi_ya_watu= 25 |msongamano = 195 |plt_ppp = {{increase}} $3.597 Trilioni <ref name='auto1'>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ITA|title=Italy GDP profile|accessdate=2025-01-30}}</ref> |mwaka_pato = 2024 |plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $60,992 <ref name='auto1'/> |plt = {{increase}} $2.376 Trilioni (ya 8)<ref name='auto1'/> |plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $40,286 <ref name='auto1'/> |hdi = 0.906 |orodha_hdi = 28 |mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 <ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/countries/italy|title= Italy Hdi|accessdate=2025-01-31}}</ref> |mwaka_gini = 2021 |gini = 34.8 |tovuti = |sarafu = [[Euro ]]€ '''EU''' |majira_saa = +1 (CET) |msimbo_simu = 39 |mtandao = .it |upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kulia |tanbihi= }} '''Italia''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Italia''') ni [[nchi]] iliyopo [[kusini]] mwa [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Ufaransa]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Uswisi]] na [[Austria]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], na [[Slovenia]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. Nchi hii ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban milioni 60 na ina eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 301,340. [[Roma]], [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi, pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. Italia imegawanywa katika [[Mikoa ya Italia|mikoa 20]] na inajulikana kwa [[alama]] zake za [[historia|kihistoria]], [[sanaa]], [[Chakula|vyakula]], na kama mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa [[Dola la Roma]] na [[Renaissance]]. Italia ina [[urithi]] tajiri wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]] unaoendelea kuathiri [[dunia]] hadi leo. Kuanzia [[usanifu majengo]] na [[uhandisi]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] hadi kazi bora za enzi ya ''Renaissance'' kutoka kwa wasanii kama [[Leonardo da Vinci]] na [[Michelangelo]], mchango wa Italia katika sanaa, [[fasihi]] na [[sayansi]] hauna kifani. [[Mji|Miji]] kama [[Firenze]], [[Venezia]] na [[Milano]] inajulikana kwa [[Jumba la Makumbusho|majumba]] ya kihistoria, [[Kanisa (jengo)|makanisa]], na maeneo ya kale yenye hazina ya sanaa, na huvutia [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Utalii|watalii]] kila mwaka. [[Uchumi]] wa Italia ni miongoni mwa mikubwa zaidi katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] na unajulikana kwa sekta mbalimbali kama vile [[mitindo]] ya [[mavazi]], [[magari]], [[kilimo]] na utalii. Italia ni makao ya chapa maarufu duniani kama [[Ferrari]], [[Gucci]] na Lavazza. Nchi hii pia ina nafasi muhimu katika [[siasa]] za kimataifa kama mwanachama [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], [[NATO]] na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Licha ya changamoto za kiuchumi, Italia bado ni nchi yenye [[uhai]] mkubwa, utambulisho imara wa kitaifa na ushawishi mpana wa kitamaduni [[Dunia|duniani]]. ==Jiografia== [[Umbo]] la jamhuri, kama lile la [[rasi]] yake, linafanana na [[mguu]] linalozungukwa na [[maji]] ya [[Mediteraneo]] pande [[tatu]]. [[Milima]] ya [[Appennini]] inaunda [[uti wa mgongo]] wake, wakati ile ya [[Alpi]], ambayo ni mirefu zaidi, inaunda kwa kiasi kikubwa mpaka kati ya Italia na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. Mlima mrefu zaidi, ukiwa na [[mita]] 4,810 juu ya [[usawa wa bahari]], unaitwa [[Mont Blanc|Monte Bianco]] (Mlima Mweupe) na uko mpakani kwa Ufaransa. [[Visiwa]] viwili vikubwa vya [[Sisilia]] na [[Sardinia]] ni sehemu za Italia pamoja na visiwa vingi vidogovidogo, vile vya [[Pelagie]] na [[Pantelleria]] vikiwa upande wa [[Afrika]]. Italia ina [[volkeno]] 14, ambazo 4 kati yake ziko hai: ile ndefu zaidi kuliko zote za Ulaya (mita 3,329) inaitwa [[Etna]] na iko [[mashariki]] mwa Sisilia. Italia inaongoza Ulaya kwa wingi wa [[matetemeko ya ardhi]]. [[Mto]] mrefu zaidi unaitwa [[Mto Po|Po]] na una [[urefu]] wa [[kilomita]] 652. Mito mingine mirefu ni [[mto Adige|Adige]], [[Tiber|Tevere]], [[mto Adda, Italia|Adda]], [[mto Oglio|Oglio]], [[mto Tanaro|Tanaro]], [[mto Ticino|Ticino]], [[Mto Arno|Arno]], [[mto Piave|Piave]], [[mto Reno, Italia|Reno]], [[mto Sarca-Mincio|Sarca-Mincio]] n.k. [[Ziwa|Maziwa]] makubwa zaidi ni: [[Ziwa la Garda|Garda]] (km² 367.94), [[Ziwa Maggiore]] (212.51, likiingia Uswisi), [[Ziwa la Como]] (145.9), [[Ziwa Trasimeno|Trasimeno]] (124.29) na [[Ziwa la Bolsena]] (113.55). Kutokana na [[urefu]] mkubwa wa Italia toka [[kaskazini]] hadi [[kusini]], [[hali ya hewa]] ni tofauti sana, kuanzia [[baridi]] kali sana hadi [[joto]] kali sana. == Mikoa == {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%" ! Bendera ! Jina ! Makao makuu ! Eneo (km²) ! data-sort-type="number" |Wakazi ! Msongamano wa watu/km² ! [[Wilaya za Italia|Wilaya]] ! Miji ! Miji mikubwa ! Hali ya utawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Abruzzo.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Abruzzo]] | align=center|[[L'Aquila]] | align=right|10,763 | align=right|1,307,919 | align=right|122 | align=center|4 | align=center|305 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Valle d'Aosta.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Bonde la Aosta]] | align=center|[[Aosta]] | align=right|3,263 | align=right|126,933 | align=right|39 | align=center|0 | align=center|74 | align=center|- | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Apulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Puglia]] | align=center|[[Bari]] | align=right|19,358 | align=right|4,045,949 | align=right|209 | align=center|6 | align=center|258 | align=center|[[Bari]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Basilicata.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Basilicata]] | align=center|[[Potenza]] | align=right|9,995 | align=right|575,902 | align=right|58 | align=center|2 | align=center|131 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Calabria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Calabria]] | align=center|[[Catanzaro]] | align=right|15,081 | align=right|1,954,403 | align=right|130 | align=center|5 | align=center|409 | align=center|[[Reggio Calabria]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Campania.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Campania]] | align=center|[[Napoli]] | align=right|13,590 | align=right|5,761,155 | align=right|424 | align=center|5 | align=center|551 | align=center|[[Napoli]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center| | align=center|[[Emilia-Romagna]] | align=center|[[Bologna]] | align=right|22,446 | align=right|4,354,450 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|348 | align=center|[[Bologna]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=right|7,858 | align=right|1,219,356 | align=right|155 | align=center|4 | align=center|218 | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Lazio Flag.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lazio]] | align=center|[[Roma]] | align=right|17,236 | align=right|5,550,459 | align=right|322 | align=center|5 | align=center|378 | align=center|[[Roma]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Liguria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Liguria]] | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=right|5,422 | align=right|1,565,349 | align=right|289 | align=center|4 | align=center|235 | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Lombardy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lombardia]] | align=center|[[Milano]] | align=right|23,861 | align=right|9,749,593 | align=right|409 | align=center|12 | align=center|1544 | align=center|[[Milano]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Marche.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Marche]] | align=center|[[Ancona]] | align=right|9,366 | align=right|1,541,692 | align=right|165 | align=center|5 | align=center|239 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Molise.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Molise]] | align=center|[[Campobasso]] | align=right|4,438 | align=right|312,394 | align=right|70 | align=center|2 | align=center|136 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Bandiera della regione Piemonte.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Piemonte]] | align=center|[[Torino]] | align=right|25,402 | align=right|4,366,251 | align=right|172 | align=center|8 | align=center|1206 | align=center|[[Torino]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sardinia, Italy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sardinia]] | align=center|[[Cagliari]] | align=right|24,090 | align=right|1,637,193 | align=right|68 | align=center|8 | align=center|377 | align=center|[[Cagliari]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sicily.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sisilia]] | align=center|[[Palermo]] | align=right|25,711 | align=right|4,994,817 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|390 | align=center|[[Catania]], [[Messina]], [[Palermo]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | align=center|[[Trento]] | align=right|13,607 | align=right|1,036,707 | align=right|76 | align=center|2 | align=center|333 | align=center|- | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Toscana]] | align=center|[[Firenze]] | align=right|22,994 | align=right|3,679,027 | align=right|160 | align=center|10 | align=center|287 | align=center|[[Firenze]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Umbria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Umbria]] | align=center|[[Perugia]] | align=right|8,456 | align=right|885,535 | align=right|105 | align=center|2 | align=center|92 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Veneto]] | align=center|[[Venezia]] | align=right|18,399 | align=right|4,865,380 | align=right|264 | align=center|7 | align=center|581 | align=center|[[Venezia]] | align=center|Kawaida |- |-class="sortbottom" |} ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Italia}} {{multiple image |align=right|direction=vertical|width=190 |image1=Canal Grande Chiesa della Salute e Dogana dal ponte dell Accademia.jpg|190 |caption1=Mji wa [[Venisi]], uliojengwa juu ya [[visiwa]] 117. |image2=Panoramic view of Piazza dei Miracoli (-Square of Miracles-). Pisa, Tuscany, Central Italy.jpg|190 |caption2=[[Mnara wa Pisa]], pamoja na [[kanisa kuu la Pisa]] na [[batizio]] yake. |image3= CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg |caption3= [[Ikulu ya Caserta]].|190 }} [[Akiolojia]] imethibitisha uwepo wa [[Homo|Homo erectus]] miaka 700,000 hivi iliyopita, [[Homo neanderthalensis]] miaka 200,000 hivi iliyopita. [[Homo sapiens|Homo sapiens sapiens]] alifika miaka 40,000 hivi iliyopita. Kufikia [[milenia ya 1 KK]] wakazi wengi walikuwa wa [[Wazungu|jamii ya Kizungu]] na kutumia [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]], ingawa walibaki pia wazao wa wakazi wa awali. [[Peninsula]] ya Italia iliunganishwa mara ya kwanza na [[Jamhuri ya Roma]] ([[509 KK|509]]-[[27 KK]]), lakini hiyo ilipoenea [[Ulaya kusini]] na [[Ulaya magharibi|magharibi]], [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] na [[Asia ya Magharibi]] ikawa na sura ya kimataifa kama [[Dola la Roma]]. [[Umoja]] ulipotea kuanzia [[uvamizi]] wa [[jiji]] la [[Roma]] uliofanywa na [[Wagermanik]] ([[476]] [[BK]]) na hasa baada ya [[ufalme]] wa [[Karolo Mkuu]] aliyetawala sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] tu. Juhudi za kuurudisha umoja zilifanywa hasa katika [[karne ya 19]], ambapo [[Ufalme wa Sardinia]] uliteka sehemu kubwa ya Italia (hasa miaka [[1860]], [[1866]] na [[1870]]) na kubadilika kuwa [[Ufalme wa Italia]] wenye [[makao makuu]] Roma. Baada ya [[vita vikuu vya pili]] iligeuka [[Jamhuri]] yenye [[katiba]] inayotia [[mamlaka]] kuu [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[bunge]]. Ni kati ya nchi [[sita]] zilizoanzisha [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] mwaka [[1957]] ikaendelea kuunga mkono ustawi wake hadi uanzishaji wa [[pesa]] ya pamoja ([[Euro]]). ==Sanaa na utalii== [[File:Collage chiese italiane.jpg|thumb|250px|Kuanzia kushoto kwa kufuata mzunguko wa mishale katika saa: [[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Florence]], lenye [[kuba]] la [[matofali]] kubwa kuliko yote [[duniani]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |title=The Duomo of Florence &#124; Tripleman |publisher=tripleman.com |accessdate=25 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206202243/http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |archivedate=2009-12-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brunelleschisdome.com/ |title=Brunelleschi's Dome |publisher=Brunelleschi's Dome.com |accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]], [[kanisa]] kubwa kuliko yote duniani, liko [[Vatikani]], nchi inayozungukwa na Italia pande zote;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/st_peters.html|title=St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy|work=reidsitaly.com}}</ref> kanisa kuu la [[Milano]], la tano duniani kwa ukubwa;<ref>See [[List of largest church buildings in the world]]; note that the #3 entry, [[First Family Church]] building in Kansas, is now a school education complex.</ref> na Basilika la [[Mt. Marko]], [[Venezia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url = http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|title = Basilica di San Marco|date = |access-date = 10 February 2016|website = |publisher = |last = |first = |accessdate = 2017-01-13|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150305102304/http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|archivedate = 2015-03-05}}</ref>]] Italia ndiyo nchi inayongoza duniani kwa kuwa na mahali pengi (61) pa kimaumbile na pa kihistoria palipoingizwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya "[[Urithi wa Dunia]]". Kwa sababu hiyo pia inashika nafasi ya 5 kati ya nchi zote zilizo lengo la [[utalii]]. ==Demografia== [[File:Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg|thumb|Mtawanyiko wa watu wenye asili ya Italia.]] Wananchi wana sifa za pekee kati ya [[Wazungu]] wote, hata upande wa [[DNA]], kutokana na jiografia na historia ya [[rasi]]. Ni kati ya nchi ambamo watu wanatarajiwa kuishi miaka mingi zaidi, lakini pia ni kati ya nchi ambapo [[uzazi]] ni mdogo zaidi: wanaokufa ni wengi kuliko wanaozaliwa. Kutokana na [[umati]] wa Waitalia waliohama nchi hiyo karne za nyuma, sasa zaidi ya watu [[milioni]] 60 nje ya Italia wana asili ya nchi hiyo, mbali na [[raia]] zaidi ya milioni 4 wanaoishi nje. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiitalia]], inayotegemea zaidi [[lahaja]] za [[Italia ya Kati]], lakini siku hizi inatumiwa na wananchi walio wengi hata katika mikoa mingine, ambayo kwa jumla ni 20. Wananchi wanatumia pia lugha nyingine, kama [[Kisardinia]] (2.5%), [[Kifriuli]] (1.2%) na [[Kijerumani]] (0.6%), na vilevile wahamiaji wanatumia lugha zao asili, hasa [[Kiromania]] (1.3%), [[Kiarabu]] (0.8%), [[Kialbania]] (0.6%) na [[Kihispania]] (0.4%). Upande wa [[dini]], wengi wao (81.2%) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], wakifuatwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] (2.8%, wengi wao wakiwa [[wahamiaji]], hasa kutoka [[Romania]]) na [[Waprotestanti]] (1.1%, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wapentekoste]]). [[Uhamiaji]] mwingi wa miaka ya mwisho wa [[karne ya 20]] umeleta pia [[Uislamu]] (3.7%) na [[dini]] nyingine. Dini zote zinaachiwa [[Uhuru wa dini|uhuru]] na, tofauti na nchi nyingi za Ulaya, waumini wake wanajitahidi kiasi kufuata [[ibada]] (29% kila [[wiki]]). == Serikali == Muundo wa Italia ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya uwakilishi wa [[bunge]], iliyoanzishwa chini ya [[Katiba]] ya mwaka [[1948]]. [[Rais]] wa Jamhuri ni mkuu wa [[nchi]] na huchukua nafasi ya mdhamini wa Katiba, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] (Rais wa Baraza la Mawaziri) akiwa mkuu wa [[serikali]]. Waziri Mkuu huteuliwa na Rais na ni lazima apate [[imani]] ya [[tawi|matawi]] mawili ya Bunge la Italia ili aweze kuongoza. Mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa Italia umejengwa juu ya mgawanyo wa [[madaraka]] kati ya mihimili ya utendaji, ya kutunga [[sheria]], na ya [[mahakama]]. Tawi la kutunga sheria linaundwa na Bunge lenye mabaraza mawili, ambalo ni Bunge la Wawakilishi na Seneti ya Jamhuri. Mabaraza hayo mawili yana [[mamlaka]] sawa na yanawajibika kupitisha sheria, kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia serikali. Wabunge huchaguliwa na wananchi kupitia mfumo mchanganyiko wa [[uchaguzi]]. Italia ina [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], jambo linalopelekea kila mara kuundwa kwa serikali za mseto kutokana na uwakilishi wa uwiano unaoruhusu vyama vidogo kupata viti. Tawi la utendaji linajumuisha Waziri Mkuu na [[Baraza la Mawaziri]], ambao wanawajibika kwa sera za [[taifa|kitaifa]], usimamizi wa shughuli za serikali, na utekelezaji wa sheria. [[Wizara]] hushughulikia nyanja kama masuala ya nje, [[uchumi]], [[ulinzi]], na [[elimu]]. Mamlaka ya mahakama ni huru na haitegemei mihimili mingine ya [[dola]], na inajumuisha mahakama za kiraia, za kijinai, na za kiutawala. Mahakama ya Katiba huhakikisha kuwa sheria zinazingatia Katiba ya Italia. Italia pia ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na sheria za umoja huo huathiri sera za ndani, hasa katika masuala ya uchumi na [[biashara]]. ==Watu maarufu== * [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] * [[Marko Polo]] * [[Dante Alighieri]] * [[Katerina wa Siena]] * [[Bernardino wa Siena]] * [[Kristofa Columbus]] * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] * [[Yohane wa Verrazzano|Yohane wa Verrazzano]] * [[Niccolo Machiavelli|Nikola Machiavelli]] * [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo wa Vinci]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Raffaello Sanzio]] * [[Karolo Borromeo]] * [[Papa Pius V]] * [[Galileo Galilei]] * [[Amedeo Avogadro]] * [[Alessandro Volta]] * [[Giuseppe Verdi]] * [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] * [[Yohane Bosco]] * [[Antonio Meucci]] * [[Papa Pius X]] * [[Maria Montessori]] * [[Guglielmo Marconi]] * [[Benito Mussolini]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] * [[Papa Paulo VI]] * [[Pio wa Pietrelcina]] * [[Carlo Rubbia]] == Tazama pia == * [[Mikoa ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Bibliografia== {{reflist}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Italy - Eyewitness Travel Guides|publisher=DK|year=2005|isbn=1-4053-0781-1}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Northern Italy - Insight Guides|url=https://archive.org/details/northernitaly0000unse|publisher=APA Publications|year=2004|isbn=981-234-903-0}} *{{cite web|title=History of Italy: Primary Documents|first=Richard|last=Hacken|publisher=EuroDocs: Harold B. Lee Library: Brigham Young University|url=http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Italy:_Primary_Documents|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=FastiOnline: A database of archaeological excavations since the year 2000|date=2004–2007|publisher=International Association of Classical Archaeology (AIAC)|url=http://www.fastionline.org/|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=Italy History – Italian History Index|language=Italian, English|date=1995–2010|publisher=European University Institute, The World Wide Web Virtual Library|url=http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html|accessdate=6 March 2010|archivedate=2021-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815124837/http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm Online resources about Italy] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm |date=20081216082829 }} at UCB Libraries GovPubs *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Italy}} * [http://www.study-in-italy.it/ Italian Higher Education for International Students] {{Wayback|url=http://www.study-in-italy.it/ |date=20090419134614 }} * [http://www.parks.it/Eindex.html Italian National and Regional parks] * [http://www.italia.it/en/home.html Italian tourism official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.italia.it/en/home.html |date=20091018203348 }} {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Italia]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G7]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G8]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] k2cy14muwi1dvx3ihd6p2y17nke7qnl 1546155 1546149 2026-05-19T10:41:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mikoa */ 1546155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Italia |jina_asili = Repubblica Italiana ([[Kiitalia]]) |kauli_mbiu = |wimbo_wa_taifa = "Il Canto degli Italiani" ([[Kiitalia]]) </br> "Wimbo wa Waitalia"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:italian anthem.ogg]]</div> |bendera = Flag of Italy.svg |nembo = Italy-Emblem.svg |ramani = Italy (orthographic projection).svg |maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Italia katika bara la Ulaya</i></small> |ukubwawapicha= 400px |mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Roma]] |lugha_rasmi= [[Kiitalia]] |lugha2 = |kabila = {{plainlist| *91.0% Raia wa Italia *9.0% Wengine }} |dini = {{plainlist| *84% [[Ukristo]] *12% [[Wasio na dini]] *1% [[Uislamu]] *3% Nyinginezo }} |serikali = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Rais |utaifa = Mwitalia |kiongozi1 = Rais |cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Sergio Mattarella]] |cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] |kiongozi_jina2 = [[Giorgia Meloni]] |kiongozi3 = [[Rais]] wa [[Seneti]] |cheo_kiongozi3 = Ignazio La Russa |bunge = Bunge la Italia |muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' |tukio1 = Muungano |tukio1_tarehe = 17 Machi 1861 |tukio2 = Jamhuri |tukio2_tarehe = 12 Juni 1946 |tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa |tukio3_tarehe = 1 Januari 1948 |eneo_jumla = 301,340 |eneo_ardhi = |eneo_maji = <!--Dont use commas in value--> |asilimia_maji = 1.24 |idadi_ya_watu= {{decrease}} 58,915,561 |mwaka_watu= 2025 |cheo_idadi_ya_watu= 25 |msongamano = 195 |plt_ppp = {{increase}} $3.597 Trilioni <ref name='auto1'>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ITA|title=Italy GDP profile|accessdate=2025-01-30}}</ref> |mwaka_pato = 2024 |plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $60,992 <ref name='auto1'/> |plt = {{increase}} $2.376 Trilioni (ya 8)<ref name='auto1'/> |plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $40,286 <ref name='auto1'/> |hdi = 0.906 |orodha_hdi = 28 |mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 <ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/countries/italy|title= Italy Hdi|accessdate=2025-01-31}}</ref> |mwaka_gini = 2021 |gini = 34.8 |tovuti = |sarafu = [[Euro ]]€ '''EU''' |majira_saa = +1 (CET) |msimbo_simu = 39 |mtandao = .it |upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kulia |tanbihi= }} '''Italia''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Italia''') ni [[nchi]] iliyopo [[kusini]] mwa [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Ufaransa]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Uswisi]] na [[Austria]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], na [[Slovenia]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. Nchi hii ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban milioni 60 na ina eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 301,340. [[Roma]], [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi, pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. Italia imegawanywa katika [[Mikoa ya Italia|mikoa 20]] na inajulikana kwa [[alama]] zake za [[historia|kihistoria]], [[sanaa]], [[Chakula|vyakula]], na kama mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa [[Dola la Roma]] na [[Renaissance]]. Italia ina [[urithi]] tajiri wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]] unaoendelea kuathiri [[dunia]] hadi leo. Kuanzia [[usanifu majengo]] na [[uhandisi]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] hadi kazi bora za enzi ya ''Renaissance'' kutoka kwa wasanii kama [[Leonardo da Vinci]] na [[Michelangelo]], mchango wa Italia katika sanaa, [[fasihi]] na [[sayansi]] hauna kifani. [[Mji|Miji]] kama [[Firenze]], [[Venezia]] na [[Milano]] inajulikana kwa [[Jumba la Makumbusho|majumba]] ya kihistoria, [[Kanisa (jengo)|makanisa]], na maeneo ya kale yenye hazina ya sanaa, na huvutia [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Utalii|watalii]] kila mwaka. [[Uchumi]] wa Italia ni miongoni mwa mikubwa zaidi katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] na unajulikana kwa sekta mbalimbali kama vile [[mitindo]] ya [[mavazi]], [[magari]], [[kilimo]] na utalii. Italia ni makao ya chapa maarufu duniani kama [[Ferrari]], [[Gucci]] na Lavazza. Nchi hii pia ina nafasi muhimu katika [[siasa]] za kimataifa kama mwanachama [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], [[NATO]] na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Licha ya changamoto za kiuchumi, Italia bado ni nchi yenye [[uhai]] mkubwa, utambulisho imara wa kitaifa na ushawishi mpana wa kitamaduni [[Dunia|duniani]]. ==Jiografia== [[Umbo]] la jamhuri, kama lile la [[rasi]] yake, linafanana na [[mguu]] linalozungukwa na [[maji]] ya [[Mediteraneo]] pande [[tatu]]. [[Milima]] ya [[Appennini]] inaunda [[uti wa mgongo]] wake, wakati ile ya [[Alpi]], ambayo ni mirefu zaidi, inaunda kwa kiasi kikubwa mpaka kati ya Italia na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. Mlima mrefu zaidi, ukiwa na [[mita]] 4,810 juu ya [[usawa wa bahari]], unaitwa [[Mont Blanc|Monte Bianco]] (Mlima Mweupe) na uko mpakani kwa Ufaransa. [[Visiwa]] viwili vikubwa vya [[Sisilia]] na [[Sardinia]] ni sehemu za Italia pamoja na visiwa vingi vidogovidogo, vile vya [[Pelagie]] na [[Pantelleria]] vikiwa upande wa [[Afrika]]. Italia ina [[volkeno]] 14, ambazo 4 kati yake ziko hai: ile ndefu zaidi kuliko zote za Ulaya (mita 3,329) inaitwa [[Etna]] na iko [[mashariki]] mwa Sisilia. Italia inaongoza Ulaya kwa wingi wa [[matetemeko ya ardhi]]. [[Mto]] mrefu zaidi unaitwa [[Mto Po|Po]] na una [[urefu]] wa [[kilomita]] 652. Mito mingine mirefu ni [[mto Adige|Adige]], [[Tiber|Tevere]], [[mto Adda, Italia|Adda]], [[mto Oglio|Oglio]], [[mto Tanaro|Tanaro]], [[mto Ticino|Ticino]], [[Mto Arno|Arno]], [[mto Piave|Piave]], [[mto Reno, Italia|Reno]], [[mto Sarca-Mincio|Sarca-Mincio]] n.k. [[Ziwa|Maziwa]] makubwa zaidi ni: [[Ziwa la Garda|Garda]] (km² 367.94), [[Ziwa Maggiore]] (212.51, likiingia Uswisi), [[Ziwa la Como]] (145.9), [[Ziwa Trasimeno|Trasimeno]] (124.29) na [[Ziwa la Bolsena]] (113.55). Kutokana na [[urefu]] mkubwa wa Italia toka [[kaskazini]] hadi [[kusini]], [[hali ya hewa]] ni tofauti sana, kuanzia [[baridi]] kali sana hadi [[joto]] kali sana. == Mikoa == {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%" ! Bendera ! Jina ! Makao makuu ! Eneo (km²) ! data-sort-type="number" |Wakazi ! Msongamano wa watu/km² ! [[Wilaya za Italia|Wilaya]] ! Manispaa ! Miji mikubwa ! Hali ya utawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Abruzzo.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Abruzzo]] | align=center|[[L'Aquila]] | align=right|10,763 | align=right|1,307,919 | align=right|122 | align=center|4 | align=center|305 | align=center|[[Pescara]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Basilicata.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Basilicata]] | align=center|[[Potenza]] | align=right|9,995 | align=right|575,902 | align=right|58 | align=center|2 | align=center|131 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Valle d'Aosta.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Bonde la Aosta]] | align=center|[[Aosta]] | align=right|3,263 | align=right|126,933 | align=right|39 | align=center|0 | align=center|74 | align=center|- | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Calabria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Calabria]] | align=center|[[Catanzaro]] | align=right|15,081 | align=right|1,954,403 | align=right|130 | align=center|5 | align=center|409 | align=center|[[Reggio Calabria]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Campania.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Campania]] | align=center|[[Napoli]] | align=right|13,590 | align=right|5,761,155 | align=right|424 | align=center|5 | align=center|551 | align=center|[[Napoli]], [[Salerno]], [[Giugliano in Campania]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center| | align=center|[[Emilia-Romagna]] | align=center|[[Bologna]] | align=right|22,446 | align=right|4,354,450 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|348 | align=center|[[Bologna]], [[Parma]], [[Modena]], [[Reggio nell'Emilia]], [[Ravenna]], [[Rimini]], [[Ferrara]], [[Forlì]], [[Piacenza]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=right|7,858 | align=right|1,219,356 | align=right|155 | align=center|4 | align=center|218 | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Lazio Flag.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lazio]] | align=center|[[Roma]] | align=right|17,236 | align=right|5,550,459 | align=right|322 | align=center|5 | align=center|378 | align=center|[[Roma]], [[Latina]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Liguria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Liguria]] | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=right|5,422 | align=right|1,565,349 | align=right|289 | align=center|4 | align=center|235 | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Lombardy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lombardia]] | align=center|[[Milano]] | align=right|23,861 | align=right|9,749,593 | align=right|409 | align=center|12 | align=center|1544 | align=center|[[Milano]], [[Brescia]], [[Monza]], [[Bergamo]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Marche.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Marche]] | align=center|[[Ancona]] | align=right|9,366 | align=right|1,541,692 | align=right|165 | align=center|5 | align=center|239 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Molise.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Molise]] | align=center|[[Campobasso]] | align=right|4,438 | align=right|312,394 | align=right|70 | align=center|2 | align=center|136 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Bandiera della regione Piemonte.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Piemonte]] | align=center|[[Torino]] | align=right|25,402 | align=right|4,366,251 | align=right|172 | align=center|8 | align=center|1206 | align=center|[[Torino]], [[Novara]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Apulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Puglia]] | align=center|[[Bari]] | align=right|19,358 | align=right|4,045,949 | align=right|209 | align=center|6 | align=center|258 | align=center|[[Bari]], [[Taranto]], [[Foggia]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sardinia, Italy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sardinia]] | align=center|[[Cagliari]] | align=right|24,090 | align=right|1,637,193 | align=right|68 | align=center|8 | align=center|377 | align=center|[[Cagliari]], [[Sassari]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sicily.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sisilia]] | align=center|[[Palermo]] | align=right|25,711 | align=right|4,994,817 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|390 | align=center|[[Palermo]], [[Catania]], [[Messina]], [[Siracusa]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Toscana]] | align=center|[[Firenze]] | align=right|22,994 | align=right|3,679,027 | align=right|160 | align=center|10 | align=center|287 | align=center|[[Firenze]], [[Prato]], [[Livorno]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | align=center|[[Trento]] | align=right|13,607 | align=right|1,036,707 | align=right|76 | align=center|2 | align=center|333 | align=center|[[Trento]], [[Bolzano]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Umbria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Umbria]] | align=center|[[Perugia]] | align=right|8,456 | align=right|885,535 | align=right|105 | align=center|2 | align=center|92 | align=center|[[Perugia]], [[Terni]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Veneto]] | align=center|[[Venezia]] | align=right|18,399 | align=right|4,865,380 | align=right|264 | align=center|7 | align=center|581 | align=center|[[Verona]], [[Venezia]], [[Padova]], [[Vicenza]] | align=center|Kawaida |- |-class="sortbottom" |} ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Italia}} {{multiple image |align=right|direction=vertical|width=190 |image1=Canal Grande Chiesa della Salute e Dogana dal ponte dell Accademia.jpg|190 |caption1=Mji wa [[Venisi]], uliojengwa juu ya [[visiwa]] 117. |image2=Panoramic view of Piazza dei Miracoli (-Square of Miracles-). Pisa, Tuscany, Central Italy.jpg|190 |caption2=[[Mnara wa Pisa]], pamoja na [[kanisa kuu la Pisa]] na [[batizio]] yake. |image3= CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg |caption3= [[Ikulu ya Caserta]].|190 }} [[Akiolojia]] imethibitisha uwepo wa [[Homo|Homo erectus]] miaka 700,000 hivi iliyopita, [[Homo neanderthalensis]] miaka 200,000 hivi iliyopita. [[Homo sapiens|Homo sapiens sapiens]] alifika miaka 40,000 hivi iliyopita. Kufikia [[milenia ya 1 KK]] wakazi wengi walikuwa wa [[Wazungu|jamii ya Kizungu]] na kutumia [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]], ingawa walibaki pia wazao wa wakazi wa awali. [[Peninsula]] ya Italia iliunganishwa mara ya kwanza na [[Jamhuri ya Roma]] ([[509 KK|509]]-[[27 KK]]), lakini hiyo ilipoenea [[Ulaya kusini]] na [[Ulaya magharibi|magharibi]], [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] na [[Asia ya Magharibi]] ikawa na sura ya kimataifa kama [[Dola la Roma]]. [[Umoja]] ulipotea kuanzia [[uvamizi]] wa [[jiji]] la [[Roma]] uliofanywa na [[Wagermanik]] ([[476]] [[BK]]) na hasa baada ya [[ufalme]] wa [[Karolo Mkuu]] aliyetawala sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] tu. Juhudi za kuurudisha umoja zilifanywa hasa katika [[karne ya 19]], ambapo [[Ufalme wa Sardinia]] uliteka sehemu kubwa ya Italia (hasa miaka [[1860]], [[1866]] na [[1870]]) na kubadilika kuwa [[Ufalme wa Italia]] wenye [[makao makuu]] Roma. Baada ya [[vita vikuu vya pili]] iligeuka [[Jamhuri]] yenye [[katiba]] inayotia [[mamlaka]] kuu [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[bunge]]. Ni kati ya nchi [[sita]] zilizoanzisha [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] mwaka [[1957]] ikaendelea kuunga mkono ustawi wake hadi uanzishaji wa [[pesa]] ya pamoja ([[Euro]]). ==Sanaa na utalii== [[File:Collage chiese italiane.jpg|thumb|250px|Kuanzia kushoto kwa kufuata mzunguko wa mishale katika saa: [[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Florence]], lenye [[kuba]] la [[matofali]] kubwa kuliko yote [[duniani]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |title=The Duomo of Florence &#124; Tripleman |publisher=tripleman.com |accessdate=25 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206202243/http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |archivedate=2009-12-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brunelleschisdome.com/ |title=Brunelleschi's Dome |publisher=Brunelleschi's Dome.com |accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]], [[kanisa]] kubwa kuliko yote duniani, liko [[Vatikani]], nchi inayozungukwa na Italia pande zote;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/st_peters.html|title=St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy|work=reidsitaly.com}}</ref> kanisa kuu la [[Milano]], la tano duniani kwa ukubwa;<ref>See [[List of largest church buildings in the world]]; note that the #3 entry, [[First Family Church]] building in Kansas, is now a school education complex.</ref> na Basilika la [[Mt. Marko]], [[Venezia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url = http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|title = Basilica di San Marco|date = |access-date = 10 February 2016|website = |publisher = |last = |first = |accessdate = 2017-01-13|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150305102304/http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|archivedate = 2015-03-05}}</ref>]] Italia ndiyo nchi inayongoza duniani kwa kuwa na mahali pengi (61) pa kimaumbile na pa kihistoria palipoingizwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya "[[Urithi wa Dunia]]". Kwa sababu hiyo pia inashika nafasi ya 5 kati ya nchi zote zilizo lengo la [[utalii]]. ==Demografia== [[File:Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg|thumb|Mtawanyiko wa watu wenye asili ya Italia.]] Wananchi wana sifa za pekee kati ya [[Wazungu]] wote, hata upande wa [[DNA]], kutokana na jiografia na historia ya [[rasi]]. Ni kati ya nchi ambamo watu wanatarajiwa kuishi miaka mingi zaidi, lakini pia ni kati ya nchi ambapo [[uzazi]] ni mdogo zaidi: wanaokufa ni wengi kuliko wanaozaliwa. Kutokana na [[umati]] wa Waitalia waliohama nchi hiyo karne za nyuma, sasa zaidi ya watu [[milioni]] 60 nje ya Italia wana asili ya nchi hiyo, mbali na [[raia]] zaidi ya milioni 4 wanaoishi nje. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiitalia]], inayotegemea zaidi [[lahaja]] za [[Italia ya Kati]], lakini siku hizi inatumiwa na wananchi walio wengi hata katika mikoa mingine, ambayo kwa jumla ni 20. Wananchi wanatumia pia lugha nyingine, kama [[Kisardinia]] (2.5%), [[Kifriuli]] (1.2%) na [[Kijerumani]] (0.6%), na vilevile wahamiaji wanatumia lugha zao asili, hasa [[Kiromania]] (1.3%), [[Kiarabu]] (0.8%), [[Kialbania]] (0.6%) na [[Kihispania]] (0.4%). Upande wa [[dini]], wengi wao (81.2%) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], wakifuatwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] (2.8%, wengi wao wakiwa [[wahamiaji]], hasa kutoka [[Romania]]) na [[Waprotestanti]] (1.1%, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wapentekoste]]). [[Uhamiaji]] mwingi wa miaka ya mwisho wa [[karne ya 20]] umeleta pia [[Uislamu]] (3.7%) na [[dini]] nyingine. Dini zote zinaachiwa [[Uhuru wa dini|uhuru]] na, tofauti na nchi nyingi za Ulaya, waumini wake wanajitahidi kiasi kufuata [[ibada]] (29% kila [[wiki]]). == Serikali == Muundo wa Italia ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya uwakilishi wa [[bunge]], iliyoanzishwa chini ya [[Katiba]] ya mwaka [[1948]]. [[Rais]] wa Jamhuri ni mkuu wa [[nchi]] na huchukua nafasi ya mdhamini wa Katiba, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] (Rais wa Baraza la Mawaziri) akiwa mkuu wa [[serikali]]. Waziri Mkuu huteuliwa na Rais na ni lazima apate [[imani]] ya [[tawi|matawi]] mawili ya Bunge la Italia ili aweze kuongoza. Mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa Italia umejengwa juu ya mgawanyo wa [[madaraka]] kati ya mihimili ya utendaji, ya kutunga [[sheria]], na ya [[mahakama]]. Tawi la kutunga sheria linaundwa na Bunge lenye mabaraza mawili, ambalo ni Bunge la Wawakilishi na Seneti ya Jamhuri. Mabaraza hayo mawili yana [[mamlaka]] sawa na yanawajibika kupitisha sheria, kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia serikali. Wabunge huchaguliwa na wananchi kupitia mfumo mchanganyiko wa [[uchaguzi]]. Italia ina [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], jambo linalopelekea kila mara kuundwa kwa serikali za mseto kutokana na uwakilishi wa uwiano unaoruhusu vyama vidogo kupata viti. Tawi la utendaji linajumuisha Waziri Mkuu na [[Baraza la Mawaziri]], ambao wanawajibika kwa sera za [[taifa|kitaifa]], usimamizi wa shughuli za serikali, na utekelezaji wa sheria. [[Wizara]] hushughulikia nyanja kama masuala ya nje, [[uchumi]], [[ulinzi]], na [[elimu]]. Mamlaka ya mahakama ni huru na haitegemei mihimili mingine ya [[dola]], na inajumuisha mahakama za kiraia, za kijinai, na za kiutawala. Mahakama ya Katiba huhakikisha kuwa sheria zinazingatia Katiba ya Italia. Italia pia ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na sheria za umoja huo huathiri sera za ndani, hasa katika masuala ya uchumi na [[biashara]]. ==Watu maarufu== * [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] * [[Marko Polo]] * [[Dante Alighieri]] * [[Katerina wa Siena]] * [[Bernardino wa Siena]] * [[Kristofa Columbus]] * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] * [[Yohane wa Verrazzano|Yohane wa Verrazzano]] * [[Niccolo Machiavelli|Nikola Machiavelli]] * [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo wa Vinci]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Raffaello Sanzio]] * [[Karolo Borromeo]] * [[Papa Pius V]] * [[Galileo Galilei]] * [[Amedeo Avogadro]] * [[Alessandro Volta]] * [[Giuseppe Verdi]] * [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] * [[Yohane Bosco]] * [[Antonio Meucci]] * [[Papa Pius X]] * [[Maria Montessori]] * [[Guglielmo Marconi]] * [[Benito Mussolini]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] * [[Papa Paulo VI]] * [[Pio wa Pietrelcina]] * [[Carlo Rubbia]] == Tazama pia == * [[Mikoa ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Bibliografia== {{reflist}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Italy - Eyewitness Travel Guides|publisher=DK|year=2005|isbn=1-4053-0781-1}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Northern Italy - Insight Guides|url=https://archive.org/details/northernitaly0000unse|publisher=APA Publications|year=2004|isbn=981-234-903-0}} *{{cite web|title=History of Italy: Primary Documents|first=Richard|last=Hacken|publisher=EuroDocs: Harold B. Lee Library: Brigham Young University|url=http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Italy:_Primary_Documents|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=FastiOnline: A database of archaeological excavations since the year 2000|date=2004–2007|publisher=International Association of Classical Archaeology (AIAC)|url=http://www.fastionline.org/|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=Italy History – Italian History Index|language=Italian, English|date=1995–2010|publisher=European University Institute, The World Wide Web Virtual Library|url=http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html|accessdate=6 March 2010|archivedate=2021-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815124837/http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm Online resources about Italy] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm |date=20081216082829 }} at UCB Libraries GovPubs *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Italy}} * [http://www.study-in-italy.it/ Italian Higher Education for International Students] {{Wayback|url=http://www.study-in-italy.it/ |date=20090419134614 }} * [http://www.parks.it/Eindex.html Italian National and Regional parks] * [http://www.italia.it/en/home.html Italian tourism official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.italia.it/en/home.html |date=20091018203348 }} {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Italia]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G7]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G8]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 2ab83pxj647yeoyzaihrm057reyy0ts 1546159 1546155 2026-05-19T10:45:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mikoa */ 1546159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Italia |jina_asili = Repubblica Italiana ([[Kiitalia]]) |kauli_mbiu = |wimbo_wa_taifa = "Il Canto degli Italiani" ([[Kiitalia]]) </br> "Wimbo wa Waitalia"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:italian anthem.ogg]]</div> |bendera = Flag of Italy.svg |nembo = Italy-Emblem.svg |ramani = Italy (orthographic projection).svg |maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Italia katika bara la Ulaya</i></small> |ukubwawapicha= 400px |mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Roma]] |lugha_rasmi= [[Kiitalia]] |lugha2 = |kabila = {{plainlist| *91.0% Raia wa Italia *9.0% Wengine }} |dini = {{plainlist| *84% [[Ukristo]] *12% [[Wasio na dini]] *1% [[Uislamu]] *3% Nyinginezo }} |serikali = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Rais |utaifa = Mwitalia |kiongozi1 = Rais |cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Sergio Mattarella]] |cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] |kiongozi_jina2 = [[Giorgia Meloni]] |kiongozi3 = [[Rais]] wa [[Seneti]] |cheo_kiongozi3 = Ignazio La Russa |bunge = Bunge la Italia |muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' |tukio1 = Muungano |tukio1_tarehe = 17 Machi 1861 |tukio2 = Jamhuri |tukio2_tarehe = 12 Juni 1946 |tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa |tukio3_tarehe = 1 Januari 1948 |eneo_jumla = 301,340 |eneo_ardhi = |eneo_maji = <!--Dont use commas in value--> |asilimia_maji = 1.24 |idadi_ya_watu= {{decrease}} 58,915,561 |mwaka_watu= 2025 |cheo_idadi_ya_watu= 25 |msongamano = 195 |plt_ppp = {{increase}} $3.597 Trilioni <ref name='auto1'>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ITA|title=Italy GDP profile|accessdate=2025-01-30}}</ref> |mwaka_pato = 2024 |plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $60,992 <ref name='auto1'/> |plt = {{increase}} $2.376 Trilioni (ya 8)<ref name='auto1'/> |plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $40,286 <ref name='auto1'/> |hdi = 0.906 |orodha_hdi = 28 |mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 <ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/countries/italy|title= Italy Hdi|accessdate=2025-01-31}}</ref> |mwaka_gini = 2021 |gini = 34.8 |tovuti = |sarafu = [[Euro ]]€ '''EU''' |majira_saa = +1 (CET) |msimbo_simu = 39 |mtandao = .it |upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kulia |tanbihi= }} '''Italia''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Italia''') ni [[nchi]] iliyopo [[kusini]] mwa [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Ufaransa]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Uswisi]] na [[Austria]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], na [[Slovenia]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. Nchi hii ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban milioni 60 na ina eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 301,340. [[Roma]], [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi, pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. Italia imegawanywa katika [[Mikoa ya Italia|mikoa 20]] na inajulikana kwa [[alama]] zake za [[historia|kihistoria]], [[sanaa]], [[Chakula|vyakula]], na kama mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa [[Dola la Roma]] na [[Renaissance]]. Italia ina [[urithi]] tajiri wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]] unaoendelea kuathiri [[dunia]] hadi leo. Kuanzia [[usanifu majengo]] na [[uhandisi]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] hadi kazi bora za enzi ya ''Renaissance'' kutoka kwa wasanii kama [[Leonardo da Vinci]] na [[Michelangelo]], mchango wa Italia katika sanaa, [[fasihi]] na [[sayansi]] hauna kifani. [[Mji|Miji]] kama [[Firenze]], [[Venezia]] na [[Milano]] inajulikana kwa [[Jumba la Makumbusho|majumba]] ya kihistoria, [[Kanisa (jengo)|makanisa]], na maeneo ya kale yenye hazina ya sanaa, na huvutia [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Utalii|watalii]] kila mwaka. [[Uchumi]] wa Italia ni miongoni mwa mikubwa zaidi katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] na unajulikana kwa sekta mbalimbali kama vile [[mitindo]] ya [[mavazi]], [[magari]], [[kilimo]] na utalii. Italia ni makao ya chapa maarufu duniani kama [[Ferrari]], [[Gucci]] na Lavazza. Nchi hii pia ina nafasi muhimu katika [[siasa]] za kimataifa kama mwanachama [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], [[NATO]] na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Licha ya changamoto za kiuchumi, Italia bado ni nchi yenye [[uhai]] mkubwa, utambulisho imara wa kitaifa na ushawishi mpana wa kitamaduni [[Dunia|duniani]]. ==Jiografia== [[Umbo]] la jamhuri, kama lile la [[rasi]] yake, linafanana na [[mguu]] linalozungukwa na [[maji]] ya [[Mediteraneo]] pande [[tatu]]. [[Milima]] ya [[Appennini]] inaunda [[uti wa mgongo]] wake, wakati ile ya [[Alpi]], ambayo ni mirefu zaidi, inaunda kwa kiasi kikubwa mpaka kati ya Italia na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. Mlima mrefu zaidi, ukiwa na [[mita]] 4,810 juu ya [[usawa wa bahari]], unaitwa [[Mont Blanc|Monte Bianco]] (Mlima Mweupe) na uko mpakani kwa Ufaransa. [[Visiwa]] viwili vikubwa vya [[Sisilia]] na [[Sardinia]] ni sehemu za Italia pamoja na visiwa vingi vidogovidogo, vile vya [[Pelagie]] na [[Pantelleria]] vikiwa upande wa [[Afrika]]. Italia ina [[volkeno]] 14, ambazo 4 kati yake ziko hai: ile ndefu zaidi kuliko zote za Ulaya (mita 3,329) inaitwa [[Etna]] na iko [[mashariki]] mwa Sisilia. Italia inaongoza Ulaya kwa wingi wa [[matetemeko ya ardhi]]. [[Mto]] mrefu zaidi unaitwa [[Mto Po|Po]] na una [[urefu]] wa [[kilomita]] 652. Mito mingine mirefu ni [[mto Adige|Adige]], [[Tiber|Tevere]], [[mto Adda, Italia|Adda]], [[mto Oglio|Oglio]], [[mto Tanaro|Tanaro]], [[mto Ticino|Ticino]], [[Mto Arno|Arno]], [[mto Piave|Piave]], [[mto Reno, Italia|Reno]], [[mto Sarca-Mincio|Sarca-Mincio]] n.k. [[Ziwa|Maziwa]] makubwa zaidi ni: [[Ziwa la Garda|Garda]] (km² 367.94), [[Ziwa Maggiore]] (212.51, likiingia Uswisi), [[Ziwa la Como]] (145.9), [[Ziwa Trasimeno|Trasimeno]] (124.29) na [[Ziwa la Bolsena]] (113.55). Kutokana na [[urefu]] mkubwa wa Italia toka [[kaskazini]] hadi [[kusini]], [[hali ya hewa]] ni tofauti sana, kuanzia [[baridi]] kali sana hadi [[joto]] kali sana. == Mikoa == {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%" ! Bendera ! Jina ! Makao makuu ! Eneo (km²) ! data-sort-type="number" |Wakazi ! Msongamano wa watu/km² ! [[Wilaya za Italia|Wilaya]] ! Manispaa ! Miji mikubwa ! Hali ya utawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Abruzzo.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Abruzzo]] | align=center|[[L'Aquila]] | align=right|10,763 | align=right|1,307,919 | align=right|122 | align=center|4 | align=center|305 | align=center|[[Pescara]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Basilicata.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Basilicata]] | align=center|[[Potenza]] | align=right|9,995 | align=right|575,902 | align=right|58 | align=center|2 | align=center|131 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Valle d'Aosta.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Bonde la Aosta]] | align=center|[[Aosta]] | align=right|3,263 | align=right|126,933 | align=right|39 | align=center|0 | align=center|74 | align=center|- | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Calabria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Calabria]] | align=center|[[Catanzaro]] | align=right|15,081 | align=right|1,954,403 | align=right|130 | align=center|5 | align=center|409 | align=center|[[Reggio Calabria]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Campania.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Campania]] | align=center|[[Napoli]] | align=right|13,590 | align=right|5,761,155 | align=right|424 | align=center|5 | align=center|551 | align=center|[[Napoli]], [[Salerno]], [[Giugliano in Campania]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center| | align=center|[[Emilia-Romagna]] | align=center|[[Bologna]] | align=right|22,446 | align=right|4,354,450 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|348 | align=center|[[Bologna]], [[Parma]], [[Modena]], [[Reggio nell'Emilia]], [[Ravenna]], [[Rimini]], [[Ferrara]], [[Forlì]], [[Piacenza]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=right|7,858 | align=right|1,219,356 | align=right|155 | align=center|4 | align=center|218 | align=center|[[Trieste]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Lazio Flag.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lazio]] | align=center|[[Roma]] | align=right|17,236 | align=right|5,550,459 | align=right|322 | align=center|5 | align=center|378 | align=center|[[Roma]], [[Latina]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Liguria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Liguria]] | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=right|5,422 | align=right|1,565,349 | align=right|289 | align=center|4 | align=center|235 | align=center|[[Genova]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Lombardy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Lombardia]] | align=center|[[Milano]] | align=right|23,861 | align=right|9,749,593 | align=right|409 | align=center|12 | align=center|1544 | align=center|[[Milano]], [[Brescia]], [[Monza]], [[Bergamo]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Marche.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Marche]] | align=center|[[Ancona]] | align=right|9,366 | align=right|1,541,692 | align=right|165 | align=center|5 | align=center|239 | align=center|[[Ancona]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Molise.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Molise]] | align=center|[[Campobasso]] | align=right|4,438 | align=right|312,394 | align=right|70 | align=center|2 | align=center|136 | align=center|- | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Bandiera della regione Piemonte.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Piemonte]] | align=center|[[Torino]] | align=right|25,402 | align=right|4,366,251 | align=right|172 | align=center|8 | align=center|1206 | align=center|[[Torino]], [[Novara]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Apulia.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Puglia]] | align=center|[[Bari]] | align=right|19,358 | align=right|4,045,949 | align=right|209 | align=center|6 | align=center|258 | align=center|[[Bari]], [[Taranto]], [[Foggia]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sardinia, Italy.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sardinia]] | align=center|[[Cagliari]] | align=right|24,090 | align=right|1,637,193 | align=right|68 | align=center|8 | align=center|377 | align=center|[[Cagliari]], [[Sassari]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Sicily.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Sisilia]] | align=center|[[Palermo]] | align=right|25,711 | align=right|4,994,817 | align=right|194 | align=center|9 | align=center|390 | align=center|[[Palermo]], [[Catania]], [[Messina]], [[Siracusa]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Toscana]] | align=center|[[Firenze]] | align=right|22,994 | align=right|3,679,027 | align=right|160 | align=center|10 | align=center|287 | align=center|[[Firenze]], [[Prato]], [[Livorno]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Trentino-South Tyrol.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | align=center|[[Trento]] | align=right|13,607 | align=right|1,036,707 | align=right|76 | align=center|2 | align=center|333 | align=center|[[Trento]], [[Bolzano]] | align=center|Kujitawala |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Umbria.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Umbria]] | align=center|[[Perugia]] | align=right|8,456 | align=right|885,535 | align=right|105 | align=center|2 | align=center|92 | align=center|[[Perugia]], [[Terni]] | align=center|Kawaida |- | align=center|[[File:Flag of Veneto.svg|40px|border]] | align=center|[[Veneto]] | align=center|[[Venezia]] | align=right|18,399 | align=right|4,865,380 | align=right|264 | align=center|7 | align=center|581 | align=center|[[Verona]], [[Venezia]], [[Padova]], [[Vicenza]] | align=center|Kawaida |- |-class="sortbottom" |} ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Italia}} {{multiple image |align=right|direction=vertical|width=190 |image1=Canal Grande Chiesa della Salute e Dogana dal ponte dell Accademia.jpg|190 |caption1=Mji wa [[Venisi]], uliojengwa juu ya [[visiwa]] 117. |image2=Panoramic view of Piazza dei Miracoli (-Square of Miracles-). Pisa, Tuscany, Central Italy.jpg|190 |caption2=[[Mnara wa Pisa]], pamoja na [[kanisa kuu la Pisa]] na [[batizio]] yake. |image3= CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg |caption3= [[Ikulu ya Caserta]].|190 }} [[Akiolojia]] imethibitisha uwepo wa [[Homo|Homo erectus]] miaka 700,000 hivi iliyopita, [[Homo neanderthalensis]] miaka 200,000 hivi iliyopita. [[Homo sapiens|Homo sapiens sapiens]] alifika miaka 40,000 hivi iliyopita. Kufikia [[milenia ya 1 KK]] wakazi wengi walikuwa wa [[Wazungu|jamii ya Kizungu]] na kutumia [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]], ingawa walibaki pia wazao wa wakazi wa awali. [[Peninsula]] ya Italia iliunganishwa mara ya kwanza na [[Jamhuri ya Roma]] ([[509 KK|509]]-[[27 KK]]), lakini hiyo ilipoenea [[Ulaya kusini]] na [[Ulaya magharibi|magharibi]], [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] na [[Asia ya Magharibi]] ikawa na sura ya kimataifa kama [[Dola la Roma]]. [[Umoja]] ulipotea kuanzia [[uvamizi]] wa [[jiji]] la [[Roma]] uliofanywa na [[Wagermanik]] ([[476]] [[BK]]) na hasa baada ya [[ufalme]] wa [[Karolo Mkuu]] aliyetawala sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] tu. Juhudi za kuurudisha umoja zilifanywa hasa katika [[karne ya 19]], ambapo [[Ufalme wa Sardinia]] uliteka sehemu kubwa ya Italia (hasa miaka [[1860]], [[1866]] na [[1870]]) na kubadilika kuwa [[Ufalme wa Italia]] wenye [[makao makuu]] Roma. Baada ya [[vita vikuu vya pili]] iligeuka [[Jamhuri]] yenye [[katiba]] inayotia [[mamlaka]] kuu [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[bunge]]. Ni kati ya nchi [[sita]] zilizoanzisha [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] mwaka [[1957]] ikaendelea kuunga mkono ustawi wake hadi uanzishaji wa [[pesa]] ya pamoja ([[Euro]]). ==Sanaa na utalii== [[File:Collage chiese italiane.jpg|thumb|250px|Kuanzia kushoto kwa kufuata mzunguko wa mishale katika saa: [[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Florence]], lenye [[kuba]] la [[matofali]] kubwa kuliko yote [[duniani]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |title=The Duomo of Florence &#124; Tripleman |publisher=tripleman.com |accessdate=25 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206202243/http://www.tripleman.com/index.php?showimage=737 |archivedate=2009-12-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brunelleschisdome.com/ |title=Brunelleschi's Dome |publisher=Brunelleschi's Dome.com |accessdate=25 March 2010}}</ref> [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]], [[kanisa]] kubwa kuliko yote duniani, liko [[Vatikani]], nchi inayozungukwa na Italia pande zote;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/st_peters.html|title=St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy|work=reidsitaly.com}}</ref> kanisa kuu la [[Milano]], la tano duniani kwa ukubwa;<ref>See [[List of largest church buildings in the world]]; note that the #3 entry, [[First Family Church]] building in Kansas, is now a school education complex.</ref> na Basilika la [[Mt. Marko]], [[Venezia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url = http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|title = Basilica di San Marco|date = |access-date = 10 February 2016|website = |publisher = |last = |first = |accessdate = 2017-01-13|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150305102304/http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/WAI/eng/basilica/architettura/interne/fasi_costrutt.bsm|archivedate = 2015-03-05}}</ref>]] Italia ndiyo nchi inayongoza duniani kwa kuwa na mahali pengi (61) pa kimaumbile na pa kihistoria palipoingizwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya "[[Urithi wa Dunia]]". Kwa sababu hiyo pia inashika nafasi ya 5 kati ya nchi zote zilizo lengo la [[utalii]]. ==Demografia== [[File:Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg|thumb|Mtawanyiko wa watu wenye asili ya Italia.]] Wananchi wana sifa za pekee kati ya [[Wazungu]] wote, hata upande wa [[DNA]], kutokana na jiografia na historia ya [[rasi]]. Ni kati ya nchi ambamo watu wanatarajiwa kuishi miaka mingi zaidi, lakini pia ni kati ya nchi ambapo [[uzazi]] ni mdogo zaidi: wanaokufa ni wengi kuliko wanaozaliwa. Kutokana na [[umati]] wa Waitalia waliohama nchi hiyo karne za nyuma, sasa zaidi ya watu [[milioni]] 60 nje ya Italia wana asili ya nchi hiyo, mbali na [[raia]] zaidi ya milioni 4 wanaoishi nje. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiitalia]], inayotegemea zaidi [[lahaja]] za [[Italia ya Kati]], lakini siku hizi inatumiwa na wananchi walio wengi hata katika mikoa mingine, ambayo kwa jumla ni 20. Wananchi wanatumia pia lugha nyingine, kama [[Kisardinia]] (2.5%), [[Kifriuli]] (1.2%) na [[Kijerumani]] (0.6%), na vilevile wahamiaji wanatumia lugha zao asili, hasa [[Kiromania]] (1.3%), [[Kiarabu]] (0.8%), [[Kialbania]] (0.6%) na [[Kihispania]] (0.4%). Upande wa [[dini]], wengi wao (81.2%) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], wakifuatwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] (2.8%, wengi wao wakiwa [[wahamiaji]], hasa kutoka [[Romania]]) na [[Waprotestanti]] (1.1%, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wapentekoste]]). [[Uhamiaji]] mwingi wa miaka ya mwisho wa [[karne ya 20]] umeleta pia [[Uislamu]] (3.7%) na [[dini]] nyingine. Dini zote zinaachiwa [[Uhuru wa dini|uhuru]] na, tofauti na nchi nyingi za Ulaya, waumini wake wanajitahidi kiasi kufuata [[ibada]] (29% kila [[wiki]]). == Serikali == Muundo wa Italia ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya uwakilishi wa [[bunge]], iliyoanzishwa chini ya [[Katiba]] ya mwaka [[1948]]. [[Rais]] wa Jamhuri ni mkuu wa [[nchi]] na huchukua nafasi ya mdhamini wa Katiba, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] (Rais wa Baraza la Mawaziri) akiwa mkuu wa [[serikali]]. Waziri Mkuu huteuliwa na Rais na ni lazima apate [[imani]] ya [[tawi|matawi]] mawili ya Bunge la Italia ili aweze kuongoza. Mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa Italia umejengwa juu ya mgawanyo wa [[madaraka]] kati ya mihimili ya utendaji, ya kutunga [[sheria]], na ya [[mahakama]]. Tawi la kutunga sheria linaundwa na Bunge lenye mabaraza mawili, ambalo ni Bunge la Wawakilishi na Seneti ya Jamhuri. Mabaraza hayo mawili yana [[mamlaka]] sawa na yanawajibika kupitisha sheria, kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia serikali. Wabunge huchaguliwa na wananchi kupitia mfumo mchanganyiko wa [[uchaguzi]]. Italia ina [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], jambo linalopelekea kila mara kuundwa kwa serikali za mseto kutokana na uwakilishi wa uwiano unaoruhusu vyama vidogo kupata viti. Tawi la utendaji linajumuisha Waziri Mkuu na [[Baraza la Mawaziri]], ambao wanawajibika kwa sera za [[taifa|kitaifa]], usimamizi wa shughuli za serikali, na utekelezaji wa sheria. [[Wizara]] hushughulikia nyanja kama masuala ya nje, [[uchumi]], [[ulinzi]], na [[elimu]]. Mamlaka ya mahakama ni huru na haitegemei mihimili mingine ya [[dola]], na inajumuisha mahakama za kiraia, za kijinai, na za kiutawala. Mahakama ya Katiba huhakikisha kuwa sheria zinazingatia Katiba ya Italia. Italia pia ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na sheria za umoja huo huathiri sera za ndani, hasa katika masuala ya uchumi na [[biashara]]. ==Watu maarufu== * [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] * [[Marko Polo]] * [[Dante Alighieri]] * [[Katerina wa Siena]] * [[Bernardino wa Siena]] * [[Kristofa Columbus]] * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] * [[Yohane wa Verrazzano|Yohane wa Verrazzano]] * [[Niccolo Machiavelli|Nikola Machiavelli]] * [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo wa Vinci]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Raffaello Sanzio]] * [[Karolo Borromeo]] * [[Papa Pius V]] * [[Galileo Galilei]] * [[Amedeo Avogadro]] * [[Alessandro Volta]] * [[Giuseppe Verdi]] * [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] * [[Yohane Bosco]] * [[Antonio Meucci]] * [[Papa Pius X]] * [[Maria Montessori]] * [[Guglielmo Marconi]] * [[Benito Mussolini]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] * [[Papa Paulo VI]] * [[Pio wa Pietrelcina]] * [[Carlo Rubbia]] == Tazama pia == * [[Mikoa ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya Italia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Bibliografia== {{reflist}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Italy - Eyewitness Travel Guides|publisher=DK|year=2005|isbn=1-4053-0781-1}} *{{Rejea kitabu|title=Northern Italy - Insight Guides|url=https://archive.org/details/northernitaly0000unse|publisher=APA Publications|year=2004|isbn=981-234-903-0}} *{{cite web|title=History of Italy: Primary Documents|first=Richard|last=Hacken|publisher=EuroDocs: Harold B. Lee Library: Brigham Young University|url=http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Italy:_Primary_Documents|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=FastiOnline: A database of archaeological excavations since the year 2000|date=2004–2007|publisher=International Association of Classical Archaeology (AIAC)|url=http://www.fastionline.org/|accessdate=6 March 2010}} *{{cite web|title=Italy History – Italian History Index|language=Italian, English|date=1995–2010|publisher=European University Institute, The World Wide Web Virtual Library|url=http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html|accessdate=6 March 2010|archivedate=2021-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815124837/http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm Online resources about Italy] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/italy.htm |date=20081216082829 }} at UCB Libraries GovPubs *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Italy}} * [http://www.study-in-italy.it/ Italian Higher Education for International Students] {{Wayback|url=http://www.study-in-italy.it/ |date=20090419134614 }} * [http://www.parks.it/Eindex.html Italian National and Regional parks] * [http://www.italia.it/en/home.html Italian tourism official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.italia.it/en/home.html |date=20091018203348 }} {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Italia]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G7]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G8]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 2xydalktm3bvxceydigs4hj0n220i1f 0 2975 1545920 1497354 2026-05-19T05:04:49Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1545920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |native_name = ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya kuheshimiwa ya San Marino |common_name = San Marino |image_flag = Flag of San Marino.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg |image_map = LocationSanMarino.png |national_motto = [[Kilatini]]: ''Libertas''<br />("Uhuru") |national_anthem = ''[[Inno Nazionale della Repubblica]]'' (sauti pekee bila maneno) |official_languages = [[Kiitalia]] |capital = [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]] |latd=43 |latm=56 |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=27 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Serravalle, San Marino|Serravalle]] |government_type = Jamhuri |leader_titles = [[Orodha ya watawala wakuu San Marino|Watawala wakuu]](Capitani Reggenti) |leader_names = [[:it:Filippo Tamagnini|Filippo Tamagnini]]<br /> na[[:it:Geatano Troina| Geatano Troina]] |area_rank = 190th |area_magnitude = 1 E 7 |area=61 |areami²= 23.5<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = kidogo sana |population_estimate = 32,576 |population_estimate_rank = ya 190|population_estimate_year = 31 Julai 2012 |population_census =|population_census_year = |population_density = 520 |population_densitymi² = 1,346.8 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 13 |GDP_PPP_year = 2001 |GDP_PPP = $904 millioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 195 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,600 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 12 |sovereignty_type = Uhuru |established_events = imeundwa |established_dates = [[3 Septemba]], [[301]] |HDI = NA |HDI_rank = NA |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color=gray>unranked</font> |currency = [[Euro]] (€) |currency_code = EUR |country_code = sm |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.sm]] |calling_code = 378 (0549 kutoka [[Italia]]) }} [[Picha:San marino panorama 1.jpg|none|thumb|700px|Mtazamo kutoka San Marino hadi [[bahari ya Adria]].]] '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. ==Watu== San Marino ina wakazi 33,909 ([[2019]]) katika [[vijiji]] 9. Karibu wote (97.2%) ni waumini wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] ([[dayosisi|jimbo]] la San Marino-Montefeltro) na wanaongea [[Kiitalia]] kwa [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiromagna]]. == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. {{Ulaya}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] hxlwasf6r7iwtmq2pjdrtmodoc828qp 1545928 1545920 2026-05-19T05:15:24Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1545928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[City of San Marino]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitaliano]] | lugha2 = [[Romagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. ==Watu== San Marino ina wakazi 33,909 ([[2019]]) katika [[vijiji]] 9. Karibu wote (97.2%) ni waumini wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] ([[dayosisi|jimbo]] la San Marino-Montefeltro) na wanaongea [[Kiitalia]] kwa [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiromagna]]. == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. {{Ulaya}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] o2aglah85hgke3c6lfb3tlkdg44fjrz 1545941 1545928 2026-05-19T05:35:22Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Utangulizi]] 1545941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[City of San Marino]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitaliano]] | lugha2 = [[Romagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na kwa jadi inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe Mkristo kutoka kisiwa cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia mateso chini ya [[Dola ya Kirumi]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye taasisi zake za utawala. Licha ya muungano wa kisiasa wa [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama Giuseppe Garibaldi wakati wa harakati za muungano wa [[Italia]], na mamlaka yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. [[Utalii]] ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, ngome za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola ndogo, jambo linalovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka [[Italia]] na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya uzalishaji vinajumuisha keramik, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, uzalishaji wa divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama sarafu yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za kipekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na bunge linalojulikana kama Grand and General Council. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], Baraza la Ulaya, na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. ==Watu== San Marino ina wakazi 33,909 ([[2019]]) katika [[vijiji]] 9. Karibu wote (97.2%) ni waumini wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] ([[dayosisi|jimbo]] la San Marino-Montefeltro) na wanaongea [[Kiitalia]] kwa [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiromagna]]. == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. {{Ulaya}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] m6zrbabylfrd2f1alkgiuocv2aek6uk 1545956 1545941 2026-05-19T05:51:39Z Gayle157 73366 /* Demografia */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Demografia]] 1545956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[City of San Marino]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitaliano]] | lugha2 = [[Romagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na kwa jadi inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe Mkristo kutoka kisiwa cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia mateso chini ya [[Dola ya Kirumi]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye taasisi zake za utawala. Licha ya muungano wa kisiasa wa [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama Giuseppe Garibaldi wakati wa harakati za muungano wa [[Italia]], na mamlaka yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. [[Utalii]] ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, ngome za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola ndogo, jambo linalovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka [[Italia]] na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya uzalishaji vinajumuisha keramik, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, uzalishaji wa divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama sarafu yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za kipekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na bunge linalojulikana kama Grand and General Council. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], Baraza la Ulaya, na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 33,600.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === Muundo wa kikabila wa San Marino ni wa aina moja sana. Raia wa asili wa Sammarinese wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka [[Ulaya]] nyingine.<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, lahaja ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la Emiliano-Romagnol.<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki wa Roma ==== [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hii imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma si dini ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au wasioamini Mungu. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa Orthodox, Mashahidi wa Yehova, na Wabaha’i.<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. {{Ulaya}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 7cdem38e1uo5xvkl0w6bkvq4a9fs5dn 1545957 1545956 2026-05-19T05:52:34Z Gayle157 73366 /* Siasa */ 1545957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[City of San Marino]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitaliano]] | lugha2 = [[Romagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na kwa jadi inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe Mkristo kutoka kisiwa cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia mateso chini ya [[Dola ya Kirumi]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye taasisi zake za utawala. Licha ya muungano wa kisiasa wa [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama Giuseppe Garibaldi wakati wa harakati za muungano wa [[Italia]], na mamlaka yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. [[Utalii]] ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, ngome za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola ndogo, jambo linalovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka [[Italia]] na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya uzalishaji vinajumuisha keramik, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, uzalishaji wa divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama sarafu yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za kipekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na bunge linalojulikana kama Grand and General Council. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], Baraza la Ulaya, na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 33,600.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === Muundo wa kikabila wa San Marino ni wa aina moja sana. Raia wa asili wa Sammarinese wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka [[Ulaya]] nyingine.<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, lahaja ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la Emiliano-Romagnol.<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki wa Roma ==== [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hii imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma si dini ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au wasioamini Mungu. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa Orthodox, Mashahidi wa Yehova, na Wabaha’i.<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] dpu482gsmslhtokb5yilo4enf6lh3jf 1545958 1545957 2026-05-19T05:52:57Z Gayle157 73366 1545958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[City of San Marino]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitaliano]] | lugha2 = [[Romagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na kwa jadi inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe Mkristo kutoka kisiwa cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia mateso chini ya [[Dola ya Kirumi]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye taasisi zake za utawala. Licha ya muungano wa kisiasa wa [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama Giuseppe Garibaldi wakati wa harakati za muungano wa [[Italia]], na mamlaka yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. [[Utalii]] ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, ngome za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola ndogo, jambo linalovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka [[Italia]] na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya uzalishaji vinajumuisha keramik, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, uzalishaji wa divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama sarafu yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za kipekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na bunge linalojulikana kama Grand and General Council. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], Baraza la Ulaya, na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 34,172.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === Muundo wa kikabila wa San Marino ni wa aina moja sana. Raia wa asili wa Sammarinese wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka [[Ulaya]] nyingine.<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, lahaja ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la Emiliano-Romagnol.<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki wa Roma ==== [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hii imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma si dini ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au wasioamini Mungu. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa Orthodox, Mashahidi wa Yehova, na Wabaha’i.<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 0xi5b56zi0ikdej8p5ppbvqbojv8077 1545961 1545958 2026-05-19T05:56:00Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ 1545961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitaliano) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa = [[Dogana]] | mji_mkuu = [[San Marino (mji)]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitalia]] | lugha2 = [[Kiromagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya San Marino'''; [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni taifa dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu duniani. Mji wake mkuu ni Jiji la [[San Marino (San Marino)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 61 na inajulikana kwa kuwa moja ya jamhuri za zamani zaidi duniani, ikifuatilia asili yake hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 4. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na kwa jadi inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe Mkristo kutoka kisiwa cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia mateso chini ya [[Dola ya Kirumi]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye taasisi zake za utawala. Licha ya muungano wa kisiasa wa [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama Giuseppe Garibaldi wakati wa harakati za muungano wa [[Italia]], na mamlaka yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. [[Utalii]] ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, ngome za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola ndogo, jambo linalovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka [[Italia]] na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya uzalishaji vinajumuisha keramik, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, uzalishaji wa divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama sarafu yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za kipekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na bunge linalojulikana kama Grand and General Council. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], Baraza la Ulaya, na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio mlimani. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 34,172.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === Muundo wa kikabila wa San Marino ni wa aina moja sana. Raia wa asili wa Sammarinese wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka [[Ulaya]] nyingine.<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, lahaja ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la Emiliano-Romagnol.<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki wa Roma ==== [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hii imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa [[Ukatoliki]] wa Roma si dini ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au wasioamini Mungu. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa Orthodox, Mashahidi wa Yehova, na Wabaha’i.<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] plfc8h61k7ncyo6nnutvq8ukzbj5ru2 1546034 1545961 2026-05-19T08:36:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitalia) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa = [[Dogana]] | mji_mkuu = [[San Marino (mji)]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitalia]] | lugha2 = [[Kiromagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% [[madhehebu]] mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Mtakatifu Marino'''; kwa [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni [[taifa]] dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[jamhuri]] ya [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina wakazi wanaokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye [[idadi]] ndogo zaidi ya watu [[duniani]]. [[Mji mkuu|Mji wake mkuu]] ni [[San Marino (mji)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 61 tu lakini inajulikana kwa kuwa na moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Mtakatifu Marinus]], mchonga mawe [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] kutoka [[kisiwa]] cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya [[kitawa]] katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia [[Mateso ya Wakristo|mateso]] chini ya [[Dola la Roma]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa [[Enzi za Kati]], makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye [[taasisi]] zake za utawala. Licha ya kuhusika na siasa ya [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi [[uhuru]] wake kupitia [[diplomasia]] na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] wakati wa [[harakati]] za muungano wa [[Italia]], na [[mamlaka]] yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[ufalme wa Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Uchumi]] wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. Huo ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, [[ngome]] za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola dogo, jambo linalovutia [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka Italia na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya [[uzalishaji]] vinajumuisha vigae vya kisanii, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama [[sarafu]] yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wake. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za pekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na [[bunge]]. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Baraza la Ulaya]], na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio [[mlima|mlimani]]. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 34,172.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Raia wa asili ya San Marino wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]] .<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, [[lahaja]] ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki ==== [[Ukatoliki]] ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hiyo imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa Ukatoliki si [[dini rasmi]] ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au [[Ukanamungu|wasioamini Mungu]]. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Kiorthodoksi]], [[Mashahidi wa Yehova]], na [[Baha'i|Wabaha’i]].<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] iiaiby0qyw5n2x04srvwtiawvhmkwwz 1546035 1546034 2026-05-19T08:38:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya San Marino | jina_asili = Repubblica di San Marino (Kiitalia) | bendera = Flag of San Marino.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of San Marino.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Libertas" (Uhuru) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Terra di Libertà" (Nchi ya Uhuru) </br>[[File:Inno Nazionale della Repubblica.ogg]] | ramani = San Marino Europe Location.svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la San Marino katika Ulaya | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa = [[Dogana]] | mji_mkuu = [[San Marino (mji)]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiitalia]] | lugha2 = [[Kiromagnol]] (lahaja ya Sammarinese) | mwaka_dini = 2022 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 90.3% [[Ukatoliki]] * 7.5% [[Wasio na dini]] * 1.1% [[madhehebu]] mengine ya Kikristo * 0.46% [[Uislamu]] * 0.1% [[Uyahudi]] * 0.34% nyingine }} | uraia = Msammarinese | serikali = Jamhuri ya kibunge ya viongozi wawili | cheo_kiongozi1 = Makapteni Watawala | kiongozi1 = Alice Mina na Vladimiro Selva | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Kisiasa | kiongozi2 = Luca Beccari | bunge = Grand and General Council | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutoka Dola la Roma | tukio1_tarehe = 3 Septemba 301 | tukio2 = Katiba | tukio2_tarehe = 8 Oktoba 1600 | eneo_jumla = 61.19 km² | maji = 0.0059% | watu_kadirio = 34,172 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 579 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $2.978 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $86,989 | mwaka_plt = 2024 | plt = $2.034 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $59,405 | hdi = 0.915 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 29 | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Euro]] (EUR) | majira_saa = CET (UTC+1) | tld = .sm | msimbo_simu = +378 }} '''San Marino''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Mtakatifu Marino'''; kwa [[Kiitalia]]: ''Repubblica di San Marino'') ni [[taifa]] dogo [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] lililozungukwa kabisa na [[jamhuri]] ya [[Italia]] katika [[Rasi ya Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino|title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, lina wakazi wanaokadiriwa kuwa takriban 34,000, jambo linalolifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye [[idadi]] ndogo zaidi ya watu [[duniani]]. [[Mji mkuu|Mji wake mkuu]] ni [[San Marino (mji)|San Marino]], huku makazi makubwa zaidi yakiwa [[Dogana]], na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiitalia]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#geography |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ina eneo la takriban [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 61 tu lakini inajulikana kwa kuwa na moja ya [[Historia ya San Marino|historia ndefu zaidi zinazoendelea]] kati ya mataifa huru duniani na inaaminika kuwa ilianzishwa mwaka [[301 BK]] na [[Marino shemasi|Mtakatifu Marino]], mchonga mawe [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] kutoka [[kisiwa]] cha Kirumi cha Rab, ambaye alianzisha jamii ya [[kitawa]] katika [[Mlima Titano]] ili kukimbia [[Mateso ya Wakristo|mateso]] chini ya [[Dola la Roma]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History |title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Wakati wa [[Enzi za Kati]], makazi hayo yaliendelea hatua kwa hatua kuwa jumuiya huru na baadaye jamhuri yenye [[taasisi]] zake za utawala. Licha ya kuhusika na siasa ya [[Italia]] na migogoro kati ya mataifa yaliyolizunguka, San Marino iliweza kuhifadhi [[uhuru]] wake kupitia [[diplomasia]] na ushirikiano wa kimkakati. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilitoa hifadhi kwa watu kama [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] wakati wa [[harakati]] za muungano wa Italia, na [[mamlaka]] yake ya kujitawala ilitambuliwa rasmi na [[ufalme wa Italia]] katika [[karne ya 19]]. San Marino ilibaki nchi isiyoegemea upande wowote wakati wa Vita vyote vya Dunia na inaendelea kufanya kazi kama mojawapo ya jamhuri kongwe zaidi zinazodumu duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Uchumi]] wa San Marino umeendelea sana na unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[viwanda]], [[fedha]], na [[utalii]]. Huo ni muhimu sana kutokana na usanifu wa kihistoria wa nchi hiyo, [[ngome]] za enzi za kati, na hadhi yake kama dola dogo, jambo linalovutia [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya watalii kila mwaka, wengi wao kutoka Italia na nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]]. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Viwanda]] vya [[uzalishaji]] vinajumuisha vigae vya kisanii, vifaa vya kielektroniki, nguo, divai, na kazi za mikono. Nchi hiyo hutumia [[euro]] kama [[sarafu]] yake kupitia makubaliano na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ingawa si mwanachama wake. <ref name="EU_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/san-marino/travel-and-study_en |title=EU Relations with San Marino |website=eeas.europa.eu |publisher=European External Action Service |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> San Marino ina mfumo wa [[serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya uwakilishi wa bunge]] wenye taasisi za kisiasa za pekee. Wakuu wa nchi ni Makapteni Regent wawili, ambao huchaguliwa kila baada ya miezi sita na [[bunge]]. <ref name="San_Marino_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/funzioni/i-capitani-reggenti.html |title=The Captains Regent: Functions and Role |website=consigliograndeegenerale.sm |publisher=Grand and General Council of San Marino |date=2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza [[Kiitalia]] na kitamaduni wana uhusiano wa karibu na [[Italia]], ingawa San Marino inadumisha utambulisho wake wa kitaifa pamoja na taasisi zake tofauti za kisheria na kisiasa. Nchi hiyo pia hushiriki katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Baraza la Ulaya]], na taasisi nyingine za kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Geo"/> ==Historia== San Marino inatajwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] yenye [[umri]] mkubwa kuliko zote duniani. Ilianzishwa na [[Wakristo]] waliokimbia [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] [[Diokletiano]] wakitafuta kimbilio [[mlima|mlimani]]. Kati yao, [[shemasi]] [[Marino shemasi|Marino]] na [[padri]] [[Leo]] ndio maarufu zaidi. Tangu hapo imefaulu kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake. Ndiyo sababu tangu mwaka [[2008]] imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kati ya mahali pa [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Demografia == Kufikia mwaka 2026, taifa hili dogo lina wakazi takriban 34,172.<ref name="GovStats">{{cite web |title=San Marino Population |publisher=Ufficio Informatica, Tecnologie e Statistica |url=https://www.statistica.sm |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> === Kabila === San Marino ina idadi ya watu yenye ufanano mkubwa wa kikabila ikiwa imezungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. Raia wa asili ya San Marino wanaunda idadi kubwa ya wakazi, wakiwa takriban 85% ya jumla ya watu. Asilimia iliyobaki ya 15% inajumuisha hasa raia wa [[Italia]] waliohamia ndani ya nchi hiyo kwa kazi au familia, pamoja na makundi madogo sana ya wahamiaji kutoka nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]] .<ref name="GovStats" /> === Lugha === [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya San Marino na inazungumzwa na wakazi wote. Hutumika katika shughuli zote za serikali, [[vyombo vya habari]], na taasisi za elimu.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=San Marino - The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, sehemu kubwa ya watu bado huzungumza Kisammarinese, [[lahaja]] ya kikanda inayotokana na tawi la lugha la [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name="CIA" /> === Dini === ==== Ukatoliki ==== [[Ukatoliki]] ndio dini kuu nchini San Marino, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya 90% ya watu. Dini hiyo imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika urithi wa kitamaduni wa taifa, sikukuu za kitaifa, na usanifu wa kihistoria. Ingawa Ukatoliki si [[dini rasmi]] ya taifa kisheria, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina uhusiano wa karibu sana wa kihistoria na serikali.<ref name="StateDept">{{cite report |title=2024 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino |publisher=United States Department of State |url=https://www.state.gov |access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> ==== Makundi madogo ==== Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, mtazamo wa kutoegemea dini moja umeongezeka ndani ya jamhuri; takriban 7% ya watu hujitambulisha kama [[wasio na dini]] au [[Ukanamungu|wasioamini Mungu]]. Kundi lililobaki linajumuisha makundi madogo ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Kiorthodoksi]], [[Mashahidi wa Yehova]], na [[Baha'i|Wabaha’i]].<ref name="StateDept" /> == Siasa == San Marino imetunza utaratibu wa [[serikali]] inayofanana na muundo wa [[jamhuri ya Roma]] ya kale. Serikali inaongozwa na watawala wawili ("Capitani Reggenti") wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miezi sita tu kama zamani [[konsuli]] wa Kiroma. Bunge linaitwa Halmashauri Kuu ("Consiglio Grande e Generale") likichaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano. Halmashauri inateua pia kamati ya watu 12 ("Consiglio dei XII") inayotekeleza kazi ya [[mahakama]]. Wananchi wote hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka kama mkutano mkubwa wa "Arengo" wakiamua juu ya matamko na mapendekezo kwa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:San Marino|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi ndogo sana]] [[Jamii:Urithi wa Dunia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] rgw3y7d6lioqlnivsioia3ic88f3k0d 0 3189 1545656 1539172 2026-05-18T15:34:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kuhusu|nchi|eneo kusini mwa Afrika|Afrika ya Kusini}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Afrika Kusini | jina_asili = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:85% | title = Majina mengine kumi rasmi<ref name="constitution">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf| title = The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf}}</ref> | {{Infobox | subbox=yes | bodystyle=font-weight:normal;font-size:80% | datastyle=font-style:italic | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Kizulu]]: | data1 = iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Kixhosa]]: | data2 = iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label3 = [[Kiafrikana]]: | data3 = Republiek van Suid-Afrika | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = [[Kipedi]]: | data4 = Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = [[Kisotho]]: | data5 = Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label6 = [[Kitswana]]: | data6 = Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label7 = [[Kitsonga]]: | data7 = Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga | rowclass8 = mergedrow | label8 = [[Kiswati]]: | data8 = iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika | rowclass9 = mergedrow | label9 = [[Kivenda]]: | data9 = Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe | rowclass10 = mergedrow | label10 = [[Kindebele]]: | data10 = iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika }} }} | kauli_mbiu = "''ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke''" ([[Kixam]])<br> "Watu anuwai huungana" | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Nkosi Sekelel' iAfrika" | bendera = File:Flag of South Africa.svg | matini_bendera = Bendera ya Afrika Kusini | nembo = File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg | matini_nembo = Nembo ya Afrika Kusini | ramani = File:ZAF orthographic.svg | maelezo_ramani = Mahali pa Afrika Kusini | ramani2 = File:South Africa relief location map.svg | matini_ramani2 = Ramani ya kijiografia ya Afrika Kusini | maelezo_ramani2 = Ramani ya kijiografia ya Afrika Kusini | mji_mkubwa = [[Johannesburg]] | mji_mkuu1 = [[Pretoria]] | aina_mji_mkuu1 = Utendaji | mji_mkuu2 = [[Cape Town]] | aina_mji_mkuu2 = Bunge | mji_mkuu3 = [[Bloemfontein]] | aina_mji_mkuu3 = Mahakama | serikali = [[Serikali ya kibunge|Jamhuri ya kibunge]] yenye [[rais]] mtendaji | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | kiongozi1 = [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Naibu Rais | kiongozi2 = Paul Mashatile | cheo_kiongozi3 = Mwenyekiti | kiongozi3 = Amos Masondo | cheo_kiongozi4 = Spika | kiongozi4 = Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula | cheo_kiongozi5 = Jaji Mkuu | kiongozi5 = Raymond Zondo | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka Ufalme wa Muungano ''' | tukio1 = Jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 31 Mei 1961 | tukio2 = Mwisho wa [[Apartheid]] | tukio2_tarehe = 4 Februari 1997 | eneo_jumla = 1,221,037 km² | maji = 0.380% | idadi_ya_watu = 62,027,503 | mwaka_watu = 2023 | sensa = 2022 | msongamano = | pato = {{ongezeko}} USD trilioni 1.038 | mwaka_pato = 2024 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{ongezeko}} USD 16,625 | pato_halisi = {{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 401.466 | pato_halisi_kwa_mtu = {{ongezeko}} USD 6,426 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | maendeleo = {{punguko}} 0.717 -{{juu}} | gini = 63.0 | mwaka_gini = | kabila = 81.4% [[Watu weusi|Weusi]]<br>8.2% [[Chotara|Machotara]]<br>7.3% [[Mzungu|Wazungu]]<br>2.7% [[Asia|Waasia]] | lugha_rasmi = {{Collapsible list | title = Lugha 12 rasmi | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-size:100% | [[Kiafrikana]] | [[Kiingereza]] | [[Kindebele]] | [[Kipedi]] | [[Kisotho]] | [[Kitswana]] | [[Lugha ya ishara]] | [[Kiswazi]] | [[Kivenda]] | [[Kixhosa]] | [[Kitsonga]] | [[Kizulu]] }} | fedha = Randi ya Afrika Kusini | majira_saa = +2 ([[Saa za Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini]]) | muundo_tarehe = mwaka/mwezi/siku | udereva = Kushoto | iso3166 = ZA | tld = .za | msimbo_simu = 27 }} '''Afrika Kusini''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Afrika Kusini''') ni nchi iliyoko katika sehemu ya kusini kabisa ya [[bara la Afrika]]. Inapakana na [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], na [[Zimbabwe]] kaskazini, [[Msumbiji]] na [[Eswatini]] kaskazini-mashariki, na inazunguka kabisa nchi ya [[Lesotho]]. Ikiwa na idadi ya watu wapatao milioni 60, inashika nafasi ya 24 kwa idadi ya watu duniani. Afrika Kusini ina [[mji mkuu|miji mikuu mitatu]]: [[Pretoria]], [[Cape Town]], na [[Bloemfontein]], huku [[Johannesburg]] ikiwa [[jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi na kitovu cha [[uchumi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=South Africa Demographics |url=https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/south-africa-demographics/|publisher=Worldometers|website=www.worldometers.com|access-date=2026-04-07}}</ref> Afrika Kusini inajulikana sana kwa utofauti wake wa kitamaduni, hali iliyoiwezesha kuitwa "Taifa la Upinde wa Mvua (''Rainbow nation''). <ref name="BrandSA_Rainbow">{{cite web |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/about-south-africa/history/south-africa-the-rainbow-nation |title=South Africa: The Rainbow Nation |website=Brand South Africa |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hii ina lugha rasmi kumi na moja, zikiwemo [[Kizulu]], [[Kixhosa]], [[Kiafrikana]], na [[Kiingereza]], zikionyesha jamii yake ya makabila na tamaduni mbalimbali. <ref name="CIA_WFB_SA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/ |title=South Africa - World Factbook |website=cia.gov |date=April 28, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110042951/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Afrika Kusini ni wenye asili ya [[Kiafrika]], huku kukiwa na jamii kubwa za [[Mzungu|Wazungu]], [[chotara|Wachotara]], na wenye asili ya [[Wahindi|Kihindi]]/Kiasia. <ref name="StatsSA_Census22">{{cite web |url=https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142022.pdf |title=Census 2022 Statistical Release |website=Statistics South Africa |date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Historia ya nchi hii yenye changamoto ya [[ukoloni]] na ubaguzi wa rangi imeathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa siasa na jamii ya sasa, huku jitihada zikiendelea kufanywa katika maridhiano, maendeleo, na utawala jumuishi. <ref name="Britannica_SA_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/History |author=Christopher Saunders |title=History of South Africa |website=Britannica |date=April 20, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> [[Afrika Kusini#Jiografia|Kijiografia]], Afrika Kusini ina mandhari mbalimbali, kutoka kwenye maeneo ya jangwa kavu kaskazini-magharibi hadi maeneo yenye unyevu wa kitropiki katika pwani ya mashariki. <ref name="CIA_WFB_SA"/> Nchi hii ina viumbe hai wengi na hifadhi nyingi za [[wanyamapori]], zikiwemo hifadhi maarufu kama [[Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Kruger]]. <ref name="SANParks_Kruger_Detail">{{cite web |url=https://www.sanparks.org/assets/docs/parks_kruger/tourism/kruger-guide-english.pdf |title=Kruger National Park Official Guide |website=South African National Parks |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aidha, ina rasilimali nyingi za madini kama [[dhahabu]], platinamu, na [[almasi]], ambazo zimekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika uchumi wake. <ref name="MineralsCouncil_Facts">{{cite web |url=https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/sa-mining/mining-in-sa |title=Mining in South Africa: Key Facts |website=Minerals Council South Africa |date=2025 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Leo, Afrika Kusini inachukuliwa kuwa taifa lenye uchumi wa [[Pato la taifa kwa kila mtu|kipato cha kati ya juu]] na nguvu kubwa katika kanda. <ref name="WorldBank_SA_Overview">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southafrica/overview |title=South Africa: Economic Overview and Development |website=World Bank |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Afrika Kusini}} Zamadamu waliishi katika eneo la Afrika Kusini tangu miaka milioni 3 iliyopita, inavyoshuhudiwa na [[akiolojia]]. [[Binadamu]] wameishi huko kwa miaka 170,000 mfululizo. Wakazi wa muda mrefu zaidi ni [[Wakhoikhoi]] na [[Wasani]], ambao wazagumzumza lugha ya [[jamii]] ya [[Khoi-San]]. Katika [[karne ya 4]] au [[Karne ya 5|ya 5]] walifika [[Wabantu]] ambao waliwazidi nguvu hao wa kwanza. === Koloni la Waholanzi kwenye Rasi === Chanzo cha Afrika Kusini kama nchi ni [[Koloni ya Rasi|Koloni la Rasi]] iliyoundwa na [[Waholanzi]] katika eneo la [[Cape Town]] kuanzia mwaka [[1652]]. Huko [[kabila]] jipya la [[Makaburu]] lilijitokeza kati ya [[walowezi]] [[Wazungu]] kutoka [[Uholanzi]], [[Ufaransa]] na [[Ujerumani]]. Lugha yao ilikuwa [[Kiholanzi]] iliyoanza kuchukua maneno ya [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiafrika]] na [[Kiingereza]] na kuendelea kuwa lugha ya pekee [[Kiafrikaans]]. Karne za kwanza za koloni la Kiholanzi ziliona pia kufika kwa [[watumwa]] kutoka [[Indonesia]] walioletwa kama [[wafanyakazi]] wa Waholanzi na Makaburu. Hao Waindonesia walikuwa [[chanzo]] cha [[jumuiya]] ya [[Uislamu]] kwenye [[rasi]]. Pia [[machotara]] walitokea kutokana na kuzaliana kati ya Makaburu na [[wanawake]] [[Waafrika]] na Waindonesia. Sehemu ya machotara hao wameingia katika jumuiya ya Makaburu na wengi wao wanapimwa kuwa na mababu Waafrika. Katika miaka ya baadaye [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliongezeka na watoto machotara wa Wazungu na Waafrika mara nyingi hawakukubalika; walianza kuishi kama kundi la pekee kati ya Waafrika na Wazungu, nao ni chanzo cha hao walioitwa baadaye "Cape Coloreds". === Milki za Waafrika na Mfecane === Sehemu kubwa ya eneo [[kaskazini]] kwa rasi ilikaliwa na makabila ya Waafrika. Mnamo mwaka [[1800]] falme na milki zilianza kutokea hapa. Mwanzo wa [[karne ya 19]] ni hasa [[Wazulu]] chini ya [[Shaka Zulu]] walioanza kuenea na kuwashambulia majirani katika [[vita vya Mfecane]]. Vita hivyo vilileta [[uharibifu]] mkubwa lakini vilisababisha pia kutokea kwa milki za [[Wasotho]] na [[Watswana]] na wengine walioiga mitindo ya Wazulu na kujenga ma[[dola]] yenye uwezo wa ki[[jeshi]]. === Kuingia kwa Uingereza na jamhuri za Makaburu === Mwaka [[1814]] Koloni la Rasi lilitwaliwa na Waingereza na kuwa sehemu ya [[Milki ya Uingereza]]. [[Utawala]] wa Waingereza ulisababisha [[uhamisho]] wa nje wa sehemu ya Makaburu waliotokana na Wazungu kutoka Uholanzi, Ufaransa na Ujerumani; Makaburu hao walihama kwenda kaskazini wakaanzisha [[jamhuri]] ndogo kati ya maeneo ya Waafrika ama kwa njia ya mapatano au kwa njia ya [[vita]]. Kati ya miaka [[1840]] na [[1850]] Waingereza waliwafuata Makaburu kwa kueneza maeneo yao hadi [[mto Oranje]]; waliteka jamhuri ya Kikaburu ya [[Natalia]] na kuanzisha koloni jipya la [[Natal]]. Jamhuri mbili za Makaburu ziliweza kustawi kwa miaka kadhaa ambazo zilikuwa jamhuri ya [[Dola Huru la Oranje]] upande wa kaskazini wa mto Oranje na jamhuri ya [[Transvaal]] (ilijiita pia Jamhuri ya Kiafrika ya Kusini) upande wa kaskazini wa [[mto Vaal]]. === Waafrika, Waingereza na Makaburu waligongana === Milki za Kiafrika zilitafuta njia zao kati ya [[himaya]] hizi za Wazungu ambao walikuwa na nguvu kutokana na [[silaha]] za kisasa. Wengine walitafuta [[uhusiano]] mzuri na Makaburu na kushikamana nao; wengine waliona Makaburu kama [[hatari]] wakatafuta uhusiano wa [[ulinzi]] na Waingereza. Mikataba kati ya Waingereza na milki za Kiafrika iliunda [[nchi lindwa]] zinazoendelea hadi leo kama [[nchi huru]] kama vile [[Botswana]] (Bechuanaland), [[Lesotho]] (Basutoland) na [[Uswazi]] (Swaziland). Katika [[miaka ya 1880]] [[almasi]] na [[dhahabu]] zilipatikana kwa wingi katika jamhuri hizi na kusababisha kufika kwa [[wachimbamadini]] wengi, hasa Waingereza, waliotaka kutajirika; Makaburu walisita kuwapa [[haki za kiraia]] kwa sababu waliogopa [[wageni]] wengi. [[Tatizo]] hilo lilisababisha vita vya Makaburu dhidi ya Uingereza na jamhuri za Makaburu zilitwaliwa na jeshi la Kiingereza hadi mwaka [[1902]] zikawa makoloni. === Karne ya 20: Muungano wa Afrika Kusini === Jitihada za kupatanisha Wazungu wa Afrika Kusini (yaani Waingereza na Makaburu) zilisababisha kuundwa kwa [[Muungano wa Afrika Kusini]] kama [[nchi ya kujitawala]] ndani ya Milki ya Uingereza. Waafrika kwa jumla hawakuwa na haki za kiraia katika nchi hiyo isipokuwa katika [[Jimbo la Rasi]] kama walikuwa na elimu na [[mapato]] ya kulipa [[kodi]] za kutosha. === Siasa ya Apartheid tangu 1948 === Baada ya [[vita kuu ya pili ya dunia]] Chama cha National kilichofuata [[itikadi kali]] ilipata [[kura]] nyingi na kuchukua [[serikali]] ya Afrika Kusini. Hapo ilianzisha mfumo wa ubaguzi wa rangi kwa jina la [[apartheid]]. Haki za wasio Wazungu zilipunguzwa zaidi. Maeneo ya Kiafrika yalitangazwa kuwa nchi za pekee chini ya [[usimamizi]] wa serikali ya Kizungu ya Afrika Kusini; kwa hiyo wananchi kutoka maeneo hayo hawakuwa tena na haki za kukata [[rufaa]] mbele ya [[mahakama]]; walipewa vibali vya muda tu kukaa kwenye miji. Waafrika walipaswa kutembea muda wote na [[pasipoti]] na vibali; [[ndoa]] na [[mapenzi]] kati ya watu wa [[rangi]] tofauti zilipigwa [[marufuku]]. [[Shule]] na [[makazi]] zilitenganishwa. Siasa hiyo ilisababisha [[farakano]] kati ya nchi nyingi za [[dunia]] na Afrika Kusini. [[Upinzani]] kutoka Uingereza na [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] ulisababisha kuondoka kwa Afrika Kusini katika jumuiya hiyo na kutangazwa kwa Jamhuri ya Afrika Kusini. === Afrika Kusini mpya === Mwaka 1990 Apartheid ilikwisha na serikali ya National Party ilipaswa kuendesha [[uchaguzi huru]] kwa wananchi wote na kukabidhi [[madaraka]] kwa serikali ya [[ANC]] chini ya [[Nelson Mandela]]. == Jiografia== Afrika Kusini iko katika ncha ya kusini ya bara la [[Afrika]] na ina jiografia ya asili yenye utofauti mkubwa unaojumuisha nyanda za juu, milima, [[tambarare]] za pwani, na maeneo ya ukame. Inapakana na [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Msumbiji]], [[Eswatini]], na kuizunguka kabisa [[Lesotho]]. Nchi ina pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] upande wa magharibi na [[Bahari ya Hindi]] upande wa mashariki, jambo linaloipa mazingira mbalimbali ya bahari na pwani. Eneo lake lote ni takriban kilomita za mraba milioni 1.22. Kitopografia, sehemu kubwa ya Afrika Kusini inatawaliwa na nyanda kubwa za ndani zinazojulikana kama ''Highveld'', ambazo zimetenganishwa na maeneo ya pwani na Mlima Mkubwa wa Escarpment. [[Milima ya Drakensberg]] upande wa mashariki ndiyo safu ya milima mirefu zaidi nchini, ikifikia zaidi ya mita 3,400. Sehemu ya magharibi ya ndani inajumuisha sehemu za [[Jangwa la Kalahari]], huku eneo la kusini-magharibi likiwa na eneo la ukame wa wastani lijulikanalo kama Karoo. [[Tambarare]] za pwani ni nyembamba zaidi upande wa Atlantiki na pana zaidi upande wa [[Bahari ya Hindi]], hasa katika [[jimbo la KwaZulu-Natal]]. Afrika Kusini ina [[hali ya hewa]] tofauti inayochangiwa na mwinuko na mikondo ya bahari. Nyanda za juu za ndani kwa ujumla zina hali ya hewa ya wastani yenye mvua za [[majira ya joto]], wakati maeneo ya pwani ya magharibi ni ya ukame zaidi kutokana na mkondo baridi wa Benguela. Pwani ya mashariki hupokea mvua nyingi zaidi na ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya kitropiki ya unyevunyevu zaidi. Mfumo wa mito ya nchi unajumuisha mito mikuu kama [[Mto Orange]], ambao ndio mrefu zaidi nchini Afrika Kusini, na [[Mto Limpopo]], unaounda sehemu ya mpaka wake wa kaskazini. Mifumo hii ya mito ni muhimu kwa kilimo, upatikanaji wa maji, na uzalishaji wa umeme wa maji. == Serikali na Utawala == Afrika Kusini ni [[shirikisho]]. [[Katiba]] mpya ya mwaka [[1997]] iliendeleza muundo huu uliundwa kama "Umoja wa Afrika Kusini" baada ya [[vita ya makaburu dhidi Uingereza]]. Afrika Kusini ya kale ilikuwa na majimbo manne: [[Jimbo la Rasi|Rasi]], [[Jimbo la Natal|Natal]], [[Dola Huru la Mto Orange]] na [[Transvaal]]. Maeneno makubwa yaliyokaliwa na Waafrika yalibaki nje katika katiba ya [[Apartheid]] yakiitwa [[bantustan]]s (au: ''homeland''). Katiba mpya ilichora mipaka upya. === Majimbo ya Afrika Kusini === [[Picha:South Africa Districts April 2006.png|thumb|300px|left|Ramani ya majimbo na wilaya za Afrika Kusini]] Mji mkuu wa jimbo watajwa katika mabano. # '''<font color=#E0E080>[[Rasi ya Magharibi]]</font color=#E0E080>''' (Western Cape)¹ ([[Cape Town]]) kifupi: WC # '''<font color=#E0A0C0>[[Rasi ya Kaskazini]]</font color=#E0A0C0>''' (Northern Cape) ([[Kimberley, South Africa|Kimberley]]) <small>kifupi:</small> NC # '''<font color=#E0E040>[[Rasi ya Mashariki]]</font color=#E0E040>''' (Eastern Cape) ([[Bhisho]]) <small>kifupi:</small> EC # '''<font color=#E04080>[[KwaZulu-Natal]]</font color=#E04080>''' ([[Pietermaritzburg]]²) <small>kifupi:</small> KZ, KZN or KN # '''<font color=#80C080>[[Dola Huru]]</font color=#80C080>''' (Free State) ([[Bloemfontein]]) <small>kifupi:</small> FS # '''<font color=#40C0C0>[[Kaskazini-Magharibi (jimbo la Afrika Kusini)|Kaskazini-Magharibi]]</font color=#40C0C0>''' ([[Mafikeng]]) <small>kifupi:</small> NW # '''<font color=#C1ABD7>[[Gauteng]]</font color=#C1ABD7>''' ([[Johannesburg]]) <small>kifupi:</small> GT or GP # '''<font color=#808040>[[Mpumalanga]]</font color=#808040>''' ([[Nelspruit]]) <small>kifupi:</small> MP # '''<font color=#008000>[[Limpopo]]</font color=#008000>''' ([[Polokwane]]) <small>kifupi:</small> LP ==Demografia== === Asili === Afrika Kusini ina idadi ya watu yenye tofauti nyingi za kitamaduni na kikabila, na mara nyingi hujulikana kama "''Taifa la Upinde wa mvua.''" Kwa mujibu wa makadirio ya hivi karibuni, [[Watu weusi|Waafrika]] wanaunda takriban asilimia 80.7 ya idadi ya watu, huku [[Chotara|Machotara]] — kundi la kikabila la watu wa mchanganyiko wa rangi, hasa wanaopatikana katika [[Rasi ya Magharibi|Cape Magharibi]] — wakifanya takriban asilimia 8.8. [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] wa Afrika Kusini, wengi wao wakiwa na asili ya [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kiingereza]] na [[Ulaya]] nyingine, ni karibu asilimia 7.9 ya idadi ya watu. [[Asia|Waasia]], hasa wenye asili ya [[Kihindi]] na [[Kichina]], wanawakilisha takriban asilimia 2.6. Afrika Kusini ina lugha rasmi kumi na moja, jambo linaloonyesha utofauti wake wa kikabila, na mila pamoja na tamaduni hutofautiana sana kati ya jamii mbalimbali. Licha ya historia tata iliyogubikwa na ukoloni na ubaguzi wa rangi, Afrika Kusini kwa sasa inakumbatia utambulisho wake wa tamaduni mbalimbali kama sehemu muhimu ya tabia yake ya kitaifa.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Ethnicity in South Africa|publisher=Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/South-Africa |accessdate=2025-04-29|lang=en}}</ref> === Lugha=== [[Lugha]] za kwanza zinazozungumzwa zaidi nchini Afrika Kusini ni [[Kizulu]] (22.7%), [[Kixhosa]] (16.0%), [[Kiafrikana]] (13.5%), [[Kisepedi]] (9.1%), [[Kitswana]] (8.0%), na [[Kiingereza]] (8.4%). Lugha nyingine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Kisotho]] (7.6%), [[Kitsonga]] (4.5%), [[Kiswati]] (2.5%), [[Kivenda]] (2.4%), na [[Kindebele]] (1.6%). Ingawa ni sehemu ndogo tu ya watu wanazungumza [[Kiingereza]] kama lugha ya kwanza, ndicho kinachotumika zaidi kwa mawasiliano rasmi na baina ya makabila mbalimbali, na karibu nusu ya wananchi wanaweza kukizungumza === Dini === [[File:Catholic Church, Kokstad.jpg|thumb|Kanisa la Katoliki, Kokstad]] Wengi (85.3%) ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mengi sana, hasa ya [[Uprotestanti]]; [[Wakatoliki]] ni 6.8%. [[Dini]] nyingine ni: [[Dini za jadi]] (7.8%), [[Uislamu]] (1.6%), [[Uhindu]] (1.1%) na [[Uyahudi]] (0.1%). Asilimia 3.1 ya watu hawana dini yoyote. === Afya === [[File:Somerset Hospital Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Hospitali ya Somerset , Cape Town]] Afrika Kusini ina mfumo wa afya uliostawi vizuri ikilinganishwa na nchi nyingi nyingine za [[Afrika]], ikiwa na mtandao imara wa hospitali za umma na [[kliniki]] binafsi. Mafanikio makubwa katika sekta ya afya ya umma ni pamoja na upanuzi wa mipango ya chanjo kwa watoto, kuboreshwa kwa huduma za afya ya mama na mtoto, na kuongezeka kwa wastani wa maisha. Hata hivyo, nchi bado inakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kiafya, ikiwemo kiwango kikubwa cha maambukizi ya VVU/[[UKIMWI]], kifua kikuu, na magonjwa yasiyoambukiza kama vile kisukari na shinikizo la damu. Mwaka 2015, kulikuwa na takriban watu milioni 7 waliokuwa wakiishi na VVU/UKIMWI, na kufikia mwaka 2018, asilimia 20.4 ya watu wazima wenye umri wa miaka 15–49 walikuwa wameathirika. Afrika Kusini pia imewekeza kwa kiasi kikubwa katika mipango ya matibabu ya kupunguza makali ya VVU na mageuzi ya huduma za afya yanayolenga kupunguza tofauti kati ya sekta ya umma na binafsi. Licha ya changamoto zinazoendelea, viashiria vya afya ya umma vimeonyesha maendeleo ya hatua kwa hatua katika kipindi cha muongo mmoja uliopita. === Miji Mikubwa === {{main|Orodha ya miji ya Afrika Kusini}} [[Picha:Sf-map.png|thumb|300px|left|Ramani ya Afrika Kusini]] Hii ifuatayo ni miji/manispaa/majiji kumi yenye wakazi wengi zaidi nchini. {|border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" ! Na. ! Manispaa au Jiji ! Wakazi (2001) ! Wakazi (1996) ! Asilimia ya badiliko<br /> 1996-2001 |- | 1. |[[Johannesburg]], [[Gauteng]] | 3,225,812 | 2,639,110 | 22.2% |- | 2. |[[Durban]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | 3,090,117 | 2,751,193 | 12.3% |- | 3. |[[Cape Town]], [[Rasi ya Magharibi]] | 2,893,251 | 2,563,612 | 12.9% |- | 4. |[[East Rand]], [[Gauteng]] | 2,480,282 | 2,026,807 | 22.4% |- | 5. |[[Pretoria]], [[Gauteng]] | 1,985,984 | 1,682,701 | 18.0% |- | 6. |[[Port Elizabeth]], [[Rasi ya Mashariki]] | 1,005,776 | 969,771 | 3.7% |- | 7. |[[East London]], [[Rasi ya Mashariki]] | 701,881 | 682,287 | 2.9% |- | 8. |[[Vereeniging]], [[Gauteng]] | 658,422 | 597,948 | 10.1% |- | 9. |[[Bloemfontein]], [[Dola Huru]] | 645,441 | 603,704 | 6.9% |- | 10. |[[Thohoyandou]], [[Limpopo]] | 584,469 | 537,454 | 8.7% |- |} ===Watu maarufu=== Kati ya watu mashuhuri sana wa Afrika Kusini ni: * [[Nelson Mandela]] aliyekuwa [[rais]] kati ya mwaka [[1994]] na mwaka [[1999]]. * [[Shaka Zulu]] aliyekuwa kiongozi wa kijeshi kabla ya [[ukoloni]] * [[Christiaan Barnard]], [[daktari]] wa kwanza duniani aliyehamisha [[moyo]] wa mtu kwa mtu mwingine. == Uchumi == [[Picha:Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|left|Johannesburg, Kitovu cha Uchumi wa Afrika Kusini]] Afrika Kusini ina [[uchumi]] mkubwa barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na [[Pato la taifa]] (PLT) la takriban dola bilioni 401.5 na PLT kwa [[Usawa wa Nguvu ya Ununuzi]] (PPP) la dola trilioni 1.038 kufikia mwaka 2023. Nchi hii imeainishwa kama [[uchumi]] wa kipato cha kati cha juu na ni nchi iliyoendelea zaidi [[Viwanda|kiviwanda]] barani [[Afrika]]. Sekta ya [[huduma]] inaongoza [[uchumi]], ikichangia takriban 61% ya [[Pato la taifa]], ikifuatiwa na sekta ya [[viwanda]] kwa 30% na [[kilimo]] kwa 9%. Sekta kuu za kiuchumi ni pamoja na uchimbaji [[madini]], utengenezaji bidhaa, fedha, na mawasiliano. Afrika Kusini ni mzalishaji mkubwa zaidi wa platinamu duniani, ikichangia zaidi ya 70% ya usambazaji wa kimataifa, na pia ni mzalishaji muhimu wa dhahabu, almasi, na makaa ya mawe. Hata hivyo, ukuaji wa [[uchumi]] unakua kwa kasi ndogo, ukiwa na kiwango cha ukuaji cha 0.6% mwaka 2023, kutokana na changamoto za kimuundo, uhaba wa nishati, na ukosefu mkubwa wa ajira. Nchi hii inakabiliwa na viwango vya juu vya ukosefu wa ajira, vilivyofikia 32.1% mwaka 2023, huku ajira kwa vijana ikiwa zaidi ya 60%. Kutokuwa na usawa wa kipato ni changamoto kubwa, huku [[Afrika ya Kusini]] ikiwa na [[Kiashiria cha Gini]] cha 63.0, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya jamii zenye pengo kubwa zaidi kati ya matajiri na maskini duniani. Takriban 55.5% ya wananchi wanaishi chini ya mstari wa umaskini wa kitaifa. Uchumi pia unaathirika sana na matatizo ya usambazaji wa umeme, ambapo shirika la umeme la taifa, Eskom, linakumbwa na kukatika kwa umeme mara kwa mara, hali inayopunguza uzalishaji wa viwanda na kuathiri ujasiri wa wawekezaji. Aidha, uwekezaji wa moja kwa moja wa kigeni (FDI) umepungua, huku mtiririko wa uwekezaji ukishuka hadi dola bilioni 2.9 mwaka 2023, ikilinganishwa na dola bilioni 4.6 mwaka 2019. Pamoja na changamoto hizi, Afrika Kusini inasalia kuwa kitovu cha kifedha kilichoendelea zaidi barani [[Afrika]], huku [[Soko la H hisa]] la Johannesburg (JSE) likiwa miongoni mwa masoko 20 makubwa zaidi duniani, likiwa na mtaji wa soko unaozidi dola trilioni 1. Nchi pia ni mshiriki muhimu wa [[BRICS]] na [[Eneo la Biashara Huru la Afrika]] (AfCFTA), likitoa fursa za [[biashara]] na uwekezaji. Sekta ya [[utalii]], inayochangia 7% ya [[Pato la Taifa]], ni chanzo kikuu cha mapato ya kigeni, ikivutia zaidi ya wageni milioni 10 kila mwaka. Juhudi za kupanua uchumi zinajumuisha kuwekeza katika nishati mbadala, ili kupunguza utegemezi wa makaa ya mawe, ambayo kwa sasa yanachangia 80% ya umeme nchini. Kupitia mageuzi yanayoendelea katika [[miundombinu]], [[nishati]], na [[teknolojia]] ya kidijitali, Afrika Kusini inalenga kufufua ukuaji wa [[uchumi]], kuboresha ajira, na kupunguza ukosefu wa usawa wa kipato katika miaka ijayo. == Siasa == [[File:Nelson Mandela.jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] Siasa za Afrika Kusini zinaendeshwa chini ya mfumo wa [[Serikali ya kibunge|jamhuri ya kibunge]] uliowekwa na Katiba ya mwaka 1996, iliyochukua nafasi ya mfumo wa enzi za [[Apartheid|ubaguzi wa rangi]] na kuanzisha utaratibu wa kidemokrasia wa kikatiba. <ref name="SA_Gov_Constitution">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/history |title=South Africa's Constitution and History |website=South African Government |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, na huchaguliwa na Bunge la Taifa. <ref name="CFR_SA_Politics">{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/south-africas-bold-and-shaky-democracy |author=Michelle Gavin |title=South Africa’s Bold and Shaky Democracy |website=CFR.org |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |date=April 24, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bunge la Afrika Kusini lina mabunge mawili, ambayo ni Bunge la Taifa na Baraza la Kitaifa la Mikoa, huku mahakama ikiwa huru na ikiongozwa na Mahakama ya Katiba, ambayo ndiyo mamlaka ya juu katika masuala ya kikatiba. <ref name="Britannica_SA_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Government-and-society |author=Christopher Saunders |title=South Africa: Government and society |website=Britannica |date=April 20, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Afrika Kusini ina mfumo wa vyama vingi vya siasa, ingawa Chama cha [[ANC|African National Congress (ANC)]] kimekuwa chama tawala tangu uchaguzi wa kwanza wa kidemokrasia mwaka 1994. <ref name="BBC_SA_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14094760 |title=South Africa country profile |website=BBC News |date=May 29, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Vyama vingine vikuu vya kisiasa ni pamoja na ''Democratic Alliance'' (DA), ''Economic Freedom Fighters'' (EFF), pamoja na vyama vya kikanda na vya kitaifa vya ukubwa mdogo. [[Uchaguzi]] hufanyika mara kwa mara katika ngazi ya kitaifa, mikoa, na serikali za mitaa kwa kutumia mfumo wa uwakilishi wa uwiano, unaowezesha vyama mbalimbali kupata uwakilishi bungeni. <ref name="IEC_Results">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Elections/National-And-Provincial-Elections-2024 |title=National and Provincial Elections 2024 |website=Electoral Commission of South Africa |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Masuala ya kisiasa nchini Afrika Kusini yanajumuisha ukosefu wa usawa wa [[Uchumi wa Afrika Kusini|kiuchumi]], ukosefu wa ajira, rushwa, utoaji wa huduma za umma, mageuzi ya ardhi, upungufu wa nishati, na uhalifu. <ref name="HRW_SA_2026">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/south-africa |title=World Report 2024: South Africa |website=Human Rights Watch |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi inaendelea kushughulikia athari za muda mrefu za ubaguzi wa rangi, ikiwa ni pamoja na tofauti za utajiri na upatikanaji wa huduma. Mijadala ya umma mara nyingi huzingatia mageuzi ya utawala, sera za uchumi, na haki za kikatiba, huku mashirika ya kiraia, vyama vya wafanyakazi, na vyombo vya habari vikiendelea kuwa washiriki muhimu katika maisha ya kisiasa. <ref name="FreedomHouse_SA">{{cite web |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/south-africa/freedom-world/2024 |title=Freedom in the World 2024: South Africa |website=Freedom House |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Afrika Kusini pia ina nafasi muhimu katika siasa za kikanda na kimataifa. Ni mwanachama wa mashirika kama [[Umoja wa Afrika]] (AU), [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), [[BRICS]], na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. <ref name="DIRCO_Foreign_Policy">{{cite web |url=https://www.dirco.gov.za/south-africas-foreign-policy/ |title=South Africa's Foreign Policy |website=Department of International Relations and Cooperation |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Sera ya nje ya nchi hiyo inasisitiza ushirikiano wa kikanda, maendeleo ya uchumi, ulinzi wa amani, na diplomasia ya kimataifa, ikionyesha nafasi yake kama moja ya mataifa yenye ushawishi mkubwa kisiasa na kiuchumi barani [[Afrika]]. <ref name="Britannica_SA_Gov"/> == Jeshi == Jeshi la Afrika Kusini ina silaha za kisasa kushinda nchi zote za majirani. Uchumi unawezesha nchi kutumia kiasi kikubwa kwa ajili ya jeshi kuliko nchi zote za Afrika kusini kwa [[Sahara]]. Afrika Kusini iliwahi kuwa na [[silaha za nyuklia]] lakini ilizibomoa baada ya mwaka [[1993]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Afrika Kusini]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin}} *''A History of South Africa, Third Edition''. Leonard Thompson. Yale University Press. 1 March 2001. 384 pages. ISBN 0-300-08776-4. *''Economic Analysis and Policy Formulation for Post-Apartheid South Africa: Mission Report, Aug. 1991''. International Development Research Centre. IDRC Canada, 1991. vi, 46 p. Without ISBN *''Emerging Johannesburg: Perspectives on the Postapartheid City''. Richard Tomlinson, et al. 1 January 2003. 336 pages. ISBN 0-415-93559-8. *''Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid''. Nigel Worden. 1 July 2000. 194 pages. ISBN 0-631-21661-8. *''South Africa: A Narrative History''. Frank Welsh. Kodansha America. 1 February 1999. 606 pages. ISBN 1-56836-258-7. *''South Africa in Contemporary Times''. [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]]. New Africa Press. February 2008. 260 pages. ISBN 978-0-9802587-3-8. *''The Atlas of Changing South Africa''. A. J. Christopher. 1 October 2000. 216 pages. ISBN 0-415-21178-6. *''The Politics of the New South Africa''. Heather Deegan. 28 December 2000. 256 pages. ISBN 0-582-38227-0. *''Twentieth-Century South Africa''. William Beinart. Oxford University Press 2001, 414 pages, ISBN 0-19-289318-1 {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} *[http://www.gov.za/ Government of South Africa] *{{CIA World Factbook link|sf|South Africa}} * [http://www.africa.com/south-africa/ South Africa] profile from [[Africa.com]] *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/southafrica.htm South Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/southafrica.htm |date=20081026035604 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/South_Africa}} *[http://www.oecd.org/southafrica/ South Africa] [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094760 South Africa] from the [[BBC News]] *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555568/South-Africa South Africa] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' *[http://www.southafrica.info/ SouthAfrica.info] *[http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/home South Africa Tourism] *{{wikiatlas|South Africa}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=ZA Key Development Forecasts for South Africa] from [[International Futures]] * [http://allafrica.com/southafrica/ South Africa in the news] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] nhvd8rr025o5xl1vc24iazod8nvq8k8 0 3425 1545786 1500379 2026-05-18T21:35:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biolojia''' ni [[sayansi]] asilia inayohusu [[utafiti]] wa uhai na [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]], kama vile [[mmea|mimea]], [[mnyama|wanyama]], [[kuvu]] (kama [[uyoga]]), [[bakteria]] na [[virusi]], na jinsi vinavyohusiana kati yao na katika [[mazingira]] yao, pamoja na [[muundo]] wao, [[kazi]], [[ukuaji]], [[asili]], ma[[geuko]], [[uenezi]], na [[nadharia]] ya [[uainishaji]].<ref>Kulingana na ufafanuzi kutoka Kamusi ya mradi wa Aquarena Wetlands.</ref> [[File:Biology-0001.jpg|thumb|Biolojia ni somo la viumbe hai na mwingiliano wao na mazingira.]] Miongoni mwa mada muhimu zaidi kuna [[kanuni]] unganishi [[tano]] ambazo zinasemekana kuwa misingi yenye hakika na dhahiri ya biolojia ya kisasa:<ref name="avila_biology">{{Rejea kitabu |author=Avila, Vernon L. | title = Biology: Investigating life on earth|url=https://archive.org/details/biologyinvestiga00avil |publisher=Jones and Bartlett |location=Boston |year=1995 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/biologyinvestiga00avil/page/11 11]–18|isbn=0-86720-942-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> # [[Seli]] ni vitengo vya msingi vya [[uhai]] # [[Spishi]] mpya na sifa bainishi za kurithiwa hutokana na mageuko # [[Jeni]] ni vitengo vya msingi vya [[urithi]] # Kiumbe kitadhibiti [[mazingira]] yake ya ndani kudumisha hali thabiti na imara # Viumbe hai hula na kugeuza [[nishati]]. Masomo madogo ya biolojia yanatumika kwenye msingi wa [[kipimo]] kinachotumiwa kufanya [[utafiti]] wa viumbe na [[mbinu]] zinazotumika kwa [[utafiti]] wao: * [[zoolojia]] inachunguza wanyama * [[botania]] inachunguza mimea * [[mikrobiolojia]] inachunguza bakteria na viumbehai vidogo sana. Tena kuna matawi mengine, kwa mfano: * [[biokemia]] huchunguza [[kemia]] isiyokomaa ya uhai; * biolojia ya [[molekuli]] huchunguza kuathiriana changamani kwa mifumo ya biolojia ya molekuli, biolojia ya seli huchunguza kijenzi msingi cha maisha yote, seli; * [[fiziolojia]] huchunguza [[shughuli]] za nje na za kemia za [[tishu]], [[viungo]] na mifumo ya viungo ya kiumbe hai; na * [[ikolojia]] huchunguza jinsi viumbehai kadhaa huathiriana na kushirikiana na mazingira yao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://community.weber.edu/sciencemuseum/pages/life_main.asp | title = Sayansi ya Maisha, Weber State Museum of Natural Science|accessdate=2010-10-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727182113/http://community.weber.edu/sciencemuseum/pages/life_main.asp |archivedate=2013-07-27 }}</ref> [[Lugha ya kisayansi]] katika biolojia inatumia maneno mengi ya asili ya [[Kigiriki]] na [[Kilatini]]. Lugha nyingi zimeingiza maneno haya tu katika msamiati wao; katika lugha kadhaa wataalamu wametafsiri sehemu ya maneno haya kwa lugha zao lakini kwa ujumla sehemu kubwa na majina ya kisayansi hufuata utaratibu wa Kigiriki na Kilatini. Wataalamu wengi huona ya kwamba viumbehai vyote hugawiwa katika sehemu au milki kubwa tatu: * [[Archaea]] * [[Bacteria]] * [[Eukaryota]] ::o [[Protista]] viumbe vyenye chembe kimoja to ::o [[Fungi]] au kuvu (kama vile uyoga) ::o [[Animalia]] au wanyama ::o [[Planta]] au mimea == Historia == {{Main|Historia ya biolojia}} [[Picha:Tree of life by Haeckel.jpg|thumb|"[[Mti wa Uzima]]" wa [[Ernst Haeckel]] ([[1879]])]] Neno ''[[wiktionary:biology|biolojia]]'' katika maana yake ya kisasa linaonekana kuwa lilianzishwa na [[Karl Friedrich Burdach]] ([[1800]]), [[Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus]] ''(Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur,'' [[1802]]), na [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] ''(Hydrogéologie,'' 1802).<ref> Junker ''Geschichte der Biologie,'' p8.</ref><ref> Coleman, ''Biolojia katika karne ya kumi na tisa,'' pp 1-2.</ref> Ni mchanganyiko wa zamani wa maneno ya [[Kigiriki]] βίος, ''bios,'' "uhai" na [[kiambishi tamati]] ''λογία'', -logia, "utafiti wa." Ingawa biolojia katika mtindo wake wa kisasa ni [[maendeleo]] ya hivi karibuni, sayansi zinazohusiana na zinazojumuishwa ndani yake zimechunguzwa tangu kale. [[Falsafa ya maumbile]] ilisomwa tangu siku za [[ustaarabu]] wa kale wa [[Mesopotamia]], [[Misri]], [[Bara Hindi]] na [[China]]. Hata hivyo, asili ya [[biolojia ya kisasa]] na [[mtazamo]] wake kwa utafiti wa viumbe mara nyingi hupata asili yake kwa [[Ugiriki ya Kale|Ugiriki wa kale.]]<ref>Magner, ''Historia ya Sayansi za Maisha'' </ref> Huku mafunzo rasmi ya [[udaktari]] yakiwa yalianza wakati wa [[Hippokrates]] ([[460 KK]] hivi - [[370 KK]] hivi), ni [[Aristotle]] ([[384 KK]] - [[322 KK]]) ambaye alichangia sana ustawisho wa biolojia. Muhimu hasa ni "Historia ya Wanyama" na kazi zake nyingine ambazo alionyesha [[mwelekeo]] wa [[mwanaviumbe]], na baadaye kazi za kijarabati zilizolenga usababisho wa kibiolojia na tofauti za uhai. [[Theophrastus]], [[mrithi]] wa Aristotle katika [[Lyceum]], aliandika mfululizo wa [[vitabu]] juu ya [[botania]] ambavyo vilisalia kama mchango muhimu zaidi wa mambo ya kale kwa sayansi za [[mimea]], hadi [[Zama za Kati|Karne za Kati]]. Maendeleo muhimu katika utafiti na ustawisho wa biolojia yalikuzwa kwa [[juhudi]] za ma[[daktari]] [[Waislamu]] kama vile [[msomi]] [[Mwafrika]] na [[Mwarabu]] [[al-Jahiz]] ([[781]]-[[869]]) katika [[zuolojia]], <ref> Mehmet Bayrakdar, "Al-Jahiz And the Rise of Biological Evolutionism", ''The Islamic Quarterly,'' Third Quarter, 1983, [[London|London.]]</ref>[[mwanabiolojia]] wa [[Wakurdi|Kikurdi]] [[Al-Dinawari]] ([[828]]-[[896]]) katika botania,<ref name="Fahd-815"> {{Rejea jarida|last=Fahd|first=Toufic|contribution=Botany and agriculture|page=815|ref=harv}} , katika {{Rejea kitabu |last1=Morelon |first1=Régis |last2=Rashed |first2=Roshdi |year=1996 | title = [[Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science]]|volume=3 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0415124107 |ref=harv |postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> na daktari wa [[Uajemi|Kiajemi]] [[Rhazes]] ([[865]]-[[925]]) katika [[anatomia]] na fiziolojia. [[Wanafalsafa]] hao walifafanua, kupanua, na kuboresha nadharia na utaratibu wa Kigiriki wa biolojia. Udaktari ulisomwa vizuri zaidi na wasomi wa Kiislamu waliofanya kazi katika [[mila]] za kifalsafa za Kigiriki, huku historia ya asili ikivutiwa sana na mawazo ya Aristotle, hasa katika kuunga mkono mfumo thabiti wa ngazi wa uhai. Biolojia ilianza kuendelea na kukua haraka baada ya uboreshaji mkubwa wa [[darubini]] na [[Antony van Leeuwenhoek]]. Hapo ndipo wasomi waligundua [[Bakteria|manii]] bakteria, infusoria na ugeni tu na tofauti ya maisha ya [[hadubini]]. [[Uchunguzi]] wa [[Jan Swammerdam]] ulileta [[maslahi]] mapya katika [[entomolojia]] ikajenga mbinu za msingi za kuchangua na kutia ma[[doa]] kwa hadubini.<ref>Magner, ''Historia ya Sayansi za Maisha,'' pp 133-144</ref> Maendeleo katika somo la hadubini pia yalikuwa na athari kubwa kwa kufikiri kibiolojia kwenyewe. Mapema katika [[karne ya 19]], wanabiolojia kadhaa waliashiria umuhimu mkuu wa [[seli]]. [[Mwaka|miaka]] ya [[1838]] na [[1839]], [[Schleiden]] na [[Schwann]] walianza kuendeleza mawazo kuwa (1) kitengo muhimu cha viumbe ni seli na (2) seli za binafsi zina sifa zote bainifu za uhai, ingawa walipinga wazo kwamba (3) seli zote hutokana na mgawanyiko wa seli nyingine. Kwa msaada wa kazi ya [[Robert Remak]] na [[Rudolf Virchow]], hata hivyo, katika [[miaka ya 1860]] wanabiolojia wengi walikubali kanuni zote tatu za kile kilichojulikana kama [[nadharia ya seli]].<ref> Sapp, ''Mwanzo,'' sura ya 7, Coleman, ''Biolojia katika karne ya kumi na tisa,'' sura ya 2</ref> Wakati huohuo, [[taksonomia]] na [[uainishaji]] vikawa viini katika utafiti wa historia ya asili. [[Carolus Linnaeus]] alichapisha taksonomia ya msingi kwa ajili ya [[ulimwengu]] wa asili mwaka wa [[1735]] (mabadiliko yake yametumika tangu wakati huo), na [[miaka ya 1750]] ilileta [[majina ya kisayansi]] ya spishi zake zote.<ref>Mayr, ''Ukuaji wa Mawazo ya Kibiolojia,'' sura ya 4</ref> [[Georges-Louis Leclerc]], [[Comte de Buffon]], walielezea spishi kama vikundi bandia na viumbe hai kama vya kufulika - hata wakipendekeza uwezekano wa asili ya pamoja. Ingawa alikuwa anapinga mageuko, Buffon ni kielelezo muhimu katika historia ya mawazo ya mageuko; kazi yake ilishawishi nadharia za mageuko za Lamarck na [[Charles Darwin|Darwin.]]<ref>Mayr, ''Ukuaji wa Mawazo ya Kibiolojia,'' sura ya 7</ref> Mawazo makubwa ya mageuko yalitokana na kazi ya Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Hata hivyo, ni mwanaviumbe [[Mwingereza]] [[Charles Darwin]], akiunganisha mtazamo wa [[jiografia]] kama inavyoathiriwa na biolojia wa [[Humboldt]], [[jiolojia]] ya kulingana ya [[Lyell]], maandishi ya [[Thomas Malthus]] juu ya ukuaji wa [[idadi ya watu]], na [[utaalamu]] wake mwenyewe wa ki[[mofolojia]], aliyeunda [[nadharia ya mageuko]] iliyokuwa na [[mafanikio]] zaidi iliyotokana na [[uteuzi asilia]]; mawazo sawa na [[ushahidi]] yalimfanya [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] kufikia uamuzi sawa.<ref>Mayr, ''Ukuaji wa Mawazo ya Kibiolojia,'' sura ya 10: "Ushahidi wa Darwin wa mageuko na asili ya pamoja", na sura ya 11: "Sababu ya mageuko: uteuzi asilia"; Larson, ''Mageuko,'' sura ya 3</ref> Ugunduzi wa uwakilishi wa kimwili wa urithi ulikuja pamoja na kanuni za mageuko na taaluma ya [[jenetiki]] inayohusu idadi ya watu. Katika [[miaka ya 1940]] na mwanzoni mwa [[miaka ya 1950]], majaribio yaliashiria kwa [[DNA]] kama sehemu ya [[kromosomu]] iliyoshikilia [[jeni]]. Kuzingatia viumbe vipya vya mfano kama vile [[virusi]] na [[bakteria]], pamoja na ugunduzi muundo maradufu wa [[helikali]] wa DNA mwaka wa [[1953]], kuliashiria mpito kwa enzi ya [[jenetiki ya molekiuli]]. Tangu miaka ya 1950 hadi sasa, biolojia imenyooshwa sana katika miliki ya molekiuli. [[Msimbo-jeni]] ulibanguliwa na [[Har Gobind Khorana]], [[Robert W. Holley]] na [[Marshall Nirenberg|Marshall Warren Nirenberg]] baada ya DNA kufahamika kuwa na [[kodoni]]. Mwisho, [[Mradi wa Jenomu ya Binadamu]] ulianzishwa mwaka wa [[1990]] na [[lengo]] la kuwa na [[ramani]] ya jumla ya [[jenomu]] ya [[binadamu]]. Kimsingi, [[mradi]] huu ulikamilika mwaka wa [[2003]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2940601.stm | title = BBC NEWS| Science/Nature | Human genome finally complete | accessdate=2006-07-22 | date = 2003-04-14}}</ref> hata hivyo uchambuzi zaidi bado unachapishwa. Mradi wa Jenomu ya Binadamu ilikuwa hatua ya kwanza katika [[jitihada]] jumla za kushirikisha [[elimu]] iliyokusanywa ya biolojia katika [[fasili]] ya molekiuli ya kutenda ya [[mwili]] wa binadamu na miili ya viumbe vingine. == Misingi ya biolojia ya kisasa == Biolojia ya kisasa inaweza kujumuishwa ndani ya kanuni tano unganishi: nadharia ya seli, mageuko, [[usomi - jeni]], [[homiostasisi]], na nishati.<ref name="avila_biology"/> === Nadharia ya seli === [[Picha:Epithelial-cells.jpg|thumb|left|Seli zinazokuza viini, madoa kwa keratini (nyekundu) na DNA (kijani)]] Nadharia ya seli inasema kwamba seli ni kitengo cha msingi cha maisha, na kwamba viumbe vyote hai vimetengenezwa kwa seli moja au zaidi au bidhaa zinazotoka kwenye seli hizo (mfano kauri). Seli zote hutoka kwenye seli nyingine kupitia mtengo wa seli. Katika viumbe vyenye seli nyingi, kila seli katika mwili wa kiumbe hatimaye hutoka kwenye seli moja katika yai lililorutubishwa. Seli pia inazingatiwa kuwa kitengo cha msingi katika taratibu nyingi za patholojia.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Mazzarello, P| title = A unifying concept: the history of cell theory|journal=Nature Cell Biology|volume=1|pages=E13–E15|year=1999|doi=10.1038/8964|pmid=10559875|issue=1|ref=harv}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, tukio la mtiririko wa nishati hutokea katika seli katika taratibu ambazo ni sehemu ya kazi inayojulikana kama [[umetaboli]]. Hatimaye, seli zina maelezo ya kurithiwa[[DNA|(DNA)]] ambayo hupitishwa kutoka seli hadi seli wakati wa mgawanyiko wa seli. === Mageuko === [[Picha:Mutation and selection diagram.svg|thumb|right|300px|Uteuzi asilia wa idadi kwa mpangilio wa rangi wa giza.]] {{Main|Mageuko ya spishi}} Dhana kuu ya maandalizi katika biolojia ni kwamba maisha hubadilika na kukua kwa njia ya mageuko, na kwamba viumbe vyote hai vinayojulikana vina asili ya pamoja. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck aliingiza mageuko kwenye msamiati wa kisayansi mwaka wa 1809, na<ref name="p15">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Packard |first=Alpheus Spring | title = Lamarck, the founder of Evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/lamarckfoundere05packgoog |year= 1901 |publisher= Longmans, Green. |location=New York |isbn=0405125623}}</ref> [[Charles Darwin]] akaithibitisha miaka hamsini baadaye kama nadharia yenye uwezo wa kujitegemea kwa kueleza msukumo wake kwa ufasaha: uteuzi asilia.<ref>[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html Kazi kamili za Darwin kwenye Mtandao - Tawasifu.] ''darwin-online.org.uk.'' Ilirejeshwa tarehe 15-12-2006.<br />{{Harvnb|Dobzhansky|1973}}</ref><ref>[34] ^ Kama msomi wa Darwin Joseph Carroll wa Chuo Kikuu cha Missouri-St. Louis anavyosema katika utangulizi wake wa uchapishaji upya wa kisasa wa kazi ya Darwin: ''"Mwanzo wa Spishi'' ni kazi tusiyoweza kuiasahau kwa urahisi. Ni moja ya kazi mbili au tatu muhimu zaidi maishani- moja ya kazi ambazo hubadilisha maono yetu ya dunia kimsingi na kwa kudumu... Imejadiliwa kwa uthabiti mkali lakini pia ina lugha ya kushawishi, inaleta ubunifu, na ina balagha. " {{Rejea kitabu | title = On the origin of species by means of natural selection|last= |first= |authorlink= |editor=Carroll, Joseph |year=2003 |publisher=Broadview |location= Peterborough, Ontario|isbn= 1551113376|page=[https://archive.org/details/onoriginofspecie0000darw_t8q4/page/15 15] |pages= |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofspecie0000darw_t8q4|accessdate= }}</ref> (Alfred Wallace Russel anatambuliwa kama mgunduzi mwenzi wa dhana hii kwa vile alisaidia kufanya utafiti na majaribio na dhana ya mageuko).<ref>Shermer ukurasa wa 149.</ref> Mageuko sasa yanatumika kuelezea tofauti kubwa ya uhai unaopatikana duniani. Darwin alitoa nadharia kwamba spishi na vizawa zilizo sitawisha kupitia taratibu za uteuzi asilia na uteuzi bandia au uzazi wa kuchagua.<ref> Darwin, Charles (1859). Kuhusu Mwanzo wa Spishi, 1, John Murray</ref> Mfumko wa jeni ulikubaliwa kama utaratibu wa ziada wa usitawi wa mageuko katika usanisi wa kisasa wa nadharia.<ref name="GGS">{{Rejea kitabu | last = Simpson | first = George Gaylord | author-link = George Gaylord Simpson | year = 1967 | title = The Meaning of Evolution| url = https://archive.org/details/meaningofevoluti0000simp | publisher = Yale University Press | edition = Second | isbn = 0300009526 }}</ref> Historia ya mageuko ya [[Spishi|spishi-inayoelezea]] sifa bainifu za spishi mbalimbali ambapo ilitoka-pamoja na uhusiano wake wa unasaba na kila spishi nyingine hujulikana kama filojeni yake. Mitazamo mbalimbali ya biolojia hutoa maelezo kuhusu filojeni. Haya ni pamoja na ulinganishi wa mfuatano wa DNA uliofanywa ndani ya biolojia ya molekiuli au usomi-jenomu, na ulinganishi wa [[Kisukuku|visukuku]] au rekodi nyingine za viumbe wa kale katika paleontolojia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bio-medicine.org/q-more/biology-definition/phylogeny/ | title = Filojenia kwenye bio-medicine.org|accessdate=2010-10-18 |archivedate=2013-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224700/http://www.bio-medicine.org/q-more/biology-definition/phylogeny/ }}</ref> Wana biolojia huandaa na kuchambua uhusiano wa mageuko kupitia njia mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na filojenetiki, fenetiki, na kladistiki. (Kwa muhtasari wa matukio muhimu katika mageuko ya maisha kama inavyoeleweka sasa na wana biolojia, angalia Muda wa mageuko.) <br /> Nadharia ya mageuko inadai kwamba [[Kiumbehai|viumbe]] vyote [[Dunia|duniani]], vyote vinavyoishi na vilivyokufa, vilitoka kwa jadi moja au mrundiko wa jeni wa nasaba. Inaaminika kuwa huyu mhenga wa pamoja wa viumbe vyote alionekana miaka bilioni 3.5 iliyopita.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | title = Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning| url = https://archive.org/details/lifeevolvingmole00duve_331 | author = De Duve, Christian | location = New York | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2002| page = [https://archive.org/details/lifeevolvingmole00duve_331/page/n60 44] | isbn = 0195156056}}</ref> Kwa jumla, wana biolojia wanazingatia kilimwengu na kuenea pote kwa msimbo-jeni kama ushahidi wa hakika wa kuunga mkono nadharia ya asili ya pamoja ya bakteria zote, akea, na [[Eukaryota|eukariyote]] (angalia: asili ya maisha).<ref name="Futuyma">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Futuyma, DJ| title = Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/evolution0000futu|year=2005|publisher=Sinauer Associates|isbn=978-0878931873|oclc=57311264 57638368 62621622}}</ref> === Usomi-jeni === {{Main|Jenetikia}} [[Picha:Punnett square mendel flowers.svg|left|thumb|Mraba wa Punnett ukifafanua kubadilishana kati ya mimea miwili ya punje zenye heterozigusi ya maua ya zambarau (B) na nyeupe (b)]] Jeni ni vitengo vya msingi vya urithi katika viumbehai vyote. Jeni ni kitengo cha urithi na kinafanana na sehemu ya [[DNA]] inayoathiri umbo au kazi ya kiumbehai kwa njia maalum. Viumbehai vyote, kutoka kwa bakteria hadi kwa wanyama, hushiriki utaratibu sawa wa msingi unaonakili na kutafsiri DNA kuwa [[protini]]. Seli hunakili jeni ya DNA kuwa toleo la RNA la jeni, na kisha ribosomu hutafsiri RNA kuwa protini, mfuatano wa asidi amino. Msimbo wa tafsiri kutoka kodoni ya RNA hadi asidi amino ni sawa kwa viumbehai vingi, lakini tofauti kidogo kwa baadhi. Kwa mfano, mfuatano wa DNA unaosimba kwa insulini kwenye binadamu pia utasimba kwa insulini wakati unaingizwa katika viumbehai vingine, kama vile mimea.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_33/b4046083.htm Kutoka SemBiosys, Aina Mpya ya Insulini] NDANI YA WALL STREET ya Gene G. Marcial (13 Agosti 2007)</ref><ref> http://www.i-sis.org.uk/gmSaffloweHumanPro-Insulin.php</ref> Kwa kawaida, DNA hutokea kama chromosomu ya mstari kwenye [[Eukaryota]], na chromosomu mviringo katika [[prokaryota]]. Chromosomu ni muundo wenye mpango unaojumuisha [[DNA]] na histoni. Seti ya chromosomu katika seli na maelezo mengine yoyote ya kurithiwa yanayopatikana katika mitokondria, chloroplasti, au maeneo mengine kwa pamoja yanajulikana kama jenomu yake. Kwenye eukariyoti, DNA ya jenomu iko katika kiini cha seli, pamoja na viasi vidogo katika mitochondria na chloroplasti. Katika prokariyoti, DNA imeshikiliwa ndani ya chembe cha kasoro kisicholingana katika sitoplazimu kiitwacho nyukliodi.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Thanbichler M, Wang S, Shapiro L | title = The bacterial nucleoid: a highly organized and dynamic structure| journal=J Cell Biochem |volume=96 |issue=3 | pages=506–21 |year=2005 |pmid=15988757 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.20519 |ref=harv}}</ref> Maelezo ya jeni katika jenomu yanawekwa ndani ya jeni, na mkusanyiko kamili wa maelezo haya katika kiumbehai unaitwa aina-jeni yake.<ref[http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8472 Ufafanuzi wa Jenotaipu - Ufafanuzi wa Kamusi ya Uuguzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8472 |date=20130921054803 }}</ref> === Homiostasisi === {{Main|Homeostasisi}} Homiostasisi ni uwezo wa mfumo wazi kudhibiti mazingira yake ya ndani kudumisha hali thabiti kupitia urekebishaji mwingi wa msawazo mwendo unaodhibitiwa na taratibu zinazohusiana za kanuni. [[Kiumbehai|Viumbehai]] vyote, kama vina seli moja au seli nyingi, hudhihirisha homiostasisi.<ref>Kelvin Rodolfo, [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-homeostasis Maelezo ya Homiostasisi kwenye scientificamerican.com] . Ilirudishwa 16 Oktoba 2009.</ref> Ili kudumisha msawazo mwendo na kufanya kazi fulani kwa ufanisi, ni lazima mfumo wa ugundue na ujibu usumbufu. Baada ya kugundua usumbufu, kwa kawaida mfumo wa bayolojia utajibu kwa maoni hasi. Hii ina maana aidha kupunguza au kuongeza shughuli za kiungo au mfumo ili kudhibiti hali. Mfano mmoja ni kutoa glukagoni wakati viwango vya sukari ni vidogo mno. === Nishati === {{Main|Nishati}} [[Picha:Energy and life.png|thumb|240px|left|Muhtasari wa Msingi wa nishati na maisha ya binadamu.]] Maisha ya viumbehai yanategemea pembejeo isiosita ya [[Nishati|nishati.]] Mmenyuko wa kemikali zenye wajibu wa muundo na kazi yake zimerekebishwa kutoa nishati kutoka kwenye dutu zinazofanya kazi kama chakula chake na kuzibadilisha kusaidia kuunda seli mpya na kuzihimili. Katika mchakato huu, [[Molekuli|molekiuli]] za dutu za kemikali zilizo na [[chakula]] huwa na kazi mbili, kwanza, zina nishati ambayo inaweza kubadilishwa kwa mmenyuko wa kibaiolojia wa kemikali; pili, zinakuza miundo mipya ya molekiuli iliyotengenezwa na biomolekiuli. Viumbe vyenye jukumu la kuingiza nishati katika mfumo ikolojia hujulikana kama wazalishaji au autotrofu. Karibu viumbehai hivi vyote huteka nishati kutoka kwa jua.<ref name="bryantfrigaard">{{Rejea jarida | author = D.A. Bryant & N.-U. Frigaard |month=Novemba | year = 2006 | title = Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated| journal = Trends Microbiol | volume = 14 | issue = 11 | pages=488 | doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001 | pmid = 16997562 | ref = harv }}</ref> Mimea na fototrofu nyingine hutumia nishati ya jua kupitia mchakato unaojulikana kama [[Usanisinuru|usanidinuru]] kubadili malighafi kuwa molekiuli ya ogani, kama vile ATP, yenye viunganishi vinavyoweza kuvunjwa kutoa nishati.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author=Smith, A. L. | title = Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology|url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_e9s4 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=1997 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_e9s4/page/508 508] |isbn=0-19-854768-4 |quote=Photosynthesis - the synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than the oxidation of chemical compounds.}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mifumo ikolojia michache, hutegemea kabisa nishati iliyoondolewa na kemotrofu kutoka kwa methani, salfaidi, au chimbuko zingine zisizong'aa za nishati.<ref> Katrina Edwards. ''Mikrobiolojia ya Bwawa la Masimbi na Utiko ulio Mbichi, Baridi na wenye haidrolojia hai.'' Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank''Taasisi ya Taaluma ya Bahari ya Woods Hole.'' </ref> Baadhi ya nishati iliyopatikana hutumika kuzalisha uzitohai ili kuhimili maisha na kutoa nguvu kwa ajili ya ukuaji na usitawi. Nyingi kati ya nishati hii inayosalia hupotea kama molekiuli za joto na taka. Michakato muhimu zaidi kwa kugeuza nishati iliyonaswa katika dutu za kemikali kuwa nishati muhimu kwa kuhimili maisha niumetaboli<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author=Campbell, Neil A. and Reece Jane B| title = Biology|publisher=Benjamin Cummings |year=2001 |chapter=6|isbn=978-0805366242 |accessdate= 2008 |oclc=47521441 48195194 53439122 55707478 64759228 79136407}}</ref> na upumuaji wa seli.<ref name="Colvard, 2009">[59] ^ Bartsch / ''Colvard, Mazingira Hai.'' (2009) Jarida la Prentice Hall Regents wa Jimbo la New York. Lilirudishwa tarehe 16 Oktoba 2009.</ref> == Utafiti == === Muundo === [[Picha:biological cell.svg|thumb|300px|Mchoro wa mfano wa seli ya mnyama unaoonyesha organeli na miundo mbalimbali: 1. Nukleoli, 2. Kiini, 3. Ribosoma, 4. Vesikulo, 5. Retikulo isiyo laini plasmani, 6. Gimba la Golgi, 7. Kiunzi cha seli, 8. Retikulo laini plasmani, 9. Mitokondria, 10. Vakuolo, 11. Sitosoli, 12. Lisosoma, 13. Sentrioli.]] {{Main|Biolojia ya molekuli|Biolojia ya seli}} Biolojia ya molekiuli ni utafiti wa biolojia katika kiwango cha molekiuli.<ref>[61] ^ [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Molecular_biology Biolojia ya Molekiuli - Ufafanuzi kutoka baiolojia-online.org]</ref> Uwanja huu wa kitaaluma unalingana na maeneo mengine ya biolojia, hasa na usoni-jeni na [[Biokemia|biokemia.]] Biolojia ya molekiuli inajihusisha hasa na kuelewa mwingiliano kati ya mifumo mbalimbali ya seli, ikiwa ni pamoja na uhusiano baina ya DNA, RNA, na usanisi wa protini na kujifunza jinsi mwingiliano huu unadhibitiwa. Biolojia ya seli inafanya utafiti wa sifa za muundo na za fiziolojia za [[Seli|seli]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[tabia]] zao, mahusiano, na mazingira. Hii hufanyika katika viwango vya hadubini na [[Molekuli|molekiuli]], kwa viumbe vyenye seli moja kama vile bakteria pamoja na seli maalumu katika viumbe vyenye seli nyingi kama vile [[binadamu]]. Kuelewa muundo na kazi ya seli ni msingi kwa sayansi zote za biolojia. Mifanano na tofauti kati ya aina za seli ni muhimu hasa kwa biolojia ya molekiuli. [[Anatomia]] huzingatia maumo ya miundo yenye kuonekana kama vile viungo na mifumo ya viungo.<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/107/1.html "Anatomia ya Mwili wa Binadamu."] toleo la 20. 1918. Henry Gray.</ref> Jenetikia ni sayansi ya jeni, urithi, na tofauti za viumbehai.<ref name="griffiths2000sect60">{{Rejea kitabu |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart | title = An Introduction to Genetic Analysis|year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.60 |chapter=Genetics and the Organism: Introduction |author=Anthony J. F. Griffiths .... |editor-first=William M.}}</ref><ref name="Hartl_and_Jones"> Hartl D, Jones E (2005) </ref> Jeni husimba maelezo muhimu kwa kusanisi protini, ambayo kwa upande mwingine huwa na jukumu kubwa katika kuathiri (ingawa, mara nyingi, si kuamua kabisa) fenotaipu ya mwisho ya kiumbehai. Katika utafiti wa kisasa, usomi-jeni hutoa nyenzo muhimu katika uchunguzi wa kazi ya jeni maalumu, au uchambuzi wa mwingiliano wa jeni. Ndani ya viumbehai, maelezo ya jeni kwa jumla hubebwa katika kromosomu, ambako yanawakilishwa katika muundo wa kemikali wa [[molekiuli]] hasa za [[DNA]]. Biolojia ya ustawi huchunguza utaratibu wa viumbehai wa kukua na kusitawi. Biolojia ya usitawi ya kisasa iliyopata asili yake katika embriolojia, huchunguza udhibiti wa jeni wa ukuaji wa seli, upambanuzi, na "mofojenesi," ambao ni utaratibu ambao ni chanzo cha tishu, viungo, na [[anatomia]]. Viumbehai mtindo vya biolojia ya usitawi ni pamoja na nematodi '' Caenorhabditis elegans,'' <ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Brenner, S. |year=1974 |month=Mei |url=http://dev.wormbase.org/papers/31_Brenner74.pdf | title = The Genetics of ''Caenorhabditis elegans''|journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |volume=77 |pages=71–94 |format=PDF |ref=harv |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-date=2007-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705234120/http://dev.wormbase.org/papers/31_Brenner74.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> nzi-tunda ''Drosophila melanogaster,'' <ref name="Encyclopedia of genetics">{{cite encyclopedia |last= |first= |author=James H. Sang |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor=Eric C. R. Reeve |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of genetics |title=Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=JjLWYKqehRsC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&dq=drosophila+eggs+day+lifetime&source=bl&ots=V5BTOFQFeh&sig=JYiRArLjNyJy8SJylcncC26hh08&hl=en&ei=wTtLSpPOF4nENrTSwLgC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 |accessdate=2009-07-01 |edition= |date=2001-06-23 |year= |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, I |volume= |location=USA |id= |doi= |pages=157 |quote= }}</ref> samakimilia ''Danio rerio,'' <ref>{{Rejea jarida | title = Large scale genetics in a small vertebrate, the zebrafish|journal=Int. J. Dev. Biol. |volume=40 |pages=221–7 |year=1996 |pmid=8735932 |url=http://www.intjdevbiol.com/paper.php?doi=8735932 |author1=Haffter P |author2=Nüsslein-Volhard C |author-separator=, |issue=1 |ref=harv |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-date=2016-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312163430/http://www.intjdevbiol.com/paper.php?doi=8735932 |url-status=dead }}</ref> panya ''Mus musculus,'' <ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Keller G |title=Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in biology and medicine |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=1129–55 |year=2005 |pmid=15905405 |url=http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/19/10/1129.long |doi=10.1101/gad.1303605 |ref=harv |archive-date=2021-04-12 |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412121748/http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/19/10/1129.long |url-status=dead }}</ref> , na gugu ''Arabidopsis thaliana.'' <ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Rensink WA, Buell CR | title = Arabidopsis to rice. Applying knowledge from a weed to enhance our understanding of a crop species|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_plant-physiology_2004-06_135_2/page/622 |journal=Plant Physiol. |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=622–9 |year=2004 |pmid=15208410 |doi=10.1104/pp.104.040170 |pmc=514098 |ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Coelho SM, Peters AF, Charrier B, ''et al'' | title = Complex life cycles of multicellular eukaryotes: new approaches based on the use of model organisms|journal=Gene |volume=406 |issue=1-2 |pages=152–70 |year=2007 |pmid=17870254 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2007.07.025 |ref=harv}}</ref> (Kiumbehai mtindo ni [[spishi]] inayochunguzwa sana kuelewa ishara maalum za biolojia, kwa matumaini kuwa uvumbuzi utakaofanywa katika kiumbehai hicho utatoa umaizi katika utendaji kazi wa viumbehai vingine).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Fields S, Johnston M | title = Cell biology. Whither model organism research?|journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5717 |pages=1885–6 |year=2005 |month=Mar |pmid=15790833 |doi=10.1126/science.1108872 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/307/5717/1885 |ref=harv}}</ref> === Fiziolojia === {{Main|Fiziolojia}} Fiziolojia huchunguza utaratibu wa umakanika, kimwili, na wa biokemikali wa viumbehai kwa kujaribu kuelewa jinsi miundo yote hutenda kazi kama pamoja. Mada ya "muundo kwa kazi" ni kuu katika biolojia. Tangu jadi, utafiti wa fiziolojia umegawanyika katika fiziolojia ya mimea na fiziolojia ya wanyama, lakini baadhi ya kanuni za fiziolojia ni za kuenea pote, bila kuzingatia [[kiumbehai]] hasa kinachochunguzwaa. Kwa mfano, yale unayojifunza kuhusu fiziolojia ya seli za chachu yanaweza pia kutumika kwa seli za binadamu. Uwanja wa kitaaluma wa fiziolojia ya wanyama unaeneza zana na mbinu za fiziolojia ya binadamu hadi kwa spishi zisizo za binadamu. Fiziolojia ya mimea hukopa mbinu kutoka kwa maeneo yote ya utafiti. Fiziolojia huchunguza jinsi kwa mfano mifumo ya neva, kinga, endokrini, kupumua, na usambazaji inavyofanya kazi na kuathiriana. Uchunguzi wa mifumo hii unashirikiwa na taaluma zingine mahsusi za udaktari kama vile nyurolojia na elimu ya kingamaradhi. === Mageuko === Utafiti wa mageuko unahusu asili na ukoo wa [[Spishi|spishi]], ikiwa ni pamoja na mabadiliko yao baada ya muda, na inajumuisha wanasayansi kutoka taaluma zingine mahsusi za taksonomia. Kwa mfano, kwa jumla inahusisha wanasayansi wenye mafunzo maalum katika [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] hasa kama vile mammalojia, ornitholojia, [[Botania|botania]], au herpetolojia, lakini hutumia viumbehai hivyo kama mifumo ya kujibu maswali ya kawaida kuhusu mageuko. Sehemu moja ya biolojia ya mageuko inategemea paleontolojia, ambayo inatumia kumbukumbu za [[kisukuku]] kujibu maswali kuhusu mtindo na mwendo wa mageuko,<ref name="Jablonski">{{Rejea jarida |author=Jablonski D | title = The future of the fossil record|journal=Science |volume=284 |issue=5423 |pages=2114–16 |year=1999 |pmid=10381868 |doi=10.1126/science.284.5423.2114 |ref=harv }}</ref> na sehemu nyingine maendeleo katika taaluma kama viletaaluma ya jenetiki inayohusu idadi ya watu<ref>[83] ^ John H. Gillespie Usomi-Jeni wa Idadi: Mwongozo Mfupi, Johns Hopkins Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8018-5755-4.</ref> na nadharia ya mageuko. Katika miaka ya 1980, biolojia ya usitawi iliingia upya katika biolojia ya mageuko baada ya kutngwa hapo awali kutoka kwa usanisi wa kisasa kupitia utafiti wa biolojia ya maendeleo ya mageuko.<ref>[84] ^ Vassiliki Betta Smocovitis Biolojia ya Kuunganisha: usanisi wa mageuko na biolojia ya mageuko ISBN 0-691-03343-9.</ref> Nyuga zinazohusiana ambazo mara nyingi huzingatiwa kama sehemu ya baiolojia ya mageuko ni filojenetiki, utafiti wa mifumo, na taksonomia. === Utafiti wa mifumo === {{PhylomapB|caption=A [[phylogenetic tree]] of all living things, based on [[rRNA]] [[gene]] data, showing the separation of the three domains [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[archaea]], and [[eukaryote]]s as described initially by [[Carl Woese]]. Trees constructed with other genes are generally similar, although they may place some early-branching groups very differently, presumably owing to rapid rRNA evolution. The exact relationships of the three domains are still being debated.}} Matukio mbalimbali ya uibukaji wa spishi mpya huunda mfumo wenye muundo wa mti wa uhusiano kati ya spishi. Wajibu wa utafiti wa mifumo ni kuchunguza uhusiano huu na hivyo tofauti na mifanano kati ya spishi na vikundi vya spishi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | last = Neill | first = Campbell | authorlink = | title = Biology; Fourth edition | publisher = [[The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company]] | series = | year = 1996 | doi = | isbn = 0-8053-1940-9 | page = G-21 (Glossary)}}</ref> Hata hivyo, utafiti wa mifumo ulikuwa uga hai wa utafiti muda mrefu kabla ya mawazo ya mageuko hayajakuwa ya kawaida.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | last = Douglas | first = Futuyma | authorlink = | title = Evolutionary Biology; Third edition | publisher = [[Sinauer Associates]] | series = | year = 1998 | doi = | isbn = 0-87893-189-9 | page = 88}}</ref> Uainishaji, taksonomia, na utaratibu wa majina wa viumbehai vya biolojia unasimamiwa na Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya Kizoolojia, Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya Kibotania, na Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya Bakteria kwa wanyama, mimea, na bakteria, mtawalia. Uanishaji wa virusi, viroidi, prioni, na ajenti wengine wote wadogo wa virusi wanaoonyesha sifa bainifu za kibiolojia unafanywa na Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Uainishaji na Utaratibu wa majina ya Virusi.<ref>[91] ^ [http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp Taksonomia ya Virusi ya ICTV 2009] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp |date=20131004225742 }}</ref><ref>[92] ^ [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_pospi.htm "80.001 Popsiviroidae - ICTVdB Kielezo cha Virusi."] (Tovuti.) Tovuti ya Mashirika ya Afya ya Marekani. Ilirejeshwa tarehe 28-10-2009.</ref><ref> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_prion.htm "90.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_prion.htm Prions - ICTVdB Kielezo cha Virusi. "] (Tovuti.) Tovuti ya Mashirika ya Afya ya Marekani. Ilirejeshwa tarehe 28-10-2009.</ref><ref> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_satel.htm "81.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_satel.htm Satelaiti - ICTVdB Kielezo cha Virusi. "] (Tovuti.) Tovuti ya Mashirika ya Afya ya Marekani. Ilirejeshwa tarehe 28-10-2009.</ref> Hata hivyo, mifumo mingine kadhaa ya uainishaji wa virusi ipo. Kimapokeo, viumbe hai vimegawanywa katika jamii tano: Monera; [[Protista]]; [[Kuvu|Fungi;]] [[Mmea|Plantae]]; [[Mnyama|Animalia]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Margulis|first=L|coauthors=Schwartz, KV|authorlink=Lynn Margulis| title = Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth|edition=3rd|publisher= WH Freeman & Co|location=|year=1997|isbn=978-0716731832|series=|oclc=223623098 237138975}}</ref> Hata hivyo, wanasayansi wengi sasa wanafikiria kuwa mfumo huu wa jamii tano umepitwa na wakati. Mifumo mbadala ya kisasa ya uainishaji kwa jumla huanza na mfumo wa miliki tatu: Akea (awali Akeabakteria); Bakteria (awali yukabakteria); [[Eukaryota|Yukariyota]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Protista|protisti]], kuvu, mimea, na [[Mnyama|wanyama]])<ref name="domain">{{Rejea jarida | author = Woese C, Kandler O, Wheelis M | title = Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya| url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576 | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 87 | issue = 12 | pages = 4576–9 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2112744 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576 | pmc = 54159 | ref = harv | access-date = 2010-10-18 | archive-date = 2008-06-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080627233102/http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Miliki hizi huakisi kama seli zina viini au la, pamoja na tofauti katika vijenzi vya kemikali vya nje ya seli.<ref name="domain"/> Aidha, kila jamii inavunjwa mara kwa mara hadi kila spishi tofauti inaainishwa mbali mbali. Utaratibu ni: Miliki, Jamii; Ukoo, Kategoria, Aina, [[Familia (biolojia)|Familia]], [[Jenasi]]; [[Spishi|Spishi.]] Pia kuna mfululizo wa vimelea vya ndani ya seli vilivyo kwenye "ukingo wa maisha"<ref>Rybicki Ep (1990) "Uainisho ya viumbe katika makali ya maisha, au matatizo ya utaratibu wa virusi." ''S Aft J Sci'' 86:182-186</ref> katika shughuli za metaboli, kumaanisha kuwa wanasayansi wengi hawaainishi miundo hii kama hai, kutokana na ukosefu wao wa moja au zaidi ya kazi za msingi ambazo huelezea sifa bainifu za maisha. Vinaainishwa kama virusi, viroidi, prioni, au setilaiti. Jina la kisayansi la kiumbehai linatoka kwenye jenasi na spishi yake. Kwa mfano, binadamu wataorodheshwa kama ''Homo sapiens.'' ''Homo'' itakuwa jenasi na ''sapiens'' ni spishi. Unapoandika jina la kisayansi la kiumbehai, ni sahihi kuandika herufi ya kwanza katika jenasi kwa herufi kubwa na kuandika spishi zote kwa herufi ndogo. Zaidi ya hayo, neno lote litapigwa chapa kwa herufi mlazo au litapigwa mstari.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | url = http://books.google.com/?id=hVUU7Gq8QskC&lpg=PA198&dq=species%20epithet%20capitalize&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q=species%20epithet%20capitalize | pages = 198 | title = Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentation| author = Heather Silyn-Roberts | year = 2000 | isbn = 0750646365 | publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann | location = Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url = http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/frameset/0065Ch7OaGoNSec1a60.htm#recF | title = Recommendation 60F| work = [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]], Vienna Code | year = 2006 | pages = 60F.1}}</ref> Mfumo wa kutawala wa uainishaji unaitwa taksonomia ya Linnaean, ambayo ni pamoja na vyeo na utaratibu wa majina wa vipeo. Jinsi ya kupatia viumbehai majina inadhibitiwa na mikataba ya kimataifa kama vile Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya kibotaniki (ICBN), Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya Kizoolojia (ICZN), na Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Utaratibu wa majina ya Bakteria (ICNB). Rasimu unganishi, BioCode, ilichapishwa mwaka wa kusanifisha utaratibu wa majina katika maeneo haya matatu, lakini bado haijakubaliwa rasmi.<ref>{{cite conference | title=The BioCode: Integrated biological nomenclature for the 21st century? | booktitle=Proceedings of a Mini-Symposium on Biological Nomenclature in the 21st Century | author=John McNeill | date=1996-11-04}}</ref> Rasimu ya BioCode imepokea usikivu mdogo tangu mwaka wa 1997; tarehe yake ya utekelezaji iliyopangwa awali ya 1 Januari 2000, imepita bila kutambuliwa. Hata hivyo, jarida la mwaka wa 2004 juu ya sianobakteria linatetea kukubaliwa kwa Kanuni za Biolojia na hatua za muda zinazojumuisha kupunguza tofauti baina ya kanuni.<ref name="oren"> {{Rejea jarida |author=Ahoren Oren |year=2004 | title = A proposal for further integration of the cyanobacteria under the Bacteriological Code |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume=54 |pages=1895–1902 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.03008-0 |pmid=15388760 |issue=Pt 5 |ref=harv }}</ref> Kanuni ya Kimataifa ya Uainishaji na Utaratibu wa majina ya Virusi (ICVCN) bado haijajumuishwa ndani ya Kanuni za Biolojia. === Ikolojia === {{Main|Hifadhi ya mazingira}} Ikolojia inachunguza uenezi na wingi wa viumbehai, na uhusiano kati ya viumbehai na mazingira yao.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Begon |first=M. |coauthors= Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. L. | title = Ecology: From individuals to ecosystems. (4th ed.)|url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyfromindiv0000beg |year=2006 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=1405111178 }}</ref> Makazi ya kiumbehai na yanaweza kuelezwa kama sababu za vitu visivyo hai za mahali maalum kama vile hali ya hewa na ikolojia, pamoja na viumbehai vingine na sababu za vitu hai vinavyoshiriki mazingira yake.<ref name="habitats_of_the_world">{{Rejea kitabu | title = Habitats of the world| year = 2004 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=U-_mlcy8rGgC&pg=PA238 | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7614-7523-1 | pages = 238 }}</ref> Sababu moja kwamba mifumo ya kibiolojia inaweza kuwa migumu kuchunguza ni kwamba uhusiano mwingi na viumbehai wengine na mazingira yanawezekana, hata kwa mizani midogo kabisa. Bakteria ya hadubini inayovutika kwa mwinamo wa sukari wa karibu inavutika kwa mazingira yake kama vile simba anavutika kwa mazingira yake wakati anapotafuta chakula katika savana ya [[Savana|Afrika.]] Kwa spishi ya aina yoyote, [[tabia]] zinaweza kuwa za ushirika, uchokozi, unyonyaji, au za kutegemeana. Mambo huwa magumu zaidi wakati spishi mbili au zaidi tofauti huathiriana katika mfumo wa ikolojia. Utafiti wa aina hii uko ndani ya taaluma ya ikolojia. Mifumo ya ikolojia huchunguzwa katika ngazi kadhaa tofauti, kutoka kwa watu binafsi na idadi ya watu hadi mifumo ikolojia na bayongahewa. Neno biolojia ya idadi mara nyingi hutumika kwa kubadilishana na ikolojia ya idadi, ingawa ''biolojia ya idadi'' mara nyingi zaidi hutumika wakati wa kuchunguza maradhi, virusi, na vijiumbe maradhi, ilhali ikolojia ya idadi kwa kawaida hutumiwa wakati wa kuchunguza mimea na wanyama. Kama inavyoweza kukisiwa, ikolojia ni sayansi inayotumia taaluma kadhaa. Etholojia huchunguza [[tabia]] ya wanyama (hasa ile ya wanyama wa kijamii kama vile mamalia wa hali ya juu na kanidi), na wakati mwingine inazingatiwa kama tawi la zoolojia. Wana etholojia wamejishughulisha na mageuko ya tabia na ufahamu wa tabia katika misingi ya nadharia ya uteuzi asilia. Kwa maana nyingine, mwana etholojia wa kwanza wa kisasa alikuwa [[Charles Darwin]], ambaye kitabu chake, ''Kudhihirisha Hisia za Mtu na Wanyama,'' kiliwavutiwa wana etholoja wengi waliofuata.<ref name="black">{{Rejea jarida | pmc = 1279921 | pmid = 12042386 | year = 2002 | month = Jun | author = Black, J | title = Darwin in the world of emotions| volume = 95 | issue = 6 | pages = 311–3 | issn = 0141-0768 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | url = http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12042386 | format = Free full text | doi = 10.1258/jrsm.95.6.311 | ref = harv | access-date = 2010-10-18 | archive-date = 2016-08-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160810043441/http://jrsm.rsmjournals.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12042386 | url-status = dead }}</ref> == Matawi ya biolojia == Yafuatayo ndiyo matawi muhimu ya biolojia:<ref>[http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Branches_of_biology Matawi ya Biolojia katika baiolojia-online.org]</ref><ref> [http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28786.asp Biolojia katika bellaonline.com]</ref> * [[Aerobiolojia]] - utafiti wa chembechembe za kaboni zinazopeperuka hewani * [[Anatomia]] na [[Mofolojia]] - utafiti wa jinsi viumbehai wanavyoonekana na muundo wa umbo na matumizi, kwa mimea, wanyama na viumbehai wengine, hasa binadamu * [[Asterobiolojia]] - utafiti wa mageuko, usambazaji, na maisha ya siku za baadaye ulimwenguni. Pia inajulikana kama eksobiolojia, eksopaleontolojia, na biofalaki. * [[Biokemia]] - utafiti wa kemia ndani ya viumbehai, na athari za kemikali zinazohitajika kwa kuweko na kufanya kazi kwa maisha, kwa kawaida ukilenga ngazi ya seli * [[Biouhandisi]] - utafiti wa biolojia kwa njia ya uhandisi na msisitizo wa elimu ya matumizi na hasa kuhusiana na bioteknolojia. * [[Biojiografia]] - huchunguza usambazaji wa kuhusiana na anga wa viumbehai [[Dunia]]ni,<ref> Wiley, 1981</ref> ikilenga mada kama tectonics za sahani, mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kusambaa na uhamiaji, na kladistiki. * [[Biotaarifa]] - matumizi ya teknolojia ya habari kwa ajili ya utafiti, ukusanyaji, na hifadhi ya data za jenomia na zingine za kibiolojia. * [[Biohisabati]] (pia '''Hisabati ya Biolojia''') - utafiti wa kiasi au wa hisabati wa utaratibu wa kibiolojia , wenye msisitizo kwa kuumba kwa kufuata mifano. * [[Biomekaniki]] - mara nyingi inazingatiwa kama tawi la udaktari, utafiti wa mekaniki ya viumbe hai, wenye msisitizo kwa utumizi wa matumizi kwa njia ya viungo bandia, nk * [[Biofizikia]] - utafiti wa taratibu za kibiolojia kupitia fizikia, kwa kutumia nadharia na mbinu zilizotumika jadi katika taaluma za kimwili * [[Bioteknolojia]] - tawi jipya la biolojia na lenye utata wakati mwingine linalochunguza mata hai, ikiwa ni pamoja na urekebishaji wa jeni * [[Biolojia ya Majengo]] - Utafiti wa mazingira ya kuishi ya ndani * [[Botania]] - utafiti wa mimea * [[Biolojia ya bahari]] - utafiti wa bahari, ikiwa ni pamoja na maisha ya bahari, mazingira, jiografia, hali ya hewa, na mambo mengine yanayoathiri bahari * [[Biolojia ya kuunganisha]] - utafiti wa viumbe kamili * [[Biolojia ya maendeleo]] - utafiti wa taratibu ambazo kiumbehai hupitia akiumbwa, kutoka zaigoti hadi umbo kamili * [[Biolojia ya mageuko]] - utafiti wa asili na ukoo wa spishi * [[Biolojia ya mazingira]] - utafiti wa dunia asili, nzima au eneo fulani, hasa jinsi ilivyoathiriwa na shughuli za binadamu * [[Biolojia ya molekuli]] - utafiti wa biolojia na kazi za kibiolojia kwa kiwango cha molekiuli, baadhi hupitana na biokemia * [[Biolojia ya muundo]] - tawi la biolojia ya molekiuli [[Biokemia|biokemia]], na biofizikia inayoshughulika na muundo wa molekiuli wa Masi ya muundo wa makromolekiuli za biolojia * [[Biolojia ya seli]] - utafiti wa seli kama kitengo kamili, na mwingiliano wa molekiuli na kemikali ambayo hutokea ndani ya seli hai. * [[Biolojia ya uhifadhi]] - ni utafiti wa utunzaji, ulinzi, au marejesho ya mazingira ya asili, mfumo ikolojia wa asili, mimea, na viumbe vya mwituni * [[Ekolojia]] - utafiti wa uhusiano na mwingiliano wa viumbehai mmoja kwa mwingine na kwa vipengele visivyo hai ya mazingira yao, pamoja na athari ya mabadiliko ya mazingira * [[Kilimo|Elimu ya kilimo]] - utafiti wa kuzalisha mazao kutoka shambani, mmkazo ukitiliwa kwenye matumizi ya utendaji * [[Embriolojia]] - utafiti wa maendeleo ya kiinitete (kutoka uanzishaji hadi kuzaliwa). Angalia pia topobiolojia. * [[Epidemolojia]] - sehemu kubwa ya utafiti wa afya ya umma, ni utafiti wa mambo yanayoathiri afya na magonjwa ya watu :* [[Epizoolojia]] - utafiti wa mambo yanayoathiri afya na magonjwa ya wanyama * [[Fiziolojia]] - utafiti wa jinsi viumbehai vinaishi, vinavyokula au kujilisha, pamoja na utendaji kazi wa viumbe hai na viungo na sehemu zao * [[Fitopatholojia]] - utafiti wa magonjwa ya mimea (pia huitwa Patholojia ya Mimea) * [[Histolojia]] - utafiti wa seli na tishu, tawi ndogo la anatomia. * [[Kriobiolojia]] - utafiti wa madhara ya halijoto iliyo chini zaidi kuliko inavyopendekezwa kwa kawaida. * [[Limnolojia]] - utafiti wa maji ya bara * [[Mikrobiolojia]] - utafiti wa viumbehai vya hadubini ([[kidubini|vidubini]]) na mwingiliano wao na viumbe wengine wanaoishi :* [[Bakteriolojia]] - utafiti wa [[bakteria]] :* [[Mikolojia]] - utafiti wa [[kuvu]] :* [[Virolojia]] - utafiti wa [[virusi]] na baadhi ya vikolezo wengine wanaofanana na virusi * [[Nyurobiolojia]] - utafiti wa mfumo wa neva, ikiwa ni pamoja na anatomia, fiziolojia, hata patholojia * [[Onkolojia]] - utafiti wa taratibu za saratani, ikiwa ni pamoja na onkojenesi ya virusi au jeni kubadilika kwingi, uotajimishipa na kubadilika kwa utenda kazi wa tishu * [[Biolojia ya idadi]] - utafiti wa idadi ya viumbe - mara nyingi inajulikana kama ekolojia, au hutumika kuashiria ufaraguzi wa kibiolojia, matukio ya jumla ya biolojia ** [[Ekolojia ya idadi]] - utafiti wa idadi ya viumbehai, ikiwa ni pamoja na jinsi wanavyoongezeka na kufa (mienendo) ** [[Usomi-jeni wa idadi]] - utafiti wa mabadiliko katika marudio ya jeni katika idadi za viumbehai * [[Paleontolojia]] - utafiti wa visukuku na wakati mwingine ushahidi wa kijiografia wa uhai wa kabla ya historia; inaangalia spishi zilizokwisha tangu miaka mingi ikionekana tu katika mawe, kwa mfano [[dinosauri|madinosauri]] * [[Parasitolojia]] - utafiti wa vimelea na umelea * [[Patholojia]] - utafiti wa magonjwa, na sababu, taratibu, desturi, na maendeleo ya ugonjwa * [[Taaluma ya dawa]] - utafiti na matumizi halisi ya kuandaa, kutumia, na madhara ya madawa na madawa ya kusanisi. * [[Saikobiolojia]] - utafiti wa misingi ya kibiolojia ya [[elimunafsia]] * [[Sosiobiolojia]] - utafiti wa misingi ya kibiolojia ya [[elimu jamii]] * Taxonomia au [[uainishaji]] - inaangalia jinsi ya kupanga viumbehai katika makundi na kuwapa majina ya kisayansi * [[Usomi-jeni]] - utafiti * [[Biolojia ya muundo]] - tawi la biolojia ya molekiuli [[biokemia]], na biofizikia inayoshughulika na muundo wa molekiuli wa Masi ya muundo wa makromolekiuli za biolojiawa jeni na urithi * [[Utabibu]] - utafiti wa afya na maradhi ya mwili wa binadamu * [[Zoolojia]] - utafiti wa wanyama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uainishaji, fiziolojia, maendeleo, na tabia (Tazama pia matawi yake hapa chini) ** [[Etholojia]] - utafiti wa tabia ya viumbehai kulingana na mwenendo na mazoea yao ** [[Entomolojia]] - utafiti wa [[wadudu]] ** [[Herpetolojia]] - utafiti wa [[mtambaazi|watambaazi]] na [[amfibia]] ** [[Ikhtiolojia]] - utafiti wa [[samaki]] ** [[Mamalojia]] - utafiti wa [[mamalia]] ** [[Nematolojia]] - utafiti wa [[nematodi]] ** [[Ornitholojia]] - utafiti wa [[ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] == Picha == <gallery> File:Guriezo Adino vaca toro terneras.jpg|Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus File:Zboże.jpg|Planta - Triticum File:Morchella esculenta 08.jpg|Fungi - Morchella esculenta File:Fucus serratus2.jpg|Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer) File:Halobacteria.jpg|Archaea - Halobacteria File:Gamma phage.png|Virus - Gamma phage Image:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|Bakteria ya ''Escherichia coli'' Image:Yanagi.jpg|Mti Image:Goliath_beetle.jpg|Kombamwiko Image:Thompson's_Gazelle.jpeg|Swara </gallery> == Tanbihi == {{Marejeo|2}} == Marejeo == * {{Rejea kitabu|last =Alberts|first=Bruce|coauthors=Johnson, A, Lewis, J, Raff, M, Roberts, K & Walter, P| title = Molecular Biology of the Cell|edition=4th|publisher=Garland|location=|year=2002|isbn=978-0815332183|series=|oclc =145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Begon|first=Michael|coauthors= Townsend, CR & Harper, JL| title = [[Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems]]|edition=4th|publisher=Blackwell Publishing Limited|year=2005|isbn=978-1405111171|oclc=57639896 57675855 62131207}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Campbell|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil Campbell (scientist)| title = Biology|edition=7th|publisher=Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company|location=|year=2004|isbn=0-8053-7146-X|series=|oclc=71890442}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Colinvaux|first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Colinvaux | title = Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/whybigfierceanim00paul|edition=reissue|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1979|isbn=0691023646|oclc=10081738 24132192}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Hoagland|first=Mahlon|authorlink=| title = The Way Life Works|url=https://archive.org/details/exploringwaylife0000hoag|edition=reprint|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers inc|location=|year=2001|isbn=076371688X|series=|oclc=223090105 45487537}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Janovy|first=John Jr.| title = On Becoming a Biologist|url=https://archive.org/details/onbecomingbiolog0000jano|edition=2nd|publisher=Bison Books|location=|year=2004|isbn=0803276206|series=|oclc=55138571 56964280}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Johnson|first=George B.|authorlink=Johnson George B.| title = Biology, Visualizing Life|publisher=Holt, Rinehart, and Winston|location=|year=2005|isbn=0-03-016723-X|series=|oclc=36306648}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last =Tobin|first=Allan|coauthors=Dusheck, Jennie| title = Asking About Life|edition=3rd|publisher=Wadsworth|location=Belmont, CA|year=2005|isbn=0-534-40653X}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{dmoz|Science/Biology}} * [http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/index.html OSU's Phylocode] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/index.html |date=20071114093618 }} * [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Main_Page Biolojia kwenye Mtandao - Kamusi ya Wiki ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Main_Page |date=20080917162850 }} * [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Biology/7-012Fall-2004/VideoLectures/ Mfululizo wa mafunzo ya biolojia kwenye video ya MIT] {{Wayback|url=http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Biology/7-012Fall-2004/VideoLectures/ |date=20100529032504 }} * [http://www.bioeticaunbosque.edu.co/english/ Biolojia na Bioadili] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bioeticaunbosque.edu.co/english/ |date=20070626143439 }} . * https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&amp;objID=2622&amp;parentname=CommunityPage&amp;parentid=7&amp;mode=2&amp;in_hi_userid=200&amp;cached=true Biological Systems] - Idaho National Laboratory * [http://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Collections_Link:_Biology Mwongozo wa eneo wa maudhui ya asili ya utafiti wa katika biolojia] {{Wayback|url=http://archivopedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Collections_Link:_Biology |date=20110214191327 }} - majarida ya wanabiolojia maarufu kihistoria * [http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html ''Mti wa Maisha'' ] : Mradi wa Internet wenye waandishi mbalimbali na uliosambazwa ulio na maelezo kuhusu filojenia na mazingira. ;Majarida * [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html&amp;issn=1545-7885 PLos Biolojia] {{Wayback|url=http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html&issn=1545-7885 |date=20060426191401 }} Jarida lililokaguliwa na wenzi, la linalopatikana kwa wote linalochapishwa na Maktaba ya Umma ya Sayansi * [http://www.biolsci.org Jarida la Kimataifa la Sayansi za Kibiolojiai] Jarida la biolojia huchapisha makala muhimu ya kisayansi yaliyokaguliwa na wenzi * [http://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/index.html Mitazamo ya Biolojia na Udaktari] {{Wayback|url=http://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/index.html |date=20031110160426 }} * [http://www.science.org Jarida la Kimataifa la Sayansi] Sehemu ya Marejeleo ya Jarida la Biolojia {{Wikibooks}} {{Wiktionary}} {{Sayansi}} [[Jamii:Sayansi]] [[Jamii:Biolojia]] o0j0mwoinab24copmu1p9epgs4olbr3 0 3736 1545648 1531741 2026-05-18T15:00:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* N */ 1545648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo''' inataja kwa utaratibu wa [[alfabeti]] baadhi ya [[Watakatifu]], yaani watu wanaoheshimiwa na [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali ya [[Ukristo]] kama vielelezo vya [[uadilifu]] wa Ki[[injili]]. [[Orodha]] hii inaonyesha pia kila mtakatifu huheshimiwa katika madhehebu gani. [[Kanisa Katoliki]] linaheshimu watakatifu na [[wenye heri]] zaidi ya [[elfu]] [[kumi]], kati yao [[Papa|Mapapa]] 78. Habari fupi za baadhi yao zinatunzwa katika [[kitabu]] rasmi kinachoitwa [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. {{kigezo:Kutangaza watakatifu}} Katika Ma[[kanisa]] ya [[Waorthodoksi|Kiorthodoksi]] na ya [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] [[idadi]] ni kubwa zaidi kwa vile hakuna kanuni za kutangaza watakatifu kama zile zinazofuatwa na [[Papa]], ambaye amejiwekea [[mamlaka]] hiyo tangu [[Karne za Kati]]. Hapa wameorodheshwa wanaoheshimiwa walau na Kanisa moja wa [[kundi]] lake. Habari fupi za baadhi yao zinatunzwa katika [[kitabu]] kinachoitwa [[Synaxarion]]. [[Waanglikana]] walimtangaza mtakatifu mmoja tu (Mfalme [[Charles I wa Uingereza]]), lakini wanawatambua watakatifu wengine waliotangazwa kuwa watakatifu, hasa kabla ya [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]], kama wanavyofanya [[Walutheri]] na [[Wamethodisti]]. Madhehebu hayo na mengineyo yana [[marehemu]] wengine ambao bila kutangazwa rasmi wameingizwa katika [[kalenda ya watakatifu]] katika nchi moja au zaidi. == Orodha == __NOTOC__{{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes|num=no}} === A === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=10 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=10| [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=10 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=10| [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abadiu wa Antinoe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abaidus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mario, Martha, Audifas na Abako|Abako]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abamun wa Tarnut]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abamun wa Tukh]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abanubi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abashade]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abaskhiron]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Abda (askofu)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Abda (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogeli na Abdala|Abdala wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Abdala wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Abdas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abdel Messih El-Makari]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Simeoni bar Sabas na wenzake|Abdhaykla]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Abdia wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abdon na Senen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abeluzius]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Abensi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abersi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Abibi, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abibi na Apoloni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi|Abilandi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abili wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ablak]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abnodi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abo wa Tiflis]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na wenzake|Abondansi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na Irenei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi wa Como]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane|Abrahamu, Ethnus na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abrahamu Fukara]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abrahamu wa Arbela]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu wa Ethiopia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abrahamu wa Faiyum]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abrahamu wa Farshut]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane|Abrahamu wa Gamndui]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Abrahamu wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu wa Minuf]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abrahamu wa Skete]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Absadi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abudemi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Achadi wa Mt. Vikta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Achilas wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Achilas wa Skete]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Achile Kiwanuka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Achilei mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Achindini, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ada wa Ethiopia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adalardo wa Corbie]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adalbert wa Magdeburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adalbert wa Prague]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adalberto wa Egmond]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adamu wa Fermo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adamu wa Guglionesi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adariki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi|Adaukti, Januari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Adauti|Adauti na Felisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Adauti wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Addai]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelaide Brando]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelaide wa Italia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelaide wa Vilich]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Adelari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelelmo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelfo wa Metz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelfo wa Remiremont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adelino wa Celles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Adeodatus I|Adeodatus I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Adiuto, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adiuto wa Cava]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adiutus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adolfo Mukasa Ludigo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adolfo na Yohane]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adolfo wa Arras]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adolfo wa Osnabruck]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adomnani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adoni wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Adrami]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Adrasti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriani wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriani wa Hilvarenbeek]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriano wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriano wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Adriano III|Adriano III]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Adrioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aed wa Kildare]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aelredo wa Rievaulx]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aflahos na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Afra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afraate]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini|Afrodisi, Theodora na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro na Afrodisi|Afrodisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afrodisi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afrodisi wa Beziers]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asidini na wenzake|Aftoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Aftse|Aftse]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Agabi wa Novara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agabo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agape na Kionia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isicho na wenzake|Agape wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Agape wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa na wanae|Agapi, Basa na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karteri na wenzake|Agapi wa Sebaste]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agapio, Sekondino na wenzao|Agapio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agapio wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti|Agapiti, Gaudensi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Agapiti, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agapiti wa Palestrina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Agapitus I|Agapitus I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Agapius]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Chon Kyonghyob]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Kim Agi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Kwon Chini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Lin Zhao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatha mfiadini|Agata wa Catania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Yi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Yi Kannan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Yi Kyongi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agata Yi Sosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klementi na Agatanjelo|Agatanjelo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agathius]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Agatho|Agatho (Papa)]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hor, Susia na wanao|Agatho, Hor na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Agatho na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Agatho wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Agatodoro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Agatoni, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoni, Lusia na Diogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoni mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa, Paula na Agatonika|Agatonika, Basa na Paula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karpo, Papilo na wenzao|Agatonika wa Pergamo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Agatopo wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatopodo na Theodulo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agileus]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agilolfo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnelo wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnelus mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes Cao Guiying]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes Kim Hyochu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes Le Thi Thanh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes wa Asizi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes wa Poitiers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes wa Praha]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agnes wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agoardi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agostina Pietrantoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agrari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agrikola wa Avignon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali na Agrikola|Agrikola wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agrikola wa Chalon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agrikola wa Nevers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agripano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Agripiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agripini wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agripino wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agrisi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aibati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aidani wa Ferns]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aidani wa Lindisfarne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aigulfi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aikardi wa Jumieges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ailbe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Airaldo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ajabeli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Masula|Ajabosi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ajeriki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ajilo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ajuture]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agoardi na wenzake|Ajibati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akasi wa Amida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akasi wa Konstantinopoli]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Akasi wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akasi wa Mileto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Akile wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akilei wa Larissa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akonsi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Akra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane|Akrates, Abrahamu na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni|Aksidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuli wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akursius]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokulo, Eutisi na Akusi|Akusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwila na Priska]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severianus na Akwila|Akwila wa Kaisarea]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwila wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilino wa Evreux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albano Roe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Albano wa Uingereza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albano wa Mainz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albati wa Trapani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberiko Crescitelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberiko wa Citeaux]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Albert Lutuli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Alberti Chmielowski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberti wa Louvain]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto Hurtado]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto wa Butrio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto wa Cashel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto wa Montecorvino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto wa Pontida]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alberto wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati|Albino, Mamari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albino wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albinus wa Angers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Albuino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aldegunda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aldelmo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alderiko wa Le Mans]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aldetruda wa Maubeuge]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aldo mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Alef|Alef]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Aleksanda I|Aleksanda I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Aleksanda, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfeo, Aleksanda na Zosimo|Aleksanda, Alfeo na Zosimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evensi na wenzake|Aleksanda, Evensi na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Aleksanda, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda Briant]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Aleksanda, Epimako na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Aleksanda, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patermuti na wenzake|Aleksanda, Patermuti na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda Sauli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Felisi na wenzao|Aleksanda, Vikta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Bergamo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Fiesole]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Aleksanda wa Filomelio na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kayo na Aleksanda|Aleksanda wa Frigia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Malko na Aleksanda|Aleksanda, Prisko na Malko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Aleksanda, Timolai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Lyon (+ 177)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Lyon (+ 178)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Makaa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Pidna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Sisili]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksanda wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Aleksandra wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksandra wa Hesse]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Aleksandra wa Misri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksi Falconieri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksi Toth]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Aleksi U Seyong]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aleksi wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Alesi wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfayo na Zakayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfege wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfege wa Winchester]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfeo, Aleksanda na Zosimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alferi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfio na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfonsa Matathupadathu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfonso Maria Fusco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfonso Maria wa Liguori]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfonso Rodriguez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roko, Alfonso na Yohane|Alfonso Rodriguez-Olmedo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfonso wa Orozco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfredi Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alida Mkoma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alipi wa mnarani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alipius wa Thagaste]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alcuin Mtakatifu|Alkwino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Almaki wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nunilona na Alodia|Alodia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Batis na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Beaulieu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Bertran]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aloysius Gonzaga|Alois Gonzaga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois na Maria Azelia Martin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Maria wa Montfort]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Versiglia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alonio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alpino wa Chalons]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Altifridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Altmani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alveri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Amabili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amadeo wa Amidei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amalberga wa Maubeuge]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amandi wa Bordeaux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amando na Juniano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amando wa Maastricht]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amansi wa Como]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amansi wa Rodez]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zotiko na Amansyo|Amansi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amaranti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius|Amaranti, Sofroni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Preieto na Amarino|Amarino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amasio wa Teano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amato Ronconi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amato wa Habend]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amato wa Nusco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amato wa Sion]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amatori, Petro na Ludoviko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amatori wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosi Edwadi Barlow]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosi wa Agaune]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosio Fransisko Ferro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ambrosio Kibuuka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amedeo wa Lausanne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teoduli, Amesi, Felisi na Kornelia|Amesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Amfamoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amfiani na Vikta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoes wa Skete]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Amonaria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni Abati]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Amoni, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Amoni, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao|Amoni, Emiliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Dio na Amoni|Amoni, Fausto na Dio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Juliani na Posina|Amoni na Modesti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Amoni, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni|Amoni, Tuliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni wa Pentapoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Amonito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ampelius wa Abitina|Ampeli wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ampeli wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ampelio mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Amundi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana (nabii)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana An Jiaozhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana An Xinzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana Kim Changgum]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana Pak Agi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana Schaeffer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ana Wang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Anacletus|Anakleti (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anania wa Arbela]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anania wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni bar Sabas na wenzake|Anania wa Uajemi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi balozi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi Dobi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi, Felisi na Digna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Anastasi, Venansi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Persia na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi II wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Anastasi wa Brescia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Schemaris]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Sens]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasi wa Sinai]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Anastasia, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasia wa Sirmio]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastasia wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Anastasius I|Anastasi I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anastazia wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Anatilino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anatalo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anatoli Kiriggwajjo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anatoli wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anatoli wa Laodikea]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anatolia na Viktoria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Anbes|Anbes]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Andeoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andoki, Tirso na Felisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Andrea|Andrea Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Avellino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Bauer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Bessette]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Bobola]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Chong Hwagyong]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Corsini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Dung-Lac]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Andrea, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Hubati Fournet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ipasi, Asiani na Andrea|Andrea, Ipasi na Asiani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Kaggwa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Kalibita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Kim Taegon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea na askari wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Nguyen Kim Thong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Tran Van Thong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Tuong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea wa Krete]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea wa Firenze]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Andrea, Paulo na Dionisya|Andrea wa Lapseki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Masula|Andrea wa Masula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea wa Soveral na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Wang Tianqing]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea Wouters]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrei Rublev]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Androniko, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Androniko na Athanasia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarako, Probo na Androniko|Androniko, Tarako na Probo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Androniko wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Andropelagia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anemondi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asidini na wenzake|Anempodisto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anfiloki wa Ikonio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Angela Merichi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aniani wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aniano wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anibale Maria di Francia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Anikleto wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Anicetus|Aniseti (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aniseti na Fosyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Aniseti wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aniseto Adolfo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anisi wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anjela wa Foligno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anjela wa Msalaba]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anjelo wa Acri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anjelo wa Yerusalemu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anjibati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anna Line]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anoni wa Koln]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Anovi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ansberto wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anselm wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anselmi wa Lucca]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anselmo wa Nonantola]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ansfridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ansgar Mtakatifu|Ansgar]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ansovini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ansuero na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antelmi wa Belley]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Anthusa wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni|Antia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antidi wa Besancon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antimo na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antimo wa Brantome]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antimo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Antiokiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko wa Anastasiopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko wa Sulcis]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antipa wa Pergamo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Anto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoliani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Abati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni|Antoni, Andrea na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Antoni, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Daniel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Kauleas]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Kim Songu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Maria Claret]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Maria Zakaria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Nguyen Dich]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni Nguyen Huu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Gerace]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Hoornaert]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Kiev]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Lerins]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Mt. Ana]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Nagasaki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Antoni wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Padua]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristofa, Antoni na Yohane|Antoni wa Tlaxcala]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antoni wa Weert]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia|Antonia, Emiliani na Tertula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonina wa Nisea]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Antonini, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonini, Nisefori na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino Fantosati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino wa Apamea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino wa Firenze]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino wa Piacenza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonino wa Sorrento]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonio Gonzalez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonio Maria Gianelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonio Maria Pucci]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonio Primaldo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonio Vallesio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Antusa wa Eskihisar]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antusa wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anubu mmonaki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anyesi wa Montepulciano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori|Apiani wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apiani wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apiano wa Comacchio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Apodemi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Apolinari, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolinari wa Ierapoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolinari wa Ravenna]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolinari wa Valence]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo (Biblia)|Apolo wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo wa Bawit]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Apoloni, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abibi na Apoloni|Apoloni na Abibi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apoloni na Filemoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Apoloni, Parmeni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apoloni wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apoloni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apoloni wa Sardi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolonia wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Apolonio, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apro wa Toul]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprunkulo wa Langres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abuna Aregawi|Aragawi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini|Arapolini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Arato]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Arbasi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arbogasti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ardani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ardo Smaragdo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aredi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ares, Promo na Elia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aresi na Rogati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Aresto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aretha mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arey]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Areyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Argimiro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus|Argirus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arialdo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ariana mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ariani mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Arioni, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Arioni, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aristarko wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aristide wa Athens]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aristo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aristobulo wa Britania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aristoni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Aritife]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arjeo, Narsisi na Marselino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senofonte, Maria na wanao|Arkadi wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadius wa Mauretania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkanjelo Tadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima|Arkelao, Gregori na Felisisima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fosyo, Arkelao, Kwirino na wenzao|Arkelao wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriako na Arkelao|Arkelao wa Ostia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkimino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkonsi wa Viviers]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkupo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Armaeli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Armata]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao|Armeni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Armentari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Armini wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Armogaste]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arnold Janssen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Arnulfi wa Soissons]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Arnulfo wa Gap]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Arnulfo wa Metz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius na Aroni|Aroni wa Caerleon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arponi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arsasi wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni wa Armo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni wa Korfu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artelaide]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Artema]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artemi na Paulina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artemis Zatti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asafo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asela wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Asenei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ipasi, Asiani na Andrea|Asiani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asidini na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erodioni, Asinkrito na Flego|Asinkrito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asisklo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Askla]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asklepiadi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Asklipi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aspasi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aspreno wa Napoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Asteksi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Asteri, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Asteri, Venansi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Asteri na Neoni|Asteri wa Egea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marinus na Asteri|Asteri wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asteri wa Ostia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Astusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atala wa Bobbio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Atalo, Serapioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo|Atalo, Zotiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasi Bazzekuketta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ireus na Atanasi|Atanasi na Ireus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasi wa Aleksandria|Atanasi I wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasi II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Atanasi wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasi wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasia wa Egina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atenodoro wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Atenodoro wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atenodoro wa Syria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atenogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Atevulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Athanasi wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Athanasi wa Mlima Athos]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Athenagora wa Athene]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Yustini na Atilano|Atilano Cruz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Atilano|Atilano wa Zamora]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro|Atne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atoni wa Pistoia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Atora]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atrata]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Attalus wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aubati wa Avranches]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Audactus wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mario, Martha, Audifas na Abako|Audifas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Auditori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Audomari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Augeni, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augin wa Klusma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Frutuosi, Auguri na Euloji|Auguri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augusta na Faustina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Augusti, Primo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Caloca]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino na Felisita]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Erlandsson]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Pak Chongwon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Roscelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Schoeffler]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agostino wa Hippo|Augustino wa Hippo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Webster]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Yi Kwanghon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Yu Chinkil]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino Zhao Rong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augusto Andrea]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augusto Chapdelaine]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Augusto wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augusto wa Caserta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aulo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aunakari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aurea wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aurea wa Ostia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aurea wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Aureli wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aurelia wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aureliano wa Arles]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aurelius wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aureus wa Mainz|Aureo, Yustina na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ausani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi na wenzake|Ausensi, Eustrasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotimo, Filotheo na wenzao|Ausensi wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ausenti abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ausoni wa Angouleme]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Auspisi wa Toul]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Austindo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Austreberta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Austregesili]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Austremoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Autberi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Autonomo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Autus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aventino wa Chartres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aventino wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori|Aventori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Avertino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aviti wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Avito wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Avitus mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === B === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Babila na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefina Bakhita|Bakhita]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bakus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Balbina wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Baldomero wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Baldwino wa Rieti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Beato na Banto|Banto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Barakio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isicho na wenzake|Baralo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Barasea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Cho Chungi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Choe Yongi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Cui Lianzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Han Agi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Kim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Ko Suni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Kwon Hui]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara wa Nikomedia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Yi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbara Yi Chonghui]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbasiani wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barbato]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Barhadbesaba (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Barhadbesaba (shemasi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Bariko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barlaam wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Barnaba|Barnaba Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Baronsi na Desideri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barsanufi wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barsauma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Barsen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Barsimeo wa Edessa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bartholomayo Chong Munho]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Bartolomayo|Bartolomayo Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bartolomea Capitanio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bartolomeo Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bartolomeo wa Simeri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Basa, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa na wanae]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa, Paula na Agatonika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bashinuna]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Basiani, Primitivi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano wa Lodi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basila wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basila wa Srijem]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Basili, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Basilia, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na Basilisa|Basilisa wa Galatia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basilisa wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basilei wa Amasea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jovino na Basileo|Basileo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili Mzee]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili na Prokopi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili wa Antiokia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili wa Ostrog]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Basilide wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Basilide wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basilide wa Lori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julianus na Basilisa|Basilisa na Julianus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Basilisa wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basilisko wa Gumenek]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basino wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Basoes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Bastami]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Bastamoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Batilde]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Batista Varano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Baudeli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bauli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bavo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bazalota na Eufemia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Bazili wa Pario]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Bazili wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beano wa Ireland]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Beati, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beato na Banto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beatriz wa Silva]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Beatus, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beatus wa Vendome]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sharbel na Bebaya|Bebaya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beda Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beda Mhashamu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bega wa Andenne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bega wa Cumbria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Helaniki na Begei|Begei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Beliko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Belino wa Padova]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikta Cambiagio Frassinello]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikta Hyong Kyongnyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikta wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Benedikto II|Benedikto II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto Biscop]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto Menni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto Mwafrika]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Zoeradi na Benedikto|Benedikto na Zoeradi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Aniane]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Antella]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Avignon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Herbauge]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto wa Nursia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto, Yohane na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benedikto Yosefu Labre]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benignus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benilde wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benildo Romancon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Beninyo wa Dijon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beninyo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Beninyo wa Todi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benito wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benjamini Juliani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Beno wa Meissen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benvenuto Scotivoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Benwadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benyamini na Bejoki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Benyamini I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Benyamini II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Benyamini wa Argol]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Berardo mfiadini|Berardo wa Carbio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Berectina wa Abitina|Berektina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Berengari wa Saint-Papoul]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Beresi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Berkari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Berlinda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernadeta Soubirous]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernadi wa Parma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernard Due Van Vo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardino Realino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardino wa Siena]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo Tolomei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Alzira]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Clairvaux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Corleone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Menthon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Tiron]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernardo wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernika, Prosdoka na Domnina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bernodi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Berta wa Blangy]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bertila wa Maroeil]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bertino wa Sithieu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bertulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Besa wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni|Besarioni, Yosefu na Priori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Besarioni wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Besas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bessus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Betari wa Chartres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Betirani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Betrandi wa Comminges]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Betrandi wa Garrigues]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Betselote na Honori]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Bianori na Silvani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bili wa Vannes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Birgita wa Uswidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Birinus]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Didara, Bisoe na Nor|Bisoe, Didara na Nor]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Bishoy na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa|Bistamonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bladolfo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Blaise]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Blandina wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Blani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Blasto na Diogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Blimondi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bogumili]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bona wa Pisa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonaventura wa Meako]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonfili]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Boniface I|Bonifasi I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Boniface IV|Bonifasi IV]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonifas mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonifasi, Tekla na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Bonifasi wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonifasi wa Sicilibba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonifasia Rodriguez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonito wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bononi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropi, Zosima na Bonosa|Bonosa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bonoso wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Boris na Gleb]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Bosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Bosba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Bosimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Botvidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Branoki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brauli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brendan Baharia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bretanioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brigida wa Kildare]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brigo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brinolfo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brisi wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Brito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bruno Sserunkuma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bruno wa Cologne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bruno wa Querfurt]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bruno wa Segni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Bruno wa Wurzburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Buonfiglio wa Monaldi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Burkado wa Wurzburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === C === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Carlo Acutis]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Cesidio Giacomantonio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Chad wa Mercia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Charles de Foucauld]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Charbel Makhlouf]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Charles I wa Uingereza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Charles Cho Shinchol]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Charles Garnier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Charles Hyon Songmun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nazari na Chelsi|Chelsi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Chi Zhuze]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Cuthbert Mayne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Cuthbert wa Lindisfarne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === D === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Dacianus wa Abitina|Dachani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo, Dada na Kwintiliani|Dada]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dado]] (Ouen wa Rouen)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dafrosa wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Dagioni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dagobert II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Damaris]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Damasus I|Damasi I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Damasi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Damian de Veuster]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Damiani Nam Myonghyok]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Damiani wa Afrika]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Damiani wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Damiano wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Danakte]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Daniel Comboni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Danieli Fasanella na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Danieli, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Danieli wa Bangor]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Danieli wa Mnarani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Danieli wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Danieli wa Padua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Danilo II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Krisanto na Daria|Daria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao|Dasi, Juliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Dasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasio wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasio, Zotiko na Kayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasya wa Tanda]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Dasyo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dativa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Dativus, Nemesiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dativus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Datulo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi I wa Uskoti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi III]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Daudi Galvan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi Lewis]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi Uribe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi wa Uswidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Daudi wa Wales]] (Dewi)||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karalampo na wenzake|Daukto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Batis na wenzake|David Roldan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Davini wa Lucca]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Defendente]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Defensa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deikolo abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deklan wa Ardmore]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dekoroso wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Delfino wa Bordeaux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demetri wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Demetri wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Demetria, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demetriani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demetrius I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demetrius wa Thesalonike]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demiana|Demiana na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Demokrito na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao|Denis, Fransisko na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Denis wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Denis wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Denisi, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Denisi wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Denisi wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Denisi wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deodati wa Nevers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deodati wa Nola]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deodato wa Blois]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deodato wa Ruticinium]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Deogratias wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Baronsi na Desideri|Desideri na Baronsi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Festo na Desideri|Desideri wa Benevento]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Desideri wa Langres]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Desideri wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo| |- |[[Desiree wa Besancon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Desiree wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Deusdedit wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Deusdedit wa Montecassino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Devota wa Mariana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diarmaid]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Didara, Bisoe na Nor]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Didier wa Cahors]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Didimo, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diodori, Diomede na Didimo|Didimo, Diodori na Diomede]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao|Didimo, Emiliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Didimo Kipofu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini|Didimo, Theodora na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Didimo wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diego wa Alkala]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Difilo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Digno]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa|Dilbamonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dimani wa Connor]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dimfna]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Dio na Amoni|Dio, Fausto na Amoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dio Mtendamiujiza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diodori, Diomede na Didimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Diodori, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diodori na Rodopiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Diodoro wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Diodoto wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika|Diogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Diogeni na wenzao|Diogeni wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorensi na Dioklesyani|Dioklesyani wa Osimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diodori, Diomede na Didimo|Diomede, Diodori na Didimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Diomede, Pristi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Diomede wa Nisea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Dionysius|Dionisi (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Dionisi, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Dionisi, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demokrito na wenzake|Dionisi, Demokrito na Sekundo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi|Dionisi, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dionisi na wenzake (27 Februari)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dionysius Mwareopago|Dionisi Mwareopago]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dionisi Ssebuggwawo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dionisi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Dionisya, Epimako na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Dionisi wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Andrea, Paulo na Dionisya|Dionisya wa Lapseki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dionisya wa Vita na wenzake|Dionisya wa Vita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Dionusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dioskoridi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dioskoro I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Dioskoro II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Dioskoro, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Dioskoro, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni na wenzake|Dioskoro, Arseni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro|Dioskoro, Eroni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dioskoro mfiadini (20 Agosti)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Dioskoro wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dioskoro wa Qais]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei|Disei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Disibodo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mames na Diskus|Diskus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dismas Mtakatifu|Dismas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dodati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo na Domasi|Domasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati|Domati, Mamari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domesi Mganga]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Domesi wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Dominanda]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Dominika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Buy Van Uy]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Cam]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Dinh Dat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Guzman]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Henares]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Huyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Ibáñez de Erquicia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Loricatus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Mao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Mau]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Ngon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Nguyen Van Hanh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Nguyen Van Xuyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Nhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Ninh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Pham Thong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Savio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Tori]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Trach]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko Tuoc]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko wa Calzada]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko wa Silos]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko wa Sora]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domisiani wa Bebron]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domisyano wa Melitene]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Domni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domnina wa Ainvarza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domnini wa Digne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus|Domninus na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Domnio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasiani na Rogasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasiani wa Chalons]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Donasiani wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasiani wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Donata, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Donata, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Donata, Vikturus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Donati, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Donati, Abundanti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Donati, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifani, Donati na Rufini|Donati, Epifani na Rufini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grani na wenzake|Donati, Grani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati, Justus na Herenas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Donati, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Donati, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati, Makari na Theodori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Donati, Manilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori|Donati, Mansueti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Donati|Donati na Fortunati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papias na Donati|Donati na Papia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Donati, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati|Donati, Taski na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Eusiri na wenzao|Donati, Viktorini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati wa Arezzo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati wa Besancon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati wa Eurea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati|Donati wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Donatila, Abundanti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda|Donatila wa Taburba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donato Mskoti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo na Donato|Donato na Primo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donato wa Sisteron]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donini wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donini wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donino wa Fidenza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donino wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donulus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorimedonti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorotea na Theofili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorotea wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Doroteo wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorotheo wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Dorotheo wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Dorotheo na Gorgoni|Dorotheo wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorotheo wa Turo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dositeo wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Drogo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Droktovei]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Droside]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Drostano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Drusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati|Dubitati, Taski na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dunstan wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Dusisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Duthak]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === E === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Eata]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ebediesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ebedjesu (askofu)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ebedjesu (mmonaki)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ebedjesu (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Ebedjesu (shemasi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eberigisili]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ebrolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edbati wa Lindisfarne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edburga wa Winchester]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edda wa Winchester]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edesi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edilburga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edith Stein]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Editha]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Edmund Rich]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Edmund wa Anglia Mashariki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edmundi Arrowsmith]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Edmundi Campion]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Edmundi Gennings]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Edward Muungamaji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Edward Shahidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Efebo wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Efrem wa Syria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Efremu, Basili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Egbert wa Ripon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Egesipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi Maria wa Mt. Yosefu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egwini wa Evesham]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ekembodo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eklesio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Ekomei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao|Ekomini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ekwisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eladi wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eladi wa Toledo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Elafa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Speusipo, Elasipo, Melasipo na Leonila|Elasipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eldrado]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Helier Mtakatifu|Eleri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elesbaan]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleukadio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Eleuteri|Eleuteri (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Eleuteri, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Paris]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Spoleto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Tarsia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eleuteri wa Tournai]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ares, Promo na Elia|Elia, Aresi na Promo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia Facchini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Elia na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Elia, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia, Paulo na Isidori]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia Speleota]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia wa Enna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Eliabu wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Masula|Eliani wa Masula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Eliasi, Parmeni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eliena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elifi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eligius wa Noyon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elikonida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Elio, Peleo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eliodori wa Altino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti (Injili)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeth Ann Seton]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti Chong Chonghye]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti Qin Bianzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti wa Hungaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti wa Schonau]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti wa Ureno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elizabeti wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Elizabeti wa Utatu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elpidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Elpidi, Basili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermogene na Elpidi|Elpidi na Ermogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Elpidi, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asidini na wenzake|Elpidiforo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Eluri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elzeari wa Sabran]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli Gonzalez Garcia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli Le Van Phung]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli Miguez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Batis na wenzake|Emanueli Morales]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli, Sabino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli Trieu Van Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Embakomu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Emebati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emelia Mtakatifu|Emelia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Emeramo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emerensyana wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emeriko wa Hungaria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emerita wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Emeriti, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti|Emeriti, Gaudensi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emeritus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emeteri na Seledoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emila na Yeremia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi|Emili, Marina na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emilia wa Vialar]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emilia wa Villeneuve]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliana wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake|Emiliani, Hugal na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Cogolla]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Kuziko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Valence]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Vercelli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani wa Vita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasto na Emilio|Emilio na Kasto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emma wa Gurk]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emma wa Lesum]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emmeram wa Regensburg]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Enda wa Aran]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eneko wa Onya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Engelbert wa Cologne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Engrasya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Enodi wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Enriko wa Osso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eoni wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epafra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epafrodito|Epafrodito wa Filipi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Epafrodito wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eparki wa Angouleme]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epeneto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifani, Donati na Rufini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Epifani wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifani wa Salamina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifanio wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Epikteto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epipodi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifani wa Salamina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Babila na wenzake|Epoloni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erakla wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi|Erakli, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erakli na Paulo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Eraklide wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erardo Mskoti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erasmo wa Formia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erasto wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusta na Eredina|Eredina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erembati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erentruda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erik IX]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Erkolani wa Brescia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erkolano wa Perugia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erkonvaldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akonsi na wenzake|Erkulano wa Fiumicino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Ermagora|Ermagora]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermelandi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermenfridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermengild]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermengol wa Urgell]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermes wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermia wa Gumenek]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Ermia wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermili na Stratoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermogene na Elpidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodota na wanae|Ermogene, Theodota na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro na Ermogene|Ermogene wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erodioni, Asinkrito na Flego]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Erone wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Esas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esiki wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esikyo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Espagathus wa Lyon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Espero, Zoe na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esuperansi wa Cingoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esuperansi wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Esuperi, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini, Esuperi na Felisiani|Esuperi, Severini na Felisiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esuperi wa Bayeux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esuperi wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esuperi wa Toulouse]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Esyo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Etbini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Etelwoldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Eteri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ethelbert wa Kent]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ethelreda wa Ely]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane|Ethnus, Abrahamu na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Eubulo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eudokia wa Heliopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Eudoimoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Eudomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eudoni abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karteri na wenzake|Eudosi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia|Eudosia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bazalota na Eufemia|Eufemia na Bazalota]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Eufemia wa Kalsedonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Eufra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eufrasi na Klarus]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Eufrasi, Tokwato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eufrasi wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Eufrasia wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eufrasia wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eufroni wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eufrosina wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi|Euganda]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Eugeni, Migdoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi na wenzake|Eugeni, Eustrasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Eugeni wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eugeni wa Toledo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Eugenia, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eugenius wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo|Eugrafo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eukari wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Eugene I|Eujeni I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Eujeni, Basili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eujeni Mazenod]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Eujeni, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eujeni wa Ardstraw]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Eujeni wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eujeni wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Eujeni wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eujenia wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eukari wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eukeri wa Lyon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eukeri wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eulalia wa Merida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eulampi na Eulampia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Eulogi, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eulogi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eulogi wa Edessa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eulogi wa Kordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frutuosi, Auguri na Euloji|Eulogi wa Tarragona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eumasi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eumeni wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eumeni wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Eunisiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Eunuko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani na Eunus|Eunus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Euplo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Eupolo wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Euprepi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eupsiki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eurosia wa Jaca]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Eusebius|Eusebi (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Eusebi, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Eusebi, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Karalampo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Nestabo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Ponsiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Fano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Kaisarea]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Eusebi wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Samosata]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi wa Viktorsberg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebia wa Hamay]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebia wa Marseille]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebius wa Vercelli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusigni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Eusiri na wenzao|Eusiri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustaki wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustasi wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustasi wa Luxeuil]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustasi wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Eustasi wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustasi White]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustoji II]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustoki wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustokia Calafato]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustokya wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustolia na Sopatra]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustorji wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi Mtendamiujiza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi wa Sufres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutiki wa Como]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutiki wa Marmara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Eutiki wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutiki wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Eutikiani, Arkadina wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Filipo na Eutikiani|Eutikiani wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Eutychian|Eutikiano (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Eutiko, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutiko, Fortunati, Saturnini, Marsia, Vikta, Stefano na Januari|Eutiko, Fortunati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei|Eutiko, Modesti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutikyo shemasi mdogo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutikyo wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutimi Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutimi wa Sardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutimio wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutisi wa Nursia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokulo, Eutisi na Akusi|Eutisi wa Pozzuoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kleoniki na Eutropi|Eutropi wa Amasea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tigri na Eutropi|Eutropi wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropi wa Orange]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropi wa Saintes]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropi, Zosima na Bonosa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropia wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Eutropia na wenzao|Eutropia wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eva wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evagri wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Evangeli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Evaristus|Evaristi (Papa)]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Evaristi wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Evasi, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Evasi, Vikturus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evasi na Privati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Evelpisto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evensi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evermodo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Evesi wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodota na wanae|Evodi, Theodota na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evodi wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Evodi wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Evolesus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evurzi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ewadi na Ewadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ewen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ewostatewos]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Ezana]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Ezekieli Moreno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === F === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Papa Fabian|Fabiani (Papa)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Fabiani, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fabius]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fahitina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Faina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fakundi na Primitivi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Famiano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fana wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fandila]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fantino Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fantino Mzee]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fara]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fasilides wa Ethiopia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Fausta wa Bourges]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustina Kowalska]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberata na Faustina|Faustina wa Como]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Faustini, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Faustini, Lusius na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini na Jovita]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini na wenzake 44]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali|Faustini, Rogati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani|Faustini, Saturnini na Nafiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi, Faustini na wenzao|Faustini, Simplisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustiniani wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Dio na Amoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Januari na Marsiali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto shemasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto wa Riez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Febadi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Febe (Biblia)|Febe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Febronia wa Akhmim]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Febronia wa Nusaybin]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fedele wa Como]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Federiko wa Utrecht]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felichisima wa Todi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felichisimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felikola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felimi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Felix I|Felisi I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Felix III|Felisi III]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Felix IV|Felisi IV]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Felisi, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Felisi, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andoki, Tirso na Felisi|Felisi, Andoki na Tirso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Felisi, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Felisi, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti|Felisi, Gaudensi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Felisi, Katulino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Felisi, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Felisi, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Felisi, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Felisi, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati|Felisi, Mamari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi|Felisi, Marina na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi mfiadini (3 Februari)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Feliche Mwafrika|Felisi Mwafrika]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Adauti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Genadi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Regula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus|Felisi, Narsisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Felisi, Nemesiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Felisi na wenzao|Felisi, Revokati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Felisi, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teoduli, Amesi, Felisi na Kornelia|Felisi, Teoduli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Felisi, Veruli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Felisi na wenzao|Felisi, Vikta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Abbir]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Como]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Felix wa Cantalice|Felisi wa Cantalice]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Felisi wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Dunwich]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Gerona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Nantes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Nicosia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Nola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Felisi wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Sevilia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Split]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Susa]] (askofu)||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati|Felisi wa Thagura]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Thibiuca]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi wa Toniza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Fortunati|Felisi wa Vicenza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Felisi wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidelis, Felisia na wanao|Felisia na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Felisiani, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisiani na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini, Esuperi na Felisiani|Felisiani, Severini na Esuperi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisiani wa Foligno]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisiani wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo na Felisiani|Felisiani wa Mentana]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima|Felisisima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felista Mtakatifu|Felisita]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Felisita, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Augustino na Felisita|Felisita na Augustino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Felisita, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisita wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ferbuta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ferdinando III wa Kastilia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fereolo wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fermo wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fereoli na Ferusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fereoli wa Grenoble]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fereoli wa Limoges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ferreol wa Uzes|Fereoli wa Uzes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Feruchi wa Mainz]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fereoli na Ferusi|Ferusi na Fereoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina|Festina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Festo na Desideri|Festo wa Benevento]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane na Festo|Festo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiakri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fibisi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidelis, Felisia na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidelis wa Sigmaringen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fides wa Agen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfio na wenzake|Filadelfi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filani wa Pittenweem]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filarete wa Seminara]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filastri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fileas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filemoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filibati wa Jumieges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisiani na wenzake|Filipiani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipina Duchesne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Benizi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Evans]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo|Filipo, Gayo na Joviani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Howard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo|Filipo, Italo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Filipo, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo mfiadini (13 Septemba)|Filipo mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Minh Van Doan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Filipo|Filipo Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo mwinjilisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo na watoto kumi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Neri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo|Filipo, Niseta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Filipo, Silano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Smaldone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo wa Agira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo na Herme|Filipo wa Marmara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Filipo na Eutikiani|Filipo wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo Zhang Zhihe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Filogoni wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filomena wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filomeno wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filoromus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filothea wa Athene]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Filothei wa Pemdje]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotimo, Filotheo na wenzao|Filotheo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filotheo wa Durunka]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Fina mtakatifu|Fina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Finano wa Lindisfarne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Finbari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fintano wa Clonenagh]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fintano wa Doon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorensi na Dioklesyani|Fiorensi wa Osimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorensi wa Poitiers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasio na Fiorenso|Fiorenso wa Bonn]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorenso wa Nursia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Eutropia na wenzao|Fiorenso wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorenso wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorentino wa Bremur]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fiorenzo wa Nebbio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmina wa Amelia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Firmini, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmini wa Amiens]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmini wa Metz]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmino wa Mende]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmino wa Uzes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Firmus, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Firmus wa Tagaste]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Fisosi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flavi Klementi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flavi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flavia Domitila]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Flaviani, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flaviani wa Autun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flaviano wa Kostantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flaviano wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Erodioni, Asinkrito na Flego|Flego]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Florensiani wa Midila]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flora na Maria|Flora wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Florensi wa Cahors]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Florensi wa Orange]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Florensi wa Strasbourg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Florenti, Gereoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Florenti wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Florentina wa Cartagena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Floriani wa Lorch]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Floridi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Floro wa Lodeve]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Floskolo wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fokas wa Sinope]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Folko Scotti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Fortunansiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi|Fortunati, Adaukti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Fortunati, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Fortunati, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Fortunati, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia|Fortunati, Lusioli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Donati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Ermagora|Fortunati wa Akwileya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Lusiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Marsiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati, Felisi, Silvi, Vitalis, Apolo, Isaki na Krotate|Fortunati, Silvi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Eusiri na wenzao|Fortunati, Viktorini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati wa Montefalco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Fortunati wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati wa Todi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Fortunati|Fortunati wa Vicenza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunato wa Fano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunatus wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Fortuni, Abundanti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noblus, Marsia, Hermemfi, Fortuni na Jukundi|Fortuni, Noblus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Foskolo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fosyo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Fosyo, Arkelao, Kwirino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Fosyo, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Fosyo wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frambodi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frances Cabrini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Franka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Franko wa Assergi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransiska wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransiska wa Sales Aviat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Adauktus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Antoni Fasani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Blanco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Borja]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Caracciolo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Chieu Van Do]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Choe Kyonghwan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Coll]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko De Geronimo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Diaz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Fogolla]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Gil de Frederich]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Ha Thong Mau]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Isidore Gagelin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Jaccard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Maria wa Camporosso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Marto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane-Fransisko-Regis Clet|Fransisko Regis Clet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Saveri Maria Bianchi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Serrano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Shoyemon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Solano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Spinelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Trung Von Tran]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Asizi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Laval]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Meako]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Mt. Mikaeli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Paola]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Roye]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko wa Sales]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Xavier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko Zhang Rong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fraterno wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fredegandi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frediani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frezali]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Friardi na Sekondeli|Friardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fridesvida]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fridolini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frodobati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Froilano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aigulfi na wenzake|Fronjenti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fronti wa Perigueux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fronto na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Frontoni wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Fruktuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frumensi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao|Frumenti wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frutuoso wa Braga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Frutuosi, Auguri na Euloji|Frutoso wa Tarragona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Frunumi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fulbati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fulgensyo wa Ruspe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fuljensi wa Ecija]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fulkrano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fursei abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === G === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gabrieli Malaika Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gabrieli I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gabrieli II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gabrieli VII wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gabrieli Lalemant]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gabrieli Taurin Dufresse]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gabrieli wa Bikira Maria wa Mateso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gabrieli wa Ize]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaetano Catanoso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaetano Errico]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaetano wa Thiene]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Gagus, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Gaiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Gajola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Galatori]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Galdino wa Sala]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Galgano Guidotti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Galikani mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Galinia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Galla wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gall Mtakatifu|Galus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Galus I wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gangolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Garima|Garima]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma|Garuma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gaspare Bertoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaspare del Bufalo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi wa Brescia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi wa Novara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi wa Ossero]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudensi wa Rimini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudioso wa Brescia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaudioso wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaugeriki wa Cambrai]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gaukeri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gavino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ripsime na wenzake|Gayana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hermes na Gayo|Gayo na Hermes]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Gayo, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gayo wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Gayo, Timotheo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gebardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gebre Menfes Kidus]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane|Gebre Yohane]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Gelasius I|Gelasi I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Gelasi wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Geltrude Comensoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gemma Galgani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Genadi|Genadi na Felisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Genadi wa Astorga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali|Generali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Genetlio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Genoveva Torres Morales]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[George mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[George El Mozahem]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[George Herbert]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Georgi, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Geranus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gerardino wa Sostegno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Gerasi, Karitoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Felisi na wenzao|Gerasi, Revokati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gerasimo wa Yordani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gerlako]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Geroldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Geronsi, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Geronsi, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Geronsi wa Cervia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Geronsi wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Geronsi wa Sevilia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gertrudi wa Thuringia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gerulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gervasi na Protasi|Gervasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Getrude wa Nivelles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gibriani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Giganti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilbati wa Caithness]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilbati wa Meaux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilbati wa Neuffonts]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilberti wa Sempringham]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gildadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gilduino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gimer]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Girgis wa Asiut na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Kunialdi na Gisilari|Gisilari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gisleno]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Givalius]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Giyorgis wa Segla]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gliseri wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gliseria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Glodesinda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Goar]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Goardo na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gobani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gobati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godefrid Duynen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godefrid wa Melveren]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godeleva]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godfredi wa Amiens]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godfredo wa Cappenberg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godric wa Finchale]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Goeriki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Golveni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Reinilde, Grimoaldi na Gondolfi|Gondolfi wa Saintes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gondulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gonsalo Garcia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gonzaga Gonza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Godehard wa Hildesheim|Gotardo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gordiani wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Valeri na wenzao|Gordiani wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gordio wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Gorgoni, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Dorotheo na Gorgoni|Gorgoni wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gorgoni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gorgonia wa Nazienzi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Gorjo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gosbati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gozelino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grani na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria na Grasya|Grasya]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grasyano wa Tours]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati|Grati wa Thagura]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grato wa Aosta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Gregori I|Gregori I]] (Mkuu)||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Gregori II|Gregori II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Gregori III|Gregori III]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Gregori VII|Gregori VII]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori Barbarigo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori Grassi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Gregori Maurus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori Mletamwanga]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori Mtendamiujiza]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori Palamas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Gregori wa Agrigento]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Dekapoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Elvira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Gregori wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Narek]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Nazienzi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Nisa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Spoleto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Tours]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gregori wa Utrecht]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grellan Mtakatifu|Grelan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Reinilde, Grimoaldi na Gondolfi|Grimoaldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Guarino wa Palestrina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Guarino wa Sion]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Guba|Guba]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Gudene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gudula]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gulielmo wa Firenze]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gumbati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gumesindi na Servidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Gumus na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Gundekari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Guntram]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Gurdino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Guria na Samona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwalfadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwenog]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwenole]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwibati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwido Maria Conforti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwido wa Anderlecht]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwido wa Pomposa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gwineari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gyavira Musoke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === H === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Habetdeus wa Teudali]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Habib Girgis]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Habibu wa Edesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hallvard Mtakatifu|Halvard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Hani (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Hani (shemasi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hedwig wa Andechs]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hedwiga wa Polandi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Heimo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofili na Heladi|Heladi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Helaniki na Begei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Helena Mtakatifu|Helena]] ([[mama]] wa [[Konstantino Mkuu]])||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Helena wa Sinope]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Helena wa Uswidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Heliodori na Venusti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Heliodori wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Hemerioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Hemeteri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Heming]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Henri II]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Henri Morse]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Henri Walpole]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Henri wa Ufini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Heraklemon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Herakli, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Herakli na Zosimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Herakli, Parmeni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Herakli, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati, Justus na Herenas|Herenas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Herenia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Heribert wa Cologne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Herma wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Herman wa Alaska]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Hermani Yosefu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Herme, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Filipo na Herme|Herme wa Marmara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Herme wa Numidia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noblus, Marsia, Hermemfi, Fortuni na Jukundi|Hermemfi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hermes na Gayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hermes wa Vidin]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo|Hermogene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Hero]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni na wenzake|Heroni, Arseni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hervei]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Hesiki, Tokwato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hesiki wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Hesiki wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hidulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Hyginus|Higinius (Papa)]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Hilarius|Hilari I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grani na wenzake|Hilari, Grani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Hilari, Migdoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saloni na wenzake|Hilari, Saloni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari na Tasyani|Hilari wa Akwileia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Bremur]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Carcassonne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Mende]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Poitiers]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilari wa Toulouse]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentini na Hilari|Hilari wa Viterbo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Hilaria, Donata na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Hilarini, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilarion bin Saturninus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilarioni Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilarioni Mpya]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proklo na Hilarioni|Hilarioni wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilarioni wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Hilarioni wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilda wa Whitby]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hildegard wa Bingen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hildemarka]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hilduadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hinemodi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Hinus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Hipeas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Hipoliti, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simfroni na Ipoliti|Hipoliti na Simfroni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hipoliti wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Hipus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorata wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Honorati, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Honorati, Dominiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Honorati, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Amiens]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Buzancais]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Subiaco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorati wa Vercelli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Honori, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Honori, Marinus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori|Honori wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honori wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Honorina wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hor, Susia na wanao|Hor, Abahor na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Hor, Susia na wanao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Hormisdas|Hormisda (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Horpresi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hortulani wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Horus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Hospia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hubati wa Liege]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugo wa Cluny]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo| |- |[[Hugo wa Lincoln]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugolino mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hunfridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === I === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Mtakatifu Ia|Ia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Iader]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ianuaria wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ibrahim El-Gohary]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Ida wa Herzfeld]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao|Idefonsi, Fransisko na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ifigenia wa Ethiopia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas Delgado y Cebrián]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas Kim Chejun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas wa Laconi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas wa Santhià]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignas wa Loyola]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti na Ignasi|Ignasi wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ignasi wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ildefonso wa Toledo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ilidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Iltruda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Iluminata wa Todi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Imbenia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Imeri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Indaleti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni, Zenoni na wenzao|Ingene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Injenwino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Innocent I|Inosenti I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Inosenti askofu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Inosenti, Gereoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Inosenti wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Inosenti wa Alaska]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Inosenti wa Imakulata]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Inosenti wa Tortona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Invensyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ipasi, Asiani na Andrea]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ipasi wa Bitinia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ipasi wa Gangra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Iperki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao|Iraya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irenarki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Irene, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irene wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irene wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na Irenei|Irenei na Abondi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irenei wa Pentapoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irenei wa Srijem]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ireneo wa Lyons]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ireus na Atanasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irmina wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Irmingarda wa Koln]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Isaka Jogues]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Isaka Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isaka wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isaka wa Monteluco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isaka wa Ninawi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Isaka wa Tiphre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isarno wa Marseille]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Isauri wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Isaya, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isicho na wenzake|Isicho wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidora mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidora Mpumbavu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arseni na wenzake|Isidori, Arseni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia, Paulo na Isidori|Isidori, Elia na Paulo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro|Isidori, Eroni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidori wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidori wa Kio]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidori wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidori wa Pelusio]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidori wa Skete]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidoro Mkulima]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isidoro wa Sevila]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Isiko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Isitani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Iskirioni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Iskirioni wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ismidoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ita wa Cluain]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati|Italiki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo|Italo, Zotiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Itamari wa Rochester]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Iveta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ivo Helory]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Iyasus Mo'a]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |} === J === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Jakuto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[James Nam]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Janani Luwum]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi|Januari, Adaukti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Januari, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Januari, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Januari na Marsiali|Januari, Fausto na Marsiali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Januari, Filipo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Januari, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Januari, Katulino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Januari, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Januari, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano na Januari|Januari na Mariano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari na Marino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Januari, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari Sanchez Delgadillo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini|Januari, Severi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Januari, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ianuarius wa Abitina|Januari wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari mfiadini|Januari wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Januaria, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Januaria, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Januaria, Vikturus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Janula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jean Baptiste Con]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jean-Charles Cornay]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jean-Louis Bonnard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati|Jelati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Jemini, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jenesi wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jenesi wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi Edwards]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi Majella]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi Sagredo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi wa Brogne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi wa Corbie]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi wa Macon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi wa Potenza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeradi wa Toul]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeremari wa Fly]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jerio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermana Cousin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Jermana, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jerlando wa Agrigento]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermani, Selestini na Santina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermaniko wa Filadelfia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Jermano, Donasyani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano na Randoaldo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano, Theofilo na Sirili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servando na Jermano|Jermano wa Cadiz]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermeri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jero]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu Emiliani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu Hermosilla]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu Lu Tingmei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu wa Pratis]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jeromu wa Weert]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jiminyano wa Modena]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joakima wa Vedruna]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joanisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[John Henry Newman]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joja wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao|Joji, Anububisoyo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji Limniota]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji Preca]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Joji wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Koziba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Mitilene]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Suelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Vabres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jokondiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Jokundi, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Eutropia na wenzao|Jokundo wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jordano Ansalone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Josaphat Mtakatifu|Josaphat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jose Vaz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Josemaría Escrivá]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Isicho na wenzake|Josipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jovenale wa Narni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo|Joviani, Gayo na Filipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joviani wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joviniani wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jovino na Basileo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini na Jovita|Jovita]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juan Diego]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Judikaeli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Judita Vannini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Judoki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Jukundi, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Jukundi, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Jukundi, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noblus, Marsia, Hermemfi, Fortuni na Jukundi|Jukundi, Noblus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Julia, Katulino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Julia, Marinus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Julia, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julia Salzano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Julia wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verisimo, Masima na Julia|Julia wa Lisboa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Julia wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Juliana, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliana Falconieri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliana wa Cornillon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliana wa Firenze]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliana wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliana wa Norwich]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao|Juliana wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani Alfredo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Juliani, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao|Juliani, Dasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Juliani, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Juliani, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Juliani na Posina|Juliani, Modesti na Posina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani na Eunus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Juliani, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani Saba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Ainvarza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Masimiani na Juliani|Juliani wa Beauvais]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Brioude]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Cuenca]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Juliani wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Juliani wa Kapadokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Juliani wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Le Mans]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Misri na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Sora]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani na Sesari|Juliani wa Terracina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Juliani wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juliani wa Toledo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julianus na Basilisa|Julianus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julie Billiart]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Julio Alvarez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Julio wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julita na Kwiriko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Julita wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julita wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Julius I|Julius I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Julius, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Julius, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Julius, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marusi, Restiti na Julius|Julius, Marusi na Restiti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Julius, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius na Aroni|Julius wa Caerleon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius wa Novara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati|Julius wa Thagura]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Junipero Serra]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili|Justili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Justin mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Justini wa Chieti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Justini wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Justiniani I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Justiniani II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Justino de Jacobis]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Justino Maria Russolillo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Justo wa Urgell]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Justus wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juventino na Masimino|Juventino wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === K === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Kadoko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Caius|Kaio (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisari wa Bus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Kaldote]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaletriki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Kalide]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Kalimako]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kalimeri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tirso, Leukio na wenzao|Kaliniko wa Apolonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na Basilisa|Kaliniko wa Galatia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko wa Gangra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Kaliniko wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Kaliniko wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliopi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Kalisti I|Kalisti I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kalisti Caravario]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodota na wanae|Kalisti, Theodota na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Kalisto wa Amorio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parteni na Kalogeri|Kalogeri wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kalojero wa Sisilia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo|Kamaro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kameliano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kamili wa Lellis]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandida Maria wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandida wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandida wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Kandidi, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Kandidi, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Kandidi, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandidi na Piperioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandidi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandidi wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kanio wa Atella]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Kanioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kanoaldi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kansyo na wenzake|Kansyanila]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kansyo na wenzake|Kansyano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kansyo na wenzake|Kansyo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kanuti IV]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kanuto Lavard]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Kapitolini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili, Eujeni na wenzao|Kapitoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Kapitulini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaprasi wa Agen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaprasi wa Lerins]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Karalampo na wenzao|Karalampo, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karalampo na wenzake|Karalampo wa Magnesia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karanogi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karas mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Karauno]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karilefi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Karini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Karisa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Karisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karisima]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Karisimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Karito wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Karitoni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni wa Souka]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Karo, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karoli Borromeo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karoli wa Mlima Argus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karolo Lwanga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karolo Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karolo wa Sezze]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karpo, Papilo na wenzao|Karpo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundi, Karpofori na wenzao|Karpofori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kartaki wa Lismore]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karteri na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Cassianus wa Abitina|Kasiani wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasiani wa Autun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasiani wa Imola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasiani wa Tanja]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasiano wa Benevento]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasilda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasimir Mtakatifu|Kasimiri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasio na Fiorenso|Kasio wa Bonn]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasio wa Narni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Kasius, Gereoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Kasti, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasto na Emilio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori wa Apt]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori wa Karden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simproniani na wenzake|Kastori wa mto Sava]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori wa Tarso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Kastrensi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastrese]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Kastrikio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastrisiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastulo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasyo na Viktorini|Kasyo wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kataldo wa Taranto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katarina wa Uswidi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kateri Tekakwitha]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina Chong Choryom]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina Labouré]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina Tomas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina Volpicelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina wa Genoa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina wa Ricci]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina wa Siena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katerina Yi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Katharine Drexel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Katula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Katulini, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus|Katulus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasio, Zotiko na Kayo|Kayo, Dasio na Zotiko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Kayo, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereali na wenzake|Kayo, Sereali na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kayo na Aleksanda|Kayo wa Frigia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kayo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kayo na Kremensi|Kayo wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kedroni wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Keladioni wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kelidona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kenelmi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaniko abati|Kenneth]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kentigerno]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Keremone, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Keremoni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Kerkas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ketilo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kevin wa Glendalough]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kieran Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kieran wa Saighir]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kiliani wa Wurzburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kim Iulitta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kinga wa Hungaria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agape na Kionia|Kionia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kiriako mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Espero, Zoe na wanao|Kiriako, Theodulo na wazazi wao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kizito]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klara wa Asizi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klara wa Montefalco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klarensi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaro wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaro wa Vienne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Klasiki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Klaudi, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Klaudi, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi wa Condat]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Asteri na Neoni|Klaudi wa Egea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Lupersi na Viktori|Klaudi wa Leon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile|Klaudia, Auriga na Rutile]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Klaudia wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Klaudiani, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki na Klaudiani|Klaudiani wa Hierapoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Klaudiani wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani|Klaudiani wa Perge]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Klaudiano wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudina Thevenet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudio wa Colombiere]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Klaudio wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simproniani na wenzake|Klaudio wa mto Sava]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Clautus wa Abitina|Klauti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klelia Barbieri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Klementi I|Klemens I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klemens Maria Hofbauer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klemens wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klementi na Agatanjelo|Klementi wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klementi wa Ohrid]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kleofa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kleoniki na Eutropi|Kleoniki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kleopatra wa Mlima Tabori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klinio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klod]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klodolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klotilda malkia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kluthi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli, Sabino na wenzao|Kodrati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kointa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolegus na Kolotus|Kolegus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Koleta Boylet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Koliondola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolmani wa Cloyne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolmani wa Dromore]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolmani wa Kilmacduagh]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolmani wa Orkney]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Koloman wa Stockerau]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolomba wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolomba wa Sens]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolegus na Kolotus|Kolotus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolumba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolumba Kim Hyoim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kolumbani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Koluthi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Koluti, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Koneksi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kongal]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Konkordi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konlaedo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kono wa Diano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kono wa Naso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kononi mtunzabustani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kononi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konrad wa Parzham]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Konradi wa Konstanz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konrado wa Piacenza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Konsesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grani na wenzake|Konsesi, Grani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saloni na wenzake|Konsesi, Saloni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Konstansi, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstanti wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Konstantino, Gereoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstantino Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Konstantino wa Amorio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstantino wa Britania]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Konstantino wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstantino wa Gap]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstantino wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Konstantino wa Murom]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Kontardo wa Este]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Konvoyone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Patermuti na wenzake|Kopra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati|Kopriko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korbiniani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korentino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Akida Korneli|Korneli (akida)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Korneli wa Wijk-bij-Durstede]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Kornelio|Korneli (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teoduli, Amesi, Felisi na Kornelia|Kornelia, Teoduli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Korona|Korona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Korus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Cosmas Mtakatifu|Kosma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kosma Takeya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kosma I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Kosma II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Kosma III wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Koskoni, Zenoni na Melanipo|Koskoni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kostabile]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kostansi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kostanso wa Ancona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kostanso wa Aquino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kostanso wa Perugia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Kotili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kayo na Kremensi|Kremensi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Kresensi, Dominiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Kresensi, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Trier|Kresensi, Kostansi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Kresensi, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Kresensi wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Kresenti, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidelis, Felisia na wanao|Kresenti, Fidelis na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresenti wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresenti wa Bizasi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresenti wa Myra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali|Kresentiani wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresentiani wa Afrika Kaskazini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao|Kreshensiani wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni wa Tripoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Kresto, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresto na Papo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Krisanto wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krisanto na Daria|Krisanto wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Krisini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krisogoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano|Krispini, Klaudi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispini mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispini na Krispiniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati|Krispini wa Thagura]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispini na Krispiniani|Krispiniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispino wa Ecija]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispino wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispino wa Viterbo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Krispo wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti, Sabina na Kristeta|Kristeta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristina wa Bolsena]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristina wa Persia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Kristofa, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristofa Magallanes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leovigildi na Kristofa|Kristofa wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristofa wa Lisia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristofa, Antoni na Yohane|Kristofa wa Tlaxcala]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kristos Samra]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Krodegangi wa Metz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Krodegangi wa Seez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kromasi wa Aquileia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Kronide]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Kronio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Krusesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Ksanthi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Ktesifoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kukufas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kunegunda wa Luxemburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kunialdi na Gisilari|Kunialdi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kunibati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kuro wa Konstantinopoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Kwadrati, Pristi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwadrato wa Athens]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwadrato mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwadrato wa Utica]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwartilosa na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwarto (Biblia)]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Kwarto na Kwinto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Kwieto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius|Kwinti, Sofroni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani wa Rodez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo, Dada na Kwintiliani|Kwintiliani wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Kwintiliani wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Kwintini, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintino wa Vermand]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Kwinto, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Kwinto, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Kwinto, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwarto na Kwinto|Kwinto wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwiriaki wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Kwiriako, Marselino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Kwiriani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Kwirili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Kwirini, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Kwirini na wenzao|Kwirini wa Vexin]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fosyo, Arkelao, Kwirino na wenzao|Kwirino wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwirino wa Roma (25 Machi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwirino wa Roma (30 Aprili)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwirino wa Sisak]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Kwirus, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwiteria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === L === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Ladislaus I wa Hungaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lambati wa Freising]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lambati wa Maastricht]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lambati wa Vence]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lambati wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lamberti wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Lambese]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Lampasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Landelini wa Crespin]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Landelini wa Ettenheim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Landeriki wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Landrada]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lanfranko wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lang Yangzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao|Largi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao|Lasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laudo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Launomaro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laura wa Mt. Katerina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Bai Xiaoman]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Company]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Giustiniani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Han Ihyong]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Huong Van Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Maiorano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti-Maria-Yosefu Imbert]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao|Laurenti, Marsiali na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti wa Brindisi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti na Ignasi|Laurenti wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Wang Bing]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti wa Novara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laurenti Mfiadini|Laurenti wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lauriano wa Vatan]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Laveri wa Grumento|Laveri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lawa-Krestos]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Lazaro wa Bethania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lazaro wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lazaro wa Kyoto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lazaro wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lazaro wa Serbia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Lea wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leandri wa Sevilia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leandro wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lebna Dengel]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Lebuino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lelia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Leo I|Leo I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo I wa Cava]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Leo II|Leo II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Leo III|Leo III]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Leo IV|Leo IV]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Leo IX|Leo IX]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Leo, Abundanti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Catania]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leobasi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leodegar wa Autun]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo Ignas Mangin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo Karasuma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Africo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Bayonne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Mantenay]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Mira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leo wa Sens]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leobardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leobini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leokadia wa Toledo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leokrisya]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leoluka]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonardi Veghel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonardi wa Limoges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonardo Murialdo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonardo wa Portomaurizio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Leonida, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Leonida wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonidas wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonides wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Speusipo, Elasipo, Melasipo na Leonila|Leonila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonio wa Poitiers]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Ipasi na Theoduli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Leonsi, Kronide na Serapioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi wa Bordeaux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Leonsi wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Leonsi wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi wa Tarabulus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsya wa Vita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leopoldo III wa Austria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leopoldo Mandich]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Leovigildi na Kristofa|Leovigildi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leto wa Nefta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leucho wa Brindisi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Severus na Leucho|Leucho wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leudini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leufridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tirso, Leukio na wenzao|Leukio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberali wa Altino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberali wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberata mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberata na Faustina|Liberata wa Como]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Liberati wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidelis, Felisia na wanao|Liberati, Fidelis na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Liberiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Liberius|Liberius]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Libertino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Libori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Libosi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liboso wa Beja]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lidano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lidia wa Thiatira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lidwina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lidwini wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lifardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Likano|Likano]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Likarioni na Potamiona|Likarioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Liliosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Linus|Linus (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lioba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liseri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lisini wa Angers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Liteo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Litifridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Litori wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liudgeri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lodoviko Pavoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lonjino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Lonjino wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lonjino wa Pamaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lorcán Ua Tuathail]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lorenzo Ruiz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Louis Martin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luchita]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Lucho, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Lucho, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Lucho, Nemesiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tolomei, Lucho na mwenzao|Lucho, Tolomei na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Lucho wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Lucius I|Lucius I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludmila]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludolfo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amatori, Petro na Ludoviko|Ludoviko, Amatori na Petro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludoviko Ibaraki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludoviko wa Casoria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ludoviko wa Toulouse]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luigi Guanella]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luigi Orione]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luigi Scrosoppi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luiji Maria Palazzolo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luis IX]] wa [[Ufaransa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo|Luis, Egidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luisa wa Marillac]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Alonso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Banabakintu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Hwang Soktu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Kirby]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Loan Ba Vu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka mwinjili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka Thin Viet Pham]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka wa Demenna]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka wa Homs]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka wa Melicuccà]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka wa Messina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Luka wa Nicosia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Lukania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lukio wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lukio wa Kurene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lukresia wa Merida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Lukresya, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lulo wa Mainz]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Luperki wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Lupersi na Viktori|Lupersi, Klaudi na Viktori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupisino wa Condat]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupisino wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupo wa Limoges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupo wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupo wa Sistov]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupo wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupulo wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lupus wa Sens]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Filippini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Kim Kopchu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Kim Nusia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Pak Huisun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Wang Cheng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Wang Wangzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia wa Sirakusa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusia Yi Zhenmei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Lusiani, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Lusiani, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Lusiani, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Lusiani, Manilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Lusiani, Sabino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Lusiani wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Lusiani|Lusiani na Fortunati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Masimiani na Juliani|Lusiani wa Beauvais]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiano na Marsiano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiano wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiano wa Lentini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Lusida, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiferi wa Cagliari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Lusio, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Lusiola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia|Lusioli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Lusius, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Lusius, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius|Lusius, Sofroni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lutgarda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === M === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Mac Cairthinn wa Clogher]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Machani wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na wenzake|Machano, Abondi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Machano wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Machano wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Machano wa Konya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Madelberta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mael Ruain]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mael Ruba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus|Magarus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Cho]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Du Fengju]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Han Yongi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Ho Kyeim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Kim Obi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Pak Pongson]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Sofia Barat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Son Sobyok]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena wa Canossa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena wa Nagasaki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Yi Yongdok]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magdalena Yi Yonghui]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano|Magina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maglori]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magneriki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Magnili, Nino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Magnili, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magnus wa Fuessen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magnus wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magnus wa Orkney]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Magnus wa Trani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Magret Bays]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maimbodo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mainchin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Majoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maior wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Majoriko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makanisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Makari II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Makari III wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Donati, Makari na Theodori|Makari, Donati na Theodori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Makari, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Aleksandria|Makari Kijana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Makari, Vikturus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Diogeni na wenzao|Makari wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Collesano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Gent]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Fayum]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Pelekete]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makari wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Makaria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makrina Mdogo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makrina Mkubwa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Makrobi, Serapioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Valeri na wenzao|Makrobi wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Makroni wa Thoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Maksimila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maximilian Kolbe|Maksimiliani Maria Kolbe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maksimiliani wa Lorch]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maksimiliani wa Tebessa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maksimo Muungamadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Malakia wa Armagh]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Malardo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Malko wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Malko na Aleksanda|Malko wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Malko wa Maronia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Malo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maloni wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Maloso|Maloso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Mamari, Antioko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati|Mamari, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamas wa Awlatos]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mamas wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Mamasi wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamerto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mames na Diskus|Mames]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Mamili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamlacha]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Mamori, Antioko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manaeni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mancho wa Evora]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Manea na wenzao|Manea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Manilo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Mansueti, Donasyani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori|Mansueti wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti wa Urusi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueto wa Toul]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mapaliko na wenzake|Mapaliko]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marana na Sira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Marcha]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marchano Yosefu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marcouf]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Mardoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Margareta wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margaret Clitherow]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margaret Ward]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margareta Maria Alacoque]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margareta wa Hungaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margareta wa Uskoti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margarita Bourgeoys]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margarita wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Margarito Flores]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margerita wa Cesolo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margerita wa Città di Castello]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margerita wa Cortona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Margerita wa Youville]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Mari (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Mari (shemasi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Bikira Maria|Maria (mama wa Yesu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Adolfina Dierk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Alfonsina Danil]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Amandina wa Moyo Mtakatifu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Ana wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria An Guozhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria An Lihua]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Antonia wa Mt. Yosefu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Bernarda Buetler]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Bertila Boscardin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria binti Saturninus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria De Mattias]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Desolata]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Dominika Mantovani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Dominika Mazzarello]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Du Tianshi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Du Zhauzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Elizabeti Hesselblad]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Ermelina wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Eufrasia Pelletier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Eujenia wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Fan Kun]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Fransiska wa Madonda Matano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Fu Guilin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Goretti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Guadalupe Garcia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Guliema Emilia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Guo Lizhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Katharina Kasper]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Klara Nanetti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Kresensya Hoess]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Maajabu wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Magdalena]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Magdalena Postel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Magdalena wa Pazzi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Mikaela Desmaisieres]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Msulubiwa Di Rosa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria na Grasya]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Pak Kunagi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Qi Yu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Rivier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Senofonte, Maria na wanao|Maria, Senofonte na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Teresa Chiramel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Amani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Bethania]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Maria wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Kleopa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Flora na Maria|Maria wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Msaada]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Msalaba MacKillop]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Mt. Natalia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Mt. Yusto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Mlima Karmeli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Purisima]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Umwilisho Guyart]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Maria wa Yesu Ekaristi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Wang Lizhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Won Kwiim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Yi Indok]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Yi Yonhui]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Yosefa Rossello]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Yosefa wa Moyo wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Zhao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Zhao Guozhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Zheng Xu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Maria Zhou Wuzhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariam Baouardy]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Mariani, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano na Januari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Mariano wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina wa Bitinia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina wa Omura]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari na Marino|Marino na Januari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marino shemasi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marino wa Tarso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Marinus, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Marinus, Viktori na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marinus na Asteri|Marinus wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Marinus wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Mario, Antioko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mario, Martha, Audifas na Abako|Mario, Martha na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mario wa Bodon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Marjabu wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Markelmo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Markiano II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mwinjili Marko|Marko]] [[Wainjili|Mwinjili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Marko|Marko (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Marko, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Marko, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko Chong Uibae]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Marko, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko Ji Tianxiang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko Krisini na wenzake|Marko Krisini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko mkaapweke (Libya)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko mkaapweke (mwandishi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko mkaapweke (Misri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko mtawa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Marko, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino, Marko na Valeri|Marko, Rufino na Valeri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko wa Aretusa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko wa Efeso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Marko na Musiani|Marko wa Mesia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko na Marseliani|Marko wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi na wenzake|Marmari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marolo wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maroni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maroni mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Marsela wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsela wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Marseli, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marseli wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko na Marseliani|Marseliani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselina wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Marcellinus|Marselino (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arjeo, Narsisi na Marselino|Marselino, Arjeo na Narsisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino Champagnat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino na Petro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino wa Ancona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino wa Embrun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Manea na wenzao|Marselino wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Marcellus I|Marselo I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Apamea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Chalon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Die]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselo wa Tanja]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia|Marsia, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi|Marsia, Marina na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noblus, Marsia, Hermemfi, Fortuni na Jukundi|Marsia, Noblus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika|Marsia, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Marsiali, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Januari na Marsiali|Marsiali, Fausto na Januari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Marsiali, Filipo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Marsiali, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali|Marsiali, Rogati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Marsiali, Silvani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiali wa Limoges]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Marsiali wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia|Marsiana na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiana wa Mauretania]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Marsiani, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fortunati na Marsiani|Marsiani na Fortunati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Marsiano, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao|Marsiano, Marko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiri na Marsiano|Marsiano na Martiri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikandro na Marsiano|Marsiano na Nikandro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano wa Kalsedonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano wa Siracusa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano wa Tortona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marta wa Antiokia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martha binti Pusisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martha Kim Songim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mario, Martha, Audifas na Abako|Martha, Mario na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martha mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martha wa Bethania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martha Wang Luoshi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Martin I|Martin I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martin de Porres]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martin-Luc Huin]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martin Luther King, Jr.]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Martin Tho]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martin Tinh Duc Ta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martina wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prosesi na Martiniani|Martiniani wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniano wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Braga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Huerta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Kupaa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Msalaba Mtakatifu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Mondragone]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Saujon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martino Wu Xuesheng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Martinus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Martiri, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiri na Marsiano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Marubi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marusi, Restiti na Julius]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maruta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maryahb]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masedoni, Patrisia na Modesta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masedoni, Teoduli na Tasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masensi wa Poitiers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masensi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masima bikira]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Masima, Januari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Montani na Masima|Masima na Montani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verisimo, Masima na Julia|Masima wa Lisboa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda|Masima wa Taburba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maximianus wa Abitina|Masimiani wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimiani wa Bagai]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Masimiani na Juliani|Masimiani wa Beauvais]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Masimiani wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Masimiani wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimiano wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimiano wa Siracusa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimiliani wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimino wa Aix]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Juventino na Masimino|Masimino wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimino wa Micy]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimino wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Masimo, Migdoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo na Domasi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Masimo padri mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saloni na wenzake|Masimo, Saloni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Masimo, Silvani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tibursi, Valeriani na Masimo|Masimo, Tibursi na Valeriani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Diogeni na wenzao|Masimo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Asia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Chinon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Cumae]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Masimo wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Masimo wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Limony]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Nola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Padova]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Masimo wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Riez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo, Dada na Kwintiliani|Masimo wa Silistra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Torino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Vuchim]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masimo wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maskula]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Materno wa Koln]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Materno wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Mathayo|Mathayo Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mathayo I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mathayo II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mathayo Alonzo Leciniana]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mathayo Correa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mathayo Dac Phuong Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mathayo Gam Van Le]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mathayo Kohioye]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea wa Soveral na wenzake|Mathayo Moreira]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Mathia|Mathia Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Matia Feng De]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Matia Marko]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Matia wa Meako]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Matia wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Matias Mulumba Kalemba]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Matilda wa Ringelheim]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Matlan Tabibu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Matrona wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Matrona wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Matrona wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Matthew Ayariga]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Maturini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maturus wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maura]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maura wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Mauriani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Maurila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maurili]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtakatifu Mauro|Mauro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauro mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei|Mauro, Modesti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papia na Mauro|Mauro na Papia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Mauro, Venansi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauro wa Cesena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauro wa Parenzo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauro wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauronti abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mauronti wa Marseille]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mavilus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mayolo wa Cluny]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mbaga Tuzinde]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Medadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Medaduli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mederiki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Medilama]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Meinradi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mel]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melani wa Rennes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melania Kijana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Koskoni, Zenoni na Melanipo|Melanipo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Melas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Speusipo, Elasipo, Melasipo na Leonila|Melasipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Melei, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Melei, Serapioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia|Melesi na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melesi wa Sanaklar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melesyo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melito wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melito wa Sardi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melki wa Klusma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Melkiori García Sampedro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko Krisini na wenzake|Melkiori Grodziecki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Memi, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Memi wa Chalons]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao|Memia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Memno wa Misri]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Memno wa Viza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Memori na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mena wa Molise]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Menandri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbani, Theodori na wenzao|Menedemo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Menei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Menelanti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Menelao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Menelei wa Menat]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Menesidei na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Menigni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Merkuri wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Merkuria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Merkuriali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Mesto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Meteri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Methodi wa Thesalonike]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Metodi I wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Metodi wa Olimpo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Metras|Metras na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Metrobi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Metrofane wa Bizanti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Metroni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Meugan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Meuris wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Meveni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Migdoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mijin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika|Mika, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mikaeli II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mikaeli III wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mikaeli IV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mikaeli V wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Mikaeli de la Mora]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Dinh-Hy Ho]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Febres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Malaika Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli My Huy Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Garicoits]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Kozaki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli Kurobioye]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli wa Aozaraza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli wa Aragave]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli wa Sinnada]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mikaeli wa Watakatifu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Milburga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Miltiades|Miltiades (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Miniato wa Firenze]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Miro wa Kuziko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mirokle]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mirope wa Kio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Misaeli mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Misori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mitri wa Aix]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mitrofani Chi Sung]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Moallem Malati]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Masedoni, Patrisia na Modesta|Modesta, Masedoni na Patrisia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesta wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti Andlauer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Juliani na Posina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Modesti, Kastuli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti na Amoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti wa Trier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modoaldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mohrael]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Moisei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Molaise]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Molia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Moluag]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Momoli wa Fleury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Monasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Monegunda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Monika]] ([[mama]] wa [[Agostino wa Hippo]])||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Moninne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake|Montani, Hugal na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Montani na Masima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Montano wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Monulfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mora wa Benhor]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Morandi wa Cluny]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Morandi wa Douai]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Morisi Duaod]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Morisi wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Maurice Mtakatifu|Morisi wa Thebe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Mose, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Moses wa Psammaniu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mosyo wa Bizanti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mosyo wa Homs]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mugagga Lubowa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Muredak]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Murita wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Musa, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Musa Mwafrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Musa Mwarabu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Musa, Palidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Musa wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Museo, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Musiani Maria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko na Musiani|Musiani wa Mesia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mustiola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Mustoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === N === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Nabore]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Nabori, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani|Nafiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Namfamo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Namfamoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Narno wa Bergamo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Narsete na Yosefu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Narsisa wa Yesu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Arjeo, Narsisi na Marselino|Narsisi, Arjeo na Marselino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus|Narsisi, Viktori na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Narsisi wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Natalia wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Natei]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nathalan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nazari na Chelsi|Nazari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nazaria Ignasya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Nemesi wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Nemesiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini|Nemorati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Neofito wa Nisea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Neofito wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Asteri na Neoni|Neoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Neopuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Neot Mtakatifu|Neot]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Nepori, Abidiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Nerei, Martiniani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nerei mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Nerses Shnorhali]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Nestabo na wenzao|Nestabo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Nestabo na wenzao|Nestori, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nestori wa Magido]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Nika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikanda mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Nikanda wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikanori mwinjilisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Nikandro, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikandro na Herme]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikandro na Marsiano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Kwirini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi wa Heeze]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Eutropia na wenzao|Nikasi wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Nike]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikodemo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikodemo wa Cirò]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Nikolasi I|Nikola I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola II wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Nikola na Trano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola Owen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola Pieck]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola Politi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola Poppel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola Tavelic]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Flue]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikolasi wa Myra|Nikola wa Mira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Sassoferrato]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Studion]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Tolentino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola wa Trani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikolai wa Japani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Nikolai Velimirovic]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Nikolasi Saggio wa Longobardi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikolasi Thé Duc Bui]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikomedi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikon wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Nikoni wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Nikoni wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikoni wa Sparta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simproniani na wenzake|Nikostrati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nil Sorsky]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Nilamoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Nilo, Peleo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nilo wa Rossano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nilo wa Sinai]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nimattullah Kassab Al-Hardini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini|Nimfidi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ninian Mtakatifu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino wa Georgia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Nise]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Nisefori, Abundanti na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antonini, Nisefori na wenzao|Nisefori, Antonini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Nisefori, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Nisefori wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Nisefori wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseforo wa Konstantinopoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo|Niseta, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseta Mgoti|Nikita]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseta wa Medikion]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseta wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseta wa Remesiana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Niseti, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseti wa Besancon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseti wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseti wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Niseti wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Nisia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Nobilitani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noblus, Marsia, Hermemfi, Fortuni na Jukundi|Noblus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Noe Mawaggali]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Noeli Chabanel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Nonina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akonsi na wenzake|Nono wa Fiumicino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nonoso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Didara, Bisoe na Nor|Nor, Didara na Bisoe]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Norbert wa Xanten]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nostriano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Notburga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nothelm wa Canterbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Numidiko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Nunesia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nunilona na Alodia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nuno Alvares]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nunzio Sulprizio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === O === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Odilo wa Cluny]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Odo wa Cluny]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Odo wa Urgell]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Odrada]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oengus]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori|Oktavi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oktaviani wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Olaf II Haraldsson]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Olegari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Olga wa Kiev]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Olga wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Olimpia wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oliva wa Anagni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oliva wa Brescia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oliva wa Palermo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oliver Plunkett]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Omobono]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Onesiforo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onesimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onesimo Nesib]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Onioni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onofri wa Panaia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onorata wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onorati wa Bennefa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Onufri mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oportuna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optasiani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Optati wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optatus wa Milevi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Optioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Orati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Oreste, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eustrasi na wenzake|Oreste, Eustrasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oreste wa Tyana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oriensi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orikuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Orioni, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi|Orioni, Apolo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Orioni wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orisi mmonaki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ormisda wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Oro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oronsi, Vinsenti na Vikta|Oronsi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orsisius]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orso wa Aosta]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orso wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orso wa Loches]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Orso wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ortari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni|Ortasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Orus, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Osburga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oscar Romero]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Oseani wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ositha]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Osmundi wa Salisbury]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ospisi wa Nizza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Ostriki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oswadi wa York]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oswald wa Northumbria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Otilia wa Alsasya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Otimus]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Oto mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Oto wa Ariano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Otto wa Bamberg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oyand wa Condat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === P === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Pafnusi Mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pafnusi wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Pafnusi wa Nitria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Pafnusi wa Tebe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Pafnusi wa Tentyra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paisius Velichkovsky]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| &nbsp; |- |[[Pakomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori|Pakomi, Esiki na Theodori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Paladi, Kotili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paladi wa Uskoti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia|Paladia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Palemoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma|Palemoni, Batazoni na Garuma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni|Palikoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Palmasi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Palmato]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pamaki wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pambo wa jangwani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Pambo mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pamfili wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Panfilo wa Beirut]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo wa Sulmona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pankrasi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Pankrasi wa Taormina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pansofi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pantagati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pantaleo wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Pantaleo wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Panteleoni|Pantelewon]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Panteno]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Panteri, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Panteri wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Panubri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Panus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Papa wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa wa Seleukia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Papas, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papia na Mauro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Felisi na wenzao|Papia, Vikta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Papia wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani|Papia wa Perge]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papias]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Papias, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Papias, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papias na Donati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Papias, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Papias wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karpo, Papilo na wenzao|Papilo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papiniani wa Vita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papiri wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresto na Papo|Papo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abidiani na wenzake|Paposiniki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parakodi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paride wa Teano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parisi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmena mwinjilisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parsoma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Parteni wa Lampsaki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parteni na Kalogeri|Parteni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Pasamona]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Paskasi, Arkadi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasiano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasiensi wa Metz]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasienti wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasifiko wa San Severino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasikrate na Valensyoni|Pasikrate]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni|Pasimoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Paskali I|Paskali I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paskali Baylon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paskari wa Nantes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paskasi Radberti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paskasi wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Pastene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusti na Pastori|Pastori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patapi wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Patermusi, Peleo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patermuti na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paterni wa Avranches]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paterni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paterni wa Vannes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paterniani wa Fano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Paternika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patrick wa Ireland]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patrisi Dong Bodi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Masedoni, Patrisia na Modesta|Patrisia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Patroklo wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa, Paula na Agatonika|Paula, Basa na Agatonika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paula Elizabeti Cerioli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paula Frassinetti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paula Montal]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paula wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki na Paula|Paula wa Urusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Paulilo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Paulina, Donata na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulina wa Fulda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulina Visintainer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Pauliniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulino wa Nola]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulino wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulinus wa York|Paulino wa York]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Paulo|Paulo Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Paulo I|Paulo I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Paulo VI|Paulo VI]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo I wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Paulo, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Aureliani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Paulo, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Paulo, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Chen Changpin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Chong Hasang]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Denn]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Duong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo|Paulo, Egidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Elia, Paulo na Isidori|Paulo, Elia na Isidori]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Eusiri na wenzao|Paulo, Eusiri na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Paulo, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Ge Tingzhu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Hanh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Ho Hyob]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Hong Yongju]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Ibaraki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Paulo, Kaliniko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Paulo, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Khoan Khan Pham]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Paulo, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Paulo, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Lang Fu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Liu Hanzuo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Liu Jinde]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Loc Van Le]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Miki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Mnyofu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Erakli na Paulo|Paulo na Erakli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Nguyen Ngan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Nguyen Van My]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Paulo, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Paulo, Silvani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Suzuki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Tinh Bao Le]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Tong Buong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Paulo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Paulo wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Paulo wa Iamnia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentina, Thea na Paulo|Paulo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Kupro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Andrea, Paulo na Dionisya|Paulo wa Lapseki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Paulo wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Msalaba]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Narbonne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Prusa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Tammah]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Paulo wa Tebe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Trois-Chateaux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo wa Verdun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Wu Juan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo Wu Wanshu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Pauside wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori na Pausilipi|Pausilipi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pavel wa Taganrog]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Pedrog]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Asidini na wenzake|Pegasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Pekida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelagia wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelaji wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelaji wa Konstanz]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelegrino Laziosi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu na Pelegrino|Pelegrino wa Antiokia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Isauri, Inosenti na wenzao|Pelegrino wa Pojani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao|Peleoniki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelusius wa Abitina|Pelusi wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pelusi wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Penika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karitoni na wenzake|Peoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pere Ermengol]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pere Sans Jorda]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Peregrini wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Ponsiani na wenzao|Peregrino, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Perfekto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Perpetua Mtakatifu|Perpetua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Perpetua Hong Kimju]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Perpetua, Marinus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Perpetui wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Persei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Petheko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Petro|Petro Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro I wa Sebaste]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Petro, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Almató]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Amatori, Petro na Ludoviko|Petro, Amatori na Ludoviko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni|Petro, Andrea, Yohane na Antoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Petro, Antioko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Apselamo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Aumaitre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Baptista]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Calungsod]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Cho Hwaso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Choe Changhub]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Choe Hyong]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Chong Wonji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Claver]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Da]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Peter Damian|Petro Damiani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Dong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Dung Van Dinh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Duong Van Truong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Esqueda]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Petro, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Favre]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro-Filibati Maubant]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Fourier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Fransisko Néron]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro-Henri Dorie]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Hieu Van Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Hong Pyongju]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Juliani Eymard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Petro, Kaliniko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Kamino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Kanisi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Khanh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Petro, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Petro, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Krisologo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Kwon Tugin]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Li Quanhui]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Liu Wenyuan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Liu Ziyu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Malasanch]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Maldonado]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro na Afrodisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Nam Kyongmun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Nolasco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Nguyen Khac Tu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Nguyen Van Luu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Nguyen Van Tu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Orseolo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Poveda]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Qui Cong Doan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Regalado]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Petro, Sabino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Severus na Leucho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Peter Chanel|Petro Shanel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Son Sonji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Spano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Sukejiro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Thi Van Truong Pham]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Tomaso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Tuan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Tuan Ba Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Tuy Le]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Van Van Doan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Vincioli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Vo Bang Khoa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Vu Van Truat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro III wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro IV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro VII wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro wa Alkantara]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Anagni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Arbues]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Argo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Assche]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Bearn]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Betancur]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Cava]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Chavanon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Petro wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Ethiopia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Petro wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Iberia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro wa Kapitolias]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Andrea, Paulo na Dionisya|Petro wa Lapseki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro na Ermogene|Petro wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Moutiers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Mt. Maria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Narbone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Dorotheo na Gorgoni|Petro wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Osma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Poitiers]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Manea na wenzao|Petro wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Wang Erman]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Wang Zuolong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa San Gemini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Sebaste]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Petro wa Trevi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro wa Verona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Wu Guosheng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Wu Anpeng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Yi Hoyong]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Yi Myongso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Yu Chongnyul]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Yu Tae-chol]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Zhang Banniu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Zhao Mingzhen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro Zhou Rixin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Petroni wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petronila wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petronio wa Die]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Pia, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Piamun]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Piato]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Piensi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Kwirini na wenzao|Piensya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pier Giorgio Frassati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pierio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pierre Borie]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pierre Dumoulin-Borie]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pijimi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Pikti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pimeni wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Piniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pinito wa Knoso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Pinuti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pio wa Pietrelcina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Pioni wa Smirna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kandidi na Piperioni|Piperioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Piran Mtakatifu|Piran]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pirmini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pishoi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Basa na wanae|Pisto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Pius I|Pius I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Pius V|Pius V]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Pius X|Pius X]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtakatifu Plasido|Plasido (Mbenedikto)]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plasido na Sigisbati|Plasido wa Disentis]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plato wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plato wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi|Plausi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Plebri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plekelmi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Pleni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Pleosi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Plesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Plesius]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Plutarko wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Poemen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao|Poemi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Poliano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polidori Plasden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili|Polieni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polieuto wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polieuto wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polikarpo Mtakatifu|Polikarpo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polikarpo wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abundanti na wenzake|Polokroni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pompei wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pompili Maria Pirrotti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Pompini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pomponi wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pomponia wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pomposa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Ponsiani na wenzao|Ponsiani, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ponsyano Ngondwe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Pontian|Ponsyano (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ponsyano wa Spoleto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ponsyo wa Cimiez]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ponsyo wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Ponsyo wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ponsyo wa Pradleves]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pontio Pilato]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Poponi abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereali na wenzake|Populi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karalampo na wenzake|Porfiri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Porkari na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Porfiri, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Porfiri, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Porfiri wa Gaza]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Porsiani abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Posesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Posidi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Modesti, Juliani na Posina|Posina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo|Postiniana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati|Potamia, Julius na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Potamia, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Potamiena wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Likarioni na Potamiona|Potamiona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Potamoni, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potamoni wa Herakleopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabiniani na Potensyani|Potensyani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potinus wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potito wa Sardica]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prasede wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Preieto na Amarino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Presidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Babila na wenzake|Prilidani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Lasi na wenzao|Prima, Emiliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Prima, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prima wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Primiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Primitivi, Basiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fakundi na Primitivi|Primitivi na Fakundi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primitivi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Primitivi wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Primitivi wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo na Donato]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Primo, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Primo, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Primo wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Primo na Felisiani|Primo wa Mentana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prinsipi wa Soissons]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni|Priori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwila na Priska|Priska (mke wa Akwila)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Priska wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Prisko, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Malko na Aleksanda|Prisko wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko wa Nocera]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Pristi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Privata]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Privati, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evasi na Privati|Privati na Evasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Privati wa Mende]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Privatula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarako, Probo na Androniko|Probo, Tarako na Androniko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Probo wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Probo wa Rieti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proklo na Hilarioni|Proklo wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proklo wa Bisignano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proklo wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokolo wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokopi Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basili na Prokopi|Prokopi na Basili]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokopi wa Sazava]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokoro mwinjilisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Prokula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prokulo, Eutisi na Akusi|Prokulo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ares, Promo na Elia|Promo, Aresi na Elia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Promo, Paskasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Proposi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prosdosimi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prosesi na Martiniani|Prosesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prospa wa Akwitania]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prospa wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prospa wa Reggio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prospa wa Tarragona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Protadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Protasi Chong Kukbo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Gervasi na Protasi|Protasi na Gervasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Protasi wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Protea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi|Protei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereali na wenzake|Proteri, Sereali na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proteri wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Proto, Basiano na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proto na Yasinto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Proto wa Aquileia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Provino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prudensi wa Tarazona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prudensi wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publi wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Publi wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publia wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Parmeni na wenzake|Publio, Parmeni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Vikta, Herme na Papias]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio wa Athene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Puplikano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pulkeria wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Puplikano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni bar Sabas na wenzake|Pusayk]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pusisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} ===Q=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Quintus wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Quodvultdeus]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === R === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Rabanus Maurus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Radegunda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafaela Maria wa Moyo Mtakatifu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafaeli Arnaiz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafaeli Guizar]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafaeli Kalinowski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafaeli Malaika Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès|Rafka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Raimundi Gayrard]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Raimundi Li Quanzhen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Raimundi wa Penyafort]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Raineri wa Split]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rais bikira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ramon Nonat]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ramon wa Fitero]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano na Randoaldo|Randoaldo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ranieri wa Forcona]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ranieri wa Pisa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Raphael wa Brooklyn]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao|Reatri, Dasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rebeka wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Regiola wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi na Regula|Regula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Regulo wa Senlis]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Reinilde, Grimoaldi na Gondolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Reinoldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Rejina, Marselino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rejina wa Alise]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rejinaldo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Rekombi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Rekumbi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Remakli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rembati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teridi na Remedi|Remedi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Remi Isore]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Remi wa Reims]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Remi wa Rouen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Renato Goupil]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Renato wa Sorrento]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Renula]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Reparata]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Respektati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marusi, Restiti na Julius|Restiti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Restituta wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Restituta wa Teniza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Restituti wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Restitutus wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Retisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Sekunduli na wenzao|Revokati wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revocatus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokata (6 Februari)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Richadi Gwyn]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Richadi wa Andria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Richard Reynolds]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Richard wa Chichester]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Richard wa Sussex]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rikarda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rikardo Pampuri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rikari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rikitrude]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rikovero wa Lippi-Uguccioni|Rikovero]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rinaldo wa Nocera]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Rino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ripsime na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Risini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rita wa Cascia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Robati Lawrence]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Robati Southwell]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Robati wa Chaise-Dieu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Robati wa Molesme]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Robati wa Newminster]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roberto Bellarmino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roderiki na Solomoni|Roderiki wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Roderiko Aguilar]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rodingo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rodolfo wa Gubbio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Diodori na Rodopiani|Rodopiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Rogasyani, Akuta na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donasiani na Rogasiani|Rogasyani na Donasyani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani|Rogasyani, Kastori na Vikta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Rogasyani, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogatianus wa Abitina|Rogasyani wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogasyani wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Rogata, Donata na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Rogati, Aprili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aresi na Rogati|Rogati na Aresi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati na Suchesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Rogati, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogatus wa Abitina|Rogati wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Rogati wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Rogato, Kastuli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogeli na Abdala|Rogeli wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Roko, Alfonso na Yohane|Roko Gonzalez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roko wa Montpellier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano Adame]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Romano, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano Mwimbaji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Blaye]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Condat]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romano wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romariki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romedi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Romolo wa Fiesole]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Romualdo Abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Romulo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ronano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rosa Fransiska Molas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rosa Kim Nosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rosa Venerini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rosa wa Lima]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rosalia Bikira]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roselina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Rosyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Roza Chen Aixie]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roza Eluvathingal]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roza Fan Hui]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Roza Zhao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Rozikya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rudesindo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rudolf Sherwin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufilo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufina na Sekunda]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusta na Rufina|Rufina wa Sevilia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeri na Rufini|Rufini wa Soissons]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Rufiniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Rufino, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Epifani, Donati na Rufini|Rufino, Epifani na Donati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino, Marko na Valeri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino na Rufo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino wa Asizi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino na Rufo|Rufo na Rufino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo na Zosimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi, Faustini na wenzao|Rufo, Simplisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo wa Avignon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Rufo wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ruma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rumoldi wa Mechelen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rupati wa Bingen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rupert wa Salzburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Rustiko, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Rustiko, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rustiko wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Rustiko wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rustiko wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rustiko wa Narbonne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rustiko wa Paris]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rustikula]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Rustisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali|Rusula]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile|Rutile]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rutilio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Rutuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === S === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Saba abati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saba Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saba Mgoti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saba Reyes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Sabiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti, Sabina na Kristeta|Sabina wa Avila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabina wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Sabiniani wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabiniani na Potensyani|Sabiniani wa Sens]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabiniani wa Troyes]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Sabiniano wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emanueli, Sabino na wenzao|Sabino, Emanueli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino wa Canosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino wa Minya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino wa Piacenza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Sabino wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino wa Spoleto]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sadoth na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake|Safo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sagari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saizana]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Salaberga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salib]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Salito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salome (mke wa Zebedayo)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saloni na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saloni wa Geneva]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Salunus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salutari wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alois Batis na wenzake|Salvatore Lara]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvatore wa Belluno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvatore wa Horta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Salvatori, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvio wa Albi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvio wa Amiens]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvio na Superio|Salvio wa Angouleme]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvius mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Salvus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Guria na Samona|Samona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Samsoni wa Dol]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Samsoni wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Samueli mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Samueli wa Kalamun]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Samueli wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Samweli, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Samweli wa Dabra Wagag]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Samweli wa Waldebba]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sanami]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao|Sancho]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sanctius wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sandali wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermani, Selestini na Santina|Santina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Santino wa Verdun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi|Sapargi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sara na wanae]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sara wa jangwani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sarmata]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Sarmata, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Sarpando]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saserdosi wa Limoges]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Saserdosi wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Satiro wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Satuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Felisi na wenzao|Saturi, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Saturi, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Saturi, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Sekunduli na wenzao|Saturi wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturiani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Saturnina, Donata na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnina wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini (2 Februari)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini (6 Februari)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Saturnini, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Saturnini, Aprili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Saturnini, Dominiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Felisi na wenzao|Saturnini, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Grani na wenzake|Saturnini, Grani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Saturnini, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Saturnini, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Saturnini, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Saturnini, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Saturnini, Marselino na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturnini, Martiniani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini|Saturnini, Nimfidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Saturnini, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali|Saturnini, Rogati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Sekunduli na wenzao|Saturnini, Sekunduli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao|Saturnini, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini wa Karthago (askofu)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini wa Karthago (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Saturnini wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Saturnini wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Saturnini wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Saturnini wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini wa Toulouse]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Saturnini wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturninus wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturninus bin Saturninus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturninus wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturus wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturus wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sava wa Serbia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Saviniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sebaldi wa Nurnberg]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sebastiani mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sebastiani Nam Igwan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sebastiani wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sebi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Sehma|Sehma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Friardi na Sekondeli|Sekondeli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Sekondiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekondina wa Anagni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekondini wa Kordoba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekondino wa Apulia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekondinus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Secunda wa Abitina|Sekunda wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda|Sekunda wa Taburba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Sekundi, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Sekundi, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Sekundi, Dominiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Sekundi, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini|Sekundi, Severi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao|Sekundi, Silvani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Sekundi, Tokwato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundi, Karpofori na wenzao|Sekundi wa Albano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili|Sekundili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Sekundini, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundini wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Sekundini wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Demokrito na wenzake|Sekundo, Demokristo na Dionisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Sekundo, Fidensyani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundo wa Asti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundo wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Revokati, Sekunduli na wenzao|Sekunduli wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundulo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekwani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Seledoni, Artilai na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emeteri na Seledoni|Seledoni na Emeteri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Seleni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Selerina wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Selerino wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Celestine I|Selestini I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Celestine V|Selestini V]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermani, Selestini na Santina|Selestini, Jermani na Santina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Seleuko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieronide, Leonsi na wenzao|Seleusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati|Seliani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Seliano, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Selifloria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Selso wa Armagh]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Semproni wa Afrika]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senari wa Avranches]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senatori wa Albano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senatori wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senatro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abdon na Senen|Senen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Seneriko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senofonte, Maria na wanao|Senofonte]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senorina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sensuri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sentola]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Senuthi wa Buasti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi|Septimi, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi|Septimi, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Septimi, Venansi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Septimia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Septimini, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Septimus wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serafino wa Montegranaro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Serafino wa Sarov]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Serapioni, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Serapioni, Kronide na Leonsi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirius na Serapioni|Serapioni na Sirius]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Serapioni, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili|Serapioni, Polieni na Justili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni|Serapioni, Potamoni na Ortasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereali na wenzake|Serapioni, Sereali na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni wa Algiers]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Serapioni wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Serapioni wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Serapioni wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni wa Pentapoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni wa Thmuis]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Manea na wenzao|Serapioni wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serboni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serdo askofu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Serea]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereali na wenzake|Sereali]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Sereni, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Sereno wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sereno wa Marseille]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sergi wa Radonezh]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Sergius I|Serjo I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sergius Mtakatifu|Serjo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donata, Paulina na wenzao|Serotina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servando na Jermano|Servando]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servatius Mtakatifu|Servasyo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gumesindi na Servidi|Servidi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Serviliani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sulpisi na Servisyani|Servisyani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Servuli wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servulo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servulo wa Trieste]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Servus wa Tuburbium]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Servyo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Sesarei, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesari wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesari wa Nazianzo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesari wa Terracina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesaria wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Sesili, Tokwato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesili wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesilia mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Caecilia wa Abitina|Sesilia wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sesilia Yu Sosa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Sesiliana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Caecilianus wa Abitina|Sesiliani wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Sesiliani wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Setei]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Setimini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Setimino, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Setimo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Setrida]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Severa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Severi, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori|Severi wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi mfiadini|Severi wa Algeria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Severiani, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundi, Karpofori na wenzao|Severiani wa Albano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severianus na Akwila|Severianus wa Kaisarea]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini Boesyo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini, Esuperi na Felisiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini wa Bordeaux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini wa Paris]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severini wa Tivoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severino Gallo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Severino wa Agaune]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severino wa Koln]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severino wa Noriko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severino wa Settempeda]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Agde]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Antrodoco]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Auch]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Barcelona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Catania]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severo wa Viza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Severus na Leucho|Severus, Petro na Leucho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Sevi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Shamul wa Taraphia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sharbel na Bebaya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sharda Hawaryat]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Shenuda I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Shenute]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Shibaldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siagri wa Autun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siagri wa Nice]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sidhom Bishay]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Sidino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sidoni Apolinari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sifredi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sigebati III]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sigimundi Felinski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sigimundi Gorazdowski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Plasido na Sigisbati|Sigisbati wa Disentis]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sigismundi wa Bourgogne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sigolena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Silano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silinia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silivi wa Toulouse]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Silo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Silvani, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvani, Rutuli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Silvani, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvano wa Gaza na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvano wa Homs]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Silvano wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvano wa Levroux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Silvano wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvano wa Terracina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Silverius|Silveri (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Silvester I|Silvesta I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvesta Guzzolini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvesta wa Chalon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvesta wa Troina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Silvi, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvia wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Silvino wa Auchy]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Simako|Simako (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni I wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Simeoni II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie|Simeoni Afamarie]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni bar Sabas na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni-Fransisko Berneux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni Metafraste]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Simeoni Mirotocivi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Simeoni Mwanateolojia Mpya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Simeoni Mwenye Haki]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni Mweusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni na Yohane|Simeoni wa Homs]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Simeoni wa Kashkar (padri)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Simeoni wa Kashkar (shemasi)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni wa Mantova]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni wa Mnarani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni wa Mnarani Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni wa Siracusa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni wa Thou]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simetri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Similiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simfroni na Ipoliti|Simfroni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simon Hoa Dac Phan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni Chen Ximan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni-Maria-Yusto Ranfer de Bretenières]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni Mkananayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni Mshonangozi]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Simoni Qin Chunfu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Crepy]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Kurene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Lara]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Lipnica]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Rojas]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Simoni wa Tapcho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Simplicius|Simplisi (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi, Faustini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Simplisi, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi wa Autun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simproniani na wenzake|Simplisi wa mto Sava]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi wa Sardinia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simproniani na wenzake|Simproniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sindolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforiani wa Autun]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinkletika]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sipriani wa Genouillac]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sipriani mfiadini|Sipriani wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sipriani na Yustina|Sipriani wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sipriani wa Unizibira]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siprila wa Kurene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marana na Sira|Sira]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sireno wa Sirmio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaka wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaka wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Siriaki, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Apolinari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Siriaki na Siriaki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni|Siriaki, Tuliani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika|Siriaki, Valeria na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki na Klaudiani|Siriaki wa Hierapoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki na Paula|Siriaki wa Urusi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriako wa Buonvicino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriako na Arkelao|Siriako wa Ostia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Siriko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili Bertràn]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Sirili, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili wa Eliopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano, Theofilo na Sirili|Sirili wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili wa Saloniki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili wa Aleksandria|Sirili I wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sirili IV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sirili V wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sirili VI wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Sirili wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfio na wenzake|Sirini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Sirioni, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Siricius|Sirisi (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Sirisi wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirius askofu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirius na Serapioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siro na Yohane|Siro wa Canopus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siro wa Genova]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siro wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siro wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisebuto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisenandi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisini, Martiri na Aleksanda|Sisini wa Kapadokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisini wa Kuziko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonsi, Morisi na wenzao|Sisini wa Nikopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisini wa Tantatho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisoi Mkuu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sisti wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Sisto I|Sisto I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Sisto II|Sisto II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Sisto III|Sisto III]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Sito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siviardi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Skolastika wa Nursia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikasi, Kwirini na wenzao|Skuvikuli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Largi na wenzao|Smaragdo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Migdoni na wenzake|Smeraldi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofia wa Fermo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofia wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofroni wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Sokrate]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Solange]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Solemni wa Chartres]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artilai na wenzake|Soli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Solomoni Leclercq]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Solomoni wa Bretagne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Roderiki na Solomoni|Solomoni wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Soluti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori|Solutori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sosyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sotere wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Soter|Sotero (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sotero wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sozonti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Spes wa Nursia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Speusipo, Elasipo, Melasipo na Leonila|Speusipo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Spiridoni wa Tremetusia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake|Spisina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sinforosa na wanae|Stakteo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stanislaus mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stanislaus Kazimierczyk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stanislaus Kostka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stanislaus Papczynski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuta na wenzake|Statuniani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Stefano I|Stefano I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano I wa Konstantinopoli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Stefano II wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Harding]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Stefano, Kaliniko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano|Stefano, Klaudi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Min Kuk-ka]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Stefano|Stefano na Vikta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Marko Krisini na wenzake|Stefano Pongracz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Theodori Cuenot]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano Vinh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Châtillon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Cuneo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Grandmont]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Hungaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Nisea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Obazine]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Perm]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Piperi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Stefano wa Rieti]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stefano wa Rossano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake|Sterkori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Karteri na wenzake|Stiriaki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieronide, Leonsi na wenzao|Stratoni, Hieronide na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ermili na Stratoni|Stratoni na Ermili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Filipo na Eutikiani|Stratoni wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Stratoni wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Valeri na wenzao|Stratoni wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sturmi wa Fulda]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rogati na Suchesi|Suchesi na Rogati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suibne I]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Suksesi, Kato na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suksesi na wenzake 17]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Suksesi, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Suksesi, Petro na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suksesi wa Afrika]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suksesi wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suksesi wa Numidia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Suksesi wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sulpisi na Servisyani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sulpisi Pius]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sulpisi Severi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sulpisi wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Sundofagi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Salvio na Superio|Superi]] |- |[[Hor, Susia na wanao|Susia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia|Suzana na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Suzana U Surim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Suzana wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Switbati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Swithun wa Winchester]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Swithun Wells]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |} === T === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Tabita wa Yopa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tadayo Liu Ruiting]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Talalei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amma Talida|Talida]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo na Talo|Talo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Tamaro, Prisko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tamaro wa Benevento]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarako, Probo na Androniko|Tarako]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarasi wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarsila wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarsisi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tarsisia wa Rodez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tasak]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masedoni, Teoduli na Tasiani|Tasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tasioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tasyana wa Urusi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Hilari na Tasyani|Tasyani wa Akwileia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Tata na wanao|Tata]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tatiana Li]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini|Taurini, Nimfidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Taurini wa Evreux]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akonsi na wenzake|Taurino wa Fiumicino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teilo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Tekla, Fausto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina|Tekla, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tekla wa Ikonio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tekla wa Kitzingen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane|Tekle Hawarjat]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tekle Haymanot]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Tekusa wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Telesfori|Telesfori (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akuto, Anastasia na wenzao|Telesfori, Akuto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Telika wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao|Telio]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao|Temeda]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoli wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina|Teodoli, Kwintiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodolfi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoriko Balat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoriko van der Eem]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoriko wa Reims]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodosi abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia|Teodosia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoto, Tekusa na wenzao|Teodoto wa Ankara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teoduli, Amesi, Felisi na Kornelia|Teoduli, Amesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Masedoni, Teoduli na Tasiani|Teoduli, Masedoni na Tasiani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Teodulo wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodomiro wa Carmona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodoro wa Marseille]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofane muungamadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofilati wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofilo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofilo wa Corte]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofilo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teofredo abati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Basa na wanae|Teogni]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Teokosi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Teona, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teopempto na Teona|Teona na Teotempto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teopempto na Teona|Teotempto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Teoprepi, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia|Teotista na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teotista|Teotista wa Caccamo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Terensi na wenzake|Terensi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Terensiani wa Todi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Couderc]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Eustoki Verzeri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Kim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Kim Imi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Margerita Redi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Kolkata]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Mtoto Yesu]] (wa Lisieux)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Ureno]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Yesu]] (wa Avila)||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Yesu Jornet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa wa Yesu wa Los Andes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Yi Maeim]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teresa Zhang Hezhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Teridi na Remedi|Teridi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tersyo wa Byzacena]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia|Tertula, Emiliani na Antonia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tertulino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Teturo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Thadei mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Thea wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentina, Thea na Paulo|Thea wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Themeli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Themistokle wa Myra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theobadi wa Provins]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Theobadi wa Vienne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodgari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theodoko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini|Theodora, Didimo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora Guerin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Theodora, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Leonida, Karisa na wenzao|Theodora wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora wa Turo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoreto wa Kuro]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Theodor I|Theodori I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Donati, Makari na Theodori|Theodori, Donati na Makari]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori|Theodori, Esiki na Pakomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Theodori, Kaliniko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Theodori, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori na Pausilipi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori na Theofane]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbani, Theodori na wenzao|Theodori wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papia, Theodori na Klaudiani|Theodori wa Perge]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Shotep]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Sion]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Sykeon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori wa Tabennese]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoreto wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoriko wa Orleans]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Theodoro Krateros]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro Trikinas]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro wa Amasea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro wa Heraklea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro wa Kurene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theodoro wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro wa Pentapoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoro wa Studion]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Theodoro wa Tarso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodosi I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Emanueli, Sabino na wenzao|Theodosi, Emanueli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodosi wa Auxerre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodosi wa Kiev]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Theodosia wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodosius Mkuu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Theodota na wanae]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Theodoto, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoto wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodoto wa Marmara]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theodoto wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Evensi na wenzake|Theodulo, Evensi na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Espero, Zoe na wanao|Theodulo, Kiriako na wazazi wao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatopodo na Theodulo|Theodulo na Agatopodo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Theodulo, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theodulo wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodori na Theofane|Theofane wa Nisea]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofani mkaapweke]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Theofani Vénard]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Dorotea na Theofili|Theofili na Dorotea]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofili na Heladi|Theofili shemasi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theofili wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni, Zenoni na wenzao|Theofilo, Amoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofilo Kijana]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Amorio|Theofilo wa Amorio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofilo wa Bulgaria]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Jermano, Theofilo na Sirili|Theofilo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theofredi wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theogene]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Theogene wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto na Theoklia|Theoklia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Theoktiste wa Lesbo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Theoma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Theonas, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theonas wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theonas wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Theoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theopista]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Theosebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Theosisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotiko wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotimo, Filotheo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Theotimo wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotoni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Theresia Chen Jinxie]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Thioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Thoma|Thoma Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Thoma Hioji]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thoma wa Cori]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Aquinas|Thoma wa Akwino]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thoma wa Shenshif]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Thoma wa Tanphot]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Becket]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas De Van Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Du Viet Dinh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Khuong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas More]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Son Chasuhn]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Thien Tran]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas Toan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Thomas wa Cantilupe]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo na Tiberi|Tiberi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tibursi, Valeriani na Masimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tibursi wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tigre]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tigri na Eutropi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Tigrini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tikhon wa Moscow]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Tikhon wa Zadonsk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Tikoni wa Limassol]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tilone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Timolai na wenzake|Timolai]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timone mwinjilisti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Timori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timoteo wa Mauretania]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo I wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo II wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Timotheo IV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Timotheo Msomaji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Diogeni na wenzao|Timotheo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo wa Gaza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theotimo, Filotheo na wenzao|Timotheo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Timotheo wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati|Timotheo, Zotiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Tino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Tinus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tipasi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Tiranioni na Zenobi|Tiranioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Tirano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Andoki, Tirso na Felisi|Tirso, Andoki na Felisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tirso, Leukio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tisyano wa Brescia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tisyano wa Oderzo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tito]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Titoes]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Titus Brandsma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Karteri na wenzake|Tobia wa Sebaste]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tokwato na wenzake|Tokwato]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tolemayo bin Eparki]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni, Zenoni na wenzao|Tolomayo wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tolomayo wa Shoka]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Tolomea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tolomei, Lucho na mwenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomais wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomaso Danki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomaso Kozaki]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomaso Shen Jihe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomaso wa Terreti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Tomaso wa Villanova]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Basiano na wenzake|Tonioni]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Toribio Romo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Torpesi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Toskana]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Trankwilino Ubiarco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Nikola na Trano|Trano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trasea wa Eumenia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trifilo wa Nikosia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Akwilini, Jemini na wenzao|Trifoni, Akwilini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Trifoni, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trifoni wa Campsada]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trifoni wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Triviero]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Troadi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Trofima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo na Tiberi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Trofimo, Serapioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trofimo na Talo|Trofimo wa Laodikea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Troiani wa Saintes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Trudo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Tuboni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tudful]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tukiko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni|Tuliani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Juliani na wenzao|Tulius]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Tuno]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Turiavo wa Dol]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Turibi wa Astorga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Turibio wa Mongrovejo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aigulfi na wenzake|Turkari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus|Tuskus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === U === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Ubaldeska]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ubaldo wa Gubbio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ugo wa Grenoble]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Ugo wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ulpiani wa Turo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ulrich wa Augsburg]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Umile wa Bisignano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Urban I|Urbani I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao|Urbani, Marinus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Babila na wenzake|Urbani, Prilidani na Epoloni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Urbani, Sirili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi|Urbani, Vikta na Sapargi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbani wa Jerba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbani, Theodori na wenzao|Urbani wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Optati, Luperki na wenzao|Urbani wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbano wa Teano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urbisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali, Valeria na wenzao|Ursichini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ursichini wa Iliriko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ursino wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ursmari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Urso wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ursula Mtakatifu|Ursula na wenzake]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ursula Ledochowska]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Ursus, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Ustazhad na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === V === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Vakari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Valabonso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valdo wa Evreux]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Valensi, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati|Valensi, Taski na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pasikrate na Valensyoni|Valensyoni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentina, Thea na Paulo|Valentina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus|Valentini, Katulus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Valentini, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentini na Hilari|Valentini wa Viterbo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentiniano wa Koira]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentino Berriochoa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentino wa Griselles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentino wa Passau]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Valentinus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Valeri, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Valeri, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufino, Marko na Valeri|Valeri, Rufino na Marko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeri wa Limoges]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieroni na wenzake|Valeri wa Melitene]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeri na Rufini|Valeri wa Soissons]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Stratoni, Valeri na wenzao|Valeri wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeri wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeri wa Zaragoza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika|Valeria, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali, Valeria na wenzao|Valeria, Vitali na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Valeriana]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hieronide, Leonsi na wenzao|Valeriani, Hieronide na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tibursi, Valeriani na Masimo|Valeriani, Tibursi na Masimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeriani wa Aquileia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeriani wa Cimiez]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeriani wa Tournus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeriano wa Avensano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valeriko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Valero wa Onhaye]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Valteri]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Variko]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Varo na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vatrude]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vedasto wa Arras]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi, Anastasi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Venansi wa Viviers]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vendelini wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vendemiale]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veneri mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Veneri, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veneri wa Milano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Afesi na wenzake|Venusti, Afesi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Venusti, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Venusti, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Heliodori na Venusti|Venusti na Heliodori]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verano wa Cavaillon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verano wa Vence]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verdiana wa Castelfiorentino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Veremundo wa Irache]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Verena wa Zurzach]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Verisimo, Masima na Julia|Verisimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Veronika Giuliani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Veruli, Sekundini na wenzao|Veruli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viatori wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viatori wa Sologne]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simplisi, Faustini na wenzao|Viatrisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viborada]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viche wa Sabrata]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vigbati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vigori]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vijili wa Salzburg]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vijili wa Trento]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Viktor I|Vikta I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili|Vikta, Adriani na Sekundili]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Vikta, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta askofu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Vikta, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Vikta, Dominiko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Hugal na wenzake|Vikta, Hugal na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani|Vikta, Kastori na Rogasyani]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Vikta, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Vikta, Lucho na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati|Vikta, Mamari na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta Mauro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta mfiadini (20 Julai)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Korona]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Maloso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta na Stefano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nemesiani na wenzake|Vikta, Nemesiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Vikta, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oronsi, Vinsenti na Vikta|Vikta, Oronsi na Vinsenti]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Vikta, Publio na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Afrika]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Asyut]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Campbon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Vikta wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali|Vikta wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Vikta wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Le Mans]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati|Vikta wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Marseille]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Vikta wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Solothurn]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikta wa Thebe]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Gereoni na wenzake|Viktori, Gereoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori, Marinus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Lupersi na Viktori|Viktori wa Leon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktori wa Vita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Viktoria, Fidensyani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Viktoria, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Nino na wenzake|Viktoria, Nino na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoria wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoria wa Culusi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoria wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Victorianus wa Abitina|Viktoriani wa Abitina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao|Viktoriani wa Susa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoriano Pio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Viktorini, Aprili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Eusiri na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Viktorini, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise|Viktorini, Manilo na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Suksesi na wenzao|Viktorini, Paulo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini|Viktorini, Severi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini|Viktorini, Theodora na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Victorinus wa Abitina|Viktorini wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sekundi, Karpofori na wenzao|Viktorini wa Albano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini wa Amiterno]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini wa Camerino]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kasyo na Viktorini|Viktorini wa Clermont]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini, Vikta wa wenzao|Viktorini wa Hu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktorini wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Paulo, Sirili na wenzao|Viktorisi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viktoryo wa Utica]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Vikturus, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vikturus na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vincent Ferrer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vincent shemasi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vincent wa Lerins]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vincent wa Paulo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vindisiani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Vindomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinebadi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Publio, Saturnini na wenzao|Vinsensia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Vinsenti, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao|Vinsenti, Dasi wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Ponsiani na wenzao|Vinsenti, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti Grossi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Vinsenti, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti Maria Strambi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus|Vinsenti, Marselino na Domninus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Oronsi, Vinsenti na Vikta|Vinsenti, Oronsi na Vikta]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti Pallotti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti Romano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti Shiwozuka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vincentius wa Abitina|Vinsenti wa Abitina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti wa Agen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti, Sabina na Kristeta|Vinsenti wa Avila]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti wa Dax]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vinsenti wa Digne]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eobani na wenzake|Vintrungi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Virginia Centurione Bracelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Virginia wa Poitou]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Virjili wa Arles]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Visensiani]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Visensya Gerosa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenta Maria Lopez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Duong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Liem Pham Hieu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Madelgari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Nguyen The Diem]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Tuong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visenti Yen Do]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Visia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Visini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Vistremundo]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitale wa Castronovo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Artakse na wenzake|Vitali, Artakse na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali, Valeria na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali na Agrikola|Vitali wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitali wa Savigny]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Vitalian|Vitaliani (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitaliani wa Capua]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Vitalis, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Felisi, Filipo na wenzao|Vitalis, Felisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaisi na wenzake|Vitalis, Kaisi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Vitalis, Klaudiani na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Korus na wenzake|Vikturus, Korus na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitalis wa Gaza]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitalis wa Spoleto]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitesindi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vito wa Pontida]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Kwinto, Simplisi na wenzao|Vitoriko, Kwinto na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Vitoriko wa Karthago]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitoriko na Fushano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorini wa Ptuj]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitorino, Vikta na wenzao|Vitorino wa Korintho]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitrisi wa Rouen]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vitus Mtakatifu|Vitus]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Vivensioli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viviana wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Viviani wa Saintes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vivina]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vladimir wa Kiev]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Volusiano wa Tours]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vulframi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vulfustani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Vulmari]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === W === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Waanzilishi saba]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wadamun]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Walatta Petros]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Walburga]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Waldebati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Walter wa Esterp]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Walter wa Pontoise]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Walter wa Servigliano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wanas]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wandrili]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa|Warsenofa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Watoto wa Bethlehemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wenseslaus I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Werburga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wido wa Acqui]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiho]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wileadi wa Bremen]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wilehadi wa Denmark]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wilfrid wa Ripon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wilfrido]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu Firmati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu na Pelegrino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu Pinchon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu Saggiano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu Tempier]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Bourges]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Dijon]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Eskill]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Gellone]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Malavalle]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Pontoise]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa Vercelli]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiliamu wa York]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wilibaldi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Willibrord Mtakatifu|Wilibrodi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wiligisi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[William Courtet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Winifrida]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Winoko]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wistani]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wolfeius]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wolfgang Mtakatifu|Wolfugang]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo; |} === Y === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane|Yakobo wa Manug]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yakobo Berthieu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Buzabaliawo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Do Mai Nam]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane|Yakobo, Ethnus na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao|Yakobo, Fransisko na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Hilari Barbal]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo-Honorati Chastan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Kisai]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Kyushei Tomonaga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Lacops]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Mdogo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo mkaapweke]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Mkatwakatwa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Mkubwa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo muungamadini]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane na Yakobo|Yakobo na Yohane]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Yakobo wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Yakobo wa Lambesa]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo wa Marka]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo wa Moutiers]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo wa Nisibi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo wa Sarug]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Yan Guodong]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo Zhao Quanxin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yared wa Ethiopia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yarilati]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasay]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yasinta Marescotti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasinta Marto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasinto Casteñeda]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasinto wa Amasra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasinto wa Krakau]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Proto na Yasinto|Yasinto wa Misri]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yasinto wa Sabina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abba Yemata|Yemata]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yeremia mfiadini]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Panfilo na wenzake|Yeremia, Panfilo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Petro, Valabonso na wenzao|Yeremia wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yesu Mendez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Antida Thouret]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Beretta Molla]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Delanoue]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Elizabeti]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Fransiska wa Chantal]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana Jugan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana mke wa Kuza]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana wa Arc]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana wa Bagno]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana wa Lestonnac]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yoana wa Valois]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohakimu]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohakimu He Kaizhi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohakim Royo|Yohakimu Royo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohakimu Sakakibara]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Yohane I|Yohane I]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yohane II wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane IV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yohane XIV wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Papa Yohane XXIII|Yohane XXIII]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abondi na wenzake|Yohane, Abondi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane|Yohane, Abrahamu na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yohane Akida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Alcober]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Almond]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni|Yohane, Andrea na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Antoni Farina]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Baptista de La Salle]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Berchmans]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Bosco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Boste]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Bunyan]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yohane Calabria]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Chen Xianheng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Climacus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Dat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Eudes]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Fisher]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao|Yohane, Fransisko na wenzao]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane-Fransisko-Regis Clet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Gabrieli Perboyre]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Grande]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Gualberto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Heer]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Hoan Trinh Doan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Houghton]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Isauro]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Jones]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Kalibita]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kaliniko na wenzake|Yohane, Kaliniko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Kasiano]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Kemble]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Kinuya]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano|Yohane, Klaudi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Krisostomu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Leonardi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Lloyd]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Macias]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Maria Muzei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Maria Vianney]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Maron]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Yohane, Marsiano na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Chon Changun]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Garcia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Luo Tingyin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Nam Chongsam]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Piamarta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Scalabrini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji wa Rossi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Wu Mantang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Yi Kwangnyol]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Zhao Mingxi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbatizaji Zhou Wurui]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mbilikimo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mnyamavu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mtendamiujiza]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Yohane|Yohane Mtume]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mvunaji]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mwema]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane na Festo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane na Yakobo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Nepomuk Neumann]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Ogilvie]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Pak Hujae]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Paulo II]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo|Yohane, Egidi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Payne]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Petro Neel]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Plessington]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Rigby]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Roberts]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Sarkander]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Southworth]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Stone]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Thanh Van Dinh]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Twenge]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Afusia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Avila]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Beverley]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Bizane]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Brebeuf]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Brito]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Buonagiunta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Siro na Yohane|Yohane wa Canopus]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Castillo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Chinon]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Damasko]]||Ndiyo⁴||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Dukla]]||Ndiyo⁴||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini saba wa Efeso|Yohane wa Efeso]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Goto]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Grenada]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Mlango wa Shaba|Yohane wa Halki]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Simeoni na Yohane|Yohane wa Homs]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Kapestrano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Yohane wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Kety]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Senofonte, Maria na wanao|Yohane wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Lodi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Matera]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Matha]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Misri]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Montemarano]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Msalaba]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Mungu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Napoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Nepomuk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Oisterwijk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Parma (abati)|Yohane wa Parma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Parrano]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Pavia]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Ravenna]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Reom]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Ribera]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Roma]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Sahagun]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane|Yohane wa Samanoud]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yohane wa Saint-Malo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Senhout]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Shanghai na San Francisco]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Kristofa, Antoni na Yohane|Yohane wa Tlaxcala]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Tobolsk]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp; |- |[[Marselino, Manea na wenzao|Yohane wa Tomi]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Triora]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane wa Valence]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Wall]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Wang Guixin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Wang Rui]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Wu Wenyin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Yi Munu]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Yi Yun-il]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Yosefu wa Msalaba]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Zhang Huan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Zhang Tianshen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yohane Zhang Jingguang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yona wa Marchiennes]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu (mume wa Maria)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu I wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Aprili na wenzake|Yosefu, Aprili na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Barsaba]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Benedikto Cottolengo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Bilczewski]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Cafasso]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Calasanz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Canh Luang Hoang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Chang Chugi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Chang Songjib]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Cho Yunho]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu El Abah]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yosefu Fernandez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Joseph Freinademetz|Yosefu Freinademetz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Gabrieli wa Rozari]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Han Wonso]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Hien Quang Do]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Im Chipek]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Isabel Flores]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Khang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Khang Duy Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Luu Van Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Ma Taishun]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Manyanet]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Marchand]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Marello]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria Díaz Sanjurjo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria Gambaro]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria Robles]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria Rubio]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria Tomasi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Maria wa Yermo]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Moscati]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Mtungatenzi]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Narsete na Yosefu|Yosefu na Narsete]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Nghi Kim]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Oriol]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Pham Thong Ta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Pignatelli]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Sanchez]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Sebastiani Pelczar]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Thi Dang Le]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Tuan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Tuan Van Tran]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Tuc]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Uyen Dinh Nguyen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Vien Dinh Dang]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu wa Anchieta]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu wa Arimataya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu wa Copertino]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Abda na Ebediesi|Yosefu wa Kashkar]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu wa Leonessa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu wa Studion]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Wang Guiji]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Wang Yumei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Yuan Gengyin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Yuan Zaide]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Zhang Dapeng]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yosefu Zhang Wenlan]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Mtume Yuda Tadei|Yuda Tadei]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusta na Eredina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Katulino na wenzake|Yusta wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusta na Rufina|Yusta wa Sevilia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Sipriani na Yustina|Yustina wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Aureus wa Mainz|Yustina wa Mainz]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yustina wa Padova]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yustini na Kreshensioni]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yustini wa Trier]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yustini na Atilano|Yustino Orona]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Yusto, Apriko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao|Yusto, Bariko na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Donati, Justus na Herenas|Yusto, Donati na Herenas]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto El-Antony]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yusto na Theoklia]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Yusto na wenzake]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Yusto, Rufo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusti na Pastori|Yusto wa Alcala]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto wa Aleksandria (askofu)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto wa Condat]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto wa Lyon]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Yusto wa Trieste]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} === Z === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |- ! Mtakatifu ! width=50 | [[Waanglikana]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ! width=50 | [[Waorthodoksi]] ! width=50 | [[Wakatoliki]] |- |[[Zakaria (Injili)]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Zakaria|Zakaria (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zakaria wa Aleksandria]]||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |[[Zakaria wa mlima Mercurio]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zakayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Alfayo na Zakayo|Zakayo wa Kaisarea]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zakayo wa Yerusalemu]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zama wa Bologna]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Zatamgeli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zdislava]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Zefirini|Zefirini (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zelia Guerin]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Eusebi, Nestabo na wenzao|Zeno, Eusebi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kreskoni, Zeno na wenzao|Zeno, Kreskoni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Zeno, Serapioni na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao|Zeno wa Aleksandria]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zeno wa Nikomedia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zeno wa Roma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zeno wa Verona]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo|| Ndiyo |- |[[Zenobi wa Firenze]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Zenobi wa Libya]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zenobi wa Saida]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Tiranioni na Zenobi|Zenobi wa Tiro]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Zenoni, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zenoni wa Maiuma]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Koskoni, Zenoni na Melanipo|Zenoni wa Nisea]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Zhang Huailu]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Zita wa Lucca]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Espero, Zoe na wanao|Zoe, Espero na wanao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zoelo wa Listra]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zoeradi na Benedikto|Zoeradi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo |- |[[Zoilo wa Cordoba]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Zoilo wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati|Zoilus, Timotheo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Eutropi, Zosima na Bonosa|Zosima]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Papa Zosimus|Zosimo (Papa)]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Alfeo, Aleksanda na Zosimo|Zosimo, Alfeo na Aleksanda]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Herakli na Zosimo|Zosimo na Herakli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Rufo na Zosimo|Zosimo na Rufo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Isicho na wenzake|Zosimo wa Antiokia]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zosimo wa Karthago]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zosimo wa Palestina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zosimo wa Sirakusa]]||Ndiyo||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zota mfiadini]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatoniki, Zotiki na wenzao|Zotiki, Agatoniki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao|Zotiki, Siriaki na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Agatho na wenzake|Zotiko, Agatho na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Dasio, Zotiko na Kayo|Zotiko, Dasio na Kayo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo|Zotiko, Italo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Zotiko, Kastuli na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zotiko na Amansyo]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Pristi na wenzake|Zotiko, Pristi na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Zotiko, Saturnini na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Zotiko wa Konstantinopoli]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Teodulo, Saturnini na wenzao|Zotiko wa Gortina]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati|Zotiko, Timotheo na wenzao]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |- |[[Wafiadini wa Plovdiv|Zotiko wa Plovdiv]]||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo||Ndiyo |} ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] * [[Jamii:Watakatifu]] [[Jamii:orodha za watu]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Antoni van Aken, [[Wamisionari wa Afrika|W.F.]] - Maisha ya Watakatifu - 1912 * P. Sacleux, [[C.S.Sp.]] - Ngano za Hadisi ya Watakatifu - 1930 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989 * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021 ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/stindex.php Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakatoliki] *[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm Faharasa ya Watakatifu Wakatoliki] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm |date=20070625171623 }} *[http://www.sspx.ca/Angelus/2003_January/On_The_Canonizations.htm Waliotangazwa na Papa Yohane Paulo II kuwa watakatifu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sspx.ca/Angelus/2003_January/On_The_Canonizations.htm |date=20040804000334 }} *[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/prolog.htm Dibaji ya Ohrid Mkusanyiko wa hadithi kuhusu Watakatifu Waorthodoksi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/prolog.htm |date=20100324092639 }} *[http://www.oca.org/FSlives.asp?SID=4 Habari kuhusu Watakatifu Waorthodoksi katika tovuti ya [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Marekani]]] *[http://st-takla.org/Gallery/Gallery-Saints-01.html Watakatifu Wakopti] *[http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/calendar/holydays.html Kalenda ya Kanisa Anglikana la Uingereza] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/calendar/holydays.html |date=20100409083619 }} [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu Wakristo|*]] [[Jamii:Orodha za watu|Watakatifu]] [[Jamii:historia ya Ukristo]] l9dk65qcu66enzgwoh7qylsyeg10yfm 0 3781 1545914 1504404 2026-05-19T04:55:35Z Gayle157 73366 /* Uchumi */ [[File:London city.jpg]] 1545914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|nchi katika Ufalme wa Muungano|}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Uingereza | jina_asili = England ([[en]]) | kauli_mbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "God Save the King" | bendera = Flag of England.svg | nembo = Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg | ramani = England (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Uingereza</i></small> | ukubwawapicha = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[London]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]] | lugha2 = | kabila = {{plainlist| *81.0% [[Wazungu]] *9.6% [[Asia|Waasia]] *4.2% [[Waafrika]] *3.0% [[Chotara]] *2.2% Wengine }} | dini = {{plainlist| *46.3% [[Ukristo]] *36.7% [[Wasio na dini]] *6.7% [[Uislamu]] *1.8% [[Uhindi]] *0.9% [[Kalasinga]] *0.5% [[Uyahudi]] }} | serikali = Utawala wa moja kwa moja wa Uingereza wenye ugatuzi wa sehemu chini ya kifalme wa kikatiba. | utaifa = [[Mwingereza]] | kiongozi1 = [[Charles III]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Mfalme]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = | kiongozi_jina2 = | kiongozi3 = | cheo_kiongozi3 = | bunge = | tukio1 = | tukio1_tarehe = | tukio2 = | tukio2_tarehe = | tukio3 = | tukio3_tarehe = | eneo_jumla = 132,932 km² | eneo_ardhi = | eneo_maji = | asilimia_maji = | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 57,106,398 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_idadi_ya_watu = | msongamano = | plt_ppp = | pato_mwaka = | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = | plt = {{increase}} £2.162 trilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = £37,852 </br> ($46,951) | hdi = | orodha_hdi = | mwaka_maendeleo = | mwaka_gini = | gini = | tovuti = | sarafu = [[Pauni ya Sterling]] | majira_saa = +0 (GMT) | msimbo_simu = 44 | mtandao = | upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kushoto | tanbihi = Uingereza ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | muundo_tarehe = dd/mm/yyyy }} '''Uingereza''' (pia: '''Ingilandi''' kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''England''') ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Inapakana na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi. [[Bahari ya Eire]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi, [[Bahari ya Celtic]] ipo kusini-magharibi, na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] ipo mashariki, huku Mfereji wa Kiingereza ukiitenganisha na bara la [[Ulaya]] upande wa kusini. Uingereza inashughulikia sehemu kubwa ya kusini ya kisiwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano|cha]] [[Britania]] na ina asilimia 84 ya idadi ya watu wa [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Mji wake mkuu ni [[London]], ambao pia ni mji mkubwa zaidi nchini [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] Uingereza ina mandhari mbalimbali inayojumuisha vilima vinavyopinda, nyanda [[tambarare]], na maeneo ya milima kama Eneo la Ziwa (Lake District) na Milima ya Pennines. Mito yake mikubwa ni pamoja na [[Mto Thames]], Severn, na Trent. Uingereza ina hali ya hewa ya baharini yenye [[Majira ya joto|joto]] la wastani, ikiwa na halijoto za wastani na mvua katika kipindi chote cha mwaka. Nchi hii ina miji mingi, ikiwa na miji mikubwa kama [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Liverpool]], [[Leeds]], na [[Newcastle]], pamoja na miji yake ya [[historia|kihistoria]] na vijiji vya mashambani vinavyovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka. [[Historia|Kihistoria]], Uingereza imekuwa na nafasi ya kipekee katika maendeleo ya utamaduni wa Magharibi, [[sheria]], [[sayansi]], na [[viwanda]]. Hapa ndipo palipozaliwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]], Mapinduzi ya Kiwanda (''Industrial Revolution''), na watu mashuhuri wengi katika [[fasihi]], [[falsafa]], na [[siasa]]. Mfumo wa sheria ya kawaida (common law) wa Uingereza, demokrasia ya bunge, na taasisi kama vile ufalme, zimekuwa na athari kubwa duniani. Leo, Uingereza bado ni kitovu cha [[uchumi]], [[utamaduni]], na [[siasa]] ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], na inaendelea kuathiri mienendo ya [[dunia] katika [[muziki]], [[michezo]], [[elimu]], na [[teknolojia]] . ==Jina== {{Vyanzo}} Katika [[lugha]] ya kila siku "Uingereza" hutaja mara nyingi Ufalme wote au kisiwa chote cha Britania. Lakini kwa usahihi "Uingereza" ni ile sehemu kubwa zaidi [[kusini]] mwa kisiwa, tofauti na nchi za [[Welisi]] (Wales, upande wa [[magharibi]]) na [[Uskoti]] (Scotland, upande wa [[kaskazini]]).[[Asili]] ya [[jina]] la [[Kiswahili]] ni neno <big>إنجليزي</big> ''injilisi'' ''(matamshi ya Kimisri: ingilisi)''" katika lugha ya [[Kiarabu]]; [[Waarabu]] walisikia jina "inglish" wakirahisisha matamshi kuwa "inglis", wakaongeza [[sauti]] fupi kati ya "g" na "l", hivyo kufikia kwa "ingilis" ambako "i" ya pili ni fupi kiasi cha kusikia pia "e" na hivyo ilipokewa na [[Waswahili]]. Kwa namna ya [[Kibantu]] sauti ya "l" ikawa "r": ingelesi kuwa ingereza. == Jiografia == [[File:Topographic Map of the UK - Blank.png|thumb|Topografia ya Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Picha:Widecombe in the Moor, Devon.jpg|thumb|Mazingira ya vilima vya Devon, kusini-magharibi ya Uingereza]] Uingereza iko kwenye kisiwa cha Britania ambacho ndicho kisiwa kikubwa cha [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini. Upande wa magharibi iko [[Bahari ya Eire]], na ng'ambo yake kisiwa cha [[Eire]] (Ireland). Upande wa [[mashariki]] iko [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]], ng'ambo yake [[Denmark]], [[Ujerumani]] na [[Uholanzi]]; upande wa kusini uko [[Mfereji wa Kiingereza]] halafu kusini-magharibi [[Bahari Atlantiki]], ng'ambo yake [[Ufaransa]] na [[Ubelgiji]]. Tangu mwaka [[1994]] chini ya mfereji huo kuna njia ya [[reli]] kwa [[tobwe]] inayounganisha Uingereza na Ufaransa. Uingereza ina visiwa vingi vidogo; kikubwa ni [[Isle of Wight]] katika kusini. [[Pwani]] zake ni ndefu, hakuna mahali palipo mbali zaidi ya [[km]] 113 kutoka [[bahari]]ni. Sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni ama tambarare au vilima vidogo; mwinuko wa juu ni [[Scafell Pike]] yenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 978. Kumbe [[milima]] mirefu ya Britania iko Welisi na Uskoti. ===Tabianchi=== [[Tabianchi]] ya Uingereza inaathiriwa na mahali pake baharini inayopitiwa na [[Mkondo wa Ghuba]] na [[latitudo|latitudo ya kaskazini]]. Athari hizo zinaleta tabianchi fufutende ya kibahari; kwa [[wastani]] [[baridi]] haishuki chini ya 0 [[°C]] na [[joto]] halipandi juu ya 32 °C. Hata hivyo vipindi vya [[jeledi]] au [[joto]] kali zaidi vinaweza kutokea kwa [[siku]] kadhaa. Miezi ya baridi ni [[Januari]] na [[Februari]]. [[Julai]] kwa kawaida ni mwezi wenye joto zaidi. [[Hali ya hewa]] mara nyingi ni nyevunyevu na [[mvua]] inaweza kutokea mwaka wote. Vipindi vya mvua na [[jua]] hubadilishana haraka. ===Miji ya Uingereza=== [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[London]]. Kati ya [[miji]] mikubwa ya Uingereza ni: [[London]] (wakazi 9,787,426), [[Manchester]] (2,553,379), [[Birmingham]] (pamoja na West Midlands 2,440,986), [[Leeds]] (pamoja na West Yorkshire 1,777,934), [[Sheffield]], [[Bradford]] na [[Liverpool]]. === Mito ya Uingereza === [[Picha:CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Mto Thames katika London mnamo mwaka 1750]] {{main|Mito ya Uingereza}} Kutokana na tabianchi yenye mvua ya kutosha kuna [[mito]] mingi nchini. Mito mirefu ni Thames (km 346) na Severn (km 350). * [[Severn (mto)|Severn]] (mto mrefu wa [[Britania]]) * [[Thames (mto)|Thames]] (mto mrefu katika Uingereza) * [[Trent (mto)|Trent]] * [[Humber (mto)|Humber]] * [[Tyne (mto)|Tyne]] * [[Tees (mto)|Tees]] * [[Ribble (mto)|Ribble]] * [[Ouse (mto)|Ouse]] * [[Mersey (mto)|Mersey]] * [[Dee (mto)|Dee]] * [[Avon (mto)|Avon]] === Mikoa ya Uingereza === {{Uingerezamap|width={{{width|250}}}}} {{main|Mikoa ya Uingereza}} Kihistoria Uingereza iligawiwa katika [[kaunti]] (''counties'') na miji (''boroughs''). Nchi yote imegawiwa leo katika [[mikoa]] (regions) 9. Mikoa kadhaa huwa na [[mamlaka]] fulani ya kiutawala, lakini si yote. Vinginevyo [[utawala]] wa kieneo kunatokea hasa kwenye ngazi ya kaunti na [[halmashauri]] ndani ya kila mkoa. == Historia == Uingereza ilikaliwa na [[makabila]] ya [[Wabritania]] wenye lugha za [[Kikelti]] na kuvamiwa na [[Dola la Roma]] katika [[karne ya 2]] [[BK]]. Ikawa sehemu ya Dola la Roma hadi [[karne ya 5]] BK. Wakati ule [[Waroma wa Kale|Waroma]] walipaswa kuondoa [[wanajeshi]] wao kisiwani kwa ajili ya [[ulinzi]] wa nchi za [[bara]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/England|title=England|language=english|publisher=Britannica|accessdate=2026-04-11}}</ref> === Uvamizi wa Waanglia-Saksoni === Katika [[karne ya 5|karne za 5]] na [[Karne ya 6|6]] BK makabila ya [[Kigermanik]] walivamia kisiwa hasa [[Wasaksoni]], [[Waangli]] na [[Wadenmark]]. Walileta [[Lugha za Kigermanik|lugha zao za Kigermanik]] zilizochukua nafasi ya lugha ya [[Wabritania]]. Wabritania na Waroma waliokuwa wamebaki walihamia maeneo ya kando kama Welisi au [[Cornwall]] au kuvuka mfereji wa Uingereza kwenda [[Britania Ndogo]] (Kiingereza: Brittany; [[Kifaransa]]: Bretagne). [[Karne]] zilizofuata kisiwa kiliona [[madola]] madogo na hali ya [[vita]]. [[Mwaka]] [[937]] [[Mfalme]] [[Athelstan]] aliweza kuunganisha karibu eneo lote la Uingereza ya leo. === Uvamizi wa Wanormani === Mwaka [[1066]] wanajeshi [[Wanormani]] kutoka kaskazini mwa Ufaransa walivamia Uingereza na kuiteka yote chini ya mtemi [[William Mshindi]]. Wavamizi walitawala wakitumia aina ya Kifaransa. Lugha zote mbili za wananchi na za mabwana ziliendelea pamoja sambamba hadi kuwa lugha moja cha [[Kiingereza]]. === Ufalme wa Muungano === Tangu mwaka [[1601]] mfalme [[James VI wa Uskoti]] alichaguliwa kuwa mfalme wa Uingereza pia. Nchi jirani zote mbili ziliendelea na wafalme wa pamoja hadi mwaka [[1707]]. Mwaka ule Uingereza pamoja na Welisi na Uskoti ziliunganishwa kuwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania]]. Tangu mwaka [[1801]] jina likawa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) hadi [[1927]] wakati sehemu kubwa ya Eire ikapata [[uhuru]] wake. Tangu hapo Uingereza ni sehemu ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire ya Kaskazini]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). [[Picha:Liverpool skyline.jpg|thumb|330px|Mji wa Liverpool]] == Uchumi== [[File:London city.jpg|thumb|[[London]], [[Uingereza]]]] Uingereza ina [[uchumi]] mkubwa zaidi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] na ni mojawapo ya uchumi wa kikanda ulioendelea zaidi na wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani. Inafanya kazi kama sehemu ya uchumi mpana wa taifa la [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] lakini inachangia sehemu kubwa ya [[pato la taifa]], [[idadi ya watu]], na uzalishaji wa [[Kiwanda|viwanda]]. [[Historia ya Ufalme wa Muungano|Kihistoria]], Uingereza ilikuwa mahali palipoanzia [[Mapinduzi ya Viwandani]], ambayo yaliibadilisha kuwa kitovu cha dunia cha viwanda vya uzalishaji na [[huduma]] za [[fedha|kifedha]]. Leo, uchumi wake una aina nyingi, ukiwa na msisitizo mkubwa katika sekta ya [[huduma]], [[Kiwanda|viwanda vya kisasa]], [[teknolojia]], na [[biashara|biashara ya kimataifa]]. Sekta ya huduma ndiyo inayoongoza katika uchumi wa Uingereza, hasa huduma za fedha, [[bima]], sekta ya majengo na ardhi, na huduma za biashara. Jiji la [[London]] ni mojawapo ya vituo vikuu vya fedha duniani, likihudumia mabenki makubwa, [[Soko la hisa|masoko ya hisa]], na makampuni ya kimataifa. Sekta nyingine muhimu ni [[teknolojia ya habari]], [[afya]], [[elimu]], [[utalii]], na [[viwanda]] vya ubunifu kama [[vyombo vya habari]], [[filamu]], na usanifu. [[Kiwanda|Viwanda]] bado vina umuhimu, hasa katika uzalishaji wa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]], magari, [[kemikali]], na [[dawa]], ingawa vinachukua sehemu ndogo ya ajira ikilinganishwa na sekta ya huduma. Uingereza pia ni kitovu kikuu cha biashara ya ndani na ya kimataifa, [[mahuruji|ikisafirisha nje]] bidhaa na huduma kama vile huduma za kifedha, [[mashine]], [[dawa]], na bidhaa za [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]]. Inaagiza [[nishati]], chakula, bidhaa za matumizi, na [[malighafi]] kutoka kwa washirika wa kimataifa. Uchumi wake unafaidika na nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi mkubwa, miundombinu ya kisasa, na mifumo imara ya kisheria na udhibiti. Licha ya nguvu zake, Uingereza inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile tofauti za kiuchumi kati ya maeneo, upungufu wa uzalishaji katika baadhi ya sekta, na shinikizo la makazi, hasa kati ya [[London]] na maeneo mengine. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/swahili/ BBC Swahili] * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Serikali ya Uingereza] {{Wayback|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm |date=20090907093139 }} [[Jamii:Uingereza| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] ipckhqei42sxm4fipsrx3456bbt017q 1545915 1545914 2026-05-19T04:55:52Z Gayle157 73366 /* Uchumi */ Umbold 1545915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|nchi katika Ufalme wa Muungano|}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Uingereza | jina_asili = England ([[en]]) | kauli_mbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "God Save the King" | bendera = Flag of England.svg | nembo = Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg | ramani = England (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Uingereza</i></small> | ukubwawapicha = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[London]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]] | lugha2 = | kabila = {{plainlist| *81.0% [[Wazungu]] *9.6% [[Asia|Waasia]] *4.2% [[Waafrika]] *3.0% [[Chotara]] *2.2% Wengine }} | dini = {{plainlist| *46.3% [[Ukristo]] *36.7% [[Wasio na dini]] *6.7% [[Uislamu]] *1.8% [[Uhindi]] *0.9% [[Kalasinga]] *0.5% [[Uyahudi]] }} | serikali = Utawala wa moja kwa moja wa Uingereza wenye ugatuzi wa sehemu chini ya kifalme wa kikatiba. | utaifa = [[Mwingereza]] | kiongozi1 = [[Charles III]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Mfalme]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = | kiongozi_jina2 = | kiongozi3 = | cheo_kiongozi3 = | bunge = | tukio1 = | tukio1_tarehe = | tukio2 = | tukio2_tarehe = | tukio3 = | tukio3_tarehe = | eneo_jumla = 132,932 km² | eneo_ardhi = | eneo_maji = | asilimia_maji = | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 57,106,398 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_idadi_ya_watu = | msongamano = | plt_ppp = | pato_mwaka = | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = | plt = {{increase}} £2.162 trilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = £37,852 </br> ($46,951) | hdi = | orodha_hdi = | mwaka_maendeleo = | mwaka_gini = | gini = | tovuti = | sarafu = [[Pauni ya Sterling]] | majira_saa = +0 (GMT) | msimbo_simu = 44 | mtandao = | upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kushoto | tanbihi = Uingereza ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | muundo_tarehe = dd/mm/yyyy }} '''Uingereza''' (pia: '''Ingilandi''' kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''England''') ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Inapakana na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi. [[Bahari ya Eire]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi, [[Bahari ya Celtic]] ipo kusini-magharibi, na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] ipo mashariki, huku Mfereji wa Kiingereza ukiitenganisha na bara la [[Ulaya]] upande wa kusini. Uingereza inashughulikia sehemu kubwa ya kusini ya kisiwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano|cha]] [[Britania]] na ina asilimia 84 ya idadi ya watu wa [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Mji wake mkuu ni [[London]], ambao pia ni mji mkubwa zaidi nchini [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] Uingereza ina mandhari mbalimbali inayojumuisha vilima vinavyopinda, nyanda [[tambarare]], na maeneo ya milima kama Eneo la Ziwa (Lake District) na Milima ya Pennines. Mito yake mikubwa ni pamoja na [[Mto Thames]], Severn, na Trent. Uingereza ina hali ya hewa ya baharini yenye [[Majira ya joto|joto]] la wastani, ikiwa na halijoto za wastani na mvua katika kipindi chote cha mwaka. Nchi hii ina miji mingi, ikiwa na miji mikubwa kama [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Liverpool]], [[Leeds]], na [[Newcastle]], pamoja na miji yake ya [[historia|kihistoria]] na vijiji vya mashambani vinavyovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka. [[Historia|Kihistoria]], Uingereza imekuwa na nafasi ya kipekee katika maendeleo ya utamaduni wa Magharibi, [[sheria]], [[sayansi]], na [[viwanda]]. Hapa ndipo palipozaliwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]], Mapinduzi ya Kiwanda (''Industrial Revolution''), na watu mashuhuri wengi katika [[fasihi]], [[falsafa]], na [[siasa]]. Mfumo wa sheria ya kawaida (common law) wa Uingereza, demokrasia ya bunge, na taasisi kama vile ufalme, zimekuwa na athari kubwa duniani. Leo, Uingereza bado ni kitovu cha [[uchumi]], [[utamaduni]], na [[siasa]] ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], na inaendelea kuathiri mienendo ya [[dunia] katika [[muziki]], [[michezo]], [[elimu]], na [[teknolojia]] . ==Jina== {{Vyanzo}} Katika [[lugha]] ya kila siku "Uingereza" hutaja mara nyingi Ufalme wote au kisiwa chote cha Britania. Lakini kwa usahihi "Uingereza" ni ile sehemu kubwa zaidi [[kusini]] mwa kisiwa, tofauti na nchi za [[Welisi]] (Wales, upande wa [[magharibi]]) na [[Uskoti]] (Scotland, upande wa [[kaskazini]]).[[Asili]] ya [[jina]] la [[Kiswahili]] ni neno <big>إنجليزي</big> ''injilisi'' ''(matamshi ya Kimisri: ingilisi)''" katika lugha ya [[Kiarabu]]; [[Waarabu]] walisikia jina "inglish" wakirahisisha matamshi kuwa "inglis", wakaongeza [[sauti]] fupi kati ya "g" na "l", hivyo kufikia kwa "ingilis" ambako "i" ya pili ni fupi kiasi cha kusikia pia "e" na hivyo ilipokewa na [[Waswahili]]. Kwa namna ya [[Kibantu]] sauti ya "l" ikawa "r": ingelesi kuwa ingereza. == Jiografia == [[File:Topographic Map of the UK - Blank.png|thumb|Topografia ya Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Picha:Widecombe in the Moor, Devon.jpg|thumb|Mazingira ya vilima vya Devon, kusini-magharibi ya Uingereza]] Uingereza iko kwenye kisiwa cha Britania ambacho ndicho kisiwa kikubwa cha [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini. Upande wa magharibi iko [[Bahari ya Eire]], na ng'ambo yake kisiwa cha [[Eire]] (Ireland). Upande wa [[mashariki]] iko [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]], ng'ambo yake [[Denmark]], [[Ujerumani]] na [[Uholanzi]]; upande wa kusini uko [[Mfereji wa Kiingereza]] halafu kusini-magharibi [[Bahari Atlantiki]], ng'ambo yake [[Ufaransa]] na [[Ubelgiji]]. Tangu mwaka [[1994]] chini ya mfereji huo kuna njia ya [[reli]] kwa [[tobwe]] inayounganisha Uingereza na Ufaransa. Uingereza ina visiwa vingi vidogo; kikubwa ni [[Isle of Wight]] katika kusini. [[Pwani]] zake ni ndefu, hakuna mahali palipo mbali zaidi ya [[km]] 113 kutoka [[bahari]]ni. Sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni ama tambarare au vilima vidogo; mwinuko wa juu ni [[Scafell Pike]] yenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 978. Kumbe [[milima]] mirefu ya Britania iko Welisi na Uskoti. ===Tabianchi=== [[Tabianchi]] ya Uingereza inaathiriwa na mahali pake baharini inayopitiwa na [[Mkondo wa Ghuba]] na [[latitudo|latitudo ya kaskazini]]. Athari hizo zinaleta tabianchi fufutende ya kibahari; kwa [[wastani]] [[baridi]] haishuki chini ya 0 [[°C]] na [[joto]] halipandi juu ya 32 °C. Hata hivyo vipindi vya [[jeledi]] au [[joto]] kali zaidi vinaweza kutokea kwa [[siku]] kadhaa. Miezi ya baridi ni [[Januari]] na [[Februari]]. [[Julai]] kwa kawaida ni mwezi wenye joto zaidi. [[Hali ya hewa]] mara nyingi ni nyevunyevu na [[mvua]] inaweza kutokea mwaka wote. Vipindi vya mvua na [[jua]] hubadilishana haraka. ===Miji ya Uingereza=== [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[London]]. Kati ya [[miji]] mikubwa ya Uingereza ni: [[London]] (wakazi 9,787,426), [[Manchester]] (2,553,379), [[Birmingham]] (pamoja na West Midlands 2,440,986), [[Leeds]] (pamoja na West Yorkshire 1,777,934), [[Sheffield]], [[Bradford]] na [[Liverpool]]. === Mito ya Uingereza === [[Picha:CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Mto Thames katika London mnamo mwaka 1750]] {{main|Mito ya Uingereza}} Kutokana na tabianchi yenye mvua ya kutosha kuna [[mito]] mingi nchini. Mito mirefu ni Thames (km 346) na Severn (km 350). * [[Severn (mto)|Severn]] (mto mrefu wa [[Britania]]) * [[Thames (mto)|Thames]] (mto mrefu katika Uingereza) * [[Trent (mto)|Trent]] * [[Humber (mto)|Humber]] * [[Tyne (mto)|Tyne]] * [[Tees (mto)|Tees]] * [[Ribble (mto)|Ribble]] * [[Ouse (mto)|Ouse]] * [[Mersey (mto)|Mersey]] * [[Dee (mto)|Dee]] * [[Avon (mto)|Avon]] === Mikoa ya Uingereza === {{Uingerezamap|width={{{width|250}}}}} {{main|Mikoa ya Uingereza}} Kihistoria Uingereza iligawiwa katika [[kaunti]] (''counties'') na miji (''boroughs''). Nchi yote imegawiwa leo katika [[mikoa]] (regions) 9. Mikoa kadhaa huwa na [[mamlaka]] fulani ya kiutawala, lakini si yote. Vinginevyo [[utawala]] wa kieneo kunatokea hasa kwenye ngazi ya kaunti na [[halmashauri]] ndani ya kila mkoa. == Historia == Uingereza ilikaliwa na [[makabila]] ya [[Wabritania]] wenye lugha za [[Kikelti]] na kuvamiwa na [[Dola la Roma]] katika [[karne ya 2]] [[BK]]. Ikawa sehemu ya Dola la Roma hadi [[karne ya 5]] BK. Wakati ule [[Waroma wa Kale|Waroma]] walipaswa kuondoa [[wanajeshi]] wao kisiwani kwa ajili ya [[ulinzi]] wa nchi za [[bara]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/England|title=England|language=english|publisher=Britannica|accessdate=2026-04-11}}</ref> === Uvamizi wa Waanglia-Saksoni === Katika [[karne ya 5|karne za 5]] na [[Karne ya 6|6]] BK makabila ya [[Kigermanik]] walivamia kisiwa hasa [[Wasaksoni]], [[Waangli]] na [[Wadenmark]]. Walileta [[Lugha za Kigermanik|lugha zao za Kigermanik]] zilizochukua nafasi ya lugha ya [[Wabritania]]. Wabritania na Waroma waliokuwa wamebaki walihamia maeneo ya kando kama Welisi au [[Cornwall]] au kuvuka mfereji wa Uingereza kwenda [[Britania Ndogo]] (Kiingereza: Brittany; [[Kifaransa]]: Bretagne). [[Karne]] zilizofuata kisiwa kiliona [[madola]] madogo na hali ya [[vita]]. [[Mwaka]] [[937]] [[Mfalme]] [[Athelstan]] aliweza kuunganisha karibu eneo lote la Uingereza ya leo. === Uvamizi wa Wanormani === Mwaka [[1066]] wanajeshi [[Wanormani]] kutoka kaskazini mwa Ufaransa walivamia Uingereza na kuiteka yote chini ya mtemi [[William Mshindi]]. Wavamizi walitawala wakitumia aina ya Kifaransa. Lugha zote mbili za wananchi na za mabwana ziliendelea pamoja sambamba hadi kuwa lugha moja cha [[Kiingereza]]. === Ufalme wa Muungano === Tangu mwaka [[1601]] mfalme [[James VI wa Uskoti]] alichaguliwa kuwa mfalme wa Uingereza pia. Nchi jirani zote mbili ziliendelea na wafalme wa pamoja hadi mwaka [[1707]]. Mwaka ule Uingereza pamoja na Welisi na Uskoti ziliunganishwa kuwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania]]. Tangu mwaka [[1801]] jina likawa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) hadi [[1927]] wakati sehemu kubwa ya Eire ikapata [[uhuru]] wake. Tangu hapo Uingereza ni sehemu ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire ya Kaskazini]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). [[Picha:Liverpool skyline.jpg|thumb|330px|Mji wa Liverpool]] == Uchumi== [[File:London city.jpg|thumb|[[London]], Uingereza]] Uingereza ina [[uchumi]] mkubwa zaidi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] na ni mojawapo ya uchumi wa kikanda ulioendelea zaidi na wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani. Inafanya kazi kama sehemu ya uchumi mpana wa taifa la [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] lakini inachangia sehemu kubwa ya [[pato la taifa]], [[idadi ya watu]], na uzalishaji wa [[Kiwanda|viwanda]]. [[Historia ya Ufalme wa Muungano|Kihistoria]], Uingereza ilikuwa mahali palipoanzia [[Mapinduzi ya Viwandani]], ambayo yaliibadilisha kuwa kitovu cha dunia cha viwanda vya uzalishaji na [[huduma]] za [[fedha|kifedha]]. Leo, uchumi wake una aina nyingi, ukiwa na msisitizo mkubwa katika sekta ya [[huduma]], [[Kiwanda|viwanda vya kisasa]], [[teknolojia]], na [[biashara|biashara ya kimataifa]]. Sekta ya huduma ndiyo inayoongoza katika uchumi wa Uingereza, hasa huduma za fedha, [[bima]], sekta ya majengo na ardhi, na huduma za biashara. Jiji la [[London]] ni mojawapo ya vituo vikuu vya fedha duniani, likihudumia mabenki makubwa, [[Soko la hisa|masoko ya hisa]], na makampuni ya kimataifa. Sekta nyingine muhimu ni [[teknolojia ya habari]], [[afya]], [[elimu]], [[utalii]], na [[viwanda]] vya ubunifu kama [[vyombo vya habari]], [[filamu]], na usanifu. [[Kiwanda|Viwanda]] bado vina umuhimu, hasa katika uzalishaji wa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]], magari, [[kemikali]], na [[dawa]], ingawa vinachukua sehemu ndogo ya ajira ikilinganishwa na sekta ya huduma. Uingereza pia ni kitovu kikuu cha biashara ya ndani na ya kimataifa, [[mahuruji|ikisafirisha nje]] bidhaa na huduma kama vile huduma za kifedha, [[mashine]], [[dawa]], na bidhaa za [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]]. Inaagiza [[nishati]], chakula, bidhaa za matumizi, na [[malighafi]] kutoka kwa washirika wa kimataifa. Uchumi wake unafaidika na nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi mkubwa, miundombinu ya kisasa, na mifumo imara ya kisheria na udhibiti. Licha ya nguvu zake, Uingereza inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile tofauti za kiuchumi kati ya maeneo, upungufu wa uzalishaji katika baadhi ya sekta, na shinikizo la makazi, hasa kati ya [[London]] na maeneo mengine. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/swahili/ BBC Swahili] * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Serikali ya Uingereza] {{Wayback|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm |date=20090907093139 }} [[Jamii:Uingereza| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] g9mx04eqckdo73ob8fto3liheipd28v 1545917 1545915 2026-05-19T04:58:42Z Gayle157 73366 /* Uchumi */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] Cited 1545917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|nchi katika Ufalme wa Muungano|}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Uingereza | jina_asili = England ([[en]]) | kauli_mbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "God Save the King" | bendera = Flag of England.svg | nembo = Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg | ramani = England (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Uingereza</i></small> | ukubwawapicha = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[London]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]] | lugha2 = | kabila = {{plainlist| *81.0% [[Wazungu]] *9.6% [[Asia|Waasia]] *4.2% [[Waafrika]] *3.0% [[Chotara]] *2.2% Wengine }} | dini = {{plainlist| *46.3% [[Ukristo]] *36.7% [[Wasio na dini]] *6.7% [[Uislamu]] *1.8% [[Uhindi]] *0.9% [[Kalasinga]] *0.5% [[Uyahudi]] }} | serikali = Utawala wa moja kwa moja wa Uingereza wenye ugatuzi wa sehemu chini ya kifalme wa kikatiba. | utaifa = [[Mwingereza]] | kiongozi1 = [[Charles III]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Mfalme]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = | kiongozi_jina2 = | kiongozi3 = | cheo_kiongozi3 = | bunge = | tukio1 = | tukio1_tarehe = | tukio2 = | tukio2_tarehe = | tukio3 = | tukio3_tarehe = | eneo_jumla = 132,932 km² | eneo_ardhi = | eneo_maji = | asilimia_maji = | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 57,106,398 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_idadi_ya_watu = | msongamano = | plt_ppp = | pato_mwaka = | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = | plt = {{increase}} £2.162 trilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = £37,852 </br> ($46,951) | hdi = | orodha_hdi = | mwaka_maendeleo = | mwaka_gini = | gini = | tovuti = | sarafu = [[Pauni ya Sterling]] | majira_saa = +0 (GMT) | msimbo_simu = 44 | mtandao = | upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kushoto | tanbihi = Uingereza ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | muundo_tarehe = dd/mm/yyyy }} '''Uingereza''' (pia: '''Ingilandi''' kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''England''') ni nchi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Inapakana na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi. [[Bahari ya Eire]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi, [[Bahari ya Celtic]] ipo kusini-magharibi, na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] ipo mashariki, huku Mfereji wa Kiingereza ukiitenganisha na bara la [[Ulaya]] upande wa kusini. Uingereza inashughulikia sehemu kubwa ya kusini ya kisiwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano|cha]] [[Britania]] na ina asilimia 84 ya idadi ya watu wa [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Mji wake mkuu ni [[London]], ambao pia ni mji mkubwa zaidi nchini [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] Uingereza ina mandhari mbalimbali inayojumuisha vilima vinavyopinda, nyanda [[tambarare]], na maeneo ya milima kama Eneo la Ziwa (Lake District) na Milima ya Pennines. Mito yake mikubwa ni pamoja na [[Mto Thames]], Severn, na Trent. Uingereza ina hali ya hewa ya baharini yenye [[Majira ya joto|joto]] la wastani, ikiwa na halijoto za wastani na mvua katika kipindi chote cha mwaka. Nchi hii ina miji mingi, ikiwa na miji mikubwa kama [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Liverpool]], [[Leeds]], na [[Newcastle]], pamoja na miji yake ya [[historia|kihistoria]] na vijiji vya mashambani vinavyovutia mamilioni ya watalii kila mwaka. [[Historia|Kihistoria]], Uingereza imekuwa na nafasi ya kipekee katika maendeleo ya utamaduni wa Magharibi, [[sheria]], [[sayansi]], na [[viwanda]]. Hapa ndipo palipozaliwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]], Mapinduzi ya Kiwanda (''Industrial Revolution''), na watu mashuhuri wengi katika [[fasihi]], [[falsafa]], na [[siasa]]. Mfumo wa sheria ya kawaida (common law) wa Uingereza, demokrasia ya bunge, na taasisi kama vile ufalme, zimekuwa na athari kubwa duniani. Leo, Uingereza bado ni kitovu cha [[uchumi]], [[utamaduni]], na [[siasa]] ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], na inaendelea kuathiri mienendo ya [[dunia] katika [[muziki]], [[michezo]], [[elimu]], na [[teknolojia]] . ==Jina== {{Vyanzo}} Katika [[lugha]] ya kila siku "Uingereza" hutaja mara nyingi Ufalme wote au kisiwa chote cha Britania. Lakini kwa usahihi "Uingereza" ni ile sehemu kubwa zaidi [[kusini]] mwa kisiwa, tofauti na nchi za [[Welisi]] (Wales, upande wa [[magharibi]]) na [[Uskoti]] (Scotland, upande wa [[kaskazini]]).[[Asili]] ya [[jina]] la [[Kiswahili]] ni neno <big>إنجليزي</big> ''injilisi'' ''(matamshi ya Kimisri: ingilisi)''" katika lugha ya [[Kiarabu]]; [[Waarabu]] walisikia jina "inglish" wakirahisisha matamshi kuwa "inglis", wakaongeza [[sauti]] fupi kati ya "g" na "l", hivyo kufikia kwa "ingilis" ambako "i" ya pili ni fupi kiasi cha kusikia pia "e" na hivyo ilipokewa na [[Waswahili]]. Kwa namna ya [[Kibantu]] sauti ya "l" ikawa "r": ingelesi kuwa ingereza. == Jiografia == [[File:Topographic Map of the UK - Blank.png|thumb|Topografia ya Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Picha:Widecombe in the Moor, Devon.jpg|thumb|Mazingira ya vilima vya Devon, kusini-magharibi ya Uingereza]] Uingereza iko kwenye kisiwa cha Britania ambacho ndicho kisiwa kikubwa cha [[Ulaya]]. Inapakana na [[Welisi]] upande wa magharibi na [[Uskoti]] upande wa kaskazini. Upande wa magharibi iko [[Bahari ya Eire]], na ng'ambo yake kisiwa cha [[Eire]] (Ireland). Upande wa [[mashariki]] iko [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]], ng'ambo yake [[Denmark]], [[Ujerumani]] na [[Uholanzi]]; upande wa kusini uko [[Mfereji wa Kiingereza]] halafu kusini-magharibi [[Bahari Atlantiki]], ng'ambo yake [[Ufaransa]] na [[Ubelgiji]]. Tangu mwaka [[1994]] chini ya mfereji huo kuna njia ya [[reli]] kwa [[tobwe]] inayounganisha Uingereza na Ufaransa. Uingereza ina visiwa vingi vidogo; kikubwa ni [[Isle of Wight]] katika kusini. [[Pwani]] zake ni ndefu, hakuna mahali palipo mbali zaidi ya [[km]] 113 kutoka [[bahari]]ni. Sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni ama tambarare au vilima vidogo; mwinuko wa juu ni [[Scafell Pike]] yenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 978. Kumbe [[milima]] mirefu ya Britania iko Welisi na Uskoti. ===Tabianchi=== [[Tabianchi]] ya Uingereza inaathiriwa na mahali pake baharini inayopitiwa na [[Mkondo wa Ghuba]] na [[latitudo|latitudo ya kaskazini]]. Athari hizo zinaleta tabianchi fufutende ya kibahari; kwa [[wastani]] [[baridi]] haishuki chini ya 0 [[°C]] na [[joto]] halipandi juu ya 32 °C. Hata hivyo vipindi vya [[jeledi]] au [[joto]] kali zaidi vinaweza kutokea kwa [[siku]] kadhaa. Miezi ya baridi ni [[Januari]] na [[Februari]]. [[Julai]] kwa kawaida ni mwezi wenye joto zaidi. [[Hali ya hewa]] mara nyingi ni nyevunyevu na [[mvua]] inaweza kutokea mwaka wote. Vipindi vya mvua na [[jua]] hubadilishana haraka. ===Miji ya Uingereza=== [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[London]]. Kati ya [[miji]] mikubwa ya Uingereza ni: [[London]] (wakazi 9,787,426), [[Manchester]] (2,553,379), [[Birmingham]] (pamoja na West Midlands 2,440,986), [[Leeds]] (pamoja na West Yorkshire 1,777,934), [[Sheffield]], [[Bradford]] na [[Liverpool]]. === Mito ya Uingereza === [[Picha:CanalettoSomersetHouseTerrace.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Mto Thames katika London mnamo mwaka 1750]] {{main|Mito ya Uingereza}} Kutokana na tabianchi yenye mvua ya kutosha kuna [[mito]] mingi nchini. Mito mirefu ni Thames (km 346) na Severn (km 350). * [[Severn (mto)|Severn]] (mto mrefu wa [[Britania]]) * [[Thames (mto)|Thames]] (mto mrefu katika Uingereza) * [[Trent (mto)|Trent]] * [[Humber (mto)|Humber]] * [[Tyne (mto)|Tyne]] * [[Tees (mto)|Tees]] * [[Ribble (mto)|Ribble]] * [[Ouse (mto)|Ouse]] * [[Mersey (mto)|Mersey]] * [[Dee (mto)|Dee]] * [[Avon (mto)|Avon]] === Mikoa ya Uingereza === {{Uingerezamap|width={{{width|250}}}}} {{main|Mikoa ya Uingereza}} Kihistoria Uingereza iligawiwa katika [[kaunti]] (''counties'') na miji (''boroughs''). Nchi yote imegawiwa leo katika [[mikoa]] (regions) 9. Mikoa kadhaa huwa na [[mamlaka]] fulani ya kiutawala, lakini si yote. Vinginevyo [[utawala]] wa kieneo kunatokea hasa kwenye ngazi ya kaunti na [[halmashauri]] ndani ya kila mkoa. == Historia == Uingereza ilikaliwa na [[makabila]] ya [[Wabritania]] wenye lugha za [[Kikelti]] na kuvamiwa na [[Dola la Roma]] katika [[karne ya 2]] [[BK]]. Ikawa sehemu ya Dola la Roma hadi [[karne ya 5]] BK. Wakati ule [[Waroma wa Kale|Waroma]] walipaswa kuondoa [[wanajeshi]] wao kisiwani kwa ajili ya [[ulinzi]] wa nchi za [[bara]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/England|title=England|language=english|publisher=Britannica|accessdate=2026-04-11}}</ref> === Uvamizi wa Waanglia-Saksoni === Katika [[karne ya 5|karne za 5]] na [[Karne ya 6|6]] BK makabila ya [[Kigermanik]] walivamia kisiwa hasa [[Wasaksoni]], [[Waangli]] na [[Wadenmark]]. Walileta [[Lugha za Kigermanik|lugha zao za Kigermanik]] zilizochukua nafasi ya lugha ya [[Wabritania]]. Wabritania na Waroma waliokuwa wamebaki walihamia maeneo ya kando kama Welisi au [[Cornwall]] au kuvuka mfereji wa Uingereza kwenda [[Britania Ndogo]] (Kiingereza: Brittany; [[Kifaransa]]: Bretagne). [[Karne]] zilizofuata kisiwa kiliona [[madola]] madogo na hali ya [[vita]]. [[Mwaka]] [[937]] [[Mfalme]] [[Athelstan]] aliweza kuunganisha karibu eneo lote la Uingereza ya leo. === Uvamizi wa Wanormani === Mwaka [[1066]] wanajeshi [[Wanormani]] kutoka kaskazini mwa Ufaransa walivamia Uingereza na kuiteka yote chini ya mtemi [[William Mshindi]]. Wavamizi walitawala wakitumia aina ya Kifaransa. Lugha zote mbili za wananchi na za mabwana ziliendelea pamoja sambamba hadi kuwa lugha moja cha [[Kiingereza]]. === Ufalme wa Muungano === Tangu mwaka [[1601]] mfalme [[James VI wa Uskoti]] alichaguliwa kuwa mfalme wa Uingereza pia. Nchi jirani zote mbili ziliendelea na wafalme wa pamoja hadi mwaka [[1707]]. Mwaka ule Uingereza pamoja na Welisi na Uskoti ziliunganishwa kuwa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania]]. Tangu mwaka [[1801]] jina likawa [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) hadi [[1927]] wakati sehemu kubwa ya Eire ikapata [[uhuru]] wake. Tangu hapo Uingereza ni sehemu ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire ya Kaskazini]] (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). [[Picha:Liverpool skyline.jpg|thumb|330px|Mji wa Liverpool]] == Uchumi== [[File:London city.jpg|thumb|[[London]], Uingereza]] Uingereza ina [[uchumi]] mkubwa zaidi ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] na ni mojawapo ya uchumi wa kikanda ulioendelea zaidi na wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani. <ref name="ONS_UK_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp |title=Gross Domestic Product (GDP) output approach, UK |website=ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Inafanya kazi kama sehemu ya uchumi mpana wa taifa la [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] lakini inachangia sehemu kubwa ya [[pato la taifa]], [[idadi ya watu]], na uzalishaji wa [[Kiwanda|viwanda]]. [[Historia ya Ufalme wa Muungano|Kihistoria]], Uingereza ilikuwa mahali palipoanzia [[Mapinduzi ya Viwandani]], ambayo yaliibadilisha kuwa kitovu cha dunia cha viwanda vya uzalishaji na [[huduma]] za [[fedha|kifedha]]. <ref name="Britannica_Industrial_Rev">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution |title=Industrial Revolution |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Leo, uchumi wake una aina nyingi, ukiwa mtaji mkubwa katika sekta ya [[huduma]], [[Kiwanda|viwanda vya kisasa]], [[teknolojia]], na [[biashara|biashara ya kimataifa]]. <ref name="PwC_UK_Economic_Outlook">{{cite web |url=https://www.pwc.co.uk/services/economics/insights/uk-economic-outlook.html |title=UK Economic Outlook |website=pwc.co.uk |publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers |date=2025 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta ya huduma ndiyo inayoongoza katika uchumi wa Uingereza, hasa huduma za fedha, [[bima]], sekta ya majengo na ardhi, na huduma za biashara. Jiji la [[London]] ni mojawapo ya vituo vikuu vya fedha duniani, likihudumia mabenki makubwa, [[Soko la hisa|masoko ya hisa]], na makampuni ya kimataifa. <ref name="CityOfLondon_Research">{{cite web |url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/supporting-businesses/economic-research-and-information |title=Economic Research and Global Financial Centre Report |website=cityoflondon.gov.uk |publisher=City of London Corporation |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta nyingine muhimu ni [[teknolojia ya habari]], [[afya]], [[elimu]], [[utalii]], na [[viwanda]] vya ubunifu kama [[vyombo vya habari]], [[filamu]], na usanifu. [[Kiwanda|Viwanda]] bado vina umuhimu, hasa katika uzalishaji wa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]], magari, [[kemikali]], na [[dawa]], ingawa vinachukua sehemu ndogo ya ajira ikilinganishwa na sekta ya huduma. <ref name="Britannica_England_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/England/Economy |title=England: Economy |website=Britannica |date=April 10, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uingereza pia ni kitovu kikuu cha biashara ya ndani na ya kimataifa, [[mahuruji|ikisafirisha nje]] bidhaa na huduma kama vile huduma za kifedha, [[mashine]], [[dawa]], na bidhaa za [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]]. Inaagiza [[nishati]], chakula, bidhaa za matumizi, na [[malighafi]] kutoka kwa washirika wa kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_UK_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-kingdom/#economy |title=United Kingdom - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wake unafaidika na nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi mkubwa, miundombinu ya kisasa, na mifumo imara ya kisheria na udhibiti. Licha ya nguvu zake, Uingereza inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile tofauti za kiuchumi kati ya maeneo, upungufu wa uzalishaji katika baadhi ya sekta, na shinikizo la makazi, hasa kati ya [[London]] na maeneo mengine. <ref name="IMF_UK_Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/GBR |title=United Kingdom and the IMF |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/swahili/ BBC Swahili] * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Serikali ya Uingereza] {{Wayback|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm |date=20090907093139 }} [[Jamii:Uingereza| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Ufalme wa Muungano]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] p1iccm8vrt1rdg2hwidm7t00dincosr 0 6151 1546150 1482604 2026-05-19T10:26:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country |native_name = Co-operative Republic of Guyana |common_name = Guyana |image_flag = Flag of Guyana.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg | national_motto = ''One people, one nation, one destiny''<br /> ''"Umma moja, taifa moja, mwelekeo wetu"'' | image_map = Guyana in its region.svg | national_anthem = [[Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains]] |capital= [[Georgetown (Guyana)|Georgetown]] |largest_city= Georgetown |latd=6|latm=49|latNS=N|longd=58|longm=9|longEW=E| |official_languages=[[Kiingereza]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais wa Guyana|Rais]] <br /> [[Waziri Mkuu wa Guyana|Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Irfaan Ali]] <br /> [[Mark Phillips (Guyana)|Mark Phillips]] |area_rank = ya 85 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=214,970 |areami²= 83,000<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 8.4 |population_estimate = 735,554 |population_estimate_rank = ya 165 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_census = 747,884 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density =3.5 |population_densitymi² = 9.1 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 232 |GDP_PPP = $3.489 billioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 157 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,612 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 105 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = Kutoka [[Uingereza]] <br /> Jamhuri |established_dates= <br /> [[26 Mei]] [[1966]] <br /> [[23 Februari]] [[1970]] |HDI = 0.720 |HDI_rank = ya 107 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> |currency = [[dollar ya Guyana]] |currency_code = GYD |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -4 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.gy]] |calling_code = 592 }} ''--Kwa mkoa wa jirani wa [[Ufaransa]] angalia makala [[Guyani ya Kifaransa]]--'' '''Guyana''' ni [[nchi huru]] katika [[Amerika Kusini]]. Imepakana na [[Suriname]] upande wa [[mashariki]], na [[Brazil]] upande wa [[kusini]] na kusini-magharibi halafu na [[Venezuela]] upande wa [[magharibi]]. Ni nchi ndogo ya tatu barani. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Georgetown (Guyana)|Georgetown]]. ==Watu== Wakazi wengi wana asili ya [[India]] (43.5%) na ya [[Afrika]] (30.2%). Asilimia 16.7 ni ma[[chotara]] na 9.1 ni [[Waindio]]. Guyana ni nchi pekee katika Amerika Kusini inayotumia [[Kiingereza]] kama [[lugha rasmi]]. Hata hivyo [[lugha]] ya kawaida ni aina ya [[Krioli]] ambayo ndiyo [[lugha ya taifa]]. Upande wa [[dini]], wengi (57%) ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, wakifuatwa na [[Wahindu]] (28%) na [[Waislamu]] (7%). == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Viungo vya Nje == {{commons}} === Serikali === * [http://www.op.gov.gy President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana - Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.op.gov.gy/ |date=20111121011945 }} * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Guyana Encyclopaedia Britannica - Guyana Country Page] * [http://www.parliament.gov.gy National Assembly] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.gov.gy/ |date=20180116011804 }} * [http://www.guyana-tourism.com/ Official Website of the Guyana Tourism Authority] (GTA) * [http://www.goinvest.gov.gy/ Official Website of the Guyana Office for Investment] {{Wayback|url=http://www.goinvest.gov.gy/ |date=20061019184901 }} - GO-Invest * [http://www.hiv.gov.gy/ Government of Guyana National HIV/AIDS Programme] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hiv.gov.gy/ |date=20061031005839 }} - National website providing HIV/AIDS information to health professionals, general public and partners. * [http://www.guyana.org/govt/US-declassifed-documents-1964-1968.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyana.org/govt/US-declassifed-documents-1964-1968.html |date=20070212125256 }} - Declassified US State Department documents detailing covert action from the start of postwar independence. === Taarifa za jumla === * [http://www.guymine.com Guymine.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guymine.com/ |date=20151225161625 }} - Popular Guyanese website that focuses on Linden, the second largest town * [http://www.sdnp.org.gy SDNP Guyana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sdnp.org.gy/ |date=20150813023406 }} - Guyanese directory and host to ministerial sites * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/South_America/Guyana Open Directory Project - Guyana] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/South_America/Guyana |date=20071029075203 }} directory category * [http://www.mittelholzer.org/forum/index.php] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mittelholzer.org/forum/index.php |date=20060821092638 }} - The Mittleholzer Foundation - Online Guyanese Forum * [http://www.guyanaoutpost.com Guyana Outpost] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyanaoutpost.com/ |date=20190718000420 }} - One of the premier web sites on Guyana and Guyanese * [http://www.guyanainfoline.net Guyana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyanainfoline.net/ |date=20210410211017 }} - On Guyana and its people * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010201211300/http://gfamass.tripod.com/symbols.html National Symbols of Guyana] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1211325.stm BBC profile of Guyana] * [http://www.GuyanaUSA.org] The Committee Dedicated to the Establishment of an American Guyana * [http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Cultural/Hindus%20of%20South%20America.htm Hinduism in Guyana and Suriname] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Cultural/Hindus%20of%20South%20America.htm |date=20180718204200 }} * [http://jonoguyana.blogspot.com Guyana Resource Center] {{Wayback|url=http://jonoguyana.blogspot.com/ |date=20180709222818 }} * [http://www.guyana-tourism.com/images/MAP-Guyana_Tourism_Authority.pdf Map of Guyana - Tourist Destinations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyana-tourism.com/images/MAP-Guyana_Tourism_Authority.pdf |date=20061030212740 }} * [http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1133.html] {{Wayback|url=http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1133.html |date=20080916051729 }} - U.S. State Department Consular Information Sheet for Guyana with entry reuirements and travel information and warnings === Nyongeza === * [http://www.op.gov.gy President's Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.op.gov.gy/ |date=20111121011945 }} * [http://www.guyana.org Guyana in the News] * [http://www.anytravels.com/south_america/guyana/ Travel information on Guyana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anytravels.com/south_america/guyana/ |date=20061004153142 }} * [http://www.guyana.ro An unique site about Guyana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.guyana.ro/ |date=20210624160457 }} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1211325.stm BBC's profile] {{Amerika Kusini}} {{mbegu-jio-AmerikaKusini}} [[Jamii:Guyana]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Amerika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] gvxu8psuyowgpztse60pdllhd3qvm7y 0 14548 1546032 1543939 2026-05-19T08:32:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tafsiri}} {{Infobox software license | name = GNU Free Documentation License | image = [[File:GFDL Logo.svg|160px]] | caption = The GFDL logo | author = [[Free Software Foundation]] | version = 1.3 | publisher = Free Software Foundation, Inc. | date = November 3, 2008 (current version) | spdx = {{Unbulleted list|GFDL-1.3-or-later |GFDL-1.3-only |GFDL-1.2-or-later |GFDL-1.2-only |GFDL-1.1-or-later |GFDL-1.1-only }} ([https://spdx.org/licenses/ see list for more]) | Debian approved = Yes, with no invariant sections (see below) | GPL compatible = No | copyleft = Yes }} '''GNU Free Documentation License''' ('''GNU FDL''' au '''GFDL''') ni [[leseni]] huru kwa ajili ya nyaraka huria iliyobuniwa na [[Free Software Foundation]] (FSF) kwa ajili ya [[GNU Project]]. Leseni hii inafanana na [[GNU General Public License]], kwa kuwa inawapa wasomaji haki ya kunakili, kusambaza, na kurekebisha kazi (isipokuwa kwa "sehemu zisizobadilika"), na inahitaji kwamba nakala zote na kazi zinazotokana nazo ziwe chini ya leseni hiyo hiyo. Nakala za kazi pia zinaweza kuuzwa kibiashara, lakini iwapo zitazalishwa kwa wingi (zaidi ya nakala 100), hati asilia au msimbo wa chanzo lazima utolewe kwa mpokeaji wa kazi hiyo. GFDL iliundwa mahsusi kwa ajili ya miongozo ya watumiaji, vitabu vya kiada, vifaa vingine vya rejea na mafunzo, na nyaraka zinazotolewa pamoja na programu za GNU. Hata hivyo, inaweza kutumika kwa kazi yoyote inayotegemea maandishi, bila kujali mada yake. Kwa mfano, kamusi elezo huru ya mtandaoni [[Wikipedia]] inatumia GFDL (pamoja na [[Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License]]) kwa sehemu kubwa ya maandishi yake, isipokuwa maandishi yaliyoingizwa kutoka vyanzo vingine baada ya mabadiliko ya leseni ya mwaka 2009, ambayo yanapatikana tu chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=29 June 2023 |title=WIKIPEDIA MOVES TO CC 4.0 LICENSES |url=https://creativecommons.org/2023/06/29/wikipedia-moves-to-cc-4-0-licenses/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Creative Commons}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=FSF Releases New Version of GNU Free Documentation License — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software |url=https://www.fsf.org/news/fdl-1.3-pr.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.fsf.org}}</ref> == Historia == Leseni ya GFDL ilitolewa kwa rasimu ili kupata maoni mnamo Septemba 1999.<ref>{{cite newsgroup |title=New Documentation License—Comments Requested |author=Richard Stallman |date=September 12, 1999 |newsgroup=gnu.misc.discuss |message-id=gnusenet199909120759.DAA04152@psilocin.gnu.org |url=http://tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1999/0912.html |access-date=August 17, 2017 |archive-date=2022-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226013937/https://www.tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1999/0912.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baada ya marekebisho, toleo la 1.1 lilitolewa mnamo Machi 2000, toleo la 1.2 mnamo Novemba 2002, na toleo la 1.3 mnamo Novemba 2008. Hali ya sasa ya leseni ni toleo la 1.3.<ref name="onepoint3faq">{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3-faq.html |title=GFDL v1.3 FAQ |publisher=GNU |access-date=November 7, 2011}}</ref> Mnamo Desemba 1, 2007, mwanzilishi wa Wikipedia [[Jimmy Wales]] alitangaza kwamba kipindi kirefu cha majadiliano na mazungumzo kati ya Free Software Foundation, Creative Commons, [[Wikimedia Foundation]] na wengine kilizaa pendekezo lililoungwa mkono na FSF na Creative Commons kubadilisha Leseni ya Nyaraka Huru ili kutoa uwezekano kwa Wikimedia Foundation kuhamisha miradi yake kwa leseni inayofanana ya [[Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike]] (CC BY-SA).<ref>{{cite web |last=Lessig |first=Lawrence |url=http://lessig.org/blog/2007/12/some_important_news_from_wikip.html |title=Some important news from Wikipedia to understand clearly |publisher=Lessig Blog |date=December 1, 2007 |access-date=November 7, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026061623/http://lessig.org/blog/2007/12/some_important_news_from_wikip.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |title=Resolution:License update |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=November 7, 2011}}</ref> Mabadiliko haya yalitekelezwa kwenye toleo la 1.3 la leseni, ambalo linajumuisha kifungu kipya kinachoruhusu baadhi ya vifaa vilivyotolewa chini ya leseni ya (GFDL) kutumika pia chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike.<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> == Masharti == Vifaa vilivyotolewa chini ya toleo la sasa la leseni vinaweza kutumika kwa madhumuni yoyote, alimradi tu matumizi hayo yatekeleze masharti fulani. * Waandishi wote wa awali wa kazi lazima watambuliwe kama ilivyoainishwa. * Mabadiliko yoyote kwenye kazi lazima yarekodiwe. * Kazi zote za asili lazima ziwe chini ya leseni hiyo hiyo. * Nakala kamili ya leseni, sehemu zisizobadilika kama ilivyoainishwa na mwandishi kama zipo, na yoyote nyingine ya onyo la dhamana (kama onyo la jumla linaloonya wasomi kuwa hati hiyo inaweza kuwa si sahihi kwa mfano) pamoja na matangazo ya hakimiliki kutoka toleo za awali lazima zishikewe. * Hatua za kiufundi kama vile usimamizi wa hak za kidijitali (DRM) haziruhusiwi kutumika kudhibiti au kuzuia usambazaji au uhariri wa hati. === Secondary sections === The license explicitly separates any kind of "Document" from "Secondary Sections", which may not be integrated with the Document, but exist as front-matter materials or appendices. Secondary sections can contain information regarding the author's or publisher's relationship to the subject matter, but not any subject matter itself. While the Document itself is wholly editable and is essentially covered by a license equivalent to (but mutually incompatible with) the [[GNU General Public License]], some of the secondary sections have various restrictions designed primarily to deal with proper attribution to previous authors. Specifically, the authors of prior versions have to be acknowledged and certain "invariant sections" specified by the original author and dealing with his or her relationship to the subject matter may not be changed. If the material is modified, its title has to be changed (unless the prior authors permit to retain the title). The license also has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, as well as for "History", "Acknowledgements", "Dedications" and "Endorsements" sections. These features were added in part to make the license more financially attractive to commercial publishers of software documentation, some of whom were consulted during the drafting of the GFDL.<ref name=why>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-gfdl.html |title=Why publishers should use the GNU FDL |access-date=July 17, 2009 |website=GNU}}</ref><ref name="gnufaq">GNU Project: "[https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhyNotGPLForManuals Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses: Why don't you use the GPL for manuals?]"</ref> "Endorsements" sections are intended to be used in official standard documents, where the distribution of modified versions should only be permitted if they are not labeled as that standard anymore.<ref name="gnufaq"/> === Commercial redistribution === The GFDL requires the ability to "copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially" and therefore is incompatible with material that excludes commercial re-use. As mentioned above, the GFDL was designed with commercial publishers in mind, as Stallman explained:{{quote|The GFDL is meant as a way to enlist commercial publishers in funding free documentation without surrendering any vital liberty. The 'cover text' feature, and certain other aspects of the license that deal with covers, title page, history, and endorsements, are included to make the license appealing to commercial publishers for books whose authors are paid.<ref name=why/>}} Material that restricts commercial re-use is incompatible with the license and cannot be incorporated into the work. However, incorporating such restricted material may be [[fair use]] under United States copyright law (or [[fair dealing]] in some other countries) and does not need to be licensed to fall within the GFDL if such fair use is covered by all potential subsequent uses. One example of such liberal and commercial fair use is [[parody]]. ===Compatibility with Creative Commons licensing terms=== Although the two licenses work on similar copyleft principles, the GFDL is not compatible with the [[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license]]. However, at the request of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]],<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> version 1.3 added a time-limited section allowing specific types of websites using the GFDL to additionally offer their work under the CC BY-SA license. These exemptions allow a GFDL-based collaborative project with multiple authors to transition to the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, without first obtaining the permission of every author, if the work satisfies several conditions:<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> * The work must have been produced on a "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (MMC), such as a public [[wiki]] for example. * If external content originally published on a MMC is present on the site, the work must have been licensed under Version 1.3 of the GNU FDL, or an earlier version but with the "or any later version" declaration, with no cover texts or invariant sections. If it was not originally published on an MMC, it can only be [[Software relicensing|relicensed]] if it were added to an MMC before November 1, 2008. To prevent the clause from being used as a general compatibility measure, the license itself only allowed the change to occur before August 1, 2009. At the release of version 1.3, the FSF stated that all content added before November 1, 2008, to Wikipedia as an example satisfied the conditions. The Wikimedia Foundation itself after a public referendum, invoked this process to [[dual-license]] content released under the GFDL under the [[CC BY-SA]] license in June 2009, and adopted a foundation-wide attribution policy for the use of content from Wikimedia Foundation projects. ==Enforcement== There have currently been no cases involving the GFDL in a court of law, although its sister license for software, the [[GNU General Public License]], has been successfully enforced in such a setting.<ref>{{cite web |title=BusyBox and the GPL Prevail Again – Updated 4Xs |url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100803132055210 |first=Pamela |last=Jones |work=[[Groklaw]] |date=August 3, 2010 |access-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-date=2010-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804000246/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100803132055210 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the content of [[Wikipedia]] has been plagiarized and used in violation of the GFDL by other sites, such as [[Baidu Baike]], no contributors have ever tried to bring an organization to court due to violation of the GFDL. In the case of Baidu, Wikipedia representatives asked the site and its contributors to respect the terms of the licenses and to make proper attributions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html |title=Baidu May Be Worst Wikipedia Copyright Violator |publisher=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]] |date=August 6, 2007 |access-date=September 10, 2007 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421051401/http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2016-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421051401/http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html }}</ref> ==Criticism== Some critics consider the GFDL a non-free license. Some reasons for this are that the GFDL allows "invariant" text which cannot be modified or removed, and that its prohibition against [[digital rights management]] (DRM) systems applies to valid usages, like for "private copies made and not distributed".<ref name="nerode2007">{{cite web|url=http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175219/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-date=December 10, 2007 |title=Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL |date=December 10, 2007 |access-date=November 7, 2011|first=Nathanael|last=Nerode}}</ref> Notably, the [[Debian]] project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.xhtml |title=Draft Debian Position Statement about the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL)|year=2006|access-date=September 25, 2007 |first=Manoj |last=Srivastava |quote=''It is not possible to borrow text from a GFDL'd manual and incorporate it in any free software program whatsoever. This is not a mere license incompatibility. It's not just that the GFDL is incompatible with this or that free software license: it's that it is fundamentally incompatible with any free software license whatsoever. So if you write a new program, and you have no commitments at all about what license you want to use, saving only that it be a free license, you cannot include GFDL'd text. The GNU FDL, as it stands today, does not meet the Debian Free Software Guidelines. There are significant problems with the license, as detailed above; and, as such, we cannot accept works licensed under the GNU FDL into our distribution.''}}</ref> [[Thomas Bushnell]],<ref name="lwn">{{cite web |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/59147/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713142623/http://lwn.net/Articles/59147/ |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=Thomas Bushnell dismissed from Hurd project for criticizing GFDL |publisher=archive.is |access-date=April 16, 2017 |date=November 19, 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathanael Nerode,<ref name="nerode2003">{{cite web|url=http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009105046/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-date=October 9, 2003 |title=Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL |access-date=November 7, 2011 |first=Nathanael |last=Nerode |date=September 24, 2003}}</ref> and [[Bruce Perens]]<ref name="Bruceperens2003">{{cite web|url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00091.html |publisher=lists.debian.org/debian-legal |title=stepping in between Debian and FSF |author=Bruce Perens |author-link=Bruce Perens |date=September 2, 2003 |access-date=March 20, 2016 |quote=FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the Free Software ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. FSF is not Creative Commons:the documentation that FSF handles is an essential component of FSF's Free Software, and should be treated as such. In that light, the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years.}}</ref> have raised objections. Bruce Perens saw the GFDL even outside the "Free Software ethos":<ref name="Bruceperens2003"/> {{quote|"FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the [[Free Software]] ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. [...] the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years."}} In 2006, Debian developers voted to consider works licensed under the GFDL to comply with their [[Debian Free Software Guidelines]] provided that the invariant section clauses are not used.<ref name=debianresolution>Debian: "[http://www.debian.org/vote/2006/vote_001.en.html#amendmenttexta General Resolution: Why the GNU Free Documentation License is not suitable for Debian main – Amendment Text A]". 2006. (Accessed June 20, 2009)</ref> However, their resolution stated that even without invariant sections, GFDL-licensed software documentation is considered to be "still not free of trouble" by the project, namely because of its incompatibility with the major free software licenses.<ref name=debianresolution/> Those opposed to the GFDL have recommended the use of alternative licenses such as the [[BSD License]] or the GNU GPL.<ref name=debianresolution/> The [[FLOSS Manuals]] foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL "does not allow for easy duplication and modification", especially for digital documentation.<ref>{{cite web |title=License Change|url=http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080228211105/http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 28, 2008|website=[[FLOSS Manuals]] Blog |access-date=June 20, 2009 | date=June 6, 2007}}</ref> ===DRM clause=== The GNU FDL contains the statement: {{quotation|You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.}} A criticism of this language is that it is too broad, because it applies to private copies made but not distributed. This means that a licensee is not allowed to save document copies "made" in a proprietary file format or using encryption. In 2003, [[Richard Stallman]] said about the above sentence on the debian-legal mailing list:<ref>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |date=September 6, 2003 |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00212.html |title=Re: A possible GFDL compromise| access-date=September 25, 2007 |website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023074846/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00212.html |archive-date= October 23, 2023 }}</ref> {{quotation|This means that you cannot publish them under DRM systems to restrict the possessors of the copies. It isn't supposed to refer to use of encryption or file access control on your own copy. I will talk with our lawyer and see if that sentence needs to be clarified.}} ===Invariant sections=== A GNU FDL work can quickly be encumbered because a new, different title must be given and a list of previous titles must be kept. This could lead to the situation where there are a whole series of title pages, and dedications, in each and every copy of the book if it has a long lineage. These pages cannot be removed until the work enters the [[public domain]] after [[copyright]] expires. [[Richard Stallman]] said about invariant sections on the ''debian-legal'' mailing list:<ref>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |date=August 23, 2003 |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/08/msg00807.html |title=Re: A possible GFDL compromise| access-date=September 25, 2007|website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231023074535/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/08/msg00807.html |archive-date= October 23, 2023 }}</ref> {{quotation|The goal of invariant sections, ever since the 80s when we first made the GNU Manifesto an invariant section in the Emacs Manual, was to make sure they could not be removed. Specifically, to make sure that distributors of Emacs that also distribute non-free software could not remove the statements of our philosophy, which they might think of doing because those statements criticize their actions.}} ===GPL incompatible in both directions=== The GNU FDL is [[License compatibility|incompatible]] in both directions with the GPL—material under the GNU FDL cannot be put into GPL code and GPL code cannot be put into a GNU FDL manual.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Braakman |first=Richard |date=April 20, 2003 |title=Re: Proposed statement wrt GNU FDL |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/04/msg00258.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208072807/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/04/msg00258.html |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal}}</ref> At the June 22–23, 2006 international GPLv3 conference in Barcelona, [[Eben Moglen]] hinted that a future version of the GPL could be made suitable for documentation:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fsfe.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript#lgpl |title=Transcript of Eben Moglen at the 3rd international GPLv3 conference: LGPL, like merging electronic weak |access-date=June 20, 2009 |date=June 22, 2006 |website=Free Software Foundation Europe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807080218/http://fsfe.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript#lgpl |archive-date= August 7, 2011 }}</ref> {{quotation|By expressing LGPL as just an additional permission on top of GPL we simplify our licensing landscape drastically. It's like for physics getting rid of a force, right? We just unified electro-weak, ok? The grand unified field theory still escapes us until the document licences too are just additional permissions on top of GPL. I don't know how we'll ever get there, that's gravity, it's really hard.}} ===Burdens when printing=== The GNU FDL requires that licensees, when printing a document covered by the license, must also include "this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document". This means that if a licensee prints out a copy of an article whose text is covered under the GNU FDL, they must also include a copyright notice and a physical printout of the GNU FDL, which is a significantly large document in itself. Worse, the same is required for the standalone use of just one (for example, Wikipedia) image.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://notablog.notafish.com/post/2005/04/21/26-why-the-wikimedia-projects-should-not-use-gfdl-as-a-stand-alone-license-for-images |title=Why the Wikimedia projects should not use GFDL as a stand alone license for images |publisher=Notablog.notafish.com |date=April 21, 2005 |access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> Several Wikimedia projects have over the years abandoned the use of GFDL, among them the English Wikipedia, which has relicensed the files.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/305892/ |first=Jonathan |last=Corbet |title=GFDL 1.3: Wikipedia's exit permit |date=November 5, 2008 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |newspaper=LWN.net}}</ref> [[Wikivoyage]], a web site dedicated to [[free content]] travel guides, chose not to use the GFDL from the beginning because it considers it unsuitable for short printed texts.<ref>[[Wikivoyage:Project:Why Wikivoyage isn't GFDL]]</ref> == Other licenses for free works == * [[Creative Commons license]] * [[Design Science License]] * [[Free Art License]] * [[FreeBSD Documentation License]] * [[Open Content License]] * [[Open Game License]] * [[Open Publication License]] * [[WTFPL]] == List of projects that use the GFDL == {{dynamic list}} * Most projects of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], including [[Wikipedia]] (excluding [[Wikivoyage]] and [[Wikinews]]) – On June 15, 2009, the Section 11 clauses were used to dual-license the content of these wikis under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license and GFDL. * An Anarchist FAQ * [[Citizendium]] – the project uses GFDL for articles originally from Wikipedia. * [[Free On-line Dictionary of Computing]] * [[Last.fm]] – artist descriptions are under GFDL * [[Marxists Internet Archive]] * [[PlanetMath]] (now uses CC BY-SA license) * [[Rosetta Code]] * [[SourceWatch]] * The specification documents that define [[TRAK]], an [[enterprise architecture framework]], are released under the GFDL. * ''Abstract Algebra'' by Thomas W. Judson.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Judson | first1=Thomas W. | title=Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications | year=2015 | url=http://abstract.ups.edu/ | accessdate=2023-02-17 | archive-date=2013-07-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701030707/http://abstract.ups.edu/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> * the [[Baseball-Reference]]'s BR Bullpen, a free user-contributed baseball wiki == See also == {{Portal|Free and open-source software}} <!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] --> {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} * [[BSD licenses]] * [[Copyleft]] * [[Copyright]] * [[Free-software license]] * [[GNU]] * [[Non-commercial educational station]] * [[Free content]] * [[Share-alike]] * [[Software license]] {{div col end}} <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> == References == {{Reflist|35em}} ==External links== * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.3] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html |date=20200801133613 }} * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.2]—This version is [[deprecated]] by the FSF. * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.1.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.1]—This version is [[deprecated]] by the FSF. {{listen|filename=GFDL (English).ogg|title=Listen to the GFDL (0:23:28) version 1.2, November 2002, (recorded 2005-05-28)|description=Audio recording of the full text of the GNU Free Documentation License.|format=[[Ogg]]}} * [http://gplv3.fsf.org/doclic-dd1-guide.html FSF guide to the new drafts of documentation licenses] {{Wayback|url=http://gplv3.fsf.org/doclic-dd1-guide.html |date=20120205175357 }} * [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html Free Software and Free Manuals] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html |date=20210815064923 }}, essay by Richard Stallman * [https://opensource.apple.com/cdl/ Apple's Common Documentation License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331154525/http://www.opensource.apple.com/cdl/ |date=March 31, 2009 }}, an alternative license {{GNU}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gnu Free Documentation License}} 5v0fr2x9zc2di0or65ji0euasxmjfhm 0 32969 1545806 1471086 2026-05-18T22:56:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Mutoko''' ni [[mtangazaji]] wa [[redio]] katika kituo cha redio cha Kiss FM, ambapo huendesha kipindi cha asubuhi kinachojulikana kama ''The Big Breakfast''. Awali, alikisimulia kipindi hicho pamoja na mwanazarakazi Walter Nyambane, kabla Nyambane kuhamia kwenye kituo cha ''Nation Media Group'' kuwa mtangazaji wa zamu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/article/2001308627/caroline-mutoko-biography|title=Caroline Mutoko Biography|website=Standard Media Kenya|access-date=2025-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiss100.co.ke/caroline-mutoko|title=Caroline Mutoko – Kiss FM|website=Kiss FM Kenya|access-date=2025-11-11}}</ref> Kabla ya kazi yake Kiss FM, Caroline alifanya kazi katika Capital FM mjini [[Nairobi]] kama mtangazaji na [[Meneja]] wa Mauzo. Caroline ni mtu mwenye ushawishi mkubwa. Baada ya uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka kumi katika redio, anazidi kuongeza umahiri wake, huku akihamasisha na kuchangamsha wapenzi wa redio. Hivi sasa, anaendelea kuwa [[mtangazaji]] wa Masafa ya Redio ya Kiss 100, akishirikiana na wenzake wapya, wakiwemo mwanazarakazi Felix Odiwuor anayejulikana kwa jina la utani ''Jalang'o'' au ''Jalas'', na Duke Larry Asego. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.Kissfm.co.ke. Nairobi Kiss FM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kissfm.co.ke./ |date=20150502072453 }} *[http://www.capitalfm.co.ke Nairobi's Capital FM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/ |date=20091124010759 }} == Tazama pia == *[[Walter Mongare Nyambane]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mutoko, Caroline}} [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] 0ob44ckft4kz5y4ee4sse0o5fhtd1hh 0 37210 1545834 1121617 2026-05-19T00:05:36Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing West_Palm_Beach_Aerial_November_2014_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg with [[File:West_Palm_Beach_Aerial_November_2014_photo_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR1|Criter 1545834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:West Palm Beach Aerial November 2014 photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Sehemu ya Mji wa West Palm Beach, Florida]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = West Palm Beach |picha_ya_satelite = Clematis-1.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = West Palm Beach |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa West Palm Beach katika Marekani |settlement_type = Mji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Marekani]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Florida]] |subdivision_type2 = [[:en:List of counties in Florida|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[:en:Palm Beach County, Florida|Palm Beach]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 107377 |latd=26 |latm=42 |lats=00 |latNS=N |longd=80 |longm=03 |longs=00 |longEW=W |website = http://www.cityofwpb.com/ }}[[Picha:Map of Florida highlighting West Palm Beach.svg |thumb|right|270px|Mahali pa West Palm Beach katika Florida]] '''West Palm Beach''' ni mji wa [[Marekani]] katika [[jimbo]] la [[Florida]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2007, mji una wakazi wapatao 107,000 wanaoishi katika mji huu. Mji upo m 6 kutoka [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]]. Eneo lake ni 143 [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]. {{commonscat}} {{mbegu-jio-florida}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Florida]] [[Jamii:Miami, Florida]] [[Jamii:Palm Beach County, Florida]] ner3cdecaou3fo5kiwll3ahanpqibso 0 56625 1546050 1545245 2026-05-19T08:54:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni moved page [[Kuma]] to [[Uke]] over redirect 1545245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Female sexual and reproductive Organs 1.png|thumb|300px|Mfumo wa uzazi wa mwanamke kwa ndani na nje.]] [[Picha:Black_genitalia_annotated.jpg|250px|thumb|Sehemu za nje za siri za mwanamke (Vulva):<br>1: [[Govi]] la kinembe<br>2: [[Kinembe]]<br>3: Mashavu makubwa ya nje (Labia majora)<br>4: Mashavu madogo ya ndani (Labia minora)<br>5: Lango la mrija wa [[mkojo]] (Urethra)<br>6: Lango la uke (Vagina)<br>7: [[Msamba]] (Perineum)<br>8: [[Mkundu]]]] '''Uke''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''Vagina'') ni kiungo cha ndani cha mfumo wa uzazi wa [[mwanamke]]. Kiungo hiki kina umbo la mfereji wa misuli unaoanzia kwenye shingo ya uzazi (servix) hadi nje ya mwili kwenye sehemu za siri zinazojulikana kisayansi kama '''vulva''' au mashavu ya nje.<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/hatari-kwa-wanawake-wanaojifukiza-sehemu-za-siri-zatajwa--3898598</ref> Katika maisha ya kila siku, uke una kazi kubwa tatu mwilini: # '''Njia ya uzazi:''' Wakati wa kujifungua, misuli ya uke hupanuka kwa kiasi kikubwa ili kumruhusu mtoto kutoka kwenye mji wa mimba kuelekea nje. # '''Kutoa damu ya hedhi:''' Kila mwezi, damu na tishu zinazotoka kwenye mji wa mimba wakati wa [[hedhi]] hupita kwenye mfereji huu ili kutoka nje ya mwili. # '''Tendo la ndoa:''' Wakati wa kujamiiana, uke hupokea uume na kutoa majimaji ya asili yanayolainisha njia ili kuzuia maumivu au michubuko. Kwa kawaida, uke una uwezo wa kujisafisha wenyewe kupitia majimaji maalum yanayozalishwa na tezi za ndani, hivyo wataalamu wa afya wanashauri kutoweka sabuni au kemikali ndani yake ili kuzuia maambukizi. == Muundo na ukuaji == Kipindi cha [[balehe]] kinachoanza kati ya umri wa miaka 9 hadi 15, mabadiliko makubwa ya kihomoni hutokea mwilini. Katika umri huu, uke pamoja na [[mji wa mimba]] (uterus) hukua na kuongezeka ukubwa.<ref name="Marshall 187">Marshall, ''Human Growth'', uk. 187.</ref> Katika hatua hii, tezi za siri huanza kuzalisha kiowevu cheupe au kisicho na rangi (ute wa kawaida). Kiowevu hiki ni muhimu kwani husaidia kuweka uke katika hali ya usafi, unyevunyevu, na kuua bakteria wabaya. == Rangi na umbo == Muonekano wa uke na mashavu ya nje unatofautiana sana kati ya mwanamke mmoja na mwingine. Rangi ya maeneo haya inaweza kuwa ya waridi (pinki), nyekundu, kahawia, au nyeusi kulingana na rangi ya ngozi ya mtu na mzunguko wa damu. Pia, ni jambo la kawaida kabisa kwa mashavu ya siri (labia) kutolingana kwa ukubwa au umbo. == Tanbihi == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-anatomia}} [[Jamii:Mwili]] [[Jamii:Viungo vya mwili]] [[Jamii:Uzazi]] 8q2tk6550tnw9qpdaf9q4x8l26d92ga 0 72518 1546021 1347032 2026-05-19T08:10:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546021 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Maritain Jacques.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Jacques Maritain]] '''Jacques Maritain''' ([[Paris]], [[18 Novemba]] [[1882]] – [[28 Aprili]] [[1973]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. ==Maisha yake== Kisha kulelewa katika [[Uprotestanti]], aliasi [[dini]] na kuona haiwezekani kujua kama [[Mungu]] yupo kweli. Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[sayansi]] katika [[chuo kikuu]] cha [[Sorbonne]], Paris, alikutana na [[Raïssa Maritain|Raïssa Oumansoff]], [[Myahudi]] kutoka [[Urusi]]. Walipoona [[elimu]] haijibu maswali makuu juu ya [[maana ya maisha]], mwaka [[1901]] walikubaliana kujiua kwa wakati mmoja. Lakini waliepushwa na [[rafiki]] yao aliyewaelekeza kufuata vipindi vya wanafalsafa bora. Mwaka [[1904]] [[ndoa|walioana]] na mwaka [[1906]] waliongokea [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Baada ya hapo wote wawili waliandika sana. Jacques alitunga zaidi ya [[Kitabu|vitabu]] 60, akisaidia kufufua mafundisho ya [[Thomas Aquinas]] na kutunga [[Tamko la kimataifa la haki za binadamu]]. Mwishoni mwa [[Mtaguso wa pili wa Vatikano]], [[Papa Paulo VI]] alimkabidhi yeye "Ujumbe kwa Wanafalsafa na Wanasayansi". Mwaka 1912 pamoja na [[mke]] wake walikuwa wameweka [[nadhiri]] ya kujinyima moja kwa moja [[tendo la ndoa]]. Baada ya kufiwa naye, alikwenda kuishi [[utawa]]ni hadi [[kifo]] chake mwenyewe. ==Maandishi yake== ===I. Vitabu vyake muhimu zaidi vilivyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza=== * ''[[The Degrees of Knowledge]]'', orig. 1932 * ''Integral Humanism'', orig. 1936 * ''A Preface to Metaphysics'', engl. 1962 * ''Education at the Crossroads'', engl. 1942 * ''[[The Range of Reason]]'', engl. 1952 * ''[[The Person and the Common Good]]'', fr. 1947 * ''Approaches to God'', fr. 1953 * ''Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry'', engl. 1953 * ''Moral Philosophy'', * ''Introduction to Philosophy'', Christian Classics, Inc., Westminster, MD, 1st. 1930, 1991. * ''Existence and the Existent'', (fr. 1947) trans. by Lewis Galantiere and Gerald B. Phelan, Image Books division of Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, NY, 1948, Image book, 1956. ISBN 978-0-8371-8078-6 * ''Man and The State'', (orig.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ILL, 1951. * ''The Peasant of the Garonne, An Old Layman Questions Himself about the Present Time'', trans. Michael Cuddihy and Elizabeth Hughes, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, NY, 1968; orig. 1966. * ''God and the Permission of Evil'', trans. Joseph W. Evans, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, WI, 1966 (orig. 1963). * ''[[Art and Scholasticism with other essays]]'', Sheed and Ward, [[London]], 1947 ===II. Kwa lugha asili=== * ''La philosophie bergsonienne'', 1914 (1948) * ''Eléments de philosophie'', 2 volumes, Paris 1920/23 * ''Art et scolastique'', 1920 * ''Théonas ou les entretiens d’un sage et de deux philosophes sur diverses matières inégalement actuelles'', Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1921 * ''Antimoderne'', Paris, Édition de la Revue des Jeunes, 1922 * ''Réflexions sur l’intelligence et sur sa vie propre'', Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1924. * ''Trois réformateurs : [[Martin Luther|Luther]], [[Descartes]], [[Rousseau]], avec six portraits'', Paris [Plon], 1925 * ''Réponse à [[Jean Cocteau]]'', 1926 * ''Une opinion sur [[Charles Maurras]] et le devoir des catholiques'', Paris [Plon], 1926 * ''Primauté du spirituel'', 1927 * ''Pourquoi Rome a parlé'' (coll.), Paris, Spes, 1927 * ''Quelques pages sur Léon Bloy'', Paris 1927 * ''Clairvoyance de Rome'' (coll.), Paris, Spes, 1929 * ''Le docteur angélique'', Paris, Paul Hartmann, 1929 * ''Religion et culture'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1930 (1946) * ''Le thomisme et la civilisation'', 1932 * ''Distinguer pour unir ou Les degrés du savoir'', Paris 1932 * ''Le songe de Descartes, Suivi de quelques essais'', Paris 1932 * ''De la philosophie chrétienne'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1933 * ''Du régime temporel et de la liberté'', Paris, DDB, 1933 * ''Sept leçons sur l'être et les premiers principes de la raison spéculative'', Paris 1934 * ''Frontières de la poésie et autres essais'', Paris 1935 * ''La philosophie de la nature, Essai critique sur ses frontières et son objet'', Paris 1935 (1948) * ''Lettre sur l’indépendance'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1935. * ''Science et sagesse'', Paris 1935 * ''Humanisme intégral. Problèmes temporels et spirituels d'une nouvelle chrétienté''; zunächst spanisch 1935), Paris (Fernand Aubier), 1936 (1947) * ''Les Juifs parmi les nations'', Paris, Cerf, 1938 * ''Questions de conscience : essais et allocutions'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1938 * ''La personne humaine et la societé'', Paris 1939 * ''Le crépuscule de la civilisation'', Paris, Éd. Les Nouvelles Lettres, 1939 * ''Quattre essais sur l'ésprit dans sa crudition charnelle'', Paris 1939 (1956) * ''De la justice politique, Notes sur le présente guerre'', Paris 1940 * ''Scholasticism and politics'', New York 1940 * ''A travers le désastre'', New York 1941 (1946) * ''Conféssion de foi'', New York 1941 * ''Ransoming the time'' (Redeeming the time), New York 1941 * ''La pensée de St.Paul'', New York 1941 (Paris 1947) * ''Les Droits de l'Homme et la Loi naturelle'', New York 1942 (Paris 1947) * ''Saint Thomas and the problem of evil'', Milwaukee 1942; * ''Essays in Thomism'', New York 1942; * ''Christianisme et démocratie'', New York 1943 (Paris 1945) * ''Education at the crossroad'', New Haven 1943 * ''Principes d'une politique humaniste'', New York 1944 (Paris 1945); * ''De Bergson à Thomas d'Aquin, Essais de Métaphysique et de Morale'', New York 1944 (Paris 1947) * ''A travers la victoire'', Paris 1945; * ''Messages 1941-1944'', New York 1945; * ''Pour la justice'', Articles et discours 1940-1945, New York 1945; * ''Le sort de l'homme'', Neuchâtel 1945; * ''Court traité de l'existence et de l'existent'', Paris 1947; * ''La personne et le bien commun'', Paris 1947; * ''Raison et raisons, Essais détachés'', Paris 1948 * ''La signification de l'athéisme contemporain'', Paris 1949 * ''Man and state'', Chicago 1951 * ''Neuf leçons sur les notions premières de la philosophie morale, Paris 1951 * ''Approches de Dieu'', Paris 1953. * ''L'Homme et l'Etat'' (engl.: Man and State, 1951) Paris, PUF, 1953 * ''Creative intuition in Art and Poetry'' (engl.), 1953 * ''On the philosophy of history'', ed. J.W. Evans, New York 1957 * ''Truth and human fellowship'', Princeton 1957 * ''Reflections on America'', New York 1958 * ''Pour une philosophie de l'éducation'', Paris 1959 * ''Le philosophe dans la Cité'', Paris 1960 * ''The responsibility of the artist'', New York 1960; * ''La philosophie morale'', Vol. I: Examen historique et critique des grands systèmes, Paris 1960 * ''Man's approach to God'', Latrobe/Pennsylvania 1960 * ''On the use of philosophy'', Princeton 1961 * ''A preface to metaphysics'', New York 1962 * ''Dieu et la permission du mal'', 1963 * ''Carnet de notes'', Paris, DDB, 1965 * ''L'intuition créatrice dans l'art et dans la poésie'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1966 (engl. 1953) * ''Le paysan de la Garonne. Un vieux laïc s’interroge à propos du temps présent'', Paris, DDB, 1966 * ''Challenges and renewals'', ed. J.W. Evans/L.R. Ward, Notre Dame/Ind. 1966 * ''The education of man, The educational philosophy of J.M.'', ed. D./I. Gallagher, Notre Dame/Ind. 1967 * ''De la grâce et de l'humanité de Jésus'', 1967 * ''De l'Église du Christ. La personne de l'église et son personnel'', Paris 1970 * ''Approches sans entraves'', posthum 1973. * '''Oeuvres complètes de Jacques et Raïssa Maritain''', 16 Bde., 1982-1999. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * G. B. Phelan, ''Jacques Maritain'', NY, 1937. * J.W. Evans in ''Catholic Encyclopaedia'' Vol XVI Supplement 1967–1974. * Michael R. Marrus, "The Ambassador & The Pope; Pius XII, Jacques Maritain & the Jews", ''Commonweal'', Oct. 22, 2004 * H. Bars, ''Maritain en notre temps'', Paris, 1959. * D. and I. Gallagher, ''The Achievement of Jacques and Raïssa Maritain: A Bibliography, 1906–1961'', NY, 1962. * J. W. Evans, ed., ''Jacques Maritain: The Man and His Achievement'', NY, 1963. * C. A. Fecher, ''The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain'', Westminster, MD, 1963. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://people.stfx.ca/wsweet/etudes.html Études maritainiennes-Maritain Studies] * [http://maritain.web.officelive.com Maritain Center, Kolbsheim] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20080409023315/http://maritain.web.officelive.com/ |date=2008-04-09 }} (in French) * [http://www.maritain.fr Cercle d'Etudes J. & R. Maritain] at Kolbsheim (France). * [http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/ndjmc.htm Jacques Maritain Center] at the [[University of Notre Dame]]. * [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]: [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maritain/ Jacques Maritain] by William Sweet. * [http://www.maritain.org/ International Jacques Maritain Institute.] * [http://www.maritain.org/ricerca/index.php/ Bibliography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maritain.org/ricerca/index.php/ |date=20110216225303 }} of the primary and secondary literatures on Jacques Maritain. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maritain, Jacques}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1882]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1973]] [[Category:Wanafalsafa wa Ufaransa]] [[Category:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] 6m497f8x865cgof1a9zlb2zewllhrtj 1546022 1546021 2026-05-19T08:11:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Maisha yake */ 1546022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Maritain Jacques.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Jacques Maritain]] '''Jacques Maritain''' ([[Paris]], [[18 Novemba]] [[1882]] – [[28 Aprili]] [[1973]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. ==Maisha yake== Kisha kulelewa katika [[Uprotestanti]], aliasi [[dini]] na kuona haiwezekani kujua kama [[Mungu]] yupo kweli. Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[sayansi]] katika [[chuo kikuu]] cha [[Sorbonne]], Paris, alikutana na [[Raïssa Maritain|Raïssa Oumansoff]], [[Myahudi]] kutoka [[Urusi]]. Walipoona [[elimu]] haijibu maswali makuu juu ya [[maana ya maisha]], mwaka [[1901]] walikubaliana kujiua kwa wakati mmoja. Lakini waliepushwa na [[rafiki]] yao aliyewaelekeza kufuata vipindi vya wanafalsafa bora. Mwaka [[1904]] [[ndoa|walioana]] na mwaka [[1906]] waliongokea [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Baada ya hapo wote wawili waliandika sana. Jacques alitunga zaidi ya [[Kitabu|vitabu]] 60, akisaidia kufufua mafundisho ya [[Thomas Aquinas]] na kutunga [[Tamko la kimataifa la haki za binadamu]]. Mwishoni mwa [[Mtaguso wa pili wa Vatikano]], [[Papa Paulo VI]] alimkabidhi yeye "Ujumbe kwa Wanafalsafa na Wanasayansi". Mwaka 1912 pamoja na [[mke]] wake walikuwa wameweka [[nadhiri]] ya kujinyima moja kwa moja [[tendo la ndoa]]. Baada ya kufiwa naye, alikwenda kuishi [[utawa]]ni hadi [[kifo]] chake mwenyewe kilichompata akiwa [[unovisi|mnovisi]]. ==Maandishi yake== ===I. Vitabu vyake muhimu zaidi vilivyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza=== * ''[[The Degrees of Knowledge]]'', orig. 1932 * ''Integral Humanism'', orig. 1936 * ''A Preface to Metaphysics'', engl. 1962 * ''Education at the Crossroads'', engl. 1942 * ''[[The Range of Reason]]'', engl. 1952 * ''[[The Person and the Common Good]]'', fr. 1947 * ''Approaches to God'', fr. 1953 * ''Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry'', engl. 1953 * ''Moral Philosophy'', * ''Introduction to Philosophy'', Christian Classics, Inc., Westminster, MD, 1st. 1930, 1991. * ''Existence and the Existent'', (fr. 1947) trans. by Lewis Galantiere and Gerald B. Phelan, Image Books division of Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, NY, 1948, Image book, 1956. ISBN 978-0-8371-8078-6 * ''Man and The State'', (orig.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ILL, 1951. * ''The Peasant of the Garonne, An Old Layman Questions Himself about the Present Time'', trans. Michael Cuddihy and Elizabeth Hughes, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, NY, 1968; orig. 1966. * ''God and the Permission of Evil'', trans. Joseph W. Evans, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, WI, 1966 (orig. 1963). * ''[[Art and Scholasticism with other essays]]'', Sheed and Ward, [[London]], 1947 ===II. Kwa lugha asili=== * ''La philosophie bergsonienne'', 1914 (1948) * ''Eléments de philosophie'', 2 volumes, Paris 1920/23 * ''Art et scolastique'', 1920 * ''Théonas ou les entretiens d’un sage et de deux philosophes sur diverses matières inégalement actuelles'', Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1921 * ''Antimoderne'', Paris, Édition de la Revue des Jeunes, 1922 * ''Réflexions sur l’intelligence et sur sa vie propre'', Paris, Nouvelle librairie nationale, 1924. * ''Trois réformateurs : [[Martin Luther|Luther]], [[Descartes]], [[Rousseau]], avec six portraits'', Paris [Plon], 1925 * ''Réponse à [[Jean Cocteau]]'', 1926 * ''Une opinion sur [[Charles Maurras]] et le devoir des catholiques'', Paris [Plon], 1926 * ''Primauté du spirituel'', 1927 * ''Pourquoi Rome a parlé'' (coll.), Paris, Spes, 1927 * ''Quelques pages sur Léon Bloy'', Paris 1927 * ''Clairvoyance de Rome'' (coll.), Paris, Spes, 1929 * ''Le docteur angélique'', Paris, Paul Hartmann, 1929 * ''Religion et culture'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1930 (1946) * ''Le thomisme et la civilisation'', 1932 * ''Distinguer pour unir ou Les degrés du savoir'', Paris 1932 * ''Le songe de Descartes, Suivi de quelques essais'', Paris 1932 * ''De la philosophie chrétienne'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1933 * ''Du régime temporel et de la liberté'', Paris, DDB, 1933 * ''Sept leçons sur l'être et les premiers principes de la raison spéculative'', Paris 1934 * ''Frontières de la poésie et autres essais'', Paris 1935 * ''La philosophie de la nature, Essai critique sur ses frontières et son objet'', Paris 1935 (1948) * ''Lettre sur l’indépendance'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1935. * ''Science et sagesse'', Paris 1935 * ''Humanisme intégral. Problèmes temporels et spirituels d'une nouvelle chrétienté''; zunächst spanisch 1935), Paris (Fernand Aubier), 1936 (1947) * ''Les Juifs parmi les nations'', Paris, Cerf, 1938 * ''Questions de conscience : essais et allocutions'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1938 * ''La personne humaine et la societé'', Paris 1939 * ''Le crépuscule de la civilisation'', Paris, Éd. Les Nouvelles Lettres, 1939 * ''Quattre essais sur l'ésprit dans sa crudition charnelle'', Paris 1939 (1956) * ''De la justice politique, Notes sur le présente guerre'', Paris 1940 * ''Scholasticism and politics'', New York 1940 * ''A travers le désastre'', New York 1941 (1946) * ''Conféssion de foi'', New York 1941 * ''Ransoming the time'' (Redeeming the time), New York 1941 * ''La pensée de St.Paul'', New York 1941 (Paris 1947) * ''Les Droits de l'Homme et la Loi naturelle'', New York 1942 (Paris 1947) * ''Saint Thomas and the problem of evil'', Milwaukee 1942; * ''Essays in Thomism'', New York 1942; * ''Christianisme et démocratie'', New York 1943 (Paris 1945) * ''Education at the crossroad'', New Haven 1943 * ''Principes d'une politique humaniste'', New York 1944 (Paris 1945); * ''De Bergson à Thomas d'Aquin, Essais de Métaphysique et de Morale'', New York 1944 (Paris 1947) * ''A travers la victoire'', Paris 1945; * ''Messages 1941-1944'', New York 1945; * ''Pour la justice'', Articles et discours 1940-1945, New York 1945; * ''Le sort de l'homme'', Neuchâtel 1945; * ''Court traité de l'existence et de l'existent'', Paris 1947; * ''La personne et le bien commun'', Paris 1947; * ''Raison et raisons, Essais détachés'', Paris 1948 * ''La signification de l'athéisme contemporain'', Paris 1949 * ''Man and state'', Chicago 1951 * ''Neuf leçons sur les notions premières de la philosophie morale, Paris 1951 * ''Approches de Dieu'', Paris 1953. * ''L'Homme et l'Etat'' (engl.: Man and State, 1951) Paris, PUF, 1953 * ''Creative intuition in Art and Poetry'' (engl.), 1953 * ''On the philosophy of history'', ed. J.W. Evans, New York 1957 * ''Truth and human fellowship'', Princeton 1957 * ''Reflections on America'', New York 1958 * ''Pour une philosophie de l'éducation'', Paris 1959 * ''Le philosophe dans la Cité'', Paris 1960 * ''The responsibility of the artist'', New York 1960; * ''La philosophie morale'', Vol. I: Examen historique et critique des grands systèmes, Paris 1960 * ''Man's approach to God'', Latrobe/Pennsylvania 1960 * ''On the use of philosophy'', Princeton 1961 * ''A preface to metaphysics'', New York 1962 * ''Dieu et la permission du mal'', 1963 * ''Carnet de notes'', Paris, DDB, 1965 * ''L'intuition créatrice dans l'art et dans la poésie'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1966 (engl. 1953) * ''Le paysan de la Garonne. Un vieux laïc s’interroge à propos du temps présent'', Paris, DDB, 1966 * ''Challenges and renewals'', ed. J.W. Evans/L.R. Ward, Notre Dame/Ind. 1966 * ''The education of man, The educational philosophy of J.M.'', ed. D./I. Gallagher, Notre Dame/Ind. 1967 * ''De la grâce et de l'humanité de Jésus'', 1967 * ''De l'Église du Christ. La personne de l'église et son personnel'', Paris 1970 * ''Approches sans entraves'', posthum 1973. * '''Oeuvres complètes de Jacques et Raïssa Maritain''', 16 Bde., 1982-1999. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * G. B. Phelan, ''Jacques Maritain'', NY, 1937. * J.W. Evans in ''Catholic Encyclopaedia'' Vol XVI Supplement 1967–1974. * Michael R. Marrus, "The Ambassador & The Pope; Pius XII, Jacques Maritain & the Jews", ''Commonweal'', Oct. 22, 2004 * H. Bars, ''Maritain en notre temps'', Paris, 1959. * D. and I. Gallagher, ''The Achievement of Jacques and Raïssa Maritain: A Bibliography, 1906–1961'', NY, 1962. * J. W. Evans, ed., ''Jacques Maritain: The Man and His Achievement'', NY, 1963. * C. A. Fecher, ''The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain'', Westminster, MD, 1963. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://people.stfx.ca/wsweet/etudes.html Études maritainiennes-Maritain Studies] * [http://maritain.web.officelive.com Maritain Center, Kolbsheim] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20080409023315/http://maritain.web.officelive.com/ |date=2008-04-09 }} (in French) * [http://www.maritain.fr Cercle d'Etudes J. & R. Maritain] at Kolbsheim (France). * [http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/ndjmc.htm Jacques Maritain Center] at the [[University of Notre Dame]]. * [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]: [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/maritain/ Jacques Maritain] by William Sweet. * [http://www.maritain.org/ International Jacques Maritain Institute.] * [http://www.maritain.org/ricerca/index.php/ Bibliography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maritain.org/ricerca/index.php/ |date=20110216225303 }} of the primary and secondary literatures on Jacques Maritain. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maritain, Jacques}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1882]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1973]] [[Category:Wanafalsafa wa Ufaransa]] [[Category:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] 7e2ul97pwlcixu4qrmujhzygdqjliop 0 76941 1545986 1500338 2026-05-19T06:57:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Flag of FIFA.svg|250px|thumbnail|Bendera ya FIFA.]] '''Shirikisho la Soka Duniani''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] Fédération Internationale de Football Association, kifupi '''FIFA''') ni shirika linalosimamia mambo ya [[mpira wa miguu]], [[futsal]] na [[Soka la ufukweni|soka ya ufukweni]]. [[Makao makuu]] yake yapo [[Zurich]], [[Uswisi]], na rais ni Gianni Infantino, ambaye alichaguliwa mwaka 2016. FIFA hilo lilianzishwa huko [[Paris]] mnamo [[1904]] na nasimamia mashindano ya kimataifa, hasa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]] (kama mashindano ya pekee kwa [[wanaume]] na [[wanawake]]), michuano mingine ya dunia katika kategoria zao tofauti, matawi na tofauti za michezo, na Mashindano ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] kwa usawa na [[Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Olimpiki]] (IOC). Pia, ni sehemu ya Bodi ya Shirikisho la Soka la Kimataifa (IFAB), chombo kinachohusika na kurekebisha sheria za mchezo. Utendaji wa FIFA ulipata mafanikio haraka, na kuchangia kwa dhati kuinua kandanda hadi hadhi ya mchezo maarufu zaidi ulimwenguni. FIFA inaleta pamoja vyama au mashirikisho ya soka 211 kutoka nchi mbalimbali, na nchi 17 washirika zaidi kuliko [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], tatu chini ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Shirikisho la Riadha na mbili chini ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Mpira wa Kikapu. Hivi sasa, FIFA inaendelea kuwa chombo cha juu zaidi kinachosimamia soka ya dunia na mashindano yake, ikijumuisha mashirikisho mbalimbali ya kikanda: AFC ya [[Asia]], [[CAF]] ya [[Afrika]], CONCACAF ya [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] na [[Amerika ya Kati|Kati na Karibiani]], [[CONMEBOL]] kutoka [[Amerika ya Kusini]], OFC kutoka [[Australia na Pasifiki|Oceania]] na [[UEFA]] kutoka [[Ulaya]]. == Historia == Wazo la kuunda shirikisho la soka la kimataifa liliibuka na kufanyika kwa mechi za kwanza za soka za kimataifa mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]]. Mnamo [[1 Mei]] [[1904]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Ufaransa]] zilikabiliana katika mechi yao ya kwanza ya kimataifa. [[Uingereza]] tayari ilikuwa na chama chake cha soka (Chama cha Soka) tangu [[1863]], ambacho kilidhibiti mashindano ya mchezo huu katika ardhi za Kiingereza, na haikukubali kushiriki katika uanzishwaji wa shirikisho la kimataifa. Lakini [[21 Mei]] [[1904]], FIFA ilizaliwa, ambayo rais wake wa kwanza alikuwa Mfaransa Robert Guérin. Mnamo [[14 Aprili]] [[1905]], mafanikio ya FIFA yalianza kuonekana, baada ya kuingia kwa Waingereza, baada ya kupitishwa na Kamati ya Utendaji ya Chama cha Soka. Mnamo 1906 tayari ilifikiriwa kuandaa mashindano makubwa ya kimataifa. Kwa hivyo, miaka miwili baadaye, mnamo 1908, mashindano ya kwanza ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] yalifanyika, kama sehemu ya programu ya Olimpiki ya [[London]], ambayo ilishinda na Uingereza. [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]] la kwanza lililoandaliwa na FIFA lilifanyika [[Uruguay]] mnamo [[1930]], na timu 13 za kitaifa zilishiriki. Tangu miaka kadhaa mpira wa miguu imepata uzito wa kiuchumi zaidi kutokana na matumizi ya mashindano makubwa kama nafasi ya kutangaza biashara na bidhaa. FIFA ilikuwa na mapato ya bilioni dolar 5.718 katika miaka 2011 hadi 2014 hasa kwa njia ya kuuza haki za matangazo na milioni 338 zilibaki kama faida. Asiimia 70 ya faida inatakiwa kugawiwa kwa mashirikisho wanachama. Uhakiki unahusu hata matumizi ya fedha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.sportssun.com/index.php/sid/223159751 |title=Report claims FIFA bosses secretly doubled their salaries Sports Sun Monday 23rd June, 2014 |accessdate=2015-05-27 |archive-date=2015-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507184524/http://www.sportssun.com/index.php/sid/223159751 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, hali ya FIFA kulipa kodi ndogo mno huko Uswisi, undugu kati ya viongozi wa ngazi ya juu, na mashtaki ya rushwa<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8581704/Fifa-honourary-president-Joao-Havelange-faces-IOC-inquiry.html Fifa honourary president Joao Havelange faces IOC inquiry (Rais wa zamani wa FIFA alipatikana kwa rushwa), Telegraph 17 Jun 2011]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014|title=Dave Zirin: Abolish FIFA Sports journalist Dave Zirin says bribery and corruption are endemic to FIFA, and discusses what could take its place in the world of soccer - June 17, 2014 , The REal News.com|accessdate=2015-05-27|archivedate=2015-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702183157/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014}}</ref>. Imedaiwa ya kwamba azimio la kupeleka Kombe la Dunia huko Urusi na Qatar lilitolewa na wanachama wa Kamati Kuu waliopokea rushwa.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11869322 Tim Franks: Panorama: Three Fifa World Cup officials “took bribes”, BBC News, 15 Juni 2011. ]</ref> Tarehe 27 Mei 2015 polisi ya Uswisi ilikamata maafisa 7 wa FIFA, kati yao makamu 2 wa rais Blatter, katika hoteli ya mjini Zurich walipokusanyika kwa mkutano wa Kamati Kuu. <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-arrested-on-corruption-charges-blatter-isnt-among-them.html?gwh=FA45DC1F77DF05C18FF2DCAB5314A89E&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now FIFA officials arrested on corruption charges, Blatter isnt among them NYT 28 Mei 2015]</ref> Polisi ilitekeleza hati ya kifungo ya tarehe 21 Mei 2015 kutoka Ofisi ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani aliyeamua kuwashtaki kwa udanganyifu, ulanguzi na kuficha fedha zisizo halali. Mashtaki yalifunguliwa rasmi dhidi ya maafisa 9 wa FIFA, mameneja 4 wa makampuni ya kuuzia huduma na vifaa vya michezo na mfanya biashara mmoja.<ref>[http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/nine-fifa-officials-and-five-corporate-executives-indicted-racketeering-conspiracy-and Nine FIFA Officials and Five Corporate Executives Indicted for Racketeering Conspiracy and Corruption, Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs Release May 27, 2015] </ref> ==Muundo== FIFA inaundwa na mashirikisho ya kitaifa ambayo ni wanachama wa mashirikisho sita ya kibara ambayo ni: * Asian Football Confederation (AFC), ilianzishwa 1954 * Confédération Africaine de Football ([[CAF]]), ilianzishwa 1957 * Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ([[CONMEBOL]]), ilianzishwa 1916 * Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), ilianzishwa 1961 (watangulizi tangu 1938 na 1946) * Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), ilianzishwa 1966 * Union of European Football Organizations ([[UEFA]]), ilianzishwa 1954 Nchi kadhaa ni wanachama nje ya bara lao: [[Guyana]] na [[Surinam]] ziko CONCACAF, nchi katika [[Asia]] ni wanachama wa UEFA ([[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia]], [[Kupri]] na [[Israeli]]), pia nchi zenye maeneo katika Ulaya na Asia kama [[Uturuki]], [[Urusi]] na [[Kazakhstan]]. [[Australia]] iliondoka mwaka 2006 kenye OFC ikaingia katika AFC kwa shabaha ya kupata wapinzani wenye uwezo zaidi. == Rais == Gianni Infantino wa Italia, aliyechaguliwa mwaka wa 2016, akawa rais wa tisa katika historia ya FIFA. Kabla yake, Mswizi Joseph Blatter (1998-2016), Mbrazili João Havelange (1974-1998), Mwingereza Stanley Rous (1961-1974) na Arthur Drewry (1955-1961), Mbelgiji Rodolphe William Seeldrayers (1954) - 1955), Mfaransa Jules Rimet (1921-1954), Mwingereza Daniel Woolfall (1906-1918) na Mfaransa Robert Guérin, wa kwanza kufanya kazi hiyo, kati ya 1904 na 1906. == Mashindano ya FIFA == === Timu za Taifa === '''Ya wanaume''' * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] * Mashindano ya Soka ya Olimpiki ya Wanaume (U-23) * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA U-20 * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA U-17 * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA Futsal * Mashindano ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Olimpiki ya Vijana (U-20) * Kombe la Dunia la Soka la Ufukweni la FIFA * Kombe la Kiarabu la FIFA (timu za juu za UAFA za ulimwengu wa Kiarabu) '''Wanawake''' * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake * Mashindano ya Soka ya Olimpiki ya Wanawake * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake U-20 * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake U-17 * Mashindano ya Futsal ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Wanawake (U-20) === Timu za vilabu === '''Ya wanaume''' * [[Kombe la Dunia la Klabu ya FIFA]] * Kombe la FIFA la Vijana === Mashindano ya zamani === * Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA ==Utawala== Mabaraza tawala ni Mkutano Mkuu na Kamati ya Utendaji chini ya raisi aliye mwenyekiti. Taasisi nyingine ni: *Kamati mbalimbali *Shirikisho za kibara *Shirikisho za Kitaifa *Ofisi Kuu *Kamati ya nidhamu ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Kujisomea== * Andrew Jennings: FOUL! The Secret World of FIFA: Bribes, Vote-Rigging and Ticket Scandals. HarperSport, 2006, ISBN 978-0-00-720811-1. * Paul Darby, ''Africa, Football and Fifa: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance'' (Sport in the Global Society), Frank Cass Publishers 2002, ISBN 0-7146-8029-X. * John Sugden, ''FIFA and the Contest For World Football'', Polity Press 1998, ISBN 0-7456-1661-5. * Jim Trecker, Charles Miers, J. Brett Whitesell, ed., ''Women's Soccer: The Game and the Fifa World Cup'', Universe 2000, Revised Edition, ISBN 0-7893-0527-5. ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|FIFA World Cup}} * [http://www.fifa.com/ Official website] {{En icon}} {{Fr icon}} {{De icon}} {{Es icon}} {{Pt icon}} {{Ar icon}} * [http://www.transparencyinsport.org/Did_Blatter's_Mob_friends_fix_2018_for_Russia/PDF-documents/(6)fifas-dirty-secrets-script.pdf BBC's Panorama, Fifa's Dirty secrets, transcript] {{Wayback|url=http://www.transparencyinsport.org/Did_Blatter%27s_Mob_friends_fix_2018_for_Russia/PDF-documents/%286%29fifas-dirty-secrets-script.pdf |date=20140629064932 }} * [http://www.playthegame.org/knowledge-bank/articles/a-question-to-president-blatter-about-bribes-886.html Document on alleged FIFA corruption] {{Wayback|url=http://www.playthegame.org/knowledge-bank/articles/a-question-to-president-blatter-about-bribes-886.html |date=20130530021415 }} * [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html FIFA Laws of the Game] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html |date=20070901044035 }} * https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Africa+FIFA+Clubs * https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Africa+Mashariki+FIFA+Clubs {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:FIFA|*]] jf83vbpkn3ho1r330bnovcnsg1041t3 3 89634 1545771 1543275 2026-05-18T20:22:08Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-21 */ mjadala mpya 1545771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Board+of+Trustees&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This page contains outdated information. Please assist in updating the page to prevent confusion.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:48, 19 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Fundraising/Translation == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Fundraising/Translation|Fundraising/Translation]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising%2FTranslation&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:11, 25 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2024%2FAnnouncement+%E2%80%93+results&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-17. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:16, 10 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Community+Affairs+Committee%2FProcedure+for+Sibling+Project+Lifecycle%2FInvitation+for+feedback+%28MM%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-22. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:38, 21 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Board+of+Trustees&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:15, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Movement Charter draft == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Movement Charter draft|Template:Movement Charter draft]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AMovement+Charter+draft&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-06-11. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:41, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> : done '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:30, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Translation notification: Movement Charter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Movement+Charter&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:31, 12 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal|Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+LGBT%2B%2FPortal&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:03, 30 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+elections%2F2024%2FVoter+eligibility+guidelines&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:43, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Strategy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Strategy|Strategy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Strategy&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:27, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Shortcut == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Shortcut|Meta:Shortcut]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AShortcut&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:31, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:12, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:User groups == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:User groups|Template:User groups]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AUser+groups&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> lqmukszm5s0rxsbis749cp97dyeuswd 1 114810 1546052 1409519 2026-05-19T08:54:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Kuma]] hadi [[Majadiliano:Uke]] 1409519 wikitext text/x-wiki == Badiliko la picha == Chicharito. Ninaona badiliko la picha saa hii tu. Kwa nini unasisitiza kuibadilisha? Una tatizo la maadili kuona picha ya kuma? Kama ni hivyo kwa nini hukubadilisha picha ya [[mboo]]? Ama hujali kuona hii? Angalau ungaliweka maelezo chini ya mchoro wa kuma. Nilirudisha picha. '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2019 (UTC) :Sijui tofauti za hizo picha, lakini nilishangaa kuona makala hii kushika nafasi ya pili kati ya kurasa zote za mwezi mzima! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:54, 22 Julai 2019 (UTC) ::Hadi sasa inanishangaza kuwapo katika nafasi ya tatu. Ngoja niiboreshe. Hata kama nitaichukia, haina maana kuacha kuboresha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:37, 12 Januari 2025 (UTC) 2fvhdfogk25fxs0e2hfrmudc2x481ri 0 143268 1546019 1314624 2026-05-19T08:09:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mkalama]] hadi [[Mkalama (Gairo)]] 1314624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mkalama''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Gairo]], [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 12,532 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Gairo}} {{mbegu-jio-morogoro}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Gairo]] [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Morogoro]] mnejfv028fn0lqi445nyymj0pqdh4o2 0 146870 1545862 1544414 2026-05-19T01:18:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Tumaini Makumira''' ('''TUMa''') ni [[tawi]] kongwe zaidi na makao makuu ya vyuo vikuu vishiriki vya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tumaini]]Makumira,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tcu.go.tz/images/pdf/Recognised_Universities_Colleges_Centres.pdf |title= Register of Universities |format= PDF |publisher= [[Tanzania Commission for Universities]] |access-date= 15 July 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113511/http://www.tcu.go.tz/images/pdf/Recognised_Universities_Colleges_Centres.pdf |archive-date= 24 September 2015 |df= |accessdate= 2022-02-28 |archivedate= 2015-09-24 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113511/http://www.tcu.go.tz/images/pdf/Recognised_Universities_Colleges_Centres.pdf }}</ref> kilichopo katika mji mdogo wa Makumira, katika Kata ya Poli, Mkoa wa [[Arusha]], [[Tanzania]]. Nafasi yake katika mwaka 2017 kwenye [[Webometrics Ranking of World Universities|Webometric]] ya [[Chuo Kikuu|Vyuo Vikuu]] vya Dunia kwa Tanzania ni nafasi ya 21.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webometrics.info/en/africa/tanzania,%20united%20republic%20of |title=Tanzania, United Republic of &#124; Ranking Web of Universities |publisher=Webometrics.info |date=January 2017 |accessdate=2017-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://makumira.ac.tz|title= Makumira University}}</ref> ==Matawi ya Chuo== Chuo Kikuu kina Wawakilishi watano na vituo vya mafunzo:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elct.org/tumaini.html |title=Evangelical Luthern Church in Tanzania – Tumaini University |publisher=ELCT |accessdate=2017-04-09}}</ref> # [http://www.kcmuco.ac.tz Chuo Kikuu cha Tiba Kilimanjaro (KCMUCo)]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # [http://www.tudarco.ac.tz/index.php Chuo kikuu cha Tumaini Dar es Salaam (TUDARCo)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tudarco.ac.tz/index.php |date=20210814155742 }} # [http://www.smmuco.ac.tz Chuo Kikuu cha Kumbukumbu ya Stephano Moshi (SMMUCo)] # [http://www.jokuco.ac.tz Chuo kikuu cha Josiah Kibira (JoKUCo)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jokuco.ac.tz/ |date=20210507191154 }} Kilizinduliwa Januari 2013 # TUMA-Mbeya Centre ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Elimu ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Arusha]] [[Jamii:WikiVibrance_Tanzania]] 976qn8ftp8qio5yabekswh2b7qbucqo 0 150085 1546063 1545463 2026-05-19T09:03:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/あいんへりやる|あいんへりやる]] ([[User talk:あいんへりやる|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 1525444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuzo ya Herbert von Karajan''' iliundwa na Eliette von Karajan mnamo mwaka [[2015]] na ilitolewa kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo mwaka [[2017]] ndani ya fremu ya Tamasha la [[Pasaka]] la [[Salzburg]]. Zawadi hiyo imeandaliwa ya [[Euro]] €50,000 na hutolewa na Eliette von Karajan kila mwaka. == Wapokeaji == * [[2017]] Daniil Trifonov<ref name="Trifonov">{{cite news|last=Kainberger|first=Hedwig|date=15 April 2017|title=Osterfestspiele: Eliette von Karajan ehrt jungen Russen|url=https://www.sn.at/osterfestspiele-salzburg/osterfestspiele-eliette-von-karajan-ehrt-jungen-russen-7601485|work=[[Salzburger Nachrichten]]|language=de|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kriechbaum|first=Reinhard|date=12 April 2017|title=Der Virtuos bei seiner Capell|url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/themen_channel/musik/klassik_oper/885359_Der-Virtuos-bei-seiner-Capell.html|work=[[Wiener Zeitung]]|location=Vienna|language=de|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> * [[2018]] Sol Gabetta<ref>{{cite news|last=Harb|first=Karl|date=28 March 2018|title=Sol Gabetta – Preisträgerin bedankt sich poesievoll|url=https://www.sn.at/osterfestspiele-salzburg/sol-gabetta-preistraegerin-bedankt-sich-poesievoll-25941799|work=[[Salzburger Nachrichten]]|language=de|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> * [[2019]] Mariss Jansons<ref name="Jansons">{{cite web|date=25 March 2019|title=Mariss Jansons to receive the 2019 Herbert von Karajan Prize|url=https://www.pizzicato.lu/mariss-jansons-to-receive-the-2019-herbert-von-karajan-prize/|work=[[Pizzicato (magazine)|Pizzicato]]|location=Luxembourg|access-date=7 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Kronberg Academy">{{cite web|title=Kronberg Academy: Janine Jansen|website=Kronberg Academy|url=https://www.kronbergacademy.de/kuenstler/person/janine-jansen|language=de|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310115250/https://www.kronbergacademy.de/kuenstler/person/janine-jansen|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[2021]] Hilary Hahn<ref name="IMG Artists 2021">{{cite web|title=Hilary Hahn Wins 2021 Herbert von Karajan Award|website=IMG Artists|date=1 November 2021|url=https://imgartists.com/news/hilary-hahn-wins-2021-herbert-von-karajan-award/|access-date=8 June 2022|archive-date=2022-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520034637/https://imgartists.com/news/hilary-hahn-wins-2021-herbert-von-karajan-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2022: Staatskapelle Dresden<ref name="Trapp 2019">{{cite web|last=Trapp|first=Mathis|title=Dresdner Staatskapelle erhält Karajan-Preis|website=[[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]]|date=10 April 2019|url=https://www1.wdr.de/kultur/kulturnachrichten/karajan-preis-saechsische-staatskapelle-100.html|language=de|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> * 2023: Alexander Köpeczi (besi), Michael Loehr [de] (dansi), Oscar *Jockel [de] (kondakta)<ref name="Salzburg Easter Festival 2023 n905">{{cite web|title=Herbert-von Karajan-Prize 2023: Meet the Laureates|website=Salzburg Easter Festival|date=18 July 2023|url=https://osterfestspiele.at/en/herbert-von-karajan-preis-2023-die-preistr%C3%A4ger|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> * 2024: Lise Davidsen (soprano), Eve-Maud Hubeaux [fr] (mezzo-soprano), na Masabane Cecilia Rangwanasha (soprano)<ref name="Salzburg Easter Festival">{{cite web|title=Herbert-von Karajan-Award 2024: Meet the Laureates|website=Salzburg Easter Festival|date=21 November 2024|url=https://osterfestspiele.at/en/herbert-von-karajan-preis-2023-die-preistr%C3%A4ger-2|access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="r990">{{cite web|last=Salazar|first=Francisco|title=Lise Davidsen, Masabane Cecilia Rangwanasha & Eve-Maud Hubeaux Win Herbert von Karajan Prize|website=OperaWire|date=19 March 2024|url=https://operawire.com/lise-davidsen-masabane-cecilia-rangwanasha-eve-maud-hubeaux-win-herbert-von-karajan-prize/|access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref> * 2025: Nadezhda Karyazina (mezzo-soprano), Maxim Emelyanychev (kondakta)<ref name="l071">{{cite web|title=Herbert-von Karajan-Preis 2025: die Preisträger|website=Osterfestspiele Salzburg|date=11 November 2025|url=https://osterfestspiele.at/herbert-von-karajan-preis-2025|language=de|access-date=13 November 2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Tuzo]] fh1p8wif4l9gcrqaut2izo9w021g8ks 0 180706 1545983 1512023 2026-05-19T06:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evelyne Nakiyingi''' (alizaliwa [[Novemba 2]], [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa wanawake kutoka nchini [[Uganda]] anayecheza kama mlinzi (guard) kwa klabu ya JKL Dolphins na [[timu ya taifa]] ya wanawake ya mpira wa kikapu ya Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Evelyne Nakiyingi, Basketball Player, News, Stats|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|access-date=2024-04-14|website=Eurobasket}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Evelyne Nakiyingi|url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/56a3f324-ee8a-42ad-bc3a-65eecdca4500|access-date=2024-04-14|website=play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> == Historia ya taaluma == Nakiyingi alikuwa kwenye kikosi cha JKL Dolphins kilichoshiriki kwenye mchujo wa ligi ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanawake ya FIBA Africa. Aliwakilisha Uganda kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023 alipoitwa kwenye mchujo wa FIBA Afrobasketball-qualifiers.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Evelyne Nakiyingi - Player Profile|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/225799/Evelyne-Nakiyingi|access-date=2024-04-14|website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha mwisho cha Gazelles kinachowakilisha Uganda wakati wa Afrobasket ya wanawake ya mwaka 2023 huko Kigali, Rwanda, ambayo ilifanyika kuanzia Julai 28 hadi Agosti 6, 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Kawalya|first=Brian|date=2023-07-25|title=Evelyn Nakiyingi Wants To Make Her Minutes Count|url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/07/25/evelyn-nakiyingi-wants-to-make-her-minutes-count/|access-date=2024-04-14|website=Live from ground|archive-date=2024-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419001917/https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/07/25/evelyn-nakiyingi-wants-to-make-her-minutes-count/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2023-06-22|title=GAZELLES: 19 Called for AFROBASKET 2023 Preps|url=https://chimpreports.com/gazelles-19-called-for-afrobasket-2023-preps/|access-date=2024-04-14|website=ChimpReports}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kiafrika kwenye Wikipedia]] 58xt7l3kg8ezsfl16qqzkkq3uuwmenh 0 186161 1545822 1446216 2026-05-18T23:42:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cherif Al-Hassane Aidara''' (Timbédra, Mauritania, [[1917]]; Darou Hidjiratou, Senegal, Desemba [[2011]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa kidini wa Kisufi kutoka Mauritania na Senegal, aliyehusishwa na Tariqa ya Tijaniya. == Wasifu == Cherif Al-Hassane Aidara alihamia [[Senegal]] kutoka Mauritania mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1930]]. Alipowasili Senegal, alipokewa na Thierno Siirajaddine Mohamed Said Ba wa Medina Gounass na mkuu wa kabila lake Seydou Diao. Hatimaye, alimuoa [[binti]] wa mkuu wa kabila, Maimouna Diao.<ref>Elhadji Lonka Sabaly. [http://www.dental.sn/index.php?lien=4&id_mil=384&titre=%20%20%20%20%20Ziarra%20Annuelle%20d%27Elhadji%20Thierno%20Tidiane%20Sadigui%20Diallo%20de%20Kounkan%E9%20:%20Un%20CLD%20pr%E9paratoire%20pour%20%20la%205%E9%20Edition Ziarra Annuelle d'Elhadji Thierno Tidiane Sadigui Diallo de Kounkané : Un CLD préparatoire pour la 5é Edition] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dental.sn/index.php?lien=4&id_mil=384&titre=%20%20%20%20%20Ziarra%20Annuelle%20d%27Elhadji%20Thierno%20Tidiane%20Sadigui%20Diallo%20de%20Kounkan%E9%20:%20Un%20CLD%20pr%E9paratoire%20pour%20%20la%205%E9%20Edition |date=20230106172159 }}. ''Le Dental''.</ref><ref>[https://www.laviesenegalaise.com/tag/cherif-alhassane-aidara Chérif Al-Hassane Aïdara]. ''La Vie Sénégalaise''.</ref><ref>[https://www.setal.net/Velingara-Ziarra-Annuelle-du-Guide-Religieux-Elhadji-Thierno-Tidiane-Sadigui-Diallo-de-Kounkane-Un-CLD-preparatoire-pour_a53179.html Vélingara : Ziarra Annuelle du Guide Réligieux Elhadji Thierno Tidiane Sadigui Diallo de Kounkané Un CLD préparatoire pour commémorer la 5é Edition]. ''Setal.net''.</ref> Aliishi katika kijiji chake cha Darou Hidjiratou na alizikwa huko Desemba [[2011]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://senenet.net/index.php/2019/05/07/sortie-du-maire-de-bonkontou-les-precisions-de-cherif-habibou-aidara/ |title=SORTIE DU MAIRE DE BONKONTOU : Les précisions de Chérif Habibou Aïdara |access-date=Feb 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221153226/http://senenet.net/index.php/2019/05/07/sortie-du-maire-de-bonkontou-les-precisions-de-cherif-habibou-aidara/ |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Msikiti]] Mkuu wa Al Hassanayni wa Darou Hidjiratou ulijengwa na [[Taasisi]] ya Kimataifa ya Mozdahir (IMI) na [[rais]] wake Cherif Mohamed Aly Aidara. Msikiti huo ulipewa [[jina]] kwa heshima ya Cherif Al-Hassane Aidara na babu yake Imam Al Hassane Al Mojtaba ibn Ali, mjukuu wa Mtume Muhammad na Imam wa pili kati ya Imamu Kumi na Wawili katika [[Uislamu]] wa Kishia wa Twelver. <ref>[https://www.seneweb.com/blogs/chiitesenegal/inauguration-une-nouvelle-mosquee-a-velingara-al-hassanayni-de-daroul-hijratou-voit-le-jour_b_18.html Inauguration une nouvelle Mosquée à Vélingara Al-Hassanayni de Daroul Hijratou voit le jour] {{Wayback|url=https://www.seneweb.com/blogs/chiitesenegal/inauguration-une-nouvelle-mosquee-a-velingara-al-hassanayni-de-daroul-hijratou-voit-le-jour_b_18.html |date=20200412002234 }}. ''Seneweb''.</ref><ref>[https://news.sen360.sn/news/amp/478713 Inaugurantion d'une mosquée construite par l'Institut Mozdahir International : Le khalife de Médina Gounass bénit les actions de l'Ong chiite]. ''Sen360''. 2016-04-27.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] [[Jamii:watu wa Mauritania]] [[Jamii:watu wa Senegal]] crwb1mqijf43i7yvef0s0w7q8fv3k3u 4 208508 1545593 1545518 2026-05-18T12:55:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1545593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-18) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-18)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 604 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3144 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1860 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 521 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 387 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 705 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 764 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 1646 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 33758 || ↑ +28.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 9.5 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 195.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3233 || ↑ +15.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1067 || ↓ -16.4% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 780 || ↓ -40.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 742 || ↑ +29.3% |- | 5 || [[Uingereza]] || 630 || ↑ +42.2% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 627 || ↑ +8.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 541 || ↑ +8.6% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 535 || ↑ +41.2% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 477 || ↑ +78.7% |- | 10 || [[Uturuki]] || 458 || ↓ -3.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 768 || 46.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 23.9% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 134 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 82 || 5.0% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} l5ko0kgkboho5fozi0d1qdhf3449mm8 1545789 1545593 2026-05-18T21:58:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1545789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-18) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-18)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 604 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3144 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1860 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 521 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 933 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 764 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 1646 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 33758 || ↑ +28.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 9.5 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 195.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3233 || ↑ +15.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1067 || ↓ -16.4% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 780 || ↓ -40.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 742 || ↑ +29.3% |- | 5 || [[Uingereza]] || 630 || ↑ +42.2% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 627 || ↑ +8.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 541 || ↑ +8.6% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 535 || ↑ +41.2% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 477 || ↑ +78.7% |- | 10 || [[Uturuki]] || 458 || ↓ -3.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 768 || 46.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 23.9% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 134 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 82 || 5.0% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} pn2c3x9xg1cq2xlpslzim8whaf66ce4 1545909 1545789 2026-05-19T04:47:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1545909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-18) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-18)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 604 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3144 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1860 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 521 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 933 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 764 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 10208 || ↑ +1.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 59.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 439 || ↓ -9.3% |- | 6 || [[Vatikani]] || 350 || ↑ +8.0% |- | 7 || [[Israeli]] || 317 || ↓ -59.8% |- | 8 || [[Hispania]] || 280 || ↑ +43.6% |- | 9 || [[Nigeria]] || 252 || ↑ +7.7% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 245 || ↑ +33.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} 0nrg7jhuspdpt22iwlu0wxglm7qhqo5 1545910 1545909 2026-05-19T04:49:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1545910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-18) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-18)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 604 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3144 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1860 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 521 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 933 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 764 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20153 || ↑ +3.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 5 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 8 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- | 9 || [[Uturuki]] || 439 || ↓ -9.3% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 424 || ↓ -8.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} e6a6l5td9eeszp71sbzfmhugpv5cilx 1545912 1545910 2026-05-19T04:54:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1545912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-18) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-18)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 604 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3144 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1860 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 521 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 933 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 764 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30376 || ↑ +7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 175.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} n5tzm5jc010pjo7x2ycetvdb66rdpvr 1545916 1545912 2026-05-19T04:56:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1545916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 57 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 29 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 503 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.28 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30376 || ↑ +7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 175.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} ofxs3vmrxgifu7ibz62so0rocdppsqc 1546006 1545916 2026-05-19T07:34:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1546006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 503 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30376 || ↑ +7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 175.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} jl9do9189g5ol55rmk2rhbm2hsm5hl3 1546007 1546006 2026-05-19T07:37:59Z Gayle157 73366 1546007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 503 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34902 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30376 || ↑ +7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 175.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 891 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} e4ebu0ymdxfo6u5i3zx8pi26dj2wqfs 1546009 1546007 2026-05-19T07:40:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1546009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 503 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34912 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 32459 || ↑ +11.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 187.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1153 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 503 || ↑ +19.5% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.4% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 131 || 8.1% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} t5wkgr6sd3z8d2rfbeqipsi973iboqy 1546199 1546009 2026-05-19T11:44:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1546199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 503 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34917 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 32405 || ↑ +11.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 187.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1153 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 520 || ↑ +23.5% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.5% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} hrjvz7pmac3wdgqweey2ar47741ipgl 1546201 1546199 2026-05-19T11:46:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1546201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 753 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3107 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1109 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2079 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 520 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1153 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 716 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 865 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 472 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 458 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34917 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 32405 || ↑ +11.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 187.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3107 || ↑ +9.4% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1153 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1049 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 865 || ↑ +88.5% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 753 || ↑ +30.7% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 659 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 520 || ↑ +23.5% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 519 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 475 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 472 || ↑ +71.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 728 || 45.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.5% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 87 || 5.4% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} ntjkgumzr1a3it0l2llaulj9fhpvp1z 0 219795 1545787 1506763 2026-05-18T21:47:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi = |jina = Bodo |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |jina la kuzaliwa = Camille-Pierre Pambu Bodo |alizaliwa = 1953 |alikufa = March 5, 2015 |nchi = |kazi yake = Mchoraji na Mchungaji |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }} '''Camille-Pierre Pambu Bodo''' (anajulikana kama '''Bodo'''; [[1953]] – 5 Machi [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mchungaji]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Aliishi mjini [[Kinshasa]]. Bodo alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi na watetezi wakuu wa Shule ya Zaire ya Uchoraji wa Kisasa. Kazi zake, pamoja na zile za wasanii wengine zinaonyesha kwa nguvu imani yao katika uwezo wao wa kuunda sanaa inayoweza kubadilisha historia.<ref name="Magnin">{{cite book |last1=Magnin |first1=André |title=African Art Now: Masterpieces from the Jean Pigozzi Collection |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780890902950 |date=2005 |publisher=Merrell |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780890902950/page/70 70]}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Bodo alizaliwa mwaka 1953 na kulelewa mjini [[Mandu]]. Alimaliza elimu yake ya sekondari huko Mandu mwaka 1970 na kuhamia [[Kinshasa]] mwaka huohuo ili kushiriki katika maonyesho ya kihistoria ya Art Partout. Mwaka 1980 Bodo aliokoka na kuwa [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] akawa mchungaji wa Uinjilisti wa kimataifa ndani ya [[Wapentekoste|Kanisa la Kipentekoste]] akiwa na usadiki kuwa jambo hilo lingebadilisha maisha yake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Untitled, 2013|url=https://paddle8.com/work/pierre-camille-bodo-pambu/32571-untitled|website=Paddle8|accessdate=6 November 2014|archive-date=2025-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422014747/https://paddle8.com/work/pierre-camille-bodo-pambu/32571-untitled|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Grive|first1=Mary|title=Non-Western Part 2|url=http://marygrieve.wordpress.com/|website=Mary Grive Art F200X|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|2015}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Error, Fix, and Contribute Campaign 2025-26 in Tanzania]] 806nsvgnfzwx5s1gsvto7xpnfsy4rpt 0 225040 1545990 1539751 2026-05-19T07:08:58Z Rei Momo 16685 1545990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Elena Cazzulani convention 70s.jpg|thumb|220px|Elena Cazzulani, 1970s.]] '''Elena Cazzulani''' (maarufu kwa [[Kifupi|kifupisho]] '''Ena'''; [[Lodi (Lombardia)|Lodi]], [[20 Desemba]] [[1920]] - [[Vigevano]], [[17 Oktoba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Italia]]. Kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 klabu yake kuhusu [[fasihi]] ilikuwa muhimu kwa mji wa Lodi na [[Lombardia]] kwa jumla. Aliandika [[Biografia|wasifu]] wa [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] maarufu kadhaa wa Lodi. [[Image:Lodi collegio Cazzulani.JPG|Right|thumb|280px|Collegio «Cazzulani», Lodi.]] [[Image:Elena Cazzulani.jpg|Right|thumb|280px|Elena Cazzulani.]] [[Familia]] yake imeunda ''Collegio Cazzulani''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |title=C'era una volta il Collegio |publisher=istitutocazzulani.gov.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827175601/http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2014 [[manispaa]] ya Lodi imeita kwa jina lake barabara moja ya mji huo. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5907 |title=Intitolate tre nuove vie in zona Codignola |author=Comune di Lodi |date=24 December 2014 |publisher=comune.lodi.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilcittadino.it/stories/cultura/lodi-omaggia-sue-figlie-migliori-o_11080_96/ |title=Lodi omaggia le sue figlie migliori |author=Fabio Ravera |date=15 October 2012 |publisher=ilcittadino.it |accessdate=25 February 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref> ==Vitabu vyake== * 1982: ''Cristina di Belgioioso'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1983: ''Il muro sul ponte'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1984: ''Giuseppina Strepponi, biografia'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1985: pamoja na Gilberto Coletto: ''Francesco de Lemene. Poesia e teatro'', Ed. del Campus, Lodi * 1988: ''Il collegio Cazzulani'', Edizioni Lodigraf, Lodi * 1989: ''Maria Hadfield Cosway. Biografia, diari e scritti della fondatrice del collegio delle Dame Inglesi in Lodi'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1991: ''Il viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1992: ''Carlotta Ferrari da Lodi. Poetessa e musicista'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1993: ''Ritorno al viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L'Immagine, Lodi * 1996: ''Il cielo comincia dal suolo'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi ==Tanbihi== <references /> ==Marejeo== * Ercole Ongaro, ''Il Lodigiano nel Novecento: la cultura'', Milano, Franco Angeli, 2006 {{ISBN | 978-88-464-7142-0}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] peqj4mlqp01snir4t3vrwhknc6j21zt 1546025 1545990 2026-05-19T08:14:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Elena Cazzulani convention 70s.jpg|thumb|280px|Elena Cazzulani, [[miaka ya 1970]].]] [[Image:Elena Cazzulani.jpg|Right|thumb|280px|Elena Cazzulani.]] [[Image:Lodi collegio Cazzulani.JPG|Right|thumb|280px|Collegio «Cazzulani», Lodi.]] '''Elena Cazzulani''' (maarufu kwa [[Kifupi|kifupisho]] '''Ena'''; [[Lodi (Lombardia)|Lodi]], [[20 Desemba]] [[1920]] - [[Vigevano]], [[17 Oktoba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Italia]]. Kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 klabu yake kuhusu [[fasihi]] ilikuwa muhimu kwa mji wa Lodi na [[Lombardia]] kwa jumla. Aliandika [[Biografia|wasifu]] wa [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] maarufu kadhaa wa Lodi. [[Familia]] yake imeunda ''Collegio Cazzulani''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |title=C'era una volta il Collegio |publisher=istitutocazzulani.gov.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827175601/http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2014 [[manispaa]] ya Lodi imeita kwa jina lake barabara moja ya mji huo. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5907 |title=Intitolate tre nuove vie in zona Codignola |author=Comune di Lodi |date=24 December 2014 |publisher=comune.lodi.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilcittadino.it/stories/cultura/lodi-omaggia-sue-figlie-migliori-o_11080_96/ |title=Lodi omaggia le sue figlie migliori |author=Fabio Ravera |date=15 October 2012 |publisher=ilcittadino.it |accessdate=25 February 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref> ==Vitabu vyake== * 1982: ''Cristina di Belgioioso'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1983: ''Il muro sul ponte'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1984: ''Giuseppina Strepponi, biografia'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1985: pamoja na Gilberto Coletto: ''Francesco de Lemene. Poesia e teatro'', Ed. del Campus, Lodi * 1988: ''Il collegio Cazzulani'', Edizioni Lodigraf, Lodi * 1989: ''Maria Hadfield Cosway. Biografia, diari e scritti della fondatrice del collegio delle Dame Inglesi in Lodi'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1991: ''Il viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1992: ''Carlotta Ferrari da Lodi. Poetessa e musicista'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1993: ''Ritorno al viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L'Immagine, Lodi * 1996: ''Il cielo comincia dal suolo'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi ==Tanbihi== <references /> ==Marejeo== * Ercole Ongaro, ''Il Lodigiano nel Novecento: la cultura'', Milano, Franco Angeli, 2006 {{ISBN | 978-88-464-7142-0}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 51u9mtru7iw3jvyjy9c2h3ipgh3rsuq 0 232152 1545950 1535905 2026-05-19T05:43:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen Garrison Jackson Clark''' (Aprili 14, 1823 – Desemba 21, 1892) alikuwa mwalimu, mwanaharakati wa ukomeshaji wa utumwa (abolitionist), na mwanaharakati wa awali wa haki za kiraia wa [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya Waafrika. Ujasiri wake wa kukaidi maeneo ya kijamii ya “wazungu pekee” umefananishwa na hatua za [[Rosa Parks]] katika karne ya 20.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Bogen|first=David S.|date=2004|title=Precursors of Rosa Parks: Maryland Transportation Cases Between the Civil War and the Beginning of World War I|url=[https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/mllr63&div=26&id=&page=|journal=Md](https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/mllr63&div=26&id=&page=|journal=Md). L. Rev.|volume=63|pages=721–751|via=Heinonline}}</ref> Baada ya miongo kadhaa akihama-hama katika Pwani ya Mashariki ya Marekani, Kusini mwa Marekani, na Magharibi ya Kati akiwa katika huduma ya kufundisha ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika, Clark alitumia miaka yake ya mwisho miwili akiwa ameishi [[Pasadena, California]] kwa sababu za afya. Alizikwa katika kaburi lisilo na jiwe la kumbukumbu huko Altadena. Mnamo mwaka 2021, Shirika la Kihistoria la Altadena lilifanikiwa kushawishi kuwekwa kwa jiwe la kumbukumbu kwenye kaburi lake.<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Maranatos|first=Jeanette|date=2021|title=How we got the story of Ellen Garrison Jackson Clark and her courageous, unsung life|pages=1–3|work=Los Angeles Times|url=[https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2021-07-30/how-we-got-the-story-of-ellen-garrison-jackson-clark-and-her-courageous-unsung-life}}](https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2021-07-30/how-we-got-the-story-of-ellen-garrison-jackson-clark-and-her-courageous-unsung-life}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Clark alizaliwa na Jack Garrison na Susan Robbins huko [[Concord, Massachusetts]]. Babu yake, Caesar Robbins, alikuwa mtu aliyekuwa mtumwa hapo awali lakini baadaye aliachwa huru na pia mkongwe wa Vita vya Mapinduzi vya Marekani. Jack Garrison aliishi maisha ya mtu huru baada ya kujikomboa kutoka utumwani huko [[New Jersey]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ellen Garrison Jackson, Fighter for Freedom during Reconstruction (1863-1875)|url=[https://robbinshouse.org/wp-content/uploads/Ellen-Garrison-web.pdf|website=The](https://robbinshouse.org/wp-content/uploads/Ellen-Garrison-web.pdf|website=The) Robbins House}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1823|1892}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]] q0yzjkfsx2k46e3oxagtfw9c0i727jw 0 232171 1545735 1533959 2026-05-18T18:14:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ann Louise Nixon Cooper''' (9 Januari 1902 – 21 Desemba 2009) alikuwa Mmarekani aliyefikia umri mkubwa sana (centenarian), anayejulikana zaidi kwa kutajwa katika hotuba ya ushindi ya Rais mteule wa [[Marekani]] [[Barack Obama]] ya Novemba 2008, ambapo alimtaja kama mtu aliyeshuhudia “mapambano na maendeleo” ya karne iliyopita, na kama mfano wa mabadiliko ya hadhi ambayo Waafrika-Wamarekani na wanawake wamepata nchini Marekani. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mwanajamii mashuhuri katika jamii ya Waafrika-Wamarekani ya Atlanta na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia. == Wasifu == Cooper alizaliwa katika Shelbyville, [[Tennessee]], tarehe 9 Januari 1902, na alilelewa [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]].<ref name="AJC">{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Chandler |date=5 Novemba 2008 |title=106-year-old in Obama speech: 'Things can change' |url=[http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/stories/2008/11/05/106_year_old_obama_speech.html](http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/stories/2008/11/05/106_year_old_obama_speech.html) |website=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |access-date=10 Novemba 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alihamia Atlanta, Georgia akiwa katika miaka yake ya mwanzo ya ishirini pamoja na mume wake Albert Berry Cooper, aliyekuwa [[daktari wa meno]],<ref name="AJC" /> na walipata watoto wanne.<ref name="Ann Cooper Biography">{{cite web |title=Ann Cooper Biography |url=[http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=739](http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=739) |website=The History Makers |access-date=6 Novemba 2008 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081211151338/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=739](https://web.archive.org/web/20081211151338/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=739) |archive-date=11 Desemba 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika kipindi hicho, alitumikia kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 katika kazi za kijamii kupitia bodi ya Gate City Nursery Association, na pia alisaidia kuanzisha klabu ya wasichana ya vijana wa Kiafrika-Amerika.<ref>{{cite news |last=Booth |first=Jenny |date=5 Novemba 2008 |title=Profile: Ann Nixon Cooper, 106, singled out for praise by Barack Obama |url=[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/profile-ann-nixon-cooper-106-singled-out-for-praise-by-barack-obama-p5r9hf8t5kt](https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/profile-ann-nixon-cooper-106-singled-out-for-praise-by-barack-obama-p5r9hf8t5kt) |website=The Times |access-date=23 Novemba 2023}}</ref> Kwa sababu hakukuwa na vikundi vya Skauti wa wavulana vilivyochanganywa rangi katika Atlanta ya miaka ya 1930, aliandika barua kwenda makao makuu ya Skauti New York kuomba msaada wa kuanzisha Troop 95, kikundi cha kwanza cha Skauti wa wavulana kwa Waafrika-Wamarekani jijini humo.<ref>National Public Radio: Talk of the Nation, 30 Desemba 2009.</ref> Baada ya mume wake kufariki, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] alimtumia telegramu ya faraja, na pia alikutana na [[Coretta Scott King]]. Alihifadhi picha za matukio hayo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jagger |first=Suzy |date=6 Novemba 2008 |title=Ann Nixon Cooper: the history woman |url=[https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/ann-nixon-cooper-the-history-woman-9bt3sc6vd6l](https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/ann-nixon-cooper-the-history-woman-9bt3sc6vd6l) |website=The Times |access-date=23 Novemba 2023}}</ref> Cooper alijiandikisha kupiga kura kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 1 Septemba 1941. Ingawa alikuwa na marafiki miongoni mwa wasomi mashuhuri wa Weusi kama [[W. E. B. Du Bois|W. E. B. Du Bois]], John Hope Franklin na Benjamin Mays, hakupata kutumia haki yake ya kupiga kura kwa miaka mingi kutokana na hali ya ubaguzi wa rangi na ubaguzi wa kijinsia iliyokuwepo wakati huo.<ref name="NYDaily">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=5 Novemba 2008 |title=Racism survivor Ann Nixon Cooper, 106, is honored by Barack Obama |url=[https://www.chicagotribune.com/nydn-news-politics-racism-survivor-ann-nixon-cooper-106-honored-barack-obama-1-334381-story.html](https://www.chicagotribune.com/nydn-news-politics-racism-survivor-ann-nixon-cooper-106-honored-barack-obama-1-334381-story.html) |website=Chicago Tribune |access-date=23 Novemba 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|2009}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 6jxs5wy218tkahl17y69alohvhuk9as 0 232179 1545982 1535937 2026-05-19T06:48:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evelyn Crowell''' (17 Machi 1936 – 5 Juni 2017)<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Evelyn Crowell (1936–2017)|url=[https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/crowell-evelyn/#.YDV6-mpKg-R|access-date=23](https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/crowell-evelyn/#.YDV6-mpKg-R|access-date=23) Februari 2021|website=[www.oregonencyclopedia.org](http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org)}}</ref> alikuwa msimamizi wa maktaba (librarian), mwandishi, mzungumzaji, mwanaharakati, na mratibu wa jamii kutoka Portland, Oregon. Alikuwa mwanamke Mweusi wa kwanza asiye na mwenza wa kiume katika [[Oregon]] kuwahi kuasili watoto. == Maisha == Alizaliwa Saginaw, Michigan tarehe 17 Machi 1936, na alihamia Oregon mwaka 1942 akiwa pamoja na baba yake, babu yake, kaka yake, na mjomba wake. Walikaa Kaskazini mwa Portland na wanaume katika familia yake walifanya kazi katika viwanda vya meli (viwanda vya meli).<ref name=":0" /> Alisoma katika Boise Elementary School, Girls Polytechnic High School, na baadaye Portland State College.<ref name=":0" /> Alikuwa miongoni mwa wahitimu wa tatu wa chuo hicho (wakati huo kikiwa Portland State College) kupata shahada ya kwanza mwaka 1959.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Skanner|first=The|title=Obituary for Evelyn "Evie" Crowell|url=[https://www.theskanner.com/obituaries/25534-obituary-for-evelyn-evie-crowell|access-date=27](https://www.theskanner.com/obituaries/25534-obituary-for-evelyn-evie-crowell|access-date=27) Februari 2021|website=The Skanner News|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baadaye alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya sayansi ya maktaba (library science) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Washington mwaka 1960.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1936|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] mz715a2gh9jer12dzol60w2qlb43qfd 0 232182 1545924 1535889 2026-05-19T05:12:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Cumbo''' (c. 1735 – haijulikani) alikuwa mwanamke Mweusi huru wa asili mchanganyiko (mixed-race) na mfanyabiashara aliyekuwa akiishi Williamsburg, Virginia.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Harris |first1=Leslie Maria |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6kGCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA268](https://books.google.com/books?id=6kGCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA268) |title=Slavery and the University: Histories and Legacies |last2=Campbell |first2=James T. |last3=Brophy |first3=Alfred L. |date=2019 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-5443-9 |edition=267 |language=en}}</ref> Historia yake hutumika kufundishwa katika mtaala wa historia ya [[Marekani]] wa kiwango cha Advanced Placement kama mfano wa changamoto ambazo Waafrika-Wamarekani walio huru walikabiliana nazo wakati wa kipindi cha [[Mapinduzi ya Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Edith Cumbo |url=[https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/explore/nation-builders/edith-cumbo/](https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/explore/nation-builders/edith-cumbo/) |access-date=19 Desemba 2022 |website=Colonial Williamsburg |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari |last=Marks |first=Peter |title=Some of the most progressive and insightful theater in America is happening in Colonial Williamsburg. Really. |url=[https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/05/22/colonial-williamsburg-dramas-slaves-troubled-past/](https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/05/22/colonial-williamsburg-dramas-slaves-troubled-past/) |access-date=19 Desemba 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Edith Cumbo |url=[https://slaveryandremembrance.org/people/person/index.cfm?id=PP039#:~:text=Edith%20Cumbo%20was%20the%20head%20of%20her%20own,Charles%20City%20County,%20Virginia,%20several%20miles%20from%20Williamsburg](https://slaveryandremembrance.org/people/person/index.cfm?id=PP039#:~:text=Edith%20Cumbo%20was%20the%20head%20of%20her%20own,Charles%20City%20County,%20Virginia,%20several%20miles%20from%20Williamsburg). |access-date=19 Desemba 2022 |website=Slavery and Remembrance}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na familia == Edith Cumbo alizaliwa karibu mwaka 1735 katika Charles City County, Virginia. Kwa kuwa wazazi wake walikuwa watu huru, alirithi hadhi yao ya kisheria tangu kuzaliwa kwake. Mama yake, Francine Cumbo, alikuwa mtumishi wa mikataba kutoka [[Ireland]].<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Walker |first=Danielle |title=Colonial Williamsburg tells the story of Edith Cumbo |url=[https://www.pilotonline.com/inside-business/article_7adfb6c2-eb64-5440-9936-a69fde10be46.html](https://www.pilotonline.com/inside-business/article_7adfb6c2-eb64-5440-9936-a69fde10be46.html) |access-date=19 Desemba 2022 |website=The Virginian-Pilot |date=8 Juni 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baba yake, Richard Cumbo, alikuwa mtu Mweusi huru aliyepigana katika Vita vya Wafaransa na Wahindi na baadaye akapewa ekari 50 za ardhi mjini Williamsburg kama heshima ya utumishi wake.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kearns |first=Andre |date=24 Julai 2016 |title=Meet Edith Cumbo, Nation Builder |url=[https://cumbofamily.com/?p=530](https://cumbofamily.com/?p=530) |access-date=19 Desemba 2022 |website=Cumbo Family Website |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1735|?}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ctew3w4ichi8qv2944tyksvlgwo4ngr 0 232198 1545811 1534001 2026-05-18T23:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carroll Fife''' ni mwanasiasa wa Marekani ambaye ni mjumbe wa baraza la jiji la [[Oakland, California]] katika wilaya yake ya 3 tangu Januari 2021. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Fife alizaliwa katika jimbo la [[Michigan]]. Akiwa kijana, Fife ambaye alikuwa mtoto wa kati kati ya watoto watatu, alifanya kazi huko Muskegon Heights, Michigan. Aliambia jarida la ''Mother Jones'' kwamba babu yake alikuwa miongoni mwa madiwani wa kwanza Weusi katika jiji la Muskegon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Jamilah |title=Mwanaharakati mkali wa makazi anayetaka kubadili serikali ya Oakland kutoka ndani |url=[https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/10/carroll-fife-moms-4-housing-oakland-city-council-black-panther-radical-legacy/](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/10/carroll-fife-moms-4-housing-oakland-city-council-black-panther-radical-legacy/) |access-date=16 Agosti 2024 |website=Mother Jones |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baada ya kupata mtoto, aliishi katika [[Pasadena, California]] kisha akahamia Oakland mwaka 1999 ambapo alianzisha shule ndogo ya binafsi ambayo ilifungwa miaka minne baadaye.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] iq7qmapttbv6hvgphrx37i52yc68e9m 0 232204 1545770 1534012 2026-05-18T20:12:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Gomes-Beach''' alikuwa mratibu wa jamii na mwanaharakati wa mapambano dhidi ya HIV/AIDS katika [[Boston]], [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BARBARA GOMES-BEACH Obituary (2017) - Wareham, MA - Boston Globe |url=[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/barbara-gomes-beach-obituary?id=6712250](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/barbara-gomes-beach-obituary?id=6712250) |access-date=24 Aprili 2025 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Multicultural AIDS Coalition, shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalojihusisha na kinga ya UKIMWI na elimu ya jamii jijini Boston, hadi alipofariki mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black and Gay in Black and White {{!}} The History Project |url=[https://www.historyproject.org/exhibition/black-and-gay-black-and-white](https://www.historyproject.org/exhibition/black-and-gay-black-and-white) |access-date=24 Aprili 2025 |website=[www.historyproject.org](http://www.historyproject.org) }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|?|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] t0ozkreq0ojegvmglsm6zporldp6ufn 0 232205 1545762 1534013 2026-05-18T19:28:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avel Louise Gordly''' (13 Februari 1947 – 16 Februari 2026) alikuwa mwanaharakati, mratibu wa jamii, na mwanasiasa kutoka jimbo la [[Oregon]], Marekani. Mwaka 1996, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Marekani kuchaguliwa katika Oregon State Senate, akihudumu kuanzia 1997 hadi 2009. == Maisha ya awali == Avel Louise Gordly alizaliwa tarehe 13 Februari 1947 mjini [[Portland, Oregon]], akiwa mtoto wa Fay Lee Gordly, mfanyakazi wa reli ya Union Pacific na afisa msaidizi wa polisi (auxiliary police), na Beatrice Bernice Coleman Gordly, mama wa nyumbani na pia mfanyakazi wa muda katika duka la mboga la Wamarekani Weusi lijulikanalo kama Neighborhood Bill’s, pamoja na kuwa Grand Worthy Matron katika shirika la Order of the Eastern Star. Alikulia katika jamii ya wafanyakazi yenye wakazi wengi Waafrika-Wamarekani katika eneo la Humboldt lililopo Kaskazini Mashariki mwa Portland, pamoja na kaka yake mkubwa Tyrone Lee Gordly na dada yake mdogo Fayetta Gordly Burch. Bibi yake upande wa mama, Alberta Louise Randolph, alikuwa kiongozi muhimu wa jamii na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Oregon Association of Colored Women's Clubs pamoja na Klabu ya Harriet Tubman huko Portland. Bibi yake upande wa baba, Lessie Gordly, alifanya kazi za utumishi wa nyumbani na pia katika viwanda vya meli wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Wanawake hawa wawili walikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika malezi na maadili ya maisha ya Gordly.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Avel Gordly - I See My Light Shining |url=[https://eldersproject.incite.columbia.edu/interviews/avel-gordly](https://eldersproject.incite.columbia.edu/interviews/avel-gordly) |access-date=9 Juni 2025 |website=eldersproject.incite.columbia.edu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 9lk8to2vj1kb54o8zp5td57znfi2cpa 0 232221 1546205 1536030 2026-05-19T11:49:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hervé Batoménila''' (alizaliwa 18 Mei 1984 huko Les Pavillons-sous-Bois<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=herve-Batomenila|url=https://herve-batomenila.skyrock.com/|work=Skyrock|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=fr|author=herve-batomenila|archive-date=2023-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414094554/https://herve-batomenila.skyrock.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka Gabon ambaye anacheza katika Ligi ya Premier Development League kwa klabu ya FC Miami City.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fiche de Hervé Batomenila, l'actu le palmares et les stats de Hervé Batomenila|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur25019.html|work=L'Équipe|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=fr}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Batoménila, anayejulikana pia kama “Bato”, alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha [[Paris]] cha Les Pavillons-sous-Bois na wazazi wa Gabon. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 24 Machi 2009 aliitwa kujiunga na [[timu]] ya taifa ya soka ya Gabon, ingawa bado hakuwa amecheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa timu hiyo wakati huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FIFA.com - Giresse turns to Aubameyang youngsters|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1040520.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> Baada ya kuwa na mafanikio katika soka nchini [[Ufaransa]], Bato aliamua kujaribu nafasi yake nje ya nchi. Alisajiliwa na FC Miami City, timu ya soka ya Marekani yenye makao yake mjini Miami, Florida, inayoshiriki katika Premier Development League. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Gabon]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wachezaji mpira]] 009cai18h6pe63ozvro66hza6lb97bz 0 232244 1545761 1534240 2026-05-18T19:22:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Audrey Faye Hendricks''' (1953–2009) alikuwa mshiriki wa maandamano ya Harakati za Haki za Kiraia nchini [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa mtoto mdogo zaidi anayejulikana kufungwa jela wakati wa harakati hizo mwaka 1963. Akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa tu, Audrey alishiriki maandamano yaliyohusiana na kesi ya ''Brown v. Board of Education'' pamoja na viongozi wa haki za kiraia, yaliyolenga kuthibitisha kuwa ubaguzi wa rangi katika shule za umma ulikuwa kinyume cha katiba. Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wengi waliokamatwa na kufungwa kutokana na maandamano hayo. Audrey pia alikuwa mmoja wa maelfu ya watoto walioshiriki katika Children's Crusade tarehe 2 Mei 1963.<ref>{{cite web |title=Audrey Faye Hendricks |url=[https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/audrey-faye-hendricks }}](https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/audrey-faye-hendricks}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|2009}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] b1ulgnzcfls7di694ldekhdk297888r 0 232272 1545921 1535886 2026-05-19T05:05:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebrima''' '''Sorry''' '''Buaro''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 2000) ni mwogeleaji nyota kutoka nchini [[Gambia]], anayefahamika kama mmoja wa waogeleaji bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya nchi hiyo kwenye mbio fupi (sprints).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Swimming BUARO Ebrima Sorry - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/swimming/athlete-profile-n1307350-buaro-ebrima-sorry.htm|work=olympics.com|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ebrima Sorry BUARO {{!}} Results {{!}} World Aquatics Official|url=https://www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1169092/www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1169092/-|work=World Aquatics|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iz4b3dv0i007dq7k4trb98emtq60wmc 0 232308 1545767 1535147 2026-05-18T20:02:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Balla''' '''Camara''' (20 Oktoba 1926 – 3 Januari 1971) <ref>{{Citation|title=GUINEE / Il ne s’appelait pas Camp Boiro ( Par Bachir BAH)|date=2018-06-20|url=http://leguepard.net/2018/06/20/guinee-il-ne-sappelait-pas-camp-boiro-par-bachir-bah/|work=LeGuepard|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-07|archive-date=2022-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228145708/http://leguepard.net/2018/06/20/guinee-il-ne-sappelait-pas-camp-boiro-par-bachir-bah/|url-status=dead}}</ref>alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[uchumi]] na [[mwanasiasa]] mashuhuri wa [[Guinea]], anayekumbukwa kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika ujenzi wa mfumo wa kifedha na kiutawala wa Guinea baada ya uhuru.<ref>{{Cite web|title=L'AVCB se souvient des premiers gouverneurs de la BCRG morts au Camp Boiro {{!}}|url=https://www.visionguinee.info/lavcb-se-souvient-des-premiers-gouverneurs-de-la-bcrg-morts-au-camp-boiro/|work=Vision Guinee|date=2016-03-01|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=fr-FR|author=cirey.balde}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1971]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Guinea]] 9zwwpgwt9cgykjx4j1n97o8fu9uxxvq 0 232321 1545904 1535866 2026-05-19T04:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Djaili Amadou Amal''' ni mwandishi na mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Cameroonian Djaili Amadou Amal is 'Impatient' – DW – 03/30/2022 |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/why-cameroonian-author-djaili-amadou-amal-is-impatient/a-61300677](https://www.dw.com/en/why-cameroonian-author-djaili-amadou-amal-is-impatient/a-61300677) |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=dw.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafeminist]] 9dce1qz2x65arvc1lq7ijzwk71nx7ha 0 232359 1545764 1538292 2026-05-18T19:46:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aziz Karimov''' ni mpiga picha kutoka [[Azerbaijan]]. Alitunukiwa [[Free Media Awards]] mwaka 2020 na [[Fritt Ord (organization)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://frittord.no/en/prizes/free-media-awards/free-media-awards-2020|title=Free](https://frittord.no/en/prizes/free-media-awards/free-media-awards-2020|title=Free) Media Awards 2020|publisher=Fritt Ord Foundation|access-date=2026-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Azerbaijan]] enujgsb3i8lovxvv1q0hsafzvh2ccpz 0 232371 1545677 1536948 2026-05-18T16:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice Marie Johnson''' (alizaliwa Mei 30, 1955)<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.candoclemency.com/alice-marie-johnson/](http://www.candoclemency.com/alice-marie-johnson/) |title=Alice Marie Johnson – Free At Last – Life sent commuted! |date=June 6, 2018 |website=CAN-DO Foundation |access-date=February 21, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni mwanaharakati wa [[Marekani]] wa marekebisho ya mfumo wa haki za jinai nchini Marekani na alikuwa mfungwa wa zamani wa shirikisho. Alipatikana na hatia mwaka 1996 kwa kuhusishwa na mtandao wa usafirishaji wa [[cocaine]] katika [[Memphis, Tennessee]], na akahukumiwa kifungo cha maisha jela.<ref name="pardon"/> Mnamo Juni 2018, baada ya kutumikia miaka 21 gerezani, aliachiliwa kutoka Federal Correctional Institution, Aliceville]], baada ya Rais Donald Trump kumpa msamaha wa rais (clemency), na hivyo kubadilisha kifungo chake (commutation) na kumwachia huru mara moja.<ref name="pardon">{{cite web|url=[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-gives-alice-johnson-full-pardon-day-after-her-rnc-n1238726|title=Trump](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-gives-alice-johnson-full-pardon-day-after-her-rnc-n1238726|title=Trump) gives Alice Johnson a full pardon a day after her RNC speech|date=28 August 2020|work=NBC News}}</ref><ref name="vazquez">{{cite web|last=Vazquez|first=Maegan|title=Trump pardons Alice Johnson|url=[https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/28/politics/donald-trump-alice-johnson-pardon/index.html|date=28](https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/28/politics/donald-trump-alice-johnson-pardon/index.html|date=28) August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020|website=CNN}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 20, 2025, Trump alimteua kuwa “pardon czar” wa utawala wake, akisaidia kutoa ushauri kuhusu msamaha wa rais.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Erica L. |date=2025-02-21 |title=Trump Names 'Pardon Czar' to Advise on Clemency |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/20/us/politics/trump-pardon-czar-johnson.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/20/us/politics/trump-pardon-czar-johnson.html) |access-date=2025-02-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] hb5rxbkzj9f6j0e727jjc21qfi24iud 0 232374 1546187 1537765 2026-05-19T11:24:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hazel M. Johnson''' ( Januari 25, 1935 – Januari 12, 2011) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa mazingira wa [[Marekani]] katika eneo la South Side ya Chicago. Baada ya kuhutubia mkutano wa kwanza wa National People of Color Environmental Leadership,<ref name="Hazel M. Johnson's Legacy">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hazel M. Johnson's Legacy |url=[https://www.peopleforcommunityrecovery.org/our-story/legacy](https://www.peopleforcommunityrecovery.org/our-story/legacy) |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=People for Community Recovery |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> alitambuliwa kama mama wa [[haki ya mazingira]] (environmental justice).<ref name="PCRArchives5">{{cite web |title=People for Community Recovery Archives |url=[https://www.chipublib.org/fa-people-for-community-recovery-archives/](https://www.chipublib.org/fa-people-for-community-recovery-archives/) |access-date=19 November 2017 |publisher=Chicago Public Library }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Elimu ya awali na maisha binafsi == Johnson alizaliwa mjini New Orleans, Louisiana, Januari 25, 1935, kwa Mary (née Dunmore) na Clarence Washington. Alijali sana familia yake na alikuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na masuala ya afya ya familia yake. Johnson alikuwa mtoto mkubwa katika familia yao na alianza kugundua matatizo ya afya ya mazingira mapema maishani. Kabla yeye na ndugu zake kufikisha mwaka mmoja wa kuzaliwa, ndugu zake watatu wadogo walikuwa wamefariki dunia.<ref>Ramirez, Margaret. “Mother of Environmental Justice.” ''ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chicago Tribune (1997-)'', Jan 17, 2011, pg. D63.</ref> Alibaki yatima akiwa na umri wa miaka 12 na akapelekwa kuishi na shangazi yake huko [[Los Angeles]]. Alisoma katika Jefferson High School kwa miaka miwili, kisha akarudi New Orleans kuishi na bibi yake.<ref name="PCRArchives5"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2011}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 24ehyc2qh2aa02h1numdfobhtnnty9i 0 232379 1545801 1537357 2026-05-18T22:29:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camara Phyllis Jones''' (amezaliwa Agosti 16, 1955)<ref>{{cite web|last=Nielsen|first=Euell A.|url=[https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/camara-phyllis-jones-1955/|title=Camara](https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/camara-phyllis-jones-1955/|title=Camara) Phyllis Jones (1955- )|work=[[BlackPast.org]]|date=August 23, 2020|access-date=2020-09-19}}</ref> ni daktari wa [[Marekani]], mtaalamu wa epidemiolojia, na mwanaharakati dhidi ya ubaguzi wa rangi ambaye amebobea katika kuchunguza athari za ubaguzi wa rangi na ukosefu wa usawa wa kijamii katika afya za watu. Anajulikana kwa kazi yake ya kufafanua ubaguzi wa rangi wa kitaasisi, ubaguzi wa rangi wa moja kwa moja baina ya watu, na ubaguzi wa rangi uliojengeka ndani ya nafsi katika muktadha wa mahusiano ya kisasa ya rangi nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Camara Phyllis|date=2002|title=Confronting Institutionalized Racism|journal=[[Phylon]] |volume=50|issue=1/2|pages=7–22|doi=10.2307/4149999|jstor=4149999}}</ref> Wakati wa janga la COVID-19, Jones alipendekeza kwamba ubaguzi wa rangi ulikuwa ukiweka makundi ya wachache nchini Marekani katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya kuambukizwa COVID-19 na kupata madhara makubwa kutokana na maambukizi hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wallis|first=Claudia|title=Why Racism, Not Race, Is a Risk Factor for Dying of COVID-19|url=[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-racism-not-race-is-a-risk-factor-for-dying-of-covid-191/|website=[[Scientific](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-racism-not-race-is-a-risk-factor-for-dying-of-covid-191/|website=[[Scientific) American]]|date=2021-12-21|orig-date=Originally published July 12, 2020|access-date=2025-10-08}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=levenson2020>{{Cite news|last=Levenson|first=Eric|title=Why Black Americans are at higher risk for coronavirus|url=[https://www.phillytrib.com/news/health/coronavirus/why-black-americans-are-at-higher-risk-for-coronavirus/article_5663224b-d19c-5478-a2eb-9456d0d8fc86.html|date=2020-04-07|work=[[The](https://www.phillytrib.com/news/health/coronavirus/why-black-americans-are-at-higher-risk-for-coronavirus/article_5663224b-d19c-5478-a2eb-9456d0d8fc86.html|date=2020-04-07|work=[[The) Philadelphia Tribune]]|access-date=2025-10-08}}</ref> Pia alitoa wito wa kuchukuliwa hatua za kupambana na ubaguzi wa rangi wa kimuundo.<ref name=levenson2020/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Simon|first=Clea |title=Facing the denial of American racism|url=[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/facing-the-denial-of-american-racism/|date=June](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/facing-the-denial-of-american-racism/|date=June) 5, 2020|work=[[The Harvard Gazette]]|access-date=2020-07-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ak8db47bo1920rjlqxji8ei9uzblg0z 0 232414 1545873 1538309 2026-05-19T01:52:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Connie Regan-Blake''' (amezaliwa 20 Januari 1947) ni msimulizi wa hadithi, mwandishi na mwezeshaji wa warsha kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana sana kwa kuwa sehemu ya kundi la usimulizi wa hadithi lililojulikana kama ''The Folktellers''. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[National Storytelling Network]] (NSN), ambalo hapo awali lilijulikana kama ''National Association for the Preservation and the Perpetuation of Storytelling'' (NAPPS).<ref>{{cite web|title=Circle of Excellence Award Recipients|url=[http://storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|publisher=National](http://storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|publisher=National) Storytelling Network|access-date=3 Februari 2015|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110915193319/http://www.storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|archive-date=15](https://web.archive.org/web/20110915193319/http://www.storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|archive-date=15) Septemba 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Regan-Blake aliwahi kufanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa sanaa kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1983. Mwaka 1996 alitunukiwa tuzo ya ''Circle of Excellence'' na [[National Storytelling Network]] baada ya kutambuliwa na wenzake kama msimulizi mahiri wa hadithi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Circle of Excellence Award Recipients|url=[http://storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|publisher=National](http://storynet.org/oracle/circleofexcellence.html|publisher=National) Storytelling Network|access-date=3 Februari 2015}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tangu kuanzishwa kwa [[National Storytelling Festival]] mwaka 1973, amewahi kushiriki katika tamasha hilo kama msanii mkuu au msimamizi wa shughuli za jukwaani kila mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.storytellingcenter.net/festival/|title=National](https://www.storytellingcenter.net/festival/|title=National) Storytelling Festival|website=International Storytelling Center|access-date=7 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0hld551hv3ric7508gtynk95a7lzj0k 0 232450 1545757 1538341 2026-05-18T19:16:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Atiq Ahmed''' (pia huandikwa '''Atique Ahmed'''; 10 Agosti 1962 – 15 Aprili 2023) alikuwa jambazi sugu, mhalifu na mwanasiasa wa [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 Aprili 2023 |title=Atiq Ahmed, brother Ashraf shot dead in Uttar Pradesh |url=[https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/atiq-ahmed-brother-ashraf-shot-dead-in-uttar-pradesh-1210068.html](https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/atiq-ahmed-brother-ashraf-shot-dead-in-uttar-pradesh-1210068.html) |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |access-date=15 Aprili 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 Aprili 2023 |title=Atiq Ahmed: The brazen murder of an Indian mafia don-turned-politician |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65291781](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65291781) |access-date=16 Aprili 2023}}</ref> Alfanya kazi kama mbunge wa [[Bunge la India]] na pia mwanachama wa [[Bunge la Uttar Pradesh]] kupitia chama cha [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=UP don Atique Ahmed to be transferred to Sabarmati jail |website=The Times of India |date=27 Aprili 2019 |url=[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/up-don-atique-ahmed-to-be-transferred-to-sabarmati-jail/articleshow/69065063.cms](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/up-don-atique-ahmed-to-be-transferred-to-sabarmati-jail/articleshow/69065063.cms) |access-date=27 Aprili 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samajwadi-party-ateeq-ahmad-gangster-act-uttar-pradesh-219963-2013-12-06|title=Uttar](https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samajwadi-party-ateeq-ahmad-gangster-act-uttar-pradesh-219963-2013-12-06|title=Uttar) Pradesh's first gangster Ateeq Ahmad is SP's poll candidate|website=India Today|access-date=16 Januari 2017}}</ref> Ahmed alikuwa na zaidi ya kesi 160 za jinai dhidi yake na aliwahi kugombea uchaguzi mara kadhaa akiwa gerezani.<ref name="bs">{{cite news |author=Aditi Phadnis |date=12 Februari 2012 |title=Prayagraj challenge for Congress, BSP |publisher=Business Standard |url=[http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/Prayagraj-a-challenge-for-congress-bsp-112021200034_1.html](http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/Prayagraj-a-challenge-for-congress-bsp-112021200034_1.html) |access-date=20 Mei 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=160 cases lodged against don-turned-politician Atiq, kin |url=[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/160-cases-lodged-against-don-turned-politician-atiq-kin/articleshow/98401636.cms](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/160-cases-lodged-against-don-turned-politician-atiq-kin/articleshow/98401636.cms) |access-date=16 Aprili 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=4 Machi 2023}}</ref> Kufikia Machi 2023, polisi wa [[Uttar Pradesh]] walikuwa wamekamata mali zenye thamani kubwa zilizokuwa zikihusishwa na Ahmed pamoja na familia yake.<ref>{{cite news |title=160 criminal cases, illegal revenues worth crores: Report card of Atiq Ahmed's family |url=[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/atiq-ahmed-wife-brother-criminal-history-properties-seized-umesh-pal-murder-2343430-2023-03-06](https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/atiq-ahmed-wife-brother-criminal-history-properties-seized-umesh-pal-murder-2343430-2023-03-06) |access-date=16 Aprili 2023 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2019 alipatikana na hatia ya kuteka shahidi aliyekuwa ametoa ushahidi dhidi yake kuhusu mauaji ya mpinzani wake wa kisiasa [[Raju Pal]] mwaka 2005.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 Aprili 2023 |title=Former Indian lawmaker, brother fatally shot live on TV |url=[https://apnews.com/article/india-former-lawmaker-shot-live-tv-78241a08883aa903d3cf7eb6edaa1108](https://apnews.com/article/india-former-lawmaker-shot-live-tv-78241a08883aa903d3cf7eb6edaa1108) |website=AP News |language=en |access-date=16 Aprili 2023}}</ref> Aliendelea kuwa gerezani hadi alipouawa kwa kupigwa risasi na watu watatu wenye silaha tarehe 15 Aprili 2023 alipokuwa akipelekwa hospitalini kwa uchunguzi wa afya ulioagizwa na mahakama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why is Atiq Ahmed being taken from Sabarmati jail to UP? |url=[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/why-gangster-atiq-ahmed-taken-from-sabramati-jail-uttar-pradesh-prayagraj-2351938-2023-03-27](https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/why-gangster-atiq-ahmed-taken-from-sabramati-jail-uttar-pradesh-prayagraj-2351938-2023-03-27) |website=India Today |date=27 Machi 2023 |language=en |access-date=27 Machi 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Machi 2023 |title=Gangster Atiq Ahmed's convoy reaches Uttar Pradesh |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/gangster-atiq-ahmeds-convoy-reaches-uttar-pradesh-8521488/](https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/gangster-atiq-ahmeds-convoy-reaches-uttar-pradesh-8521488/) |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=27 Machi 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1962|2023}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uhindi]] [[Jamii:wahalifu]] kz2tt7sd6jlq3h7tx8ktbm91gjgxnbc 0 232453 1545670 1538342 2026-05-18T16:17:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aladi Aruna''' @ '''V. Arunachalam Nadar''' (9 Julai 1933 – 31 Desemba 2004) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[India]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Sheria wa jimbo la [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news| url=[http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm](http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm) | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050103021524/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20050103021524/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm) | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 Januari 2005 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Aladi Aruna murdered | date=1 Januari 2005}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa [[Bunge la Tamil Nadu]] kupitia chama cha [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] akiwakilisha jimbo la [[Alangulam (State Assembly Constituency)|Alangulam]] katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1967, 1971 na 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf](http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf) |title=1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date=19 Machi 2012 |archive-date=20 Machi 2012 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf](http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf) |title=1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date=19 Machi 2012 |archive-date=6 Oktoba 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pia alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Lok Sabha]], ambalo ni bunge la chini la [[Bunge la India]], akiwakilisha jimbo la [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]] katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Volume](http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Volume) I, 1977 Indian general election, 6th Lok Sabha|access-date=7 Mei 2026|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archive-date=18](https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|archive-date=18) Julai 2014}}</ref> Baadaye alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Rajya Sabha]], bunge la juu la India, kupitia chama cha [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]. Alijulikana sana baada ya kutoa taarifa ya kupinga ripoti ya kamati ya uchunguzi kuhusu [[Bofors Scandal]], iliyokuwa ikitoa msamaha kwa serikali ya [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=aHE-gNVllf0C|year=1989|publisher=Published](https://books.google.com/books?id=aHE-gNVllf0C|year=1989|publisher=Published) for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|page=57}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya2019">{{cite book|author=AK Bhattacharya|title=The Rise of Goliath: Twelve Disruptions That Changed India|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vH2jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT233|year=2019|publisher=Penguin](https://books.google.com/books?id=vH2jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT233|year=2019|publisher=Penguin) Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-597-4|page=233}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://m.rediff.com/news/feb/22bofors.htm](https://m.rediff.com/news/feb/22bofors.htm) |title=Rajiv Gandhi favoured Bofors, says ex-JPC member |publisher=Rediff |access-date=15 Septemba 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliuawa kwa kukatwa na mapanga wakati akifanya matembezi ya asubuhi mwaka 2004.<ref>{{cite news| url=[http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm](http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm) | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050103021524/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20050103021524/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/01/stories/2005010107310100.htm) | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 Januari 2005 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Aladi Aruna murdered | date=1 Januari 2005}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1933|2004}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uhindi]] 7wez0n2a9ednpr5sipb4adj3pscslxn 0 232456 1545874 1537787 2026-05-19T01:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Connor Freff Cochran''' (anajulikana pia kwa jina moja la '''Freff''') ni mwandishi, mwandishi wa habari na mchapishaji, anajulikana kama mwanzilishi wa Conlan Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Connor Freff Cochran |url=[https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/210632.Connor_Freff_Cochran](https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/210632.Connor_Freff_Cochran) |website=Goodreads |access-date=7 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Conlan Press |url=[https://conlanpress.com/about/](https://conlanpress.com/about/) |website=Conlan Press |access-date=7 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] q331mggedc19kgprj9k3p3axf4ef0da 0 232460 1545642 1539159 2026-05-18T14:54:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdoulaye''' '''Kourouma''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Guinea]] katika Bunge la Taifa la Guinea. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha upinzani cha Rally for Renaissance and Development. Pia ni Rais wa Chama cha Guinea-Korea kwa maendeleo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Abdoulaye KOUROUMA {{!}} ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE DE GUINÉE|url=https://assembleeguinee.org/hon-abdoulaye-kourouma|work=www.assembleeguinee.org|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=en|archive-date=2025-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113045549/https://assembleeguinee.org/hon-abdoulaye-kourouma|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Election du 22 mars : Voici la liste des nouveaux députés guinéens - La Guinee 224|date=2020-04-16|url=https://www.laguinee224.com/election-du-22-mars-voici-la-liste-des-nouveaux-deputes-guineens/|work=La Guinee 224|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-07|archive-date=2021-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028202642/https://www.laguinee224.com/election-du-22-mars-voici-la-liste-des-nouveaux-deputes-guineens/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Guinea]] sjl0mka3kmgias8lgk3uyzdtr7577fg 0 232469 1545674 1537804 2026-05-18T16:36:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Yowan Kevin Moucketou-Moussounda''' (alizaliwa 10 Oktoba 2000) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Gabon]] anayekichezea klabu ya Hapoel Petah Tikva FC kama beki wa kati, pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Gabon. == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza soka lake la kulipwa nchini Gabon akiwa na AS Mangasport kabla ya kujiunga na AS Bouenguidi mwaka 2020. Baadaye aliendelea na [[kazi]] yake ya soka barani Ulaya, akihusishwa na klabu ya Aris Limassol FC, ikiwa ni sehemu ya maendeleo yake ya kimataifa. == Timu ya taifa == Ameiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Gabon katika ngazi ya wakubwa kama beki wa kati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Moucketou Moussounda et Shavy Warren Babicka (...) - Gabonews - Pour l'information juste !|url=https://www.gabonews.com/fr/actus/football/article/alex-moucketou-moussounda-et-shavy-warren-babicka,%20https://www.gabonews.com/fr/actus/football/article/alex-moucketou-moussounda-et-shavy-warren-babicka|work=www.gabonews.com|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=fr|author=horacio@gabonews.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Gabon]] h0ft0o113u6ittcle2x5ulnfv9urhqf 0 232496 1545918 1537863 2026-05-19T05:01:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eartha Mae Kitt''' (aliwa kwa jina la '''Keith'''; 17 Januari 1927 – 25 Desemba 2008) alikuwa mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, na mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa mtindo wake wa kipekee wa uimbaji pamoja na rekodi zake za mwaka 1953 za wimbo wa "C'est si bon" na wimbo wa [[Krismasi]] wa vichekesho "Santa Baby". Kitt alianza kazi yake mwaka 1942 na alionekana katika toleo la awali la mwaka 1945 la tamthilia ya muziki ya Broadway iliyoitwa ''Carib Song''. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950, Kitt alikuwa na nyimbo sita zilizoingia katika orodha ya nyimbo 30 bora nchini Marekani, zikiwemo "Uska Dara" (1953) na "I Want to Be Evil" (1953). Rekodi zake nyingine ni pamoja na wimbo wa 10 bora nchini Uingereza "Under the Bridges of Paris" (1954), "Just an Old Fashioned Girl" (1956), na "Where Is My Man" (1983). [[Orson Welles]] aliwahi kumuita “mwanamke mwenye kusisimua zaidi duniani”.<ref>{{cite news |last=Messer |first=Kate X. |title=Just An Old Fashioned Cat |url=[http://www.austinchronicle.com/arts/2006-07-21/388422/](http://www.austinchronicle.com/arts/2006-07-21/388422/) |work=The Austin Chronicle |date=21 Julai 2006}}</ref> Kitt aliigiza kama Catwoman katika msimu wa tatu na wa mwisho wa mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Batman'' mwaka 1967.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |title='We had to eat whatever we could dig out of the ground': How Eartha Kitt rose from 'extreme poverty' to superstardom |url=[https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250109-eartha-kitt-from-extreme-poverty-to-stardom](https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250109-eartha-kitt-from-extreme-poverty-to-stardom) |last=McKevitt |first=Greg |website=BBC |date=13 Januari 2025 |access-date=17 Februari 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] iilxodx9kmhr3zgh3jjcg5vzocsy29u 0 232499 1545803 1537866 2026-05-18T22:54:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Rebecca Le Count''' (takriban 1846 – 24 Januari 1923; mara nyingi huandikwa '''LeCount''') alikuwa mwalimu na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia kutoka [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], nchini [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi hulinganishwa na mwanaharakati wa baadaye [[Rosa Parks]] kutokana na juhudi zake za awali za kupinga ubaguzi katika usafiri wa umma. == Maisha ya awali == Le Count alizaliwa South Philadelphia mwaka 1846 akiwa mmoja wa watoto wanne. Baba yake, James LeCount, alikuwa fundi wa kutengeneza makabati na pia mtoa huduma za mazishi. Inaaminika kuwa alihusika katika Underground Railroad, kwa kuwa simulizi za kifamilia zinaeleza kuwa alikuwa akiwaficha watumwa waliotoroka ndani ya majeneza.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |date=3 Oktoba 2020 |title=Caroline LeCount & the Ohio Street School |url=[http://inherownright.org/spotlight/biographical-profiles/feature/caroline-lecount-the-ohio-street-school](http://inherownright.org/spotlight/biographical-profiles/feature/caroline-lecount-the-ohio-street-school) |access-date=24 Septemba 2022 |website=Biographical Profiles - Explore the story of women's activism through documents & images |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Lane, 1991, uk. 126.</ref><ref>Biddle, 2010, uk. 118.</ref> Caroline alianza masomo akiwa mdogo na alihitimu akiwa mwanafunzi bora katika darasa lake la wanafunzi watano kutoka Institute for Colored Youth mwaka 1863.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Caroline LeCount |url=[https://catto.ushistory.org/catto_people/caroline-lecount/](https://catto.ushistory.org/catto_people/caroline-lecount/) |access-date=24 Septemba 2022 |website=catto.ushistory.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Biddle, 2010, uk. 288.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1846|1923}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rz1bbdyff3ds3054xskz1sg2btm0lp0 0 232503 1545736 1537870 2026-05-18T18:27:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annie B. Martin''' (20 Desemba 1920 – 12 Juni 2012) alikuwa mwanzilishi muhimu katika harakati za vyama vya wafanyakazi na vuguvugu la haki za kiraia nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika jimbo la [[South Carolina]] na alishiriki katika maandamano mengi yaliyofanyika [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="UFT05242012">{{cite web|url=[http://www.uft.org/around-uft/honoring-woman-valor|title=Honoring](http://www.uft.org/around-uft/honoring-woman-valor|title=Honoring) a woman of valor|date=May 24, 2012|work=UFT.com|publisher=United Federation of Teachers|access-date=17 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Womack06152012">{{cite web|url=[http://www.apri.org/ht/display/ArticleDetails/i/5354](http://www.apri.org/ht/display/ArticleDetails/i/5354) |title=Labor Committee of the NAACP Saddened By Loss of Sister Dr. Annie B. Martin |last=Womack, Sr. |first=Richard |author2=Brown, Clayola |author3=Holifield, General |date=June 15, 2012 |work=A. Philip Randolph Institute website |publisher=A. Philip Randolph Institute |access-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065723/http://www.apri.org/ht/display/ArticleDetails/i/5354](https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065723/http://www.apri.org/ht/display/ArticleDetails/i/5354) |archive-date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa naibu kamishna wa kazi wa jimbo la New York chini ya magavana watatu tofauti, na pia alihudumu kwa mihula 16 kama rais wa tawi la [[New York City]] la Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kuendeleza Watu Weusi (NAACP).<ref name="TandDObituary06182012">{{cite web|url=[http://thetandd.com/news/local/obituaries/dr-annie-b-martinnew-york/article_a3648510-b8fd-11e1-a046-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Dr](http://thetandd.com/news/local/obituaries/dr-annie-b-martinnew-york/article_a3648510-b8fd-11e1-a046-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Dr). Annie B. Martin -- New York|date=June 18, 2012|work=The Times and Democrat|access-date=17 July 2012|location=Orangeburg, South Carolina}}</ref><ref name="Rangel06192012">{{cite web|url=[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2012-06-19/pdf/CREC-2012-06-19-pt1-PgE1075.pdf|title=In](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2012-06-19/pdf/CREC-2012-06-19-pt1-PgE1075.pdf|title=In) Celebration of the Life of Our Beloved Freedom Fighter and Freedom Sister Dr. Annie B. Martin|last=Rangel|first=Charles|date=June 19, 2012|work=Congressional Record|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives|access-date=17 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia alihudumu katika bodi ya kitaifa ya NAACP kwa kipindi cha miaka 19.<ref name="NAACP06132012">{{cite web|url=[http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin1|title=NAACP](http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin1|title=NAACP) Mourns the Passing of Dr. Annie B. Martin|date=June 13, 2012|work=NAACP.com|publisher=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|access-date=17 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120724141142/http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin1|archive-date=24](https://web.archive.org/web/20120724141142/http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin1|archive-date=24) July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Amalgamated06192012">{{cite web|url=[http://amalgamatedbank.wordpress.com/2012/06/19/amalgamated-bank-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin/|title=Amalgamated](http://amalgamatedbank.wordpress.com/2012/06/19/amalgamated-bank-mourns-the-passing-of-dr-annie-b-martin/|title=Amalgamated) Bank Mourns the Passing of Dr. Annie B. Martin|date=June 19, 2012|work=Amalgamated Bank News|publisher=Amalgamated Bank|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nu2rdmx6dl6elues7viov162iyapuak 0 232517 1545906 1538361 2026-05-19T04:29:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothee Hess-Maier''' ni mchapishaji wa vitabu kutoka [[Ujerumani]] ambaye kwa sasa amepunguza shughuli zake za kikazi. Aliwahi kuwa sehemu ya timu ya juu ya usimamizi katika kampuni ya uchapishaji ya ''Otto-Maier-Verlag'' na pia mwanachama wa bodi ya utendaji ya kampuni mshirika ya [[Ravensburger|Ravensburger AG]].<ref name="DHMlautBuchMarkt">{{cite web |url=[https://buchmarkt.de/menschen/dorothee-hess-maier-85/](https://buchmarkt.de/menschen/dorothee-hess-maier-85/) |work=Runde Geburtstage: Sie war die erste Frau an der Spitze des Börsenvereins |title=Dorothee Hess-Maier (85) |date=6 Novemba 2021 |publisher=BuchMarkt Verlag K. Werner GmbH, Meerbusch |access-date=8 Machi 2022}}</ref><ref name="DHMlautMunz">{{cite web |title=Dorothee Hess-Maier, deutsche Verlegerin; Ravensburger AG |url=[https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Dorothee+Hess+Maier/0/19138.html](https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Dorothee+Hess+Maier/0/19138.html) |work=Internationales Biographisches Archiv 08/2016 vom 23. Februar 2016 (cs) |publisher=Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg |access-date=8 Machi 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka 1989 alikua mwanamke wa kwanza baada ya miaka 164 kuteuliwa kuwa ''Vorsteherin'' (kiongozi mkuu) wa [[Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels]], chama cha biashara ya vitabu nchini Ujerumani.<ref name="DHMlautBuchMarkt" /><ref name="DHMlautKBuSpielzeug">{{cite web |date=6 Novemba 2016 |work=Das Spielzeug |title=Ravensburger Dorothee Hess-Maier wird 80 |author=Kerstin Barthel |url=[https://dasspielzeug.de/Industrie/Dorothee-Hess-Maier-wird-80](https://dasspielzeug.de/Industrie/Dorothee-Hess-Maier-wird-80) |publisher=Meisenbach GmbH Verlag, Bamberg |access-date=8 Machi 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia ametunukiwa Nishani ya Daraja la Kwanza ya Heshima ya Ujerumani kutokana na mchango wake katika sekta ya uchapishaji na elimu.<ref name="UmVerdienstkreuzDHM">{{cite web |title=Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse für Dorothee Hess-Maier |url=[http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/verdienstkreuz-1-klasse-fuer-dorothee-hess-maier/](http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/verdienstkreuz-1-klasse-fuer-dorothee-hess-maier/) |author=Staatsministerium |publisher=Staatsministerium Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923182050/http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/verdienstkreuz-1-klasse-fuer-dorothee-hess-maier/](https://web.archive.org/web/20150923182050/http://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/verdienstkreuz-1-klasse-fuer-dorothee-hess-maier/) |archive-date=23 Septemba 2015 |access-date=8 Machi 2022}}</ref><ref name="DHMEhrensenatorinPHWusw">{{cite web |title=Dorothee Hess-Maier als Ehrensenatorin der PH ausgezeichnet |work=Wichtige Impulsgeberin im Hochschulrat seit 2000 |url=[http://www.ph-weingarten.de/de/aktuelles-pressemitteilungen/2014-12-01_ehrensenatorin-hess-maier.php](http://www.ph-weingarten.de/de/aktuelles-pressemitteilungen/2014-12-01_ehrensenatorin-hess-maier.php) |author=Arne Geertz |publisher=Pädagogische Hochschule Weingarten |year=2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150521093800/http://www.ph-weingarten.de/de/aktuelles-pressemitteilungen/2014-12-01_ehrensenatorin-hess-maier.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20150521093800/http://www.ph-weingarten.de/de/aktuelles-pressemitteilungen/2014-12-01_ehrensenatorin-hess-maier.php) |archive-date=21 Mei 2015 |access-date=8 Machi 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] 1koxbiihmu5e6rhj3ecr4ugnrotnqwc 0 232518 1545844 1537885 2026-05-19T00:22:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiane Tchotcho Akoua Ekué''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1954) ni mwandishi wa [[Togo]] anayeandika kwa lugha ya [[Kifaransa]] na pia ni mchapishaji wa vitabu.<ref name="uwa">{{cite web |url=[http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/EkueAkouaEng.html](http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/EkueAkouaEng.html) |title=Christiane Tchotcho Akoua Ekué |work=Women Writers and African Literature |publisher=University of Western Australia |access-date=7 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Togo]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Togo]] pfpq5pfomqwsl1j523k9d042nq0og1b 0 232519 1546169 1538057 2026-05-19T10:59:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hans-Joachim Gelberg''' (27 Agosti 1930 – 17 Mei 2020) alikuwa mwandishi na mchapishaji wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. Alitunukiwa tuzo mbalimbali kutokana na mchango wake katika fasihi ya watoto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hans-Joachim Gelberg |url=[https://www.dtv.de/autor/hans-joachim-gelberg-2505/](https://www.dtv.de/autor/hans-joachim-gelberg-2505/) |website=dtv Verlag |access-date=7 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Zum Tod von Hans-Joachim Gelberg |url=[https://www.boersenblatt.net/news/zum-tod-von-hans-joachim-gelberg-111668](https://www.boersenblatt.net/news/zum-tod-von-hans-joachim-gelberg-111668) |website=Börsenblatt |date=18 Mei 2020 |access-date=7 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|2020}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] rwcltyt0f3qc5tduscbtd3kllgjzup8 0 232539 1545788 1537916 2026-05-18T21:55:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boris-Claude Nguéma Békalé''' (alizaliwa 7 Desemba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa Gabon anayekichezea klabu ya USM Libreville na pia timu ya taifa ya Gabon kama kipa. Alizaliwa katika wilaya ya Kango, [[Gabon]]. Hapo awali ameichezea klabu za FC 105 Libreville, Delta Téléstar na TP Akwembé. Alikuwa kipa wa akiba wa Gabon katika fainali za Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2010 zilizofanyika [[Angola]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=gaboneco.com - Gabon : Les 23 Panthères sélectionnées pour l'Angola|url=http://gaboneco.com/show_article.php?IDActu=16351|work=gaboneco.com|accessdate=2026-05-08|author=actualité gabon|archive-date=2012-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081017/http://www.gaboneco.com/show_article.php?IDActu=16351|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Gabon]] r3yz8fp7fav82x8f6i8xivy11zsxjkt 0 232540 1545974 1539394 2026-05-19T06:27:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545974 wikitext text/x-wiki Erwin Blynn Nguéma Obame (alizaliwa 7 Machi 1989) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Gabon anayekichezea klabu ya US Bitam. == Kazi yake == Obame alianza soka lake la kulipwa akiwa na US Bitam, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya Cameroon ya Coton Sport FC de Garoua mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gabon names Nations Cup squad|url=http://africansoccerunion.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=107215:gabon-names-nations-cup-squad&catid=510:featured-listings&Itemid=200142|work=africansoccerunion.com|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=en-gb|author=Administrator|archive-date=2012-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227162217/http://www.africansoccerunion.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=107215:gabon-names-nations-cup-squad&catid=510:featured-listings&Itemid=200142|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha timu ya taifa ya Gabon kilichoshiriki Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2010 lililofanyika Angola.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Alain Giresse publie la liste des 23 Panthères devant disputer la CAN en Angola|url=http://www.gabonews.ga/index.php/actualite/societe/faits-divers/524-alain-giresse-publie-la-liste-des-23-pantheres-devant-disputer-la-can-en-angola|work=www.gabonews.ga|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-fr|author=Rodrigue ASSEYI|archive-date=2010-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125154140/http://www.gabonews.ga/index.php/actualite/societe/faits-divers/524-alain-giresse-publie-la-liste-des-23-pantheres-devant-disputer-la-can-en-angola|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Gabon]] p895ndknkcqxuvjyn9im2dyjaagd8t7 0 232601 1545754 1538004 2026-05-18T19:05:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashlee Marie Preston''' ni mwanamke [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] maarufu katika vyombo vya habari, mwanahabari, na mwanaharakati. Yeye alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza aliyebadili jinsia kutoka mwanaume kuwa mwanamke kuwa mhariri mkuu wa jarida la kitaifa la ''Wear Your Voice Magazine'', na pia mtu wa kwanza aliyejitangaza wazi kuwa trans kugombea nafasi ya uongozi wa serikali katika jimbo la California. Akiwa anatokea Kentucky, alihamia Los Angeles na kuanza mchakato wa kubadili jinsia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19. Alianza kujulikana zaidi hadharani baada ya kumkosoa waziwazi Caitlyn Jenner kutokana na kumuunga mkono utawala wa Donald Trump. Amechangia maandiko yake katika machapisho mbalimbali na ametambuliwa kwa shughuli zake za uanaharakati na vyombo tofauti vya habari pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali. Preston ni mwanachama hai wa jamii ya watu trans huko Los Angeles, na ni mwanachama wa mashirika kadhaa ya kijamii. Alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa mawasiliano na udhamini wa vyombo vya habari katika kundi la Los Angeles Pride, na pia kama mwanachama wa kitengo cha uhamasishaji wa jamii katika Human Rights Campaign. Aidha, aliwahi kuwa mwakilishi wa kampeni ya urais ya Elizabeth Warren mwaka 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.businessinsider.com/activist-ashlee-marie-preston-slammed-for-racist-misogynistic-tweets-2019-10](https://www.businessinsider.com/activist-ashlee-marie-preston-slammed-for-racist-misogynistic-tweets-2019-10) |title=Activist and Warren campaign surrogate Ashlee Marie Preston under fire for racist and misogynistic tweets |work=Business Insider |date=16 October 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/marco-rubio-feels-disrespected-elizabeth-warrens-amazing-response-homophobic-supporter/](https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/10/marco-rubio-feels-disrespected-elizabeth-warrens-amazing-response-homophobic-supporter/) |title=Marco Rubio feels 'disrespected' by Elizabeth Warren's amazing response to a homophobic supporter |work=LGBTQ Nation |date=14 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.losangelesblade.com/2019/10/14/ashlee-marie-preston-warren-campaign-trans-rep-apologizes-for-old-bigoted-tweets/](https://www.losangelesblade.com/2019/10/14/ashlee-marie-preston-warren-campaign-trans-rep-apologizes-for-old-bigoted-tweets/) |title=Ashlee Marie Preston, Warren campaign trans rep, apologizes for old bigoted tweets |work=[[Los Angeles Blade]] |date=14 October 2019}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2019, ujumbe wa zamani wa Preston kwenye mtandao wa Twitter uliokuwa na maudhui ya kibaguzi na chuki dhidi ya mashoga ulisambazwa tena hadharani. Preston alisema kuwa kurejeshwa kwa ujumbe huo ilikuwa ni “mbinu ya kisiasa”, lakini aliomba radhi na kueleza kuwa aliandika ujumbe hiyo akiwa chini ya athari za dawa za kulevya.<ref name="Law & Crime">{{cite web|date=14 October 2019|title=Elizabeth Warren Under Fire as Campaign Surrogate's Racist, Homophobic Tweets Come to Light|url=[https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/elizabeth-warren-under-fire-as-campaign-surrogates-racist-homophobic-tweets-come-to-light/|work=Law](https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/elizabeth-warren-under-fire-as-campaign-surrogates-racist-homophobic-tweets-come-to-light/|work=Law) & Crime}}</ref> Ujumbe mwingine wa aina hiyo ulisambazwa tena mwaka 2021.<ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nz1enbdwiea5hbdpxv6c67oxt88zjeo 0 232605 1546090 1538051 2026-05-19T09:42:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546090 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gloria Purvis''' ni msomi wa umma, mzungumzaji, mwandishi, mtangazaji wa podikasti, na mwanaharakati [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] mwenye asili ya Afrika na mwenye imani ya Kanisa Katoliki. Anaishi [[Washington, D.C.]] na amezungumza pamoja na kuandika kwa kina kuhusu haki za wanawake, utoaji mimba, masuala ya ngono, ndoa, familia, uhuru wa dini, na haki ya usawa wa rangi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Rocha |first=Samuel D. |date=2020-07-20 |title=The Gift of Blackness to the Church: An Interview with EWTN's Gloria Purvis |url=[https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/the-gift-of-blackness/](https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/the-gift-of-blackness/) |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Church Life Journal |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fraga |first=Brian |date=May 21, 2021 |title=Gloria Purvis: ‘Racial justice is not contrary to the Church’s teaching’ |url=[https://www.oursundayvisitor.com/gloria-purvis-racial-justice-is-not-contrary-to-the-churchs-teaching/}}](https://www.oursundayvisitor.com/gloria-purvis-racial-justice-is-not-contrary-to-the-churchs-teaching/}})</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/video/6276249526001](https://www.foxnews.com/video/6276249526001)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 7sws5ztgve8hx8ca7ul3kigxe2l1yy3 0 232623 1545759 1538049 2026-05-18T19:19:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Attica Woodson Scott''' (alizaliwa 30 Januari 1972)<ref>{{cite web|title=Legislator-Profile|url=[https://legislature.ky.gov/Legislators/Pages/Legislator-Profile.aspx?DistrictNumber=41|access-date=September](https://legislature.ky.gov/Legislators/Pages/Legislator-Profile.aspx?DistrictNumber=41|access-date=September) 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Q&A with Attica Scott|date=June 29, 2016|url=[https://www.leoweekly.com/2016/06/attica-scott/|access-date=September](https://www.leoweekly.com/2016/06/attica-scott/|access-date=September) 28, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni mwanasiasa Mmarekani ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kentucky House of Representatives kutoka wilaya ya 41 kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2023. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Scott alizaliwa katika [[Louisville, Kentucky]], na alisoma katika duPont Manual High School. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya Sanaa (Bachelor of Arts) katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Knoxville College na shahada ya uzamili (Master of Arts) katika mawasiliano kutoka University of Tennessee.<ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 4242w6in1whzjtzpuvlep6az9zga1yg 0 232630 1545684 1538063 2026-05-18T17:07:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Althea T. L. Simmons''' (17 Aprili 1924 – 13 Septemba 1990)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Althea Simmons|url=[https://www.womeninpeace.org/s-names/2017/7/17/althea-simmons|access-date=2020-06-19|website=Women](https://www.womeninpeace.org/s-names/2017/7/17/althea-simmons|access-date=2020-06-19|website=Women) In Peace|date=24 April 2017|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia na wakili aliyefanya kazi na NAACP kwa zaidi ya miaka 35.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=1990-09-17|title=Althea Simmons, 66, N.A.A.C.P. Lobbyist|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/17/obituaries/althea-simmons-66-naacp-lobbyist.html|access-date=2020-06-19|issn=0362-4331}}](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/17/obituaries/althea-simmons-66-naacp-lobbyist.html|access-date=2020-06-19|issn=0362-4331}})</ref> Simmons alikuwa mkuu wa ofisi ya NAACP mjini [[Washington, D.C.]] na pia alikuwa mshauri mkuu wa masuala ya ushawishi (chief lobbyist) kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1990.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Althea Simmons, NAACP Official, Dies|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1990/09/15/althea-simmons-naacp-official-dies/4356515f-16ba-4fde-9ecb-04fb3bc3c7b8/|access-date=June](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1990/09/15/althea-simmons-naacp-official-dies/4356515f-16ba-4fde-9ecb-04fb3bc3c7b8/|access-date=June) 18, 2020}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake mkubwa wa kushawishi sera, kufuatilia kwa karibu mitazamo ya wabunge katika kupiga kura, na uwepo wake wenye mamlaka na heshima katika shughuli za kisiasa.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|title=28 Johnson: Althea Simmons' Importance at the NAACP| date=13 October 2014 |url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MI43xlywxx4|language=en|access-date=2020-06-19}}](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MI43xlywxx4|language=en|access-date=2020-06-19}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|1990}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] laqj876o7sg9vj0zfxfoxg326m8yjb4 0 232649 1545766 1538113 2026-05-18T20:00:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bali White''' (alizaliwa 10 Januari, [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]) ni mtafiti na mwandishi anayejikita katika masomo ya Afrika, mazingira, na jinsia. Kwa sasa ni Mtafiti Mshirika (Research Fellow) katika National Institutes of Health (NIH). Yeye ni mwanamke aliyebadilisha jinsia (trans woman na pia ni mratibu wa jamii na mtetezi anayeshughulikia masuala ya utambulisho wa kijinsia, sheria, huduma za afya, na haki za kijamii katika ngazi za kitaifa, za majimbo, na za mitaa.<ref name=levels>Housing Works, [[http://www.housingworks.org/blogs/detail/half-of-all-state-senators-support-genda-advocates-to-lobby-again-may-/](http://www.housingworks.org/blogs/detail/half-of-all-state-senators-support-genda-advocates-to-lobby-again-may-/) Supporting Gender Expression Nondiscrimination Act (GENDA).] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100507025241/http://www.housingworks.org/blogs/detail/half-of-all-state-senators-support-genda-advocates-to-lobby-again-may-](https://web.archive.org/web/20100507025241/http://www.housingworks.org/blogs/detail/half-of-all-state-senators-support-genda-advocates-to-lobby-again-may-) |date=2010-05-07 }}</ref><ref name=LevelsTwo>Housing Works AIDS Issues Update, [[http://newsle.com/article/0/1976856/](http://newsle.com/article/0/1976856/){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} GENDA PASSES IN ASSEMBLY: New York Assembly advanced human rights during hour long debate; next stop is the Senate]</ref> Kazi zake za utafiti na uanaharakati kuhusu utetezi wa watu waliobadili jinsia na vijana wa jamii ya ballroom ([Ball culture) zimekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika sekta ya afya ya umma. Aliwahi pia kuhudumu katika Bodi ya Ushauri ya Kitaifa ya Center of Excellence for Transgender Health.<ref name=Board>Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, [[http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=ab-white](http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=ab-white) Bali White, National Advisory Board Member.] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190502001026/http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=ab-white](https://web.archive.org/web/20190502001026/http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=ab-white) |date=2019-05-02 }}</ref> Pia alisimamia miradi inayofadhiliwa na Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) kwa ajili ya vijana wa kike waliobadili jinsia na wanaume wanaofanya mapenzi na wanaume (MSM) ndani ya jamii ya ballroom kupitia Hetrick-Martin Institute. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ginp26nw3wz1anexerxf8k40llbbfbs 0 232654 1545927 1538121 2026-05-19T05:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edna Wilson-Mosley''' (31 Mei 1925 – 26 Agosti 2014) alikuwa mwanasiasa mashuhuri, mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia, na mwalimu katika miji ya Denver na [[Aurora, Colorado]]. Wilson-Mosley alihudumu kama mtaalamu wa haki za kiraia katika Tume ya Haki za Kiraia ya Colorado. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benki ya Wanawake ya Denver (Women's Bank of Denver) na alikuwa mwanamke Mweusi pekee miongoni mwa waanzilishi wake, ambapo pia alihudumu katika bodi ya wakurugenzi. Alikuwa ameolewa na John Mosley, mmoja wa wanachama wa awali na wanaoheshimika wa kundi la wanajeshi wa anga wa Tuskegee Airmen.<ref name="denver library">{{Citation | url = [https://history.denverlibrary.org/news/african-american-colorado-history-memorable-peope-and-events](https://history.denverlibrary.org/news/african-american-colorado-history-memorable-peope-and-events) | last = Nelson | first = Annie | title = African American Colorado History: Memorable People and Events | work = | publisher = | date = February 7, 2018 | ref = none }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|2014}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ov0bil9kbltadxjocfrv658laz0oby6 0 232655 1545841 1538124 2026-05-19T00:20:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christian "Cece" Worley''' (alizaliwa 1998) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia wa Marekani na mwanafunzi wa sheria anayejulikana kwa kuwa mlalamikaji katika kesi ya shirikisho ''Proffitt v. North Carolina Department of Public Safety''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morrow |first=Talese |date=2026-01-14 |title=Black Woman's Groundbreaking Federal Disability Lawsuit Advances Federal Recognition of Endometriosis as a Disability... and She Did It All Pro Se » Inland Valley News |url=[https://inlandvalleynews.com/black-womans-groundbreaking-federal-disability-lawsuit-advances-federal-recognition-of-endometriosis-as-a-disability-and-she-did-it-all-pro-se/](https://inlandvalleynews.com/black-womans-groundbreaking-federal-disability-lawsuit-advances-federal-recognition-of-endometriosis-as-a-disability-and-she-did-it-all-pro-se/) |access-date=2026-02-20 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akiwakilisha mwenyewe bila wakili (pro se), mahakama ya shirikisho huko North Carolina ilitambua kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa endometriosis inaweza kuzingatiwa kama ulemavu chini ya Sheria ya Wamarekani Wenye Ulemavu (ADA).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-15 |title=A Black Woman's Pain Was Dismissed—Until She Took the State to Court |url=[https://greensborochronicle.com/2026/01/15/a-black-womans-pain-was-dismissed-until-she-took-the-state-to-court/](https://greensborochronicle.com/2026/01/15/a-black-womans-pain-was-dismissed-until-she-took-the-state-to-court/) |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=Greensboro Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="she filed">{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Alyssa |title=She filed a discrimination lawsuit for endometriosis. She won. |url=[https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2026/02/18/ada-workplace-discrimination-lawsuit-endometriosis-womens-health/88729714007/](https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2026/02/18/ada-workplace-discrimination-lawsuit-endometriosis-womens-health/88729714007/) |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=USA Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=JoVonn |first=Jeroslyn |date=2026-02-20 |title=Law Student Wins Landmark Ruling Recognizing Endometriosis As A Disability In Discrimination Case |url=[https://www.blackenterprise.com/law-student-wins-ruling-recognizing-endometriosis-disability/](https://www.blackenterprise.com/law-student-wins-ruling-recognizing-endometriosis-disability/) |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Black Enterprise |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Mildred Europa |date=2026-02-21 |title=Woman makes history after she filed a discrimination lawsuit for endometriosis and won |url=[https://face2faceafrica.com/article/woman-makes-history-after-she-filed-a-discrimination-lawsuit-for-endometriosis-and-won](https://face2faceafrica.com/article/woman-makes-history-after-she-filed-a-discrimination-lawsuit-for-endometriosis-and-won) |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=Face2Face Africa |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1998|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] asiusdwf51vld061ijorcm0t3b3k1am 0 232664 1545851 1538410 2026-05-19T00:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Nanby Wynn Woodward''', anayejulikana kwa jina la utani “Chunky” Woodward, ([[23 Machi]] [[1924]] – [[27 Aprili]] [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] maarufu wa rejareja na mfugaji wa ranchi nchini Kanada. Alikuwa mtoto wa William C. Woodward, aliyekuwa Luteni Gavana wa British Columbia kuanzia 1941 hadi 1946, na mjukuu wa Charles A. Woodward, mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya maduka ya Woodward's ambayo ilivunjwa mwaka 1993. Kama baba yake na babu yake, “Chunky” alihudumu kama rais wa maduka ya Woodward's. Pia alijulikana sana kama mmiliki wa muda mrefu wa Douglas Lake Ranch, ambayo ilihesabiwa kuwa ranchi ya pili kwa ukubwa duniani wakati huo. Zaidi ya hayo, alikuwa mfugaji maarufu wa farasi. Alizaliwa na pia kufariki katika jiji la Vancouver.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.memorybc.ca/woodward-family |title=British Columbia Archival Information Network, Woodward family fonds description |accessdate=2026-05-08 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119093127/https://www.memorybc.ca/woodward-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] 3nauz6358140iofu365ncww29xf3l8c 0 232671 1545987 1538582 2026-05-19T06:59:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabyula Badawi''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1960) ni mshairi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka [[Misri]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fabyula Badawi |url=[https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15067547.Fabyula_Badawi](https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15067547.Fabyula_Badawi) |website=Goodreads |access-date=7 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fabyula Badawi |url=[https://www.arabworldbooks.com/en/authors/fabyula-badawi](https://www.arabworldbooks.com/en/authors/fabyula-badawi) |website=Arab World Books |access-date=7 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] 308wwi5mk6qtkyrhzqzly2kxxcqzahb 0 232692 1546001 1538433 2026-05-19T07:26:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fayyad Abdel Moneim''' (amezaliwa 1957) ni mwanataaluma na mchumi kutoka nchini [[Misri]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa waziri wa fedha kwa kipindi kifupi kuanzia tarehe 7 Mei hadi 16 Julai 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Egypt's interim cabinet sworn in |url=[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/7/16/egypts-interim-cabinet-sworn-in](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/7/16/egypts-interim-cabinet-sworn-in) |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Egypt finance minister replaced in cabinet reshuffle |url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/) |website=Reuters |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Misri]] m5kha8wh7y3268bvdht7yxf4zdezvvx 0 232694 1545673 1538437 2026-05-18T16:36:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Avery''' ni mkurugenzi wa zamani wa utafiti na elimu katika Kituo cha Masuala ya Chakula Duniani (Center for Global Food Issues) kilicho chini ya Hudson Institute.<ref>{{ cite web|url=[http://www.cgfi.org/about/aavery_bio.htm](http://www.cgfi.org/about/aavery_bio.htm) |publisher=Center for global food issues |title=Alex Avery |access-date=9 Disemba 2007 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192920/http://cgfi.org/about/aavery_bio.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192920/http://cgfi.org/about/aavery_bio.htm) |archive-date=14 Oktoba 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Avery |first1=Alex |title=Frog-pocalypse Not: Amphibians And Atrazine |url=[https://www.hudson.org/research/11121-frog-pocalypse-not-amphibians-and-atrazine](https://www.hudson.org/research/11121-frog-pocalypse-not-amphibians-and-atrazine) |access-date=12 Septemba 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akiwa katika taasisi hiyo, alifanya utafiti kuhusu athari za kimazingira za mifumo tofauti ya kilimo. Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa kitabu ''The Truth About Organic Foods'',<ref>{{ cite web | url =[http://www.tvrgroup.de/|](http://www.tvrgroup.de/|) publisher= TVR Group| title = Die Wahrheit uber Bio-Lebensmittel| language = German| access-date = 19 Desemba 2007 | archive-url= [https://web.archive.org/web/20071225022842/http://www.tvrgroup.de/|](https://web.archive.org/web/20071225022842/http://www.tvrgroup.de/|) archive-date= 25 Desemba 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> ambacho kimeelezwa kuwa kitabu chenye utata<ref>{{cite journal|last=McHughen|first=Alan|date=May 5, 2007|title=Toppling the organic house of cards |journal=Nature Biotechnology|volume=25|issue=5|pages=522–523|doi=10.1038/nbt0507-522|s2cid=38555109}}</ref> kutokana na ukosoaji wake dhidi ya harakati za chakula hai (organic food movement) na upinzani wake dhidi ya teknolojia ya kilimo cha kisasa (agricultural biotechnology). Avery anasema teknolojia hiyo inaweza kupunguza matumizi ya viuatilifu na kufanya kilimo kuwa rafiki zaidi kwa mazingira. Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa na Henderson Communications, kampuni ndogo ya ushauri wa kilimo biashara (agribusiness) na uchapishaji wa vitabu vinavyohusiana na kilimo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] 4de7lxmvcxnka67xnle8hph3r65de8p 0 232723 1546190 1538449 2026-05-19T11:26:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hazem Salah Abu Ismail''' (Kiarabu: حازم صلاح أبو إسماعيل; IPA: [ħæːzem sˤɑˈlɑːħ ˈæbu ʔesmæˈʕiːl]; alizaliwa 16 Juni 1961) ni mwanasheria, mhubiri wa Kiislamu na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Misri]] ambaye aligombea katika uchaguzi wa urais wa Misri wa mwaka 2012 na pia alianzisha chama cha Flag Party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile: Hazem Salah Abu Ismail |url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17665630](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17665630) |website=BBC News |access-date=8 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] 9nyh876wo8ackqbttuu68r0n5ixh1bp 0 232757 1545738 1538281 2026-05-18T18:32:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony J. Wood''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 4]], [[1965]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Roku, Inc.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Wood - Founder & CEO of Roku |url=https://www.roku.com/about/executives |website=Roku |access-date=2026-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wood alizaliwa na kukulia [[Manchester]], [[Uingereza]], kabla ya kuhamia Marekani akiwa kijana. Mnamo Aprili [[2021]], alikuwa na asilimia 15 ya hisa katika Roku, na alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 7.2.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Wood Net Worth |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/anthony-wood/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> Kabla ya Roku, alikuwa mwanzilishi wa ''ReplayTV'', kampuni ya kurekodia video za dijiti (DVR), na aliwahi kuwa makamu wa rais wa "Internet TV" katika [[Netflix]] chini ya [[Reed Hastings]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Anthony Wood |url=https://www.influencewatch.org/person/anthony-wood/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=InfluenceWatch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Alex |date=2021-06-18 |title=How Roku used the Netflix playbook to beat bigger players and rule streaming video |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/18/how-roku-dominated-streaming-anthony-woods-new-content-obsession.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=2023-09-06 |title=Roku to Lay Off 10 Percent of Staff, Take Charge of $55M-$65M for Removing Streaming Content |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/roku-layoffs-charge-streaming-content-1235583173/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 31papkdngowi6hag2c9njmr1atjrec4 0 232797 1546158 1538465 2026-05-19T10:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hala Elkoussy''' (alizaliwa 1974) ni msanii na mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Misri]] . Elkoussy alizaliwa Cairo mwaka wa 1974. <ref name=":0">[https://variety.com/2017/film/festivals/dubai-arab-world-women-directors-hala-elkoussy-1202638953/#! Dubai: Arab World Women Directors - a Profile of Hala Elkoussy]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.institutfrancais.com/en |title=French Institute |accessdate=2026-05-08 |archive-date=2026-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260501075240/https://www.institutfrancais.com/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alipokea Tuzo ya Sanaa ya ''Abraaj Capital'' huko [[Dubai (mji)|Dubai]] mnamo 2010. <ref>[https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/art/abraaj-group-art-prize-collection-finally-finds-new-home-at-art-jameel-1.980750 Abraaj Group Art Prize collection finally finds new home at Art Jameel | The National]</ref> Filamu yake ya kwanza, ''Cactus Flower,'' ilitolewa mwaka wa 2017. <ref>[https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/cactus-flower-dubai-review/5124934.article 'Cactus Flower': Dubai Review | Reviews | Screen]</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.voguearabia.com/ Vogue Arabia - Fashion, Beauty, Celebrity Style and Culture | Vogue Arabia]</ref> Kazi yake inafanyika katika mkusanyiko wa Makumbusho ya Tate, [[London]], <ref>[https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/hala-elkoussy-10751 Hala Elkoussy born 1974 | Tate]</ref> na ''Art Jameel,'' [[Saudi Arabia]]. <ref>[https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/02/18/saudi-art-organisation-acquires-vast-collection-of-middle-eastern-art-from-dubais-bankrupt-abraaj-firm Saudi art organisation acquires vast collection of Middle Eastern art from Dubai's bankrupt Abraaj firm - The Art Newspaper - International art news and events]</ref> Filamu yake ya 2024, ''East of Noon'' ilionyeshwa katika Wiki mbili za Wakurugenzi wa [[Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes]] la mwaka 2024. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/132471/Egyptian-Film-%E2%80%98East-of-Noon%E2%80%99-Was-Screened-At-Cannes-Film Egyptian Film ‘East of Noon’ Was Screened At Cannes Film Festival’s Directors’ Fortnight - EgyptToday]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:wasanii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wakurugenzi wa filamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 5jiesrqfybefzzqbvuozaxardnaltr5 0 232919 1545790 1538748 2026-05-18T21:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bradford Knapp''' (24 Desemba 1870 – 11 Juni 1938) alikuwa rais wa Alabama Polytechnic Institute, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Auburn University, kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1933.<ref name="lib">{{cite web |title=AU Archives--Biography of Pres. Bradford Knapp (1870-1938) |url=[https://www.lib.auburn.edu/archive/find-aid/533/bk-bio.htm](https://www.lib.auburn.edu/archive/find-aid/533/bk-bio.htm) |website=[www.lib.auburn.edu](http://www.lib.auburn.edu) |access-date=26 Aprili 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1870|1938}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] m1uwfwch9fii9c774r5f7ek9wc0g38f 0 232951 1545878 1545359 2026-05-19T02:38:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dana Alston''' (Desemba 1951 – 7 Agosti 1999) alikuwa mtetezi wa haki za mazingira kwa usawa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa kuendeleza harakati za haki za mazingira kwa kuunganisha uanaharakati wa mabadiliko ya tabianchi na masuala ya uchafuzi wa mazingira unaoathiri jamii za watu wasio wazungu. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Dana Alston alizaliwa 18 Desemba 1951 katika eneo la Harlem, New York, kwa wazazi Garlen na Betty Alston.<ref name="ajustclimate.org">{{cite web |title=A Just Climate |url=[https://ajustclimate.org/](https://ajustclimate.org/) |access-date=16 Aprili 2023 |website=ajustclimate.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tangu akiwa shuleni, alionyesha nia ya kuwasaidia watu weusi na jamii zilizotengwa. Alisoma katika Wheelock College huko Boston, ambapo alikuwa rais wa Umoja wa Wanafunzi Weusi (Black Student Union). Akiwa hapo, alitetea kuongezwa kwa kozi za historia na masuala ya Waamerika Weusi pamoja na kuongezeka kwa walimu weusi katika chuo hicho.<ref name="White-2004">{{cite book |last1=White |first1=Rachel |last2=Scheuering |first2=Rachel White |title=Shapers of the Great Debate on Conservation: A Biographical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/shapersofgreatde0000sche |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32826-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/shapersofgreatde0000sche/page/214 214]}}</ref> Alihitimu mwaka 1973 akiwa na shahada ya kwanza ya sayansi Shahada ya Sayansi.<ref name="Becher-2018">{{cite book |last=Becher |first=Anne |title=American Environmental Leaders |url=https://archive.org/details/americanenvironm0002unse |publisher=Grey House Publishing |year=2018 |edition=3rd |location=Amenia, NY |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanenvironm0002unse/page/n13 15] |isbn=9781682177327}}</ref> Baadaye alisoma shahada ya uzamili katika [[Columbia University]] katika Shule ya Afya ya Umma, akibobea katika afya ya kazi na mazingira.<ref name="White-2004" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] hz8o80uh6w0qd7rsym5g2vbyphtbhkm 0 232954 1545807 1538981 2026-05-18T22:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carolyn Finney''' (alizaliwa 1959)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Finney|first=Carolyn|date=2019-10-01|title=This Moment|url=[https://brooklynrail.org/special/River_Rail_Colby/river-rail/This-Moment|access-date=2021-04-28|website=The](https://brooklynrail.org/special/River_Rail_Colby/river-rail/This-Moment|access-date=2021-04-28|website=The) Brooklyn Rail|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni msimuliaji wa hadithi, mwandishi, msanii, mwalimu, na msomi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kwa sasa ni msomi mkaazi (scholar-in-residence) katika Kituo cha Mazingira cha Franklin kilichopo Middlebury College. Kazi ya Finney inachunguza jinsi asili na mazingira nchini Marekani yanavyohusishwa na masuala ya rangi na ubaguzi wa kijamii, akionesha namna uzoefu wa watu weusi katika mazingira unavyoundwa na historia na siasa za nchi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Author to speak on African Americans' relationship with the outdoors |url=[https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/02/author-speak-african-americans-relationship-outdoors](https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/02/author-speak-african-americans-relationship-outdoors) |access-date=28 Septemba 2022 |website=Cornell Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ru486awyz0inly8b12cc0ioo8j3t47x 0 232963 1545809 1538796 2026-05-18T23:03:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carroll Burns Williams Jr.''' (24 Septemba 1929 – 1 Machi 2024) alikuwa mtaalamu wa misitu wa utafiti na mtaalamu wa wadudu kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanasayansi wa kwanza Mweusi kuajiriwa na United States Forest Service na pia Mmarekani Mweusi wa kwanza kupata Ph.D. katika misitu na entomolojia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 Aprili 2024 |title=Remembering Dr. Carroll Williams |url=[https://www.fs.usda.gov/inside-fs/memorial/remembering-dr-carroll-williams](https://www.fs.usda.gov/inside-fs/memorial/remembering-dr-carroll-williams) |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=FSEEE |date=2 Agosti 2024 |title=In Memoriam: Carroll B. Williams Jr., Forest Service Pioneer |url=[https://nationalforestadvocates.org/in-memoriam-carroll-b-williams-jr-forest-service-pioneer/](https://nationalforestadvocates.org/in-memoriam-carroll-b-williams-jr-forest-service-pioneer/) |access-date=3 Januari 2025 |website=Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Williams alifanya utafiti wa msingi kuhusu matumizi ya viua wadudu katika misitu na uhusiano kati ya wadudu na mimea mwenyeji, akijumuisha tafiti kuhusu mende wa gome la miti, minyoo wa misonobari (spruce budworms) na spishi nyingine vamizi.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] g5yqecr1317vaj26nwvkfkjia3kzm2a 0 232973 1545897 1538806 2026-05-19T03:43:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Feikert Birt''' (aliyezaliwa 12 Oktoba 1949) ni mtaalamu wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]]. Baada ya kustaafu kwake Januari 2015, alitunukiwa heshima ya kuwa mtafiti mwandamizi (fellow) wa American Society for Nutrition pamoja na National Academy of Medicine. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Birt alizaliwa tarehe 12 Oktoba 1949 katika [[Petaluma, California]], akiwa mtoto wa Dorothy Beatrice Cunningham na Joseph Ernst Feickert.<ref name="Cumo">{{cite web |last1=Cumo |first1=Christopher |title=Birt, Diane Feickert |url=[https://isubios.pubpub.org/pub/r97xrmhr/release/1](https://isubios.pubpub.org/pub/r97xrmhr/release/1) |publisher=Iowa State University Biographical Dictionary |access-date=Septemba 21, 2021 |date=Julai 30, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alisoma katika El Molino High School ambapo alipata ufadhili wa masomo kujiunga na Whittier College kwa ajili ya shahada yake ya kwanza (Bachelor's degree).<ref>{{cite news |title=Diane Feikert |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85723213/diane-feikert/](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85723213/diane-feikert/) |access-date=Septemba 21, 2021 |publisher=The Press Democrat |date=Juni 4, 1967}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Awards given to graduates |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85722950/awards-given-to-graduates/](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85722950/awards-given-to-graduates/) |access-date=Septemba 21, 2021 |publisher=Sonoma West Times and News |date=Juni 15, 1967}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu, alimuoa mhandisi Kenneth Allen Birt mwaka 1973.<ref name="wed">{{cite news |title=Couple wed in Monte Rio |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85722624/couple-wed-in-monte-rio/](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85722624/couple-wed-in-monte-rio/) |access-date=Septemba 21, 2021 |publisher=Petaluma Argus-Courier |date=Juni 26, 1973}}</ref> Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika lishe kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Purdue mwaka 1975.<ref name="Cumo"/> Mwaka 2005, Birt aliingizwa katika orodha ya heshima ya Idara ya Chakula na Lishe ya Chuo Kikuu cha Purdue (Hall of Fame) kama mmoja wa wanachama wa kwanza.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hall of Fame, 2005 Inductees |url=[https://www.purdue.edu/hhs/nutr/events/hall_fame/hall_fame-2005.html](https://www.purdue.edu/hhs/nutr/events/hall_fame/hall_fame-2005.html) |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=Septemba 21, 2021 |date=2005}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ka3axw67d44tu78f1o1dt2dmvtsd3si 0 232981 1545781 1539268 2026-05-18T20:43:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Zé Ondo''' (alizaliwa Juni 18, 1987) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kimataifa kutoka [[Gabon]] ambaye kwa sasa anacheza kwa Mosta F.C., yenye makao yake Mosta, Malta. Kabla ya kujiunga na Mosta, aliicheza kwa mara ya mwisho klabu ya Wydad Casablanca kutoka [[Morocco]]. Pia amewahi kucheza katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Algeria]] (Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1) kwa klabu ya ES Sétif. == Maisha ya Klabu == Baada ya kusaini na klabu ya Algeria, ES Sétif, katika majira ya joto ya 2013, Zé Ondo alipaswa kusubiri hadi [[Desemba]] ili kustaafu kucheza kwa klabu hiyo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Transferts : ES Sétif, Zé Ondo enfin qualifié, I. Sané engagé|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/news-15280-transferts-es-setif-ze-ondo-enfin-qualifie-i-sane-engage.php|work=www.dzfoot.com|accessdate=2026-05-09|archive-date=2013-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226000731/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-15280-transferts-es-setif-ze-ondo-enfin-qualifie-i-sane-engage.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>Mnamo Desemba 28, 2013, alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza kama mwanzilishi dhidi ya USM Alger katika raundi ya 15 ya Ligi Kuu ya Algeria 2013–14.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fiche de Match|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=7184|work=www.dzfoot.com|accessdate=2026-05-09|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221804/http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=7184|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Heshima == ES Sétif * Ligi ya Mabingwa wa CAF: 2014 * Kombe la Super CAF: 2015 * Ligi Kuu ya Algeria: 2014–15 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Gabon]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2hmq99yb99hy4tsceai62l8t32o9iuu 0 233023 1546082 1538861 2026-05-19T09:35:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gladys Block''' ni mtafiti wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye aliwahi kufanya kazi katika National Cancer Institute. == Elimu na kazi == Kuanzia Julai 1991, Block alifanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley kama profesa wa Afya ya Jamii na Maendeleo ya Binadamu katika Shule ya Afya ya Umma. Baadaye alipewa hadhi ya profesa emerita.<ref name=sph>{{cite web|url=[http://sph.berkeley.edu/gladys-block|title=Gladys](http://sph.berkeley.edu/gladys-block|title=Gladys) Block PhD|publisher=School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley|access-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=chj>{{cite web|url=[http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/resources/sources/gladys-block|title=Gladys](http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/resources/sources/gladys-block|title=Gladys) Block: Expert Profile|publisher=Center for Health Journalism|access-date=October 25, 2016}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Utafiti wake umejikita katika lishe, afya ya jamii, na uhusiano kati ya chakula na magonjwa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] t5ste70dtru5zn3z678l2goscxd9ske 0 233029 1545742 1538881 2026-05-18T18:37:51Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Adina_Howard.webp|Adina_Howard.webp]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ziv|Ziv]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: World Entertainment News Network [https://www.alamy.com/3rd-annual-city-of-angels-bet-experience-w 1545742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Adina Howard | picha = | maelezo = Adina mnamo 2025 | background = solo_singer | jina la kuzaliwa = Adina Marie Howard | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1973|11|14}} | chimbuko = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], Marekani | aina ya muziki = [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[soul music|soul]] | kazi yake = Mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mwigizaji, mpishi (chef) | miaka ya kazi = 1994–sasa | studio = Mecca Don, [[EastWest Records]], [[Elektra Records]], Rufftown, Arsenal, Monarchy, Sony Red | ameshirikiana na = [[Warren G]], [[Jamie Foxx]], [[Raekwon]], [[Xzibit]], [[Play-N-Skillz]] | wavuti = [http://www.adinahoward.com/ AdinaHoward.com] }} '''Adina Marie Howard''' (alizaliwa Novemba 14, 1973<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BbgBU7qAjgZ/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BbgBU7qAjgZ |archive-date=December 24, 2021 |url-access=limited|title=Adina Howard on Instagram: "Thank you for the birthday love! #adinahoward №44 #resurrection #nasty #blasphemy"|website=Instagram|access-date=September 11, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>) ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Marekani.<ref name="urbanbridgez.com">{{cite web|url=http://urbanbridgez.com/ubgblog/2013/12/18/ub-honors-2013-and-the-winners-are/|title=UB Honors 2013: And The Winners Are… &#124; UrbanBridgez.com &#124; Urban E-Zine|website=UrbanBridgez.com|access-date=July 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004714/http://urbanbridgez.com/ubgblog/2013/12/18/ub-honors-2013-and-the-winners-are/|archive-date=June 23, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alipata umaarufu katikati ya miaka ya 1990 kupitia albamu yake ya kwanza, ''[[Do You Wanna Ride?]]'' na wimbo wake maarufu wa "[[Freak like Me]]". Baadhi ya vibao vyake vingine ni pamoja na "What's Love Got to Do with It?" (akimshirikisha [[Warren G]]), "(Freak) And U Know It", "Nasty Grind", "Freaks" (akimshirikisha [[Play-N-Skillz]] na [[Krayzie Bone]]) na "[[T-Shirt & Panties]]" (akimshirikisha [[Jamie Foxx]]). == Maisha ya awali == Adina Howard alizaliwa Novemba 14, 1973, na kulelewa mjini [[Grand Rapids]], [[Michigan]], na mama yake pamoja na wadogo zake wa kike watatu. Baadaye familia hiyo ilihamia [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. Mmoja wa watu waliomvutia mapema alikuwa [[Madonna (mwanamuziki)|Madonna]], ambaye pia ni mzaliwa wa Michigan.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1995/09/05/the-body-of-her-work/1ffcaee2-a369-4af7-98e2-f61baacdd1c8/| title = THE BODY OF HER WORK - The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Katikati ya miaka ya 1990, alielekea usikivu wa meneja na mtayarishaji Livio Harris, aliyemsaidia kurekodi baadhi ya nyimbo za majaribio na baadaye kupata mkataba na Max Gousse kupitia Mecca Don/EastWest Records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.songwriteruniverse.com/maxgousse123.htm|title=Interview with Max Gousse, Senior Vice President of A&R at Island Def Jam Records|date=December 4, 2013|website=SongwriterUniverse.com|access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> == Kazi == === 1993–1996: ''Do You Wanna Ride?'' na mafanikio ya "Freak Like Me" === Albamu yake ya kwanza ''[[Do You Wanna Ride?]]'', iliyokuwa na wimbo uliopata tuzo ya Platinum wa "[[Freak like Me]]", ilitolewa mnamo 1995 na kutunukiwa hadhi ya Gold na RIAA. Nyimbo zake zilizofuata ni pamoja na "My Up and Down" (Nafasi ya 32 R&B, Nafasi ya 68 Hot 100) na "It's All About You" (Nafasi ya 58 R&B). Mnamo 1996, alishirikiana na [[Warren G]] kwenye kibwagizo cha filamu ya ''[[Police Story 3: Super Cop]]'' kupitia wimbo wa "[[What's Love Got to Do with It (wimbo wa Warren G)|What's Love Got to Do with It]]" ambao ulitumia kionjo kutoka kwa wimbo maarufu wa [[Tina Turner]]. Wimbo huo ulikuwa mkali mwingine kwa wawili hao, ukishika nafasi ya 36 kwenye Hot 100, nafasi ya 32 kwenye R&B, na nafasi ya 2 kwenye chati za Uingereza. Video ya wimbo huo pia ilimwonesha [[Jackie Chan]] akitokea kwa ufupi. Pia mwaka huo, alishirikiana kwenye wimbo na kundi la [[Somethin' for the People]] uitwao "Damned If I Do" uliotokea kwenye kibwagizo cha filamu ya ''[[A Thin Line Between Love and Hate]]'' pamoja na albamu yao ya kwanza. Pia alirekodi wimbo wa "For the Funk" kwa ajili ya kibwagizo cha filamu ya [[Sunset Park (soundtrack)|''Sunset Park'']]. === 1997: ''Welcome to Fantasy Island'' na uigizaji === Mnamo 1997, alijiandaa kwa ajili ya kutoa albamu yake ya pili, ''[[Welcome to Fantasy Island]]'' (awali ilipewa jina la ''Portrait of a Lady'').<ref>{{cite web|last=Takiff |first=Jonathan |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19970605/2542907/june-tunies----the-months-new-cds-include-en-vogue-kd-lang---and-more |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; June Tunies – The Month's New Cds Include En Vogue, K.D. Lang – And More |publisher=Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQ8EAAAAMBAJ&q=adina+howard+portrait+of+a+lady&pg=PA22 |title=Billboard – Google Books |date=May 3, 1997 |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> Ilipata sifa nyingi kutoka kwa wakosoaji na kibao kimoja cha wastani, "(Freak) And U Know It", lakini iliwekwa kando na [[Elektra Records]] mnamo 1997. Albamu hiyo ilivuja kwenye mtandao miaka michache baadaye na nakala za matangazo ziliuzwa kwa mamia ya dola. Moja ya nyimbo kutoka kwenye albamu hiyo iliyowekwa kando, "[[T-Shirt & Panties]]" (ushirikiano na [[Jamie Foxx]]) iliishia kwenye kibwagizo mwaka uliofuata. Awali ulipangwa kwa ajili ya kibwagizo cha filamu yake ya ''[[Booty Call (filamu)|Booty Call]]'' lakini hatimaye ukaishia kwenye filamu ya mwaka 1998 ya ''[[Woo (filamu)|Woo]]''. Ulitolewa kama single ya matangazo, na remix yake iliwashirikisha [[Cam'ron]] na [[Charli Baltimore]]. Pia mwaka huu, alishirikiana na Cydal kwenye wimbo uitwao "Chocolate (Cuties & Condoms)" uliotolewa kama single kwa ajili ya ''[[Bulletproof (filamu ya 1996)|Bulletproof]]''. Wimbo huo pia ulijumuishwa kwenye albamu yao ya kwanza ''Cydalwayz'' mwaka uliofuata. Katika kipindi hiki, alifanya uigizaji wake wa kwanza kwenye filamu huru ya ''[[High Freakquency]]'', akishirikiana na [[Deon Richmond]] na [[John Witherspoon (mwigizaji)|John Witherspoon]]. Mnamo 2002, alirekodi nafasi yake ya pili ya filamu, kwenye filamu ambayo bado haijatolewa ya ''Casanova's Demise'' ya mwongozaji [[Tigre Hill]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/dan_gross/20070124_Dan_Gross____Judge_Alex__takes_case_.html |title=Dan Gross &#124; 'Judge Alex' takes case |work=Philadelphia Daily News |date=January 24, 2007 |access-date=April 13, 2012}}</ref> Pia mwaka huu, alishirikiana na kundi la Hip-Hop la PYG'z na Yuck Mouth kwenye wimbo "Been Around the World" kwa ajili ya albamu ya kwanza ya kundi hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B00006JOFO/ref=tmm_fbs_acd_title_0?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1588613059&amp;sr=8-1|title = It's a Beautiful Thang|website = Amazon}}</ref> == Diskografia == {{Main|Diskografia ya Adina Howard}} ;Albamu za studio * ''[[Do You Wanna Ride?]]'' (1995) * ''[[The Second Coming (albamu ya Adina Howard)|The Second Coming]]'' (2004) * ''[[Private Show (albamu)|Private Show]]'' (2007) * ''[[Resurrection (albamu ya Adina Howard)|Resurrection]]'' (2017) * ''[[Welcome to Fantasy Island]]'' (2021) == Filamu == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Wahusika ! Maelezo |- | 1998 | ''[[High Freakquency]]'' | Mtumbuizaji | |- | 2008 | ''Poke the Sleeping Bear'' | Rolanda | |- | 2018 | ''Relaxer'' | Arin | |- | 2015 | ''False Profits'' | D'borah Byrd-Harvis | |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Wahusika ! Maelezo |- | 1995 | ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' | Mwenyewe | Sehemu: "Episode 32.18" |- | 1999 | ''Ultra Sound'' | Mwenyewe | Sehemu: "One Hit Wonders" |- |rowspan="2"| 2013 | ''Life After'' | Mwenyewe | Sehemu: "Adina Howard: Life After Freak Like Me" |- | ''[[Unsung (mfululizo wa TV)|Unsung]]'' | Mwenyewe | Sehemu: "CeCe Peniston" |- | 2019 | ''[[Unsung (mfululizo wa TV)|Unsung]]'' | Mwenyewe | Sehemu: "Adina Howard" |} === Video ya muziki === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Msanii ! Wahusika |- | 1995 | "[[Temptations (wimbo)|Temptations]]" | [[2Pac]] | Ice Girl |} === Makala mjongeo (Documentary) === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Maelezo |- | 2013 | ''Bone Thugs-n-Harmony: From Cleveland to the World'' | |- | 2015 | ''Adina Howard 20: A Story of Sexual Liberation'' | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/116270263 |title=ADINA HOWARD 20: A STORY OF SEXUAL LIBERATION (FULL DOCUMENTARY) on Vimeo |via=Vimeo |date=January 8, 2015 |access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''A Fatherless America'' | |} === Michezo ya jukwaani (Stage) === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Wahusika ! Maelezo |- | 2004 | ''A Man of God'' | Sarah<ref>{{cite AV media |date=March 20, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVwG2_0gfcY |title=A Man of God (Gospel Stageplay) |publisher=Inkwell Pictures |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902013327/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVwG2_0gfcY&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | Onyesho la kwanza jukwaani |- | 2014 | ''Do You Trust Your Best Friend'' | Olivia | Awali ilipangwa acheze kama April<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doyoutrustyourbestfriend.com/#!adina-howard/c931 |title=Do You Trust Your Best Friend? |access-date=September 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908223212/http://www.doyoutrustyourbestfriend.com/ |archive-date=September 8, 2014 }}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''For All My Girls'' | Candice | Tamasha la muziki (Musical) |- | 2020 | ''Miss Dee's Kitchen'' | TBA | Ilichelewa kutokana na COVID-19 |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Portal|Biography}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb name|id=1683787|name=Adina Howard}} {{Adina Howard|state=expanded}} {{BD|1973}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, Adina}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 5xibp1ffq5l3sx3lr6vao5b8ijdrtxr 0 233031 1545743 1539168 2026-05-18T18:37:54Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Adina_Howard.webp|Adina_Howard.webp]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ziv|Ziv]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: World Entertainment News Network [https://www.alamy.com/3rd-annual-city-of-angels-bet-experience-w 1545743 wikitext text/x-wiki Mwimbaji wa R&B wa Marekani [[Adina Howard]] ametoa [[albamu ya studio|albamu za studio]] tano, [[Single (muziki)|single]] kumi na nne na [[Muziki wa video|video za muziki]] kumi. == Albamu za studio == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Maelezo ya albamu ! scope="col" colspan="2"| Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| [[Tuzo za mauzo ya muziki|Tuzo]] |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]] ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums|US R&B]] |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Do You Wanna Ride?]]'' | * Imetolewa: Februari 28, 1995 * Lebo: Mecca Don/EastWest Records * Mfumo: CD, [[kaseti]], upakuaji wa kidijitali | style="text-align:center;"|39 | style="text-align:center;"|7 | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=adina+howard#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum – RIAA|website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Welcome to Fantasy Island]]'' | * Imetolewa: Julai 29, 1997 (Iliwekwa kando)<br />Februari 19, 2021 (Kidijitali) * Lebo: Elektra Records/Rhino Records * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | colspan="4" {{N/A|TBR}} |- ! scope="row"| ''[[The Second Coming (albamu ya Adina Howard)|The Second Coming]]'' | * Imetolewa: Aprili 6, 2004 * Lebo: Rufftown Records * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | — | style="text-align:center;"|61 | |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Private Show (albamu)|Private Show]]'' | * Imetolewa: Juni 26, 2007 * Lebo: Arsenal Records * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Resurrection (albamu ya Adina Howard)|Resurrection]]'' | * Imetolewa: Aprili 14, 2017<br />Machi 9, 2018 (Toleo la marudio) * Lebo: Indelible Enterprises * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |} === EP === * 2017: ''Freaky'' === Mixtape === * 2005: ''Let You Hit'' * 2013: ''Welcome to Fantasy Island'' * 2016: ''The Official "Resurrection" Mixtape Starring Adina Howard'' == Single == {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align:left;"|Mwaka ! style="text-align:left;"|Jina ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B]] ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book| first= David| last= Roberts | year= 2006 | title= British Hit Singles & Albums | edition= 19th | publisher= Guinness World Records Limited | location= London | isbn= 1-904994-10-5 | page= 261}}</ref> ! style="text-align:left;"|Albamu ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| Tuzo |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|1995 | style="text-align:left;"|"[[Freak like Me]]" | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 33 |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | ''Do You Wanna Ride?'' |RIAA: Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gold & Platinum: Adina Howard|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=ADINA+HOWARD&ti=FREAK+LIKE+Me&lab=&genre=&format=&date_option=release&from=&to=&award=&type=&category=&adv=SEARCH#search_section|website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left; "|"My Up and Down" | style="text-align:center;"| 68 | style="text-align:center;"| 32 | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:left; "|"It's All About You" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| 58 | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|1997 | style="text-align:left;"|"[[(Freak) And U Know It]]" | style="text-align:center;"| 70 | style="text-align:center;"| 32 | style="text-align:center;"| — |style="text-align:center;"| ''Welcome to Fantasy Island'' | |- | style="text-align:left;"|"[[T-Shirt & Panties]]" <small>(pamoja na [[Jamie Foxx]])</small> | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |style="text-align:center;"| Soundtrack ya ''Woo'' | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2003 | style="text-align:left;"|"Nasty Grind" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| 95 | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| ''The Second Coming'' | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2007 | style="text-align:left;"|"L.O.V.A." | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ''Private Show'' | |- | style="text-align:left; "|"Hips" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2013 | style="text-align:left;"|"Switch" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |rowspan="2" {{N/A|Single zisizo za albamu}} | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2015 | style="text-align:left;"|"Bad 4 Me" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2017 | style="text-align:left;"|"Blasphemy" <small>(akimshirikisha King Gas)</small> | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |''Resurrection'' | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2018 | style="text-align:left;"|"Nasty" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2020 | style="text-align:left;"|"Mind Reader" <small>(pamoja na Opolopo)</small> | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |rowspan="4" {{N/A|Single zisizo za albamu}} | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2022 | style="text-align:left;"|"Keep Lookin" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2024 | style="text-align:left;"|"Time Will Tell" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |- | style="text-align:center;"|2025 | style="text-align:left;"|"I Overstand" | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — | |} === Kama msanii aliyeshirikishwa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single kama msanii mkuu, zikionyesha chati na tuzo, mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Tuzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US<br />R&B]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US<br />Rap]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]] ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br /><ref name="FRA">{{cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Warren+G |title=Discografie Warren G |work=lescharts.com |publisher=Hung Medien |access-date=September 22, 2012 |language=fr }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br /><ref name="GERsin">{{cite web | url=http://www.officialcharts.de/suche.asp?search=Warren+G&x=0&y=0&country=de&kategorie=single | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141018162139/http://www.officialcharts.de/suche.asp?search=Warren+G&x=0&y=0&country=de&kategorie=single | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 18, 2014 | title=Warren G (Single) | work=charts.de | publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] | access-date=September 22, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref name="SWE">{{cite web | url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Warren+G | title=Discography Warren G | work=swedishcharts.com | publisher=Hung Medien | access-date=September 22, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="SWI">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Warren+G | title=Discographie Warren G | work=hitparade.ch | publisher=Hung Medien | access-date=September 22, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]] |- ! scope="row"| "[[What's Love Got to Do with It (wimbo wa Warren G)|What's Love Got to Do with It]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Warren G]])</span> | 1996 | 32 || 36 || 5 || 2 || 9 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 6 || 2 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="kentreport">{{cite book | title=Australian Chart Book 1993–2005 | last=Kent | first=David | author-link=David Kent (historian) | publisher=Australian Chart Book | location=[[St Ives, New South Wales|St Ives]], N.S.W. | year=2006 | isbn=0-646-45889-2| title-link=Kent Music Report }}</ref> * BPI: Gold * BVMI: Gold | [[Supercop (soundtrack)|Soundtrack ya ''Supercop'']] |- ! scope="row"| "Chocolate (Cuties & Condoms)"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na Cydal)</span> | 1997 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | Soundtrack ya ''Bulletproof''/''Cydalwayz'' |- ! scope="row"| "Freaks"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Play-n-Skillz]] akimshirikisha [[Krayzie Bone]])</span> | 2004 | 69 || 52 || 24 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | ''[[The Process (albamu ya Play-N-Skillz)|The Process]]'' |} === Filamu za video === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col"| Mwaka ! scope="col"| Jina ! scope="col"| Mwongozaji |- | rowspan="4"| 1995 ! scope="row"| "Freak Like Me" | Hype Williams |- ! scope="row"| "Freak Like Me (Slow Wind Remix)" | |- ! scope="row"| "My Up and Down" | Marty Callner |- ! scope="row"| "It's All About You" | ABoyNamedFuture |- | 1996 ! scope="row"| "What's Love Got to Do with It?"<small> (pamoja na [[Warren G]])</small> | Joseph Kahn |- | 1997 ! scope="row"| "(Freak) And U Know It" | Francis Lawrence |- | 2003 ! scope="row"| "Nasty Grind" | |- | 2017 ! scope="row"| "Blasphemy" | Nikki Allen |- | 2020 ! scope="row"| "Mind Reader (Video ya mashairi)" | |- | 2022 ! scope="row"| "Keep Lookin'" | Dre Paiid |- | 2025 ! scope="row"| "Time Will Tell" | Jamezz Hampton |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Adina Howard}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, Adina}} [[Jamii:Diskografia|Adina Howard]] lv153uj5u3skuo1fqbz5xwa7513ct8a 0 233036 1545698 1538896 2026-05-18T17:34:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amy Louise Daniels''' (26 Julai 1875 – 31 Januari 1965) alikuwa mtafiti wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] katika University of Iowa, aliyejulikana kwa kazi zake kuhusu lishe na afya, hasa kwa watoto. == Elimu na kazi == Daniels alizaliwa katika jimbo la Massachusetts tarehe 26 Julai 1875.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Women Who Made a Difference |url=[https://historicexhibits.lib.iastate.edu/Seeds/women.htm](https://historicexhibits.lib.iastate.edu/Seeds/women.htm) |access-date=1 Juni 2025 |website=Iowa State University }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alipata shahada yake ya kwanza kutoka [[Columbia University]] mwaka 1906.<ref>{{Cite book |url=[https://dn790004.ca.archive.org/0/items/alumngraduates00yalerich/alumngraduates00yalerich.pdf](https://dn790004.ca.archive.org/0/items/alumngraduates00yalerich/alumngraduates00yalerich.pdf) |title=Alumnæ, Graduate School, Yale University, 1894–1920 |date=1920 |publisher=Yale University |pages=64–65 |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1912 alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika biokemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Yale.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1912 |title=Doctorates Conferred by American Universities |journal=Science |volume=36 |issue=918 |pages=129–139 |doi=10.1126/science.36.918.129 |jstor=1638758 |pmid=17774453 |bibcode=1912Sci....36..129. |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Pia alisoma katika Massachusetts Institute of Technology<ref name=":0" /> na [[Harvard University]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |date=1966 |title=Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Nutrition |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=101–114 |doi=10.1093/jn/90.1.101 |issn=0022-3166}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=17 Januari 1959 |title=Women's Who's Who Lists Residents |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-womens-whos-wh/173588382/](https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-womens-whos-wh/173588382/) |access-date=1 Juni 2025 |work=Iowa City Press-Citizen |pages=5}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1875|1965}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3irrdgtryb95h9j31nfcbsaivfvfiga 0 233071 1545659 1538956 2026-05-18T15:41:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes C. Higgins''' (née Quamme; 1911 – 27 Agosti 1985) alikuwa mtaalamu wa lishe kutoka [[Canada]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Montreal Diet Dispensary, nafasi aliyoshika kuanzia 1959 hadi 1981.<ref>[[http://www.dispensaire.ca/en/about-us/history/](http://www.dispensaire.ca/en/about-us/history/){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}], Montreal Diet Dispensary history.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuendeleza “Higgins Method,” mbinu ya kusaidia wajawazito kuboresha lishe yao ili kupunguza hatari ya watoto kuzaliwa na uzito mdogo, na hivyo kuongeza uwezekano wa watoto kukua wakiwa na afya bora.<ref>[[http://www.centraide-mtl.org/en/agencies/the-solidaires-awards/who-were-they/](http://www.centraide-mtl.org/en/agencies/the-solidaires-awards/who-were-they/)], Centraide: Who were they? Agnes C. Higgins</ref><ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=oJYrAAAAYAAJ&q=agnes+higgins](https://books.google.com/books?id=oJYrAAAAYAAJ&q=agnes+higgins)], Nutritional Supplementation and the Outcome of Pregnancy (Montreal Diet Dispensary Study, p. 93)</ref><ref>[[http://library.med.utah.edu/nmw/Tutorial4/higgins.html](http://library.med.utah.edu/nmw/Tutorial4/higgins.html){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}], University of Utah: The Higgins Method of Nutritional Rehabilitation During Pregnancy</ref> Shirika la United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) liliathiriwa na kazi yake na lilichunguza mbinu zake katika Dispensary, jambo lililochangia kuundwa kwa mpango wa WIC program.<ref>[[https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws.upl/nwica.org/2014evolutionfoodpackages_batholomew_mitchell.pdf](https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws.upl/nwica.org/2014evolutionfoodpackages_batholomew_mitchell.pdf)], History and Changes in the WIC program</ref> Kabla ya kufanya kazi katika Montreal Diet Dispensary, Higgins alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya Betty Crocker na alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake waliokuwa wakijibu barua zilizotumwa kwa jina la Miss Betty Crocker.<ref>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=867QCwAAQBAJ&dq=agnes+higgins+betty+crocker&pg=PA116](https://books.google.com/books?id=867QCwAAQBAJ&dq=agnes+higgins+betty+crocker&pg=PA116)], How Canadians Communicate VI: Food Promotion, Consumption, and Controversy, p. 116</ref> Jina lake limejumuishwa katika orodha ya Typonym’Elles, inayotambua wanawake wenye mchango wa kihistoria ambao majina yao hutumika katika kutaja maeneo na alama za jiji la Montreal.<ref>[[http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=1560,11245605&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL](http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=1560,11245605&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL)], Typonym’Elles: Montréal au féminin</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 0s422kytexsfpn0rp55l3xae3v4dovj 0 233075 1546075 1538963 2026-05-19T09:21:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gina Keatley''' (alizaliwa 9 Machi 1980) ni msanii, msimamizi wa sanaa (curator), na mtu wa vyombo vya habari kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa Bushwick Gallery huko Brooklyn, New York, jumba la sanaa linalofanya kazi kwa miadi maalum na ambalo huangazia kazi zake za sanaa za mtindo wa abstract expressionism pamoja na kazi za wasanii wa kisasa kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Mtazamo wake wa kisanii unasisitiza ubunifu hatarishi, maudhui yanayoongozwa na mawazo (concept-driven), na kutoa nafasi kwa wasanii kufanya kazi nje ya mipaka ya kawaida. Pia Keatley anajulikana kwa kazi yake ya awali kama mtaalamu wa lishe na mtangazaji wa televisheni, ambapo alijipatia sifa kwa programu zinazohusu chakula na mbinu bunifu za mawasiliano kuhusu afya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: Gina Keatley|url=[https://www.artistcloseup.com/blog/interview-gina-keatleyutm|website=Artist](https://www.artistcloseup.com/blog/interview-gina-keatleyutm|website=Artist) CloseUp|date=2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, alitunukiwa tuzo ya Community Leadership Award kutoka President's Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition kwa mchango wake katika afya ya umma.<ref>{{cite web |last1=President’s Council on Sports |first1=Fitness & Nutrition |title=PCSFN Community Leadership Award |url=[https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/programs-and-awards/council-awards/pcsfn-community-leadership-award/index.html](https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/programs-and-awards/council-awards/pcsfn-community-leadership-award/index.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181030014926/https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/programs-and-awards/council-awards/pcsfn-community-leadership-award/index.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20181030014926/https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/programs-and-awards/council-awards/pcsfn-community-leadership-award/index.html) |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] e2w8zpv50tfinou6e1wnomarmol9we3 0 233088 1545836 1539001 2026-05-19T00:06:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Choi Jeonghwa''' (Kikorea: 최정화; alizaliwa mwaka [[1961]]) ni msanii na mbunifu kutoka [[Korea Kusini|South Korea]]. Kazi zake zinajumuisha usanifu wa maonyesho makubwa (large-scale installations) na sanaa ya umma, ambapo mara nyingi hutumia vifaa vya kawaida vya kila siku, bidhaa za matumizi ya watu, pamoja na vitu vilivyotumika tena (recycled objects).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://happy.designhouse.co.kr/magazine/magazine_view/00010005/4870|script-title=ko:최정화 작가 당신 마음이 유일무이한 답이다|publisher=happy design house magazine|access-date=31 October 2025|archive-date=2024-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816020556/https://happy.designhouse.co.kr/magazine/magazine_view/00010005/4870|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amefanya kazi katika nyanja mbalimbali ikiwemo sanaa za kuona, ubunifu wa michoro (graphic design), ubunifu wa viwanda (industrial design), na usanifu majengo (architecture). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] 18i2bf9v5hwpnocsuxpnctfpl0c09n4 0 233098 1545805 1539027 2026-05-18T22:56:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Maher''' ({{|ar|كارولين ماهر}}) ni mbunge wa [[Misri]]. Pia ni mchezaji wa mchezo wa taekwondo.<ref>{{cite web | url=[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/164/179843/Egypt/Egypt-Elections-/-MPs-appointed-by-Egypts-Sisi-to-new-parliament-Wh.aspx](http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/164/179843/Egypt/Egypt-Elections-/-MPs-appointed-by-Egypts-Sisi-to-new-parliament-Wh.aspx) | title=28 MPs appointed by Egypt's Sisi to new parliament: Who's who | publisher=Ahram Org | date=31 Desemba 2015 | access-date=11 Novemba 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://dailynewsegypt.com/2018/10/08/meet-caroline-maher-first-arab-woman-mp-inducted-into-taekwondo-hall-of-fame/](https://dailynewsegypt.com/2018/10/08/meet-caroline-maher-first-arab-woman-mp-inducted-into-taekwondo-hall-of-fame/) | title=Meet Caroline Maher: first Arab woman MP inducted into Taekwondo Hall of Fame | publisher=Daily News Egypt | work=Tamer Farhat | date=8 Oktoba 2018 | access-date=11 Novemba 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2018/02/06/From-a-world-champion-to-youngest-member-of-Egyptian-Parliament.html](https://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2018/02/06/From-a-world-champion-to-youngest-member-of-Egyptian-Parliament.html) | title=Caroline Maher: From Taekwondo champion to youngest Egyptian MP | publisher=Al Arabiya English | date=6 Februari 2018 | access-date=11 Novemba 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] 8s6qv2rbk7zm6jw4n1wuntjv1uetttk 0 233101 1546171 1539032 2026-05-19T11:02:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hany Mahmoud''' ({{|ar|هاني محمود}}) ni mhandisi wa [[Misri]] na aliyekuwa waziri wa mawasiliano na teknolojia ya habari wa Misri ambaye alihudumu kwa muda mfupi katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Qandil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18675490](https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18675490) |title=Hany Mahmoud |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=9 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/3163/Former-ICT-minister-Hany-Mahmoud-appointed-CEO-of-ValU](https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/3163/Former-ICT-minister-Hany-Mahmoud-appointed-CEO-of-ValU) |title=Former ICT minister Hany Mahmoud appointed CEO of ValU |publisher=Egypt Today |date=30 Mei 2017 |access-date=9 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] nvli0pw0tbp74i1edz72do19j3nss9s 0 233112 1545662 1539052 2026-05-18T15:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Emad El-Din Radi''' ({{|ar|أحمد عماد الدين راضي}}; 8 Juni 1955 – 5 Juni 2023) alikuwa daktari na mwanasiasa wa [[Misri]]. Alifanya kazi kama Waziri wa Afya wa Misri kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 Juni 2023 |title=وفاة الدكتور أحمد عماد الدين راضى وزير الصحة الأسبق |url=[https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/6/5/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82/6203662](https://www.youm7.com/story/2023/6/5/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82/6203662) |language=Kiarabu |work=Youm7 |access-date=16 Juni 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/124674/Former-Health-Minister-Ahmed-Emad-El-Din-Radi-passes-away](https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/124674/Former-Health-Minister-Ahmed-Emad-El-Din-Radi-passes-away) |title=Former Health Minister Ahmed Emad El-Din Radi passes away |publisher=Egypt Today |date=5 Juni 2023 |access-date=9 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|2023}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] qdrzk6tsbbiqp93spg3hnvn5y4y6wiv 0 233120 1546162 1539179 2026-05-19T10:48:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hala Helmy el-Said''' ({{|ar|هالة حلمي السعيد}}; amezaliwa 19 Mei 1957) ni mshauri wa masuala ya uchumi wa Rais wa [[Misr, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, na aliyekuwa Waziri wa Mipango na Maendeleo ya Uchumi wa Misri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=رئاسة مجلس الوزراء |url=[https://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Hierarchy/Profile/25](https://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Hierarchy/Profile/25) |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=[www.cabinet.gov.eg](http://www.cabinet.gov.eg) }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Chairman |url=[http://www.nib.gov.eg/English/BOARD-E/chairman-e.html](http://www.nib.gov.eg/English/BOARD-E/chairman-e.html) |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=[www.nib.gov.eg](http://www.nib.gov.eg) }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=StackPath |url=[https://dailynewsegypt.com/2019/12/23/hala-el-said-frontierswoman-of-egypt-vision-2030/](https://dailynewsegypt.com/2019/12/23/hala-el-said-frontierswoman-of-egypt-vision-2030/) |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=dailynewsegypt.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] 97js3cqsej4id1szeocbcceer96397d 0 233125 1546064 1539071 2026-05-19T09:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgette Sobhi Kaliny''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Misri]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa [[Bunge la Afrika]] akiuwakilisha [[Misri]] na pia mwanachama wa Bunge la Misri.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.pan-africanparliament.org/AboutPAP_PAPMemberCountries.aspx](http://www.pan-africanparliament.org/AboutPAP_PAPMemberCountries.aspx) |title=PAP Member Countries |accessdate=17 Februari 2023 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312084541/http://www.pan-africanparliament.org/AboutPAP_PAPMemberCountries.aspx](https://web.archive.org/web/20080312084541/http://www.pan-africanparliament.org/AboutPAP_PAPMemberCountries.aspx) |archivedate=12 Machi 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/page/35/?mapcountry=all&mapgroup=all](https://www.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/page/35/?mapcountry=all&mapgroup=all) |title=All individual signatories |website=UNPA Campaign |access-date=17 Februari 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] ntl2o2kizh79ebz1azgbya8oaw1aecd 0 233126 1545756 1539073 2026-05-18T19:08:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashraf Sobhy''' ({{|ar|أشرف صبحي}}; amezaliwa 14 Aprili 1968) ni Waziri wa Vijana na Michezo wa [[Misri]] na profesa katika Idara ya Michezo ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Helwan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=السيرة الذاتية لأشرف صبحي وزير الرياضة في عيد ميلاده الـ52 |url=[https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/709169/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%8452](https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/709169/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%8452) |access-date=3 Aprili 2022 |website=sport.elwatannews.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashraf Sobhy - EgyptToday |url=[https://www.egypttoday.com/Tag/54496/Ashraf-Sobhy](https://www.egypttoday.com/Tag/54496/Ashraf-Sobhy) |access-date=3 Aprili 2022 |website=[www.egypttoday.com](http://www.egypttoday.com) }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ناصف |first=رفيق محمد |date=24 Septemba 2021 |title=وزير الشباب والرياضة يناقش رسالة ماجستير بجامعة طنطا |url=[https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/5710507](https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/5710507) |access-date=3 Aprili 2022 |website=الوطن |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=إصابة الدكتور أشرف صبحي بفيروس كورونا {{!}} المصري اليوم |url=[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2506915](https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2506915) |access-date=3 Aprili 2022 |website=[www.almasryalyoum.com](http://www.almasryalyoum.com) |language=ar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] iqutinp1qwngl1nx1t69ugya0srnw8q 0 233171 1546183 1539208 2026-05-19T11:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Younes''' (amezaliwa 21 Februari 1943) ni mhandisi na mwanasiasa wa [[Misri]] ambaye alikuwa Waziri wa Umeme na Nishati kwa muda mrefu. Alifanya kazi katika kipindi cha utawala wa Hosni Mubarak na pia katika serikali mbili za mpito baada ya kuondoka kwa Mubarak madarakani.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/1841876](https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/1841876) |title=Hassan Younes |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=9 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.egyptindependent.com/cabinet-reshuffle-includes-11-new-ministers/](https://www.egyptindependent.com/cabinet-reshuffle-includes-11-new-ministers/) |title=Cabinet reshuffle includes 11 new ministers |publisher=Egypt Independent |date=17 Julai 2011 |access-date=9 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] 5me7jw4s26i9wfvok8antos56nsjy8q 0 233175 1546013 1539287 2026-05-19T07:46:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flemmie Pansy Kittrell''' (25 Desemba 1904 – 3 Oktoba 1980) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] mwenye asili ya Afrika kupata Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika sayansi ya uchumi wa nyumbani.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Horrocks |first=Allison B. |date=2016-05-06 |title=Good Will Ambassador with a Cookbook: Flemmie Kittrell and the International Politics of Home Economics |url=[https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7325&context=dissertations](https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7325&context=dissertations) |journal=University of Connecticut Graduate School}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Flemmie Kittrell and the Preschool Experiment |url=[https://www.lostwomenofscience.org/podcast-episodes/flemmie-kittrell-and-the-preschool-experiment](https://www.lostwomenofscience.org/podcast-episodes/flemmie-kittrell-and-the-preschool-experiment) |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=[www.lostwomenofscience.org](http://www.lostwomenofscience.org) |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> PhD yake ilijikita katika afua za lishe zilizolenga kupunguza vifo vya watu weusi katika miaka ya 1930, na pia alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mwenye asili ya Afrika kupata PhD kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell.<ref name=":1" /> Kittrell alibadilisha kwa kiasi kikubwa taaluma ya uchumi wa nyumbani nchini [[Marekani]] na kimataifa kupitia utafiti na programu zilizolenga lishe ya watu wazima, mbinu za ulishaji watoto weusi wachanga, na umuhimu wa elimu ya awali (preschool) kwa watoto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Flemmie Pansy Kittrell: Hero in the history of home economics |url=[https://extension.umn.edu/family-news/flemmie-pansy-kittrell-hero-history-home-economics](https://extension.umn.edu/family-news/flemmie-pansy-kittrell-hero-history-home-economics) |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=extension.umn.edu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Kazi yake ilisaidia kuweka msingi wa mpango wa kitaifa wa Head Start, unaotoa elimu ya awali, huduma za afya na lishe kwa watoto na familia zenye kipato cha chini nchini Marekani.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Aidha, Kittrell alihudumu kama mjumbe wa kimataifa, akitumia ujuzi wa uchumi wa nyumbani kushughulikia utapiamlo na umaskini duniani.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last1=Wells |first1=Brandy Thomas |date=22 Februari 2023 |title=Globetrotting Black nutritionist Flemmie P. Kittrell revolutionized early childhood education and illuminated 'hidden hunger' |url=[https://theconversation.com/globetrotting-black-nutritionist-flemmie-p-kittrell-revolutionized-early-childhood-education-and-illuminated-hidden-hunger-196345](https://theconversation.com/globetrotting-black-nutritionist-flemmie-p-kittrell-revolutionized-early-childhood-education-and-illuminated-hidden-hunger-196345) |access-date=25 Januari 2025 |work=The Conversation}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=Wells |first=Brandy Thomas |title=12 I Think of Myself as an International Citizen: Flemmie P. Kittrell's Internationalist Ideology |date=2022-08-11 |work=Ideology in U.S. Foreign Relations: New Histories |pages=246–261 |editor-last=Nichols |editor-first=Christopher McKnight |url=[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7312/nich20180-013/html?srsltid=AfmBOoo2aIDHn9UtjV63zZN6WL9UvbPM_WtKst7Kqe3UkQkjmVzKEG3q](https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7312/nich20180-013/html?srsltid=AfmBOoo2aIDHn9UtjV63zZN6WL9UvbPM_WtKst7Kqe3UkQkjmVzKEG3q) |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=Columbia University Press |language=en |doi=10.7312/nich20180-013 |isbn=978-0-231-55427-5 |editor2-last=Milne |editor2-first=David}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] oy0z3jxpm8dzuu60u8ym8o6e3izchdz 0 233474 1545823 1540206 2026-05-18T23:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chernor Ramadan Maju Bah''' (alizaliwa Aprili 29, 1972), anayejulikana pia kwa jina la utani Chericoco, ni mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye kwa sasa ni kiongozi wa upinzani tangu mwaka 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political maturity never seen before! {{!}} Sierra Leone News Hunters|url=http://www.sierraleonenewshunters.com/content/political-maturity-never-seen|work=www.sierraleonenewshunters.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101755/http://www.sierraleonenewshunters.com/content/political-maturity-never-seen|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Chernor Bah Raps With Fullah Community|url=http://www.thetorchlight.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4164:hon-chernor-bah-raps-with-fullah-community&catid=36:local-news&Itemid=27|work=www.thetorchlight.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-gb|author=Administrator}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] pbeztn9efx5hixg7yj8nwj82vq0kwcz 0 233498 1545925 1539911 2026-05-19T05:12:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545925 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edmond K. Cowan''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1937) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Alikuwa Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi 2007. Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanasheria wa malalamiko ya umma (Ombudsman) wa nchi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard|archive-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065941/http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> s3znrjducfsukbmkg5w16ieh7jqp3xd 0 233528 1545690 1540216 2026-05-18T17:22:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amice Calverley''' ([[9 Aprili]] [[1896]] – [[10 Aprili]] [[1959]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa akiolojia ya Misri (Egyptologist) aliyezaliwa nchini Ufalme wa Muungano na baadaye kuhusishwa na [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kurekodi na kuchapisha michoro na mapambo ya hekalu la Seti I huko Abydos nchini Misri. Wakati na baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], alijihusisha na kazi za kibinadamu, hasa katika Crete ambako alihudumia majeruhi mstari wa mbele wa vita na kurekodi matukio ya vita kwa filamu. Baadaye alitumia filamu hizo kutafuta msaada kwa watu waliopata ulemavu kutokana na vita. Mbali na kazi zake za akiolojia na misaada ya kibinadamu, Calverley pia alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki, akiandika kazi mbalimbali za muziki wa chamber na orchestra, ikiwemo ''String Quartet in F minor'' na ''Variations on a Harmonic Theme''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Evison|first1=Fiona|title=Spring 2021 Journal|url=https://acwc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ACWC_AFCC-Spring-2021-rev..pdf|publisher=Association of Canadian Women Composers|access-date=20 March 2022|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107020106/https://acwc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ACWC_AFCC-Spring-2021-rev..pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Fahn|first1=Eric D.|last2=Munarriz|first2=Alberto J.|title=Program Notes|url=https://oakvillechamber.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/program_notes_mar_2017.pdf|publisher=Oakville Chamber Orchestra|access-date=20 March 2022|archive-date=2023-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402220537/https://oakvillechamber.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/program_notes_mar_2017.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1896]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1959]] [[Jamii:wanaakiolojia wa Kanada]] 18k5w8mm11dktlhv8zm4vg15ztyek02 0 233843 1545768 1540606 2026-05-18T20:07:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Banja Tejan-Sie''' GCMG (7 Agosti 1917 – 8 Agosti 2000) alikuwa Gavana Mkuu wa [[Sierra Leone]] na mmoja wa "waasisi" wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Alipewa heshima ya kishujaa (knighted) na Malkia kupitia nishani tukufu ya ''The Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George''(GCMG). Tejan-Sie alizaliwa katika Wilaya ya Moyamba (katika Mkoa wa sasa wa Kusini) na baba aliyekuwa kiongozi maarufu wa dini ya Kiislamu na mwanazuoni kutoka kabila la Wafula (Fulah). Tejan-Sie alisoma katika Shule ya Bo na Shule ya Prince of Wales kabla ya kuendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo cha London School of Economics na Lincoln's Inn, ambapo alihitimu na kuanza rasmi kazi ya uwakili mnamo mwaka 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard|archive-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065941/http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 6a85yryj8dteje3r4ark0dgigm4tvqt 0 233859 1546085 1540904 2026-05-19T09:37:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Albert Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 20]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Minnesota]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Glen Taylor |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/glen-taylor/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Taylor alipata utajiri wake kama mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa ''Taylor Corporation'' yenye makao yake Minnesota, moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya mawasiliano ya picha katika [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fiedler |first=Terry |date=April 1, 2014 |title=Glen Taylor: Soul of a billionaire |url=https://www.startribune.com/1998-glen-taylor-profile-soul-of-a-billionaire/253438271/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Star Tribune |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Seneti ya Minnesota na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor, Glen A. - Federal Charter |url=https://coms.doc.gov.bd/public/federal-charter/glen-a-taylor |website=coms.doc.gov.bd |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ls1a4yrht1julzkts2zx3zh5b5tng2s 0 233970 1546195 1542363 2026-05-19T11:37:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston''', GCMG (19 Agosti 1898 – 14 Desemba 1969) alikuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Alikuwa mzawa wa kwanza wa Sierra Leone kuwa Gavana-Jenerali wa nchi hiyo. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kabila la Krio (Creole), ambao ni wazawa wa watumwa walioachwa huru kutoka Nova Scotia, Marekani, na Uingereza waliowasili Freetown kati ya mwaka 1792 na 1855.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard|archive-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065941/http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coin Designs - Bank of Sierra Leone|url=http://www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org/coin_designs.html|work=www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org|accessdate=2026-05-12|archive-date=2017-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222070650/http://www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org/coin_designs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> n2cmh4h8hbp5g4pjqrkjkat1ag7wdtb 0 234118 1545998 1541201 2026-05-19T07:22:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Fatuma Zarika | jina_halisi = Zarika Njeri Kanghete | picha = Fatuma Zarika on Y254 Channel.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Zarika mwaka 2019 | jina_la_utani = Iron Fist | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1985|3|13|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Nairobi, Kenya | utaifa = Kenya | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Nzi *Uzani wa Nzi Mkubwa *Uzani wa Manyoya *Uzani wa Manyoya Mkubwa }} | urefu = sentimita 163 | mikono = sentimita 168 | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | boxrec = 227147 | jumla = 51 | ushindi = 35 | KO = 18 | kupoteza = 14 | sare = 2 | hakuna mashindano = | tovuti = }} '''Zarika Njeri Kanghete''' (amezaliwa 13 Machi 1985), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Fatuma Zarika''', ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]]. Alishikilia taji la dunia la WBC katika '''daraja la uzito wa kuku zaidi''' (''super-bantamweight'') kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2019.<ref name="story">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sportpesanews.com/ke/posts/post/Against-All-Odds--The-Fatuma-Zarika-Story--The-Recap/15915|title=Against All Odds: The Fatuma Zarika Story- The Recap|date=10 September 2018|website=www.sportpesanews.com|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://boxingafrica.com/2020/05/fatuma-zarika-wants-a-rematch-versus-yamileth-mercado/|title=Fatuma Zarika wants a rematch versus Yamileth Mercado/|date=25 May 2020|website=boxingafrica.com|access-date=16 April 2021|archive-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225143859/https://boxingafrica.com/2020/05/fatuma-zarika-wants-a-rematch-versus-yamileth-mercado/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zarika aliweka historia kwa kuwa Mkenya wa kwanza kabisa kushinda taji la dunia la WBC.<ref name="story" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{BD|1985}} [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Kenya]] njkhxm9s1pkedee9pxb1ehgjr9a1y80 0 234501 1545825 1542049 2026-05-18T23:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chiara La Porta''' (alizaliwa 7 Juni 1991) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Fratelli d'Italia]] (Brothers of Italy). == Wasifu na Elimu == La Porta alizaliwa mjini [[Prato]], mkoani [[Tuscany]]. Ana asili ya mji wa Nicosia uliopo [[Sicily]] kupitia familia yake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telenicosia.it/elezioni-chiara-la-porta-di-origini-nicosiane-eletta-alla-camera-dei-deputati/|title=Elezioni. Chiara La Porta di origini nicosiane eletta alla Camera dei Deputati|work=TeleNicosia|date=3 October 2022|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> Alihitimu shahada ya sheria, jambo lililomsaidia kujenga msingi wa harakati zake za kisiasa tangu ujana. == Kazi ya kisiasa == La Porta amekuwa kiongozi muhimu katika harakati za vijana za mrengo wa kulia nchini Italia: * **Uongozi wa Vijana:** Tangu mwaka 2017, alifanya kazi kama Makamu wa Rais wa ''Gioventù Nazionale'' (Vijana wa Kitaifa), ambalo ni tawi la vijana la chama cha Fratelli d'Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/07/12/gioventu-nazionale-rinnova-propri-vertici-toscana-seconda-regione-piu-rappresentata/|title=Gioventù nazionale rinnova i propri vertici, Toscana seconda regione più rappresentata|work=Gonews.it|date=12 July 2017|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> * **Baraza la Wawakilishi:** Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022 akiwa na umri wa miaka 31, alifanya kazi katika Kamati ya IV (Ulinzi) na baadaye Kamati ya VII (Utamaduni na Elimu). * **Baraza la Mkoa wa Tuscany (2025):** Katika uchaguzi wa mkoa wa mwaka 2025, aligombea nafasi ya mjumbe wa Baraza la Mkoa wa [[Tuscany]] katika jimbo la Prato. Alishinda kwa kupata kura 7,963. Kufuatia ushindi huo, alijiuzulu nafasi yake bungeni ili alifanya kazi katika ngazi ya mkoa, na nafasi yake bungeni ilichukuliwa na Irene Gori.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvprato.it/2025/10/elezioni-anche-chiara-la-porta-entra-in-consiglio-regionale/|title=Elezioni, anche Chiara La Porta entra in consiglio regionale|date=14 October 2025|work=TV Prato|access-date=2026-05-13|archive-date=2025-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112052334/https://www.tvprato.it/2025/10/elezioni-anche-chiara-la-porta-entra-in-consiglio-regionale/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gonews.it/2025/10/14/chiara-la-porta-lascia-la-camera-per-il-consiglio-regionale/|title=Chiara La Porta lascia la Camera per il Consiglio regionale|date=14 October 2025|work=Gonews|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake wa kutetea maslahi ya vijana, ulinzi wa familia, na kuimarisha utambulisho wa kitaifa wa Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991||La Porta, Chiara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bgulmj4d8q9pj4h61anu7xyfdy1z5s3 0 234672 1545879 1542583 2026-05-19T02:45:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Mananta''' (alizaliwa [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], tarehe 14 Agosti 1981) ni [[mwigizaji]], mtangazaji, [[VJ]], na [[podikasti|mtayarishaji wa podikasti]] kutoka Indonesia mwenye asili ya Wachina wa Indonesia. Alijulikana zaidi baada ya kushinda shindano la MTV Indonesia VJ Hunt mwaka 2003, jambo lililomfanya afahamike sana kama [[VJ]] Daniel Mananta. Baadaye alijijengea jina kama mburudishaji pamoja na mjasiriamali kijana. == Maisha ya awali == Daniel Mananta alikuwa na utoto wa furaha mjini Jakarta, Indonesia. Alisoma katika shule ya Tarakanita IV iliyopo Pluit, Jakarta Kaskazini, kuanzia shule ya chekechea hadi kumaliza elimu ya sekondari ya chini. Baadaye alihamia [[Perth]], [[Australia]], kuendelea na elimu yake ya sekondari katika Chuo cha Aquinas. Mara chache huzungumzia maisha yake ya utotoni, kwani alihisi kuwa alikuwa na aibu katika mahusiano ya kijamii hadi baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari. Daniel Mananta ana ndugu mmoja wa kiume aitwaye William Mananta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daniel Mananta Official Website|url=http://www.danielmananta.com/|website=www.danielmananta.com|accessdate=2026-05-13|archive-date=2021-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731080452/http://danielmananta.com/|url-status=dead}}](http://www.danielmananta.com|website=www.danielmananta.com}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] d3ih8awtkez9tlog84wkzosycboru83 0 235115 1545959 1543915 2026-05-19T05:53:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elvis Bryson Kafoteka''' (alizaliwa 17 Januari 1978 mjini Lilongwe) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimataifa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Malawi ambaye alistaafu kucheza [[soka]] mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elvis Kafoteka retires from active football {{!}} The Nation Online|date=2014-03-06|url=https://mwnation.com/elvis-kafoteka-retires-from-active-football/|work=The Nation Online|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-14|archive-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429131643/https://mwnation.com/elvis-kafoteka-retires-from-active-football/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Kafoteka alianza maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya CIVO United. Mnamo Januari 2008 alisaini na klabu ya Hong Kong Rangers FC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=香港足球總會|url=https://www2.hkfa.com/en/player_view.php?player_id=7882|work=www2.hkfa.com|accessdate=2026-05-14|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411164010/https://www2.hkfa.com/en/player_view.php?player_id=7882|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya nusu mwaka na kuichezea klabu hiyo, alirejea Malawi na kujiunga na Super ESCOM, ambako alicheza kwa miaka miwili. Mwaka 2010 alihamia Rwanda na kusaini na klabu ya APR FC. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Alikuwa mwanachama wa timu ya [[taifa]] ya Malawi na anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa mabeki wa kulia bora kuwahi kutokea nchini Malawi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] 8kh3fntycicylbay5g6dzkl0unx8ei9 5 235249 1545763 1543450 2026-05-18T19:44:58Z Gayle157 73366 /* Majina kulingana na kamusi */ Jibu 1545763 wikitext text/x-wiki == Majina kulingana na kamusi == Leo jioni nitatuma picha ya majina ya Kiswahili ya nchi katika kamusi ya TUKI ya 2013. Niliona majina kwa Kiswahili. Kuna mengine yalibaki na maumbo yake halisi mengine yalibadilika au Kuswahilishwa kiaina yake. Jioni nitakuja na majibu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 06:42, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Asante, hilo litasaidia sana. Hata hivyo, swali kuu bado lipo. Zamani kidogo ulikosoa au ulipinga matumizi ya majina yaliyoanzishwa na Kamusi. Ningependa kujua msimamo wako wa sasa kuhusu suala hili. :Asante! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:58, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] Kuhusu majina, kuna mzozo au mvutano mkubwa kati ya watalaamu wa Kiswahili na wasemaji. Wasemaji wamegoma kabisa kutumia Kiswahili cha kamusi wanadai hakina uhai. Ni Kiswahili cha maabara. Impractical. Ila sasa, kwa vile hii ni kamusi, ni bora pia turejee kamusi kuuunda kamusi. Unaonaje? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:03, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Kweli kabisa, nakubaliana nawe. Wakati mwingine Kamusi zinaweza kuleta utata, lakini naunga mkono matumizi ya Kamusi pamoja na vyanzo vingine vya kuaminika ili kutatua suala hili. Nasubiri kwa hamu picha hizo za marejeo. :::Asante! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:24, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::Hey @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]], zimepita siku chache. Nimekuwa na shughuli nyingi hivi karibuni, lakini nilitaka kukuuliza kama ulifanikiwa kupata zile picha ulizotakiwa kutuma ili kusaidia kuharakisha mradi. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 19:44, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) l3oqcre006ofi4f4vo66t4jurzke8z7 0 235447 1545652 1543837 2026-05-18T15:24:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adriane Barbosa Nogueira Lopes''' (alizaliwa 29 Juni 1976) ni mwanasiasa, mwanasheria, mwanateolojia, mjasiriamali, na afisa wa zamani wa usalama wa umma nchini [[Brazil]]. Anafanya kazi kama [[Meya wa Campo Grande]] tangu mwaka 2022 na aliweka historia mwaka 2024 kwa kuchaguliwa tena, akawa mwanamke wa kwanza katika historia ya mji huo kuchaguliwa na wananchi kuwa mkuu wa mhimili wa utendaji. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.campogrande.ms.gov.br/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Halmashauri ya Campo Grande] {{Wayback|url=https://www.campogrande.ms.gov.br/ |date=20181010163209 }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976||Lopes, Adriane}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3o6b8e41ac7okjssbp6q2rge4rcarlw 0 235479 1545831 1543896 2026-05-18T23:58:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chiukepo Msowoya''' (alizaliwa 23 Septemba 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Malawi anayekichezea [[klabu]] ya Mighty Wanderers FC pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Malawi. == Kazi ya klabu == Msowoya alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Malawi mwaka 2007 akiwa na mabao 17.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi 2007|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malaw07.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-15}}</ref> Mwaka 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Escom regrets offloading key players, takes Chiukepo on board {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/08/30/escom-regrets-offloading-key-players-takes-chiukepo-on-board/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-15|archive-date=2012-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831053532/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/08/30/escom-regrets-offloading-key-players-takes-chiukepo-on-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref>alijiunga na Platinum Stars kwa mkopo hadi mwisho wa msimu wa 2011/12, kabla ya kurejea Orlando Pirates ambapo baadaye walikubaliana kuachana. Alirejea [[Malawi]] na kujiunga tena na ESCOM United. Mwaka 2014 alisaini Costa do Sol, kisha Januari 2015 akarudi nyumbani kujiunga na Big Bullets.<ref>{{Citation|title=Malawi: Chiukepo Joins Bullets As Sankhani Invalidates His Decision to Quit|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501190985.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] sjs3bb1cmgkobxs3epti8bk3cid5vca 0 235693 1545631 1544678 2026-05-18T14:22:59Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|jina=Taasisi ya Nodiki Afrika|picha=File:Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (The Nordic Africa Institute).jpg|ufupisho=NAI|makaomakuu=Uppsala, Sweden|wavuti=http://www.nai.uu.se/}} '''Taasisi ya Kinodiki Afrika''' (''Nordic Africa Institute'' (NAI)) hutumika kama kituo cha utafiti, hati na pia kituo cha habari juu ya Afrika ya kisasa kwa nchi za Kinodiki. Taasisi hii huendesha utafiti huru, muhimu kwa sera, hutoa uchambuzi na inawasaidia kufanya maamuzi kwa lengo la kuendeleza maarifa ya utafiti wa kisasa wa Afrika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nai.uu.se/about-us.html|title=The Nordic Africa Institute website (About us)}}</ref> Taasisi hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka 1962 na hufadhiliwa kwa pamoja na nchi za Uswidi, [[Ufini]] na [[Isilandi]]. Denmark na Norway pia walikuwa wanachama wa kikundi cha awali cha nchi washirika wa kuanzisha na kufadhili, lakini walijiondoa mwaka 2013 (Denmark) na 2015 (Norway) Kwa upande wa utawala, taasisi hiyo inafanya kazi kama Shirika la serikali la Sweden ambalo linajibu Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje. Makao yake yapo [[Uppsala]]. Taasisi ya Nodiki Afrika ni sehemu ya AEGIS, mtandao wa Vituo vya Utafiti wa Afrika huko Ulaya na iliandaa mkutano wake wa nne wa kimataifa (ECAS) mnamo 2011. Taasisi hiyo inaongozwa na Mkurugenzi, na Baraza la Programu na Utafiti lina jukumu la kufuatilia na kumshauri Mkurugenzi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nai.uu.se/about/council_1/|title=Nordic Africa Institute: The Programme and Research Council}}</ref> Mnamo Julai 18, 2019, serikali ya Sweden ilimteua Therése Sjömander Magnusson kama Mkurugenzi mpya wa NAI, nafasi ambayo aliichukua mnamo Oktoba 1, 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2019/07/ny-direktor-for-nordiska-afrikainstitutet/|title=Pressmeddelande från Utrikesdepartementet, 18 juli 2019: Ny direktör för Nordiska Afrikainstitutet}}</ref> ==Wakurugenzi waliopita wa NAI== Orodha hii kwa kiasi fulani imetokana na ripoti ya Maadhimisho ya Miaka 50 ya Taasisi ya Nodiki Africa mwaka 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nordic Africa Institute|url=https://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:561076|work=nai.diva-portal.org|accessdate=2026-05-16}}</ref> *Iina Soiri (2013-2019) *Carin Norberg (2005-2013) *Lennart Wohlgemuth (1993-2005) *Anders Hjort af Ornäs (1984-1993) *Carl Gösta Widstrand (1962-1984) ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.nai.uu.se/ Tovuti ya Taasisi] *[http://www.aegis-eu.org/ AEGIS, network of African studies centres in Europe], 2003-06-06 *[http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Organizations/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=91376 Taasisi ya Nordic Africa], 4 Aprili 2024 - kupitia Mtandao wa Mahusiano na Usalama wa Kimataifa (maandishi kamili ya machapisho) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:mashirika ya kimataifa]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] fvo91b2eh6da9yeyrmjvjnvvv0zofnj 0 235696 1545973 1544313 2026-05-19T06:26:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545973 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Mtawali''' (anayejulikana pia kama Ernest Chirwali) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Malawi]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Alizaliwa tarehe 10 Oktoba 1966 na anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji bora zaidi kuwahi kutokea Malawi. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake ya soka, Mtawali aliichezea timu ya Hardware Stars nchini Malawi. Baadaye alicheza katika vilabu mbalimbali nchini South Africa kama vile:<ref>{{Citation|title=South Africa to throw out Mtawali|date=2001-05-25|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/1351804.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-16}}</ref> * Bloemfontein Celtic * Mamelodi Sundowns * Orlando Pirates * Ajax Cape Town Pia aliwahi kucheza katika vilabu vya kimataifa kama: * Newell's Old Boys nchini Argentina * Toulouse FC nchini France * Al-Wehda nchini Saudi Arabia Aidha, aliichezea na kuiongoza kama nahodha timu ya taifa ya Malawi kwa miaka kadhaa. Kuna taarifa pia kwamba aliwahi kucheza katika ligi daraja la tatu nchini Italy kwa kutumia jina tofauti ili kukwepa marufuku ya FIFA dhidi ya wachezaji waliocheza nchini Afrika Kusini wakati wa utawala wa ubaguzi wa rangi (Apartheid). Baada ya kustaafu kucheza mpira, Mtawali aliingia kwenye ukocha. Mwezi Juni mwaka 2015 aliteuliwa kuwa kocha wa muda wa timu ya taifa ya Malawi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Malawi hires Ernest Mtawali as caretaker coach: Chimodzi, Chamangwana released|date=2015-06-14|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2015/06/14/malawi-hires-ernest-mtawali-as-caretaker-coach-chimodzi-chamangwana-released/|work=Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-16|archive-date=2015-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615080309/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2015/06/14/malawi-hires-ernest-mtawali-as-caretaker-coach-chimodzi-chamangwana-released/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] t9io5zkbjbunyr3rjfywfhdevg4ay8j 0 235744 1545649 1544487 2026-05-18T15:07:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Achérif Ag Mohamed''' alikuwa mgombea katika uchaguzi wa urais wa [[Mali]] wa mwaka 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Présidentielles 2012 : Achérif Ag Mohamed candidat{{!}} L’ESSOR : Quotidien National d’Information du Mali|url=http://www.essor.ml/politique/article/presidentielles-2012-acherif-ag|work=www.essor.ml|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=fr-FR|author=OXADEL NETWORKS|archive-date=2011-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129005136/http://www.essor.ml/politique/article/presidentielles-2012-acherif-ag|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliteuliwa na chama cha National Union for Labor and Development. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hizisurvl7gqnlz20evaa5ib74ibqhh 0 235755 1546163 1544548 2026-05-19T10:50:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamadou Konaté''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Mali]] ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Umoja wa Kitaifa na Utekelezaji wa Misaada ya Kibinadamu. Ameolewa na Suzanne Konaté Maïga, ambaye ni msimamizi wa afya ya umma na pia aliwahi kuwa Katibu wa Nchi anayehusika na Hifadhi ya Jamii na Uendelezaji wa Wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ML.html|work=www.cia.gov|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826193236/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ML.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0vvnw9olj0qvk97s5ouvn8mhvtq29d0 0 235758 1545688 1544506 2026-05-18T17:14:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amadou Koïta''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Mali. Anajulikana kwa kuhudumu serikalini kama Waziri wa Vijana na Ujenzi wa Uraia (Youth and Citizenship), na pia ni kiongozi wa chama cha kisiasa cha PS Yeleen Kura nchini Mali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ML.html|work=www.cia.gov|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826193236/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ML.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oiioz4qtgfhe712m580mcgxhl817aic 0 235766 1545760 1544515 2026-05-18T19:20:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Atusaye Nyondo''' (amezaliwa tar 15 Novemba 1990) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa Malawi ambaye anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. == Maisha ya Soka Kwenye Klabu == Nyondo alianza safari yake ya soka katika klabu ya Silver Strikers ya nchini Malawi na baadaye alisaini mkataba na klabu ya Carara Kicks inayoshiriki Ligi ya Daraja la Kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini mnamo tarehe 6 Agosti 2009. Alidumu kwa msimu miwili katika klabu hiyo ya Kicks, ambapo alimaliza msimu wa 2010–11 akiwa mfungaji bora wa ligi hiyo baada ya kupachika mabao 15. Baadaye, Nyondo alitolewa kwa mkopo kwenda [[klabu]] ya Pretoria University akitokea Supersport United kwa ajili ya msimu wa 2013-14, na baada ya muda wa mkopo kukamilika, alihamia hapo jumla kwa mkataba wa kudumu. Mnamo Februari 2019, Nyondo alijiunga na klabu ya Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila F.C. (TTM) kwa mkataba wa mwaka mmoja na nusu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atusaye eyes Malawi national team return - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/atusaye-eyes-malawi-national-team-return/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2019-02-17|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mnamo Machi 2019, iliripotiwa kuwa Nyondo alikuwa akipokea Randi 10,000 tu za Afrika Kusini kwa mwezi kutoka kwenye klabu hiyo, kiasi ambacho kilikuwa chini ya nusu ya kile walichokubaliana wakati anasaini mkataba. Nyondo alieleza kuwa yeye na mchezaji mwenzake wa timu ya taifa ya Malawi, Joseph Kamwendo, ndio pekee waliokuwa hawalipwi vizuri huku klabu ikishindwa kutoa maelezo ya kuridhisha zaidi ya kudai kuwa ni masuala ya bajeti. Hali hiyo ilimfanya Nyondo kulazimika kukopa fedha kutoka kwa marafiki na familia yake, na wiki chache baadaye alivunja mkataba wake na klabu hiyo. Mnamo Novemba 2019, Nyondo alitimkia nchini Ethiopia na kusaini mkataba na klabu ya Saint George SC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Standard Bank of South Africa > Orange AFCON, ANGOLA 2010 > Orange AFCON, ANGOLA 2010 tournament > Team by team guide|url=http://afcon.standardbank.com/afcon_2010_teamguide.asp?teamid=37303|work=afcon.standardbank.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|author=TEQUILA\ Johannesburg|archive-date=2011-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123155440/http://afcon.standardbank.com/afcon_2010_teamguide.asp?teamid=37303|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q83uqx3bu5k1jlof3rw7meuvibedpqs 0 235769 1546174 1544550 2026-05-19T11:08:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Nyirenda''' (amezaliwa tar 25 Agosti 1990 mjini Blantyre, [[Malawi]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa Malawi, ambaye kwa sasa anacheza katika [[klabu]] ya Mighty Wanderers FC ya nchini Malawi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Harry Nyirenda (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/32317/Harry_Nyirenda.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Maisha ya Soka Kimataifa == Nyirenda alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya mpira wa miguu ya Malawi mnamo mwaka 2009, na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshiriki mashindano ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika (AFCON) mwaka 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Standard Bank of South Africa > Orange AFCON, ANGOLA 2010 > Orange AFCON, ANGOLA 2010 tournament > Team by team guide|url=http://afcon.standardbank.com/afcon_2010_teamguide.asp?teamid=37303|work=afcon.standardbank.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|author=TEQUILA\ Johannesburg|archive-date=2011-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123155440/http://afcon.standardbank.com/afcon_2010_teamguide.asp?teamid=37303|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9zo21ea1jkbwsnfb2e2uvfye3r73wdm 0 235785 1546193 1544553 2026-05-19T11:32:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hellings Mwakasungula''' (amezaliwa tar 5 Mei 1980 mjini Lilongwe) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa Malawi ambaye alicheza kama kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hellings Mwakasungula (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/7711/Hellings_Mwakasungula.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Maisha ya Soka Kimataifa == Mwakasungula alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha timu ya taifa ya mpira wa miguu ya [[Malawi]] kilichoshiriki mashindano ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika (AFCON) mwaka 2010. Pia, alifunga goli katika mchezo wa kufuzu mashindano hayo ya AFCON ya mwaka 2012 dhidi ya Togo mnamo tarehe 9 Julai 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Flames Hold Togo In Lome {{!}} Malawi Voice|url=http://www.malawivoice.com/latest-news/flames-hold-togo-in-lome/|work=www.malawivoice.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en-US|archive-date=2010-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714054505/http://www.malawivoice.com/latest-news/flames-hold-togo-in-lome/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kufungiwa Maisha Kujihusisha na Soka == Mnamo [[Aprili]] 2019, alikuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji wanne wa zamani wa kimataifa wa Afrika waliopigwa marufuku maisha na Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Duniani (FIFA) kujihusisha na masuala yoyote ya soka kwa makosa ya upangaji wa matokeo (match manipulation).<ref>{{Citation|title=Former Sierra Leone captain Kargbo among African internationals banned for life by Fifa|date=2019-04-24|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48043246|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-16}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b2b5jc8xxx2qvhneyncvunh9imgrk32 0 235790 1545999 1544717 2026-05-19T07:23:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fawzi Abdel A'al''' (kwa Kiarabu: فوزي عبدالعال; amezaliwa mwaka 1971) ni mwendesha mashtaka na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Libya]] aliyezaliwa katika mji wa Misrata. == Maisha ya Kazi na Siasa == Kabla ya kuanza kwa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Libya vya mwaka 2011, Fawzi alikuwa akifanya kazi kama mwendesha mashtaka katika Mahakama Kuu ya Misrata. Wakati wa vita hivyo, alipoteza mmoja wa kaka zake. Mnamo tarehe 22 Novemba 2011, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Libya na Waziri Mkuu wa kipindi hicho, Abdurrahim El-Keib.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.fananews.com/?p=432011|work=www.fananews.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|archive-date=2020-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109071824/http://www.fananews.com/?p=432011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kujiuzulu == Mnamo tarehe 26 Agosti 2012, Fawzi Abdel A'al alijiuzulu nafasi yake ya uwaziri kufuatia mawimbi makubwa ya ukosoaji dhidi yake. Ukosoaji huo ulitokana na namna serikali ilivyoshindwa kuzuia mashambulizi dhidi ya maeneo ya ibada na makaburi ya Waislamu wa mrengo wa Sufi (Sufi Muslim shrines), pamoja na matukio mengine ya ghasia yaliyokuwa yakitokea nchini Libya kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Libya interior minister quits after Sufi shrine attacks|date=2012-08-26|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19386322|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-16}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 2okp3gia5eos4fjd5984og2ge4zcyo4 0 235791 1545772 1544558 2026-05-18T20:22:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bassary Touré''' (amezaliwa 1 Februari 1950 huko Thiès, Senegal) ni mchumi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Mali. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Fedha wa Mali kuanzia 1991 hadi 1992, na tena kuanzia 2002 hadi 2004. Pia aliwahi kuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji katika World Bank. Vilevile alikuwa sehemu ya Tume ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu UKIMWI na Utawala Bora barani Afrika. Aidha, aliwahi kuwa makamu wa rais wa Benki ya Maendeleo ya Afrika Magharibi (BOAD) huko Lomé, Togo. Kwa sasa amestaafu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances|url=http://www.finances.gouv.ml/contenu_page.aspx?pa=22|work=www.finances.gouv.ml|accessdate=2026-05-16|archive-date=2011-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915025150/http://www.finances.gouv.ml/contenu_page.aspx?pa=22|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] j96zhfykfpncq8kxt03dplaa1misr6b 0 235806 1545641 1544583 2026-05-18T14:50:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abd-Rabbo al-Barassi''' (kwa Kiarabu: عبد ربّه البرعصي) ni kiongozi aliyejitangaza kuwa mkuu wa [[serikali]] ya Barqa (Cyrenaica), eneo la mashariki mwa Libya. Akisukuma mbele ajenda ya mfumo wa utawala wa shirikisho (federalism), aliteuliwa mnamo tarehe 3 Novemba 2013 katika [[mkutano]] uliofanyika mjini Ajdabiya. Serikali kuu ya Libya iliyopo mjini Tripoli haitambui mamlaka yake wala mamlaka ya ndani (autonomy) ya eneo hilo la Barqa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ayman Warfalli and Ghaith Shennib|title=East Libya movement launches government, challenges Tripoli|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-idUKBRE9A20ER20131103|work=Reuters UK|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-16|archive-date=2020-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521230221/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-security-idUKBRE9A20ER20131103|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] be0edl4jtem3as4m8666ro43z1o2oj1 0 235816 1545755 1544594 2026-05-18T19:05:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashour Hamed Bourashed''' (Kiarabu: عاشور بو راشد) alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Mpito la [[Taifa]] la Libya aliyewakilisha mji wa Derna, ambako pia alizaliwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Transitional Council|url=http://www.ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=7&ParentID=3&LangID=1|work=www.ntclibya.com|accessdate=2026-05-16|archive-date=2011-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522091355/http://www.ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=7&ParentID=3&LangID=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alihudumu kama balozi wa [[Libya]] nchini Misri na katika Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe 3 Januari 2016. Tarehe 9 Mei 2025, alifariki mjini Benghazi baada ya kuugua maradhi ambayo hayakuelezwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=وفاة السفير عاشور بوراشد|url=https://alwasat.ly/news/libya/476157|work=alwasat.ly|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=ar|author=بوابة الوسط}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] qg6vmxe6dcb3832hdlktx2x5mst92lu 0 235844 1545714 1544674 2026-05-18T17:52:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aneta Beata Kręglicka''' (alizaliwa [[Machi 23]], [[1965]]) ni mwanadansi, [[mwanamitindo]], na mrembo wa [[Polandi]] aliyeshinda shindano la [[Miss World]] mwaka [[1989]] tarehe [[22 Novemba]] 1989 huko [[Hong Kong]], akiwakilisha Polandi. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Polandi kushinda taji hilo. Wakati alipotawazwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1989, akiwa na umri wa miaka 24, siku 244, alikuwa mshindi mzee zaidi wa Miss World katika historia, rekodi iliyovunjwa baada ya miaka 29 na [[Vanessa Ponce]] mwaka [[2018]].<ref name="2009ref">(18 June 2009). [http://trojmiasto.gazeta.pl/trojmiasto/1,35612,6726604,Aneta_Kreglicka__Wierze_w_Tuska.html?as=1&startsz=x Aneta Kręglicka... skoro piękna, to pewnie głupia] {{Wayback|url=http://trojmiasto.gazeta.pl/trojmiasto/1,35612,6726604,Aneta_Kreglicka__Wierze_w_Tuska.html?as=1&startsz=x |date=20150217131108 }}, ''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'' (in Polish), Retrieved 5 November 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.missworld.com/History-of-Miss-World/the-miss-world-history.html Miss World History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113160532/http://www.missworld.com/History-of-Miss-World/the-miss-world-history.html |date=13 November 2010 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Polandi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Polandi]] 1u7jbb4p6nn2t2dfqnt9e3cze6wsrbs 0 235922 1545644 1544801 2026-05-18T14:54:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdurrahman Habil''', PhD (Kiarabu: عبد الرحمن هابيل), ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya. Aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Utamaduni na Mashirika ya Kiraia tarehe 22 Novemba 2011 na Abdurrahim El-Keib.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One moment, please...|url=https://www.fananews.com/?p=432011|work=www.fananews.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en|archive-date=2020-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109071824/http://www.fananews.com/?p=432011|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] d205dogtv5iuwfaq6zmkp6bsafukaym 0 235934 1545643 1544813 2026-05-18T14:54:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Majid Kabar''' (Kiarabu: عبد المجيد كعبار; 9 Mei 1909 – 4 Oktoba 1988) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Libya]] kuanzia tarehe 26 Mei 1957 hadi 17 Oktoba 1960. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKQFAQAAIAAJ&q=Abdul+Majid+Kubar+1909|title=Modern Libya: A Study in Political Development|last=Khadduri|first=Majid|date=1963|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-0335-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ليبيا المستقبل .. Libya Almostakbal|url=http://archive.libya-al-mostakbal.org/Articles0609/assadeq_shukri_120609.html|work=archive.libya-al-mostakbal.org|accessdate=2026-05-17|author=Libya|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201061457/http://archive.libya-al-mostakbal.org/Articles0609/assadeq_shukri_120609.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Alikuwa na asili ya Wacircassian. == Kazi yake == Kabar alipanda katika siasa za Tripolitania hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la [[Katiba]] la Taifa mwaka 1950. Katika uchaguzi wa kwanza wa Libya wa mwaka 1952, aliingia bungeni na baadaye akawa Spika wa Bunge. Mwaka 1957 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Libya. Alichukua nafasi hiyo hadi alipojiuzulu mwaka 1960 kutokana na kashfa ya kifedha iliyohusu ujenzi wa barabara kutoka Fezzan hadi Sabha. Mradi huo ulianza kwa gharama ya dola milioni 5.3 na ulitarajiwa kukamilika ndani ya miaka mitatu, lakini gharama ziliongezeka sana na kufikia zaidi ya mara tatu ya makadirio ya awali. Kwa kuogopa kupigiwa kura ya kutokuwa na imani naye, alijiuzulu mwaka 1960. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1909]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] ifj5bbf3p0mr3ltekdx3a84n1xf0qzb 0 235937 1545993 1544896 2026-05-19T07:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fathi al-Majbari''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya ambaye alihudumu katika Baraza la Urais la Libya kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2018. Alikuwa mmoja wa Makamu Wenyeviti watano wa baraza hilo. Hapo awali, alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa kamanda wa [[Jeshi]] la Kulinda Miundombinu ya [[Mafuta]] (Petroleum Facilities Guard). Alijiuzulu kutoka baraza hilo mwezi Julai 2018 baada ya kuchunguzwa kwa tuhuma za rushwa. Baadaye alijaribu kujiteua kuwa mkuu wa Shirika la Taifa la Mafuta la Libya, lakini juhudi hizo hazikufanikiwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libyan Central Bank clerk accuses PC member of threatening him over corruption secrets {{!}} The Libya Observer|url=https://libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-central-bank-clerk-accuses-pc-member-threatening-him-over-corruption-secrets|work=libyaobserver.ly|date=2019-01-21|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya's deputy head of presidential council resigns - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/19/c_137333893.htm|work=www.xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|archive-date=2018-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719003408/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/19/c_137333893.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] j44cbo263m5s4fdq60h1om983v7c3ja 0 235960 1545645 1544841 2026-05-18T14:57:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah Moussa Al-Mayhoub''' (Kiarabu: عبد الله موسى الميهوب), pia anajulikana kama Abdelallah Moussa El-myehoub, alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Mpito la Taifa la [[Libya]] akiwakilisha mji wa Al Qubah. Alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka chuo kikuu nchini [[Ufaransa]] na hapo awali aliwahi kuwa Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Benghazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Transitional Council|url=http://www.ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=7&ParentID=3&LangID=1|work=www.ntclibya.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|archive-date=2011-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522091355/http://www.ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=7&ParentID=3&LangID=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] pdguwq00ctlj8x41kaxjqf2jt8fkvjs 0 235965 1545765 1544847 2026-05-18T19:49:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aïssa Bekkai''' (amezaliwa 14 Agosti 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Biashara ya Nje wa Algeria tarehe 2 Januari 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President of the Republic appoints new government members {{!}} Ministry of Communication|url=https://www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz/en/node/8433|work=www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en|archive-date=2022-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130144841/https://www.ministerecommunication.gov.dz/en/node/8433|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rp1ilgxge0fq6bovp6pyxtsybprjti4 0 235998 1545991 1544883 2026-05-19T07:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fayçal Bentaleb''' (amezaliwa 16 Julai 1973 huko Constantine, Algeria) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi, Ajira na Usalama wa Jamii. Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 16 Machi 2023.<ref>{{Citation|title=Benyahia Farida à la tête du Conseil d'état {{!}} El Watan|date=2019-08-19|url=https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/benyahia-farida-a-la-tete-du-conseil-detat-19-08-2019|work=El Watan|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-17|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517205235/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/benyahia-farida-a-la-tete-du-conseil-detat-19-08-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iuew42oxasplnv44vfv8kqa6zcf2kna 0 236090 1545872 1545119 2026-05-19T01:50:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1545872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Connie Galiwango Nakayenze|picha=Nakayenze Connie Galiwango.jpg|uraia=Uganda|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa na Mwalimu|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=31 Agosti 1967}}'''Connie Galiwango Nakayenze''' (alizaliwa 31 Agosti 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mwakilishi wa wanawake wa wilaya ya Mbale katika Bunge la Uganda la 11.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=335|accessdate=16 March 2021|work=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Connie Nakayenze Galiwango Archives|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/connie-nakayenze-galiwango/|accessdate=16 March 2021|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Connie Galiwango Nakayenze Archives|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/connie-galiwango-nakayenze/|accessdate=16 March 2021|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Connie pia alitumikia kama Mbunge katika Bunge la tisa la Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-09-13|title=“My Life is Under Threat” – MP Nzoghu Tells Parliament - SoftPower News|url=https://softpower.ug/my-life-is-under-threat-mp-nzoghu-tells-parliament/|accessdate=2022-03-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=EveryPolitician: Uganda - Parliament - 9th Parliament|url=https://everypolitician.org/uganda/parliament/term-table/9.html|accessdate=2022-03-26|work=EveryPolitician|archive-date=2022-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006082731/https://everypolitician.org/uganda/parliament/term-table/9.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2013-06-07|title=Members of 9th Parliament|url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/|accessdate=2022-03-26|work=Fortune Of Africa - Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=15 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091530/http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha serikali cha ''National Resistance Movement''. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wanyoto handed NRM flag for Mbale City, Galiwango to contest as Independent|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/wanyoto-handed-nrm-flag-for-mbale-city-galiwango-to-contest-as-independent--2460706|accessdate=16 March 2021|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Connie alizaliwa tarehe 31 Agosti 1967. Alifanya Mtihani wake wa Kumaliza Darasa la Msingi (PLE) mwaka 1981 katika Shule ya Msingi ya Gangama. Baadaye alipata Cheti cha Ualimu cha Daraja la III mwaka 1989 kutoka Chuo cha Ualimu cha Msingi cha Kabwangasi na Cheti cha Elimu ya Juu cha Uganda (UACE) mwaka 1992 kutoka Mbale Hall. Pia ana Stashahada ya Elimu ya Sekondari kutoka Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Walimu, Nagongera (1995). Mnamo 2001, Connie alipewa Shahada ya Sanaa katika Sayansi ya Jamii kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Kiislamu nchini Uganda. Hii ilifuatiwa na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa katika Usimamizi wa Elimu mwaka wa 2008 kutoka Chuo Kikuu hicho hicho. ==Maisha binafsi== Connie Galiwango ni mjane wa marehemu mwanadiplomasia Hassan Wasswa Galiwango, ambaye aliwahi kuwa Balozi Mkuu wa Uganda nchini Kenya na Shelisheli, na Mkurugenzi wa Fedha na Utawala wa Vuguvugu la Kitaifa la Upinzani (NRM). Alifariki Januari 2023 kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo kushindwa kufanya kazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=News: Parliament mourns ambassador Galiwango|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/parliament-mourns-ambassador-galiwango-NV_151740_052026|work=New Vision|date=2023-01-16|accessdate=2026-05-17|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref> Walioana kwa zaidi ya miaka 25 na walikuwa na watoto watatu pamoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galiwango’s legacy in politics, business|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/galiwango-s-legacy-in-politics-business--4088728|work=Monitor|date=2023-01-17|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NRM PARTY SECRETARY GENERAL TODWONG ,WIDOW CONNIE NAKAYENZE PAY TRIBUTE TO FALLEN UGANDA’S HIGH COMMISSIONER TO KENYA DR. GALIWANGO - Uganda Update News|url=https://ugandaupdatenews.com/nrm-party-secretary-general-todwong-widow-connie-nakayenze-pay-tribute-to-fallen-ugandas-envoy-to-kenya-dr-galiwango/|date=2023-01-16|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kazi== [[File:Connie Galiwango.jpg|thumb|Connie Galiwango]]Connie alikuwa mwalimu katika Shule ya Msingi ya Nabuyonga kati ya 1989 na 1993 kabla ya kuhudumu kama mwalimu katika Shule ya Upili ya Mbale S.S (1995–2003) na Shule ya Upili ya Mbale (2003–2011). Kati ya 2011 na 2016, alijiunga na Bunge la Uganda kama mbunge. Connie pia alipigiwa kura kwa bunge la kumi na moja la Uganda wakati wa uchaguzi wa Januari 2021 nchini Uganda. Katika Bunge la kumi la Uganda, anahudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Elimu na Michezo. Zaidi ya hayo, anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya VVU/UKIMWI na Magonjwa Yanayohusiana na hayo na pia mjumbe wa Kamati ya Biashara. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] 4867t1w1zyi5ppnn70pusjcizerrhom 0 236092 1546041 1545122 2026-05-19T08:45:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546041 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madeleine_Delbrêl.jpg|thumb|[[Picha]] yake ya [[miaka ya 1930]].]] '''Madeleine Delbrêl''' ([[24 Oktoba]] [[1904]] – [[13 Oktoba]] [[1964]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[Ushairi|mshairi]], na mzingatia [[maisha ya kiroho]] ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alirejea katika [[imani]] hiyo baada ya [[maisha]] yake ya [[ujana]] aliyoyaishi kama [[Ukanamungu|asiyeamini uwepo wa Mungu]]. Kutokana na [[Shujaa|ushujaa]] wa [[adili|maadili]] yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mstahili heshima]] [[tarehe]] [[26 Januari]] [[2018]] <ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 26 October 2024 | publisher=Holy See Press Office | url =https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/01/27/180127c.html | title = Promulgation of Decrees of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, 27.01.2018| date =27 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="vatican">{{cite web |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2018-01/madeleine-delbrel-venerable-pope-francis.html |title=Madeleine Delbrêl declared Venerable by Pope Francis |work=Vatican News |language=en |access-date=17 Mei 2026}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1904|1964}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] nqng9uiyh83hiwlblv05rjsds1bmec7 1546044 1546041 2026-05-19T08:50:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546044 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madeleine_Delbrêl.jpg|thumb|[[Picha]] yake ya [[miaka ya 1930]].]] '''Madeleine Delbrêl''' ([[Mussidan]], [[Dordogne]], [[24 Oktoba]] [[1904]] – [[13 Oktoba]] [[1964]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[Ushairi|mshairi]], na mzingatia [[maisha ya kiroho]] ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alirejea katika [[imani]] hiyo mwaka [[1924]] baada ya [[maisha]] yake ya [[ujana]] aliyoyaishi kama [[Ukanamungu|asiyeamini uwepo wa Mungu]] kuanzia [[umri]] wa miaka 15<ref>At seventeen Delbrêl wrote a tract titled "God is dead--long live!", which expressed her view that death is the only certainty in life. Consequently, she lived life without any regard to middle-class values, writing and illustrating poetry, studying philosophy and art at the [[Sorbonne]] in Paris, designing her own fashions, and being one of the first women of her set to cut her hair short.</ref>. Kutokana na [[Shujaa|ushujaa]] wa [[adili|maadili]] yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mstahili heshima]] [[tarehe]] [[26 Januari]] [[2018]] <ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 26 October 2024 | publisher=Holy See Press Office | url =https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/01/27/180127c.html | title = Promulgation of Decrees of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, 27.01.2018| date =27 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="vatican">{{cite web |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2018-01/madeleine-delbrel-venerable-pope-francis.html |title=Madeleine Delbrêl declared Venerable by Pope Francis |work=Vatican News |language=en |access-date=17 Mei 2026}}</ref>. ==Maandishi yake maarufu== * ''The Marxist City as Mission Territory'' (1957) * ''The Contemporary Forms of Atheism'' (1962) * ''We, the Ordinary People of the Streets'' (1966) * ''The Joy of Believing'' (1968) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.madeleine-delbrel.net/ Madeleine Delbrêl] {{in lang|fr}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1904|1964}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] r85f7isk6tchsf5zmq1xvg5acts22pd 0 236164 1546016 1545519 2026-05-19T08:06:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Raissa_Maritain_1905_portrait_(3x4_cropped).jpg|thumb|Raissa mwaka 1905.]] '''Raïssa Maritain''' (jina la ukoo wake '''Oumansoff'''; 11 Septemba [[1883]] – 4 Novemba [[1960]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] [[Kanisa Katoliki|Mkatoliki]] na [[Ushairi|mshairi]] kutoka nchini [[Ufaransa]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Urusi]] katika [[familia]] ya [[Wayahudi]].<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-Maritain |title=Jacques Maritain na Raïssa Maritain |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=17 Mei 2026}}</ref> Alikuwa [[mke]] wa [[Jacques Maritain]], ambaye alifanya naye kazi na kuwa mshirika wake wa karibu kwa zaidi ya nusu [[karne]], huku wakiwa kitovu cha kundi la wasomi wa Kikatoliki nchini Ufaransa. Kitabu cha kumbukumbu za maisha yake, ''Les Grandes Amitiés'', ambacho kilishinda tuzo ya "prix du Renouveau français", kinaelezea kwa kina maisha yao hayo. Jacques Maritain, Raïssa, na mdogo wake Vera (1886-1959) waliunda kikundi kilichokuja kujulikana kama "wanafamilia watatu wa Maritain" (the three Maritains). Wote watatu waliongokea [[Ukristo]] wa Kikatoliki kwa msaada wa [[Léon Bloy]] [[Ubatizo|wakabatizwa]] wote pamoja [[tarehe]] [[11 Juni]] [[1906]] huko [[Montmartre]], [[Paris]], Bloy akiwa [[msimamizi]] wao. Hapo Raïssa alijisikia [[wito]] wa [[maisha]] ya [[sala]] tu kama ya [[Mmonaki|wamonaki]], lakini alifaulu kuyalinganisha na maisha ya kijamii.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giraud |first=Margot |date=2018-10-11 |title=Antoine Mourges, « Raïssa Maritain, contemplative dans le monde » [archive], sur fr.aleteia.org, 12 octobre 2018. |url=https://fr.aleteia.org/2018/10/12/raissa-maritain-contemplative-dans-le-monde/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Aleteia |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 1912 pamoja na [[mume|mumewe]] waliweka [[nadhiri]] ya kujinyima moja kwa moja [[tendo la ndoa]]. Viongozi wao wa kiroho walikuwa Wadominiko wawili: kwanza Humbert Clérissac, halafu [[Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange]]. ==Machapisho== '''Insha''' * ''De mœurs divines'', Librairie de l’Art catholique, Paris 1921. * ''De la vie d’oraison'', À l’Art catholique, Paris 1925. * ''Le Prince de ce monde'', Plon, Paris 1929. * ''L’Ange de l’École, ou saint Thomas d’Aquin raconté aux enfants'', Alsatia, Paris 1957. * ''Marc Chagall'', Éditions de la Maison française, New York 1943. * ''Léon Bloy'', Pilgrim of the Absolute, Pantheon Books, New York-London 1947. * ''Les Grandes Amitiés'', coll. « Livre de vie », Desclée de Brouwer, 1949. * ''Liturgie et contemplation'', Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1959. * ''Journal de Raïssa'', Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1962. '''Ushairi''' * ''La Vie donnée'', Labergerie, Paris 1935. * ''Lettre de nuit'', Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1939. * ''Portes de l’horizon'', Monastère Regina Laudis, Bethlehem (Connecticut) 1952. * ''Poèmes et essais'', Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1968. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Vyanzo == * Moore, Brenna. (2013).''Sacred dread: Raïssa Maritain, the allure of suffering, and the French Catholic revival (1905-1944)''. Notre Dame, Ind: Univ. of Notre Dame Press. {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1883|1960|Maritain, Raissa}} [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] qaz2b57pkmz3891uee4bvft5y8t4rde 0 236167 1545632 1545524 2026-05-18T14:25:02Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Myanma_Sin_Phyu.jpg|thumb|Tembo mweupe akiwa Myanmar]] [[File:RoyalWhiteElephant.jpg|thumb|Tembo mweupe wa kifalme, kama inavyoonyeshwa kwenye mchoro wa Thai]] '''Tembo mweupe''' (pia '''tembo albino''')<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Why Do We Say White Elephant? Origin, Meaning, Useless Gift {{!}} HistoryExtra|url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/why-do-we-say-white-elephant/|work=www.historyextra.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref> ni aina adimu ya [[Ndovu|tembo]], lakini si wa spishi tofauti. Ingawa mara nyingi huonyeshwa kama nyeupe-theluji, ngozi zao kwa kawaida huwa na rangi ya kahawia-nyekundu laini, na kugeuka kuwa waridi hafifu inapokuwa na unyevu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Burma in Transition - The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2012/06/burma-in-transition/100316/|work=www.theatlantic.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en|author=Alan Taylor}}</ref> Wana kope na kucha za miguu zenye rangi nzuri. "Tembo Mweupe" wa kitamaduni kwa kawaida hueleweka vibaya kama [[Zeruzeru|albino]], lakini kwa neno la [[Kithai]], ''chang samkhan'', hutafsiriwa kama 'tembo mwenye bahati', akiwa "mweupe" kwa upande wa usafi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Royal Elephant Stable|url=http://www.thailandelephant.org/en/royalstable.html|publisher=Thai Elephant Conservation Center|accessdate=7 September 2014|archivedate=9 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020106/http://www.thailandelephant.org/en/royalstable.html}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2023, Myanmar ilikuwa na tembo weupe kumi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Status-Obsessed Myanmar Junta Chief’s Reverence for White Elephants Draws Ridicule|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/status-obsessed-myanmar-junta-chiefs-reverence-for-white-elephants-draws-ridicule.html|work=The Irrawaddy|date=2022-08-04|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en-US|author=The Irrawaddy}}</ref> Mfalme wa Thailand pia anafuga idadi ya tembo weupe, kumi na mmoja kati yao wakiwa bado hai kufikia mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=งดงามยิ่งนัก !! ชมประวัติช้างเผือกคู่พระบารมีพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวในพระบรมโกศ (รายละเอียด)|url=https://www.tnews.co.th/social/208790|work=tnews|date=2016-10-16|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=th}}</ref> ==Umuhimu wake kidini== ===Uhindu=== [[File:Indradeva.jpg|thumb| Indra na Sachi wakipanda tembo wa kimungu mwenye vichwa vitano Airavata, picha kutoka kwa maandishi ya Jain, karibu 1670-1680, wakichora katika jumba la makumbusho la LACMA, asili yake ikiwa Amber, Rajasthan. ]]Katika purana za Kihindu, gari au mlima wa mungu Indra (Sakra katika pantheon ya Wabuddha) ni tembo mweupe anayeitwa Airāvata, ambaye ana uwezo wa kuruka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A dictionary of Hinduism {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/244416793|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref> Airāvata iliibuka wakati ulimwengu uliumbwa kwa kuzungushwa kwa Bahari ya Maziwa na mapepo na miungu. Kwa hivyo, Airāvata inaonyeshwa kama tembo mweupe mtakatifu, kwa kawaida akiwa na pembe nne nchini India na wakati mwingine akiwa na vichwa vitano Kusini-mashariki mwa Asia. Tembo mweupe anajulikana kama Shrī Gāja (kwa kifupi 'tembo wa Shrī'), Megha (kwa kifupi 'wingu'), au Gāja Lakshmī (kwa kifupi 'Lakshmī wa Tembo') anapoabudiwa kama kiumbe wa kimungu.<ref>https://brill.com/abstract/journals/bki/172/1/article-p66_3.xml</ref> Mfalme Bimbisara alikuwa na tembo mweupe, ambaye alikuwa amemkamata msituni wakati tembo huyo alikuwa katika kipindi chake cha kusugua. Alimpa tembo dume jina Sechanaka, ambalo linamaanisha "kumwagilia maji", kwani tembo huyo alikuwa akimwagilia mimea peke yake bila mafunzo yoyote ya awali. Inasemekana gharama ya tembo huyu ilikuwa zaidi ya nusu ya Magadha. Baadaye alimpa mwanawe Vihallakumara, jambo ambalo lilimfanya mwanawe mwingine Ajatashatru awe na wivu. Ajatashatru alijaribu kuiba mara nyingi, jambo lililosababisha vita viwili vya kutisha zaidi, vilivyoitwa Mahasilakantaka na Ratha-musala. ===Ubuddha=== Tembo mweupe pia ana umuhimu katika hadithi ya mimba na kuzaliwa kwa Buddha. Kulingana na hadithi ya mimba ya Buddha, usiku ambao Siddhartha alitungwa mimba, Malkia Maya aliota kwamba tembo mweupe mwenye pembe sita nyeupe aliingia upande wake wa kulia. Kutokana na ndoto hii, watabiri walitabiri kwamba mtoto angezaliwa akiwa Buddha au chakravarti (mtawala wa ulimwengu wote).<ref>https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/improving-life-for-yangons-white-elephants/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A dictionary of Buddhism {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/59361180|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:mamalia]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] l2k354ygfz0xxcy5gx8lieybxow4t5u 0 236177 1546065 1545525 2026-05-19T09:06:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna, Comtesse Mathieu de Noailles''' ('''Anna Elisabeth Bibesco-Bassaraba de Brancovan'''; 15 Novemba 1876 – 30 Aprili 1933) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, na mwanaharakati wa ufeministi wa kisoshalisti.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Catherine |title=Persephone Aliyefunguliwa: Urembo wa Dionysian katika Kazi za Anna de Noailles |date=2003 |publisher=Bucknell University Press |pages=158–159}}</ref> wa [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Romania]] na [[Ugiriki]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asya |first=Ferdâ |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789401207379/B9789401207379-s005.xml |title=Paris-Bucharest, Bucharest-Paris: Waandishi wa lugha ya Kifaransa kutoka Romania |date=2012 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-94-012-0737-9 |editor-last=Quinney |editor-first=Anna |chapter=Utabaka wa Mashariki wa Anna de Noailles |doi=10.1163/9789401207379_005 |quote=[...] Noailles did not have to turn to the mystic traditions of the Near East and the Middle East for a social distraction or a literary diversion. Born to Romanian and Greek parents, as she was growing up, the Eastern lifestyle [...]}}</ref>. Alikuwa mshairi wa kike pekee wa zama zake kupokea tuzo ya ''Grand Prix'' kutoka kwa taasisi ya [[Académie Française]], heshima kubwa zaidi ya umma nchini Ufaransa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1876|1933|Noailles, Anna de}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] feh6s9ae13dnxfsqj8cchx82jbshk7l 0 236178 1546068 1545526 2026-05-19T09:10:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marie-Noel.png|thumb|Picha yake ya uzeeni.]] '''Marie Noël''' (jina la kuzaliwa: ''Marie-Mélanie Rouget''; [[Auxerre]], 16 Februari [[1883]] – 23 Desemba [[1967]]) alikuwa [[Ushairi|mshairi]], [[mlei]] mcha [[Mungu]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], na afisa wa nishani ya [[Légion d'honneur]] wa [[Ufaransa]].<ref>Estaunié (Edouard), ''Mshairi wa Mkoani: Marie Noël'', 1957-58, uk. 1-20.</ref><ref>Noël (Léon), ''Kukabidhiwa kwa Nishani ya Afisa wa Légion d'honneur kwa Marie Noël'', 1959-60, uk. 366-369.</ref> Kwa upendo mkubwa alikuwa akijulikana kama "Kidege Mpayaji wa Auxerre" (The Warbler of Auxerre).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/poetess-and-possible-future-saint-captures-essence-of-holy-saturday|title=Mshairi wa Kike (na Anayedhaniwa Kuwa Mtakatifu wa Baadaye) Anavyoelezea Maana ya Jumamosi Kuu|date=11 Aprili 2020|access-date=17 Mei 2026|website=National Catholic Register|author=Solène Tadié|language=en}}</ref> Mchakato wa kumtangaza [[mwenye heri]] umeanza, hivyo anaheshimiwa kama [[mtumishi wa Mungu]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1883|1967|Noël, Marie}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] 88jmej2yd7jrvbuqfq72e8liskhza7f 0 236181 1546046 1545249 2026-05-19T08:52:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geneviève Pastre''' (20 Novemba 1924 – 17 Februari 2012) alikuwa mshairi, mwanataaluma, na mwanaharakati wa wasagaji (lesbian activist) kutoka nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name="gianoulis">{{cite web |last1=Gianoulis |first1=Tina |title=Pastre, Geneviève (aliyezaliwa 1924) |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/literature/pastre_g_lit_L.pdf |website=glbtq project |access-date=17 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="bnf">{{cite web |title=Geneviève Pastre (1924-2012) |url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/11918748/genevieve_pastre/ |website=data.bnf.fr |access-date=17 Mei 2026 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="hommage">{{cite web |title=Utoaji wa Heshima kwa Geneviève Pastre - Shirikisho la LGBTI+ |url=https://federation-lgbt.org/hommage-a-genevieve-pastre |website=federation-lgbt.org |access-date=17 Mei 2026 |date=18 Februari 2012 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215947/https://federation-lgbt.org/hommage-a-genevieve-pastre |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="delon">{{cite news |last1=Delon |first1=Stéphanie |title=Picha ya Maisha: Geneviève Pastre, Mwanaharakati Mwenye Shauku |url=https://www.jeanne-magazine.com/le-magazine/2020/10/03/portrait-genevieve-pastre-militante-enthousiaste_20109/ |access-date=17 Mei 2026 |work=Jeanne Magazine |date=3 Oktoba 2020 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=bad>{{cite web |title=Wanawake Waasi: Geneviève Pastre |url=https://badreputation.org.uk/2011/09/21/revolting-women-genevieve-pastre/ |website=Bad Reputation |access-date=17 Mei 2026 |language=en |date=21 Septemba 2011}}</ref><ref name="hexagone">{{cite web |title=Geneviève Pastre |url=http://www.hexagonegay.com/Genevieve_Pastre.html |website=www.hexagonegay.com |publisher=Hexagone Gay |access-date=2 Juni 2021}}</ref><ref name="poezibao">{{cite news |title=Geneviève Pastre |url=https://poezibao.typepad.com/poezibao/2005/11/genevive_pastre.html |access-date=17 Mei 2026 |work={{ill|Poezibao|fr}} |date=2 Novemba 2005}}</ref> Ameelezewa kama mtu "aliyechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuanzishwa kwa Harakati za Ukombozi wa Mashoga nchini Ufaransa", ingawa yeye mwenyewe alisema: "''Je ne suis pas une activiste. Je suis poéte et danseuse''" (Mimi si mwanaharakati. Mimi ni mshairi na mnenguaji).<ref name=bad /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|2012|Pastre, Genevieve}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] 2tt9zbj1n6800l0li2uehuvg29ckvug 0 236183 1546055 1545348 2026-05-19T08:56:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=Kayanga Baroda.jpg|office=Mbunge wa Bunge la Uganda|alma_mater=[[Kyambogo University]]|constituency=Manispaa ya Kamuli|predecessor=Rehema Watongola}} '''Kayanga Baroda Watongola''' ni mwanasiasa wa Uganda. Yeye ni Mbunge wa Manispaa ya Kamuli, katika Bunge la 11 la Uganda. Aliingia Bungeni kwa tiketi ya kujitegemea bila chama chochote. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Benard|first=Don M.|date=2020-11-27|title=Kyambogo University Finalist Nominated to Contest for Her Fallen Mother's MP Seat|url=https://campusbee.ug/news/kyambogo-university-finalist-nominated-to-contest-for-her-fallen-mothers-mp-seat/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=Campus Bee|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-02-23|title=Kamuli Municipality MP Elect Kayanga Embarks on "Non-Violent Youth Project" -|url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2021/02/kamuli-mp-elect-kayanga/|accessdate=2022-04-06|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-07-05|title=KAMULI: Hon.Baroda Watongola donates to locals Covid-19 Relief items|url=https://www.nbsgroupuganda.com/kamuli-hon-baroda-watongola-donates-to-locals-covid-19-relief-items/|accessdate=2022-04-06|work=NBS 89.4FM|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804232833/https://www.nbsgroupuganda.com/kamuli-hon-baroda-watongola-donates-to-locals-covid-19-relief-items/}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Baroda Watongola ni mtoto wa marehemu Hajjat Rehema Tiwuwe Watongola, Mbunge wa zamani wa Manispaa ya Kamuli, na Badiru Watongola, Mwenyekiti wa Vuguvugu la Kitaifa la Upinzani (NRM) la Manispaa ya Kamuli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daughter nominated to compete for deceased mother’s MP seat in Kamuli Municipality|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/91517/daughter-nominated-to-compete-for-deceased-mothers-mp-seat-in-kamuli-municipality|work=Nilepost News|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en|author=Crispus Mugisha}}</ref> Baroda Watongola ni mhitimu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Kyambogo ambapo alipata shahada ya kwanza katika ukarabati wa kijamii. Pia ana diploma katika kozi hiyo hiyo.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fallen Kamuli MP’s daughter joins race to replace her|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/fallen-kamuli-mp-s-daughter-joins-race-to-replace-her-3208374|work=Monitor|date=2020-11-24|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Baroda alimrithi mama yake kama mgombea wa kiti cha Manispaa ya Kamuli katika Wilaya ya Kamuli baada ya mama yake. Hajjat Rehema Watongola, alifariki kutokana na COVID-19 miezi michache kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 2021 ambapo alikuwa amekusudia kushiriki.<ref name=":2" /> Alipokea uungwaji mkono kutoka kwa rais wa chama cha Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), Mhandisi Patrick Oboi Amuriat, licha ya kuwakilisha mwelekeo tofauti wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2021, Baroda alitafuta kiti cha mbunge kwa tiketi ya kujitegemea, kama mama yake alivyofanya. Alishinda dhidi ya Mastula Namatovu wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM), Mosses Bigirwa wa Jukwaa la Umoja wa Kitaifa (NUP) na Mhandisi Geoffrey Mugoye (mwingine huru). Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2026, alishindwa na mpinzani wake Mastula Namatovu katika uchaguzi uliokuwa na ushindani mkali. Kwa hivyo hataonekana katika bunge la 12.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kamuli Municipality parliamentary vote recount hits snag as High Court intervenes|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kamuli-municipality-parliamentary-vote-recount-hits-snag-as-high-court-intervenes-5348816|work=Monitor|date=2026-02-04|accessdate=2026-05-17|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] sev9g707x8w8ghj2r95144kd7ik3yvy 0 236201 1545601 1545411 2026-05-18T13:02:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald J. Aitken''' (alizaliwa takribani mwaka 1945 ni mchezaji wa curling kutoka [[Kanada]], mwenye asili ya [[Montreal]]. Alikuwa mchezaji wa nafasi ya pili katika timu iliyoshinda mashindano ya Brier mwaka 1977, ikipeperusha bendera ya Quebec. Pia ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Curling wa Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/|title](http://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/|title) = Aitken, Don – CCA Hall of Fame | ACC Temple de la Renommée Virtuelle |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180101062825/https://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180101062825/https://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/) |archivedate=2018-01-01}}</ref><ref>Former teammates clash in curling semifinal: [Final Edition] By RANDY PHILLIPS of The Gazette. The Gazette [Montreal, Que] 05 Feb 1988: D1.</ref> Aitken alifanya kazi katika sekta ya nguo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{sports links}} * [[https://stats.curling.io/players/aitken-don](https://stats.curling.io/players/aitken-don) Don Aitken – Curling Canada Stats Archive] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a5cv8ilzcvbjkqkbxttym8zok2h8txr 0 236202 1545653 1545412 2026-05-18T15:24:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Samuel Luke Fildes''' ([[Oktoba 3]], [[1843]] – [[Februari 28]], [[1927]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Uingereza]] aliyezaliwa [[Liverpool]] na alisomea katika shule za South Kensington na Royal Academy. Alikuwa mjukuu wa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa [[Mary Fildes]].<ref>''England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915''</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2002/06000/SIR_LUKE_FILDES.12.aspx|title=SIR LUKE FILDES : Academic Medicine|work=LWW|access-date=18 September 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1843]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1927]] m55exaxyizc2nw79tmhac8xxlqtq8q6 0 236208 1545730 1545418 2026-05-18T18:10:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophy Antrobus, Baroness Antrobus''' (zamani Gardner) ni [[mwanahistoria]], mwanazuoni, na afisa wa kijeshi aliyestaafu wa [[Uingereza]]. Alitunukiwa daraja la MBE kwa huduma zake katika elimu na historia ya kijeshi. Aliwahi kuhudumu katika Jeshi la Uingereza na amechapisha kazi mbalimbali za kihistoria.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://labourlist.org/2013/04/gloucester-clp-select-their-ppc/|title=Gloucester CLP select their PPC |date=20 April 2013|website=LabourList.org}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Sophy Antrobus |url=https://www.rusi.org/people/antrobus-0 |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=www.rusi.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=London |first=King's College |date=2025-12-02 |title=Sophy Antrobus |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/sophy-antrobus |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=King's College London |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bqhxy6vexuubl97snsilo3ferexftlp 0 236212 1546058 1545422 2026-05-19T09:01:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Redonnet''' ni jina la kalamu la '''Martine L'hospitalier''' (alizaliwa [[Paris]], 1948) ambaye ni mwandishiwa mashairi, riwaya, insha, hadithi fupi, na michezo ya kuigiza wa [[Ufaransa]] . Kazi zake zimetafsiriwa katika lugha kumi na moja.<ref name="Leaping Dog">{{cite web|title=Marie Redonnet|url=http://www.leapingdogpress.com/authors/marie-redonnet|publisher=Leaping Dog Press|accessdate=18 Mei 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="enwiki">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Redonnet |title=Makala ya Marie Redonnet katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1948||Redonnet, Marie}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] dowjeh36phyfox4vtuwuym1dwrcz2wi 0 236230 1545604 1545442 2026-05-18T13:16:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ethel Campbell Louise Anderson''' (née Mason; 16 Machi 1883 – 4 Agosti 1958) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa insha, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mchoraji wa mapema karne ya ishirini kutoka nchini [[Australia]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Adelaide|first=Debra|title=Waandishi wa Kike wa Australia: Mwongozo wa Kibabilonia|date=1988|publisher=Pandora|isbn=978-0-86358-148-9|location=London; Sydney}}</ref> Ingawa yeye mwenyewe alijichukulia zaidi kama mshairi, hivi sasa anathaminiwa sana kwa hadithi zake zenye ucheshi na kejeli. Anderson amewahi kuelezewa kama "mwandishi mashuhuri, msanii, mchambuzi wa sanaa, na mjumbe wa mtindo wa usasa".<ref name="Harding p75">{{cite book|last=Harding|first=Lesley|title=Kubism na Sanaa ya Australia|year=2010|publisher=The Miegunyah Press|location=Carlton, Victoria|isbn=978-0-522-85673-6|first2=Sue |last2=Cramer|page=75}}</ref><ref name="enwiki">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Anderson |title=Makala ya Ethel Anderson katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1883|1958|Anderson, Ethel}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] 56qdpjisfrt6k44zyzqv621adrg4ccg 0 236235 1545658 1545447 2026-05-18T15:39:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marigold Linton''' (alizaliwa [[1936]]) ni [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa utambuzi nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya Wahindi wa Amerika, na raia wa Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians. Mwaka [[1964]], alikua Mwamerindi wa kwanza kupata digrii ya udaktari katika saikolojia. Utafiti wake umejikita katika kumbukumbu ya binadamu na ufundishaji wa sayansi kwa wanafunzi wenye uhitaji.<ref name="Gazette">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.recordgazette.net/arts_and_entertainment/dragonfly-gala-honors-remarkable-american-indian-women/article_1b2d1086-8373-11e7-a06c-07dbcc6d84bf.html|title=Dragonfly Gala honors remarkable American Indian women|first=JAMES FOLMER, Record|last=Gazette|website=Banning Record Gazette|date=17 August 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Linton Breaks Education Barrier">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.planningcommunications.com/jf/linton_pr.htm|title=Linton Breaks Education Barrier|website=www.planningcommunications.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hobl2co6xajg8yuisr2ocdxrvaecyk9 0 236241 1545680 1545453 2026-05-18T16:57:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustafa Muftak Tahir Tajouri''' (Kiarabu: مصطفى تاجوري) alikuwa [[Balozi]] wa Libya nchini Urusi akiwa na hadhi ya Balozi Kamili na Mwenye Mamlaka Kamili wa Jamahiriya Kuu ya Kisoshalisti ya Kiarabu ya Libya. Tajouri alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Kijeshi cha Jamahiriya mwaka 1982, na baada ya hapo akaanza kazi katika [[Jeshi la Magereza Tanzania Bara|jeshi]] la Libya. Baada ya kufikia cheo cha kanali, alifanya kazi za kufundisha katika taasisi mbalimbali za elimu ya kijeshi nchini Libya. Mnamo Januari 2007, Tajouri aliteuliwa kuwa balozi mpya wa [[Libya]] nchini Urusi, na aliwasilisha hati zake za utambulisho kwa Vladimir Putin tarehe 13 Aprili 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=diplomatrus.com|url=https://www.diplomatrus.com/article.php?id=952&l=eng|work=www.diplomatrus.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 4hy31vi2mr8oqgs0ultj4zt751rcvd9 0 236242 1545663 1545454 2026-05-18T15:58:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mifta al-Usta Umar''' (Kiarabu: مفتاح الاسطى عمر; 1935 – 22 Machi 2010) alikuwa [[Katibu]] Mkuu wa Kongamano Kuu la Watu la Libya kuanzia 15 Februari 1984 hadi 7 Oktoba 1990. Katika nafasi hiyo, kwa nadharia alikuwa mkuu wa nchi ya [[Libya]], ingawa Muammar Gaddafi aliendelea kuwa na mamlaka makubwa zaidi kama “Kiongozi na Mwongozo wa Mapinduzi”. Umar alihitimu kutoka Kitivo cha Tiba cha Chuo Kikuu cha Ain Shams mjini Cairo mwaka 1961. Alifanya kazi kama daktari katika [[Hospitali]] ya Massa huko Al-Bayda, na mwaka 1963 akawa Meneja Mkuu wa hospitali hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRNVYtHo63IC&q=Mifta&pg=PA198|title=Libya|last=Metz|first=Helen Chapin|date=2004-06-01|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-1-4191-3012-0|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 7xqyoxm7ngrtn2be3s7yk7c0ggz0qd8 0 236243 1545609 1545455 2026-05-18T13:43:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hasan Zaglam''' (Kiarabu: حسن مختار زقلام) ni mkaguzi wa [[Hesabu (Biblia)|hesabu]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya aliyezaliwa mjini Tripoli mwaka 1945.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=وزارة المالية|url=http://www.pm.gov.ly/ministries/item/67-ministry-of-finance.html|work=www.pm.gov.ly|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar-aa}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa [[Fedha]] tarehe 22 Novemba 2011 na Abdurrahim El-Keib. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2lxt7bviajzj05005pt7ltvn1kzh42m 1546175 1545609 2026-05-19T11:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hasan Zaglam''' (Kiarabu: حسن مختار زقلام) ni mkaguzi wa [[Hesabu (Biblia)|hesabu]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya aliyezaliwa mjini Tripoli mwaka 1945.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=وزارة المالية|url=http://www.pm.gov.ly/ministries/item/67-ministry-of-finance.html|work=www.pm.gov.ly|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar-aa|archive-date=2012-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109014944/http://www.pm.gov.ly/ministries/item/67-ministry-of-finance.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa [[Fedha]] tarehe 22 Novemba 2011 na Abdurrahim El-Keib. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dk4tcom8kmpqnliu6aqup74fyor6477 0 236244 1545598 1545456 2026-05-18T12:58:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Derek Lee''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Derek E. Lee''' au '''Derek Edward Lee''') ni mwanaikolojia na [[mwanabiolojia]] wa wanyamapori nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika biolojia ya idadi ya viumbe, biolojia ya uhifadhi, na ikolojia ya kiasi. Derek ndiye Mwanasayansi Mkuu na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji (CEO) wa Wild Nature Institute, na ana utafiti wa muda mrefu unaoendelea kuhusu uhifadhi wa idadi ya viumbe na vinasaba wa twiga wa [[Masai]] katika mifumo ya ikolojia ya [[Tarangire]] na [[Serengeti]] nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.theawl.com/2013/03/quit-your-job-living-with-the-wild-things-without-compromise/|title=Quit Your Job! Living With the Wild Things, Without Compromise|work=The Awl|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9543|title=Derek E. Lee (0000-0002-1042-9543) - ORCID {{!}} Connecting Research and Researchers|last=ORCID|website=orcid.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2bn2ohnq0l2hjxnma2uichumzltgyg3 1546060 1545598 2026-05-19T09:02:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Derek Lee (Mwanabiolojia)]] hadi [[Derek Lee (mwanabiolojia)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1545598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Derek Lee''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Derek E. Lee''' au '''Derek Edward Lee''') ni mwanaikolojia na [[mwanabiolojia]] wa wanyamapori nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika biolojia ya idadi ya viumbe, biolojia ya uhifadhi, na ikolojia ya kiasi. Derek ndiye Mwanasayansi Mkuu na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji (CEO) wa Wild Nature Institute, na ana utafiti wa muda mrefu unaoendelea kuhusu uhifadhi wa idadi ya viumbe na vinasaba wa twiga wa [[Masai]] katika mifumo ya ikolojia ya [[Tarangire]] na [[Serengeti]] nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.theawl.com/2013/03/quit-your-job-living-with-the-wild-things-without-compromise/|title=Quit Your Job! Living With the Wild Things, Without Compromise|work=The Awl|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9543|title=Derek E. Lee (0000-0002-1042-9543) - ORCID {{!}} Connecting Research and Researchers|last=ORCID|website=orcid.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2bn2ohnq0l2hjxnma2uichumzltgyg3 0 236245 1545618 1545457 2026-05-18T14:05:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Claude Latombe''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 14]], [[1947]]) ni mbunifu wa [[roboti]] mwenye asili ya [[Ufaransa]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], na Profesa katika Shule ya Uhandisi ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]]. Latombe ni mtafiti katika mipango ya mwendo wa roboti, na ameandika mojawapo ya vitabu vilivyonukuliwa sana katika uwanja huo.<ref name=Latombe1991>{{Citation | last = Latombe | first = J.C. | year = 1991 | title =Robot Motion Planning | url = https://books.google.com/books?hl=en }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Elected AAAI Fellows |url=https://aaai.org/about-aaai/aaai-awards/the-aaai-fellows-program/elected-aaai-fellows/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=AAAI |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qswusnwkzn777xjh4vdv2bgh8f69lcw 0 236246 1545616 1545458 2026-05-18T14:02:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James S. Langer''' ni profesa wa [[fizikia]] wa [[Marekani]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Santa Barbara. Anajulikana kwa kazi yake katika fizikia ya kinadharia ya hali dhabiti, mienendo ya mpito wa awamu, na nadharia ya mifumo isiyo na usawa.<ref name="langerhomepage">{{Rejea tovuti | url=http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~langer/ | title=Professor James S. Langer, Biosketch | access-date=2010-10-15 | archive-date=2011-07-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725093723/http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~langer/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="aps99">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.apscenttalks.org/chair.cfm?sessID=33 |access-date=2010-10-15 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a9kw43h5bnux308lknmh5rajxdxi4qn 0 236248 1545605 1545460 2026-05-18T13:19:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545605 wikitext text/x-wiki Fathallah Abd Al-Latif Al-Zani ni mwanasiasa wa Libya ambaye amehudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa muda tangu Agosti 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya foreign minister dismissed after meeting Israeli counterpart: Sources|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/28/libya-protests-after-foreign-minister-reportedly-met-with-israeli-official|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Hapo awali, alikuwa Waziri wa Vijana tangu mwaka 2021. Mnamo Septemba 2023, alihutubia mjadala mkuu wa kikao cha sabini na nane cha Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 2bzov61dl65ip0yeop1z2slc4qezzii 0 236250 1545597 1545462 2026-05-18T12:55:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Downton''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 18]], [[1959]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha za mitindo wa [[Uingereza]]. Alifanya kazi kwa jarida la Vogue na ana sifa ya kuwachora watu mashuhuri wa mitindo na filamu. Pia alifanya kazi na chapa kama Chanel na Dior.<ref name="birthdate">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Bt9Vig_H66v/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/daviddownton/1980834141970607791 |archive-date=2021-12-26 |url-access=registration|title=David Downton on Instagram|website=Instagram|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.daviddownton.com/|title=Home - David Downton|publisher=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cc5qs3xyxnoiz6gy1gum9ejft69mgkp 0 236255 1545624 1545468 2026-05-18T14:12:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Roosevelt Boettiger''' (alizaliwa [[Machi 30]], [[1939]]) ni profesa aliyestaafu wa [[saikolojia]] ya maendeleo na kliniki, na mtoto wa [[Anna Roosevelt Boettiger]] na mumewe wa pili, [[Clarence John Boettiger]]. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Rais wa [[Marekani]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] na [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]. Anaishi kaskazini mwa [[California]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.reckonings.net/about.html|title=John Roosevelt Boettiger|website=www.reckonings.net}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jqqf7ow9ysme80udhyz2cyii86wqrq5 0 236256 1545665 1545469 2026-05-18T16:11:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai''' (alizaliwa 14 Mei 1952) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Libya ambaye alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa mwisho wa Kongamano Kuu la Watu la Libya, na hivyo kuwa mkuu wa nchi kwa jina kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2011. Alimrithi Imbarek Shamekh katika nafasi hiyo. Inadaiwa kuwa alikuwa rafiki wa karibu wa muda mrefu wa Muammar Gaddafi, na anatajwa kuwa mtu aliyemtambulisha Gaddafi kwa Abdessalam Jalloud, ambaye alikuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Libya katika miaka ya 1970. Kufikia tarehe 8 Septemba 2011, alikuwa amekamatwa na vikosi vya Baraza la Mpito la Taifa (NTC). Mnamo Juni 2013, aliondolewa mashtaka ya matumizi mabaya ya [[fedha]] za umma lakini aliendelea kushikiliwa [[gerezani]]. Julai 2015 alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 12 jela, lakini aliachiliwa mwaka 2016 kutokana na sababu za kiafya. Aprili 2017, aliteuliwa kuwa mshauri wa masuala ya Maghreb na Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi, Aguila Saleh Issa. Mnamo Mei 2018, al-Zwai alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wakuu wa Gaddafi waliotangaza kumuunga mkono Khalifa Haftar katika mkutano uliofanyika Benghazi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya has its first electoral alliance between Haftar and Gaddafi loyalists|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20180515-libya-has-its-first-electoral-alliance-between-haftar-and-gaddafi-loyalists/|work=Middle East Monitor|date=2018-05-15|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] mvy0jkwen2zow7viyg7dg69kic3bsnu 0 236259 1545660 1545472 2026-05-18T15:41:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Katharine Brandegee''' ([[Oktoba 28]], [[1844]] – [[Aprili 3]], [[1920]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa tafiti zake za kina za mimea huko [[California]]. Alikuwa pia msimamizi wa kwanza mwanamke wa idara ya botania katika Chuo cha Sayansi cha California (California Academy of Sciences).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|url = https://cglhs.org/resources/Documents/Eden-14.4-Fa-2011.pdf|last = Carter|first = Nancy Carol|year=2011 |title = The Brandegees: Leading Botanists in San Diego|journal=Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society|volume=14|number=4}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title = » Katharine Brandegee: Blazing a Trail for Women in Science {{!}} NYBG|url = http://blogs.nybg.org/science-talk/2014/02/katherine-brandegee-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-science/|website = blogs.nybg.org| date=3 February 2014 |access-date = 2015-11-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1844]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1920]] d57a9bwzay1x50tbwwjsfz64amvvgak 0 236263 1545705 1545476 2026-05-18T17:42:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Redha Malek''' (21 Desemba 1931 – 29 Julai 2017) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Algeria kuanzia 21 Agosti 1993 hadi 11 Aprili 1994. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, kilichokuwa mwanzoni mwa Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Algeria, alifuata sera kali dhidi ya makundi ya Kiislamu. Pia alifanikiwa kujadiliana kuhusu kupunguziwa deni la Algeria na Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa (IMF) baada ya utekelezaji wa mpango wa mageuzi wa IMF.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Décès de Redha Malek, ancien chef du gouvernement|url=https://www.tsa-algerie.com/reda-malek-est-decede/|work=TSA|date=2017-07-29|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR|author=Mounir Acef}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa kuunga mkono uchumi wa soko huria. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] i2flpf5qgpbpewk4zax87n0y317hfwf 0 236264 1545608 1545477 2026-05-18T13:40:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hacen Mefti''' (amezaliwa 3 Julai 1937) alikuwa Waziri wa Nishati wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Yeye ni mhitimu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Dresden na pia alikuwa afisa wa zamani wa kampuni ya SONATRACH.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE0fEZ9VmHEC&pg=PA167|title=Navigating New Markets Abroad: Charting a Course for the International Businessperson|last=Raddock|first=David M.|date=2001|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-7425-0206-2|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] eee7df4rc1i4pjxf34jztz4ztiqfn38 0 236265 1545668 1545478 2026-05-18T16:12:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokhtar Meherzi''' alikuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika serikali ya Belaid Abdessalam mwaka 1992.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=447JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1993-94|last=Hunter|first=B.|date=2016-12-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27122-7|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Algeria]] 41vlb6wwjxi2hr42m0tjvthxzmtmcqv 0 236266 1545600 1545480 2026-05-18T13:01:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Djilali Mehri''' ni mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Pepsi [[Aljeria|Algeria]] pamoja na holding ya Maghreb and the Middle East Investors. Pia alikuwa na mradi wa kujenga hoteli 36 kwa ushirikiano na Accor katika miji mikubwa ya Algeria kama Algiers, Constantine na Oran.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Djillali Mehri homme d'affaire algerien collection d'arts des tableaux orientalistes - site officiel|url=https://www.djillalimehri.com/|work=www.djillalimehri.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} k4cdn3o9yx1nz5aof6d662jwbwr1q7k 0 236267 1545667 1545481 2026-05-18T16:12:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Salah Mentouri''' (9 Aprili 1940 – 5 Septemba 2010) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi na Masuala ya Kijamii kuanzia 18 Juni 1991 hadi 16 Oktoba 1991, na baadaye kuwa Waziri wa Afya na Masuala ya Kijamii kuanzia 16 Oktoba 1991 hadi 22 Februari 1992. Pia alikuwa Rais wa Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Algeria katika vipindi viwili tofauti: 1984–1988 na 1989–1993.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hommage du CNESE à Mohamed Salah Mentouri : L’homme qui osait dire non - Économie : Liberté|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/economie/l-homme-qui-osait-dire-non-367017|work=www.liberte-algerie.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=https://www.kreo-agency.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] n4gl74xoje5m00yl3llnkgsjd5m36e8 0 236268 1545863 1545482 2026-05-19T01:19:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yacine Merabi''' (amezaliwa 7 Agosti 1966) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu na Mafunzo ya Kitaaluma. Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 7 Julai 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.premier-ministre.gov.dz/fr/cv/47|work=www.premier-ministre.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7vh1eg8nspemf5n3mzi62sh8g5em4bg 0 236279 1545635 1545494 2026-05-18T14:28:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Courtney Keith "Bingo" Allen'''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Diamond|first1=Dan|last2=Duplacey|first2=James|last3=Dinger|first3=Ralph|last4=Zweig|first4=Eric|last5=Kuperman|first5=Igor|title=Total Hockey|page=[[https://archive.org/details/totalhockeyoffic0000unse/page/649](https://archive.org/details/totalhockeyoffic0000unse/page/649) 649]|publisher=Total Sports|location=New York City|year=1998|isbn=0-8362-7114-9|display-authors=1|url-access=registration|url=[https://archive.org/details/totalhockeyoffic0000unse/page/649}}](https://archive.org/details/totalhockeyoffic0000unse/page/649}})</ref> (21 Agosti 1923 – 4 Februari 2014) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa hoki ya barafu kutoka [[Kanada]], aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki, pamoja na kuwa kocha mkuu na meneja mkuu katika National Hockey League (NHL). Alicheza mechi 28 katika NHL akiwa na Detroit Red Wings katika misimu ya 1953–54 na 1954–55. Sehemu kubwa ya kariya yake, iliyodumu kuanzia mwaka 1941 hadi 1957, aliitumia katika ligi mbalimbali ndogo. Baada ya kuhitimisha uchezaji wake, Allen aligeukia ukocha na usimamizi wa timu, kwanza katika Western Hockey League ya ligi ndogo, kabla ya kurejea NHL mwaka 1967 kama kocha wa kwanza na meneja mkuu wa Philadelphia Flyers. Aliifundisha Flyers kuanzia mwaka 1967 hadi 1969, huku akiendelea kuwa meneja mkuu hadi mwaka 1983. Pia alikuwa makamu wa rais mtendaji wa Philadelphia Flyers, nafasi aliyoshika kuanzia mwaka 1980 hadi alipofariki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://flyers.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=35745|title=Bio](http://flyers.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=35745|title=Bio) - Allen - Philadelphia Flyers - Team|accessdate=2011-02-05|publisher=Philadelphia Flyers}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1923|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] ncgst3jg1bosrefm85ofkghn1lyvpyq 0 236280 1545666 1545495 2026-05-18T16:11:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Elias Mesli''' alikuwa Waziri wa Kilimo wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika serikali ya Belaid Abdessalam mwaka 1992.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=447JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1993-94|last=Hunter|first=B.|date=2016-12-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27122-7|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Algeria]] feaz9237z5ohr24v41eh13mj44ovor7 0 236289 1545729 1545505 2026-05-18T18:09:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sofiane Mimouni''' (amezaliwa 1957, Algiers) ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Tangu Oktoba 2019 amekuwa Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa Algeria katika Umoja wa Mataifa. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afrika katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (2015–2019), Balozi wa Algeria nchini Iran (2009–2014), Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Idara ya Asia-Oceania katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (2005–2009), na pia Balozi wa Algeria nchini Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam na Vanuatu (1996–2004).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Algeria: Mimouni to head UN GA Conference Committee|url=http://www.elmoudjahid.com:80/en/actualites/6423|work=www.elmoudjahid.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0khkfv4q2rbbpmxngpk2v5j8i85areo 0 236290 1545603 1545506 2026-05-18T13:04:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Draoui Mohamed''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Tangu mwaka 2004, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Afrika (Pan-African Parliament) akiwakilisha Algeria, na pia ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Elimu, Utamaduni, Utalii na Rasilimali Watu ndani ya bunge hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=pan_african_parliament_org|url=https://pan-african-parliament.org/AboutPAP_PAPMemberCountries.aspx/|date=2026-05-06|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Algeria]] 5h1hutabg1oauy5g3z9s68zg16biexz 0 236296 1545731 1545512 2026-05-18T18:10:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soraya Mouloudji''' (amezaliwa 8 Oktoba 1977) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni na Sanaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Soraya Mouloudji takes office as minister of Culture, Arts|url=https://www.aps.dz/en/culture/42862-soraya-mouloudji-takes-office-as-minister-of-culture-arts|work=www.aps.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-gb|author=Samira Sidhoum}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 19 Februari 2022, na baadaye alirithiwa na Zouhir Ballalou. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6c4vfv0jnre7hzeavm0ugxa5fivilnx 0 236301 1545594 1545541 2026-05-18T12:55:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David John Andreychuk''' (amezaliwa Septemba 29, 1963)<ref name=CHATLAS>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Canadian Hockey Atlas|first=Stephen|last=Cole|publisher=Doubleday Canada|year=2006|isbn=978-0-385-66093-8|url-access=registration|url=[https://archive.org/details/canadianhockeyat0000cole}}](https://archive.org/details/canadianhockeyat0000cole}})</ref> ni [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa zamani mtaalamu wa hoki ya barafu aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji pembeni katika NHL akiwa na timu za Buffalo Sabres, Toronto Maple Leafs, New Jersey Devils, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche na Tampa Bay Lightning. Akiwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kiwango cha juu zaidi waliowahi kucheza kama winga wa kushoto katika historia ya NHL, Andreychuk alifikia misimu kumi na tisa (19) ya kufunga magoli 20 au zaidi, rekodi iliyofikiwa na wachezaji wengine watano pekee katika historia ya NHL.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-consecutive-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-consecutive-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL) Records|title=Skater Records: Most 20-Goal Seasons, Consecutive - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL) Records|access-date=April 16, 2026|title=Skater Records: Most 20-Goal Seasons, Career - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records}}</ref> Alistaafu akiwa kinara wa muda wote katika mabao ya mipira ya adhabu ya faulo (power-play goals) akiwa na mabao 274 kabla ya kuvukwa baadaye na Alexander Ovechkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/special-teams-since-1933-34/most-power-play-goals-career|access-date=April](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/special-teams-since-1933-34/most-power-play-goals-career|access-date=April) 16, 2026|title=Skater Records: Most Power-Play Goals, Career - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records}}</ref> Alijumuishwa katika Hockey Hall of Fame mwaka 2017. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 8wtjkb6zf5m29q7an85wzuehsx535hs 0 236302 1546071 1545542 2026-05-19T09:17:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Babatunde Faruk Agunloye''' (alizaliwa mwezi Julai, [[1977]]), ni mkurugenzi wa filamu na mtayarishaji wa filamu kutoka [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian movie director, Agunloye changing the narrative in Canada|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/02/nigerian-movie-director-agunloye-changing-the-narrative-in-canada/|work=Vanguard News|date=2024-02-08|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Urowayino Jeremiah}}</ref> anayeishii [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 movie producers in Nollywood|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/12/05/top-10-movie-producers-in-nollywood/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa filamu yake ya ''Aajule keji Realm 2'' ambayo ilimpatia tuzo ya filamu fupi bora ya kimataifa katika tuzo za Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Nollywood la Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Babatunde Agunloye Wins Big At Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival|url=https://guardian.ng/life/babatunde-agunloye-wins-big-at-toronto-international-nollywood-film-festival/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2022-10-30|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Dennis Erezi}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Babatunde anatoka Jimbo la Ogun, na alizaliwa na kukulia jiji la Lagos. Alihudhuria shule ya msingi ya Ire-Akari Estate katika eneo la Isolo na shule ya sekondari ya Jeshi la Anga katika eneo la Ikeja kisha akaendelea na Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Lagos Ojo na kuendeleza elimu yake katika Shule ya Filamu ya Toronto iliopo [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 interesting facts you didn’t know about movie director Babatunde Agunloye|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/01/03/10-interesting-facts-you-didnt-know-about-movie-director-babatunde-agunloye/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo mwaka [[2022]], Babatunde Agunloye alishinda tuzo ya kategoria ya filamu fupi bora ya kimataifa katika tuzo za Tamasha la Filamu la Kimataifa la Nollywood la Toronto kwa filamu yake inayoitwa ''<nowiki/>'Aajule keji Realm 2''<nowiki/>'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Babatunde Agunloye Wins Big At Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival|url=https://guardian.ng/life/babatunde-agunloye-wins-big-at-toronto-international-nollywood-film-festival/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2022-10-30|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Dennis Erezi}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2024]], Babatunde alitajwa miongoni mwa watengenezaji filamu wa kiafrika wa ughaibuni wanaoongoza njia mpya katika sekta ya filamu na uongozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Filmmakers In Diaspora Charting A New Path In The Movie Industry|url=https://leadership.ng/african-filmmakers-in-diaspora-charting-a-new-path-in-the-movie-industry/|date=2024-02-20|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> Katika mwaka huo huo, alitayarisha filamu ya kwanza kabisa yenye waigizaji wa rangi nyeusi kwenye televisheni ya Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Babatunde Agunloye returns with first ever largely black cast production on Canadian TV|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/babatunde-agunloye-returns-with-first-ever-largely-black-cast-production-on-canadian-tv/|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=2024-01-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian-Canadian collaboration, Realm 2, makes historic debut, celebrates black voices on international stage|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nigerian-canadian-collaboration-realm-2-makes-historic-debut-celebrates-black-voices-on-international-stage/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2024-03-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Kobor Amos}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] s3gkmtcrgn3ndm1jkz6tx2grg39g9x9 0 236305 1545710 1545545 2026-05-18T17:47:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Nicholas Andruff''' (amezaliwa 10 Julai 1953) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa ice hockey. == Maisha ya uchezaji == Andruff alichaguliwa kama chaguo la kwanza la drafti na timu ya Winnipeg Jets ya ligi ya waasi ya World Hockey Association. Pia alichaguliwa katika nafasi ya 32 kwa ujumla (raundi ya pili) katika drafti ya mwaka 1973 ya NHL (1973 NHL Amateur Draft).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/draft/nhl1973a.html|title=1973](http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/draft/nhl1973a.html|title=1973) NHL Amateur Draft Picks at hockeydb.com|website=[www.hockeydb.com](http://www.hockeydb.com)}}</ref> Andruff alichagua kujiunga na mabingwa wa Stanley Cup, Montreal Canadiens. Katika kipindi chake cha miaka tisa kama mchezaji wa kulipwa,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11851|title=Legends](http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11851|title=Legends) of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player -- Ron Andruff|website=[www.legendsofhockey.net](http://www.legendsofhockey.net)}}</ref> alifanikiwa kupata medali ya shaba akiwa na Timu ya Kanada katika mashindano ya Moscow Izvestia Tournament. Pia alishiriki katika ushindi wa Stanley Cup, akashinda ubingwa wa ligi ya American Hockey League (AHL), taji la ufungaji bora wa mabao (scoring title) na tuzo ya Les Cunningham Award ya mchezaji bora wa ligi (kama ilivyopigiwa kura na waandishi wa habari na wachezaji). Baadaye alicheza misimu yake miwili ya mwisho nchini Ujerumani na klabu ya Mannheim Eis- und Rollsport Club (MERC),<ref>[[:de:Adler Mannheim]]</ref> ambako alishinda ubingwa wa taifa wa Ujerumani (Deutsche Meisterschaft) pamoja na tuzo ya mchezaji kipenzi (Lieblingsspieler), iliyochaguliwa na mashabiki. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 6ogle92dpuutydo0o8ia6v85ysqeh8j 0 236306 1545686 1545546 2026-05-18T17:09:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1545686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nina Khada''' ni mkurugenzi, mwandishi na mhariri wa filamu aliyezaliwa [[Ufaransa]] na wazazi wa [[Aljeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7231360/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nina Khada - About|url=https://entertainment.ie/person/nina-khada-1159749/|work=Entertainment.ie|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Entertainment.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Khada Nina|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=50406|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Nina Khada|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/nina-khada/50406|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mwaka [[1991]] na wazazi wa Aljeria huko [[Nancy]] nchini [[Ufaransa]], Khada alisomea uhariri na uandishi wa habari za utangazaji, na akahitimu na [[Uzamili|shahada ya Uzamili]] katika utengenezaji wa filamu za makala kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Aix-Marseille mwaka [[2014]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] j85iy6hhpwt5c6mt6nismlub8igo057 0 236322 1545651 1545563 2026-05-18T15:21:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Frederick Angotti''' (16 Januari 1938 – 15 Septemba 2021) alikuwa mchezaji na kocha wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa ice hockey, ambaye alicheza misimu kumi katika National Hockey League (NHL). Alichezea timu za New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins na St. Louis Blues kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi 1974. == Maisha ya awali == Angotti alizaliwa [[Toronto]] tarehe 16 Januari 1938.<ref name=Meltzer>{{cite news|title=Flyers Family Mourns Lou Angotti|url=[https://www.nhl.com/flyers/news/flyers-family-mourns-lou-angotti/c-326172936|first=Bill|last=Meltzer|date=September](https://www.nhl.com/flyers/news/flyers-family-mourns-lou-angotti/c-326172936|first=Bill|last=Meltzer|date=September) 16, 2021|accessdate=September 18, 2021|publisher=Philadelphia Flyers}}</ref> Alicheza hoki ya vijana (junior hockey) katika timu ya Toronto St. Michael's Majors. Baadaye alijiunga na Michigan Tech University ambako alisoma shahada ya uhandisi huku pia akichezea timu zao zenye ushindani mkubwa wa chuo kikuu.<ref name=Peterson>{{cite news|title=Legends: Angotti never forgot his C.C. roots|url=[https://www.mininggazette.com/sports/local-sports/2020/12/legends-angotti-never-forgot-his-c-c-roots/|first=Paul|last=Peterson|date=December](https://www.mininggazette.com/sports/local-sports/2020/12/legends-angotti-never-forgot-his-c-c-roots/|first=Paul|last=Peterson|date=December) 26, 2020|access-date=September 18, 2021|newspaper=The Daily Mining Gazette|location=Houghton, Michigan}}</ref> Alishiriki katika fainali mbili za mashindano ya NCAA, akipoteza fainali ya mwaka 1960 lakini kushinda ya mwaka 1962. Alikuwa Mchezaji Bora (MVP) katika mashindano yote mawili na alichaguliwa katika Timu Bora ya Kwanza ya WCHA kwa msimu wa 1961–62 wa hoki ya wanaume ya NCAA.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObS3yFF0nAYC&dq=lou+angotti+engineering&pg=PA88|title=Hockey](https://books.google.com/books?id=ObS3yFF0nAYC&dq=lou+angotti+engineering&pg=PA88|title=Hockey) in Rochester: The Americans' Tradition|first=Blaise M.|last=Lamphier|date=September 17, 2004|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738536941|via=Google Books}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2021}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] egq37hb1983d81qpmmte08ec7yjnzpj 0 236325 1545711 1545569 2026-05-18T17:48:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Michael (Mathias) Anton''' (Agosti 7, 1941 – Novemba 11, 2023) alikuwa mchezaji wa curling kutoka [[Kanada]], akiwa na asili ya [[Medicine Hat, Alberta]].<ref name="Wood">{{Rejea habari|title=Larry Wood|url=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/](https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/) |date=Oktoba 11, 1961 |last=Wood |first=Larry |newspaper=[[Calgary Herald]] |page=18 |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231114144228/https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/](https://web.archive.org/web/20231114144228/https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/) |archive-date=Novemba 14, 2023 |access-date=Novemba 20, 2023}}</ref> Alikuwa akicheza kama mchezaji wa nafasi ya tatu (third) katika kikosi cha Hec Gervais kilichoshinda mashindano ya Brier ya mwaka 1961 na 1974.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=[http://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/](http://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/) |title=Classic Curler: Hector Gervais |website=[[Curling Canada]] |date=Septemba 20, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174633/https://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/](https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174633/https://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/) |archive-date=Machi 21, 2023 |access-date=Novemba 20, 2023}}</ref> Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa curling kutumia “slider” kwenye kisigino chake wakati wa kurusha jiwe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1941|2023}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 53wdzf4h9qm2q2i7o6ufcr7idk97rur 0 236330 1545737 1545575 2026-05-18T18:32:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Merille Ernest "Ty" Arbour''' (29 Juni 1896 – 11 Februari 1979) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa hoki ya barafu aliyeshiriki katika ligi ya National Hockey League (NHL) na Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Alizaliwa huko Waubaushene, Ontario. Alikuwa kaka mkubwa wa mchezaji Jack Arbour. Ty Arbour alianza taaluma yake katika maeneo ya magharibi mwa Kanada baada ya kuhudumu katika Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia. Baadaye alichezea timu ya Pittsburgh Pirates na pia alikuwa nahodha wa Chicago Black Hawks katika NHL.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://blackhawks.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=46621|title=Blackhawks](http://blackhawks.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=46621|title=Blackhawks) Historic Leadership}}</ref> Baada ya hapo alimaliza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akicheza katika ligi za madaraja ya chini (minors).<ref>{{cite web |title=Legends of Hockey -- NHL Player Search -- Player -- Ty Arbour |url=[http://www.hhof.com/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11862](http://www.hhof.com/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11862) |website=HHOF.com |access-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170801081830/http://www.hhof.com/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11862](https://web.archive.org/web/20170801081830/http://www.hhof.com/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11862) |archive-date=August 1, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1896|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] phvoc5g6es916gf8e1r443j9f4wfkvs 0 236332 1545606 1545578 2026-05-18T13:33:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilles Archambault''' (alizaliwa 9 Machi 1934 – alifariki25 Oktoba 2009) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mpira wa miguu wa Kanada. Alichezea timu za Calgary Stampeders na Ottawa Rough Riders. Kabla ya kuingia katika soka la kulipwa, alicheza soka ya vijana (junior football) huko Ottawa na pia katika Verdun, Quebec.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gilles Archambault football statistics | website=StatsCrew.com | url=[https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001](https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001) | access-date=2025-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title) = Gilles Archambault Obituary (2009) - Ottawa Citizen| website=[[Legacy.com]] }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2009}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] irgpm4jn4n11pcxt1dxtfohl8ze1ovi 1546072 1545606 2026-05-19T09:18:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gilles Archambault (Mpira wa Kanada)]] hadi [[Gilles Archambault (mwanasoka wa Kanada)]]: usahihi wa jina 1545606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilles Archambault''' (alizaliwa 9 Machi 1934 – alifariki25 Oktoba 2009) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mpira wa miguu wa Kanada. Alichezea timu za Calgary Stampeders na Ottawa Rough Riders. Kabla ya kuingia katika soka la kulipwa, alicheza soka ya vijana (junior football) huko Ottawa na pia katika Verdun, Quebec.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gilles Archambault football statistics | website=StatsCrew.com | url=[https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001](https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001) | access-date=2025-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title) = Gilles Archambault Obituary (2009) - Ottawa Citizen| website=[[Legacy.com]] }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2009}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] irgpm4jn4n11pcxt1dxtfohl8ze1ovi 1546074 1546072 2026-05-19T09:19:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilles Archambault''' (9 Machi 1934 – 25 Oktoba 2009) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]]. Alichezea timu za Calgary Stampeders na Ottawa Rough Riders. Kabla ya kuingia katika soka la kulipwa, alicheza soka ya vijana huko Ottawa na pia katika Verdun, Quebec.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gilles Archambault football statistics | website=StatsCrew.com | url=[https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001](https://www.statscrew.com/football/stats/p-archagil001) | access-date=2025-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=gilles-archambault&pid=135117716|title) = Gilles Archambault Obituary (2009) - Ottawa Citizen| website=[[Legacy.com]] }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1934|2009}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 7rhpoov3squxv0ekjm76oblyvkheu6l 0 236338 1545584 2026-05-18T12:00:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ken Armstrong''' (amezaliwa 12 Oktoba 1953) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa kuruka majini (diving). Alishiriki katika mashindano mawili ya diving katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45904](https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45904) |title=Ken Armstrong |work=Olympedia |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika Commonwealth Games kama mwakil...' 1545584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Armstrong''' (amezaliwa 12 Oktoba 1953) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa kuruka majini (diving). Alishiriki katika mashindano mawili ya diving katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45904](https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/45904) |title=Ken Armstrong |work=Olympedia |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika Commonwealth Games kama mwakilishi wa Kanada, akishiriki katika mashindano ya diving ya mwaka 1974 na 1978. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] qdpevxioxyuxn7bcguv6x6396b3x5qm 0 236339 1545585 2026-05-18T12:06:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yvonne "Bonnie" Maldonado''' ni [[daktari]] nchini [[Marekani]], daktari wa watoto, na Profesa wa Matibabu ya Watoto na wa Utafiti wa Afya na Sera katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], akibobea katika Magonjwa ya Kuambukiza. Alianzisha Kliniki ya UKIMWI ya watoto ya Stanford na sasa anahudumu kama Naibu Mkuu Mwenza wa Kitivo wa Maendeleo na Tofauti katika Shule ya Tiba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/...' 1545585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne "Bonnie" Maldonado''' ni [[daktari]] nchini [[Marekani]], daktari wa watoto, na Profesa wa Matibabu ya Watoto na wa Utafiti wa Afya na Sera katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], akibobea katika Magonjwa ya Kuambukiza. Alianzisha Kliniki ya UKIMWI ya watoto ya Stanford na sasa anahudumu kama Naibu Mkuu Mwenza wa Kitivo wa Maendeleo na Tofauti katika Shule ya Tiba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2018/11/01/qa-stanford-medicine-professor-yvonne-maldonado-on-receiving-the-2018-rise-award-for-mentoring-and-leadership/|title=Q&A: Stanford Medicine Professor Yvonne Maldonado on receiving the 2018 RISE Award for mentoring and leadership|last=Kaur|first=Manat|date=2018-11-01|website=The Stanford Daily|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/On-the-front-lines-The-dynamic-collaboration-15173260.php|title=Bay Area scientists forge alliance to stop coronavirus — it may prove key to cure|last=Fimrite|first=Peter|date=2020-04-03|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eqs9ntjhq5i6er0go1hhbzwbccixr4v 1545865 1545585 2026-05-19T01:21:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne "Bonnie" Maldonado''' ni [[daktari]] nchini [[Marekani]], daktari wa watoto, na Profesa wa Matibabu ya Watoto na wa Utafiti wa Afya na Sera katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], akibobea katika Magonjwa ya Kuambukiza. Alianzisha Kliniki ya UKIMWI ya watoto ya Stanford na sasa anahudumu kama Naibu Mkuu Mwenza wa Kitivo wa Maendeleo na Tofauti katika Shule ya Tiba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2018/11/01/qa-stanford-medicine-professor-yvonne-maldonado-on-receiving-the-2018-rise-award-for-mentoring-and-leadership/|title=Q&A: Stanford Medicine Professor Yvonne Maldonado on receiving the 2018 RISE Award for mentoring and leadership|last=Kaur|first=Manat|date=2018-11-01|website=The Stanford Daily|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/science/article/On-the-front-lines-The-dynamic-collaboration-15173260.php|title=Bay Area scientists forge alliance to stop coronavirus — it may prove key to cure|last=Fimrite|first=Peter|date=2020-04-03|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3vuhx2fpsvw5h8jveot7eb4x424a0gb 0 236340 1545586 2026-05-18T12:14:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Timothy S. Armstrong''' (amezaliwa Mei 12, 1967) ni mchezaji mstaafu wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu. Alicheza michezo 11 katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Hoki ya Barafu (National Hockey League) akiwa na timu ya nyumbani ya Toronto Maple Leafs wakati wa msimu wa 1988–89, akifunga bao moja. Kazi yake yote ya hoki ya kulipwa ilidumu kuanzia 1987 hadi 1991, ambapo sehemu kubwa aliicheza katika American Hockey League (American Hockey League). == Maisha...' 1545586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy S. Armstrong''' (amezaliwa Mei 12, 1967) ni mchezaji mstaafu wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu. Alicheza michezo 11 katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Hoki ya Barafu (National Hockey League) akiwa na timu ya nyumbani ya Toronto Maple Leafs wakati wa msimu wa 1988–89, akifunga bao moja. Kazi yake yote ya hoki ya kulipwa ilidumu kuanzia 1987 hadi 1991, ambapo sehemu kubwa aliicheza katika American Hockey League (American Hockey League). == Maisha ya awali == Armstrong alizaliwa Toronto, Ontario. Akiwa kijana, alishiriki katika mashindano ya mwaka 1980 ya Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament akiwa na timu ya Toronto Young Nationals ya hoki ya vijana.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.publicationsports.com/ressources/files/439/Joueurs_Pro.pdf|title=Orodha](https://www.publicationsports.com/ressources/files/439/Joueurs_Pro.pdf|title=Orodha) ya wachezaji wa Pee-Wee waliowahi kufika NHL au WHA|year=2018|website=Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament|access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b5pn0b806zdbcwystl0yr6z1arwbjf0 0 236341 1545587 2026-05-18T12:37:25Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353785685|Culture of Palestine]]" 1545587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIsmail_Elmokadem2005">Ismail Elmokadem (10 December 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014 "Book records Palestinian art history"]. Archived from [http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014 the original] on 19 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanny_Moran">Danny Moran. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html "Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature"]. Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature. Archived from [http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html the original] on 31 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> 6tyd1jqzgexj0ktjwgnwp0yclnqzekw 1545588 1545587 2026-05-18T12:38:36Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} mm3n0xh3bzh97u2ccz5j54c30uttse1 1545589 1545588 2026-05-18T12:42:17Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|caption]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 10pdg7n0p3wq3e0ul9sss73h3wttlel 1545590 1545589 2026-05-18T12:44:37Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Mavazi ya kitamaduni */ 1545590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} rxzg76da9v3kn6ynnt94n32jy1d1w3l 1545591 1545590 2026-05-18T12:47:50Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 9rz82yehy0moefgpcvydw7unma6b8p0 1545592 1545591 2026-05-18T12:51:21Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} r833mrfa7izq4j7wtcw00ovdcwtkysc 1545595 1545592 2026-05-18T12:55:43Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545595 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa Wapalestina mwaka wa 1948 kulisababisha kuvurugika kwa mitindo ya kitamaduni ya mavazi na desturi, kwani wanawake wengi waliokuwa wamefukuzwa hawakuweza tena kumudu muda au pesa za kuwekeza katika biashara. Mitindo mipya ilianza kuonekana miaka ya 1960. Kwa mfano, "gauni lenye matawi sita" lililopewa jina kutokana na bendi sita pana za upambaji zinazoshuka kutoka kiunoni. Mitindo hii ilitoka katika kambi za wakimbizi, hasa baada ya 1967. Mitindo ya kijiji kimoja kimoja ilipotea na kubadilishwa na mtindo wa "Wapalestina" unaotambulika. Shawal, mtindo maarufu katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jordan kabla ya Intifada ya Kwanza, labda ilitokana na mojawapo ya miradi mingi ya ushonaji wa ustawi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Ilikuwa mtindo mfupi na mwembamba zaidi, pamoja na mtindo wa magharibi. Keffiyeh, ambayo pia inajulikana kama "hattah", ni vazi la kichwani la kitamaduni nyeusi na nyeupe linalovaliwa na wakulima wa Palestina. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Waarabu ya miaka ya 1930, imekuwa ishara maarufu ya upinzani wa Wapalestina katika mzozo wa Wapalestina wa Israeli. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 7t4o1iq03qikq0x5vr4j0rsb6yu7jpq 1545607 1545595 2026-05-18T13:35:52Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa Wapalestina mwaka wa 1948 kulisababisha kuvurugika kwa mitindo ya kitamaduni ya mavazi na desturi, kwani wanawake wengi waliokuwa wamefukuzwa hawakuweza tena kumudu muda au pesa za kuwekeza katika biashara. Mitindo mipya ilianza kuonekana miaka ya 1960. Kwa mfano, "gauni lenye matawi sita" lililopewa jina kutokana na bendi sita pana za upambaji zinazoshuka kutoka kiunoni. Mitindo hii ilitoka katika kambi za wakimbizi, hasa baada ya 1967. Mitindo ya kijiji kimoja kimoja ilipotea na kubadilishwa na mtindo wa "Wapalestina" unaotambulika. Shawal, mtindo maarufu katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jordan kabla ya Intifada ya Kwanza, labda ilitokana na mojawapo ya miradi mingi ya ushonaji wa ustawi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Ilikuwa mtindo mfupi na mwembamba zaidi, pamoja na mtindo wa magharibi. Keffiyeh, ambayo pia inajulikana kama "hattah", ni vazi la kichwani la kitamaduni nyeusi na nyeupe linalovaliwa na wakulima wa Palestina. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Waarabu ya miaka ya 1930, imekuwa ishara maarufu ya upinzani wa Wapalestina katika mzozo wa Wapalestina wa Israeli. Mnamo 2021, vitambaa vya Palestina viliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa UNESCO.<ref name=":1" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} emok6i6u5ouxkt6ihde4kjgbesfo1jv 1545634 1545607 2026-05-18T14:27:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa Wapalestina mwaka wa 1948 kulisababisha kuvurugika kwa mitindo ya kitamaduni ya mavazi na desturi, kwani wanawake wengi waliokuwa wamefukuzwa hawakuweza tena kumudu muda au pesa za kuwekeza katika biashara. Mitindo mipya ilianza kuonekana miaka ya 1960. Kwa mfano, "gauni lenye matawi sita" lililopewa jina kutokana na bendi sita pana za upambaji zinazoshuka kutoka kiunoni. Mitindo hii ilitoka katika kambi za wakimbizi, hasa baada ya 1967. Mitindo ya kijiji kimoja kimoja ilipotea na kubadilishwa na mtindo wa "Wapalestina" unaotambulika. Shawal, mtindo maarufu katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jordan kabla ya Intifada ya Kwanza, labda ilitokana na mojawapo ya miradi mingi ya ushonaji wa ustawi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Ilikuwa mtindo mfupi na mwembamba zaidi, pamoja na mtindo wa magharibi. Keffiyeh, ambayo pia inajulikana kama "hattah", ni vazi la kichwani la kitamaduni nyeusi na nyeupe linalovaliwa na wakulima wa Palestina. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Waarabu ya miaka ya 1930, imekuwa ishara maarufu ya upinzani wa Wapalestina katika mzozo wa Wapalestina wa Israeli. Mnamo 2021, vitambaa vya Palestina viliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa UNESCO.<ref name=":1" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] ru1pjaizl3bubyk5mji6x76nna3o5wo 1545744 1545634 2026-05-18T18:40:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana wa Kipalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto wa Kipalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa Wapalestina mwaka wa 1948 kulisababisha kuvurugika kwa mitindo ya kitamaduni ya mavazi na desturi, kwani wanawake wengi waliokuwa wamefukuzwa hawakuweza tena kumudu muda au pesa za kuwekeza katika biashara. Mitindo mipya ilianza kuonekana miaka ya 1960. Kwa mfano, "gauni lenye matawi sita" lililopewa jina kutokana na bendi sita pana za upambaji zinazoshuka kutoka kiunoni. Mitindo hii ilitoka katika kambi za wakimbizi, hasa baada ya 1967. Mitindo ya kijiji kimoja kimoja ilipotea na kubadilishwa na mtindo wa "Wapalestina" unaotambulika. Shawal, mtindo maarufu katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jordan kabla ya Intifada ya Kwanza, labda ilitokana na mojawapo ya miradi mingi ya ushonaji wa ustawi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Ilikuwa mtindo mfupi na mwembamba zaidi, pamoja na mtindo wa magharibi. Keffiyeh, ambayo pia inajulikana kama "hattah", ni vazi la kichwani la kitamaduni nyeusi na nyeupe linalovaliwa na wakulima wa Palestina. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Waarabu ya miaka ya 1930, imekuwa ishara maarufu ya upinzani wa Wapalestina katika mzozo wa Wapalestina wa Israeli. Mnamo 2021, vitambaa vya Palestina viliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa UNESCO.<ref name=":1" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] j1kj534d1w4dytzcydliynn0zps0007 1546089 1545744 2026-05-19T09:42:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestinian_girls_dancing_Dabke.jpg|right|thumb|Wasichana Wapalestina wakicheza dabke]] [[File:Six_cushions_from_Palestine.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Tatreez|Ushonaji wa Kipalestina]]]] [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Watoto Wapalestina wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya kitamaduni]] '''Utamaduni wa Palestina''' unaathiriwa na tamaduni na dini nyingi tofauti ambazo zimekuwepo katika eneo la kihistoria la Palestina. Urithi wa kitamaduni na lugha wa Waarabu wa Palestina pamoja na Walebanoni, Washami na Wajordani ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Waarabu wa Levantine. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7rOEAAAQBAJ|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]|last=Albala|first=Ken|date=2011-05-25|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-313-37627-6|language=en}}</ref> Wapalestina pia wana lahaja yao ya Kiarabu, lahaja ya Kipalestina. Michango ya kitamaduni katika nyanja za [[Usanii|sanaa]], [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], mavazi na [[Kupika|vyakula]] huelezea utambulisho wa Wapalestina licha ya utengano wa kijiografia kati ya Wapalestina na [[Palestina|maeneo ya Wapalestina]], raia wa Palestina wa Israeli na Wapalestina walioko ughaibuni. <ref name="Elmokadem">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book records Palestinian art history|author=Ismail Elmokadem|date=10 December 2005|accessdate=2008-04-18|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419034952/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17014|archivedate=19 April 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Moran">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manchester Festival of Palestinian Literature|publisher=Manchester Festival of Palestinian literature|url=http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|author=Danny Moran|accessdate=2008-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331031413/http://www.fabrikation.co.uk/mlpf/about.html|archivedate=March 31, 2008}}</ref> Utamaduni wa Palestina unajumuisha chakula, densi, hadithi, historia simulizi, [[methali]], vichekesho, imani maarufu, desturi, na inajumuisha mila (ikiwa ni pamoja na mila simulizi) za utamaduni wa Palestina. Uamsho wa wasomi wa ngano miongoni mwa wasomi wa Kipalestina kama vile [[Nimr Sirhan]], [[Musa Allush]], [[Salim Mubayyid]] na wengine ulisisitiza mizizi ya kitamaduni ya kabla [[Uislamu|ya Uislamu]]. Urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa Palestina umetambuliwa na UNESCO, huku maandishi ya kwanza ya hikaye ya Palestina yakiandikwa mwaka wa 2008 kwenye orodha yake ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8a5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Palestine+hikaye&pg=PA17|title=Yearbook of Transnational History: (2023)|last=Adam|first=Thomas|last2=Stiefel|first2=Barry L.|last3=Peleg|first3=Shelley-Anne|date=2023-04-17|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-68393-379-3|pages=17–18|language=en}}</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na orodha nyingine mnamo 2021 ya ushonaji wa Palestina, <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> dabke mnamo 2023, sabuni ya Nabulsi mnamo 2024, pamoja na orodha ya pamoja na Mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kwa ajili ya maandishi ya maandishi, ujuzi na matumizi ya mitende, sanaa na desturi za kuchonga chuma na sanaa ya hina. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |title=Calligraphy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |doi=10.1163/1570-6699_eall_eall_dum_0028 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNESCO - Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/date-palm-knowledge-skills-traditions-and-practices-01902|accessdate=2023-11-10|work=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> ==Mavazi ya kitamaduni== [[File:Bethlehengirlsintraditionaldresspre1918.jpg|thumb|Wasichana wakiwa wamevalia mavazi ya Bethlehemu kabla ya 1885]]Wasafiri wa kigeni waliokwenda Palestina mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 mara nyingi walitoa maoni kuhusu aina mbalimbali za mavazi ya kitamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Palestina na hasa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kijamaa au wa kijijini. Hadi miaka ya 1940, hali ya kiuchumi ya mwanamke, iwe ameolewa au hajaoa, na mji au eneo alilotoka vingeweza kueleweka na wanawake wengi wa Kipalestina kwa aina ya kitambaa, rangi, mikato, na michoro ya ushonaji, au ukosefu wake, unaotumika kwa gauni linalofanana na joho au "thoub" kwa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Saudi Aramco World : Woven Legacy, Woven Language|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199101/woven.legacy.woven.language.htm|work=www.saudiaramcoworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa Wapalestina mwaka wa 1948 kulisababisha kuvurugika kwa mitindo ya kitamaduni ya mavazi na desturi, kwani wanawake wengi waliokuwa wamefukuzwa hawakuweza tena kumudu muda au pesa za kuwekeza katika biashara. Mitindo mipya ilianza kuonekana miaka ya 1960. Kwa mfano, "gauni lenye matawi sita" lililopewa jina kutokana na bendi sita pana za upambaji zinazoshuka kutoka kiunoni. Mitindo hii ilitoka katika kambi za wakimbizi, hasa baada ya 1967. Mitindo ya kijiji kimoja kimoja ilipotea na kubadilishwa na mtindo wa "Wapalestina" unaotambulika. Shawal, mtindo maarufu katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jordan kabla ya Intifada ya Kwanza, labda ilitokana na mojawapo ya miradi mingi ya ushonaji wa ustawi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Ilikuwa mtindo mfupi na mwembamba zaidi, pamoja na mtindo wa magharibi. Keffiyeh, ambayo pia inajulikana kama "hattah", ni vazi la kichwani la kitamaduni nyeusi na nyeupe linalovaliwa na wakulima wa Palestina. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Waarabu ya miaka ya 1930, imekuwa ishara maarufu ya upinzani wa Wapalestina katika mzozo wa Wapalestina wa Israeli. Mnamo 2021, vitambaa vya Palestina viliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya urithi wa kitamaduni usiogusika wa UNESCO.<ref name=":1" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Palestina]] [[Jamii:utamaduni nchi kwa nchi|P]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 4gf5td4fxndz6lpkbi2if3z5scjugf0 0 236342 1545596 2026-05-18T12:55:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Main''' ([[1943]] – [[Januari 6]], [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mwanasaikolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake katika uwanja wa uhusiano wa kushikamana (attachment). Profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley, <ref>University of Gothenburg (2007). Honorary doctorate for Mary Main. Available at: http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/pdf/Mary_Main_honorary_degree.pdf</ref><ref>University of Haifa (2011). Honorary doctorate a...' 1545596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Main''' ([[1943]] – [[Januari 6]], [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mwanasaikolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake katika uwanja wa uhusiano wa kushikamana (attachment). Profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley, <ref>University of Gothenburg (2007). Honorary doctorate for Mary Main. Available at: http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/pdf/Mary_Main_honorary_degree.pdf</ref><ref>University of Haifa (2011). Honorary doctorate awarded to Prof. Mary Main. Available at: {{cite web |url=http://newmedia-eng.haifa.ac.il/?p=5107 |title=University of Haifa » Honorary doctorate awarded to Prof. Mary Main |accessdate=2015-09-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602061335/http://newmedia-eng.haifa.ac.il/?p=5107 |archivedate=2016-06-02 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] 4gktv5h1wnq6ij33i3myf18xqi9xgg0 0 236343 1545599 2026-05-18T13:01:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agenor Mafra-Neto''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 31]], [[1964]]) ni mtafiti wa ikolojia ya kemikali na [[mjasiriamali]] katika uwanja wa wadudu wa ikolojia ya kemikali. Yeye ni Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji (CEO) wa ISCA Technologies, kampuni iliyobobea katika ukuzaji wa dawa ya udhibiti wa wadudu waharibifu, mitego ya kisasa ya roboti, na nanohisi (nanosensors).<ref>[http://www.iscatech.com/exec/index.htm Iscatech.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/201102240...' 1545599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agenor Mafra-Neto''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 31]], [[1964]]) ni mtafiti wa ikolojia ya kemikali na [[mjasiriamali]] katika uwanja wa wadudu wa ikolojia ya kemikali. Yeye ni Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji (CEO) wa ISCA Technologies, kampuni iliyobobea katika ukuzaji wa dawa ya udhibiti wa wadudu waharibifu, mitego ya kisasa ya roboti, na nanohisi (nanosensors).<ref>[http://www.iscatech.com/exec/index.htm Iscatech.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224095056/http://www.iscatech.com/exec/index.htm |date=February 24, 2011 }}. Iscatech.com. Retrieved on January 24, 2012.</ref><ref>Mafra-Neto, A. & R.T. Cardé. 1996. Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of [[moth]]s using the single-pulse response as a template. Experientia 52:373–379.</ref><ref name="GroupedRef2">Mafra-Neto, A., Baker, T.C., 1996a. Timed, metered sprays of pheromone disrupt mating of [[Cadra cautella]] ([[Lepidoptera]]: [[Pyralidae]]). J. Agric. Entomol. 13, 149–168.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9t6gybvi1e7qv2n912g63het4w4jlda 0 236344 1545602 2026-05-18T13:03:10Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Horace Welcome Babcock''' ([[Septemba 13]], [[1912]] – [[Agosti 29]], [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwanaastronomia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa [[Harold D. Babcock]].<ref>Babcock, H.W. (1953) “The possibility of compensating astronomical seeing,” ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', '''65''' (386) : 229–236. Available at: [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&amp;data_type=...' 1545602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Horace Welcome Babcock''' ([[Septemba 13]], [[1912]] – [[Agosti 29]], [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwanaastronomia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa [[Harold D. Babcock]].<ref>Babcock, H.W. (1953) “The possibility of compensating astronomical seeing,” ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', '''65''' (386) : 229–236. Available at: [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&amp;data_type=PDF_HIGH&amp;whole_paper=YES&amp;type=PRINTER&amp;filetype=.pdf Astrophysics Data System]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Adaptive optics' come into focus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12500626|newspaper=[[BBC]]|date=18 February 2011|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] 6kepxh35ebscc09p8vsssz3e62cqsyf 0 236345 1545610 2026-05-18T13:52:15Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laurence Armstrong''' (2 Septemba 1891 – 21 Desemba 1968) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mbio fupi (sprinter).<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/65951](https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/65951) |title=Laurence Armstrong |work=Olympedia |access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano matatu katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1924.<ref name="sports-reference">{{cite web |url=[https://www.sports-refe...' 1545610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurence Armstrong''' (2 Septemba 1891 – 21 Desemba 1968) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mbio fupi (sprinter).<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/65951](https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/65951) |title=Laurence Armstrong |work=Olympedia |access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano matatu katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1924.<ref name="sports-reference">{{cite web |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/larry-armstrong-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/larry-armstrong-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011719/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/larry-armstrong-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011719/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/larry-armstrong-1.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |title=Laurence Armstrong Olympic Results |access-date=October 21, 2012 |work=sports-reference.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] hbo31jb2lg878yqqoa3u8pg8rbv51e5 0 236346 1545611 2026-05-18T13:57:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marvin Arneson''' (amezaliwa 7 Julai 1943) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa ndondi. Alishiriki katika kitengo cha wanaume cha uzito wa lightweight katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1968.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/...' 1545611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marvin Arneson''' (amezaliwa 7 Julai 1943) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa ndondi. Alishiriki katika kitengo cha wanaume cha uzito wa lightweight katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1968.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418110152/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418110152/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/marvin-arneson-1.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Marvin Arneson Olympic Results |accessdate=10 December 2018}}</ref> Katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 1968, alishindwa na John Stracey wa Uingereza.<ref name="SportsRef"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BoxRec|896320}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 8g9vrcudnhbsirwp5o4ngtezdbdk68r 0 236347 1545612 2026-05-18T13:59:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frank Clarence “Crash” Arnett''' (Juni 2, 1932 – Julai 16, 2024) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu ambaye alicheza jumla ya michezo 529 katika Western Hockey League akiwa na timu za Seattle Bombers, Winnipeg Warriors, Seattle Totems na Los Angeles Blades. Arnett alifariki tarehe 16 Julai 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francis Clarence Arnett Obituary (2024) - Georgetown, TX - Ramsey Funeral Home & Crematorium |url=[https:/...' 1545612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Clarence “Crash” Arnett''' (Juni 2, 1932 – Julai 16, 2024) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu ambaye alicheza jumla ya michezo 529 katika Western Hockey League akiwa na timu za Seattle Bombers, Winnipeg Warriors, Seattle Totems na Los Angeles Blades. Arnett alifariki tarehe 16 Julai 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francis Clarence Arnett Obituary (2024) - Georgetown, TX - Ramsey Funeral Home & Crematorium |url=[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/francis-arnett-obituary?id=55642456](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/francis-arnett-obituary?id=55642456) |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{hockeydb|11518}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnett, Frank}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 1yjpyr9eygqgc48tr75idxabxh02ty7 1545798 1545612 2026-05-18T22:13:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Clarence “Crash” Arnett''' (Juni 2, 1932 – Julai 16, 2024) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu ambaye alicheza jumla ya michezo 529 katika Western Hockey League akiwa na timu za Seattle Bombers, Winnipeg Warriors, Seattle Totems na Los Angeles Blades. Arnett alifariki tarehe 16 Julai 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Francis Clarence Arnett Obituary (2024) - Georgetown, TX - Ramsey Funeral Home & Crematorium |url=[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/francis-arnett-obituary?id=55642456](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/francis-arnett-obituary?id=55642456) |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{hockeydb|11518}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnett, Frank}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] b4nu6jgakownn6lxwxo3o1sxvfcmymh 0 236348 1545613 2026-05-18T13:59:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344955679|Human rights in the Middle East]]" 1545613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> olqkqsmcmrn8wi1usoswpl7jjqqv8il 1545614 1545613 2026-05-18T14:00:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 0lz5z0z20ya0deag0cvr567sk72635h 1545617 1545614 2026-05-18T14:03:15Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 636ya34ip4gssy690n8acks94vn7y7p 1545619 1545617 2026-05-18T14:05:22Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi." ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} sv3dvcaqdng24t7nb7v32wnqi24owme 1545620 1545619 2026-05-18T14:07:06Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 3nklwb26wb3t0tjg1xvlfv94u5t9qlu 1545622 1545620 2026-05-18T14:11:03Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a. Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu." ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} dspd6xanw62z6sg2xs5x10fffcoqwe5 1545625 1545622 2026-05-18T14:13:59Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545625 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} rsoy1lwnlbs78nrcujz9t3cotgdyr9m 1545627 1545625 2026-05-18T14:15:39Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} mey6v5oe5l5enoic4y9a2ns22awp7ux 1545636 1545627 2026-05-18T14:30:07Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] ftfgq4uil2zcohjijkuzlxyyishtrpz 1545637 1545636 2026-05-18T14:35:32Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu, ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] l515vabuftdmkgy364nkkhstxoantpq 1545638 1545637 2026-05-18T14:37:40Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545638 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] n0972lsk3cwurrk8sje9zji6bk74ciz 1545639 1545638 2026-05-18T14:39:39Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 2xevlvmcettim7e4d4i8eaku3l838py 1545800 1545639 2026-05-18T22:22:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1545800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 4ivsmatvjnphc8t8nrdjq0t1onjja9x 1546092 1545800 2026-05-19T09:43:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya kati]] hadi [[Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1545800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu katika Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa [[Haki za binadamu|ya haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu [[Umoja wa Mataifa|ya Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, Historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== ===Wajibu wa kimataifa=== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Cairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 4ivsmatvjnphc8t8nrdjq0t1onjja9x 1546096 1546092 2026-05-19T09:45:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa ya [[haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Kairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] hiqwjuth4lcni92e8gp7fgkbgzsl6c6 0 236349 1545615 2026-05-18T14:01:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alexander A. Balandin''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa vifaa, mhandisi wa umeme, na [[mwanafizikia]] wa hali dhabiti nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa ugunduzi wa mali za kipekee za joto za graphene na graphene ya tabaka chache na maelezo yao ya kinadharia. Yeye ni profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Riverside.<ref>A. Balandin and K. L. Wang, “Significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity due to phonon confinement in a free-standin...' 1545615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexander A. Balandin''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa vifaa, mhandisi wa umeme, na [[mwanafizikia]] wa hali dhabiti nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa ugunduzi wa mali za kipekee za joto za graphene na graphene ya tabaka chache na maelezo yao ya kinadharia. Yeye ni profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Riverside.<ref>A. Balandin and K. L. Wang, “Significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity due to phonon confinement in a free-standing semiconductor quantum well,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 1544–1549, Jul. 1998.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rkekyy97vh868zysefhuvtvxiasftc9 0 236350 1545621 2026-05-18T14:07:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barry Clark Barish''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 27]], [[1936]]) ni [[mwanafizikia]] wa majaribio nchini [[Marekani]] na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel. Yeye ni Profesa Linde wa Fizikia, emeritus katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[California]] na mtaalamu mkuu wa mawimbi ya uvutano (gravitational waves). Alishiriki kupokea Tuzo ya Nobel ya [[Fizikia]] mwaka [[2017]] kwa mchango wake katika LIGO na uchunguzi wa mawimbi ya uvutano.<ref name=nobel>{{cite web|title=The...' 1545621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barry Clark Barish''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 27]], [[1936]]) ni [[mwanafizikia]] wa majaribio nchini [[Marekani]] na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel. Yeye ni Profesa Linde wa Fizikia, emeritus katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[California]] na mtaalamu mkuu wa mawimbi ya uvutano (gravitational waves). Alishiriki kupokea Tuzo ya Nobel ya [[Fizikia]] mwaka [[2017]] kwa mchango wake katika LIGO na uchunguzi wa mawimbi ya uvutano.<ref name=nobel>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2017/press.html|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|date= October 3, 2017|access-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC-20171003">{{cite news |last1=Rincon |first1=Paul |last2=Amos |first2=Jonathan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41476648|title=Einstein's waves win Nobel Prize |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 3, 2017 |access-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20171003">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=2017 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to LIGO Black Hole Researchers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/science/nobel-prize-physics.html |date=October 3, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 3, 2017 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hvmoe6v1l2yxshlufw8q3q7kwv502k7 0 236351 1545623 2026-05-18T14:11:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</r...' 1545623 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] na halafu [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi zote mbili alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika Martyrologium Romanum kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] cxf81upi5qyka5h51bn5uzcian3lipv 1545626 1545623 2026-05-18T14:14:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1545626 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] na halafu [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi zote mbili alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/94715</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] lch9yemg25a3jfb02tsqoqe2cii5lsa 1545633 1545626 2026-05-18T14:26:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1545633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] na halafu [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi zote mbili alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/94715</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Uturuki]] ng9c0n0s4qcnot8ivuob3irf9pdjftl 1545646 1545633 2026-05-18T14:57:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1545646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[mmonaki]], halafu [[Upadri|padri]], [[askofu]] na hatimaye [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi hizo alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref> na [[Kanisa Katoliki]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/94715</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Uturuki]] 3git1l12x0mj6vhiihbqxqaizo5o3kl 1545647 1545646 2026-05-18T14:58:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1545647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[mmonaki]], halafu [[Upadri|padri]], [[askofu]] na hatimaye [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi hizo alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref> na [[Kanisa Katoliki]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/94715</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa pia kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Uturuki]] rwuy924ctjfdpwaibqq6vkezoif82gs 1545683 1545647 2026-05-18T17:06:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St. Nerses.jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa Mt. Nerses katika [[breviari]] ya Stepannos Vahkatsi (1269).]] [[image:Nerses shnorhali illustration.jpeg|200px|thumb|Nerses IV alivyochorwa katika [[kitabu]] ''Illustrated Armenia and Armenians'' (1898)<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Gaidzakian|first= Ohan|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedarmen00gaidrich|title=Illustrated Armenia and the Armenians|year=1898|publisher=B.H. Aznive|location=Boston|page=141}}</ref>.]] '''Nerses Shnorhali''' (pia: '''Nerses wa Kla''' au '''Nerses IV Mpendevu'''; kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սուրբ Ներսէս Դ. Կլայեցի (Շնորհալի); [[1102]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1173]]) alikuwa [[mmonaki]], halafu [[Upadri|padri]], [[askofu]] na hatimaye [[Patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]] kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1166]] hadi 1173. Katika nafasi hizo alijitahidi kurudisha [[umoja]] na [[Waorthodoksi|Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Attwater|first=Donald|year=1965|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin|page= 248}}</ref> na [[Kanisa Katoliki]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/94715</ref>. Nerses anakumbukwa pia kama [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Holding|first=Nicholas|title=Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh |location=Chalfont St. Peter|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year= 2006|page=44}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa]] lake kama [[mtakatifu]] na tangu [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]] [[2026]] [[Kanisa Katoliki]] limemuingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwenye tarehe 13 Agosti<ref>https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2026-05/nerses-shnorhali-grazioso-pioniere-ecumenismo-chiesa-armena.html</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == <references/> == Marejeo == * {{cite book |first=Nikoghos |last=Tahmizian |author-link=Nikoghos Tahmizian |title=Nerses Shnorhalin ergahan ev erazhisht |script-title=hy: Ներսես Շնորհալին երգահան և երաժիշտ |trans-title=''Nerses Shnorhali, composer and musician'' |language=hy |year=1973 |publisher=Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences |location=Yerevan |ref=none |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/337989/edition/308837/content}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/hymn "Aravot Louso"]. A famous poem by Nerses the Gracious. * [https://www.armenianchurch.eu/ Saint Nerses IV the Gracious, "I Confess with Faith."] Bibliography related to Saint Nerses Shnorhali and his most prominent prayer "I Confess with Faith," translated into more than 38 languages. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1102|Nerses IV]] [[Category:waliofariki 1173|Nerses IV]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Category:maaskofu]] [[Category:waandishi wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Armenia]] [[Category:watakatifu wa Uturuki]] cz4s9wltf4q51baxesu7h6k80aniskq 14 236352 1545628 2026-05-18T14:15:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:1173]]' 1545628 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:1173]] svbuof06sb3lnrl43dh3r83sfm0gu2d 0 236353 1545629 2026-05-18T14:16:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Natalie M. Batalha''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 14]], [[1966]]) ni [[profesa]] wa [[Astronomia]] na Astrofizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Santa Cruz]]. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanaastronomia wa utafiti katika Kitengo cha Sayansi ya Anga cha [[NASA]] Ames Research Center na alishikilia nafasi ya Kiongozi wa Timu ya Sayansi ([[2010]]-[[2012]]), Mwanasayansi wa Misheni (2012-[[2016]]), na Mwanasayansi wa Mradi (2016-[[2018]]) kwenye Misheni ya Kepler, mishen...' 1545629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie M. Batalha''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 14]], [[1966]]) ni [[profesa]] wa [[Astronomia]] na Astrofizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Santa Cruz]]. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanaastronomia wa utafiti katika Kitengo cha Sayansi ya Anga cha [[NASA]] Ames Research Center na alishikilia nafasi ya Kiongozi wa Timu ya Sayansi ([[2010]]-[[2012]]), Mwanasayansi wa Misheni (2012-[[2016]]), na Mwanasayansi wa Mradi (2016-[[2018]]) kwenye Misheni ya Kepler, misheni ya kwanza kuweza kupata sayari zenye ukubwa wa Dunia kuzunguka nyota nyingine. Kabla ya kuhamia NASA, Batalha alikuwa Profesa wa Fizikia na Astronomia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la San Jose ([[2002]]-2012).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolchover|first=Natalie|date=2021-12-03|title=The Webb Space Telescope Will Rewrite Cosmic History. If It Works.|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/why-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-matters-so-much-20211203/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Quanta Magazine|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ferris|first1=Timothy |last2=Archibald |first2=Timothy|title=Meet Natalie Batalha, the Explorer Who's Searching for Planets Across the Universe|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/natalie-batalha-explorer-searching-planets-across-universe-180967220/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ou897pvs44jbgpk8v20fxo2wyrwk4k2 1545630 1545629 2026-05-18T14:17:06Z Ally0111 85292 1545630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie M. Batalha''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 14]], [[1966]]) ni [[profesa]] wa [[Astronomia]] na Astrofizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Santa Cruz. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanaastronomia wa utafiti katika Kitengo cha Sayansi ya Anga cha [[NASA]] Ames Research Center na alishikilia nafasi ya Kiongozi wa Timu ya Sayansi ([[2010]]-[[2012]]), Mwanasayansi wa Misheni (2012-[[2016]]), na Mwanasayansi wa Mradi (2016-[[2018]]) kwenye Misheni ya Kepler, misheni ya kwanza kuweza kupata sayari zenye ukubwa wa Dunia kuzunguka nyota nyingine. Kabla ya kuhamia NASA, Batalha alikuwa Profesa wa Fizikia na Astronomia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la San Jose ([[2002]]-2012).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolchover|first=Natalie|date=2021-12-03|title=The Webb Space Telescope Will Rewrite Cosmic History. If It Works.|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/why-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-matters-so-much-20211203/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Quanta Magazine|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ferris|first1=Timothy |last2=Archibald |first2=Timothy|title=Meet Natalie Batalha, the Explorer Who's Searching for Planets Across the Universe|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/natalie-batalha-explorer-searching-planets-across-universe-180967220/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6zxw63g9b1sj30ykmd5ii7lu1rfx3z7 1545682 1545630 2026-05-18T17:04:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie M. Batalha''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 14]], [[1966]]) ni [[profesa]] wa [[Astronomia]] na Astrofizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Santa Cruz. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanaastronomia wa utafiti katika Kitengo cha Sayansi ya Anga cha [[NASA]] Ames Research Center na alishikilia nafasi ya Kiongozi wa Timu ya Sayansi ([[2010]]-[[2012]]), Mwanasayansi wa Misheni (2012-[[2016]]), na Mwanasayansi wa Mradi (2016-[[2018]]) kwenye Misheni ya Kepler, misheni ya kwanza kuweza kupata sayari zenye ukubwa wa Dunia kuzunguka nyota nyingine. Kabla ya kuhamia NASA, Batalha alikuwa Profesa wa Fizikia na Astronomia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la San Jose ([[2002]]-2012).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Wolchover|first=Natalie|date=2021-12-03|title=The Webb Space Telescope Will Rewrite Cosmic History. If It Works.|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/why-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-matters-so-much-20211203/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Quanta Magazine|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Ferris|first1=Timothy |last2=Archibald |first2=Timothy|title=Meet Natalie Batalha, the Explorer Who's Searching for Planets Across the Universe|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/natalie-batalha-explorer-searching-planets-across-universe-180967220/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2s7ousulbp8xjz2w1ejqbd9g4ljy4h3 0 236354 1545640 2026-05-18T14:39:47Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrew Alm Benson''' ([[Septemba 24]], [[1917]] – [[Januari 16]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] na profesa wa biolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California,[[ San Diego]], hadi alipostaafu mwaka [[1989]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika kuelewa mzunguko wa kaboni katika mimea. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanasayansi wa kwanza kugundua njia ya Calvin cycle ya [[Usanisinuru]].<ref name="hbdb">{{cite journal | url=http://www.life.illinois.edu...' 1545640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Alm Benson''' ([[Septemba 24]], [[1917]] – [[Januari 16]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] na profesa wa biolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California,[[ San Diego]], hadi alipostaafu mwaka [[1989]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika kuelewa mzunguko wa kaboni katika mimea. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanasayansi wa kwanza kugundua njia ya Calvin cycle ya [[Usanisinuru]].<ref name="hbdb">{{cite journal | url=http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/Honoring_AndrewABenson.pdf | title=Celebrating Andrew Alm Benson's 93rd birthday | author=Govindjee | author-link=Govindjee | journal=Photosynthesis Research |date=September 2010 | volume=105 | issue=3 | pages=201–8 | doi=10.1007/s11120-010-9591-3 | pmid=20811809 | bibcode=2010PhoRe.105..201G | s2cid=5694896 | issn=0166-8595}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/utsandiego/obituary.aspx?n=andrew-benson&pid=173956530| title = Andrew Benson Obituary (2015) - San Diego, CA - SanDiegoUnionTribune.com| website = [[Legacy.com]]}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] 8j4b1mv5ketqxl1q98lkpldxr2hn3ke 0 236355 1545650 2026-05-18T15:08:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samuel Blakeslee''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 25]], [[1955]]) ni seneta wa zamani wa Jimbo la [[California]] wa Chama cha Republican aliyewakilisha Eneo la 15 la Seneti ya Jimbo la California ambalo lilijumuisha kaunti za [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[Monterey Park, California|Monterey]], San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz na [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-draft-senate-districts.html...' 1545650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Blakeslee''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 25]], [[1955]]) ni seneta wa zamani wa Jimbo la [[California]] wa Chama cha Republican aliyewakilisha Eneo la 15 la Seneti ya Jimbo la California ambalo lilijumuisha kaunti za [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[Monterey Park, California|Monterey]], San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz na [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-draft-senate-districts.html |title=Maps: Final Draft Senate Districts &#124; California Citizens Redistricting Commission |access-date=2014-06-05 |archive-date=2014-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602041149/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-draft-senate-districts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Hapo awali alihudumu kama [[mbunge]] wa Bunge la California kutoka Eneo la 33 la Bunge la Jimbo la California, na alikuwa Kiongozi wa Republican wa Bunge la Jimbo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4acbto1oa8wuj1g3fxny4e7qi66co50 1545717 1545650 2026-05-18T17:54:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Blakeslee''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 25]], [[1955]]) ni seneta wa zamani wa Jimbo la [[California]] wa Chama cha Republican aliyewakilisha Eneo la 15 la Seneti ya Jimbo la California ambalo lilijumuisha kaunti za [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[Monterey Park, California|Monterey]], San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz na [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-draft-senate-districts.html |title=Maps: Final Draft Senate Districts &#124; California Citizens Redistricting Commission |access-date=2014-06-05 |archive-date=2014-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602041149/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/maps-final-draft-senate-districts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Hapo awali alihudumu kama [[mbunge]] wa Bunge la California kutoka Eneo la 33 la Bunge la Jimbo la California, na alikuwa Kiongozi wa Republican wa Bunge la Jimbo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ix4o8unpl0isemh4swlj8yuqnghtpez 0 236356 1545654 2026-05-18T15:29:55Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Oussedik''' (1920 au 1922 – Juni 1992) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa utaifa wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] na mmoja wa viongozi wa harakati za uhuru. Alizaliwa Ain El Hammam, French Algeria, katika familia ya Kiberber kutoka eneo la Kabylie.<ref>{{Citation|last=Press|first=The Associated|title=Omar Oussedik, Algerian Nationalist, 72|date=1992-06-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/15/obituaries/omar-oussedik-algerian-nationalist-72.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1972]] 3fkd8cygfr82x75mlw1o7h9g94kd7ol 0 236357 1545655 2026-05-18T15:31:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Henry Friston''' ([[1820]] – [[1906]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] katika Enzi ya Victoria. Anakumbukwa zaidi kama muundaji wa michoro ya kwanza ya ''Sherlock Holmes'' mwaka [[1887]], pamoja na michoro yake ya hadithi ya vampire ya kike ''Carmilla'' ([[1872]]). Pia anakumbukwa kwa michoro yake iliyoandamana na mapitio ya opera za ''Gilbert na Sullivan'' na tamthilia za ''W. S. Gilbert'' katika ''The Illustrated London News'' na...' 1545655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Henry Friston''' ([[1820]] – [[1906]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] katika Enzi ya Victoria. Anakumbukwa zaidi kama muundaji wa michoro ya kwanza ya ''Sherlock Holmes'' mwaka [[1887]], pamoja na michoro yake ya hadithi ya vampire ya kike ''Carmilla'' ([[1872]]). Pia anakumbukwa kwa michoro yake iliyoandamana na mapitio ya opera za ''Gilbert na Sullivan'' na tamthilia za ''W. S. Gilbert'' katika ''The Illustrated London News'' na ''Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News'' katika miaka ya [[1870]] na [[1880]].<ref>Davenport, Emma Anne Georgina, with frontispiece by D. H. Friston, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FXIkHQAACAAJ&q=%22D+H+Friston%22 ''Our Birthdays, and how to Improve Them''], Griffith and Farran, 1864, online at books.google.com, accessed 6 December 2008</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1820]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1906]] 9ly0xp4fub6yj6e5gpu8qxj6b46b512 0 236358 1545657 2026-05-18T15:39:05Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cherif Rahmani''' alikuwa Waziri wa Ugavi wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika serikali ya Mokdad Sifi mwaka 1995. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Utalii karibu mwaka 2002, na alianzisha taasisi ya World Deserts Foundation.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KUKPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA336|title=The Sahara: Past, Present and Future|last=Keenan|first=Jeremy|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-97001-9|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Algeria]] mlji1qbpzoboa5vag79q7gwtfrpaug6 0 236359 1545661 2026-05-18T15:48:14Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lakhdar Rakhroukh ('''amezaliwa 13 Novemba 1958 huko Algiers) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi za Umma, Maji na Miundombinu ya Msingi. Aliteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 9 Septemba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=http://premier-ministre.gov.dz/fr/cv/58|url=http://premier-ministre.gov.dz/fr/cv/58|work=premier-ministre.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] bygqspb3kptcqyprqizu46v1ydx24bg 1545814 1545661 2026-05-18T23:12:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lakhdar Rakhroukh ('''amezaliwa 13 Novemba 1958 huko Algiers) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi za Umma, Maji na Miundombinu ya Msingi. Aliteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 9 Septemba 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=http://premier-ministre.gov.dz/fr/cv/58|url=http://premier-ministre.gov.dz/fr/cv/58|work=premier-ministre.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] 3zy1fwosqazl24agd7826osn4bjrva9 0 236360 1545664 2026-05-18T16:01:26Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545664 wikitext text/x-wiki Abane Ramdane (10 Juni 1920 – 26 Desemba 1957) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa na [[mwanamapinduzi]] wa [[Algeria]]. Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kupanga na kuongoza harakati za kupigania uhuru wa Algeria wakati wa vita vya uhuru. Ushawishi wake ulikuwa mkubwa kiasi cha kuitwa “mbunifu wa mapinduzi.” Pia alikuwa mbunifu wa Mkutano wa Soummam uliofanyika Béjaïa mwaka 1956, na alikuwa karibu sana na Frantz Fanon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le « crime inavoué » de l'histoire de l'indépendance algérienne|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/carnet/2010-06-16-Le-crime-inavoue-de-l-histoire-de|work=Le Monde diplomatique|date=2010-06-16|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=Ali Chibani}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1957]] dm86yk0lngjsurva0hrfivhhvtr4e8i 0 236361 1545669 2026-05-18T16:13:52Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Fawzi Rebaine''' (amezaliwa 24 Januari 1955 huko Algiers) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] na kiongozi wa chama cha kisiasa cha Ahd 54 nchini Algeria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali Fawzi Rebaïne {{!}} Al Majalla|url=https://en.majalla.com/taxonomy/term/61961|work=en.majalla.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a7dy2wcpn83l3qx0sc22lyrl7p34udi 0 236362 1545671 2026-05-18T16:19:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brian Froud''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]<ref name="Chesley 1995">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1995.html |title=1995 Chesley Awards |publisher=Locus Magazine|access-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406020547/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1995.html |archive-date=6 April 2014}}</ref> 1999<ref name="Chesley 1999">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1...' 1545671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Froud''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]<ref name="Chesley 1995">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1995.html |title=1995 Chesley Awards |publisher=Locus Magazine|access-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406020547/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1995.html |archive-date=6 April 2014}}</ref> 1999<ref name="Chesley 1999">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1999.html/|title=1999 Chesley Awards|publisher=Locus Magazine|access-date=14 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406020825/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Chesley1999.html|archive-date=6 April 2014}}</ref>) ni [[mchoraji]] picha za fantasia na mbunifu wa dhana nchini [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana sana kwa kitabu chake cha [[1978]] ''Faeries'' pamoja na [[Alan Lee]], na kama mbunifu wa dhana wa filamu za Jim Henson ''The Dark Crystal'' ([[1982]]) na ''Labyrinth'' ([[1986]]). Kulingana na ''Wired'', Froud ni "mmoja wa watazamaji mashuhuri zaidi wa ulimwengu wa faerie na [[Ngano (hadithi)|ngano]] za watu".<ref name="Hugo95">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1995-hugo-awards/ |title=1995 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |access-date=19 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507072945/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1995-hugo-awards/ |archive-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b3y9s8b3pzgf2hzahxrftrofky7g75o 0 236363 1545672 2026-05-18T16:20:23Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laid Rebiga''' (amezaliwa 28 Desemba 1973) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Mashujaa wa Vita na Wenye Haki (War Veterans and Rights Holders). Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 30 Juni 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rebiga Welcomed in Windhoek by Namibia’s President – AL24 News|url=https://al24news.dz/en/rebiga-welcomed-in-windhoek-by-namibias-president/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3nk3pv24wrfmyjmlndpj9vqhhi0316y 1545813 1545672 2026-05-18T23:12:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laid Rebiga''' (amezaliwa 28 Desemba 1973) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Mashujaa wa Vita na Wenye Haki (War Veterans and Rights Holders). Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 30 Juni 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rebiga Welcomed in Windhoek by Namibia’s President – AL24 News|url=https://al24news.dz/en/rebiga-welcomed-in-windhoek-by-namibias-president/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] c39ebeb6i6fbrc69b8tu1zo469w8p7g 0 236364 1545675 2026-05-18T16:45:13Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamel Rezig''' (amezaliwa 18 Oktoba 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Biashara na Uhamasishaji wa Mauzo ya Nje tangu mwaka 2025. Awali aliwahi kushika wadhifa huo huo kuanzia 2020 hadi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BIOGRAPHY OF THE MINISTER {{!}} Ministère du Commerce Algérie|url=https://www.commerce.gov.dz/en/ministre/biographie|work=www.commerce.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=Ministère du commerce}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 27jvi0pfpsizo4vly8kd004ou05dq8m 1545802 1545675 2026-05-18T22:44:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamel Rezig''' (amezaliwa 18 Oktoba 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Biashara na Uhamasishaji wa Mauzo ya Nje tangu mwaka 2025. Awali aliwahi kushika wadhifa huo huo kuanzia 2020 hadi 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BIOGRAPHY OF THE MINISTER {{!}} Ministère du Commerce Algérie|url=https://www.commerce.gov.dz/en/ministre/biographie|work=www.commerce.gov.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=Ministère du commerce}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ha7ncmigesv4tuxj1lf2fi2b2hcuie9 0 236365 1545676 2026-05-18T16:49:06Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Othman Saadi''' (1930 – 30 Novemba 2022) alikuwa mwandishi, mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Algeria. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] 3fl9q8ylqpr78nl33tnpyxfciuljq7r 1545678 1545676 2026-05-18T16:51:52Z Don Malya 61486 1545678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Othman Saadi''' (1930 – 30 Novemba 2022) alikuwa mwandishi, [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Décès du moudjahid et ancien diplomate Othmane Saâdi à l'âge de 92 ans|url=http://news.radioalgerie.dz/fr/node/18094|work=Radio Algérienne|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] 9yh0vcvys8tjqg55hjg366n99edk2t7 1545689 1545678 2026-05-18T17:22:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Othman Saadi''' (1930 – 30 Novemba 2022) alikuwa mwandishi, [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Décès du moudjahid et ancien diplomate Othmane Saâdi à l'âge de 92 ans|url=http://news.radioalgerie.dz/fr/node/18094|work=Radio Algérienne|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] paaggb0smh5uup2yiszvv1z2fezww4y 0 236366 1545679 2026-05-18T16:55:46Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nouara Saâdia Djaâfar''' (amezaliwa 13 Februari 1950 huko Setif, Algeria) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri anayehusika na Masuala ya Familia na Wanawake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apràs Ferhat Mhenni ,Nouara Saâdia Djaffar fustige Hadj Lakhdar|url=http://abdoumenfloyd.centerblog.net/6111763-Apras-Ferhat-Mhenni--Nouara-Saadia-Djaffar-fustige-Hadj-Lakhdar|work=abdoumenfloyd.centerblog.net|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hej7ekyv6m65ol0h2g26jscg9olih4x 1545687 1545679 2026-05-18T17:12:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nouara Saâdia Djaâfar''' (amezaliwa 13 Februari 1950 huko Setif, Algeria) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri anayehusika na Masuala ya Familia na Wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Apràs Ferhat Mhenni ,Nouara Saâdia Djaffar fustige Hadj Lakhdar|url=http://abdoumenfloyd.centerblog.net/6111763-Apras-Ferhat-Mhenni--Nouara-Saadia-Djaffar-fustige-Hadj-Lakhdar|work=abdoumenfloyd.centerblog.net|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5f1tmt7e80nfhr9hq575zts7ow6bly3 0 236367 1545681 2026-05-18T16:59:32Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abelhak Saihi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Afya, Idadi ya Watu na Marekebisho ya Hospitali. Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri tarehe 9 Septemba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abdelhak Saihi – AL24 News|url=https://al24news.dz/en/tag/abdelhak-saihi-en/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 01lhrn8qyf4bm91akzfwjt8ofprfqoq 0 236368 1545685 2026-05-18T17:09:14Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amar''' '''Sakhri''' alikuwa Waziri wa Elimu wa [[Algeria]] katika serikali ya Mokdad Sifi mwaka 1995.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1rrsvUwmRwIC|title=Daily Report: Near East & South Asia|date=1995-04-03|publisher=The Service|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] go1kfzkica4iu201jymed16qydoss2c 0 236369 1545691 2026-05-18T17:25:22Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348405295|Sugra Visram]]" 1545691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> b8c9ohqocaabnjhb1vwptkx5o9mtl77 1545692 1545691 2026-05-18T17:26:30Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} eqc57nk4afbag1uv2ig68b9g9gxoybb 1545694 1545692 2026-05-18T17:31:33Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 1tvuqjklsvgajhxf2ldumnydhpb5jb7 1545697 1545694 2026-05-18T17:33:09Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} itwonz7e5bbuf8521qxd5tfjjivn0r1 1545700 1545697 2026-05-18T17:35:27Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} gbpwi8csmakeyinyu4zb55v2uig5m74 1545702 1545700 2026-05-18T17:37:02Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} tjafmh48app3p8yud85jrw2us4wx9iw 1545704 1545702 2026-05-18T17:41:37Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko. Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 2l25kqasx2yf7llorchzzoaifjiu1i2 1545707 1545704 2026-05-18T17:44:53Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} pp6ex4kh0pqpb0geivktp949bx2umu2 1545709 1545707 2026-05-18T17:47:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=National Assembly Representative, Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=[[Kabaka Yekka]]|office1=Member of Parliament, Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Nsambya Hospital]], Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} dwf616k7653bt6mg52b52k31ul2v5zl 1545713 1545709 2026-05-18T17:49:48Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Politician <br /> Reproductive Rights activist <br /> Teacher}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 69dvk6w4o190opxgojpptghwfm8aue7 1545716 1545713 2026-05-18T17:53:35Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 5hvi8b4p71sexrog1bytfkh6y61zcpf 1545720 1545716 2026-05-18T17:56:44Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} fw8sb86gsv4yckv7qbwho1nmzovuhc1 1545722 1545720 2026-05-18T17:59:29Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} covznycjm257zg9nti9im2m3g3ncp0p 1545724 1545722 2026-05-18T18:02:19Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} p4i1uwru5fqwy4pocoed2yb2oyx86h1 1545734 1545724 2026-05-18T18:14:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1545734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} nw4cpuh2r3x63qr1b5wlp8n4k74pqu0 1545776 1545734 2026-05-18T20:35:19Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ===Kufukuzwa baada ya 1972=== Baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Waasia kutoka Uganda mwaka wa 1972, Visram alifanya kazi katika idara ya Elimu ya Taasisi ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Pia alikuwa hai katika Chama cha Wabunge wa Jumuiya ya Madola na Msalaba Mwekundu. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} lkox44jjqkdl83buwpikyidh1pyh00e 1545778 1545776 2026-05-18T20:36:54Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ===Kufukuzwa baada ya 1972=== Baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Waasia kutoka Uganda mwaka wa 1972, Visram alifanya kazi katika idara ya Elimu ya Taasisi ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Pia alikuwa hai katika Chama cha Wabunge wa Jumuiya ya Madola na Msalaba Mwekundu. Alirudi Uganda mwaka wa 1993 na kufanya kazi kama Msaidizi Maalum wa Rais katika Uwekezaji wa Ndani. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} oem83a46zrzrhn4axgnhgpa3wdyam44 1545782 1545778 2026-05-18T20:44:24Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1545782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}}'''Sugra Visram''' (15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ===Kufukuzwa baada ya 1972=== Baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Waasia kutoka Uganda mwaka wa 1972, Visram alifanya kazi katika idara ya Elimu ya Taasisi ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Pia alikuwa hai katika Chama cha Wabunge wa Jumuiya ya Madola na Msalaba Mwekundu. Alirudi Uganda mwaka wa 1993 na kufanya kazi kama Msaidizi Maalum wa Rais katika Uwekezaji wa Ndani. ==Maisha binafsi== Mnamo 1941, Visram aliolewa na Haider Visram, mjukuu wa Allidina Visram ambaye alifariki mwaka 1998 na walipata watoto watatu. Aliasiliwa katika ukoo wa Buganda Mamba na kupewa jina la Namubiru. Visram aliondoka tena Uganda mwaka wa 1972 baada ya Rais Idi Amin kuwafukuza Waasia kutoka Uganda. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} kl8bnrjjheq3wpz3835qclr5oddyz0d 1546099 1545782 2026-05-19T09:47:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sugra Namubiru Visram|office=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1962–1963)|predecessor=|successor=|party=Kabaka Yekka|office1=Mbunge wa jimbo la Kibuga (1963–1966)|predecessor1=|birth_date={{Birth date|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|birth_place=Nsambya Hospital, Kampala|death_date={{death date and age|2012|10|29|1923|07|15|df=yes}}|alma_mater=Old Kampala Senior Secondary School|occupation=Mwanasiasa <br /> Mwanaharakati<br /> Mwalimu}} '''Sugra Visram''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Sugra Namubiru Visram'''; 15 Julai 1923 – 29 Oktoba 2012) alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanaharakati na mfanyabiashara wa Uganda. Alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge wa kwanza wanawake walioshirikishwa katika Buganda Lukiiko na Kabaka Muteesa II. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kabaka Yekka aliwakilisha jimbo la Kibuga (Mengo ya leo) katika Bunge la kwanza na la pili la Uganda hadi alipojiuzulu kama mbunge mwaka wa 1966. Pamoja na [[Florence Alice Lubega]] na Eseza Makumbi, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hii baada ya uhuru wa Uganda. Mnamo 2012, alipewa Nishani (Tuzo) ya Uhuru wa Kitaifa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 April 2018|title=The National Honours and Awards (Award of National Honours) Notice, 2018.|url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2018/ug-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-27-no-20.pdf|accessdate=19 October 2023|work=gazettes.africa}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Alizaliwa Sugra Jamal katika Hospitali ya Nsambya kwa Mohamedali Jamal, mwenye asili ya Pakistani na Kawkab Aha Mirza mwenye asili ya Iran. Alikulia Mengo na Old Kampala na alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Old Kampala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sugra Visram, one of the first female MPs in Uganda is dead|url=https://ismailimail.blog/2012/11/02/sugra-visram-one-of-the-first-female-mps-in-uganda-is-dead/|work=Ismailimail|date=2012-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ingawa alifanya kazi na mumewe, Visram pia aliendesha duka la nguo na kuanzisha shule ya udereva ya wanawake. Kati ya 1950 na 1951, alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya awali ya Ithnasheri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Episode notes: Sugra Visram and the start of family planning in Uganda|url=https://medium.com/@wulira_uganda/episode-notes-sugra-visram-and-the-start-of-family-planning-in-uganda-81d09e25a9e5|work=Medium|date=2017-10-17|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Wulira!}}</ref> Visram alijiunga na siasa mwaka wa 1962 na katika uchaguzi wa Buganda wa mwaka huo kabla ya uhuru, Visram pamoja na Florence Alice Lubega na Eseza Makumbi, walichaguliwa kuwa wabunge wa Lukiiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Women & politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/841171389|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa 1962, aliteuliwa katika Bunge la Uhuru la 1962 hadi 1966 kuhudumu kama mwakilishi kutoka Buganda akiwa bado na Florence Alice Lubega hivyo kuwafanya kuwa wanachama wa kwanza wa kike wa shirika hili. Alijiunga na chama cha Kabaka Yekka (KY) na aliwakilisha eneo bunge linalojulikana kama "Kibuga" (Mengo ya sasa) Visram alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge watano wa Kabaka Yekka waliojiuzulu viti vyao vya ubunge baada ya kukataa kuunga mkono vifungu vya katiba mpya vilivyowasilishwa baada ya mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya 1966 nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When hens begin to crow : gender and parliamentary politics in Uganda {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/39307485|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://silo.pub/when-hens-begin-to-crow-gender-and-parliamentary-politics-in-uganda.html</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Tawi la Wanawake la Kabaka Yekka (KY) pamoja na kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Wanawake la Uganda ambalo alijiunga nalo mwaka wa 1944. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha Uzazi wa Mpango cha Uganda (kinachojulikana kwa sasa kama Afya ya Uzazi Uganda) mnamo 1957. Pia alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Kikristo cha Wanawake Vijana (YWCA) nchini Uganda na alikuwa mweka hazina wake. ===Kufukuzwa baada ya 1972=== Baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Waasia kutoka Uganda mwaka wa 1972, Visram alifanya kazi katika idara ya Elimu ya Taasisi ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Pia alikuwa hai katika Chama cha Wabunge wa Jumuiya ya Madola na Msalaba Mwekundu. Alirudi Uganda mwaka wa 1993 na kufanya kazi kama Msaidizi Maalum wa Rais katika Uwekezaji wa Ndani. ==Maisha binafsi== Mnamo 1941, Visram aliolewa na Haider Visram, mjukuu wa Allidina Visram ambaye alifariki mwaka 1998 na walipata watoto watatu. Aliasiliwa katika ukoo wa Buganda Mamba na kupewa jina la Namubiru. Visram aliondoka tena Uganda mwaka wa 1972 baada ya Rais Idi Amin kuwafukuza Waasia nchini. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1923|2012}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] g2vy83ypvqyyykljxfioeerd4srg0w9 0 236370 1545693 2026-05-18T17:28:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abubakr Rajeb al Abaidy,''' anayejulikana pia kama Abubakr Obeidi (Kiarabu: أبوبكر رجب العبيدي; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1981), ni mwanasoka wa [[Libya]]. Anachezea klabu ya Nasr katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Abubaker EL SWANEI|url=http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=230492/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Al Abaidy ameic...' 1545693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abubakr Rajeb al Abaidy,''' anayejulikana pia kama Abubakr Obeidi (Kiarabu: أبوبكر رجب العبيدي; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1981), ni mwanasoka wa [[Libya]]. Anachezea klabu ya Nasr katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Abubaker EL SWANEI|url=http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=230492/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Al Abaidy ameichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya mara kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kushiriki fainali za Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] fia7uxlodmu564vz53yygu2vxetolzn 0 236371 1545695 2026-05-18T17:32:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Osama Abdusalam''' (alizaliwa 23 Februari 1983) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Osama Abdusalam (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/32354/Osama_Abdusalam.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]]' 1545695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama Abdusalam''' (alizaliwa 23 Februari 1983) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Osama Abdusalam (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/32354/Osama_Abdusalam.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 3xejxbjp1izemxhy65kktgqvqm8okhv 1545842 1545695 2026-05-19T00:20:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama Abdusalam''' (alizaliwa 23 Februari 1983) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Osama Abdusalam (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/32354/Osama_Abdusalam.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] i7ut53na9q711bpsnwt11p2rsfxh40i 0 236372 1545696 2026-05-18T17:32:42Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saïd Sayoud''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani, Mamlaka za Mitaa na Uchukuzi tangu Septemba 2025. Alitanguliwa na Mohamed El Habib Zahana katika wadhifa huo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Tebboune appoints members of Government led by Sifi Ghrieb|url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/59034-president-tebboune-appoints-members-of-government-led-sifi-ghrieb|work=www.aps.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-gb|author=Algeria Press Service}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 90194lh1uh8stzgu88f1ywmpum3vd2z 1545721 1545696 2026-05-18T17:58:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saïd Sayoud''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye anahudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani, Mamlaka za Mitaa na Uchukuzi tangu Septemba 2025. Alitanguliwa na Mohamed El Habib Zahana katika wadhifa huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=President Tebboune appoints members of Government led by Sifi Ghrieb|url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/59034-president-tebboune-appoints-members-of-government-led-sifi-ghrieb|work=www.aps.dz|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-gb|author=Algeria Press Service}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7uzosqhojaa30056jy3h7dos91ipv2o 0 236373 1545699 2026-05-18T17:34:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Salem Ablo''' (alizaliwa 20 Aprili 1991) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayacheza nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salem Aballo (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48148/Salem_Ablo.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] Jamii:Watu walio...' 1545699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salem Ablo''' (alizaliwa 20 Aprili 1991) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayacheza nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salem Aballo (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48148/Salem_Ablo.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1hf6plxaxwrbwii1a06iwnbnng850jq 1545715 1545699 2026-05-18T17:53:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salem Ablo''' (alizaliwa 20 Aprili 1991) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayacheza nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Salem Aballo (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48148/Salem_Ablo.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 02rzvwbko18suaiodvyk1r4kmjs54lq 0 236374 1545701 2026-05-18T17:36:03Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abderrazak Sebgag''' (amezaliwa 19 Januari 1967) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Vijana na Michezo kuanzia 7 Julai 2021 hadi 16 Machi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Algerian President reshuffles cabinet, replacing foreign minister|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/03/16/algerias-president-reshuffles-cabinet-replacing-foreign-minister/|work=The National|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Amr Mostafa}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jrkqcwxcpl08qz7aoh9rpkppfrwf76z 0 236375 1545703 2026-05-18T17:40:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Samir Aboud''' (Kiarabu: سمير عبود; alizaliwa 29 Septemba 1972) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya ambaye aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad kama golikipa. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. == Mafanikio == Samir Aboud ameshinda mataji mengi zaidi katika mashindano ya soka ya Libya, akiwa na jumla ya mataji 25.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CAF - CAF Awards - Previous Editions - 2011|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/cafawards/previo...' 1545703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samir Aboud''' (Kiarabu: سمير عبود; alizaliwa 29 Septemba 1972) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya ambaye aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad kama golikipa. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. == Mafanikio == Samir Aboud ameshinda mataji mengi zaidi katika mashindano ya soka ya Libya, akiwa na jumla ya mataji 25.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CAF - CAF Awards - Previous Editions - 2011|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/cafawards/previouseditions/2011.aspx|work=www.cafonline.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=CAF - Confederation of African Football}}</ref> === Ligi Kuu ya Libya (mataji 9) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1991, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. === Kombe la Libya (mataji 6) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1992, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009. === Super Cup ya Libya (mataji 10) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. == Tuzo na Rekodi == * Alitwaa tuzo ya [[Golikipa]] Bora wa Afrika mwaka 2012. * Ndiye mchezaji pekee wa Libya kucheza nusu fainali mbili za mashindano ya klabu barani [[Afrika]]: ** Kombe la Washindi wa Vikombe Afrika mwaka 2000 akiwa na Al-Ittihad. ** Ligi ya Mabingwa Afrika mwaka 2007 akiwa na Al-Ittihad. * Alifunga mabao manne katika maisha yake ya soka, yote kwa mikwaju ya penalti. * Aliingia katika Kikosi Bora cha CAF mwaka 2011. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ec0ek76ljua7ct1zvi3ziip21p147xb 1545718 1545703 2026-05-18T17:54:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samir Aboud''' (Kiarabu: سمير عبود; alizaliwa 29 Septemba 1972) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa Libya ambaye aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad kama golikipa. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. == Mafanikio == Samir Aboud ameshinda mataji mengi zaidi katika mashindano ya soka ya Libya, akiwa na jumla ya mataji 25.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CAF - CAF Awards - Previous Editions - 2011|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/cafawards/previouseditions/2011.aspx|work=www.cafonline.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=CAF - Confederation of African Football}}</ref> === Ligi Kuu ya Libya (mataji 9) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1991, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. === Kombe la Libya (mataji 6) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1992, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009. === Super Cup ya Libya (mataji 10) === Akiwa na Al-Ittihad: 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. == Tuzo na Rekodi == * Alitwaa tuzo ya [[Golikipa]] Bora wa Afrika mwaka 2012. * Ndiye mchezaji pekee wa Libya kucheza nusu fainali mbili za mashindano ya klabu barani [[Afrika]]: ** Kombe la Washindi wa Vikombe Afrika mwaka 2000 akiwa na Al-Ittihad. ** Ligi ya Mabingwa Afrika mwaka 2007 akiwa na Al-Ittihad. * Alifunga mabao manne katika maisha yake ya soka, yote kwa mikwaju ya penalti. * Aliingia katika Kikosi Bora cha CAF mwaka 2011. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6l4eyo9r2xutszt8y77pdnl09vckpv8 0 236376 1545706 2026-05-18T17:43:11Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545706 wikitext text/x-wiki Bachir Youcef Sehairi (amezaliwa 21 Juni 1985) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Katibu wa Nchi anayehusika na Sekta ya Filamu kuanzia 2 Januari 2020 hadi 21 Februari 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Youcef Bachir Sehairi|url=https://web-veo.com/youcef-sehairi/|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=WebLight}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] 942nu0pdwtycqzlr3snqww7h2bwr5h2 0 236377 1545708 2026-05-18T17:45:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elbahlul Issa Ramadan Abusahmin''' (Kiarabu: البهلول عيسى رمضان أبوسهمين; alizaliwa 9 Desemba 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahly Benghazi. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kuchezea [[klabu]] za Al Dhahra na Asswehly nchini Libya, Abusahmin alihamia [[Tunisia]] mwaka 2019 ambapo aliichezea kwa muda mfupi AS Soliman kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya Métlaoui inayoshiriki Ligue Professionnelle 1.<ref>{{Cite web...' 1545708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elbahlul Issa Ramadan Abusahmin''' (Kiarabu: البهلول عيسى رمضان أبوسهمين; alizaliwa 9 Desemba 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahly Benghazi. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kuchezea [[klabu]] za Al Dhahra na Asswehly nchini Libya, Abusahmin alihamia [[Tunisia]] mwaka 2019 ambapo aliichezea kwa muda mfupi AS Soliman kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya Métlaoui inayoshiriki Ligue Professionnelle 1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Support|url=https://www.218tv.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=www.218tv.net|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Alirejea Libya mwezi Agosti 2020 na kusaini na klabu ya Abu Salim. Januari 2024, alijiunga na Al Ahly Benghazi akitokea Asaria SC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=أبو سهمين يدعم صفوف الأهلي بنغازي {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A/1301832|work=www.kooora.com|date=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Baada ya kuitwa katika timu ya taifa ya Libya mwishoni mwa mwaka 2024, Abusahmin alizuiwa kuingia [[Nigeria]] na mwajiri wake, Wizara ya Afya ya Libya. Aliitwa tena katika timu ya taifa mwezi Machi 2025. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] lbgh9tzs0lk4b70ajd59y8z0jsmg2rx 1545793 1545708 2026-05-18T22:04:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elbahlul Issa Ramadan Abusahmin''' (Kiarabu: البهلول عيسى رمضان أبوسهمين; alizaliwa 9 Desemba 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahly Benghazi. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kuchezea [[klabu]] za Al Dhahra na Asswehly nchini Libya, Abusahmin alihamia [[Tunisia]] mwaka 2019 ambapo aliichezea kwa muda mfupi AS Soliman kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya Métlaoui inayoshiriki Ligue Professionnelle 1.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Contact Support|url=https://www.218tv.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=www.218tv.net|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Alirejea Libya mwezi Agosti 2020 na kusaini na klabu ya Abu Salim. Januari 2024, alijiunga na Al Ahly Benghazi akitokea Asaria SC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=أبو سهمين يدعم صفوف الأهلي بنغازي {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A/1301832|work=www.kooora.com|date=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Baada ya kuitwa katika timu ya taifa ya Libya mwishoni mwa mwaka 2024, Abusahmin alizuiwa kuingia [[Nigeria]] na mwajiri wake, Wizara ya Afya ya Libya. Aliitwa tena katika timu ya taifa mwezi Machi 2025. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] i6c9mnw5crb8uzee1ce27tfjcvfjjeh 0 236378 1545712 2026-05-18T17:48:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elmutasem Abushnaf,''' ambaye pia anajulikana kama Elmotassem Aboshnaf (alizaliwa 14 Novemba 1991), ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Rapide Oued Zem kama [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=El-Mutasem Abushnaf (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/54502/Elmutasem_Abushnaf.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN...' 1545712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elmutasem Abushnaf,''' ambaye pia anajulikana kama Elmotassem Aboshnaf (alizaliwa 14 Novemba 1991), ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Rapide Oued Zem kama [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=El-Mutasem Abushnaf (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/54502/Elmutasem_Abushnaf.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/25719387|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] dqoj80y04rfga2nlfgzha68611w2mgm 1545794 1545712 2026-05-18T22:05:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elmutasem Abushnaf,''' ambaye pia anajulikana kama Elmotassem Aboshnaf (alizaliwa 14 Novemba 1991), ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Rapide Oued Zem kama [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=El-Mutasem Abushnaf (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/54502/Elmutasem_Abushnaf.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/25719387|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] qm504tylypychpeevqvjslnjp6kwwm4 0 236379 1545719 2026-05-18T17:55:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Luis Alejandro Rubén de Agustini Varela''' (Kiarabu: لويس أليخاندر روبين دي أغوستيني فاريلا; alizaliwa 5 Aprili 1976), anayejulikana zaidi kama Luis de Agustini, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama golikipa. Alizaliwa Uruguay lakini aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi yake == Aliwahi kuichezea klabu ya Al-Ittihad ya Tripoli. Mwaka 2010, de Agustini aliichezea Deportes Concepción katika ligi ya P...' 1545719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luis Alejandro Rubén de Agustini Varela''' (Kiarabu: لويس أليخاندر روبين دي أغوستيني فاريلا; alizaliwa 5 Aprili 1976), anayejulikana zaidi kama Luis de Agustini, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama golikipa. Alizaliwa Uruguay lakini aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi yake == Aliwahi kuichezea klabu ya Al-Ittihad ya Tripoli. Mwaka 2010, de Agustini aliichezea Deportes Concepción katika ligi ya Primera B nchini Chile.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jorge Deschamps y Ányelo Alvarado son los nuevos refuerzos de Deportes Concepción|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/deportes/2010/12/20/453900/jorge-deschamps-y-anyelo-alvarado-son-los-nuevos-refuerzos-de-deportes-concepcion.html|work=Emol|date=2010-12-20|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=Spanish|author=El Mercurio S.A.P}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Concepcion - Campeonato 1º "B" 2010|url=http://www.solofutbol.cl/futbol%20chileno/Campeonatos%20Nacionales/equipos/Concepcion/Concepcion%202010%201%C2%BA%20B.htm|work=www.solofutbol.cl|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Katika kiwango cha kitaalamu, [[klabu]] yake ya mwisho ilikuwa Plaza Colonia katika daraja la pili la ligi ya Uruguay. == Maisha binafsi == De Agustini alizaliwa mjini Sauce, katika jimbo la Canelones nchini Uruguay. == Mafanikio == === Peñarol === * [[Kombe]] la Uruguay: 1999 === Liverpool Montevideo === * Daraja la Pili la Uruguay: 2002 === Al-Ittihad === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2002–03, 2005–06 * Super Cup ya Libya: 2003 == Tuzo binafsi == * Golikipa aliyefungwa mabao machache zaidi katika msimu wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya 2002–03. == Mambo ya kuvutia == * De Agustini alikuwa mwanasoka wa kwanza mwenye uraia wa Libya kucheza katika mashindano ya Copa Sudamericana. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] ns4b0jpdma6flftzjc0w4vje5v3wsyg 1545818 1545719 2026-05-18T23:18:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luis Alejandro Rubén de Agustini Varela''' (Kiarabu: لويس أليخاندر روبين دي أغوستيني فاريلا; alizaliwa 5 Aprili 1976), anayejulikana zaidi kama Luis de Agustini, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama golikipa. Alizaliwa Uruguay lakini aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi yake == Aliwahi kuichezea klabu ya Al-Ittihad ya Tripoli. Mwaka 2010, de Agustini aliichezea Deportes Concepción katika ligi ya Primera B nchini Chile.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jorge Deschamps y Ányelo Alvarado son los nuevos refuerzos de Deportes Concepción|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/deportes/2010/12/20/453900/jorge-deschamps-y-anyelo-alvarado-son-los-nuevos-refuerzos-de-deportes-concepcion.html|work=Emol|date=2010-12-20|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=Spanish|author=El Mercurio S.A.P}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Concepcion - Campeonato 1º "B" 2010|url=http://www.solofutbol.cl/futbol%20chileno/Campeonatos%20Nacionales/equipos/Concepcion/Concepcion%202010%201%C2%BA%20B.htm|work=www.solofutbol.cl|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Katika kiwango cha kitaalamu, [[klabu]] yake ya mwisho ilikuwa Plaza Colonia katika daraja la pili la ligi ya Uruguay. == Maisha binafsi == De Agustini alizaliwa mjini Sauce, katika jimbo la Canelones nchini Uruguay. == Mafanikio == === Peñarol === * [[Kombe]] la Uruguay: 1999 === Liverpool Montevideo === * Daraja la Pili la Uruguay: 2002 === Al-Ittihad === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2002–03, 2005–06 * Super Cup ya Libya: 2003 == Tuzo binafsi == * Golikipa aliyefungwa mabao machache zaidi katika msimu wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya 2002–03. == Mambo ya kuvutia == * De Agustini alikuwa mwanasoka wa kwanza mwenye uraia wa Libya kucheza katika mashindano ya Copa Sudamericana. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 945fjn13knzw0gkkj8rttkrr2g95a3l 0 236380 1545723 2026-05-18T18:00:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Omran Salem Saleh Al-Tawerghi''' (Kiarabu: عمران سالم صالح التاورغي; alizaliwa 15 Februari 1997) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayocheza nafasi ya kiungo na mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omran Al Tawerghi Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/6f6b429a/Omran-Al-Tawerghi|work=FBref.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language...' 1545723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omran Salem Saleh Al-Tawerghi''' (Kiarabu: عمران سالم صالح التاورغي; alizaliwa 15 Februari 1997) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayocheza nafasi ya kiungo na mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omran Al Tawerghi Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/6f6b429a/Omran-Al-Tawerghi|work=FBref.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Salem alicheza [[Mechi za Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika|mechi]] yake ya kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa Libya kufungwa 1–0 na Tunisia tarehe 21 Septemba 2019. == Mafanikio == === Al-Ittihad Tripoli === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2020–21, 2021–22<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omran Al-Tawerghi (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/76000/Omran_Al_Tawerghi.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> * Kombe la Libya: 2018 === Al-Ahli Tripoli === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2024–25 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 0cpmzp0z03hpn0m1grnywa0i32olifo 1545840 1545723 2026-05-19T00:18:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omran Salem Saleh Al-Tawerghi''' (Kiarabu: عمران سالم صالح التاورغي; alizaliwa 15 Februari 1997) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayocheza nafasi ya kiungo na mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Omran Al Tawerghi Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/6f6b429a/Omran-Al-Tawerghi|work=FBref.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Salem alicheza [[Mechi za Mataifa Bingwa Barani Afrika|mechi]] yake ya kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa Libya kufungwa 1–0 na Tunisia tarehe 21 Septemba 2019. == Mafanikio == === Al-Ittihad Tripoli === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2020–21, 2021–22<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Omran Al-Tawerghi (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/76000/Omran_Al_Tawerghi.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> * Kombe la Libya: 2018 === Al-Ahli Tripoli === * Ligi Kuu ya Libya: 2024–25 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 6w75im8diqrc76e43dysanubstia67a 0 236381 1545725 2026-05-18T18:04:37Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdelmalek Sellal''' (amezaliwa 1 Agosti 1948) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Algeria katika vipindi viwili. Alihudumu kuanzia 3 Septemba 2012 hadi 13 Machi 2014, kisha akachukua likizo ya kazi ili kumuunga mkono kampeni ya kuchaguliwa tena kwa Rais Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Baadaye alirejea tena madarakani kuanzia Aprili 2014 hadi Mei 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Countries Ab-Am|url=https://rulers.org/rula1.html#algeria|work=rulers.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rmrkqi49ka8jac7spvo7fiqa9ybjfp0 0 236382 1545726 2026-05-18T18:05:59Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rabee Allafi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya ambaye alifunga bao la kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya katika kipindi cha baada ya utawala wa Muammar Gaddafi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rabea Al-Lafi - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/rabea-al-lafi/profil/spieler/209303|work=www.transfermarkt.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Libya, [[timu]] ya [[taifa]] ilicheza mechi ya kufuzu Kombe la Mata...' 1545726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rabee Allafi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya ambaye alifunga bao la kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya katika kipindi cha baada ya utawala wa Muammar Gaddafi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rabea Al-Lafi - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/rabea-al-lafi/profil/spieler/209303|work=www.transfermarkt.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Libya, [[timu]] ya [[taifa]] ilicheza mechi ya kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 dhidi ya Msumbiji mjini Cairo, ikiwa imevaa jezi nyeupe pamoja na kutumia bendera mpya na wimbo mpya wa taifa. Allafi alifunga bao la kwanza la Libya katika mechi hiyo, lililoisaidia Libya kuifunga Msumbiji. Baadaye Libya ilifuzu kucheza Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 baada ya kutoka sare ya bila mabao dhidi ya [[Zambia]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 98jut3nyo26n4ve00t81kzqwvcq57j1 1545846 1545726 2026-05-19T00:30:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rabee Allafi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya ambaye alifunga bao la kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya katika kipindi cha baada ya utawala wa Muammar Gaddafi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rabea Al-Lafi - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/rabea-al-lafi/profil/spieler/209303|work=www.transfermarkt.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Libya, [[timu]] ya [[taifa]] ilicheza mechi ya kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 dhidi ya Msumbiji mjini Cairo, ikiwa imevaa jezi nyeupe pamoja na kutumia bendera mpya na wimbo mpya wa taifa. Allafi alifunga bao la kwanza la Libya katika mechi hiyo, lililoisaidia Libya kuifunga Msumbiji. Baadaye Libya ilifuzu kucheza Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 baada ya kutoka sare ya bila mabao dhidi ya [[Zambia]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] c5nxviqfdr0duhkklzvj8xhx2vfownx 0 236383 1545727 2026-05-18T18:06:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mark R. Morris''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni mwanaastrophysikia nchini [[Marekani]]. Alipata shahada ya sanaa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Riverside mwaka [[1969]] na Ph.D. yake katika [[Fizikia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago]] mwaka [[1974]]. Alifanya kazi yake ya baada ya udaktari katika Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[California]], na alikuwa katika kitivo cha Idara ya [[Astronomia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]]...' 1545727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark R. Morris''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni mwanaastrophysikia nchini [[Marekani]]. Alipata shahada ya sanaa katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Riverside mwaka [[1969]] na Ph.D. yake katika [[Fizikia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago]] mwaka [[1974]]. Alifanya kazi yake ya baada ya udaktari katika Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[California]], na alikuwa katika kitivo cha Idara ya [[Astronomia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Galactic Center Group |url=http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~ghezgroup/gc/about.html |website=UCLA Galactic Center Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Distinguished Teaching Award Recipients |url=https://www.senate.ucla.edu/funding-opportunities/awards/DTA/recipient |website=UCLA Academic Senate|date=2017-06-28 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g2h65uuo9k9n8vhzxb03uljegusz7o8 0 236384 1545728 2026-05-18T18:09:05Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Al-Alwani''' (Kiarabu: أحمد العلواني; alizaliwa 19 Agosti 1981) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayecheza kama kiungo mkabaji (defensive midfielder) katika klabu ya Ahly Benghazi. Yeye ni mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya, na aliitwa kwenye kikosi cha [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 kama mchezaji wa akiba.<ref>{{Citation|title=Libya squad for African Nations Cup finals|url=http://www.ghanavillage.com/showthread.php/13235-Libya...' 1545728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Al-Alwani''' (Kiarabu: أحمد العلواني; alizaliwa 19 Agosti 1981) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayecheza kama kiungo mkabaji (defensive midfielder) katika klabu ya Ahly Benghazi. Yeye ni mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya, na aliitwa kwenye kikosi cha [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika 2012 kama mchezaji wa akiba.<ref>{{Citation|title=Libya squad for African Nations Cup finals|url=http://www.ghanavillage.com/showthread.php/13235-Libya-squad-for-African-Nations-Cup-finals|work=GhanaVillage.Com - Ghana Online Forum|language=en|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] elelyg0dh0ahphtcunoylgrjzpvxwo5 0 236385 1545732 2026-05-18T18:11:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bouguerra Soltani''' (amezaliwa 1954 katika Mkoa wa Tébessa) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha Mouvement de la Société pour la Paix (MSP), pia kinachojulikana kama Hamas, ambacho ni chama cha mageuzi cha Kiislamu na kinahusishwa na itikadi ya Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Continental News - News de mes voyages autour du monde|url=https://www.continentalnews.fr/|work=Continental News|date=2025-03-14|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] 7nzou4honlnj4ifcg5fh2e1x9nnbpss 0 236386 1545733 2026-05-18T18:12:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdul-Hafeedh Arbeesh''' (alizaliwa 23 Julai 1963) ni [[mchezaji]] na kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Libya]]. Alicheza kama beki katika klabu ya Al-Madina S.C. Mnamo mwaka 1998 alianza kazi ya ukocha, na baadaye akifundisha klabu kadhaa ikiwemo Al-Madina S.C., Wefaq Sabratha, Al-Shat S.C., Al Urouba (Ajelat), Khaleej Sirte S.C., Al-Hilal SC (Benghazi), na Darnes S.C. Kuanzia Machi 2012 hadi Septemba 2013, alikuwa [[Kochia|kocha]] wa timu...' 1545733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul-Hafeedh Arbeesh''' (alizaliwa 23 Julai 1963) ni [[mchezaji]] na kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Libya]]. Alicheza kama beki katika klabu ya Al-Madina S.C. Mnamo mwaka 1998 alianza kazi ya ukocha, na baadaye akifundisha klabu kadhaa ikiwemo Al-Madina S.C., Wefaq Sabratha, Al-Shat S.C., Al Urouba (Ajelat), Khaleej Sirte S.C., Al-Hilal SC (Benghazi), na Darnes S.C. Kuanzia Machi 2012 hadi Septemba 2013, alikuwa [[Kochia|kocha]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya ya soka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya - Abdul-Hafeedh Arbeesh - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/coaches/abdul-hafeedh-arbeesh/246901/|work=int.soccerway.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] kqakujjek2rm657su6vy6zh8u5s0237 0 236387 1545739 2026-05-18T18:32:49Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Akram Seifeddine Kanzari al-Ayyad''' (alizaliwa 23 Novemba 1991) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya CS Hammam-Lif katika [[Ligi]] ya Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] Jamii:W...' 1545739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akram Seifeddine Kanzari al-Ayyad''' (alizaliwa 23 Novemba 1991) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya CS Hammam-Lif katika [[Ligi]] ya Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] c3c8ho24bfgxstfik46t1rxx059jxdp 0 236388 1545740 2026-05-18T18:36:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Abdulsalam Azzaqa''' (Kiarabu: احمد عبدالسلام عزاقة; alizaliwa 9 Agosti 1988) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya golikipa. Anachezea klabu ya Olympic Azzaweya inayoshiriki [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Azzaqa (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/69097/Ahmed_Azzaqa.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strac...' 1545740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Abdulsalam Azzaqa''' (Kiarabu: احمد عبدالسلام عزاقة; alizaliwa 9 Agosti 1988) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya golikipa. Anachezea klabu ya Olympic Azzaweya inayoshiriki [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Azzaqa (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/69097/Ahmed_Azzaqa.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] ec79it0dz1f1k1co4nh814nhg9j182n 0 236389 1545741 2026-05-18T18:37:25Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustapha Stambouli''' (10 Machi 1920 – 20 Aprili 1984) alikuwa kiongozi wa utaifa wa [[Algeria]]. Alizaliwa na kufariki huko Mascara, Algeria, na alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wa harakati za kupigania uhuru wa Algeria.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pyOAAAAMAAJ|title=The FLN in Algeria: Party Development in a Revolutionary Society|last=Jackson|first=Henry F.|date=1977-05-12|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-0-8371-9401-1|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] 8mtovs0kdlnjrmvq4fwdn4imlzt0wjk 1545837 1545741 2026-05-19T00:07:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustapha Stambouli''' (10 Machi 1920 – 20 Aprili 1984) alikuwa kiongozi wa utaifa wa [[Algeria]]. Alizaliwa na kufariki huko Mascara, Algeria, na alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wa harakati za kupigania uhuru wa Algeria.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pyOAAAAMAAJ|title=The FLN in Algeria: Party Development in a Revolutionary Society|last=Jackson|first=Henry F.|date=1977-05-12|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-0-8371-9401-1|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] e70tmwk01saor6tg8i3158fu3jr60yh 0 236390 1545745 2026-05-18T18:41:11Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Faisal Saleh Al-Badri''' (Kiarabu: فَيْصَل صَالِح الْبَدرِيّ; alizaliwa 4 Juni 1990)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Anachezea klabu ya Al-Hilal SC katika Ligi Kuu ya Libya na pia ni [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya....' 1545745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faisal Saleh Al-Badri''' (Kiarabu: فَيْصَل صَالِح الْبَدرِيّ; alizaliwa 4 Juni 1990)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Anachezea klabu ya Al-Hilal SC katika Ligi Kuu ya Libya na pia ni [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] fnvfxtp50zo9rkusmu5msckypcc83h6 1545795 1545745 2026-05-18T22:10:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faisal Saleh Al-Badri''' (Kiarabu: فَيْصَل صَالِح الْبَدرِيّ; alizaliwa 4 Juni 1990)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Anachezea klabu ya Al-Hilal SC katika Ligi Kuu ya Libya na pia ni [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] l24555g252hariuipcybjohn9dap39s 0 236391 1545746 2026-05-18T18:44:32Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abderrachid Tabbi''' (amezaliwa 31 Desemba 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria na Mlinzi wa Mihuri (Keeper of the Seals) kuanzia 7 Julai 2021 hadi 18 Novemba 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qui est Abderrachid Tabi, le nouveau ministre de la justice ?|url=https://www.algerie360.com/qui-est-abderrachid-tabi-le-nouveau-ministre-de-la-justice/|date=2021-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=M. A}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] lb3cpahm9m5d1pm5e2xvx6wr7xqdmjy 0 236392 1545747 2026-05-18T18:45:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Faraj Al-Barasi''' (Kiarabu: فرج البرعصي; pia huandikwa Bor’osi, Borosi au Barassi; 1960 – 8 Novemba 1989) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Alifunga bao katika Kombe la Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] la mwaka 1982 lililofanyika nchini [[Libya]]. Al-Barasi alifariki katika ajali ya barabarani tarehe 8 Novemba 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Page Not Found|url=http://www.sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?t=5722...' 1545747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faraj Al-Barasi''' (Kiarabu: فرج البرعصي; pia huandikwa Bor’osi, Borosi au Barassi; 1960 – 8 Novemba 1989) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Alifunga bao katika Kombe la Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] la mwaka 1982 lililofanyika nchini [[Libya]]. Al-Barasi alifariki katika ajali ya barabarani tarehe 8 Novemba 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Page Not Found|url=http://www.sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?t=5722|work=www.sportslibya1.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika: Mshindi wa pili (1982)<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Nations Cup 1982|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/82a.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] q635827puz34rjsqx6gtxbddvs82uom 1545796 1545747 2026-05-18T22:10:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faraj Al-Barasi''' (Kiarabu: فرج البرعصي; pia huandikwa Bor’osi, Borosi au Barassi; 1960 – 8 Novemba 1989) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Alifunga bao katika Kombe la Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] la mwaka 1982 lililofanyika nchini [[Libya]]. Al-Barasi alifariki katika ajali ya barabarani tarehe 8 Novemba 1989.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Page Not Found|url=http://www.sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?t=5722|work=www.sportslibya1.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika: Mshindi wa pili (1982)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=African Nations Cup 1982|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/82a.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] s2606igt428i0nf4od7bg8pqd6yj29c 0 236393 1545748 2026-05-18T18:49:16Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdulaziz Belraysh''' (Kiarabu: عبد العزيز بالريش; alizaliwa 12 Julai 1990) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Ittihad katika Ligi Kuu ya Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Belraysh alitoka katika akademi ya vijana ya Ittihad na alionekana kama kipaji kinachoibukia mapema. Msimu wa 2008–09, maonesho yake yalimfanya apokee tuzo ya [[Mchezaji]] Bora Chipukizi wa Mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الم...' 1545748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulaziz Belraysh''' (Kiarabu: عبد العزيز بالريش; alizaliwa 12 Julai 1990) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Ittihad katika Ligi Kuu ya Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Belraysh alitoka katika akademi ya vijana ya Ittihad na alionekana kama kipaji kinachoibukia mapema. Msimu wa 2008–09, maonesho yake yalimfanya apokee tuzo ya [[Mchezaji]] Bora Chipukizi wa Mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|date=2026-05-18|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Aliitwa kwenye timu ya taifa ya Libya kwa mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya [[Benin]] tarehe 6 Januari 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=مدرب المنتخب الوطني الأول يستدعي 22 لاعبا ومباراة ودية في الطريق - منتدي الرياضة الليبية|url=http://sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?p=48892|work=sportslibya1.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=ar-sa}}</ref>, na pia alicheza dhidi ya Mali tarehe 3 Machi 2010, akianza katika mechi zote mbili akiwa na umri wa miaka 19. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * Kombe la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: Mshindi wa pili (2012) == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 93kykwxwjsp3ucysjonxc17o9bq1e7i 0 236394 1545749 2026-05-18T18:50:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Justin Payson Moore''' ([[1840]] – [[1923]]) alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] , hasa akipenda wanyama wa kuvu (mycology) nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikua makamu rais wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha [[California]] kuanzia [[1880]] hadi [[1883]].<ref name="Daniel 20083">{{cite journal |last1=Daniel |first1=Thomas F |date=2008 |title=One hundred and fifty years of botany at the California Academy of Sciences (1853–2003) |url=https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files...' 1545749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justin Payson Moore''' ([[1840]] – [[1923]]) alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] , hasa akipenda wanyama wa kuvu (mycology) nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikua makamu rais wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha [[California]] kuanzia [[1880]] hadi [[1883]].<ref name="Daniel 20083">{{cite journal |last1=Daniel |first1=Thomas F |date=2008 |title=One hundred and fifty years of botany at the California Academy of Sciences (1853–2003) |url=https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/pdf/history_botany_at_cas_pcas_v59apr08_daniel_pp_215-305lr.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences |series=Series 4 |volume=59 |issue=7 |pages=215–305 |df=ymd-all}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1840]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1923]] m4yi632fsqageatj1xyvnx00hu8yxxv 0 236395 1545750 2026-05-18T18:53:02Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farouk Tebbal''' alikuwa Waziri wa Mazingira wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika serikali ya Belaid Abdessalam mwaka 1992.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=447JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1993-94|last=Hunter|first=B.|date=2016-12-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27122-7|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mcuvh74q15hox5t6sj0fvwdraizwm7s 1545797 1545750 2026-05-18T22:10:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farouk Tebbal''' alikuwa Waziri wa Mazingira wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika serikali ya Belaid Abdessalam mwaka 1992.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=447JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1993-94|last=Hunter|first=B.|date=2016-12-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27122-7|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lr4pi340yugljnuqy9a06ggc63z3rfm 0 236396 1545751 2026-05-18T18:53:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Moataz Ali Mohamed Ben Amer''' (Kiarabu: معتز محمد علي بن عامر; alizaliwa 1981) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA.com - African Leagues review|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1374468.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> Alikuwa akichezea [[klabu]] ya mji wake wa nyumbani, Al Ahly Benghazi, pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. =...' 1545751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moataz Ali Mohamed Ben Amer''' (Kiarabu: معتز محمد علي بن عامر; alizaliwa 1981) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA.com - African Leagues review|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1374468.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> Alikuwa akichezea [[klabu]] ya mji wake wa nyumbani, Al Ahly Benghazi, pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gxjmyheqr77npiv7ddog52xgm5jjp6t 1545821 1545751 2026-05-18T23:42:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moataz Ali Mohamed Ben Amer''' (Kiarabu: معتز محمد علي بن عامر; alizaliwa 1981) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FIFA.com - African Leagues review|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=1374468.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> Alikuwa akichezea [[klabu]] ya mji wake wa nyumbani, Al Ahly Benghazi, pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eia0p0x7gllh3aw71eoh6k6nog8zb7t 0 236397 1545752 2026-05-18T18:58:30Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Ben Soueid''' ni [[mwanasoka]] na kocha wa kulipwa kutoka [[Libya]], aliyezaliwa Benghazi. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka akiwa na klabu ya Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi), ambapo alijijengea jina kubwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora katika [[historia]] ya soka ya Libya. Katika miaka ya 1960, alikuwa mfungaji bora wa klabu hiyo na mmoja wa wachezaji wake muhimu zaidi. Katika misimu ya 1963–1964 na 1964–1965, alichaguliwa kuwa mfungaji bora wa ligi ya...' 1545752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Ben Soueid''' ni [[mwanasoka]] na kocha wa kulipwa kutoka [[Libya]], aliyezaliwa Benghazi. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka akiwa na klabu ya Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi), ambapo alijijengea jina kubwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora katika [[historia]] ya soka ya Libya. Katika miaka ya 1960, alikuwa mfungaji bora wa klabu hiyo na mmoja wa wachezaji wake muhimu zaidi. Katika misimu ya 1963–1964 na 1964–1965, alichaguliwa kuwa mfungaji bora wa ligi ya taifa kwa kufunga mabao 19 na 18 mtawalia. Kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya, alifunga jumla ya mabao 36 na bado anashikilia rekodi ya Libya ya mabao mengi zaidi kufungwa katika mechi moja—mabao 9 dhidi ya Oman katika [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu mwaka 1966. Baadaye, mwaka 1989, alihudumu kama kocha wa timu ya taifa ya Libya ya soka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya National Team Coaches|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/lib-coach.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] 6rg8nth9cn6u5lbdm949b1cjp8qgwvz 0 236398 1545753 2026-05-18T19:01:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karl Friedrich Meyer''' ([[Mei 19]], [[1884]] – [[Aprili 27]], [[1974]]) alikuwa [[mwanasayansi]] nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Uswisi]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanasayansi hodari zaidi katika maeneo mengi ya magonjwa ya kuambukiza kwa binadamu na wanyama, ikolojia ya vimelea vya magonjwa, [[Epidemiolojia]] na afya ya umma. Wengine walimwita "Pasteur wa karne ya 20".<ref>Karl F. Meyer (1976) ''Medical Research and Public Health, with recollections b...' 1545753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Friedrich Meyer''' ([[Mei 19]], [[1884]] – [[Aprili 27]], [[1974]]) alikuwa [[mwanasayansi]] nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Uswisi]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanasayansi hodari zaidi katika maeneo mengi ya magonjwa ya kuambukiza kwa binadamu na wanyama, ikolojia ya vimelea vya magonjwa, [[Epidemiolojia]] na afya ya umma. Wengine walimwita "Pasteur wa karne ya 20".<ref>Karl F. Meyer (1976) ''Medical Research and Public Health, with recollections by S. S. Elberg, J. Schachter, L. E. Foster, J. H Steele. An Interview Conducted by E. T. Daniel in 1961 and 1962'', Typoscript, 439 p. [[Regents of the University of California]].</ref><ref>J. H. Steele (May 1974) ''Karl Friedrich Meyer'', in [[Journal of Infectious Diseases]] 129, S. 404-411 (Supplement).</ref><ref>A. D. Sabin (1980) ''Karl Friedrich Meyer, May 19, 1884 – April 27, 1974'', Biographical Memoirs, Vol. 42, S. 268-332. [[National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]. [[National Academy Press]], Washington D.C.</ref><ref>J. Schachter (1977) ''Karl F. Meyer, the Scientist Dedicated to Service'', Bull. Schweiz. Akad. Med. Wiss. 33, S. 187-199.</ref><ref>D. C. Cavanaugh (October 1974) ''Karl Friedrich Meyer (1884–1974)''. J. of Wildlife Dis., Vol. 10, pp.&nbsp;488–490.</ref><ref>U. Gessner. ''Karl Friedrich Meyer, 1884-1974''. REVIEW of the [[Swiss American Historical Society]]. ''In press''.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1884]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] 07w2ido516mt8cu7slknca2whrf6ebo 0 236399 1545758 2026-05-18T19:18:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdelhamid Temmar''' (amezaliwa 24 Oktoba 1938) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 mars 2009 :: Stratégie industrielle : Ouyahia accuse Temmar de tromperie|url=http://www.elwatan.com/Dossier-lie-a-la-mise-en-place-d|work=www.elwatan.com|date=2009-03-12|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=tech@netaktiv.com - Journal El Watan - Madjid Makedhi}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Uwekezaji katika serikali ya Abdelaziz Belkhadem, na kuanzia Juni 2008 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Viwanda na Uhamasishaji wa Uwekezaji chini ya Waziri Mkuu Ahmed Ouyahia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] kwy9e4menq72k93lsqfypqepnvkztdw 0 236400 1545769 2026-05-18T20:08:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elliot R. McVeigh''' ni [[profesa]] wa mwanabiolojia, Tiba na [[Radiolojia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha California,[[ San Diego]] (UCSD). Utafiti wake unatumia mbinu za upigaji picha za CT za kiwango cha chini na mbinu za MR ili kutambua watu walio katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya kushambuliwa na mshtuko wa moyo.<ref name=elliot-mcveigh-cvil-profile>{{cite web|title=Elliot McVeigh Profile on Cardiovascular Imaging Lab at UCSD Website|url=http://cvil.ucsd.edu/mem...' 1545769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elliot R. McVeigh''' ni [[profesa]] wa mwanabiolojia, Tiba na [[Radiolojia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha California,[[ San Diego]] (UCSD). Utafiti wake unatumia mbinu za upigaji picha za CT za kiwango cha chini na mbinu za MR ili kutambua watu walio katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya kushambuliwa na mshtuko wa moyo.<ref name=elliot-mcveigh-cvil-profile>{{cite web|title=Elliot McVeigh Profile on Cardiovascular Imaging Lab at UCSD Website|url=http://cvil.ucsd.edu/members/elliot-mcveigh/|accessdate=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107010125/http://cvil.ucsd.edu/members/elliot-mcveigh/|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=usnews-jhu>{{cite web|title=The Best Biomedical Engineering / Bioengineering Programs in America|url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-engineering-schools/biomedical-rankings|accessdate=6 January 2017|archive-date=15 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815195051/http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-engineering-schools/biomedical-rankings|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9asnfbpfxi2k5xup7foi6b8gba6ln52 0 236401 1545773 2026-05-18T20:23:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcia Kemper McNutt''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 19]], [[1952]]) ni mwanajiofizikia nchini [[Marekani]] na rais wa 22 wa Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi (National Academy of Sciences) cha Marekani. Alikuwa mkurugenzi mwanamke wa kwanza wa United States Geological Survey (USGS).<ref name="AAAS2016">{{cite news|title=Science Editor-in-Chief Marcia McNutt Elected President of the National Academy of Sciences|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/science-editor-chief-mar...' 1545773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcia Kemper McNutt''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 19]], [[1952]]) ni mwanajiofizikia nchini [[Marekani]] na rais wa 22 wa Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi (National Academy of Sciences) cha Marekani. Alikuwa mkurugenzi mwanamke wa kwanza wa United States Geological Survey (USGS).<ref name="AAAS2016">{{cite news|title=Science Editor-in-Chief Marcia McNutt Elected President of the National Academy of Sciences|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/science-editor-chief-marcia-mcnutt-elected-president-national-academy-sciences|access-date=19 January 2017|work=AAAS|date=16 February 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ome5eb7cqsuci3tziv8536m79qa9czh 0 236402 1545774 2026-05-18T20:27:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Don McMillan''' ni [[mchekeshaji]] na [[mhandisi]] wa zamani nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi katika eneo la [[San Francisco]] Bay Area. Anajulikana kwa ucheshi wake unaohusiana na teknolojia na uhandisi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nave |first=Howie |title=Don McMillan and Sandy Danto perform this week at Tahoe's South Shore |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/don-mcmillan-and-sandy-danto-perform-this-week-at-tahoes-south-shore/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |...' 1545774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Don McMillan''' ni [[mchekeshaji]] na [[mhandisi]] wa zamani nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi katika eneo la [[San Francisco]] Bay Area. Anajulikana kwa ucheshi wake unaohusiana na teknolojia na uhandisi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nave |first=Howie |title=Don McMillan and Sandy Danto perform this week at Tahoe's South Shore |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/don-mcmillan-and-sandy-danto-perform-this-week-at-tahoes-south-shore/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=www.tahoedailytribune.com |date=27 May 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4dh2ul93pol1jmlg8oa2xwzk3kvrx37 1545791 1545774 2026-05-18T22:01:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Don McMillan''' ni [[mchekeshaji]] na [[mhandisi]] wa zamani nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi katika eneo la [[San Francisco]] Bay Area. Anajulikana kwa ucheshi wake unaohusiana na teknolojia na uhandisi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nave |first=Howie |title=Don McMillan and Sandy Danto perform this week at Tahoe's South Shore |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/don-mcmillan-and-sandy-danto-perform-this-week-at-tahoes-south-shore/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=www.tahoedailytribune.com |date=27 May 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ktcn13iql9m2cq8mptuux6zy3f0hkvk 0 236403 1545775 2026-05-18T20:31:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edgar McGregor''' ni mtaalamu wa hali ya hewa na mwanaharakati wa mazingira nchini [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Pasadena, California]]. Anafanya kazi kwa Idara ya Hifadhi na Burudani ya Kaunti ya [[Los Angeles]] kama kiongozi wa huduma za burudani. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], juhudi zake za kujitolea za muda mrefu za kusafisha Eaton Canyon na mbuga nyingine za umma ziliondoa maelfu ya takataka kwa miaka kadhaa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-08 |title=Dis...' 1545775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edgar McGregor''' ni mtaalamu wa hali ya hewa na mwanaharakati wa mazingira nchini [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Pasadena, California]]. Anafanya kazi kwa Idara ya Hifadhi na Burudani ya Kaunti ya [[Los Angeles]] kama kiongozi wa huduma za burudani. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], juhudi zake za kujitolea za muda mrefu za kusafisha Eaton Canyon na mbuga nyingine za umma ziliondoa maelfu ya takataka kwa miaka kadhaa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-08 |title=Disney Planet Possible: Young activist helps heal environment with nearly 1K days of trash cleanups |url=https://abc7.com/disney-planet-possible-pasadena-climate-activism-edgar-mcgregor/11723301/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Branson-Potts |first=Hailey |date=2025-01-14 |title=This young Altadena weather guy had a growing following. In the Eaton fire, he saved lives |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-01-14/la-me-eaton-fire-altadena-young-forecaster-saved-lives |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sp1lk2lyhg4atmxquf0qem8anozhf3w 1545792 1545775 2026-05-18T22:03:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edgar McGregor''' ni mtaalamu wa hali ya hewa na mwanaharakati wa mazingira nchini [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Pasadena, California]]. Anafanya kazi kwa Idara ya Hifadhi na Burudani ya Kaunti ya [[Los Angeles]] kama kiongozi wa huduma za burudani. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], juhudi zake za kujitolea za muda mrefu za kusafisha Eaton Canyon na mbuga nyingine za umma ziliondoa maelfu ya takataka kwa miaka kadhaa.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari |date=2022-04-08 |title=Disney Planet Possible: Young activist helps heal environment with nearly 1K days of trash cleanups |url=https://abc7.com/disney-planet-possible-pasadena-climate-activism-edgar-mcgregor/11723301/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari |last=Branson-Potts |first=Hailey |date=2025-01-14 |title=This young Altadena weather guy had a growing following. In the Eaton fire, he saved lives |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-01-14/la-me-eaton-fire-altadena-young-forecaster-saved-lives |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0dpnw5mdfew85woelrj1hc77tybnar8 0 236404 1545777 2026-05-18T20:36:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ximena McGlashan''' ([[Oktoba 25]], [[1893]] – [[Juni 24]], [[1986]]), alijulikana pia kama '''Ximena McGlashan Howard''', alikuwa mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) nchini [[Marekani]], na "mkulima wa vipepeo" aliyeishi Truckee, [[California]]. Alijulikana kwa ukusanyaji wake mkubwa wa vipepeo na kwa kazi yake ya kuelimisha umma kuhusu vipepeo.<ref>Mark McLaughlin, [http://thetahoeweekly.com/2015/06/ximena-mcglashan-truckees-butterfly-farmer/ "Ximena...' 1545777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ximena McGlashan''' ([[Oktoba 25]], [[1893]] – [[Juni 24]], [[1986]]), alijulikana pia kama '''Ximena McGlashan Howard''', alikuwa mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) nchini [[Marekani]], na "mkulima wa vipepeo" aliyeishi Truckee, [[California]]. Alijulikana kwa ukusanyaji wake mkubwa wa vipepeo na kwa kazi yake ya kuelimisha umma kuhusu vipepeo.<ref>Mark McLaughlin, [http://thetahoeweekly.com/2015/06/ximena-mcglashan-truckees-butterfly-farmer/ "Ximena McGlashan, Truckee's Butterfly Farmer"] ''Tahoe Weekly'' (June 24, 2015).</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1893]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1986]] 5zbtf42hfgsncfkfj3ywhsy3ehmzro1 0 236405 1545779 2026-05-18T20:39:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Edward McCosker''' ni mtaalamu wa samaki (ichthyologist) nchini [[Marekani]] na amekuwa sehemu ya misafara ya kwenda nchi nyingi kama [[Antaktika]], [[Australia]], na [[Galapagos]]. Baada ya utafiti wa kina na misafara kumi, yeye ni mmoja wa wataalamu wakuu wa Galapagos. Ameonyeshwa katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya televisheni ya hali halisi (documentaries) pamoja na kufanya kazi na watengenezaji wa filamu na programu nyingine za hali halisi nje ya s...' 1545779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Edward McCosker''' ni mtaalamu wa samaki (ichthyologist) nchini [[Marekani]] na amekuwa sehemu ya misafara ya kwenda nchi nyingi kama [[Antaktika]], [[Australia]], na [[Galapagos]]. Baada ya utafiti wa kina na misafara kumi, yeye ni mmoja wa wataalamu wakuu wa Galapagos. Ameonyeshwa katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya televisheni ya hali halisi (documentaries) pamoja na kufanya kazi na watengenezaji wa filamu na programu nyingine za hali halisi nje ya skrini.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/blenniiformes3/ | title = Order BLENNIIFORMES: Families CLINIDAE, LABRISOMIDAE and CHAENOPSIDAE | work = ETYFish Fish Name Etymology Database | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 10 November 2018 | access-date = 15 April 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] grocvijyufk3dagocn1psp4scfbbyga 0 236406 1545780 2026-05-18T20:42:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christina Maslach''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 21]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa kijamii nchini [[Marekani]] na profesa emerita wa saikolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley]], aliyejulikana kwa utafiti wake kuhusu uchovu wa kazini (occupational burnout). Yeye ni mwandishi mwenza wa Maslach Burnout Inventory na Areas of Worklife Survey]. Mapema katika taaluma yake ya kitaaluma, Maslach alikuwa mtu muhimu katika kusimamisha jaribio la ger...' 1545780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christina Maslach''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 21]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa kijamii nchini [[Marekani]] na profesa emerita wa saikolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley]], aliyejulikana kwa utafiti wake kuhusu uchovu wa kazini (occupational burnout). Yeye ni mwandishi mwenza wa Maslach Burnout Inventory na Areas of Worklife Survey]. Mapema katika taaluma yake ya kitaaluma, Maslach alikuwa mtu muhimu katika kusimamisha jaribio la gereza la Stanford]] (Stanford prison experiment). Mwaka [[1997]], alitunukiwa Profesa wa Mwaka wa Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://psychology.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/cv/CV%202012.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-09-27 |archive-date=2020-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903095912/https://psychology.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/cv/CV%202012.pdf }}</ref><ref name="SciAm">{{Cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-scientists-are-mad-about-each-other/|title=When Scientists Are Mad about Each Other|last=Worth|first=Katie|work=Scientific American|quote=In lectures they frequently discuss the moment when Maslach argued with Zimbardo in the parking lot, which Zimbardo describes as an act of heroism, because she stood up for her principles even though she knew the consequence might be losing his and his colleagues' approval—and ending a relationship she cared about.|access-date=2018-01-05|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] chgmg3zs0o68d03kzuekgirsikau3hn 0 236407 1545783 2026-05-18T20:49:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Philip Alexander Munz''' ([[1892]] – [[1974]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]], mwanataxonomi wa mimea, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden na alikuwa profesa wa botania katika Pomona College, alihudumu kama mkuu wa kitivo huko kwa miaka mitatu.<ref name=Jstor>{{cite web |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000005902 |title=Munz, Philip Alexander (1892-1974) |author=<!--Not stated--> |w...' 1545783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Alexander Munz''' ([[1892]] – [[1974]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]], mwanataxonomi wa mimea, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden na alikuwa profesa wa botania katika Pomona College, alihudumu kama mkuu wa kitivo huko kwa miaka mitatu.<ref name=Jstor>{{cite web |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000005902 |title=Munz, Philip Alexander (1892-1974) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Jstor |publisher=Ithaka |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=Carlquist1975>{{cite journal |last1=Carlquist |first1=Sherwin |date=22 September 1975 |title=Philip A. Munz, Botanist and Friend |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c107/315e4fd233c306ec024df668c1cb6cb39918.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225232145/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c107/315e4fd233c306ec024df668c1cb6cb39918.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2020 |journal=Aliso |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=211–220 |doi=10.5642/ALISO.19750803.02 |s2cid=90376492 |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1892]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] oq76azqnjh2m11dzniea7y3a0hbrwr8 0 236408 1545784 2026-05-18T20:55:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jean Mueller''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mwanaastronomia]] wa [[Marekani]] na mgunduzi wa [[nyotamkia]], sayari ndogo , na idadi kubwa ya supernova katika Palomar Observatory huko [[California]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake wachache wanaotambulika katika uwanja wa ugunduzi wa nyotamkia.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2025-09-25/jean-mueller-the-librarian-who-became-palomars-first-woman-telescope-...' 1545784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Mueller''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mwanaastronomia]] wa [[Marekani]] na mgunduzi wa [[nyotamkia]], sayari ndogo , na idadi kubwa ya supernova katika Palomar Observatory huko [[California]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake wachache wanaotambulika katika uwanja wa ugunduzi wa nyotamkia.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2025-09-25/jean-mueller-the-librarian-who-became-palomars-first-woman-telescope-operator-and-discovered-her-own-comets|title=The librarian who became Palomar's first female telescope operator, and who discovered her own comets|first=Charity|last=Hume|date=September 25, 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m1ui0bfpyoxeyx2im9a43h57o8asf3d 0 236409 1545785 2026-05-18T20:59:21Z Family 001 70423 nimeanzisha makala mpya 1545785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sid Ali Mazif''' (16 Oktoba 1943 - 2 Mei 2023) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sid Ali Mazif. Cinéaste réalisateur engagé : Quand le cinéma algérien a le blues...|url=https://elwatan.dz/sid-ali-mazif-cineaste-realisateur-engage-quand-le-cinema-algerien-a-le-blues/|work=El Watan|date=2023-03-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR|author=Hamid Tahri}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa [[Aljeri|Algiers]] mnamo tarehe 16 Oktoba 1943, Mazif alianza kazi yake kama msaidizi wa muongozaji wa filamu ya Vingt ans à Alger.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sid Ali Mazif|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f87a45f|work=BFI|language=en|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> Alisoma katika taasisi ya Institut national du cinema de Ben Aknoun. Wakati wa masomo yake, alitoa filamu zake fupi za kwanza kutoka mwaka 1965 hadi 1966. Kisha alianza kufanya kazi katika Ofisi ya kitaifa ya pour le commerce et l'industrie cinématographique, ambapo aliongoza filamu kama vile La Cueillette des oranges na Le Paludisme en Algérie. Pia alishirikiana katika utengenezaji wa filamu mbili muhimu katika historia ya sinema ya Algeria: L'Enfer à dix ans na Histoires de la révolution. Filamu ya kwanza ya Mazif, yaani Sueur noire, iliangazia mapambano ya wachimbaji madini wakati wa enzi ya ukoloni. Filamu yake ya mwaka 1975, Les Nomades, ililenga suala la kuwatafutia makazi ya kudumu watu wanaohama-hama nchini Algeria. Tangu alipotoa filamu ya Leïla et les Autres, amekuwa akifanya kampeni za kupigania haki za wanawake nchini Algeria. Sid Ali Mazif alifariki Algiers mnamo Mei 2, 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 79. == Filamu == * ''Sueur noire'' (1972) * ''Les Nomades'' (1975) * ''Leïla et les Autres'' (1977) * ''J'existe'' (1982) * ''Houria [fr]'' (1986) * ''La Cause des femmes'' (2007) * ''La Violence contre les femmes'' (2007) * ''Le Patio'' (2016) == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji wa Filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu kwa lugha]] 7xslovdg7qqnht9pa743zy1q7tk2mfy 1545852 1545785 2026-05-19T00:45:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sid Ali Mazif''' (16 Oktoba 1943 - 2 Mei 2023) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sid Ali Mazif. Cinéaste réalisateur engagé : Quand le cinéma algérien a le blues...|url=https://elwatan.dz/sid-ali-mazif-cineaste-realisateur-engage-quand-le-cinema-algerien-a-le-blues/|work=El Watan|date=2023-03-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR|author=Hamid Tahri}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa [[Aljeri|Algiers]] mnamo tarehe 16 Oktoba 1943, Mazif alianza kazi yake kama msaidizi wa muongozaji wa filamu ya Vingt ans à Alger.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sid Ali Mazif|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f87a45f|work=BFI|language=en|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> Alisoma katika taasisi ya Institut national du cinema de Ben Aknoun. Wakati wa masomo yake, alitoa filamu zake fupi za kwanza kutoka mwaka 1965 hadi 1966. Kisha alianza kufanya kazi katika Ofisi ya kitaifa ya pour le commerce et l'industrie cinématographique, ambapo aliongoza filamu kama vile La Cueillette des oranges na Le Paludisme en Algérie. Pia alishirikiana katika utengenezaji wa filamu mbili muhimu katika historia ya sinema ya Algeria: L'Enfer à dix ans na Histoires de la révolution. Filamu ya kwanza ya Mazif, yaani Sueur noire, iliangazia mapambano ya wachimbaji madini wakati wa enzi ya ukoloni. Filamu yake ya mwaka 1975, Les Nomades, ililenga suala la kuwatafutia makazi ya kudumu watu wanaohama-hama nchini Algeria. Tangu alipotoa filamu ya Leïla et les Autres, amekuwa akifanya kampeni za kupigania haki za wanawake nchini Algeria. Sid Ali Mazif alifariki Algiers mnamo Mei 2, 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 79. == Filamu == * ''Sueur noire'' (1972) * ''Les Nomades'' (1975) * ''Leïla et les Autres'' (1977) * ''J'existe'' (1982) * ''Houria [fr]'' (1986) * ''La Cause des femmes'' (2007) * ''La Violence contre les femmes'' (2007) * ''Le Patio'' (2016) == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji wa Filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu kwa lugha]] 8kt9r0njo4tp2xuwhjpn32xnjz2wqzg 1546110 1545852 2026-05-19T09:49:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sid Ali Mazif''' (16 Oktoba 1943 - 2 Mei 2023) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sid Ali Mazif. Cinéaste réalisateur engagé : Quand le cinéma algérien a le blues...|url=https://elwatan.dz/sid-ali-mazif-cineaste-realisateur-engage-quand-le-cinema-algerien-a-le-blues/|work=El Watan|date=2023-03-02|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr-FR|author=Hamid Tahri}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa [[Aljeri|Algiers]] mnamo tarehe 16 Oktoba 1943, akaanza kazi yake kama msaidizi wa muongozaji wa filamu ya Vingt ans à Alger.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sid Ali Mazif|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f87a45f|work=BFI|language=en|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> Alisoma katika taasisi ya Institut national du cinema de Ben Aknoun. Wakati wa masomo yake, alitoa filamu zake fupi za kwanza kutoka mwaka 1965 hadi 1966. Kisha alianza kufanya kazi katika Ofisi ya kitaifa ya pour le commerce et l'industrie cinématographique, ambapo aliongoza filamu kama vile La Cueillette des oranges na Le Paludisme en Algérie. Pia alishirikiana katika utengenezaji wa filamu mbili muhimu katika historia ya sinema ya Algeria: L'Enfer à dix ans na Histoires de la révolution. Filamu ya kwanza ya Mazif, yaani Sueur noire, iliangazia mapambano ya wachimbaji madini wakati wa enzi ya ukoloni. Filamu yake ya mwaka 1975, Les Nomades, ililenga suala la kuwatafutia makazi ya kudumu watu wanaohama-hama nchini Algeria. Tangu alipotoa filamu ya Leïla et les Autres, amekuwa akifanya kampeni za kupigania haki za wanawake nchini Algeria. Sid Ali Mazif alifariki Algiers mnamo Mei 2, 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 79. == Filamu == * ''Sueur noire'' (1972) * ''Les Nomades'' (1975) * ''Leïla et les Autres'' (1977) * ''J'existe'' (1982) * ''Houria [fr]'' (1986) * ''La Cause des femmes'' (2007) * ''La Violence contre les femmes'' (2007) * ''Le Patio'' (2016) == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji wa Filamu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Algeria]] dsg3z5zep31uuwrt5lwjwa3cj0wkrov 0 236410 1545799 2026-05-18T22:17:24Z Family 001 70423 nimeanzisha makala mpya 1545799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alain Kassanda.jpg|thumb|Alain Kassanda katika uonyeshaji wa mara ya kwanza nchini Nigeria wa filamu ya ''Coconut Head Generation'' kwenye klabu ya filamu ya TFS katika Chuo kikuu Cha Ibadan]] '''Alain Kassanda''' ni mtengenezaji wa filamu kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na mtunzi wa sinema, na mwanzilishi wa Ajímatí Films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Kassanda - Unifrance|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/452365/alain-kassanda|work=en.unifrance.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa filamu zake za makala zinazosifika sana kama Trouble Sleep (2020), Colette & Justin (2022), na Coconut Head Generation (2023). == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa [[Kinshasa]], Kassanda aliondoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] kwenda [[Ufaransa]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 11. Baada ya kusomea mawasiliano, alianza kuandaa maonyesho ya filamu na matamasha kadhaa ya filamu katika kumbi mbalimbali za sinema za jijini [[Paris]] mwaka 2003, na alikuwa mtayarishaji wa filamu wa ukumbi wa sinema wa Les 39 Marches huko [[Sevran]], karibu na Paris, kwa miaka mitano.Baadae alihamia mji uitwao Ibadan mwaka 2015, ambapo aliandaa filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu wa kati. == Kazi, utambuzi na tuzo == Kazi za Kassanda zimekuwa zikioneshwa katika matamasha makubwa ya filamu kote ulimwenguni, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Makala [[Amsterdam]] (IDFA), Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu na Jukwaa la Haki za Binadamu (FIFDH [[Geneva]]), Tamasha la Filamu za Kiafrika la [[Jiji la New York|New York]], Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Jean Rouch, Paris; Tamasha la Filamu la Afrika, huko jijini Cologne; Tamasha la Sinema za Kiafrika (FCAT), Biografilms huko [[Bologna]], Tamasha la filamu za makala huko [[London]], katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]], Tamasha la Filamu la Maison Française, ni miongoni mwa mengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Across Generations: Colette and Justin {{!}} Event|url=https://sofheyman.org/events/colette-and-justin|work=SOF/Heyman|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=20 años de cine africano en Tarifa|url=https://elpais.com/planeta-futuro/2023-04-30/20-anos-de-cine-africano-en-tarifa.html|work=El País|date=2023-04-30|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=es|author=Ana Carbajosa}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Coconut Head Generation - Open City Documentary Festival|url=https://opencitylondon.com/events/coconut-head-generation/|work=Open City Documentary Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kazi ya kwanza ya Kassanda, iliyoitwa ''Trouble Sleep'', ilipokea Tuzo ya Golden Dove katika kipengele cha Filamu Fupi Bora katika tamasha la kimataifa la DOK Leipzig kwa filamu ya makala na katuni mnamo mwaka 2020 na kutajwa kipekee na majaji katika Tamasha la Cinéma du Réel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=“Downstream to Kinshasa” wins Golden Dove in International Competition Long Film at DOK Leipzig {{!}} DOK Leipzig|url=https://www.dok-leipzig.de/en/presse/1604232000-142020|work=www.dok-leipzig.de|date=2020-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trouble Sleep · DOK Leipzig|url=https://www.dok-leipzig.de/en/film/trouble-sleep|work=www.dok-leipzig.de|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Kassanda|url=http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_113890_F|work=www.film-documentaire.fr|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=Film-documentaire.fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa katika Mfululizo wa Filamu za Mipango Miji katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[Massachusetts]] mnamo mwezi Oktoba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trouble Sleep with Alain Kassanda {{!}} DUSP|url=https://dusp.mit.edu/events/trouble-sleep-alain-kassanda|work=dusp.mit.edu|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Katika tamasha la FIFDH Geneva mwaka 2023, kazi ya pili ya Kassanda na filamu ya kwanza ya urefu kamili, iliyoitwa ''Colette na Justin (2022)'', ambayo inakumbusha uzoefu wa babu na bibi yake chini ya [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] pamoja na mapambano ya uzalendo ya kudai uhuru wa Kongo, ilishinda Tuzo ya Gilda Vieira De Mello katika Shindano la Filamu za makala za Ubunifu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aurora's Sunrise and Beyond the Wall emerge victorious at FIFDH|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/440072/|work=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema|date=2023-03-20|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/03/20/armenian-production-auroras-sunrise-wins-grand-prize-at-fifdh Armenian production 'Aurora's Sunrise' wins Grand Prize at FIFDH | Euronews]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Decolonising African cinema in the time of Netflix|url=https://africanarguments.org/2023/08/decolonizing-african-cinema-in-the-time-of-netflix/|work=African Arguments|date=2023-08-21|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Ana Carbajosa}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika tamasha la IDFA, na ilichaguliwa kuwania Tuzo ya IDFA katika Kipengele cha Filamu bora ya Kwanza ya urefu kamili na Tuzo ya Beeld en Geluid IDFA ReFrame.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colette and Justin (2022) {{!}} IDFA Archive|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/744ebc0f-2816-4982-b79d-a3f70e1f4f59/colette-and-justin|work=IDFA|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Oberon Amsterdam www.oberon.nl}}</ref> Filamu hiyo pia ilipata pongezi maalum kutoka kwa majaji katika Tamasha la Biografilms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biografilm|url=https://www.biografilm.it/en/|work=www.biografilm.it|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2023, filamu hiyo (''Colette & Justin)'' ilitangazwa kuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Filamu ya Chama cha Masomo ya Kiafrika ya mwaka 2023, na itakuwa ikionyeshwa katika mkutano wa kila mwaka wa chama hicho.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 ASA Awardees & Finalists|url=https://africanstudies.org/awards-prizes-asa/2023-asa-awardees-finalists/|work=African Studies Association Portal - ASA|date=2023-09-29|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=Alix Saba}}</ref> Kazi ya hivi karibuni ya Kassanda, ''Coconut Head Generation (2023)'', ilichaguliwa kuoneshwa katika tamasha la Waongozaji Wapya/Filamu Mpya katika Kituo cha Lincoln na Jumba la Makumbusho la Sanaa ya Kisasa. Katika Tamasha la Cinéma du Réel ya 2023, filamu hiyo ilishinda Tuzo Kuu na Pongezi Maalum kwa ajili ya Tuzo ya Clarens ya utengenezaji wa Filamu za Makala ya Kiutu.<ref>{{Citation|title=New Directors/New Films 2023|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/ndnf-2023-splash/|work=Film at Lincoln Center|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=cinereel|title=Award list {{!}} 45th edition • Cinéma du Réel|date=2023-04-02|url=https://www.cinemadureel.org/en/awards-45e-edition/|work=Cinéma du Réel|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cinéma du réel crowns Coconut Head Generation and Up the River With Acid as its champions|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/440559/|work=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema|date=2023-04-03|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Filamu kwa lugha]] [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Ukoloni]] qa22kw6kvh8dscrp8xm73q8owqrva5s 1546118 1545799 2026-05-19T09:51:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alain Kassanda.jpg|thumb|Alain Kassanda katika uonyeshaji wa mara ya kwanza nchini Nigeria wa filamu ya ''Coconut Head Generation'' kwenye klabu ya filamu ya TFS katika Chuo kikuu Cha Ibadan]] '''Alain Kassanda''' ni mtengenezaji wa filamu, mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na mtunzi wa sinema kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], aliye mwanzilishi wa Ajímatí Films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Kassanda - Unifrance|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/452365/alain-kassanda|work=en.unifrance.org|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa filamu zake za makala zinazosifika sana kama Trouble Sleep (2020), Colette & Justin (2022), na Coconut Head Generation (2023). == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa [[Kinshasa]] lakini aliondoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] kwenda [[Ufaransa]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 11. Baada ya kusomea mawasiliano, alianza kuandaa maonyesho ya filamu na matamasha kadhaa ya filamu katika kumbi mbalimbali za sinema za jijini [[Paris]] mwaka 2003, na alikuwa mtayarishaji wa filamu wa ukumbi wa sinema wa Les 39 Marches huko [[Sevran]], karibu na Paris, kwa miaka mitano.Baadae alihamia mji uitwao Ibadan mwaka 2015, ambapo aliandaa filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu wa kati. == Kazi, utambuzi na tuzo == Kazi za Kassanda zimekuwa zikioneshwa katika matamasha makubwa ya filamu kote ulimwenguni, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Makala [[Amsterdam]] (IDFA), Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu na Jukwaa la Haki za Binadamu (FIFDH [[Geneva]]), Tamasha la Filamu za Kiafrika la [[Jiji la New York|New York]], Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Jean Rouch, Paris; Tamasha la Filamu la Afrika, huko jijini Cologne; Tamasha la Sinema za Kiafrika (FCAT), Biografilms huko [[Bologna]], Tamasha la filamu za makala huko [[London]], katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]], Tamasha la Filamu la Maison Française, ni miongoni mwa mengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Across Generations: Colette and Justin {{!}} Event|url=https://sofheyman.org/events/colette-and-justin|work=SOF/Heyman|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=20 años de cine africano en Tarifa|url=https://elpais.com/planeta-futuro/2023-04-30/20-anos-de-cine-africano-en-tarifa.html|work=El País|date=2023-04-30|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=es|author=Ana Carbajosa}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Coconut Head Generation - Open City Documentary Festival|url=https://opencitylondon.com/events/coconut-head-generation/|work=Open City Documentary Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref> Kazi ya kwanza ya Kassanda, iliyoitwa ''Trouble Sleep'', ilipokea Tuzo ya Golden Dove katika kipengele cha Filamu Fupi Bora katika tamasha la kimataifa la DOK Leipzig kwa filamu ya makala na katuni mnamo mwaka 2020 na kutajwa kipekee na majaji katika Tamasha la Cinéma du Réel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=“Downstream to Kinshasa” wins Golden Dove in International Competition Long Film at DOK Leipzig {{!}} DOK Leipzig|url=https://www.dok-leipzig.de/en/presse/1604232000-142020|work=www.dok-leipzig.de|date=2020-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trouble Sleep · DOK Leipzig|url=https://www.dok-leipzig.de/en/film/trouble-sleep|work=www.dok-leipzig.de|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alain Kassanda|url=http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_113890_F|work=www.film-documentaire.fr|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr|author=Film-documentaire.fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa katika Mfululizo wa Filamu za Mipango Miji katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya [[Massachusetts]] mnamo mwezi Oktoba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trouble Sleep with Alain Kassanda {{!}} DUSP|url=https://dusp.mit.edu/events/trouble-sleep-alain-kassanda|work=dusp.mit.edu|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref> Katika tamasha la FIFDH Geneva mwaka 2023, kazi ya pili ya Kassanda na filamu ya kwanza ya urefu kamili, iliyoitwa ''Colette na Justin (2022)'', ambayo inakumbusha uzoefu wa babu na bibi yake chini ya [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] pamoja na mapambano ya uzalendo ya kudai uhuru wa Kongo, ilishinda Tuzo ya Gilda Vieira De Mello katika Shindano la Filamu za makala za Ubunifu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aurora's Sunrise and Beyond the Wall emerge victorious at FIFDH|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/440072/|work=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema|date=2023-03-20|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/03/20/armenian-production-auroras-sunrise-wins-grand-prize-at-fifdh Armenian production 'Aurora's Sunrise' wins Grand Prize at FIFDH | Euronews]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Decolonising African cinema in the time of Netflix|url=https://africanarguments.org/2023/08/decolonizing-african-cinema-in-the-time-of-netflix/|work=African Arguments|date=2023-08-21|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-GB|author=Ana Carbajosa}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika tamasha la IDFA, na ilichaguliwa kuwania Tuzo ya IDFA katika Kipengele cha Filamu bora ya Kwanza ya urefu kamili na Tuzo ya Beeld en Geluid IDFA ReFrame.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colette and Justin (2022) {{!}} IDFA Archive|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/744ebc0f-2816-4982-b79d-a3f70e1f4f59/colette-and-justin|work=IDFA|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en|author=Oberon Amsterdam www.oberon.nl}}</ref> Filamu hiyo pia ilipata pongezi maalum kutoka kwa majaji katika Tamasha la Biografilms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biografilm|url=https://www.biografilm.it/en/|work=www.biografilm.it|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2023, filamu hiyo (''Colette & Justin)'' ilitangazwa kuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Filamu ya Chama cha Masomo ya Kiafrika ya mwaka 2023, na itakuwa ikionyeshwa katika mkutano wa kila mwaka wa chama hicho.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 ASA Awardees & Finalists|url=https://africanstudies.org/awards-prizes-asa/2023-asa-awardees-finalists/|work=African Studies Association Portal - ASA|date=2023-09-29|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en-US|author=Alix Saba}}</ref> Kazi ya hivi karibuni ya Kassanda, ''Coconut Head Generation (2023)'', ilichaguliwa kuoneshwa katika tamasha la Waongozaji Wapya/Filamu Mpya katika Kituo cha Lincoln na Jumba la Makumbusho la Sanaa ya Kisasa. Katika Tamasha la Cinéma du Réel ya 2023, filamu hiyo ilishinda Tuzo Kuu na Pongezi Maalum kwa ajili ya Tuzo ya Clarens ya utengenezaji wa Filamu za Makala ya Kiutu.<ref>{{Citation|title=New Directors/New Films 2023|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/ndnf-2023-splash/|work=Film at Lincoln Center|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=cinereel|title=Award list {{!}} 45th edition • Cinéma du Réel|date=2023-04-02|url=https://www.cinemadureel.org/en/awards-45e-edition/|work=Cinéma du Réel|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cinéma du réel crowns Coconut Head Generation and Up the River With Acid as its champions|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/440559/|work=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema|date=2023-04-03|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Kinshasa]] [[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 11w15mntopq67iqqmux43ohdih6ru9c 0 236411 1545804 2026-05-18T22:56:22Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Donald John Arnold''' (14 Julai 1935 – 27 Juni 2021) alikuwa mshindani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa makasia na bingwa wa Olimpiki. Alizaliwa mjini [[Kelowna]], [[British Columbia]]. Alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mashindano ya ''coxless fours'' kwenye Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1956 huko [[Melbourne]], pamoja na Archibald MacKinnon, Lorne Loomer na Walter D'Hondt.<ref name=db-ol-ROW-1956>http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport...' 1545804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Arnold''' (14 Julai 1935 – 27 Juni 2021) alikuwa mshindani wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa makasia na bingwa wa Olimpiki. Alizaliwa mjini [[Kelowna]], [[British Columbia]]. Alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mashindano ya ''coxless fours'' kwenye Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1956 huko [[Melbourne]], pamoja na Archibald MacKinnon, Lorne Loomer na Walter D'Hondt.<ref name=db-ol-ROW-1956>[[http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=14&sp=ROW](http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=14&sp=ROW) "1956 Summer Olympics – Melbourne, Australia – Rowing"] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071208105105/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=14&sp=ROW](https://web.archive.org/web/20071208105105/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=14&sp=ROW) |date=2007-12-08 }} (Retrieved on May 14, 2008)</ref> Katika 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Arnold alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mashindano ya ''eights'', na medali ya fedha katika ''coxed fours''. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mashindano ya ''eights'' kwenye Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1960 huko [[Roma]], akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Kanada.<ref name=db-ol-ROW-1960>[[http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=15&sp=ROW](http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=15&sp=ROW) "1960 Summer Olympics – Rome, Italy – Rowing"] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070904114042/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=15&sp=ROW](https://web.archive.org/web/20070904114042/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=15&sp=ROW) |date=2007-09-04 }} (Retrieved on May 14, 2008)</ref> Alifariki mwaka 2021 akiwa na umri wa miaka 85 huko North Vancouver, British Columbia, kutokana na kushindwa kwa moyo kufanya kazi.<ref>{{cite news|title=B.C. rower Don Arnold and his crew of underdogs won Canada's first Olympic gold in the sport|url=[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-bc-rower-don-arnold-and-his-crew-of-underdogs-won-canadas-first/|publisher=The](https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-bc-rower-don-arnold-and-his-crew-of-underdogs-won-canadas-first/|publisher=The) Globe and Mail|last=Hawthorn|first=Tom|date=August 1, 2021|accessdate=August 4, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2021}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] j4ks99p3y6afpdb7uki4hncfot0f2dq 0 236412 1545808 2026-05-18T23:01:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Ascherl''' (7 Juni 1953 – 5 Juni 2022) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Ujerumani]]-[[Canada|Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=9 June 2022|title=In Gedenken an Peter Ascherl|trans-title= |url=[https://www.adler-mannheim.de/aktuelles/in-gedenken-an-peter-ascherl/|language=German|work=[[Adler](https://www.adler-mannheim.de/aktuelles/in-gedenken-an-peter-ascherl/|language=German|work=[[Adler) Mannheim]]|location= |access-date=14...' 1545808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Ascherl''' (7 Juni 1953 – 5 Juni 2022) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Ujerumani]]-[[Canada|Kanada]] wa hoki ya barafu.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=9 June 2022|title=In Gedenken an Peter Ascherl|trans-title= |url=[https://www.adler-mannheim.de/aktuelles/in-gedenken-an-peter-ascherl/|language=German|work=[[Adler](https://www.adler-mannheim.de/aktuelles/in-gedenken-an-peter-ascherl/|language=German|work=[[Adler) Mannheim]]|location= |access-date=14 June 2022}}</ref> Alicheza kama mshambuliaji (forward) katika ligi ya Eishockey-Bundesliga kwa timu za Mannheimer ERC, Kölner EC, [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], na Düsseldorfer EG.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.eurohockey.com/player/40627-peter-ascherl.html|title=Peter](https://www.eurohockey.com/player/40627-peter-ascherl.html|title=Peter) Ascherl|work=eurohockey.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 0u38f588o04z9jevzx2up4jpji8dsbi 0 236413 1545810 2026-05-18T23:04:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leslie Ascott''' (Oktoba 2, 1921 – Agosti 8, 2013) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] aliyekichezea kikosi cha Toronto Argonauts katika Canadian Football League (CFL) kwa misimu 11. Ascott alicheza zaidi katika nafasi ya offensive tackle na alikuwa sehemu ya timu zilizoshinda mataji matano ya Grey Cup. Mwaka 1981, Ascott aliingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Michezo wa Peterborough (Peterborough Sports Hall of Fame). Katik...' 1545810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leslie Ascott''' (Oktoba 2, 1921 – Agosti 8, 2013) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] aliyekichezea kikosi cha Toronto Argonauts katika Canadian Football League (CFL) kwa misimu 11. Ascott alicheza zaidi katika nafasi ya offensive tackle na alikuwa sehemu ya timu zilizoshinda mataji matano ya Grey Cup. Mwaka 1981, Ascott aliingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Michezo wa Peterborough (Peterborough Sports Hall of Fame). Katika sherehe iliyofanyika mwaka 2004 katika Rogers Centre, jezi yake yenye namba 52 ilistaafishwa na jina lake kuongezwa kwenye Ukuta wa Heshima wa Toronto Argonauts. Ascott aliishi Peterborough pamoja na mke wake wa miaka 50 wa ndoa, Irene. Walikuwa na watoto wawili, Terry na Barbara, pamoja na wajukuu watatu wa kike. Alifariki tarehe 8 Agosti 2013 katika mji wake wa nyumbani.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2013/08/09/les-ascott-was-argonauts-legend](http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2013/08/09/les-ascott-was-argonauts-legend) |title=Les Ascott was Argonauts legend |publisher=Peterborough Examiner |date=2013-08-09 |accessdate=2013-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?n=leslie-ascott&pid=166342026&fhid=12309#fbLoggedOut|title=LESLIE](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?n=leslie-ascott&pid=166342026&fhid=12309#fbLoggedOut|title=LESLIE) ASCOTT Obituary (2013) - PETERBOROUGH, ON - Toronto Star|website=[[Legacy.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://nisbettfuneralhome.sharingmemories.ca/siteContent/memorial.html?personId=241310&source=memlist|title=Leslie](http://nisbettfuneralhome.sharingmemories.ca/siteContent/memorial.html?personId=241310&source=memlist|title=Leslie) Ascott | Peterborough | Nisbett Funeral Home}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185327/http://www.cfl.ca/page/cfl-veterans](https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185327/http://www.cfl.ca/page/cfl-veterans) Wasifu wa Les Ascott] {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1921|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 6a0f6qnrfxd2ijo4jxefn95qhxida5s 1545815 1545810 2026-05-18T23:14:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leslie Ascott''' (Oktoba 2, 1921 – Agosti 8, 2013) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] aliyekichezea kikosi cha Toronto Argonauts katika Canadian Football League (CFL) kwa misimu 11. Ascott alicheza zaidi katika nafasi ya offensive tackle na alikuwa sehemu ya timu zilizoshinda mataji matano ya Grey Cup. Mwaka 1981, Ascott aliingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Michezo wa Peterborough (Peterborough Sports Hall of Fame). Katika sherehe iliyofanyika mwaka 2004 katika Rogers Centre, jezi yake yenye namba 52 ilistaafishwa na jina lake kuongezwa kwenye Ukuta wa Heshima wa Toronto Argonauts. Ascott aliishi Peterborough pamoja na mke wake wa miaka 50 wa ndoa, Irene. Walikuwa na watoto wawili, Terry na Barbara, pamoja na wajukuu watatu wa kike. Alifariki tarehe 8 Agosti 2013 katika mji wake wa nyumbani.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2013/08/09/les-ascott-was-argonauts-legend](http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2013/08/09/les-ascott-was-argonauts-legend) |title=Les Ascott was Argonauts legend |publisher=Peterborough Examiner |date=2013-08-09 |accessdate=2013-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?n=leslie-ascott&pid=166342026&fhid=12309#fbLoggedOut|title=LESLIE](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?n=leslie-ascott&pid=166342026&fhid=12309#fbLoggedOut|title=LESLIE) ASCOTT Obituary (2013) - PETERBOROUGH, ON - Toronto Star|website=[[Legacy.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://nisbettfuneralhome.sharingmemories.ca/siteContent/memorial.html?personId=241310&source=memlist|title=Leslie](http://nisbettfuneralhome.sharingmemories.ca/siteContent/memorial.html?personId=241310&source=memlist|title=Leslie) Ascott | Peterborough | Nisbett Funeral Home}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185327/http://www.cfl.ca/page/cfl-veterans](https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185327/http://www.cfl.ca/page/cfl-veterans) Wasifu wa Les Ascott] {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1921|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] g22z5fdhuxx78gqodznzyj6irgak1mu 0 236414 1545812 2026-05-18T23:07:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert John Ash''' (amezaliwa 29 Septemba 1943) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa hoki ya barafu aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mlinzi.<ref>National Hockey League Guide and Record Book 1974-75, pg. 246</ref> Alicheza michezo 200 katika World Hockey Association akiwa na timu za Winnipeg Jets na Indianapolis Racers, ambapo alifunga mabao sita na kutoa pasi za mabao 46. == Tuzo na mafanikio == * Timu ya Nyota ya Kwanza ya MJHL (196...' 1545812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert John Ash''' (amezaliwa 29 Septemba 1943) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa hoki ya barafu aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mlinzi.<ref>National Hockey League Guide and Record Book 1974-75, pg. 246</ref> Alicheza michezo 200 katika World Hockey Association akiwa na timu za Winnipeg Jets na Indianapolis Racers, ambapo alifunga mabao sita na kutoa pasi za mabao 46. == Tuzo na mafanikio == * Timu ya Nyota ya Kwanza ya MJHL (1964) * Bingwa wa Kombe la Turnbull katika MJHL (1962, 1963, na 1964) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] p7sno9a8bhq1j0vt80mxihhj5hyy4ko 0 236415 1545816 2026-05-18T23:15:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Ashcroft''' (amezaliwa 7 Desemba 1964 huko [[Leeds]]) ni mwanamichezo wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa mpiga risasi. Alishiriki katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya mwaka 1988 na 1992. Katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 1988, alimaliza katika nafasi ya nane kwenye mashindano ya rifle prone ya mita 50 kwa wanaume. Mwaka 1992, alishika nafasi ya 15 kwa pamoja katika mashindano ya rifle prone ya mita 50 kwa wanaume.<ref>{{cite web|title=Michael Ashcroft|u...' 1545816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Ashcroft''' (amezaliwa 7 Desemba 1964 huko [[Leeds]]) ni mwanamichezo wa [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa mchezo wa mpiga risasi. Alishiriki katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya mwaka 1988 na 1992. Katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 1988, alimaliza katika nafasi ya nane kwenye mashindano ya rifle prone ya mita 50 kwa wanaume. Mwaka 1992, alishika nafasi ya 15 kwa pamoja katika mashindano ya rifle prone ya mita 50 kwa wanaume.<ref>{{cite web|title=Michael Ashcroft|url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/as/michael-ashcroft-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418091841/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/as/michael-ashcroft-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/as/michael-ashcroft-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418091841/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/as/michael-ashcroft-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April) 18, 2020|website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=August 13, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] frxk4lejils7azlx8uicdowievrvt1q 0 236416 1545817 2026-05-18T23:17:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Raymond Bernard Ash''' (Novemba 11, 1936 – Mei 24, 2016) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] ambaye aliichezea timu za Saskatchewan Roughriders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers na Edmonton Eskimos. Alishinda ubingwa wa Grey Cup akiwa na Winnipeg katika miaka ya 1961 na 1962.<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=ashray001|](http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=as...' 1545817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raymond Bernard Ash''' (Novemba 11, 1936 – Mei 24, 2016) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] ambaye aliichezea timu za Saskatchewan Roughriders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers na Edmonton Eskimos. Alishinda ubingwa wa Grey Cup akiwa na Winnipeg katika miaka ya 1961 na 1962.<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=ashray001|](http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=ashray001|) title = Takwimu za mpira wa miguu za Ray Ash kwenye StatsCrew.com}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Mpira wa Miguu wa Shule za Sekondari wa Winnipeg (Winnipeg High School Football Hall of Fame), alikoingizwa mwaka 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame](http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame) |title=Hall of Fame {{!}} Winnipeg High School Football League |website=[www.whsfl.ca](http://www.whsfl.ca) |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003234427/http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame](https://web.archive.org/web/20111003234427/http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame) |archive-date=2011-10-03}} </ref> Ash alifariki mwaka 2016 akiwa na umri wa miaka 79.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-235773/Ash_Raymond|title=ASH](https://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-235773/Ash_Raymond|title=ASH) RAYMOND - Obituaries - Winnipeg Free Press Passages}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1936|2016}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] ax3dlrmzx1jp2lp9bd4sa107h4cufe3 1545848 1545817 2026-05-19T00:31:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raymond Bernard Ash''' (Novemba 11, 1936 – Mei 24, 2016) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kanada]] ambaye aliichezea timu za Saskatchewan Roughriders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers na Edmonton Eskimos. Alishinda ubingwa wa Grey Cup akiwa na Winnipeg katika miaka ya 1961 na 1962.<ref>{{cite web| url = [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=ashray001|](http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=ashray001|) title = Takwimu za mpira wa miguu za Ray Ash kwenye StatsCrew.com}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Mpira wa Miguu wa Shule za Sekondari wa Winnipeg (Winnipeg High School Football Hall of Fame), alikoingizwa mwaka 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame](http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame) |title=Hall of Fame {{!}} Winnipeg High School Football League |website=[www.whsfl.ca](http://www.whsfl.ca) |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003234427/http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame](https://web.archive.org/web/20111003234427/http://www.whsfl.ca/hall-of-fame) |archive-date=2011-10-03}} </ref> Ash alifariki mwaka 2016 akiwa na umri wa miaka 79.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-235773/Ash_Raymond|title=ASH](https://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-235773/Ash_Raymond|title=ASH) RAYMOND - Obituaries - Winnipeg Free Press Passages}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1936|2016}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] nubh6vj33jen6unwzzuibnj0sxhhf4q 0 236417 1545819 2026-05-18T23:39:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Damian Innocent Mihayo''' (amezaliwa 21 Septemba 1987), anayejulikana kitaalamu kama '''Damian Soul''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mtunzi wa muziki na mpiga gitaa wa [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-20 |title=Damian Soul |url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul](https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul) |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Damian S...' 1545819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Damian Innocent Mihayo''' (amezaliwa 21 Septemba 1987), anayejulikana kitaalamu kama '''Damian Soul''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mtunzi wa muziki na mpiga gitaa wa [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-20 |title=Damian Soul |url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul](https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul) |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Damian Soul alizaliwa na kukulia [[Sinza]], [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Jaji Innocent Mihayo. Ana dada mmoja mkubwa. Akiwa mdogo, alitambulishwa kwa aina mbalimbali za muziki ambao wazazi wake walikuwa wakisikiliza. Ushawishi wa mjomba wake katika muziki wa hip hop ulimfanya avutiwe na uandishi wa muziki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=ACCES 2023 interview: Tanzanian musician Damian Soul |url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/acces-2023-interview-tanzanian-musician-damian-soul](https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/acces-2023-interview-tanzanian-musician-damian-soul) |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] laoi9u0cdbe1lm8g9vi36o3xlza4j9w 1545911 1545819 2026-05-19T04:53:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Damian Innocent Mihayo''' (amezaliwa 21 Septemba 1987), anayejulikana kitaalamu kama '''Damian Soul''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mtunzi wa muziki na mpiga gitaa wa [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-07-20 |title=Damian Soul |url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul](https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/damian-soul) |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Damian Soul alizaliwa na kukulia [[Sinza]], [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Jaji Innocent Mihayo. Ana dada mmoja mkubwa. Akiwa mdogo, alitambulishwa kwa aina mbalimbali za muziki ambao wazazi wake walikuwa wakisikiliza. Ushawishi wa mjomba wake katika muziki wa hip hop ulimfanya avutiwe na uandishi wa muziki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-11-03 |title=ACCES 2023 interview: Tanzanian musician Damian Soul |url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/acces-2023-interview-tanzanian-musician-damian-soul](https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/acces-2023-interview-tanzanian-musician-damian-soul) |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 5e9d7k73rwxybtq5fs58lo2j2m2i6yv 0 236418 1545820 2026-05-18T23:41:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Japhet Ngailonga Hasunga''' (amezaliwa Novemba 23, 1965, katika kijiji cha [[Iyula]], wilayani Mbozi, Tanzania) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania kupitia chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la [[Vwawa]] tangu mwaka 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/250|title=Parliament](http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/250|title=Parliament) of Tanzania|website=Parliament.go.tz|access-date=18 Machi 2019}}</r...' 1545820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Japhet Ngailonga Hasunga''' (amezaliwa Novemba 23, 1965, katika kijiji cha [[Iyula]], wilayani Mbozi, Tanzania) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania kupitia chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la [[Vwawa]] tangu mwaka 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/250|title=Parliament](http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/250|title=Parliament) of Tanzania|website=Parliament.go.tz|access-date=18 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Japhet Ngailonga Hasunga, kabla ya kushika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi, alikuwa akisisitiza uwajibikaji, jambo lililoonekana kupitia mahojiano yake na vyombo vya habari pamoja na hotuba zake zilizochapishwa. Pia alikuwa na msimamo mkubwa kuhusu mafunzo na utendaji wa kazi.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.princeton.edu/~states/civser/e/hasunga.mp3|format=MP3|title=Sound](http://www.princeton.edu/~states/civser/e/hasunga.mp3|format=MP3|title=Sound) file|website=Princeton.edu|access-date=18 Machi 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/japhet-hasunga|title=Japhet](https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/japhet-hasunga|title=Japhet) Hasunga - Innovations for Successful Societies|website=Successfulsocieties.princeton.edu|access-date=18 Machi 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/interviews/transcripts/3397/Japhet_Hasunga.pdf|format=PDF|title=Successful](https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/interviews/transcripts/3397/Japhet_Hasunga.pdf|format=PDF|title=Successful) Societies : Interviewee: Japhet N. Hasunga|website=Successfulsocieties.princeton.edu|access-date=18 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n5namhml4fsh896hv09vgyawrged44m 0 236419 1545824 2026-05-18T23:44:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mariam Reuben Kasembe''' (amezaliwa 26 Agosti 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Masasi]] tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|title=Member](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|title=Member) of Parliament CV|date=2010|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=24 October 2013|url-status=dead|a...' 1545824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariam Reuben Kasembe''' (amezaliwa 26 Agosti 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Masasi]] tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|title=Member](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|title=Member) of Parliament CV|date=2010|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=24 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203921/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|archive-date=29](https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203921/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1322/2010-2015|archive-date=29) October 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] ejd8y4edimhdwazjeji2hqjgcdrokhx 0 236420 1545826 2026-05-18T23:46:44Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dunstan Luka Kitandula''' ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Tanzania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha CCM ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Mkinga kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2025. Ameshika nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini, Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Fedha na Uchumi, na pia aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Maliasili na Utalii.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shekighenda |first1=Lydia |last2=Said |first2=Mariam |title=Capitalize on bee products...' 1545826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dunstan Luka Kitandula''' ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Tanzania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha CCM ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Mkinga kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2025. Ameshika nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini, Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Fedha na Uchumi, na pia aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Maliasili na Utalii.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shekighenda |first1=Lydia |last2=Said |first2=Mariam |title=Capitalize on bee products market in China, Tanzanians told - Daily News |url=[https://dailynews.co.tz/capitalize-on-bee-products-market-in-china-tanzanians-told/](https://dailynews.co.tz/capitalize-on-bee-products-market-in-china-tanzanians-told/) |date=5 Septemba 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 7lygnb9tj12bhhw2z7b1ua1r46s7a39 0 236421 1545827 2026-05-18T23:49:10Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Lekule Laizer''' (amezaliwa 24 Oktoba 1948) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Longido]] tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|title=Member](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|title=Member) of Parliament CV|year=2010|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=1 November 2013|url-status=dead|...' 1545827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Lekule Laizer''' (amezaliwa 24 Oktoba 1948) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Longido]] tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|title=Member](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|title=Member) of Parliament CV|year=2010|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=1 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192716/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|archive-date=29](https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192716/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1122/2010-2015|archive-date=29) October 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 27odu6wu9n6pjqn5q3ez08siy7st7l4 0 236423 1545828 2026-05-18T23:51:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Festus Bulugu Limbu''' (amezaliwa 19 Aprili 1956) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Magu Town tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015) |title=Wasifu wa Mbunge |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania |access-date=31 Oktoba 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[ht...' 1545828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Festus Bulugu Limbu''' (amezaliwa 19 Aprili 1956) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Magu Town tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015) |title=Wasifu wa Mbunge |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania |access-date=31 Oktoba 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131103025620/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015](https://web.archive.org/web/20131103025620/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1044/2010-2015) |archive-date=3 Novemba 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] enmvndh55lct0mmanfpmjdbtmu3si9t 0 236424 1545829 2026-05-18T23:53:59Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Livingstone Joseph Lusinde''' (amezaliwa 4 Machi 1972 huko [[Dodoma]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]] wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Mtera]] tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1694/2010-2015](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1694/2010-2015) |title=Member of Parliament CV |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=1 November 2013}}</r...' 1545829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Livingstone Joseph Lusinde''' (amezaliwa 4 Machi 1972 huko [[Dodoma]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]] wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Mtera]] tangu mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1694/2010-2015](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1694/2010-2015) |title=Member of Parliament CV |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|access-date=1 November 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] ed6n9loy9y7d75t9bierq9uku7a33mv 0 236425 1545830 2026-05-18T23:56:56Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ezekiel Magolyo Maige''' (amezaliwa 28 Machi 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]] wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na aliyewahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Msalala kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015|title=Wasifu](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015|title=Wasifu) wa Mbunge |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania |access-date=31 Ok...' 1545830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezekiel Magolyo Maige''' (amezaliwa 28 Machi 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]] wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na aliyewahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Msalala kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015|title=Wasifu](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015|title=Wasifu) wa Mbunge |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania |access-date=31 Oktoba 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 8b996uw2205r2tj1ah35asyclpzk4s2 0 236426 1545832 2026-05-18T23:59:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agnes Mathew Marwa''' (amezaliwa 24 Desemba 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/211|title=Parliament](http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/211|title=Parliament) of Tanzania|website=[www.parliament.go.tz|access-date=2018-11-21](http://www.parliament.go.tz|access-date=2018-11-21)}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge kupitia nafasi za Vit...' 1545832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes Mathew Marwa''' (amezaliwa 24 Desemba 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa Tanzania na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/211|title=Parliament](http://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/211|title=Parliament) of Tanzania|website=[www.parliament.go.tz|access-date=2018-11-21](http://www.parliament.go.tz|access-date=2018-11-21)}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge kupitia nafasi za Viti Maalum (Special Seats) mwaka 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://allafrica.com/stories/201601221428.html|title=Tanzania](https://allafrica.com/stories/201601221428.html|title=Tanzania): Livestock Ministry Eyes Reforms|work=AllAfrica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://allafrica.com/stories/201601221428.html|title=Tanzania](https://allafrica.com/stories/201601221428.html|title=Tanzania): Speaker Names Members of 18 Bunge Standing Committees|work=AllAfrica}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] qdjpav07lg574lym0vr14fkejy02tjn 0 236427 1545833 2026-05-19T00:01:48Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Merinyo''' (1878 – 19 Aprili 1973), pia alijulikana kama '''Joseph Merinyo Maro''' na '''Joseph Kimaro''', alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka Tanzania na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kilimo cha kahawa Afrika Mashariki. Alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wakuu wa chama cha Kilimanjaro Native Planters' Association.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Winter |first1=J. C. |title=[[Dictionary of African Biography]] |last2=Wimmelbücker |first2=Ludger |publ...' 1545833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Merinyo''' (1878 – 19 Aprili 1973), pia alijulikana kama '''Joseph Merinyo Maro''' na '''Joseph Kimaro''', alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka Tanzania na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kilimo cha kahawa Afrika Mashariki. Alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wakuu wa chama cha Kilimanjaro Native Planters' Association.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Winter |first1=J. C. |title=[[Dictionary of African Biography]] |last2=Wimmelbücker |first2=Ludger |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |chapter=Merinyo, Joseph |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 |editor-last=Gates |editor-first=Henry Louis |editor-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor-last2=Akyeampong |editor-first2=Emmanuel |editor-link2=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |editor-last3=Niven |editor-first3=Steven J. |chapter-url=[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1352?rskey=IKOeKd&result=1341}}](https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1352?rskey=IKOeKd&result=1341}})</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Emma |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316104620/type/book](https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316104620/type/book) |title=Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania: Freedom, Democracy and Citizenship in the Era of Decolonization |date=2015-04-27 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-10462-0 |edition=1st |pages=117–121 |chapter=Patriotic Citizenship and the Case of the Kilimanjaro Chagga Citizens Union |doi=10.1017/cbo9781316104620.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maanga |first=Godson S. |date=2014 |title=Joseph Merinyo: A Patriotic Chagga Nationalist and Adamant Champion for Justice and Human Rights |url=[https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/7-Joseph-Merinyo-A-Patriotic.pdf](https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/7-Joseph-Merinyo-A-Patriotic.pdf) |journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=49–69 |issn=2249-460X |eissn=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1878|1973}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 2pg8orjx71e0rx7yc3qzrpaqoj31qvn 1545945 1545833 2026-05-19T05:37:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1545945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Merinyo''' (1878 – 19 Aprili 1973), pia alijulikana kama '''Joseph Merinyo Maro''' na '''Joseph Kimaro''', alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka Tanzania na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kilimo cha kahawa Afrika Mashariki. Alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wakuu wa chama cha Kilimanjaro Native Planters' Association.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Winter |first1=J. C. |title=[[Dictionary of African Biography]] |last2=Wimmelbücker |first2=Ludger |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |chapter=Merinyo, Joseph |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 |editor-last=Gates |editor-first=Henry Louis |editor-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |editor-last2=Akyeampong |editor-first2=Emmanuel |editor-link2=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |editor-last3=Niven |editor-first3=Steven J. |chapter-url=[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1352?rskey=IKOeKd&result=1341}}](https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1352?rskey=IKOeKd&result=1341}})</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Hunter |first=Emma |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316104620/type/book](https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316104620/type/book) |title=Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania: Freedom, Democracy and Citizenship in the Era of Decolonization |date=2015-04-27 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-316-10462-0 |edition=1st |pages=117–121 |chapter=Patriotic Citizenship and the Case of the Kilimanjaro Chagga Citizens Union |doi=10.1017/cbo9781316104620.006}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Maanga |first=Godson S. |date=2014 |title=Joseph Merinyo: A Patriotic Chagga Nationalist and Adamant Champion for Justice and Human Rights |url=[https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/7-Joseph-Merinyo-A-Patriotic.pdf](https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/7-Joseph-Merinyo-A-Patriotic.pdf) |journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=49–69 |issn=2249-460X |eissn=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1878|1973}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] 0ipmpeamru2a9dga92ickvgmlf6egth 0 236428 1545835 2026-05-19T00:06:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Nicholaus Lyimo''' (amezaliwa 11 Aprili 1993), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii '''Bill Nass''', ni rapa wa [[Tanzania]] mwenye asili ya [[Chagga]]. Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Tanga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Bill Nass;.|url=[https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|access-date=2020-12-02|archive-date=24](https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|access-date=2020-12-...' 1545835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Nicholaus Lyimo''' (amezaliwa 11 Aprili 1993), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii '''Bill Nass''', ni rapa wa [[Tanzania]] mwenye asili ya [[Chagga]]. Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Tanga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Bill Nass;.|url=[https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|access-date=2020-12-02|archive-date=24](https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|access-date=2020-12-02|archive-date=24) June 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202206/https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202206/https://www.newafricanlegacy.com/p/who-is-bill-nass-rapper-from-tanzania.html|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coke Studio Africa – Artist – Bill Nass|url=[http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bill-nass/|access-date=2020-11-09|website=www.coca-cola.co.ug|language=en|archive-date=30](http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bill-nass/|access-date=2020-11-09|website=www.coca-cola.co.ug|language=en|archive-date=30) June 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200630230209/http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bill-nass/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20200630230209/http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bill-nass/|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-19|title=Bill Nass|url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/bill-nass|access-date=2020-11-11|website=Music](https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/bill-nass|access-date=2020-11-11|website=Music) In Africa|language=en}}</ref> MTV Base ilimtaja miongoni mwa “Wasanii 50 wa Kuangalia mwaka 2017”. Kwa sasa anaishi [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=acts to lookout for in 2017 {{!}} MTV Africa|url=[http://www.mtvbase.com/news/acts-to-lookout-for-in-2017/vnwv7i|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.mtvbase.com|archive-date=15](http://www.mtvbase.com/news/acts-to-lookout-for-in-2017/vnwv7i|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.mtvbase.com|archive-date=15) November 2017|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115195710/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/acts-to-lookout-for-in-2017/vnwv7i|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20171115195710/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/acts-to-lookout-for-in-2017/vnwv7i|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-14|title=MTV Base releases list of artists to watch in 2017|url=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mtv-base-releases-list-artists-watch-2017|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Music](https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mtv-base-releases-list-artists-watch-2017|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Music) In Africa|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kutoa wimbo wake wa kwanza “Raha”,<ref>{{Cite web|last=djmwanga|date=2014-12-21|title=New AUDIO | Bill Nas Ft Nazizi – Raha | Download|url=[https://djmwanga.com/2014/12/new-audio-bill-nas-ft-nazizi-raha.html|access-date=2020-11-09|website=DJ](https://djmwanga.com/2014/12/new-audio-bill-nas-ft-nazizi-raha.html|access-date=2020-11-09|website=DJ) Mwanga|language=en-US}}</ref> Lyimo aliteuliwa katika kipengele cha “Msanii Bora Chipukizi” kwenye Tuzo za Muziki za Kilimanjaro Tanzania (KTMA) mwaka 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-29|title=Majina ya wateule wa KTMA 2015 yatangazwa|url=[http://bongo5.com/majina-ya-wateule-wa-ktma-2015-yatangazwa-04-2015/|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Bongo5.com|language=en-US}}](http://bongo5.com/majina-ya-wateule-wa-ktma-2015-yatangazwa-04-2015/|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Bongo5.com|language=en-US}})</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominees wa Kilimanjaro Music Awards 2015 {{!}} East Africa Television|url=[https://www.eatv.tv/news/entertainment/nominees-wa-kilimanjaro-music-awards-2015|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.eatv.tv|language=en}}](https://www.eatv.tv/news/entertainment/nominees-wa-kilimanjaro-music-awards-2015|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.eatv.tv|language=en}})</ref> Alishinda Tuzo za Muziki za Tanzania mwaka 2022 kama “Msanii Bora wa Hip Hop wa Kiume”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-25 |title=How Tanzanian artist Billnass blends music, culture, youth empowerment through hip hop |url=[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/how-tanzanian-artist-billnass-blends-music-culture-youth-empowerment-through-hip-hop-5131080](https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/how-tanzanian-artist-billnass-blends-music-culture-youth-empowerment-through-hip-hop-5131080) |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] a1xcbutksavpkfh3yt3jzya8tpnvokh 0 236429 1545838 2026-05-19T00:14:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Trisha Baptie''' (amezaliwa 1973) ni mtaalamu wa uandishi wa habari wa kijamii (citizen journalist) na mwanaharakati wa [[Vancouver]] anayepigania kukomeshwa kwa ukahaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|author=James Stairs|title=Ex-prostitutes report on serial murder trial|date=February 2, 2007|url=[http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/ex-prostitutes-report-on-serial-murder-trial-1.313539|accessdate=October...' 1545838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trisha Baptie''' (amezaliwa 1973) ni mtaalamu wa uandishi wa habari wa kijamii (citizen journalist) na mwanaharakati wa [[Vancouver]] anayepigania kukomeshwa kwa ukahaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|author=James Stairs|title=Ex-prostitutes report on serial murder trial|date=February 2, 2007|url=[http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/ex-prostitutes-report-on-serial-murder-trial-1.313539|accessdate=October](http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/ex-prostitutes-report-on-serial-murder-trial-1.313539|accessdate=October) 13, 2012}}</ref> Pia amejulikana kwa mchango wake katika mijadala ya sera kuhusu uhalalishaji na athari za ukahaba katika jamii.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[National Post]]|author=Patricia Paddey|title=Legalizing prostitution a failure of compassion|date=October 6, 2010|url=[https://nationalpost.com/holy-post/legalizing-prostitution-a-failure-of-compassion|access-date=October](https://nationalpost.com/holy-post/legalizing-prostitution-a-failure-of-compassion|access-date=October) 13, 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] jbeaowijh8jrmuiig3b3lz66sn6cd8n 1545857 1545838 2026-05-19T00:59:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trisha Baptie''' (amezaliwa 1973) ni mtaalamu wa uandishi wa habari wa kijamii (citizen journalist) na mwanaharakati wa [[Vancouver]] anayepigania kukomeshwa kwa ukahaba.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|author=James Stairs|title=Ex-prostitutes report on serial murder trial|date=February 2, 2007|url=[http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/ex-prostitutes-report-on-serial-murder-trial-1.313539|accessdate=October](http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/ex-prostitutes-report-on-serial-murder-trial-1.313539|accessdate=October) 13, 2012}}</ref> Pia amejulikana kwa mchango wake katika mijadala ya sera kuhusu uhalalishaji na athari za ukahaba katika jamii.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[National Post]]|author=Patricia Paddey|title=Legalizing prostitution a failure of compassion|date=October 6, 2010|url=[https://nationalpost.com/holy-post/legalizing-prostitution-a-failure-of-compassion|access-date=October](https://nationalpost.com/holy-post/legalizing-prostitution-a-failure-of-compassion|access-date=October) 13, 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] sep4lb466s4r1z2rpnzgypjt9346jo0 0 236430 1545839 2026-05-19T00:16:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ellen Bergman''' (5 Januari 1842 – 5 Desemba 1921) alikuwa mwanamuziki kutoka [[Uswidi]], mwalimu wa sauti, na mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Royal Swedish Academy of Music.<ref>{{cite web |author=Heckcscher |first=Ebba |date=Novemba 1921 |title=Ellen Bergman |url=[http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf](http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf) |access-date=Desemba 1, 2018 |publish...' 1545839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen Bergman''' (5 Januari 1842 – 5 Desemba 1921) alikuwa mwanamuziki kutoka [[Uswidi]], mwalimu wa sauti, na mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Royal Swedish Academy of Music.<ref>{{cite web |author=Heckcscher |first=Ebba |date=Novemba 1921 |title=Ellen Bergman |url=[http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf](http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf) |access-date=Desemba 1, 2018 |publisher=[[Hertha (magazine)|Hertha]], Volume VIII |language=sv |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040052/http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040052/http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinndata/digtid/06/1921/hertha1921_9.pdf) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1842|1921}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] lg5dcu9gj8tz99y3z72m3dsl1rqexy2 0 236431 1545843 2026-05-19T00:21:51Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Anne Estlin''' (31 Julai 1820 – 14 Novemba 1902) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Uingereza]] aliyepinga utumwa (abolitionist) na mmoja wa viongozi wakuu wa kampeni za kupinga utumwa na biashara ya ukahaba nchini Uingereza. == Maisha == Mary Anne Estlin alikuwa binti wa John Bishop Estlin, daktari bingwa wa macho (ophthalmologist) mashuhuri mjini [[Bristol]], na mke wake Margaret (née Bagehot). Mama yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto mdogo, na alikulia...' 1545843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Anne Estlin''' (31 Julai 1820 – 14 Novemba 1902) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Uingereza]] aliyepinga utumwa (abolitionist) na mmoja wa viongozi wakuu wa kampeni za kupinga utumwa na biashara ya ukahaba nchini Uingereza. == Maisha == Mary Anne Estlin alikuwa binti wa John Bishop Estlin, daktari bingwa wa macho (ophthalmologist) mashuhuri mjini [[Bristol]], na mke wake Margaret (née Bagehot). Mama yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto mdogo, na alikulia akiwa ameathiriwa na imani ya dini ya baba yake pamoja na msimamo wake dhidi ya [[utumwa]]. Estlin aliishi nyumbani kwa familia yake maisha yake yote na hakuwahi kuolewa.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB | first=Clare | last=Midgley | url=[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-50721](http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-50721) | title=Estlin, Mary Anne (1820–1902) | year=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50721 | access-date=28 Aprili 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1820|1902}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] k0rau7m5cx5lka3k0ydtpfssgqujayh 0 236432 1545845 2026-05-19T00:26:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lauran Bethell''' ni mmishonari wa [[Amerika|Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Baptist<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Gospel of Father Joe: Revolutions and Revelations in the Slums of Bangkok|author=Greg Barrett|page=270|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0470328033}}</ref> na mtetezi wa haki za binadamu, ambaye anaishi [[Ulaya Mashariki]].<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Baptist Press]]|author=David Roach|date=June 20, 2008|title=CBF focuses on prayer,...' 1545845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauran Bethell''' ni mmishonari wa [[Amerika|Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Baptist<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Gospel of Father Joe: Revolutions and Revelations in the Slums of Bangkok|author=Greg Barrett|page=270|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0470328033}}</ref> na mtetezi wa haki za binadamu, ambaye anaishi [[Ulaya Mashariki]].<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Baptist Press]]|author=David Roach|date=June 20, 2008|title=CBF focuses on prayer, women's ordination|url=[http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February](http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Yeye ni miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa Kituo cha New Life kilichopo Chiang Mai, [[Thailand]], ambapo wanawake waliokuwa wahanga wa ukahaba au biashara haramu ya binadamu hupatiwa elimu yenye msingi wa Kikristo inayolenga kuwasaidia kuwa na ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika pamoja na uwezo wa kujitegemea kiuchumi.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Ekklesia (think tank)|Ekklesia]]|title=Baptists work internationally to assist women trapped by sex trade|date=February 3, 2008|url=[http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February](http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Anahudumu kama Mshauri wa Kimataifa (Global Consultant) katika American Baptist International Ministries.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Worldwide Faith News|author=Andy Jayne|title=Lauran Bethell Speaks About Sexual Exploitation At The New Baptist Covenant|date=February 1, 2008|url=[http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February](http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Kwa sasa anaishi [[Netherlands]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url = [http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title](http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title) = Sex Trade Lecture Planned at Church|date = 29 September 2012|work = The Register-Herald|access-date = 18 November 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] h9bkf0ozzh9ylnnlchwih05xzwgn0wu 1545966 1545845 2026-05-19T06:09:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1545966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauran Bethell''' ni mmishonari wa [[Amerika|Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Baptist<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Gospel of Father Joe: Revolutions and Revelations in the Slums of Bangkok|author=Greg Barrett|page=270|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0470328033}}</ref> na mtetezi wa haki za binadamu, ambaye anaishi [[Ulaya Mashariki]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[Baptist Press]]|author=David Roach|date=June 20, 2008|title=CBF focuses on prayer, women's ordination|url=[http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February](http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Yeye ni miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa Kituo cha New Life kilichopo Chiang Mai, [[Thailand]], ambapo wanawake waliokuwa wahanga wa ukahaba au biashara haramu ya binadamu hupatiwa elimu yenye msingi wa Kikristo inayolenga kuwasaidia kuwa na ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika pamoja na uwezo wa kujitegemea kiuchumi.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[Ekklesia (think tank)|Ekklesia]]|title=Baptists work internationally to assist women trapped by sex trade|date=February 3, 2008|url=[http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February](http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Anahudumu kama Mshauri wa Kimataifa (Global Consultant) katika American Baptist International Ministries.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=Worldwide Faith News|author=Andy Jayne|title=Lauran Bethell Speaks About Sexual Exploitation At The New Baptist Covenant|date=February 1, 2008|url=[http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February](http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Kwa sasa anaishi [[Netherlands]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|url = [http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title](http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title) = Sex Trade Lecture Planned at Church|date = 29 September 2012|work = The Register-Herald|access-date = 18 November 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] kuygw9r7684eh4pnfv9rex17jl807n2 0 236433 1545847 2026-05-19T00:31:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mariane Catherine van Hogendorp''' (8 Agosti 1834 – 17 Septemba 1909), alikuwa mwanachama wa familia ya Van Hogendorp na mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Uholanzi]]. Alianzisha shirika la ''Nederlandsche Vrouwenbond ter Verhooging van het Zedelijk Bewustzijn'' (Chama cha Wanawake cha Uholanzi cha Kuongeza Uelewa wa Maadili). == Maisha == Hogendorp alizaliwa 8 Agosti 1834 mjini [[The Hague]].<ref name="Biografisch Portaal">{{cite web |title=Hogend...' 1545847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariane Catherine van Hogendorp''' (8 Agosti 1834 – 17 Septemba 1909), alikuwa mwanachama wa familia ya Van Hogendorp na mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Uholanzi]]. Alianzisha shirika la ''Nederlandsche Vrouwenbond ter Verhooging van het Zedelijk Bewustzijn'' (Chama cha Wanawake cha Uholanzi cha Kuongeza Uelewa wa Maadili). == Maisha == Hogendorp alizaliwa 8 Agosti 1834 mjini [[The Hague]].<ref name="Biografisch Portaal">{{cite web |title=Hogendorp, Mariane Catherine van |url=[http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/18172880](http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/18172880) |website=Biografisch Portaal van Nederland |accessdate=4 Agosti 2019}}</ref> Aliolewa na Aarnout Klerck mwaka 1875, ndoa hiyo ikaisha mwaka 1876 baada ya kifo cha mume wake.<ref name="Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon"/> Hogendorp alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Nederlandsche Vrouwenbond ter Verhooging van het Zedelijk Bewustzijn (NPV), shirika lenye ushawishi mkubwa la wanawake lililopinga mfumo wa udhibiti wa serikali kuhusu ukahaba (prostitution), ambalo aliliongoza pamoja na dada yake Anna van Hogendorp kuanzia 1883 hadi 1909. Pia alishirikiana na mwanaharakati wa Uingereza Josephine Butler katika masuala yanayohusu ukahaba.<ref name="Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon">{{cite web |last1=Vries |first1=Petra de |title=Hogendorp, Mariane Catherine van (1834-1909) |url=[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Hogendorp_van](http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Hogendorp_van) |website=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland |accessdate=4 Agosti 2019 |language=Dutch |date=4 Oktoba 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1834|1909}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] 98z5lo54jo8e0969bpm4mqmd2y7kh0t 0 236434 1545849 2026-05-19T00:34:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Somaly Mam''' ( alizaliwa 1970/71) ni mwanaharakati wa [[Kamboja]] anayepinga biashara haramu ya binadamu, hasa ukatili wa utumwa wa kingono na usafirishaji wa watu kwa ajili ya unyanyasaji wa kingono.<ref name="Marie Claire">Pesta, Abigail [[http://www.marieclaire.com/culture/news/a6620/somalys-story/](http://www.marieclaire.com/culture/news/a6620/somalys-story/) "Somaly Mam's Story: 'I Didn't Lie.{{'"}}], ''Marie Claire'', September 16, 2014. Accessed...' 1545849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somaly Mam''' ( alizaliwa 1970/71) ni mwanaharakati wa [[Kamboja]] anayepinga biashara haramu ya binadamu, hasa ukatili wa utumwa wa kingono na usafirishaji wa watu kwa ajili ya unyanyasaji wa kingono.<ref name="Marie Claire">Pesta, Abigail [[http://www.marieclaire.com/culture/news/a6620/somalys-story/](http://www.marieclaire.com/culture/news/a6620/somalys-story/) "Somaly Mam's Story: 'I Didn't Lie.{{'"}}], ''Marie Claire'', September 16, 2014. Accessed September 16, 2017.</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2014, Mam alijihusisha kwa kiwango kikubwa katika kampeni za kupambana na usafirishaji wa watu kwa ajili ya ukahaba. Alianzisha Somaly Mam Foundation, alikusanya fedha, alijitokeza kwenye vipindi vikubwa vya televisheni, na alizungumza katika matukio mbalimbali ya kimataifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kamboja]] 1vtvcmlhd24afkknlpih3298v0ex5z1 0 236435 1545850 2026-05-19T00:36:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nahoko Takada''' ( 18 Januari 1905 – 19 Mei 1991) alikuwa mwalimu kutoka [[Japani]], kiongozi wa vyama vya wafanyakazi, mwanasiasa, mwanasoshalisti na mwanaharakati wa amani. == Wasifu == Takada alizaliwa 18 Januari 1905 katika mji wa Fukushima katika Milki ya Japani. Alikuwa binti wa tatu wa hakimu Akira Watanabe na mke wake Toyo.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} Takada alijiunga na Chama cha Kisoshalisti cha Japani kilipoanzishwa Novemba 1945....' 1545850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nahoko Takada''' ( 18 Januari 1905 – 19 Mei 1991) alikuwa mwalimu kutoka [[Japani]], kiongozi wa vyama vya wafanyakazi, mwanasiasa, mwanasoshalisti na mwanaharakati wa amani. == Wasifu == Takada alizaliwa 18 Januari 1905 katika mji wa Fukushima katika Milki ya Japani. Alikuwa binti wa tatu wa hakimu Akira Watanabe na mke wake Toyo.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} Takada alijiunga na Chama cha Kisoshalisti cha Japani kilipoanzishwa Novemba 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shimabuku |first=Annmaria M. |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wouUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nahoko+Takada&pg=PT19](https://books.google.com/books?id=wouUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nahoko+Takada&pg=PT19) |title=Alegal: Biopolitics and the Unintelligibility of Okinawan Life |date=2018-12-25 |publisher=Fordham University Press |isbn=978-0-8232-8267-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cole |first1=Allan Burnett |last2=Totten |first2=George Oakley |last3=Uyehara |first3=Cecil H. |title=Socialist Parties in Postwar Japan |date=1966 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-608-30698-8 |pages=288 |language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alipanda cheo na kuwa mkuu wa kitengo cha wanawake ndani ya chama hicho.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Culture and Life |date=1971 |publisher=U.S.S.R. Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS) |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kenkyūkai |first=Nihon Shakai Undō |title=Whos who in Contemporary Japanese Socialists, Scholars and Writers |date=1970 |publisher=Japanese Politics Economy Research Institute |pages=617 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1905|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] ethzlcf5yv96wikxpikxaa7m74r8zwa 1545989 1545850 2026-05-19T07:07:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1545989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nahoko Takada''' ( 18 Januari 1905 – 19 Mei 1991) alikuwa mwalimu kutoka [[Japani]], kiongozi wa vyama vya wafanyakazi, mwanasiasa, mwanasoshalisti na mwanaharakati wa amani. == Wasifu == Takada alizaliwa 18 Januari 1905 katika mji wa Fukushima katika Milki ya Japani. Alikuwa binti wa tatu wa hakimu Akira Watanabe na mke wake Toyo.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} Takada alijiunga na Chama cha Kisoshalisti cha Japani kilipoanzishwa Novemba 1945.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Shimabuku |first=Annmaria M. |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wouUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nahoko+Takada&pg=PT19](https://books.google.com/books?id=wouUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Nahoko+Takada&pg=PT19) |title=Alegal: Biopolitics and the Unintelligibility of Okinawan Life |date=2018-12-25 |publisher=Fordham University Press |isbn=978-0-8232-8267-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Cole |first1=Allan Burnett |last2=Totten |first2=George Oakley |last3=Uyehara |first3=Cecil H. |title=Socialist Parties in Postwar Japan |date=1966 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-608-30698-8 |pages=288 |language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alipanda cheo na kuwa mkuu wa kitengo cha wanawake ndani ya chama hicho.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |title=Culture and Life |date=1971 |publisher=U.S.S.R. Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS) |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Kenkyūkai |first=Nihon Shakai Undō |title=Whos who in Contemporary Japanese Socialists, Scholars and Writers |date=1970 |publisher=Japanese Politics Economy Research Institute |pages=617 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1905|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] br1k8hmv0txtyxu3ob7j9m96hcftldl 0 236436 1545853 2026-05-19T00:45:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gabrielle Petit''' ( 26 Novemba 1860 – 1952) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mpinga ushawishi wa dini katika siasa (anticlerical), msoshalisti wa kimapinduzi wa libertarian (libertarian socialism), na mhariri wa gazeti. Hakuwa mwanachama wa chama chochote cha kisiasa, lakini alishirikiana na wanaharakati wa vyama vya wafanyakazi na harakati za fikra huru (Freethought). Alianzisha gazeti La Femme affranchie (''Mwanamke Aliyeac...' 1545853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabrielle Petit''' ( 26 Novemba 1860 – 1952) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mpinga ushawishi wa dini katika siasa (anticlerical), msoshalisti wa kimapinduzi wa libertarian (libertarian socialism), na mhariri wa gazeti. Hakuwa mwanachama wa chama chochote cha kisiasa, lakini alishirikiana na wanaharakati wa vyama vya wafanyakazi na harakati za fikra huru (Freethought). Alianzisha gazeti La Femme affranchie (''Mwanamke Aliyeachiwa Huru'') ambapo alikosoa na kupinga biashara ya ukahaba.<ref name="Jablonka2022">{{cite book | first = Ivan |last=Jablonka | date = 3 Februari 2022 | title = A History of Masculinity: From Patriarchy to Gender Justice | publisher = Penguin UK | isbn = 978-0-14-199371-3 | oclc = 1308424789 | url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}}](https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}})</ref> Katika mikutano ya hadhara, alizungumza kuhusu ukombozi wa wanawake, uzazi wa mpango, madhara ya kijeshi (militarism), na uungaji mkono wa migomo ya wafanyakazi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1860|1952}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 9iegauy6ar9f3nkvbe80f3g84c8t6yd 1546121 1545853 2026-05-19T09:52:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gabrielle Petit (mwanaharakati wa wanawake)]] hadi [[Gabrielle Petit (mwanaharakati)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1545853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabrielle Petit''' ( 26 Novemba 1860 – 1952) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mpinga ushawishi wa dini katika siasa (anticlerical), msoshalisti wa kimapinduzi wa libertarian (libertarian socialism), na mhariri wa gazeti. Hakuwa mwanachama wa chama chochote cha kisiasa, lakini alishirikiana na wanaharakati wa vyama vya wafanyakazi na harakati za fikra huru (Freethought). Alianzisha gazeti La Femme affranchie (''Mwanamke Aliyeachiwa Huru'') ambapo alikosoa na kupinga biashara ya ukahaba.<ref name="Jablonka2022">{{cite book | first = Ivan |last=Jablonka | date = 3 Februari 2022 | title = A History of Masculinity: From Patriarchy to Gender Justice | publisher = Penguin UK | isbn = 978-0-14-199371-3 | oclc = 1308424789 | url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}}](https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}})</ref> Katika mikutano ya hadhara, alizungumza kuhusu ukombozi wa wanawake, uzazi wa mpango, madhara ya kijeshi (militarism), na uungaji mkono wa migomo ya wafanyakazi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1860|1952}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 9iegauy6ar9f3nkvbe80f3g84c8t6yd 1546123 1546121 2026-05-19T09:54:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabrielle Petit''' (26 Novemba 1860 – 1952) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa ufeministi, mpinga ushawishi wa dini katika siasa, msoshalisti wa kilibertari, na mhariri wa gazeti kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Hakuwa mwanachama wa chama chochote cha kisiasa, lakini alishirikiana na wanaharakati wa vyama vya wafanyakazi na harakati za fikra huru. Alianzisha gazeti La Femme Affranchie (''Mwanamke Aliyeachiwa Huru'') ambapo alikosoa na kupinga biashara ya ukahaba.<ref name="Jablonka2022">{{cite book | first = Ivan |last=Jablonka | date = 3 Februari 2022 | title = A History of Masculinity: From Patriarchy to Gender Justice | publisher = Penguin UK | isbn = 978-0-14-199371-3 | oclc = 1308424789 | url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}}](https://books.google.com/books?id=CscZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT88}})</ref> Katika mikutano ya hadhara, alizungumza kuhusu ukombozi wa wanawake, uzazi wa mpango, madhara ya jeshi, na uungaji mkono wa migomo ya wafanyakazi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1860|1952}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Ufaransa]] 265jtr39lg8btcdjc6mftonn46rosyk 0 236437 1545854 2026-05-19T00:48:15Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Benjamin Nolot''' ni mtayarishaji wa filamu wa Marekani na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji pamoja na mwanzilishi wa shirika la Exodus Cry,<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2019|title=Seattle's Bikini Baristas Reveals Normalized Sexual Harassment in Bikini Coffee Shops| url=[https://www.chinookobserver.com/news/state/seattles-bikini-baristas-reveals-normalized-sexual-harassment-in-bikini-coffee-shops/article_8ff649fe-b0fd-5615-a132-375b17cebbaa.html|work=Chinook](ht...' 1545854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Nolot''' ni mtayarishaji wa filamu wa Marekani na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji pamoja na mwanzilishi wa shirika la Exodus Cry,<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2019|title=Seattle's Bikini Baristas Reveals Normalized Sexual Harassment in Bikini Coffee Shops| url=[https://www.chinookobserver.com/news/state/seattles-bikini-baristas-reveals-normalized-sexual-harassment-in-bikini-coffee-shops/article_8ff649fe-b0fd-5615-a132-375b17cebbaa.html|work=Chinook](https://www.chinookobserver.com/news/state/seattles-bikini-baristas-reveals-normalized-sexual-harassment-in-bikini-coffee-shops/article_8ff649fe-b0fd-5615-a132-375b17cebbaa.html|work=Chinook) Overserver|location= Chinook, WA|access-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref> ambalo ni kundi la kijamii la Kikristo linalojikita katika kupinga usafirishaji haramu wa binadamu.<ref name=Courier>{{Cite journal|journal=Southern Courier|title=Raising awareness of Sydney sex trafficking|date=July 25, 2011|author=Leesa Smith|url=[http://southern-courier.whereilive.com.au/news/story/sex-worker-slaves-in-sydney/|accessdate=January](http://southern-courier.whereilive.com.au/news/story/sex-worker-slaves-in-sydney/|accessdate=January) 9, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pitts|first=Elizabeth|date=December 6, 2019|title=Founder of anti-human trafficking organization to speak about prevention on Hawaii Island|url=[https://www.westhawaiitoday.com/2019/12/06/hawaii-news/founder-of-anti-human-trafficking-organization-to-speak-about-prevention-on-hawaii-island/|work=West](https://www.westhawaiitoday.com/2019/12/06/hawaii-news/founder-of-anti-human-trafficking-organization-to-speak-about-prevention-on-hawaii-island/|work=West) Hawaii News Today|location=West Hawaii|access-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 86uqgwkfwzz0q8yqql4hr2phjjwbbot 0 236438 1545855 2026-05-19T00:52:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emma Rush''' ni mhadhiri wa falsafa na maadili katika Charles Sturt University Faculty of Arts, Shule ya Masomo ya Binadamu na Sayansi ya Jamii. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake zinazohusu mada ya kuanika watoto kimapenzi au kingono katika jamii (sexualisation of children).<ref name=Charles_Sturt>{{cite web|title=Dr Emma Rush|url=[http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/humss/staff/profiles/philosophy/emma-rush|publisher=Charles](http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/...' 1545855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Rush''' ni mhadhiri wa falsafa na maadili katika Charles Sturt University Faculty of Arts, Shule ya Masomo ya Binadamu na Sayansi ya Jamii. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake zinazohusu mada ya kuanika watoto kimapenzi au kingono katika jamii (sexualisation of children).<ref name=Charles_Sturt>{{cite web|title=Dr Emma Rush|url=[http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/humss/staff/profiles/philosophy/emma-rush|publisher=Charles](http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/humss/staff/profiles/philosophy/emma-rush|publisher=Charles) Sturt University, School of Humanities and Social Sciences|access-date=20 Agosti 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-msomi}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] 3c6qvqb3j33sxuezukplhe5mvidfoin 0 236439 1545856 2026-05-19T00:56:34Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lebbeus Redman Wilfley''' (30 Machi 1866 – 26 Mei 1926) alikuwa mwanasheria wa [[Marekani]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Ufilipino na pia jaji wa Mahakama ya Marekani nchini China. Anajulikana pia kwa uchunguzi wake kuhusu mauaji ya Torreón. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Wilfley alizaliwa mjini Mexico, katika Audrain County, Missouri, akiwa mtoto wa James Franklin Wilfley.<ref>1920 passport application made by Wilfley</ref> Alipata sha...' 1545856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lebbeus Redman Wilfley''' (30 Machi 1866 – 26 Mei 1926) alikuwa mwanasheria wa [[Marekani]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Ufilipino na pia jaji wa Mahakama ya Marekani nchini China. Anajulikana pia kwa uchunguzi wake kuhusu mauaji ya Torreón. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Wilfley alizaliwa mjini Mexico, katika Audrain County, Missouri, akiwa mtoto wa James Franklin Wilfley.<ref>1920 passport application made by Wilfley</ref> Alipata shahada ya Sanaa kutoka Central Methodist University mjini Fayette, Missouri mwaka 1889, na baadaye shahada ya sheria (LL.B.) kutoka Yale Law School mwaka 1892. Baada ya hapo alifanya kazi katika sekta ya sheria ya kibinafsi huko St. Louis, Missouri, ambako mwaka 1899 alijiunga na kaka yake, Seneta wa baadaye wa Marekani Xenophon P. Wilfley.<ref>John W. Leonard, ''The Book of St. Louisans'' (1906), p. 611.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1866|1926}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ckblx8dxk0jvv4xpa1rf338arpo86u9 0 236440 1545858 2026-05-19T01:04:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Mathilda Augusta Åbergsson''' (6 Januari 1871 – 18 Aprili 1937) alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi muhimu katika harakati za bustani za ugawaji ardhi (allotment garden]]) nchini [[Sweden]].<ref name=":0">Anon. (1914). "Åbergsson, Anna". In: Hedberg, Walborg; Arosenius, Louise (eds.): ''Svenska kvinnor från skilda verksamhetsområden. Biografisk uppslagsbok''. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers förlag. p. 113.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}...' 1545858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Mathilda Augusta Åbergsson''' (6 Januari 1871 – 18 Aprili 1937) alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi muhimu katika harakati za bustani za ugawaji ardhi (allotment garden]]) nchini [[Sweden]].<ref name=":0">Anon. (1914). "Åbergsson, Anna". In: Hedberg, Walborg; Arosenius, Louise (eds.): ''Svenska kvinnor från skilda verksamhetsområden. Biografisk uppslagsbok''. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers förlag. p. 113.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1871|1937}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uswidi]] i5970uc53igvi0y13eqbmssxc3kcfvd 0 236441 1545859 2026-05-19T01:07:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amelia Adamo''' (amezaliwa 24 Februari 1947) ni mwandishi wa habari kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alianzisha magazeti kadhaa ya wanawake na alifanya kazi kama mhariri mkuu (editor-in-chief).<ref>[[http://www.holmbergstalare.se/forelasare/amelia-adamo](http://www.holmbergstalare.se/forelasare/amelia-adamo) Föreläsare Amelia Adamo M-Magasin]. Holmbergstalare, 22 Machi 2012.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanahabari}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]]' 1545859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amelia Adamo''' (amezaliwa 24 Februari 1947) ni mwandishi wa habari kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alianzisha magazeti kadhaa ya wanawake na alifanya kazi kama mhariri mkuu (editor-in-chief).<ref>[[http://www.holmbergstalare.se/forelasare/amelia-adamo](http://www.holmbergstalare.se/forelasare/amelia-adamo) Föreläsare Amelia Adamo M-Magasin]. Holmbergstalare, 22 Machi 2012.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanahabari}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] air1kpv6gfz2mlzjprwdzz73aulrcdv 0 236442 1545860 2026-05-19T01:10:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Catharina Ahlgren''' (1734 – c. 1800) alikuwa mshairi, mchapishaji na mwanahabari wa mwanzo wa kike kutoka [[Sweden]], na mara nyingi hutajwa kama miongoni mwa wanaharakati wa awali wa fikra za ufeministi wa awali. Pia anahesabiwa kama mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wanaotambulika kufanya kazi ya uandishi wa habari nchini Sweden. Alikuwa mchapishaji na mhariri mkuu wa magazeti na majarida kadhaa ya wanawake huko [[Stockholm]] na [[Finland]] kati ya 1772...' 1545860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catharina Ahlgren''' (1734 – c. 1800) alikuwa mshairi, mchapishaji na mwanahabari wa mwanzo wa kike kutoka [[Sweden]], na mara nyingi hutajwa kama miongoni mwa wanaharakati wa awali wa fikra za ufeministi wa awali. Pia anahesabiwa kama mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wanaotambulika kufanya kazi ya uandishi wa habari nchini Sweden. Alikuwa mchapishaji na mhariri mkuu wa magazeti na majarida kadhaa ya wanawake huko [[Stockholm]] na [[Finland]] kati ya 1772 na 1783. Mwaka 1782 alichapisha jarida la kwanza nchini Finland (na pia la kwanza kuendeshwa na mwanamke) liitwalo *Om konsten att rätt behaga*.<ref name=Zilliacus-Tikkanen>Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900</ref> Pia anajulikana kwa mawasiliano yake ya barua na[Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht.<ref name=Forsstrand>Carl Forsstrand {{in lang|sv}}: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)</ref> Ahlgren alikuwa miongoni mwa watu muhimu katika “ulimwengu wa fasihi wa wanawake” wa Sweden katika miaka ya 1750 hadi 1770.<ref name=Forsstrand/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1734|1800}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uswidi]] n97j5w0wb4abaa6ihq2s4516ns01kc7 0 236443 1545861 2026-05-19T01:15:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sven Gustav Aspling''' (28 Agosti 1912 – 6 Februari 2000) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa chama cha kijamii-demokrasia kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Social Democratic na waziri wa afya na masuala ya kijamii. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa muda mrefu wa Bunge la Sweden kwa chama hicho. == Wasifu == [[File:Andersson, Nilsson, Aspling & Erlander 1960.jpg|thumb|Kushoto kwenda kulia: [[Sven Andersson (politician)|Sven Andersson]], Torsten...' 1545861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sven Gustav Aspling''' (28 Agosti 1912 – 6 Februari 2000) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa chama cha kijamii-demokrasia kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Social Democratic na waziri wa afya na masuala ya kijamii. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa muda mrefu wa Bunge la Sweden kwa chama hicho. == Wasifu == [[File:Andersson, Nilsson, Aspling & Erlander 1960.jpg|thumb|Kushoto kwenda kulia: [[Sven Andersson (politician)|Sven Andersson]], [[Torsten Nilsson]], [[Tage Erlander]] na Sven Aspling mwaka 1960]] Aspling alizaliwa Filipstad, Värmland mwaka 1912, akiwa mtoto wa dereva wa treni Gustaf Persson na mke wake Alida Aspling.<ref name=afton>{{cite news|title=Förre socialministern Sven Aspling död |location=Karlstadt|url=[https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/0002/09/aspling.html|access-date=9](https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/0002/09/aspling.html|access-date=9) Oktoba 2021|work=[[Aftonbladet]]|date=9 Februari 2000|language=sv}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa kiwanda cha mbao (sawmill worker).<ref name=afton/> Kati ya 1937 na 1942, alikuwa mhariri wa eneo wa gazeti ''Värmlands Folkblad'' mjini Filipstad.<ref name=afton/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1912|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] rw78gm81bjhp3ubb0b4e8lhn22iot9x 0 236444 1545864 2026-05-19T01:21:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Olof von Dalin''' (29 Agosti 1708 – 12 Agosti 1763) alikuwa mwanamfalme mdogo (nobleman), mshairi, mwanahistoria na mtumishi wa ikulu (courtier) kutoka [[Sweden]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya fasihi ya Enlightenment ya Uswidi.<ref>[[https://runeberg.org/sbh/dalinolo.html](https://runeberg.org/sbh/dalinolo.html) ''Dalin, Olof von'' (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon)]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1708|17...' 1545864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olof von Dalin''' (29 Agosti 1708 – 12 Agosti 1763) alikuwa mwanamfalme mdogo (nobleman), mshairi, mwanahistoria na mtumishi wa ikulu (courtier) kutoka [[Sweden]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya fasihi ya Enlightenment ya Uswidi.<ref>[[https://runeberg.org/sbh/dalinolo.html](https://runeberg.org/sbh/dalinolo.html) ''Dalin, Olof von'' (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon)]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1708|1763}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] ok7dwoez3ta865jqst3zk4r3uq26fuh 0 236445 1545866 2026-05-19T01:24:45Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lars Hillersberg''' (1937–2004) alikuwa msanii wa kisiasa kutoka [[Uswidi]], mchoraji, mchoraji katuni (cartoonist), mchora vikaragosi (caricaturist) na msanii wa katuni za picha (comics artist) ambaye mara nyingi alizua utata kutokana na kazi zake za kisiasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars](https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars) Hillersberg}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Ref...' 1545866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lars Hillersberg''' (1937–2004) alikuwa msanii wa kisiasa kutoka [[Uswidi]], mchoraji, mchoraji katuni (cartoonist), mchora vikaragosi (caricaturist) na msanii wa katuni za picha (comics artist) ambaye mara nyingi alizua utata kutokana na kazi zake za kisiasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars](https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars) Hillersberg}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-msanii}} {{BD|1937|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] 6cs36z1cc7lr19rv94ao1rajh7qtt13 1545965 1545866 2026-05-19T06:09:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lars Hillersberg''' (1937–2004) alikuwa msanii wa kisiasa kutoka [[Uswidi]], mchoraji, mchoraji katuni (cartoonist), mchora vikaragosi (caricaturist) na msanii wa katuni za picha (comics artist) ambaye mara nyingi alizua utata kutokana na kazi zake za kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars](https://www.lambiek.net/artists/h/hillersberg_lars.htm|title=Lars) Hillersberg}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-msanii}} {{BD|1937|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] 4x6uc7fp2gjkncpuyu9nfezbfh2ll0s 0 236446 1545867 2026-05-19T01:31:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stig Håkan Larsson''' (amezaliwa 20 Julai 1955) ni mwandishi wa [[Kiswidi]] wa riwaya, tamthilia, mashairi, insha za kisiasa na hadithi fupi. Pia ni mwandishi wa filamu, mkurugenzi na mwigizaji. == Wasifu == Larsson alizaliwa tarehe 20 Julai 1955 katika [[Skellefteå]], Västerbotten County. Alikulia katika mji wa [[Umeå]] na kwa sasa anaishi [[Stockholm]]. Mwisho wa miaka ya 1970, rafiki yake na mwandishi mwenye jina linalofanana, Stieg Larsson (al...' 1545867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stig Håkan Larsson''' (amezaliwa 20 Julai 1955) ni mwandishi wa [[Kiswidi]] wa riwaya, tamthilia, mashairi, insha za kisiasa na hadithi fupi. Pia ni mwandishi wa filamu, mkurugenzi na mwigizaji. == Wasifu == Larsson alizaliwa tarehe 20 Julai 1955 katika [[Skellefteå]], Västerbotten County. Alikulia katika mji wa [[Umeå]] na kwa sasa anaishi [[Stockholm]]. Mwisho wa miaka ya 1970, rafiki yake na mwandishi mwenye jina linalofanana, Stieg Larsson (aliyezaliwa Stig), mwandishi maarufu wa mfululizo wa vitabu wa Millennium series, alibadilisha tahajia ya jina lake kidogo ili kuepuka kuchanganyikiwa na Stig Larsson, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa tayari mwandishi maarufu.<ref name=Norran>{{cite web|last=Petersson|first=Jenny|title=Berättelsen om Stieg Larsson|trans-title=The story about Stieg Larsson|language=sv|url=[http://norran.se/noje/article35797.ece|publisher=norran.se|access-date=15](http://norran.se/noje/article35797.ece|publisher=norran.se|access-date=15) June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://archive.today/20111006153308/http://norran.se/2007/06/berattelsenomstieglarsson/|archive-date=6](https://archive.today/20111006153308/http://norran.se/2007/06/berattelsenomstieglarsson/|archive-date=6) October 2011}}</ref><ref name=Folkbladet>{{cite web|last=Forsman|first=Hans|title=Stig Larsson: Han ändrade själv stavningen|language=sv|trans-title=Stieg Larsson: He changed the spelling himself|url=[http://www.folkbladet.nu/137240/2009/02/27/stig-larsson-han-andrade-sjalv-stavningen|publisher=folkbladet.nu|access-date=15](http://www.folkbladet.nu/137240/2009/02/27/stig-larsson-han-andrade-sjalv-stavningen|publisher=folkbladet.nu|access-date=15) June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720185220/http://www.folkbladet.nu/137240/2009/02/27/stig-larsson-han-andrade-sjalv-stavningen|archive-date=20](https://web.archive.org/web/20110720185220/http://www.folkbladet.nu/137240/2009/02/27/stig-larsson-han-andrade-sjalv-stavningen|archive-date=20) July 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] 24oxrir1oswrd1ybwbotb4dftf7fqrd 0 236447 1545868 2026-05-19T01:35:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Morris Jacob Raphall''' (3 Oktoba 1798 – 23 Juni 1868) alikuwa [[rabi]] na mwandishi kutoka Sweden aliyezaliwa mjini [[Stockholm]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1849 hadi kifo chake, aliishi nchini Marekani. Anakumbukwa zaidi kwa kauli yake kabla ya Vita vya Ndani ya Marekani, akidai kwamba Biblia na Mungu vinaunga mkono utumwa (slavery). == Wasifu == Akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa, Raphall alichukuliwa na baba yake, ambaye alikuwa benki wa mfalme wa [[Sweden]], na ku...' 1545868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morris Jacob Raphall''' (3 Oktoba 1798 – 23 Juni 1868) alikuwa [[rabi]] na mwandishi kutoka Sweden aliyezaliwa mjini [[Stockholm]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1849 hadi kifo chake, aliishi nchini Marekani. Anakumbukwa zaidi kwa kauli yake kabla ya Vita vya Ndani ya Marekani, akidai kwamba Biblia na Mungu vinaunga mkono utumwa (slavery). == Wasifu == Akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa, Raphall alichukuliwa na baba yake, ambaye alikuwa benki wa mfalme wa [[Sweden]], na kupelekwa [[Copenhagen]], ambako alisomea katika shule ya sarufi ya Kiebrania. "Alifundishwa kwa ajili ya huduma ya Kiyahudi katika chuo cha dini yake huko Copenhagen, Uingereza alikokwenda mwaka 1812, na baadaye katika University of Giessen, ambako alisoma kati ya 1821–1824."<ref name=Appletons>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle= Raphall, Morris Jacob |volume = V |page = 183 |short= 1}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanachuoni}} {{BD|1798|1868}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] kpslt42ivvcxsnz01hbu3hzbtmosu3u 0 236448 1545869 2026-05-19T01:40:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert “Bob” Zarinsky''' (2 Septemba 1940 – 28 Novemba 2008) alikuwa mhalifu wa [[Marekani]] aliyepatikana na hatia ya mauaji ya msichana kijana mmoja, na alijulikana pia kama mshukiwa katika mauaji ya mfululizo ya wasichana wengine wawili wa kijana katika Monmouth County, New Jersey kati ya mwaka 1965 na 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Star-Ledger |first=Laura Craven/The |date=2008-11-30 |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |u...' 1545869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert “Bob” Zarinsky''' (2 Septemba 1940 – 28 Novemba 2008) alikuwa mhalifu wa [[Marekani]] aliyepatikana na hatia ya mauaji ya msichana kijana mmoja, na alijulikana pia kama mshukiwa katika mauaji ya mfululizo ya wasichana wengine wawili wa kijana katika Monmouth County, New Jersey kati ya mwaka 1965 na 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Star-Ledger |first=Laura Craven/The |date=2008-11-30 |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |url=[https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref> Alihukumiwa kwa moja ya mauaji hayo na akahukumiwa kifungo cha maisha gerezani. Pia alishukiwa kuhusika na mauaji mengine manne, ikiwa ni pamoja na mauaji ya mwaka 1958 ya afisa wa polisi huko [[Rahway, New Jersey|Rahway]], lakini baadaye aliachiwa huru (akapatikana hana hatia) kuhusu kesi hiyo.<ref name="Courier">{{cite news|url=[http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |title=Suspected Linden serial killer Zarinsky dead in prison at 68 |first=Christine |last=Sparta |date=November 29, 2008 |newspaper=[[Courier News (New Jersey)|Courier News]] |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |archivedate=July 19, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite news |url=[http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |first=Laura |last=Craven |newspaper=[[The Star-Ledger]] |date=November 30, 2008 |accessdate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 7w1s1jhpkqlzqigazjtp2l9l6qm1vsb 1546004 1545869 2026-05-19T07:33:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert “Bob” Zarinsky''' (2 Septemba 1940 – 28 Novemba 2008) alikuwa mhalifu wa [[Marekani]] aliyepatikana na hatia ya mauaji ya msichana kijana mmoja, na alijulikana pia kama mshukiwa katika mauaji ya mfululizo ya wasichana wengine wawili wa kijana katika Monmouth County, New Jersey kati ya mwaka 1965 na 1969.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Star-Ledger |first=Laura Craven/The |date=2008-11-30 |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |url=[https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref> Alihukumiwa kwa moja ya mauaji hayo na akahukumiwa kifungo cha maisha gerezani. Pia alishukiwa kuhusika na mauaji mengine manne, ikiwa ni pamoja na mauaji ya mwaka 1958 ya afisa wa polisi huko [[Rahway, New Jersey|Rahway]], lakini baadaye aliachiwa huru (akapatikana hana hatia) kuhusu kesi hiyo.<ref name="Courier">{{cite news|url=[http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |title=Suspected Linden serial killer Zarinsky dead in prison at 68 |first=Christine |last=Sparta |date=November 29, 2008 |newspaper=[[Courier News (New Jersey)|Courier News]] |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |archivedate=July 19, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite news |url=[http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |first=Laura |last=Craven |newspaper=[[The Star-Ledger]] |date=November 30, 2008 |accessdate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ezf73j6ys188wxecv5xfhues5jrup0d 1546125 1546004 2026-05-19T09:57:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert “Bob” Zarinsky''' (2 Septemba 1940 – 28 Novemba 2008) alikuwa mhalifu wa [[Marekani]] aliyepatikana na hatia ya kuua msichana mmoja, na alishukiwa katika mauaji ya mfululizo ya wasichana wengine wawili katika Monmouth County, New Jersey kati ya mwaka 1965 na 1969.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Star-Ledger |first=Laura Craven/The |date=2008-11-30 |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |url=[https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref> Alihukumiwa kwa moja ya mauaji hayo akahukumiwa kifungo cha maisha gerezani. Pia alishukiwa kuhusika na mauaji mengine manne, ikiwa ni pamoja na mauaji ya mwaka 1958 ya afisa wa polisi huko [[Rahway, New Jersey|Rahway]], lakini baadaye alipatikana hana hatia kuhusu kesi hiyo.<ref name="Courier">{{cite news|url=[http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |title=Suspected Linden serial killer Zarinsky dead in prison at 68 |first=Christine |last=Sparta |date=November 29, 2008 |newspaper=[[Courier News (New Jersey)|Courier News]] |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |archivedate=July 19, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite news |url=[http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |first=Laura |last=Craven |newspaper=[[The Star-Ledger]] |date=November 30, 2008 |accessdate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wahalifu]] fhwxecwqra5q5qk98bdzd12pkwo2oos 1546126 1546125 2026-05-19T09:58:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rosemary Calandriello]] hadi [[Robert Zarinsky]] 1546125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert “Bob” Zarinsky''' (2 Septemba 1940 – 28 Novemba 2008) alikuwa mhalifu wa [[Marekani]] aliyepatikana na hatia ya kuua msichana mmoja, na alishukiwa katika mauaji ya mfululizo ya wasichana wengine wawili katika Monmouth County, New Jersey kati ya mwaka 1965 na 1969.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Star-Ledger |first=Laura Craven/The |date=2008-11-30 |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |url=[https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](https://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref> Alihukumiwa kwa moja ya mauaji hayo akahukumiwa kifungo cha maisha gerezani. Pia alishukiwa kuhusika na mauaji mengine manne, ikiwa ni pamoja na mauaji ya mwaka 1958 ya afisa wa polisi huko [[Rahway, New Jersey|Rahway]], lakini baadaye alipatikana hana hatia kuhusu kesi hiyo.<ref name="Courier">{{cite news|url=[http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |title=Suspected Linden serial killer Zarinsky dead in prison at 68 |first=Christine |last=Sparta |date=November 29, 2008 |newspaper=[[Courier News (New Jersey)|Courier News]] |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064355/http://www.mycentraljersey.com/article/20081129/NEWS04/81129016) |archivedate=July 19, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite news |url=[http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html](http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/tony_kurdzukthe_starledgerhand.html) |title=Suspected serial killer Robert Zarinsky dies in prison |first=Laura |last=Craven |newspaper=[[The Star-Ledger]] |date=November 30, 2008 |accessdate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wahalifu]] fhwxecwqra5q5qk98bdzd12pkwo2oos 0 236449 1545870 2026-05-19T01:45:24Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter''' (12 Oktoba 1942 – 17 Januari 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati kutoka [[Marekani]]. Carter anahusishwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa tawi la Black Panther Party la Kusini mwa California. Carter alipigwa risasi na kuuawa na kundi pinzani, “Us” la Ron Karenga, na wafuasi wake anaheshimiwa kama shahidi katika harakati za Black Power nchini Marekani. Carter anaigizwa na Gaius Charles katika kipindi cha televisheni cha mwaka 2...' 1545870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter''' (12 Oktoba 1942 – 17 Januari 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati kutoka [[Marekani]]. Carter anahusishwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa tawi la Black Panther Party la Kusini mwa California. Carter alipigwa risasi na kuuawa na kundi pinzani, “Us” la Ron Karenga, na wafuasi wake anaheshimiwa kama shahidi katika harakati za Black Power nchini Marekani. Carter anaigizwa na Gaius Charles katika kipindi cha televisheni cha mwaka 2015 ''Aquarius''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://tvline.com/2014/07/14/gaius-charles-aquarius-season-1-nbc-cast-bunchy/|title=Grey's](http://tvline.com/2014/07/14/gaius-charles-aquarius-season-1-nbc-cast-bunchy/|title=Grey's) Anatomy's Gaius Charles Joins NBC's Charles Manson Drama Aquarius|first=Michael|last=Ausiello|date=14 Julai 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1942|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2l9uwre05onflgdeuceteumfcm60ubb 0 236450 1545871 2026-05-19T01:50:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mark Clark''' (28 Juni 1947 – 4 Desemba 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa Marekani na mwanachama wa Black Panther Party (BPP). Clark alichangia katika kuanzishwa kwa mpango wa kudumu wa chakula cha asubuhi bure (*Free Breakfast Program*) katika mji wake wa [[Peoria, Illinois]], pamoja na kushiriki katika siasa za muungano wa “Rainbow Coalition” zilizoongozwa na harakati za kupinga vita. Aliuawa tarehe 4 Desemba 1969 pamoja na Fred Hampton, ambaye al...' 1545871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Clark''' (28 Juni 1947 – 4 Desemba 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa Marekani na mwanachama wa Black Panther Party (BPP). Clark alichangia katika kuanzishwa kwa mpango wa kudumu wa chakula cha asubuhi bure (*Free Breakfast Program*) katika mji wake wa [[Peoria, Illinois]], pamoja na kushiriki katika siasa za muungano wa “Rainbow Coalition” zilizoongozwa na harakati za kupinga vita. Aliuawa tarehe 4 Desemba 1969 pamoja na Fred Hampton, ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa jimbo wa Black Panther Party, wakati wa msako wa alfajiri uliofanywa na polisi wa Chicago. Mnamo Januari 1970, baraza la uchunguzi la maiti (coroner’s jury) lilifanya uchunguzi na likahitimisha kuwa vifo vya Clark na Hampton vilikuwa “mauaji halali” (*justifiable homicide*).<ref name="Dolan">{{cite news |last=Dolan |first=Thomas J. |date=January 22, 1970 |title=Panther Inquest Backs Police |url=[http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/F%20Disk/FBI/FBI%20Black%20Panthers/Item%2010.pdf](http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/F%20Disk/FBI/FBI%20Black%20Panthers/Item%2010.pdf) |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |location=Chicago |page=3 |access-date=October 15, 2015}}</ref> Baada ya tukio hilo, walionusurika na familia za Clark na Hampton waliwasilisha kesi ya madai ya kifo kisicho cha haki (*wrongful death lawsuit*) dhidi ya Jiji la [[Chicago]], Kaunti ya Cook, na serikali ya shirikisho (hasa [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]). Kesi hiyo ilimalizika Novemba 1982 kwa suluhu, ambapo kila upande ulilipa dola 616,333 kwa kikundi cha walalamikaji tisa.<ref name="Chicago Tribune; November 2, 1982">{{cite news |last1=Franklin |first1=Tim |last2=Crawford Jr. |first2=William B |date=November 2, 1982 |title=County OKs Panther Death Settlements |url=[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1982/11/02/page/21/article/county-oks-panther-deaths-settlement](http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1982/11/02/page/21/article/county-oks-panther-deaths-settlement) |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=July 27, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 09wfxduelovzcvubumk4h8zbkj0yvy4 0 236451 1545875 2026-05-19T01:55:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Jerome Huggins Jr.''' (11 Februari 1945 – 17 Januari 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa kiongozi wa tawi la Los Angeles la Black Panther Party ambaye aliuawa na wanachama wa kundi la utaifa mweusi US Organization katika chuo cha [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) mnamo Januari 1969. Kama sehemu ya mpango wa COINTELPRO, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] ilituma barua za kughushi kwa makundi ya wazalendo w...' 1545875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Jerome Huggins Jr.''' (11 Februari 1945 – 17 Januari 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa kiongozi wa tawi la Los Angeles la Black Panther Party ambaye aliuawa na wanachama wa kundi la utaifa mweusi US Organization katika chuo cha [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) mnamo Januari 1969. Kama sehemu ya mpango wa COINTELPRO, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] ilituma barua za kughushi kwa makundi ya wazalendo weusi ili kuchochea mvutano kati ya Black Panthers na US Organization. Lary 'Watani' Stiner na ndugu yake walituhumiwa na kushtakiwa kwa mauaji ya Huggins.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Republican Party in the United States Government|url=[https://archive.org/details/counterintelligence|title=FBI](https://archive.org/details/counterintelligence|title=FBI) Secret COINTELPRO Documents Against the Black Communist|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1945|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] acogbqlozjjia96qn9j7t3qkk97nvnz 1545942 1545875 2026-05-19T05:36:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Jerome Huggins Jr.''' (11 Februari 1945 – 17 Januari 1969) alikuwa mwanaharakati kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa kiongozi wa tawi la Los Angeles la Black Panther Party ambaye aliuawa na wanachama wa kundi la utaifa mweusi US Organization katika chuo cha [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) mnamo Januari 1969. Kama sehemu ya mpango wa COINTELPRO, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] ilituma barua za kughushi kwa makundi ya wazalendo weusi ili kuchochea mvutano kati ya Black Panthers na US Organization. Lary 'Watani' Stiner na ndugu yake walituhumiwa na kushtakiwa kwa mauaji ya Huggins.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Republican Party in the United States Government|url=[https://archive.org/details/counterintelligence|title=FBI](https://archive.org/details/counterintelligence|title=FBI) Secret COINTELPRO Documents Against the Black Communist|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanaharakati}} {{BD|1945|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 1pwivg899fd82d9wwcmr19l3w2glp19 0 236452 1545876 2026-05-19T01:57:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Reverend Bruce W. Johnson Jr.''' (1938 – 29 Septemba 1969) alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Methodist katika eneo la Lincoln Park mjini [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (baadaye likaitwa “People’s Church”) na alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Young Lords, kundi la haki za kiraia la Wapuerto Rico ambalo lilikuwa pia kundi la zamani la mitaani. Johnson na mke wake Marjorie Eugenia Johnson (née...' 1545876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reverend Bruce W. Johnson Jr.''' (1938 – 29 Septemba 1969) alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Methodist katika eneo la Lincoln Park mjini [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (baadaye likaitwa “People’s Church”) na alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Young Lords, kundi la haki za kiraia la Wapuerto Rico ambalo lilikuwa pia kundi la zamani la mitaani. Johnson na mke wake Marjorie Eugenia Johnson (née Ransier) walikutwa wameuawa kwa kuchomwa visu nyumbani kwao tarehe 29 Septemba 1969.<ref name="Tribune 1969">{{cite news |last1=O'Brien |first1=John |title=N. Side Cleric, Wife Slain |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E](https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=30 September 1969}}</ref><ref name="DePaulia 2013">{{cite news |last1=Fowkes |first1=Tom |title=DePaul-connected Young Lords Organization honors fallen comrades |url=[https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/](https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=The DePaulia |date=6 October 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 1isyl354j7z8b9t43hzucyclyk9kr9f 1546129 1545876 2026-05-19T09:59:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bruce Johnson (mtumishi wa Mungu)]] hadi [[Bruce Johnson (mchungaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1545876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reverend Bruce W. Johnson Jr.''' (1938 – 29 Septemba 1969) alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Methodist katika eneo la Lincoln Park mjini [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (baadaye likaitwa “People’s Church”) na alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Young Lords, kundi la haki za kiraia la Wapuerto Rico ambalo lilikuwa pia kundi la zamani la mitaani. Johnson na mke wake Marjorie Eugenia Johnson (née Ransier) walikutwa wameuawa kwa kuchomwa visu nyumbani kwao tarehe 29 Septemba 1969.<ref name="Tribune 1969">{{cite news |last1=O'Brien |first1=John |title=N. Side Cleric, Wife Slain |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E](https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=30 September 1969}}</ref><ref name="DePaulia 2013">{{cite news |last1=Fowkes |first1=Tom |title=DePaul-connected Young Lords Organization honors fallen comrades |url=[https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/](https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=The DePaulia |date=6 October 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 1isyl354j7z8b9t43hzucyclyk9kr9f 1546131 1546129 2026-05-19T10:00:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce W. Johnson Jr.''' (1938 – 29 Septemba 1969) alikuwa [[mchungaji]] wa [[Wamethodisti|Kanisa la Kimethodisti]] katika eneo la Lincoln Park mjini [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Alikuwa mchungaji wa Kanisa la Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church (baadaye likaitwa “People’s Church”) na alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Young Lords, kundi la haki za kiraia la Wapuertorico ambalo lilikuwa pia kundi la zamani la mitaani. Johnson na mke wake Marjorie Eugenia Johnson (née Ransier) walikutwa wameuawa kwa kuchomwa visu nyumbani kwao tarehe 29 Septemba 1969.<ref name="Tribune 1969">{{cite news |last1=O'Brien |first1=John |title=N. Side Cleric, Wife Slain |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E](https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=35043093&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM3Njg4MzEyMywiaWF0IjoxNTk1NzE0ODkxLCJleHAiOjE1OTU4MDEyOTF9.Ohr7p5JPMsp4Q9lnDNYp5uXXYShRDnUXBkpFO3HUy_E) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=30 September 1969}}</ref><ref name="DePaulia 2013">{{cite news |last1=Fowkes |first1=Tom |title=DePaul-connected Young Lords Organization honors fallen comrades |url=[https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/](https://depauliaonline.com/6813/news/depaul-connected-young-lords-organization-honors-fallen-comrades/) |accessdate=25 July 2020 |work=The DePaulia |date=6 October 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|1938|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] kte493j9gpe4zd8x891nmqvamwvak6j 0 236453 1545877 2026-05-19T01:59:44Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emmett James''' “'''Tim'''” '''McKeithan''' (2 Novemba 1906 – 30 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mchezaji wa baseball wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa akicheza katika ligi kuu ya Major League Baseball. Alikuwa pitcher wa timu ya Philadelphia Athletics ya ligi ya American League kuanzia 1932 hadi 1934. Alikuwa na urefu wa {{convert|6|ft|2|in|m|adj=on}} na uzito wa {{convert|182|lb|kg|adj=on}}, na alikuwa akipiga na kurusha mpira kwa mkono wa kulia.<r...' 1545877 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmett James''' “'''Tim'''” '''McKeithan''' (2 Novemba 1906 – 30 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mchezaji wa baseball wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa akicheza katika ligi kuu ya Major League Baseball. Alikuwa pitcher wa timu ya Philadelphia Athletics ya ligi ya American League kuanzia 1932 hadi 1934. Alikuwa na urefu wa {{convert|6|ft|2|in|m|adj=on}} na uzito wa {{convert|182|lb|kg|adj=on}}, na alikuwa akipiga na kurusha mpira kwa mkono wa kulia.<ref name=retrosheet>{{cite web|title=Tim McKeithan|url=[http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/M/Pmcket101.htm|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=[[Retrosheet](http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/M/Pmcket101.htm|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=[[Retrosheet)]], Inc|accessdate=25 Aprili 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1906|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] hc099g3p4sacw0d3a3fh99uv802ytbl 0 236454 1545880 2026-05-19T02:46:52Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Mohammed Ali Al-Dibiski''' (Kiarabu: محمد علي الدبسكي; 1941 – 24 Aprili 2019), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Al-Biski (Kiarabu: علي البسكي), alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ingawa hakufunga mabao katika mashindano yaliyoidhinishwa na FIFA kutokana na kutoshiriki kwa [[Libya]] katika mashindano hayo wakati huo, bado anabaki kuwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa timu ya taifa ya Libya.<r...' 1545880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Ali Al-Dibiski''' (Kiarabu: محمد علي الدبسكي; 1941 – 24 Aprili 2019), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Al-Biski (Kiarabu: علي البسكي), alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ingawa hakufunga mabao katika mashindano yaliyoidhinishwa na FIFA kutokana na kutoshiriki kwa [[Libya]] katika mashindano hayo wakati huo, bado anabaki kuwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Support|url=http://rimessa.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=rimessa.net|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> Al-Biski alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Michezo ya Kiarabu ya mwaka 1965 na [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu mwaka 1966. Vyombo vya habari vya Misri vilimsifu kwa ushirikiano wake mzuri uwanjani, uwezo wa chenga, na nafasi nzuri za kufunga mabao. Pia aliwahi kuwa mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya mara mbili: * mwaka 1965 akiwa na Al-Madina * mwaka 1968 akiwa na Al-Ahli Tripoli == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 0bzp3axpvqanlg9v4c2t2mmj6hsrmcd 0 236455 1545881 2026-05-19T02:50:10Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yolanda Theresa Moses''' (alizaliwa [[1946]]) ni [[mwanaanthropolojia]] na msimamizi wa chuo aliyewahi kuwa rais wa 10 wa City College of New York ([[1993]]–[[1999]]) na rais wa American Association for Higher Education ([[2000]]–[[2003]]). Alijulikana kwa uongozi wake katika elimu ya juu na utofauti.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Anthropology, Faculty: Yolanda T. Moses|url=http://www.anthropology.ucr.edu/|publisher=University of California Riv...' 1545881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yolanda Theresa Moses''' (alizaliwa [[1946]]) ni [[mwanaanthropolojia]] na msimamizi wa chuo aliyewahi kuwa rais wa 10 wa City College of New York ([[1993]]–[[1999]]) na rais wa American Association for Higher Education ([[2000]]–[[2003]]). Alijulikana kwa uongozi wake katika elimu ya juu na utofauti.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Anthropology, Faculty: Yolanda T. Moses|url=http://www.anthropology.ucr.edu/|publisher=University of California Riverside|access-date=6 July 2016|archive-date=21 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621010110/http://www.anthropology.ucr.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ljtkvy28k5nm2x1uvtlkmv2g7enwtc8 0 236456 1545882 2026-05-19T02:51:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdul Latif Booker''' (Kiarabu: عبد اللطيف بوكر; alizaliwa 12 Juni 1945 mjini Tripoli, Libya) alikuwa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa Shirikisho la Vyama vya Soka vya Kiarabu (UAFA), na pia rais wa zamani wa Shirikisho la Soka la Libya. == Wasifu == Abdul Latif Booker alizaliwa Tripoli tarehe 12 Juni 1945. Alipata diploma ya juu ya uandishi wa [[habari]] nchini Misri mwaka 1967. Kama mwanahabari, alifanya kazi kama mhariri wa michezo kuanzia 1967 h...' 1545882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Latif Booker''' (Kiarabu: عبد اللطيف بوكر; alizaliwa 12 Juni 1945 mjini Tripoli, Libya) alikuwa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa Shirikisho la Vyama vya Soka vya Kiarabu (UAFA), na pia rais wa zamani wa Shirikisho la Soka la Libya. == Wasifu == Abdul Latif Booker alizaliwa Tripoli tarehe 12 Juni 1945. Alipata diploma ya juu ya uandishi wa [[habari]] nchini Misri mwaka 1967. Kama mwanahabari, alifanya kazi kama mhariri wa michezo kuanzia 1967 hadi 1972, na aliongoza kitengo cha michezo cha gazeti la Al-Raed. Pia alifanya kazi katika gazeti la Al-Riyadha Al-Jamahiriya na alikuwa mhariri mkuu wa gazeti la Al-Rai mjini Tripoli kati ya 1972 na 1974. Mwaka 1972 alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Umoja wa Waandishi wa Habari za Michezo wa Kiarabu huko Baghdad. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati Kuu ya Mipango ya Michezo kuanzia 1973 hadi 1976. Katika sekta ya habari, aliwahi kuongoza kitengo cha habari mjini [[Tripoli]], akaanzisha na kuongoza Redio ya Tripoli, na pia akawa katibu mkuu katika sekta ya habari pamoja na mkurugenzi wa ofisi ya tafiti na kumbukumbu za habari. == Uongozi wa soka == Katika uongozi wa soka, kwanza alikuwa rais wa [[klabu]] ya Al-Wahda Tripoli kuanzia 1970 hadi 1975. Pia alichaguliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa Kombe la Palestina la Mataifa mwaka 1973. Alihudumu kama rais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Libya kwa vipindi vitatu: * 1973–1974 * 1986–1989 * 1991 Booker pia alianzisha na kuwa rais wa kwanza wa Umoja wa Vyama vya Soka vya Kiarabu (UAFA) kuanzia 1974 hadi 1976, huku makao makuu yake yakiwa Tripoli hadi mwaka 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Union of Arab Football Associations celebrates the 50th anniversary of Foundation, Prepares to launch the 2024 season competitions|url=https://uafa-ac.com/en/19898/,%20https://uafa-ac.com/en/19898/|work=uafa-ac.com|date=2024-01-17|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 1985 alikuwa rais wa Kamati ya Habari ya Michezo ya UAFA, na mwaka 1988 alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Utendaji ya umoja huo. Aidha, alikuwa rais wa Kampuni ya Uchapishaji, Usambazaji na Matangazo kati ya 1975 hadi 1980. == Kazi ya kidiplomasia == Kama mwanadiplomasia, alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Al-Fikr mwaka 1971. Pia aliteuliwa kuwa [[balozi]] wa Libya nchini Brazil kwa miaka minne mfululizo kuanzia 1980 hadi 1984. Baadaye aliongoza Kitengo cha Vyombo vya Habari na Idara ya Habari za Nje katika sekta ya habari katikati ya miaka ya 1980<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Support|url=https://rimessa.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=rimessa.net|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] q43e12fqv1emr56rsvfajfch3mb760s 0 236457 1545883 2026-05-19T02:52:22Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Albert John Cook''' ([[Agosti 30]], [[1842]] – [[Septemba 29]], [[1916]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa wadudu wa kiuchumi (economic entomologist) na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika maendeleo ya [[entomolojia]] huko [[Michigan]] na [[California]]. Cook alifundisha mojawapo ya kozi za kwanza rasmi za entomolojia nchini Marekani.<ref>[http://www.arc.ent.msu.edu/history.php Michigan State University]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}...' 1545883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert John Cook''' ([[Agosti 30]], [[1842]] – [[Septemba 29]], [[1916]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa wadudu wa kiuchumi (economic entomologist) na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika maendeleo ya [[entomolojia]] huko [[Michigan]] na [[California]]. Cook alifundisha mojawapo ya kozi za kwanza rasmi za entomolojia nchini Marekani.<ref>[http://www.arc.ent.msu.edu/history.php Michigan State University]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1842]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1916]] 0ycjo0ijrg42xdla3jft1y9ek28pcmi 0 236458 1545884 2026-05-19T02:54:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammed Ali Al-Dibiski''' (Kiarabu: محمد علي الدبسكي; 1941 – 24 Aprili 2019), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Al-Biski (Kiarabu: علي البسكي), alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ingawa hakufunga mabao katika mashindano yaliyoidhinishwa na FIFA kutokana na kutoshiriki kwa [[Libya]] katika mashindano hayo wakati huo, bado anabaki kuwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. A...' 1545884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Ali Al-Dibiski''' (Kiarabu: محمد علي الدبسكي; 1941 – 24 Aprili 2019), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Al-Biski (Kiarabu: علي البسكي), alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ingawa hakufunga mabao katika mashindano yaliyoidhinishwa na FIFA kutokana na kutoshiriki kwa [[Libya]] katika mashindano hayo wakati huo, bado anabaki kuwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. Al-Biski alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Michezo ya Kiarabu ya mwaka 1965 na Kombe la Mataifa ya Kiarabu mwaka 1966. Vyombo vya [[habari]] vya Misri vilimsifu kwa ushirikiano wake mzuri uwanjani, uwezo wa chenga, na nafasi nzuri za kufunga mabao. Pia aliwahi kuwa mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya mara mbili:<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> * mwaka 1965 akiwa na Al-Madina * mwaka 1968 akiwa na Al-Ahli Tripoli == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] qgyt5ngbw6lpapgtsrx1exy145nf0ou 1545970 1545884 2026-05-19T06:19:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Ali Al-Dibiski''' (Kiarabu: محمد علي الدبسكي; 1941 – 24 Aprili 2019), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Al-Biski (Kiarabu: علي البسكي), alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ingawa hakufunga mabao katika mashindano yaliyoidhinishwa na FIFA kutokana na kutoshiriki kwa [[Libya]] katika mashindano hayo wakati huo, bado anabaki kuwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. Al-Biski alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Michezo ya Kiarabu ya mwaka 1965 na Kombe la Mataifa ya Kiarabu mwaka 1966. Vyombo vya [[habari]] vya Misri vilimsifu kwa ushirikiano wake mzuri uwanjani, uwezo wa chenga, na nafasi nzuri za kufunga mabao. Pia aliwahi kuwa mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya mara mbili:<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> * mwaka 1965 akiwa na Al-Madina * mwaka 1968 akiwa na Al-Ahli Tripoli == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] ke4bi241ztdb5i2dw5lzn1mm31bbehb 0 236459 1545885 2026-05-19T02:58:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Whipple Congdon''' ([[Aprili 13]], [[1834]] – [[Aprili 5]], [[1910]]) alikuwa [[wakili]] kwa taaluma ambaye alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika uchunguzi wa botania wa mapema huko [[California]], hasa katika eneo la [[Yosemite]], ambako aliishi [[Mariposa]] kutoka [[1882]] hadi [[1905]]. Congdon alizaliwa [[Pomfret]], [[Connecticut]]na alihitimu Chuo Kikuu cha Brown. Alilakuwa kama wakili huko [[Providence, Rhode Island]] mwaka [[1860]]. Alihud...' 1545885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Whipple Congdon''' ([[Aprili 13]], [[1834]] – [[Aprili 5]], [[1910]]) alikuwa [[wakili]] kwa taaluma ambaye alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika uchunguzi wa botania wa mapema huko [[California]], hasa katika eneo la [[Yosemite]], ambako aliishi [[Mariposa]] kutoka [[1882]] hadi [[1905]]. Congdon alizaliwa [[Pomfret]], [[Connecticut]]na alihitimu Chuo Kikuu cha Brown. Alilakuwa kama wakili huko [[Providence, Rhode Island]] mwaka [[1860]]. Alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja katika bunge la Rhode Island mwaka [[1878]]–79.<ref>{{cite book |last=Congdon |first=George Edward |title=The Congdon Chronicle |year=1921 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCtGAAAAMAAJ&q=Joseph+Whipple+Congdon |page=230}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Quattrocchi |first=Umberto |title=CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms and Etymology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ieqQs7hIREC |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=0-8493-1303-1 |page=2279}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1834]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1910]] 7m4vpvxajrx4fei0ln1vslq1go5gk1l 0 236460 1545886 2026-05-19T02:59:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ihaab Boussefi''' (Kiarabu: إيهاب البوسيفي; alizaliwa 23 Juni 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Nasr katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=ar}}</ref> Ameichezea timu ya [[taifa]] ya Libya <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ihaab Boussefi (Player)|url=https://www.na...' 1545886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihaab Boussefi''' (Kiarabu: إيهاب البوسيفي; alizaliwa 23 Juni 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Nasr katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=ar}}</ref> Ameichezea timu ya [[taifa]] ya Libya <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ihaab Boussefi (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43704/Ihaab_Boussefi.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref>mara kadhaa katika kiwango cha kimataifa, na alifunga mabao yote mawili wakati Libya ilipoifunga [[Senegal]] katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 3a6k8wpmnt3nw19vmrf4qg0kusnmkn6 1545933 1545886 2026-05-19T05:26:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihaab Boussefi''' (Kiarabu: إيهاب البوسيفي; alizaliwa 23 Juni 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Nasr katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=ar}}</ref> Ameichezea timu ya [[taifa]] ya Libya <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ihaab Boussefi (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43704/Ihaab_Boussefi.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref>mara kadhaa katika kiwango cha kimataifa, na alifunga mabao yote mawili wakati Libya ilipoifunga [[Senegal]] katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 43urupu7g0m52jpu0r9cuuouviq7o74 0 236461 1545887 2026-05-19T03:03:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julia Allison Clarke''' ni mwana [[Palantolojia]] na [[mwanabiolojia]] katika mageuzi nchini [[Marekani]] anayesoma mageuzi au mabadiliko ya ndege na [[Dinosauri|dinosauri]] wanaohusiana zaidi na ndege walio hai. Yeye ni Profesa John A. Wilson katika Palantolojia ya Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo katika shule ya Jackson School of Geosciences na Profesa wa Howard Hughes Medical Institute katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas, Austin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julia A Cla...' 1545887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Allison Clarke''' ni mwana [[Palantolojia]] na [[mwanabiolojia]] katika mageuzi nchini [[Marekani]] anayesoma mageuzi au mabadiliko ya ndege na [[Dinosauri|dinosauri]] wanaohusiana zaidi na ndege walio hai. Yeye ni Profesa John A. Wilson katika Palantolojia ya Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo katika shule ya Jackson School of Geosciences na Profesa wa Howard Hughes Medical Institute katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas, Austin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julia A Clarke {{!}} Jackson School of Geosciences {{!}} The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/researcher/ |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=Jackson School of Geosciences |language=en}}</ref><ref name="paleo">{{Cite web|url=http://juliaclarke-paleolab.com/about/|title=About|website=Julia Clarke|language=en-US|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qlleaowmwlt2dwyogt2l3gumhv6nqtq 1545947 1545887 2026-05-19T05:38:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Allison Clarke''' ni mwana [[Palantolojia]] na [[mwanabiolojia]] katika mageuzi nchini [[Marekani]] anayesoma mageuzi au mabadiliko ya ndege na [[Dinosauri|dinosauri]] wanaohusiana zaidi na ndege walio hai. Yeye ni Profesa John A. Wilson katika Palantolojia ya Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo katika shule ya Jackson School of Geosciences na Profesa wa Howard Hughes Medical Institute katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas, Austin.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Julia A Clarke {{!}} Jackson School of Geosciences {{!}} The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/researcher/ |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=Jackson School of Geosciences |language=en}}</ref><ref name="paleo">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://juliaclarke-paleolab.com/about/|title=About|website=Julia Clarke|language=en-US|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2n3hjtlo8stbujmxw8sjd84u5lw8c36 0 236462 1545888 2026-05-19T03:04:30Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Osama Chtiba''' (Kiarabu: أسامة اشطيبة; alizaliwa 27 Septemba 1988) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli. == Kazi ya klabu == Mnamo Januari 2019, Chtiba alijiunga na klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Support|url=https://rimessa.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=rimessa.net|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Mashindano]]...' 1545888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama Chtiba''' (Kiarabu: أسامة اشطيبة; alizaliwa 27 Septemba 1988) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli. == Kazi ya klabu == Mnamo Januari 2019, Chtiba alijiunga na klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Support|url=https://rimessa.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=rimessa.net|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Mashindano]] ya Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] kwa Wachezaji wa Ndani (CHAN): 2014<ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/25719387|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 49offp7lwfkcll3a0wiyq1pclqk95q9 1545996 1545888 2026-05-19T07:18:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osama Chtiba''' (Kiarabu: أسامة اشطيبة; alizaliwa 27 Septemba 1988) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati katika klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli. == Kazi ya klabu == Mnamo Januari 2019, Chtiba alijiunga na klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Contact Support|url=https://rimessa.net/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|work=rimessa.net|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Mashindano]] ya Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] kwa Wachezaji wa Ndani (CHAN): 2014<ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/25719387|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] at3eht9lbu5evo14kiztxnb02xy46k5 0 236463 1545889 2026-05-19T03:05:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul Kwan Chien''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 1]], [[1947]]) ni [[mwanabiolojia]] mwenye asili ya [[Hong Kong]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa utafiti wake juu ya fiziolojia na ikolojia ya viumbe wanaoishi kwenye ukingo wa maji (intertidal organisms) na kwa uungaji mkono wake wa muundo wa akili (intelligent design).<ref name="discobio">{{cite news | url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&isFellow=true&id=52 | title=Paul...' 1545889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Kwan Chien''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 1]], [[1947]]) ni [[mwanabiolojia]] mwenye asili ya [[Hong Kong]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa utafiti wake juu ya fiziolojia na ikolojia ya viumbe wanaoishi kwenye ukingo wa maji (intertidal organisms) na kwa uungaji mkono wake wa muundo wa akili (intelligent design).<ref name="discobio">{{cite news | url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&isFellow=true&id=52 | title=Paul Chien, Senior Fellow - CSC | publisher=[[Discovery Institute]] | year=2008 | access-date=2008-05-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417185932/http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=52&isFellow=true | archive-date=2009-04-17 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4473185.Paul_K_Chien |title= Paul K. Chien |publisher= Goodreads.com |access-date=21 Nov 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 27vefrjfgpog5c4avaal859khwp5j6n 0 236464 1545890 2026-05-19T03:08:12Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jamal Damja''' (Kiarabu: جلال الدامجة; alizaliwa 1966) ni [[kocha]] wa soka kutoka Libya. == Timu ya taifa ya Libya == Damja aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Libya mwezi Oktoba 2016 baada ya kocha wa awali, Javier Clemente, kuiongoza [[timu]] hiyo kufungwa vibaya na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Congo katika mechi ya kufuzu [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2022|Kombe]] la Dunia 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libyan Football Federation assigns...' 1545890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamal Damja''' (Kiarabu: جلال الدامجة; alizaliwa 1966) ni [[kocha]] wa soka kutoka Libya. == Timu ya taifa ya Libya == Damja aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Libya mwezi Oktoba 2016 baada ya kocha wa awali, Javier Clemente, kuiongoza [[timu]] hiyo kufungwa vibaya na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Congo katika mechi ya kufuzu [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2022|Kombe]] la Dunia 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libyan Football Federation assigns Jalal Al-Damja coach of Libyan national team {{!}} The Libya Observer|url=https://libyaobserver.ly/sports/libyan-football-federation-assigns-jalal-al-damja-coach-libyan-national-team|work=libyaobserver.ly|date=2016-10-26|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> Alichukua jukumu hilo wiki moja kabla ya mechi ya mwisho ya kufuzu dhidi ya Tunisia, ambapo Libya ilifungwa 1–0 na kumaliza mkiani mwa kundi lao. Akizungumzia matokeo mabaya ya [[timu]] hiyo, Damja alisema kuwa kutocheza mechi za nyumbani nchini Libya kutokana na migogoro ya muda mrefu nchini humo kulinyima timu faida ya kucheza nyumbani. Mkataba wake ulimalizika Novemba 2017 na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na msaidizi wake, Amer Almalmi. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa tena kuwa kocha wa Libya baada ya timu hiyo kushindwa kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] 2019. Baadaye alijiuzulu tarehe 24 Oktoba 2019.<ref>{{Citation|title=Libya coach Jalal Damja quits as technical staff sacked|date=2019-10-24|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50167336|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bfhjjc64gr79ikucmlljz5gy28gjcbr 1545937 1545890 2026-05-19T05:30:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamal Damja''' (Kiarabu: جلال الدامجة; alizaliwa 1966) ni [[kocha]] wa soka kutoka Libya. == Timu ya taifa ya Libya == Damja aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Libya mwezi Oktoba 2016 baada ya kocha wa awali, Javier Clemente, kuiongoza [[timu]] hiyo kufungwa vibaya na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Congo katika mechi ya kufuzu [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2022|Kombe]] la Dunia 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libyan Football Federation assigns Jalal Al-Damja coach of Libyan national team {{!}} The Libya Observer|url=https://libyaobserver.ly/sports/libyan-football-federation-assigns-jalal-al-damja-coach-libyan-national-team|work=libyaobserver.ly|date=2016-10-26|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> Alichukua jukumu hilo wiki moja kabla ya mechi ya mwisho ya kufuzu dhidi ya Tunisia, ambapo Libya ilifungwa 1–0 na kumaliza mkiani mwa kundi lao. Akizungumzia matokeo mabaya ya [[timu]] hiyo, Damja alisema kuwa kutocheza mechi za nyumbani nchini Libya kutokana na migogoro ya muda mrefu nchini humo kulinyima timu faida ya kucheza nyumbani. Mkataba wake ulimalizika Novemba 2017 na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na msaidizi wake, Amer Almalmi. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa tena kuwa kocha wa Libya baada ya timu hiyo kushindwa kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya [[Afrika]] 2019. Baadaye alijiuzulu tarehe 24 Oktoba 2019.<ref>{{Citation|title=Libya coach Jalal Damja quits as technical staff sacked|date=2019-10-24|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/50167336|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ioggl4c5fj1m1tswzo8ub359per3ens 0 236465 1545891 2026-05-19T03:09:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Matthew Cartmill''' ni mwanaanthropolojia wa [[Marekani]] na profesa wa [[anthropolojia]] katika Chuo chs Arts and Sciences katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston, ambako aliwahi kuhudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Anthropolojia. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika anthropolojia ya kimwili na mageuzi au mabadiliko ya wanyama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/2019/01/18/congratulations-to-dr-cartmill/ |title=Congratulations to Dr. Cartmill! |date=2019...' 1545891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Cartmill''' ni mwanaanthropolojia wa [[Marekani]] na profesa wa [[anthropolojia]] katika Chuo chs Arts and Sciences katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston, ambako aliwahi kuhudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Anthropolojia. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika anthropolojia ya kimwili na mageuzi au mabadiliko ya wanyama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/2019/01/18/congratulations-to-dr-cartmill/ |title=Congratulations to Dr. Cartmill! |date=2019-01-18 |website=Boston University |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bu.edu/anthrop/people/faculty/m-cartmill/ |title=Matt Cartmill |website=Boston University |access-date=2019-06-12 |archive-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616110844/http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/people/faculty/m-cartmill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaanthropolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fdfs7ekskja3amh96uo4rw10ylyqt3c 1545971 1545891 2026-05-19T06:25:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Cartmill''' ni mwanaanthropolojia wa [[Marekani]] na profesa wa [[anthropolojia]] katika Chuo chs Arts and Sciences katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston, ambako aliwahi kuhudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Anthropolojia. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika anthropolojia ya kimwili na mageuzi au mabadiliko ya wanyama.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/2019/01/18/congratulations-to-dr-cartmill/ |title=Congratulations to Dr. Cartmill! |date=2019-01-18 |website=Boston University |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.bu.edu/anthrop/people/faculty/m-cartmill/ |title=Matt Cartmill |website=Boston University |access-date=2019-06-12 |archive-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616110844/http://www.bu.edu/anthrop/people/faculty/m-cartmill/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaanthropolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ppmnf16ahwljzys5rcruyeb7coy22yb 0 236466 1545892 2026-05-19T03:12:12Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Omar Daoud''' (9 Aprili 1983 – 9 Mei 2018) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya na alijulikana zaidi kwa kuichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli ya Libya pamoja na JS Kabylie ya Algeria. == Kifo == Daoud alifariki tarehe 9 Mei 2018 katika ajali ya [[gari]] karibu na mji wake wa Shahhat nchini Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omar Daoud - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt....' 1545892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Daoud''' (9 Aprili 1983 – 9 Mei 2018) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya na alijulikana zaidi kwa kuichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli ya Libya pamoja na JS Kabylie ya Algeria. == Kifo == Daoud alifariki tarehe 9 Mei 2018 katika ajali ya [[gari]] karibu na mji wake wa Shahhat nchini Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omar Daoud - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/omar-daoud/profil/spieler/63335|work=www.transfermarkt.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] r5p8ry5puwh8j4xb9bh8zpa611uojkg 1545994 1545892 2026-05-19T07:15:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Daoud''' (9 Aprili 1983 – 9 Mei 2018) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya na alijulikana zaidi kwa kuichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli ya Libya pamoja na JS Kabylie ya Algeria. == Kifo == Daoud alifariki tarehe 9 Mei 2018 katika ajali ya [[gari]] karibu na mji wake wa Shahhat nchini Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Omar Daoud - Player profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/omar-daoud/profil/spieler/63335|work=www.transfermarkt.com|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] d5ky9h3j5qgdtrbxrt1hzcyv8lurule 0 236467 1545893 2026-05-19T03:15:24Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adelaide T. C. Carpenter''' ([[Juni 24]], [[1944]] – [[Mei 31]], [[2024]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa maumbile katika aina ya nzi Drosophila melanogaster nchini [[Marekani]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]].<ref name=Chen>Chen, Ingfei. [https://www.science.org/content/article/wake-call Wake-Up Call], ''Sciencemag.org'', 19 February 2003.</ref><ref name=Cox>Cox, Hugo. [https://www.ft.com/content/238cc916-e935-11e6-967b-c88452263daf Aubrey de Grey: scienti...' 1545893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adelaide T. C. Carpenter''' ([[Juni 24]], [[1944]] – [[Mei 31]], [[2024]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa maumbile katika aina ya nzi Drosophila melanogaster nchini [[Marekani]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]].<ref name=Chen>Chen, Ingfei. [https://www.science.org/content/article/wake-call Wake-Up Call], ''Sciencemag.org'', 19 February 2003.</ref><ref name=Cox>Cox, Hugo. [https://www.ft.com/content/238cc916-e935-11e6-967b-c88452263daf Aubrey de Grey: scientist who says humans can live for 1,000 years], ''Financial Times'', 8 February 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] fr91wztil54f3lo8geexmi7ou9xynxa 0 236468 1545894 2026-05-19T03:15:45Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Sadeg Dhou''' (Kiarabu: محمد صادق ذو; alizaliwa 20 Juni 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya Chaika nchini Ukraine. == Maisha binafsi == Dhou alizaliwa Libya, lakini yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Ukraine kwa ajili ya [[kazi]]. Alisoma katika shule ya Kiarabu na kucheza mpira wa miguu na wenzake wa darasani katika uwanja wa shule. Baadaye wazazi wake walirejea Libya, huku y...' 1545894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Sadeg Dhou''' (Kiarabu: محمد صادق ذو; alizaliwa 20 Juni 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya Chaika nchini Ukraine. == Maisha binafsi == Dhou alizaliwa Libya, lakini yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Ukraine kwa ajili ya [[kazi]]. Alisoma katika shule ya Kiarabu na kucheza mpira wa miguu na wenzake wa darasani katika uwanja wa shule. Baadaye wazazi wake walirejea Libya, huku yeye akibaki Ukraine kuendelea na masomo yake katika taasisi ya elimu. == Kazi ya soka == Dhou alianza kucheza soka katika klabu ya amateurs ya Lokomotyv Kyiv. Alionekana na viongozi wa klabu ya Chaika wakati wa mashindano ya msimu wa baridi, lakini mwanzoni alikataa kushiriki majaribio ya kujiunga na [[timu]] hiyo. Baadaye timu hizo zilikutana tena, na safari hii Dhou alikubali kufanya majaribio na hatimaye akajiunga na Chaika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Мохамед Доу: "Відчуваю себе наполовину українцем"|url=https://www.footboom1.com/ua/ukraine/ukraine-second-league/1576866621-mokhamed-dou-vidchuvaiu-sebe-napolovynu-ukraintsem.html|work=www.footboom1.com|date=2019-12-20|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=uk}}</ref> Katika msimu wa 2016–17, alicheza michezo mitano katika Ligi ya Amateur ya Ukraine na kushinda Kombe la Amateur la Ukraine. Msimu uliofuata aliisaidia timu yake kupanda daraja hadi Ligi Daraja la Pili ya Ukraine. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika msimu wa 2018–19 tarehe 22 Julai 2018, katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya Bukovyna ugenini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] dc2am673xiz20c3vt0x63rd9bnob4fk 1545978 1545894 2026-05-19T06:39:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Sadeg Dhou''' (Kiarabu: محمد صادق ذو; alizaliwa 20 Juni 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya Chaika nchini Ukraine. == Maisha binafsi == Dhou alizaliwa Libya, lakini yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Ukraine kwa ajili ya [[kazi]]. Alisoma katika shule ya Kiarabu na kucheza mpira wa miguu na wenzake wa darasani katika uwanja wa shule. Baadaye wazazi wake walirejea Libya, huku yeye akibaki Ukraine kuendelea na masomo yake katika taasisi ya elimu. == Kazi ya soka == Dhou alianza kucheza soka katika klabu ya amateurs ya Lokomotyv Kyiv. Alionekana na viongozi wa klabu ya Chaika wakati wa mashindano ya msimu wa baridi, lakini mwanzoni alikataa kushiriki majaribio ya kujiunga na [[timu]] hiyo. Baadaye timu hizo zilikutana tena, na safari hii Dhou alikubali kufanya majaribio na hatimaye akajiunga na Chaika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Мохамед Доу: "Відчуваю себе наполовину українцем"|url=https://www.footboom1.com/ua/ukraine/ukraine-second-league/1576866621-mokhamed-dou-vidchuvaiu-sebe-napolovynu-ukraintsem.html|work=www.footboom1.com|date=2019-12-20|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=uk}}</ref> Katika msimu wa 2016–17, alicheza michezo mitano katika Ligi ya Amateur ya Ukraine na kushinda Kombe la Amateur la Ukraine. Msimu uliofuata aliisaidia timu yake kupanda daraja hadi Ligi Daraja la Pili ya Ukraine. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika msimu wa 2018–19 tarehe 22 Julai 2018, katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya Bukovyna ugenini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] prnq8cyv8xzdpd4onde8ddfetf2boqn 0 236469 1545895 2026-05-19T03:20:09Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ezzeddin Amer Faraj El Maremi''' (Kiarabu: عزو المريمي; alizaliwa 22 Agosti 1998) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli pamoja na timu ya taifa ya [[Libya]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kucheza soka la kulipwa nchini Jordan na Tunisia akiwa na klabu za Shabab Al-Ordon na Métlaoui, El Maremi alirejea Libya mwishoni mwa mwaka 2020 na kujiunga na Al-Madina. Mwaka uliofuata, alisaini na klabu ya Al Ittihad [[Tripoli]...' 1545895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezzeddin Amer Faraj El Maremi''' (Kiarabu: عزو المريمي; alizaliwa 22 Agosti 1998) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli pamoja na timu ya taifa ya [[Libya]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kucheza soka la kulipwa nchini Jordan na Tunisia akiwa na klabu za Shabab Al-Ordon na Métlaoui, El Maremi alirejea Libya mwishoni mwa mwaka 2020 na kujiunga na Al-Madina. Mwaka uliofuata, alisaini na klabu ya Al Ittihad [[Tripoli]] na mara moja akapelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Abu Salim. == Kazi ya kimataifa == El Maremi alifunga bao lake la kwanza kimataifa katika mechi ya kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la [[FIFA]] 2026 ambapo Libya ilifungwa 3–1 na Cameroon mwezi Machi 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 85ihxpgzvncjign2c6q08lq3u3jx3qk 1545922 1545895 2026-05-19T05:06:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezzeddin Amer Faraj El Maremi''' (Kiarabu: عزو المريمي; alizaliwa 22 Agosti 1998) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al Ahli Tripoli pamoja na timu ya taifa ya [[Libya]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kucheza soka la kulipwa nchini Jordan na Tunisia akiwa na klabu za Shabab Al-Ordon na Métlaoui, El Maremi alirejea Libya mwishoni mwa mwaka 2020 na kujiunga na Al-Madina. Mwaka uliofuata, alisaini na klabu ya Al Ittihad [[Tripoli]] na mara moja akapelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Abu Salim. == Kazi ya kimataifa == El Maremi alifunga bao lake la kwanza kimataifa katika mechi ya kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la [[FIFA]] 2026 ambapo Libya ilifungwa 3–1 na Cameroon mwezi Machi 2025.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] lrpicn5mna0qdfuxpygy2xa3ho2mg8a 0 236470 1545896 2026-05-19T03:27:10Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sergio Carbajo Garcia''' ni [[mwanafizikia]] na [[mhandisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Wabaski|mbaski]] na [[Uhispania]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kazi yake inaunganisha optics ya ultrafast na quantum, sayansi ya [[Eksirei|eksirei]] inayoendeshwa na chembe , na fotoniki iliyotumika (applied photonics).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Sergio Carbajo's Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/scarbajo |access-date=2026-01-05 |websi...' 1545896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Carbajo Garcia''' ni [[mwanafizikia]] na [[mhandisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Wabaski|mbaski]] na [[Uhispania]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kazi yake inaunganisha optics ya ultrafast na quantum, sayansi ya [[Eksirei|eksirei]] inayoendeshwa na chembe , na fotoniki iliyotumika (applied photonics).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Sergio Carbajo's Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/scarbajo |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=profiles.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2025 |title=UCLA Physics & Astronomy: Affiliated Faculty |url=https://www.pa.ucla.edu/faculty-affiliated.html |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=UCLA Physics & Astronomy}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Sergio Carbajo |url=https://samueli.ucla.edu/people/sergio-carbajo/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qcagftjzz9duolyxtnufczujosnol0o 1546010 1545896 2026-05-19T07:40:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1546010 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Carbajo Garcia''' ni [[mwanafizikia]] na [[mhandisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Wabaski|mbaski]] na [[Uhispania]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kazi yake inaunganisha optics ya ultrafast na quantum, sayansi ya [[Eksirei|eksirei]] inayoendeshwa na chembe , na fotoniki iliyotumika (applied photonics).<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Sergio Carbajo's Profile {{!}} Stanford Profiles |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/scarbajo |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=profiles.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Rejea tovuti |date=March 3, 2025 |title=UCLA Physics & Astronomy: Affiliated Faculty |url=https://www.pa.ucla.edu/faculty-affiliated.html |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=UCLA Physics & Astronomy}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Sergio Carbajo |url=https://samueli.ucla.edu/people/sergio-carbajo/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8w8xjdgg1ljg29fh6wrn6okozfdbaz1 0 236471 1545898 2026-05-19T03:48:56Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Repke''' au '''David B. Repke''' ni [[mwanakemia]] katika sekta ya dawa nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alifanya kazi katika eneo la dawa za kisaikolojia (psychedelic drugs). Yeye na wenzake walijulikana kwa kuwa wa kwanza kuunganisha na kuelezea idadi kadhaa ya kampaundi ya kikaboni ya tryptamines.<ref name="ZamberlanSanzMartínez2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zamberlan F, Sanz C, Martínez Vivot R, Pallavicini C, Erowid F, Erowid E, Tagliazucchi...' 1545898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Repke''' au '''David B. Repke''' ni [[mwanakemia]] katika sekta ya dawa nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alifanya kazi katika eneo la dawa za kisaikolojia (psychedelic drugs). Yeye na wenzake walijulikana kwa kuwa wa kwanza kuunganisha na kuelezea idadi kadhaa ya kampaundi ya kikaboni ya tryptamines.<ref name="ZamberlanSanzMartínez2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zamberlan F, Sanz C, Martínez Vivot R, Pallavicini C, Erowid F, Erowid E, Tagliazucchi E | title = The Varieties of the Psychedelic Experience: A Preliminary Study of the Association Between the Reported Subjective Effects and the Binding Affinity Profiles of Substituted Phenethylamines and Tryptamines | journal = Front Integr Neurosci | volume = 12 | issue = | article-number = 54 | date = 2018 | pmid = 30467466 | pmc = 6235949 | doi = 10.3389/fnint.2018.00054 | doi-access = free | url = | quote = 5-MeO-MiPT (5-Methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine): substituted tryptamine, first synthesized by Repke et al. (1985). [...] 4-OH-DiPT (4-Hydroxy-diisopropyltryptamine): substituted tryptamine, first synthesized by Repke et al. (1977) and investigated in humans by A. Shulgin (Shulgin and Shulgin, 1997).}}</ref><ref name="TorresRepke2006">{{cite book | last1=Torres | first1=Constantino Manuel | last2=Repke | first2=David B. | title=Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America | publisher=Routledge | date=2006 | isbn=978-1-315-86459-4 | doi=10.4324/9781315864594 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&pg=PP1 | quote = [Alexander Shulgin in Preface:] It was several years earlier that I had first met David Repke. At that time he was an organic chemist with a northern California pharmaceutical company, and I quickly appreciated that he was a master in the area of tryptamine chemistry. He was interested in the synthesis of plant alkaloids and their analogues, and this fit beautifully with my own curiosity about psychoactive compounds. Our interaction has led to our co-authoring of a couple of publications in the scientific literature. At that time, our mutual interests were focused on the N-alkylated analogues of the active ayahuasca component dimethyltryptamine and the four-substituted counterparts such as psilocin and psilocybin that are the major contributors to the activity of the magic mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t2dw5nn2fwyjv353wzj2w3r1s15fplf 0 236472 1545899 2026-05-19T03:51:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anders Martin Dale''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa neva na profesa wa [[radiolojia]], sayansi ya neva, magonjwa ya akili, na sayansi ya utambuzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[San Diego]] (UCSD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiology.ucsd.edu/faculty_staff/adale.html |title=UCSD profile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720075706/http://radiology.ucsd.edu/faculty_staff/adale.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 }}</ref>, na yeye ni mmoja wa waendeleza...' 1545899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anders Martin Dale''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa neva na profesa wa [[radiolojia]], sayansi ya neva, magonjwa ya akili, na sayansi ya utambuzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[San Diego]] (UCSD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiology.ucsd.edu/faculty_staff/adale.html |title=UCSD profile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720075706/http://radiology.ucsd.edu/faculty_staff/adale.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 }}</ref>, na yeye ni mmoja wa waendelezaji wakuu duniani wa mbinu za upigaji picha wa kompyuta wa muundo wa neva . Yeye ndiye Mkurugenzi Mwanzilishi wa Center for Multimodal Imaging Genetics (CMIG) katika UCSD.<ref name=ucsd>{{cite web| title =Stimulus Grant of Nearly $9 Million to UC San Diego Funds Big Study of Young Brains| work =UCSD News| url =http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/general/10-09ARRA.asp}}</ref><ref name=link>{{cite web| title =Anders Dale| work =LinkedIn| url =http://www.linkedin.com/pub/anders-dale/16/69a/463 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9heck9x60l9679j9xiq0n5ej7dgsezk 0 236473 1545900 2026-05-19T03:55:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ken Croswell''' ni [[mwanaastronomia]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]].Alipata Shahada yake ya kwanza, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], ilichanganya sayansi na masilahi mapana, alikuwa [[mwanafizikia]] mkuu na mwandishi wa fasihi ya Kiingereza ndogo. Pia alipata PhD katika [[astronomia]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] kwa ajili ya kusoma halo ya [[Milky Way]].<ref>Reviews of ''The Alchemy and the Heavens'': *...' 1545900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Croswell''' ni [[mwanaastronomia]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]].Alipata Shahada yake ya kwanza, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], ilichanganya sayansi na masilahi mapana, alikuwa [[mwanafizikia]] mkuu na mwandishi wa fasihi ya Kiingereza ndogo. Pia alipata PhD katika [[astronomia]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] kwa ajili ya kusoma halo ya [[Milky Way]].<ref>Reviews of ''The Alchemy and the Heavens'': * {{Cite web |last=Dembart |first=Lee |date=1995-06-06 |title=Unraveling the Mysteries of Our Galaxy |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-06-ls-9889-story.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} * {{Cite news |last=Gingerich |first=Owen |date=1995-05-07 |title=Starstruck |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/07/books/starstruck.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}} * {{Cite journal |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ken-croswell/the-alchemy-of-the-heavens/ |title=THE ALCHEMY OF THE HEAVENS: Searching for Meaning in the Milky Way |date=1995-03-01 |journal=Kirkus Reviews}} * {{Cite web |last=Muir |first=Hazel |title=Tales from the spiral galaxy |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14820055-600-tales-from-the-spiral-galaxy/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2u33x0kqmmpxjb199tdiovyn7x6d52q 1545952 1545900 2026-05-19T05:45:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1545952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Croswell''' ni [[mwanaastronomia]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]].Alipata Shahada yake ya kwanza, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], ilichanganya sayansi na masilahi mapana, alikuwa [[mwanafizikia]] mkuu na mwandishi wa fasihi ya Kiingereza ndogo. Pia alipata PhD katika [[astronomia]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] kwa ajili ya kusoma halo ya [[Milky Way]].<ref>Reviews of ''The Alchemy and the Heavens'': * {{Rejea tovuti |last=Dembart |first=Lee |date=1995-06-06 |title=Unraveling the Mysteries of Our Galaxy |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-06-ls-9889-story.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} * {{Rejea habari |last=Gingerich |first=Owen |date=1995-05-07 |title=Starstruck |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/07/books/starstruck.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}} * {{Rejea jarida |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/ken-croswell/the-alchemy-of-the-heavens/ |title=THE ALCHEMY OF THE HEAVENS: Searching for Meaning in the Milky Way |date=1995-03-01 |journal=Kirkus Reviews}} * {{Rejea tovuti |last=Muir |first=Hazel |title=Tales from the spiral galaxy |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14820055-600-tales-from-the-spiral-galaxy/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2bheomyq7qowzmv0f0vypg8c6lp4nvt 0 236474 1545901 2026-05-19T03:59:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alissa Susan Crans''' ni [[mwanahisabati]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[aljebra]] ya vipimo vya juu. Yeye ni profesa wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Loyola Marymount na mkurugenzi mwenza wa Project NExT, mpango wa Mathematical Association of America wa kushauri wanahisabati, madaktari, wanatakwimu, na walimu wa hisabati.<ref name="MAA Alder award">{{cite web | title=Henry L. Alder Award | website=Mathematical Association of America | url=https:...' 1545901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alissa Susan Crans''' ni [[mwanahisabati]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[aljebra]] ya vipimo vya juu. Yeye ni profesa wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Loyola Marymount na mkurugenzi mwenza wa Project NExT, mpango wa Mathematical Association of America wa kushauri wanahisabati, madaktari, wanatakwimu, na walimu wa hisabati.<ref name="MAA Alder award">{{cite web | title=Henry L. Alder Award | website=Mathematical Association of America | url=https://www.maa.org/programs-and-communities/member-communities/maa-awards/teaching-awards/henry-l-alder-award | access-date=2022-12-06 | archive-date=2021-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214005624/https://www.maa.org/programs-and-communities/member-communities/maa-awards/teaching-awards/henry-l-alder-award | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jr4gzavabt2i63xgzq7hzypi4yp1egi 0 236475 1545902 2026-05-19T04:03:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Graham Cooper''' ([[Juni 19]], [[1830]] – [[Julai 19]], [[1902]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] bingwa wa upasuaji na [[mwanasayansi]] wa asili nchini [[Marekani]]. Cooper alizaliwa [[New York]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika uchunguzi wa wanyamapori na historia ya asili ya magharibi mwa Marekani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1830]] Jamii:Waliofariki 1...' 1545902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Graham Cooper''' ([[Juni 19]], [[1830]] – [[Julai 19]], [[1902]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] bingwa wa upasuaji na [[mwanasayansi]] wa asili nchini [[Marekani]]. Cooper alizaliwa [[New York]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika uchunguzi wa wanyamapori na historia ya asili ya magharibi mwa Marekani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1830]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1902]] 6y7siisyb9b5ginq2qhhox648xrlhzi 1545903 1545902 2026-05-19T04:03:36Z Ally0111 85292 1545903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Graham Cooper''' ([[Juni 19]], [[1830]] – [[Julai 19]], [[1902]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] bingwa wa upasuaji na [[mwanasayansi]] wa asili nchini [[Marekani]]. Cooper alizaliwa [[New York]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika uchunguzi wa wanyamapori na historia ya asili ya magharibi mwa Marekani.<ref name="Emerson">{{cite journal|author-link=William Otto Emerson|last=Emerson|first=W. O.|title=[[s:The Condor/1 (1)/Dr. James G. Cooper|Dr. James G. Cooper]]|journal=Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club|year=1899|volume=1|issue=1}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1830]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1902]] qlpayrp6kzbzuvipi5wbu778e3p06pq 0 236476 1545905 2026-05-19T04:20:06Z Muddyb 379 Naendelea na orodha 1545905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deaths in month lead}} ==Januari 2026== ===1=== *[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref> *[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref> *[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref> *[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref> *[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref> *[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref> *[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref> *[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{in lang|he}}</ref> *[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref> *[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz] Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref> *[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref> *[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref> *[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref> *[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref> *[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref> *[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref> *[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref> *[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref> *[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref> *[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref> *[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref> *[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref> *[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref> *[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref> *[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref> *[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝！享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref> *[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87]</ref> *[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>[https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away]</ref> *[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref> *[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref> *[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref> *[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref> *[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref> *[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref> *[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref> *[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref> *[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref> *[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref> *[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref> *[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref> *[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref> *[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref> *[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref> *[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>[https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat]</ref> *[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref> *[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref> *[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref> *[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref> *[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref> *[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref> *[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref> *[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref> *[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref> *[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref> *[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref> *[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونه‌سازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref> *[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref> *[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref> *[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref> *[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref> *[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref> *[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref> *[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa. *[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref> *[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref> *[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref> *[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref> *[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref> *[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世，享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref> *[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref> *[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref> *[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref> *[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref> *[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref> *[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref> *[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref> *[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref> *[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref> *[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref> *[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref> *[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref> *[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref> *[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref> *[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref> *[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref> *[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref> *[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref> *[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}} *[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> *[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref> *[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref> *[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref> *[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref> *[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref> *[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref> *[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref> *[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref> *[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref> *[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref> *[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref> *[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref> *[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世，享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref> *[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>[https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam Andrew Carter - In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref> *[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref> *[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref> *[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref> *[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref> *[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref> *[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref> *[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref> *[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref> ===6=== *[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref> *[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref> *[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref> *[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref> *[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref> *[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref> *[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref> *[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref> *[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref> *[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref> *[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref> *[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] 17m7wk2gg3byf6mz8uzcquxifnzrkak 0 236477 1545907 2026-05-19T04:44:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alex Rackley''' (2 Juni 1949 – 20 Mei 1969)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahern |first1=J. F. |title=AR-69.05.22 |url=[http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522](http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522) |publisher=FBI Docs |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102742/http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522](https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102742/http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522) |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |location=New Haven, CT, Police Department |date=May 22, 1969 |url-status=d...' 1545907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Rackley''' (2 Juni 1949 – 20 Mei 1969)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahern |first1=J. F. |title=AR-69.05.22 |url=[http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522](http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522) |publisher=FBI Docs |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102742/http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522](https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102742/http://fbidocs.com/ar-690522) |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |location=New Haven, CT, Police Department |date=May 22, 1969 |url-status=dead}}</ref> alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Marekani]] na mwanachama wa tawi la New York la Black Panther Party (BPP) mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Mnamo Mei 1969, Rackley alishukiwa na wanachama wengine wa Black Panther kuwa alikuwa mtoa taarifa kwa polisi. Alipelekwa katika makao makuu ya kundi hilo huko [[New Haven, Connecticut]], ambako alifungwa na kuteswa kwa siku kadhaa. Baadaye alihukumiwa kuuawa na kupelekwa katika maeneo ya mabwawa ya Middlefield, Connecticut, ambako aliuawa. Mauaji yake yalikuwa kiini cha kesi maarufu za mwaka 1970 zilizojulikana kama New Haven Black Panther trials. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 9rxzrfnwdu9zux1w9e2ht8joenxt3r7 0 236478 1545908 2026-05-19T04:46:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sharon Marie Tate Polanski''' (24 Januari 1943 – 9 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mwigizaji na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alionekana katika matangazo ya biashara na majukumu madogo ya televisheni kabla ya kuanza kuigiza katika filamu na kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sharon Tate |last=Petruzzello |first=Melissa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=18 Januari 2023 |url=[https://www.brit...' 1545908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharon Marie Tate Polanski''' (24 Januari 1943 – 9 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mwigizaji na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alionekana katika matangazo ya biashara na majukumu madogo ya televisheni kabla ya kuanza kuigiza katika filamu na kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sharon Tate |last=Petruzzello |first=Melissa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=18 Januari 2023 |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate) |quote=vision series }}</ref> Baada ya kupata sifa nzuri kwa uigizaji wake wa vichekesho na drama, Tate alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa waigizaji wapya wenye matumaini makubwa zaidi Hollywood, na mara nyingi alilinganishwa kwa ubora na Marilyn Monroe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-muigizaji}} {{BD|1943|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] fg98cuj62hlkvoyymql3ufvi7ii036u 0 236479 1545913 2026-05-19T04:55:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Donegi Abena''' (amezaliwa 23 Februari 1998) ni mpiga kickboksi mwenye asili ya Kisurinamu na [[Kiholanzi]] anayeshindana katika uzani wa Light Heavyweight kwenye mashindano ya Glory. Aliwahi kuwa bingwa wa Glory Light Heavyweight.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Combat Press |title=GLORY 83 Results: Abena Earns TKO Over Maslobojev; Wins Title|url=[https://combatpress.com/2023/02/glory-83-results-abena-earns-tko-over-maslobojev-wins-title/|website=combatpress.com]...' 1545913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donegi Abena''' (amezaliwa 23 Februari 1998) ni mpiga kickboksi mwenye asili ya Kisurinamu na [[Kiholanzi]] anayeshindana katika uzani wa Light Heavyweight kwenye mashindano ya Glory. Aliwahi kuwa bingwa wa Glory Light Heavyweight.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Combat Press |title=GLORY 83 Results: Abena Earns TKO Over Maslobojev; Wins Title|url=[https://combatpress.com/2023/02/glory-83-results-abena-earns-tko-over-maslobojev-wins-title/|website=combatpress.com](https://combatpress.com/2023/02/glory-83-results-abena-earns-tko-over-maslobojev-wins-title/|website=combatpress.com) |access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1998|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] o71kyh23cvjeccnfyygh1rbbl7i06if 0 236480 1545919 2026-05-19T05:02:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernard Ackah''' (amezaliwa 9 Aprili 1972) ni mtaalamu wa [[taekwondo]], mpiganaji wa kickboxing, mpiganaji wa mixed martial arts na mchekeshaji kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. == Wasifu == === Historia ya sanaa za mapigano === Ackah alizaliwa mjini Bonn, Ujerumani akiwa na wazazi kutoka Ivory Coast, na alihamia Japani akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili. Alifanya mazoezi ya [[judo]] wakati wa masomo yake ya shule ya sekondari ya chini na ya juu. Mwaka 1998, alikwen...' 1545919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Ackah''' (amezaliwa 9 Aprili 1972) ni mtaalamu wa [[taekwondo]], mpiganaji wa kickboxing, mpiganaji wa mixed martial arts na mchekeshaji kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. == Wasifu == === Historia ya sanaa za mapigano === Ackah alizaliwa mjini Bonn, Ujerumani akiwa na wazazi kutoka Ivory Coast, na alihamia Japani akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili. Alifanya mazoezi ya [[judo]] wakati wa masomo yake ya shule ya sekondari ya chini na ya juu. Mwaka 1998, alikwenda [[South Korea]] ambako aliishi kwa miaka mitatu akijifunza [[taekwondo]] katika chuo maarufu cha Yonsei University.<ref name="JICA">[[http://www.jica.go.jp/story/interview/interview_45.html](http://www.jica.go.jp/story/interview/interview_45.html) JICA's interview] {{webarchive |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014832/http://www.jica.go.jp/story/interview/interview_45.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014832/http://www.jica.go.jp/story/interview/interview_45.html) |date=28 Septemba 2011 }}{{in lang|ja}} - [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r802napwrz7znwmn2l24aazf3qxjt2d 0 236481 1545923 2026-05-19T05:07:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Benjamin Adekunle Miron Adegbuyi''' (amezaliwa 24 Januari 1985) ni mpiga kickboksi na bondia wa kulipwa kutoka [[Romania]]. Amewahi kuwa mshindani wa mara mbili wa taji la Glory Heavyweight Championship na mshindi mara tatu wa mashindano ya uzani wa juu (*heavyweight tournament*). Adegbuyi pia alikuwa mshindi wa mashindano ya Superkombat World Grand Prix III mwaka 2012 na mshindi wa pili wa mashindano ya Glory Heavyweight Grand Prix mwaka 2018. Akiwa m...' 1545923 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Adekunle Miron Adegbuyi''' (amezaliwa 24 Januari 1985) ni mpiga kickboksi na bondia wa kulipwa kutoka [[Romania]]. Amewahi kuwa mshindani wa mara mbili wa taji la Glory Heavyweight Championship na mshindi mara tatu wa mashindano ya uzani wa juu (*heavyweight tournament*). Adegbuyi pia alikuwa mshindi wa mashindano ya Superkombat World Grand Prix III mwaka 2012 na mshindi wa pili wa mashindano ya Glory Heavyweight Grand Prix mwaka 2018. Akiwa mwanamichezo wa kulipwa tangu mwaka 2011, pia alipigana katika mashindano ya [[K-1]]. Kufikia tarehe 13 Desemba 2022, alikuwa katika nafasi ya tano kwenye viwango vya wapiganaji wa uzani wa juu vya Combat Press.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COMBAT PRESS KICKBOXING RANKINGS: DECEMBER 2022|url=[https://combatpress.com/2022/12/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-december-2022/|date=2022-12-13|website=www.combatpress.com|access-date=2023-01-01|archive-date=2022-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228140805/https://combatpress.com/2022/12/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-december-2022/|url-status=live}}](https://combatpress.com/2022/12/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-december-2022/|date=2022-12-13|website=www.combatpress.com|access-date=2023-01-01|archive-date=2022-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228140805/https://combatpress.com/2022/12/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-december-2022/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] 45xl6t1ucwknii5k9yu1g7mkcjxjhuc 0 236482 1545926 2026-05-19T05:13:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Aerts''' (amezaliwa 25 Oktoba 1970) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing kutoka [[Uholanzi]]. Alijulikana kwa mateke yake makali ya juu, yaliyompatia jina la utani “The Dutch Lumberjack”. Anachukuliwa sana kuwa mmoja wa wapiganaji bora kabisa wa heavyweight katika historia ya kickboxing.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.headkicklegend.com/2009/07/30/k1legendsaerts/|title=K-1](http://www.headkicklegend.com/2009/07/30/k1legendsaerts/|title=K-1) LEGE...' 1545926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Aerts''' (amezaliwa 25 Oktoba 1970) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing kutoka [[Uholanzi]]. Alijulikana kwa mateke yake makali ya juu, yaliyompatia jina la utani “The Dutch Lumberjack”. Anachukuliwa sana kuwa mmoja wa wapiganaji bora kabisa wa heavyweight katika historia ya kickboxing.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.headkicklegend.com/2009/07/30/k1legendsaerts/|title=K-1](http://www.headkicklegend.com/2009/07/30/k1legendsaerts/|title=K-1) LEGENDS: Peter Aerts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.centralkickboxing.org/Articles/bestheavyweighthighkickers.htm|title=Best](http://www.centralkickboxing.org/Articles/bestheavyweighthighkickers.htm|title=Best) Heavyweight High Kickers}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|title=Top](http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|title=Top) 10 K-1 Fighters of All-Time|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130826220242/http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|archive-date=2013-08-26}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20130826220242/http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|archive-date=2013-08-26}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jpbo20xy5eh2h39nku6sfbcl50jakic 0 236483 1545929 2026-05-19T05:16:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Omid Ahmadisafa''' (amezaliwa 24 Septemba 1992) ni mpiga kickboksi kutoka [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye aliwahi kushindania Timu ya Taifa ya Kickboxing ya Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|title=امید احمدی‌صفا|url= [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری](https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری) تسنیم...' 1545929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omid Ahmadisafa''' (amezaliwa 24 Septemba 1992) ni mpiga kickboksi kutoka [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye aliwahi kushindania Timu ya Taifa ya Kickboxing ya Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|title=امید احمدی‌صفا|url= [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری](https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری) تسنیم|language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.borna.news/tags/امید_احمدی_صفا](https://www.borna.news/tags/امید_احمدی_صفا) |title=مراسم بدرقه قهرمان کیک بوکسینگ البرز برگزار شد+تصاویر |work=Borna News |access-date=7 February 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=امید احمدی صفا: چه جوونایی که پرپر شدن، می‌تونی ببینی و بغض نکنی رفیق |url=[https://www.iranintl.com/202210318061](https://www.iranintl.com/202210318061) |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=ایران اینترنشنال |language=fa}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 3uauk73h1y1mf209o2oalqnal81j9xv 1545995 1545929 2026-05-19T07:15:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1545995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omid Ahmadisafa''' (amezaliwa 24 Septemba 1992) ni mpiga kickboksi kutoka [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye aliwahi kushindania Timu ya Taifa ya Kickboxing ya Iran.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=امید احمدی‌صفا|url= [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری](https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/keyword/3491/امید-احمدی-صفا|access-date=2023-02-07|website=خبرگزاری) تسنیم|language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.borna.news/tags/امید_احمدی_صفا](https://www.borna.news/tags/امید_احمدی_صفا) |title=مراسم بدرقه قهرمان کیک بوکسینگ البرز برگزار شد+تصاویر |work=Borna News |access-date=7 February 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=امید احمدی صفا: چه جوونایی که پرپر شدن، می‌تونی ببینی و بغض نکنی رفیق |url=[https://www.iranintl.com/202210318061](https://www.iranintl.com/202210318061) |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=ایران اینترنشنال |language=fa}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] bmmjjhugntkhqimroz2s8nj1ittw3x8 0 236484 1545930 2026-05-19T05:22:27Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mhamed Yazid''' (1923–2003) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa uhuru na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Alizaliwa Blida mwaka 1923. Alijiunga na chama cha utaifa cha Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) mwaka 1942, na baadaye alipohamia Paris, Ufaransa kwa masomo ya chuo kikuu, alijiunga na chama mrithi wake cha MTLD ambapo alikuwa mwanachama wa kamati kuu. Mwaka 1948 alikamatwa na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka miwili gerezani kwa “kubeba nyaraka zinazotiliwa shaka.” Akiwa gerezani, aliongoza migomo ya kula.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meeting with Mohammad Yazid, Special Representative of the President of Algeria Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella, 11:03AM {{!}} JFK Library|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/jfkwhp-1963-11-08-c|work=www.jfklibrary.org|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] 56zqn0g0dbtl6mf4xw24griyuv2wg5i 1545975 1545930 2026-05-19T06:29:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mhamed Yazid''' (1923–2003) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa uhuru na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Alizaliwa Blida mwaka 1923. Alijiunga na chama cha utaifa cha Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) mwaka 1942, na baadaye alipohamia Paris, Ufaransa kwa masomo ya chuo kikuu, alijiunga na chama mrithi wake cha MTLD ambapo alikuwa mwanachama wa kamati kuu. Mwaka 1948 alikamatwa na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka miwili gerezani kwa “kubeba nyaraka zinazotiliwa shaka.” Akiwa gerezani, aliongoza migomo ya kula.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meeting with Mohammad Yazid, Special Representative of the President of Algeria Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella, 11:03AM {{!}} JFK Library|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/jfkwhp-1963-11-08-c|work=www.jfklibrary.org|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] esr7reke0ghpoxq64rgmd64zl617x7g 0 236485 1545931 2026-05-19T05:23:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Veejaye Agathe''' (amezaliwa 15 Mei 1983) ni Mmauritius anayejihusisha na mchezo wa kickboxing kutoka kisiwa cha Rodrigues. Alishinda ubingwa wa dunia wa mwaka 2013 katika uzani wa kilo −81 kwenye mashindano ya Senior World Championships yaliyoandaliwa na World Association of Kickboxing Organisations (W.A.K.O) katika mitindo ya low kick na K-1, yaliyofanyika mjini Guarujá, jimbo la São Paulo, [[Brazil]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=[http://w...' 1545931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Veejaye Agathe''' (amezaliwa 15 Mei 1983) ni Mmauritius anayejihusisha na mchezo wa kickboxing kutoka kisiwa cha Rodrigues. Alishinda ubingwa wa dunia wa mwaka 2013 katika uzani wa kilo −81 kwenye mashindano ya Senior World Championships yaliyoandaliwa na World Association of Kickboxing Organisations (W.A.K.O) katika mitindo ya low kick na K-1, yaliyofanyika mjini Guarujá, jimbo la São Paulo, [[Brazil]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=[http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c](http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c) |title=WAKO World Championships - The Final Show J.Veejaye Agathe against Michal Maczka A close fight but finally Agathe was awarded as World Champion. |access-date=2014-08-24 |archive-date=2014-08-26 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113745/http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c](https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113745/http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Mauritania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l1dj0lc654s2n9yxxulh4g0q8ai7yri 1545938 1545931 2026-05-19T05:31:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Veejaye Agathe''' (amezaliwa 15 Mei 1983) ni Mmauritius anayejihusisha na mchezo wa kickboxing kutoka kisiwa cha Rodrigues. Alishinda ubingwa wa dunia wa mwaka 2013 katika uzani wa kilo −81 kwenye mashindano ya Senior World Championships yaliyoandaliwa na World Association of Kickboxing Organisations (W.A.K.O) katika mitindo ya low kick na K-1, yaliyofanyika mjini Guarujá, jimbo la São Paulo, [[Brazil]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |url=[http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c](http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c) |title=WAKO World Championships - The Final Show J.Veejaye Agathe against Michal Maczka A close fight but finally Agathe was awarded as World Champion. |access-date=2014-08-24 |archive-date=2014-08-26 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113745/http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c](https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113745/http://www.wakoweb.com/en/article/wako-world-championships-the-final-show/b0c66ec5-0fed-404a-93e7-78c496335e8c) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Mauritania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1v0u70dqtjpy9gqhri1bci6xkn1y0ac 0 236486 1545932 2026-05-19T05:23:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrew Yan-Tak Ng''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 18]], [[1976]]) ni [[Mwanasayansi wa Mahesabu ya Kompyuta|mwanasayansi wa kompyuta]] na [[mjasiriamali]] katika teknolojia mwenye uraia wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Marekani]] akizingatia ujifunzaji wa mashine (machine learning) na [[Akili mnemba|akili ya mnemba]] (AI)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6310614/andrew-ng/ |title=Andrew Ng |website=[[Time Magazine]] |date=September 7, 2023 |access...' 1545932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Yan-Tak Ng''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 18]], [[1976]]) ni [[Mwanasayansi wa Mahesabu ya Kompyuta|mwanasayansi wa kompyuta]] na [[mjasiriamali]] katika teknolojia mwenye uraia wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Marekani]] akizingatia ujifunzaji wa mashine (machine learning) na [[Akili mnemba|akili ya mnemba]] (AI)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6310614/andrew-ng/ |title=Andrew Ng |website=[[Time Magazine]] |date=September 7, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref>. Ng alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na mkuu wa Google Brain na alikuwa Mwanasayansi Mkuu wa zamani wa Baidu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/daphne-koller-and-andrew-ng.html |title=CNBC Next List: Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng |date=October 6, 2014 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/22/business/baidu-artificial-intelligence-andrew-ng.html|title=A.I. Expert at Baidu, Andrew Ng, Resigns From Chinese Search Giant |last=Mozur|first=Paul|date=March 22, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 17, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1kaer7xfmmpn9zr1oeojnamru8tvb2h 0 236487 1545934 2026-05-19T05:28:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph (Joe) Schieser Nelson''' ([[Aprili 12]], [[1937]] – [[Agosti 9]], [[2011]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa samaki (ichthyologist) nchini [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa kitabu ''Fishes of the World'' (toleo lake la kwanza [[1976]], toleo la nne [[2006]]), ambalo ni marejeo ya kawaida katika sistematiki ya samaki na mabadiliko yake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museums.ualberta.ca/en/AboutUs/News/2011/08/JosephNelsonTaughttheWorldaboutFish.aspx |title=...' 1545934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph (Joe) Schieser Nelson''' ([[Aprili 12]], [[1937]] – [[Agosti 9]], [[2011]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa samaki (ichthyologist) nchini [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa kitabu ''Fishes of the World'' (toleo lake la kwanza [[1976]], toleo la nne [[2006]]), ambalo ni marejeo ya kawaida katika sistematiki ya samaki na mabadiliko yake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museums.ualberta.ca/en/AboutUs/News/2011/08/JosephNelsonTaughttheWorldaboutFish.aspx |title=Joseph Nelson Taught the World about Fish |author=Lana Cuthbertson |date=August 15, 2011 |publisher=University of Alberta Museums |access-date=19 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903200817/http://www.museums.ualberta.ca/en/AboutUs/News/2011/08/JosephNelsonTaughttheWorldaboutFish.aspx |archive-date=3 September 2012 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] gfhdtbizhifcp1kbi98u90j82fubljl 0 236488 1545935 2026-05-19T05:28:52Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vitali Akhramenko''' [[Kibelarusi]]: ''Віталь Ахраменка''; amezaliwa 22 Novemba 1977) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) kutoka [[Belarus]] na bingwa wa zamani wa dunia wa Muay Thai. Alifundishwa na Andrei Gridin na anapigania klabu ya Chinuk Gym mjini Minsk, Belarus. Alianza kushiriki katika mashindano ya K-1 mwaka 2001 kwenye K-1 Czech Grand Prix 2001 huko Prague dhidi ya Takeru.<ref name="www.k-1sport.de/en/">{{C...' 1545935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitali Akhramenko''' [[Kibelarusi]]: ''Віталь Ахраменка''; amezaliwa 22 Novemba 1977) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) kutoka [[Belarus]] na bingwa wa zamani wa dunia wa Muay Thai. Alifundishwa na Andrei Gridin na anapigania klabu ya Chinuk Gym mjini Minsk, Belarus. Alianza kushiriki katika mashindano ya K-1 mwaka 2001 kwenye K-1 Czech Grand Prix 2001 huko Prague dhidi ya Takeru.<ref name="www.k-1sport.de/en/">{{Cite web|url=[http://k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=86|title=Fighter's](http://k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=86|title=Fighter's) profile - Vitali Akhramenko | K-1sport.de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Belarus]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fsuetjsrvxaj2e0zjvixbpfq8000dks 1546018 1545935 2026-05-19T08:08:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitali Akhramenko''' [[Kibelarusi]]: ''Віталь Ахраменка''; amezaliwa 22 Novemba 1977) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) kutoka [[Belarus]] na bingwa wa zamani wa dunia wa Muay Thai. Alifundishwa na Andrei Gridin na anapigania klabu ya Chinuk Gym mjini Minsk, Belarus. Alianza kushiriki katika mashindano ya K-1 mwaka 2001 kwenye K-1 Czech Grand Prix 2001 huko Prague dhidi ya Takeru.<ref name="www.k-1sport.de/en/">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=86|title=Fighter's](http://k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=86|title=Fighter's) profile - Vitali Akhramenko | K-1sport.de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Belarus]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0ln2rh9cok4b0exh6smd22eoke9cees 0 236489 1545936 2026-05-19T05:29:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Zeghdar''' (amezaliwa 17 Aprili 1966 huko Algiers) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Viwanda kuanzia 2021 hadi 2023. Pia alikuwa mbunge katika People’s National Assembly kuanzia 2017 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Zeghdar, nouveau ministre de l'Industrie, prend ses fonctions|url=https://www.aps.dz/economie/124696-ahmed-zeghdar-nouveau-ministre-de-l-industrie-prend-ses-fonctions|work=www.aps.dz|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=fr-fr|author=Algérie Presse Service}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kr4pfgrnobdefkw9tcv5acacs9epqyb 0 236490 1545939 2026-05-19T05:32:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Akebono Tarō''' (曙 太郎), alizaliwa kama Chadwick Haheo Rowan (8 Mei 1969 – 6 Aprili 2024)<ref>{{cite magazine |title=元横綱曙の亡くなられた日付について (''Moto-yokozuna Akebono no naku narareta hizuke ni tsuite'') |language=Japanese |magazine=相撲 (Sumō) |publisher=BBM Sports |publication-date=4 July 2024 |volume=73 |issue=10 |page=62}}</ref> alikuwa mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa [[sumo]] na pia mpambanaji wa mieleka ya kulipwa ku...' 1545939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akebono Tarō''' (曙 太郎), alizaliwa kama Chadwick Haheo Rowan (8 Mei 1969 – 6 Aprili 2024)<ref>{{cite magazine |title=元横綱曙の亡くなられた日付について (''Moto-yokozuna Akebono no naku narareta hizuke ni tsuite'') |language=Japanese |magazine=相撲 (Sumō) |publisher=BBM Sports |publication-date=4 July 2024 |volume=73 |issue=10 |page=62}}</ref> alikuwa mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa [[sumo]] na pia mpambanaji wa mieleka ya kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi zaidi nchini Japani. Alizaliwa katika Waimānalo, Hawaii. Aliingia katika sumo nchini Japani mwaka 1988, ambapo alifundishwa na mpambanaji wa Kihawai aliyeheshimika Takamiyama. Alipanda kwa kasi katika viwango vya sumo na kufikia daraja la juu kabisa (top division) mwaka 1990. Baada ya kushinda mashindano mawili mfululizo (*yūshō*) mwezi Novemba 1992 na Januari 1993, aliweka historia kwa kuwa mpambanaji wa kwanza asiyezaliwa Japani kufikia cheo cha juu kabisa cha yokozuna, ambacho ni cheo cha juu zaidi katika sumo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1969|2024}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] 6e77s6fd9acamhi1spjyyck3yh2brgi 0 236491 1545940 2026-05-19T05:33:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maureen E. Neitz''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa maono nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye utafiti wake unajumuisha kazi juu ya maono ya rangi na upofu wa rangi na kuzuia matatizo ya ufupi wa macho. Anashikilia uenyekiti wa Ray H. Hill katika ophtalmolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Neitz|first1=Maureen|title=Color vision defects|date=2010|work=Ocular Disease|pages=478–485|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-2983-7|last2=Neitz|first2=Jay|...' 1545940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maureen E. Neitz''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa maono nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye utafiti wake unajumuisha kazi juu ya maono ya rangi na upofu wa rangi na kuzuia matatizo ya ufupi wa macho. Anashikilia uenyekiti wa Ray H. Hill katika ophtalmolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Neitz|first1=Maureen|title=Color vision defects|date=2010|work=Ocular Disease|pages=478–485|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-2983-7|last2=Neitz|first2=Jay|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-2983-7.00062-0}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hnqgl2wvitcpyg1vxfr6omed6b9i5m9 0 236492 1545943 2026-05-19T05:37:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Divya Nag''' (alizaliwa [[1991]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] katika teknolojia ya viumbe na [[mwanabiolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] katika magonjwa ya moyo . Tangu [[2014]], aliajiriwa na Apple Health, na kufikia [[2016]] alihusika kama kiongozi wa timu katika Miradi Maalumu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Magagnini|first=Stephen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Sacramento Area Science Wunderkind Gets National Recognition|work = [[The Sacramento Bee]] | url=https:/...' 1545943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Divya Nag''' (alizaliwa [[1991]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] katika teknolojia ya viumbe na [[mwanabiolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] katika magonjwa ya moyo . Tangu [[2014]], aliajiriwa na Apple Health, na kufikia [[2016]] alihusika kama kiongozi wa timu katika Miradi Maalumu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Magagnini|first=Stephen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Sacramento Area Science Wunderkind Gets National Recognition|work = [[The Sacramento Bee]] | url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2590787.html| access-date = 2025-12-04 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7gkz109gva4qiq6pnr8g3rbig0kr8g4 1546207 1545943 2026-05-19T11:51:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Divya Nag''' (alizaliwa [[1991]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] katika teknolojia ya viumbe na [[mwanabiolojia]] nchini [[Marekani]] katika magonjwa ya moyo . Tangu [[2014]], aliajiriwa na Apple Health, na kufikia [[2016]] alihusika kama kiongozi wa timu katika Miradi Maalumu.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Magagnini|first=Stephen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Sacramento Area Science Wunderkind Gets National Recognition|work = [[The Sacramento Bee]] | url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2590787.html| access-date = 2025-12-04 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sd85c93fockvuv27xgqp3785lpz9pyf 0 236493 1545944 2026-05-19T05:37:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belkacem Zeghmati''' (amezaliwa 2 Januari 1957) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria na Mlinzi wa Mihuri (Keeper of the Seals) kuanzia 2019 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le ministre de la Justice Belkacem Zeghmati prend ses fonctions|url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/92800-le-ministre-de-la-justice-belkacem-zeghmati-prend-ses-fonctions|work=www.aps.dz|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=fr-fr|author=Feriel Arab}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 90oje73rr6d56bhn5wke7js2376t520 0 236494 1545946 2026-05-19T05:37:55Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dennis Alexio''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Dennis Raymond Dick'''; 12 Machi 1959) ni mpiganaji wa zamani wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] katika mchezo wa kickboxing na pia mwigizaji. Alishindana katika uzani wa light heavyweight, cruiserweight na heavyweight]. Alianza kazi yake mwaka 1980 akiwa light heavyweight na alijipatia mfululizo mrefu wa ushindi kwa knockout bila kupoteza pambano kwa muda mrefu, kabla ya kushindwa kwa pointi na Don "The Dragon" W...' 1545946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dennis Alexio''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Dennis Raymond Dick'''; 12 Machi 1959) ni mpiganaji wa zamani wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] katika mchezo wa kickboxing na pia mwigizaji. Alishindana katika uzani wa light heavyweight, cruiserweight na heavyweight]. Alianza kazi yake mwaka 1980 akiwa light heavyweight na alijipatia mfululizo mrefu wa ushindi kwa knockout bila kupoteza pambano kwa muda mrefu, kabla ya kushindwa kwa pointi na Don "The Dragon" Wilson katika pambano la ubingwa wa dunia wa World Kickboxing Association (WKA) la Super Light Heavyweight Full Contact mwaka 1984. Baada ya hapo, alishinda ubingwa wa dunia wa uzani wa light heavyweight wa Professional Karate Association (PKA) mwaka huo huo. Baadaye alipanda uzani hadi cruiserweight na kushinda ubingwa wa dunia wa Full Contact wa International Sport Karate Association (ISKA).<ref name="The rise and fall">[[https://www.dailyrepublic.com/lifestyle/local-lifestyle-columnists/back-in-the-day-the-rise-and-fall-of-vacaville-kickboxing-world-champion-dennis-alexio/article_430f908e-e4fb-5e51-bea1-31f5b82a366a.html](https://www.dailyrepublic.com/lifestyle/local-lifestyle-columnists/back-in-the-day-the-rise-and-fall-of-vacaville-kickboxing-world-champion-dennis-alexio/article_430f908e-e4fb-5e51-bea1-31f5b82a366a.html) The rise and fall of Vacaville kickboxing world champion Dennis Alexio] Tony Wade, ''[[Daily Republic]]'' (October 25, 2019)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r7o1brzp2i5wp4ed55bxi07b43e9kur 0 236495 1545948 2026-05-19T05:39:26Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Naeye''' ni [[mwandishi]] katika sekta ya sayansi nchini [[Marekani]] na mhariri wa zamani wa jarida. Alikuwa akichapisha kuhusu mada mbalimbali za sayansi ya anga na [[astronomia]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.robertnaeye.com/|title=Home|website=Robertnaeye.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/about-us/robert-naeye/|title=Robert Naeye|website=Skyandtelescope.org|date=July 18, 2006}}</ref> == Mar...' 1545948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Naeye''' ni [[mwandishi]] katika sekta ya sayansi nchini [[Marekani]] na mhariri wa zamani wa jarida. Alikuwa akichapisha kuhusu mada mbalimbali za sayansi ya anga na [[astronomia]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.robertnaeye.com/|title=Home|website=Robertnaeye.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/about-us/robert-naeye/|title=Robert Naeye|website=Skyandtelescope.org|date=July 18, 2006}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] puw294jfgcytc2ceygvhmahv6wwanat 1546003 1545948 2026-05-19T07:32:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1546003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Naeye''' ni [[mwandishi]] katika sekta ya sayansi nchini [[Marekani]] na mhariri wa zamani wa jarida. Alikuwa akichapisha kuhusu mada mbalimbali za sayansi ya anga na [[astronomia]].<ref name="auto1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.robertnaeye.com/|title=Home|website=Robertnaeye.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/about-us/robert-naeye/|title=Robert Naeye|website=Skyandtelescope.org|date=July 18, 2006}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6al3im21ler1d6s10smaptz42wmq2pr 0 236496 1545949 2026-05-19T05:41:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Joris Paul Alizier''' (amezaliwa 20 Juni 1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/profile-enfusion-live-mallorca-12-07-2014-thomas-alisier/|title=Profile](http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/profile-enfusion-live-mallorca-12-07-2014-thomas-alisier/|title=Profile) Enfusion Live, Mallorca 12.07.2014 THOMAS ALISIER|work=enfusion-tv.com}}</ref> ni mpiganaji wa [[Kifaransa]] wa Muay Thai na kickboksi anayeshindana katika uzani wa cruiserw...' 1545949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Joris Paul Alizier''' (amezaliwa 20 Juni 1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/profile-enfusion-live-mallorca-12-07-2014-thomas-alisier/|title=Profile](http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/profile-enfusion-live-mallorca-12-07-2014-thomas-alisier/|title=Profile) Enfusion Live, Mallorca 12.07.2014 THOMAS ALISIER|work=enfusion-tv.com}}</ref> ni mpiganaji wa [[Kifaransa]] wa Muay Thai na kickboksi anayeshindana katika uzani wa cruiserweight na heavyweight. Alizier alianza kujifunza Muay Thai na baadaye akajipatia umaarufu kupitia mafanikio yake katika mashindano ya kiwango cha juu, akishinda ubingwa mmoja wa Ulaya na mataji mawili ya dunia, pamoja na medali nyingine mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://fr.muaythaitv.com/boxeurs/thomas-alizier-f2105.html|title=Thomas](http://fr.muaythaitv.com/boxeurs/thomas-alizier-f2105.html|title=Thomas) ALIZIER|work=muaythaitv.com}}</ref> Baada ya mafanikio hayo, aligeuka kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa na mwaka 2015 alisaini mkataba na SUPERKOMBAT Fighting Championship baada ya kuwa bingwa wa Ulaya wa ISKA katika uzani wa Heavyweight chini ya sheria za K-1.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://fr.muaythaitv.com/news/thomas-alizier-champion-d-europe-iska-n4030.html|title=Thomas](http://fr.muaythaitv.com/news/thomas-alizier-champion-d-europe-iska-n4030.html|title=Thomas) ALIZIER champion d'Europe ISKA|work=muaythaitv.com}}</ref> Pia amewahi kushindana katika ligi ya Enfusion.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/results-20-enfusion-live-mallorca/|title=Results](http://www.enfusion-tv.com/live/results-20-enfusion-live-mallorca/|title=Results) #20 Enfusion Live, Mallorca - Enfusion-live.com -|work=enfusion-tv.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 48sp0p5vmyorffi52dogf260ezvl7mq 0 236497 1545951 2026-05-19T05:44:55Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Zerguini''' (30 Januari 1922 – 21 Juni 2001) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Alihudumu kama Rais wa Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Algeria kuanzia 1968 hadi 1983, na mwaka 1974 akawa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Olimpiki (IOC). Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Posta na Mawasiliano kuanzia 23 Aprili 1977 hadi 15 Julai 1980 katika serikali za Boumédiène IV na Abdelghani I.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Olympedia – Mohamed Zerguini|url=http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/899412|work=www.olympedia.org|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] e0dckfqyb9rjgdleyq97wbk8ip48cai 1545979 1545951 2026-05-19T06:39:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Zerguini''' (30 Januari 1922 – 21 Juni 2001) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Alihudumu kama Rais wa Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Algeria kuanzia 1968 hadi 1983, na mwaka 1974 akawa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Olimpiki (IOC). Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Posta na Mawasiliano kuanzia 23 Aprili 1977 hadi 15 Julai 1980 katika serikali za Boumédiène IV na Abdelghani I.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Olympedia – Mohamed Zerguini|url=http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/899412|work=www.olympedia.org|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] 7s9zvmrmkr2zpo7va4031y0nde8sys6 0 236498 1545953 2026-05-19T05:45:41Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hiromi Amada''' ( amezaliwa 10 Mei 1973) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) na pia bondia wa [[boxing]] kutoka Gunma, [[Japani|Japan]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wapiganaji wakuu wa uzani wa juu katika ligi ya K-1 kati ya mwaka 1999 hadi 2007, ambapo kampuni hiyo ilimchukulia kama mmoja wa wapiganaji wake bora wa Kijapani, akifuata Musashi kwa kiwango.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=h&country=...' 1545953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hiromi Amada''' ( amezaliwa 10 Mei 1973) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) na pia bondia wa [[boxing]] kutoka Gunma, [[Japani|Japan]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wapiganaji wakuu wa uzani wa juu katika ligi ya K-1 kati ya mwaka 1999 hadi 2007, ambapo kampuni hiyo ilimchukulia kama mmoja wa wapiganaji wake bora wa Kijapani, akifuata Musashi kwa kiwango.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=h&country=Japan&weight=&weight2=&index=amada|title=Rekodi](http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=h&country=Japan&weight=&weight2=&index=amada|title=Rekodi) za mpiganaji wa K-1|publisher=K-1.co.jp}}</ref> Pia alikuwa bingwa wa kwanza wa uzani wa juu wa HEAT Heavyweight Kickboxing Champion, na alishinda wapiganaji mashuhuri kama Freddy Kemayo, Makoto Uehara, na Rene Rooze.<ref>[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412023957/http://www.k-1.co.jp/profile/a_amada.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20080412023957/http://www.k-1.co.jp/profile/a_amada.html) K-1 Profile]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g6hwiiqkomhze1wqfqryrrz4l98mdem 0 236499 1545954 2026-05-19T05:48:48Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nouria Yamina Zerhouni''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa gavana wa Mkoa wa Boumerdès kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN praises Algeria for appointing seven female ministers - Region - World|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/100803/World/Region/UN-praises-Algeria-for-appointing-seven-female-min.aspx|work=Ahram Online|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k7wyytgl4eo4kinas13dp9am7s1h05c 1545992 1545954 2026-05-19T07:12:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1545992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nouria Yamina Zerhouni''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa gavana wa Mkoa wa Boumerdès kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UN praises Algeria for appointing seven female ministers - Region - World|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/100803/World/Region/UN-praises-Algeria-for-appointing-seven-female-min.aspx|work=Ahram Online|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] if5ftf7i0itjomvfaxhiafxb4nt6m8b 0 236500 1545955 2026-05-19T05:50:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pacome Assi''' (amezaliwa 25 Februari 1981) ni mpiganaji wa kickboksi mwenye uraia wa [[Kodivaa|Ivory Coast]] na Ufaransa, na aliwahi kuwa Bingwa wa Ulaya wa Kickboxing. Alianza kushindana katika ngazi ya kimataifa na mwaka 2009 alifanya mwanzo wake katika mashindano ya K-1 kwenye tukio la K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Lodz.<ref>[http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/fighter/pacome_assi.htm{{Dead](http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/fighter/pacome_assi.htm{{Dead) link|date...' 1545955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pacome Assi''' (amezaliwa 25 Februari 1981) ni mpiganaji wa kickboksi mwenye uraia wa [[Kodivaa|Ivory Coast]] na Ufaransa, na aliwahi kuwa Bingwa wa Ulaya wa Kickboxing. Alianza kushindana katika ngazi ya kimataifa na mwaka 2009 alifanya mwanzo wake katika mashindano ya K-1 kwenye tukio la K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Lodz.<ref>[http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/fighter/pacome_assi.htm{{Dead](http://www.k-1.co.jp/k-1gp/fighter/pacome_assi.htm{{Dead) link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Fighter profile at K-1</ref> Pia alishiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kimataifa ambapo alifanya vizuri na kufika hatua za juu, ikiwa ni pamoja na fainali katika baadhi ya michuano ya Ulaya.<ref>[[http://www.lesinfosdufight.com/quitusisa-prend-leurope-jorge-impressionne-17376/](http://www.lesinfosdufight.com/quitusisa-prend-leurope-jorge-impressionne-17376/) QUITUSISA prend l'EUROPE, JORGE impressionne] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234252/http://www.lesinfosdufight.com/quitusisa-prend-leurope-jorge-impressionne-17376/](https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234252/http://www.lesinfosdufight.com/quitusisa-prend-leurope-jorge-impressionne-17376/) |date=2013-12-02 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ivory Coast]] exwz0lukhm6p6i2p70jezd1lntosjw4 0 236501 1545960 2026-05-19T05:53:52Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Murat Aygün''' (amezaliwa 13 Desemba 1988) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa [[Kituruki]]-[[Kiholanzi]], anayeshindana katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight) katika ligi ya Glory. Kufikia Februari 2022, alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya 6 katika viwango vya wapiganaji wa uzani wa juu kulingana na Combat Press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: February 2022 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2022/02/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-february-2022/](ht...' 1545960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murat Aygün''' (amezaliwa 13 Desemba 1988) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa [[Kituruki]]-[[Kiholanzi]], anayeshindana katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight) katika ligi ya Glory. Kufikia Februari 2022, alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya 6 katika viwango vya wapiganaji wa uzani wa juu kulingana na Combat Press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: February 2022 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2022/02/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-february-2022/](https://combatpress.com/2022/02/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-february-2022/) |website=combatpress.com |date=8 Februari 2022}}</ref> Tangu Machi 2019, Combat Press imekuwa ikimweka ndani ya kumi bora wa uzani wa juu duniani.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aittama |first1=Zach |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: March 2019 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2019/03/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-march-2019/](https://combatpress.com/2019/03/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-march-2019/) |website=combatpress.com |access-date=30 Julai 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o2jyf17i2v4cxich35g969xxwuuvw3x 0 236502 1545962 2026-05-19T06:02:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545962 wikitext text/x-wiki Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni (5 Septemba 1937 – 18 Desemba 2020) alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Alizaliwa Tunis. Mwaka 2000 alilazwa hospitalini mjini Algiers kutokana na hali ya kiafya ambayo haikuwekwa wazi hadharani. Alifariki mjini Algiers tarehe 18 Desemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni, Minister of State for Interior and Local Governments of Algeria|url=http://ourworldleaders.com/Algeria/Noureddine+Yazid/ZERHOUNI|work=ourworldleaders.com|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] 7ckhek3tb3iudvjscq7rhf62nts035l 1545963 1545962 2026-05-19T06:03:55Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni''' (5 Septemba 1937 – 18 Desemba 2020) alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Alizaliwa Tunis. Mwaka 2000 alilazwa hospitalini mjini Algiers kutokana na hali ya kiafya ambayo haikuwekwa wazi hadharani. Alifariki mjini Algiers tarehe 18 Desemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni, Minister of State for Interior and Local Governments of Algeria|url=http://ourworldleaders.com/Algeria/Noureddine+Yazid/ZERHOUNI|work=ourworldleaders.com|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] b5xbxjmrsmbl33huhkh5zqotpzqpehc 1546026 1545963 2026-05-19T08:17:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni''' (5 Septemba 1937 – 18 Desemba 2020) alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]]. Alizaliwa Tunis. Mwaka 2000 alilazwa hospitalini mjini Algiers kutokana na hali ya kiafya ambayo haikuwekwa wazi hadharani. Alifariki mjini Algiers tarehe 18 Desemba 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni, Minister of State for Interior and Local Governments of Algeria|url=http://ourworldleaders.com/Algeria/Noureddine+Yazid/ZERHOUNI|work=ourworldleaders.com|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] fvx6or0rcpley8uthm0u92sj93d5llk 0 236503 1545964 2026-05-19T06:06:53Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ben Attou Ziane''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] kutoka chama cha Future Front.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Algeria: Ben Attou takes over as energy transition minister {{!}} African Energy|url=https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/algeria-ben-attou-takes-over-energy-transition-minister|work=www.africa-energy.com|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> Tangu 7 Julai 2021, amekuwa Waziri wa Mpito wa Nishati na Nishati Jadidifu katika serikali ya Aymen Benabderrahmane. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] my02ubgigrju5go1spvk1jzvx6smlds 0 236504 1545967 2026-05-19T06:09:48Z Gayle157 73366 Created 1545967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mji wa San Marino''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[San Marino|Jamhuri ya San Marino]], taifa dogo lililoko [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] na linalozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino |title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Iko kwenye miteremko ya Mlima Titano na hutumika kama kituo cha kisiasa na kiutawala cha nchi. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Licha ya udogo wake, mji huu una umuhimu mkubwa wa kihistoria, kitamaduni, na kiutawala, na pia ni kivutio muhimu cha utalii kutokana na usanifu wake wa enzi za kati na mandhari ya kuvutia ya mashambani ya Italia inayouzunguka. ==Historia== Mji wa San Marino unaanzia kwenye msingi wa jadi wa jamhuri mwaka [[301 BK]] ulioanzishwa na Mtakatifu Marinus, ambaye alianzisha makazi madogo ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History|title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Baada ya muda, makazi hayo yalibadilika na kuwa mji wa ngome wa enzi za kati na baadaye kuwa kitovu cha [[San Marino|Jamhuri huru ya San Marino]]. Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, mji ulipanuka kuzunguka miundombinu ya ulinzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na minara na kuta zake maarufu zilizojengwa kujilinda dhidi ya mashambulizi ya nje. Katika karne nyingi za mabadiliko ya kisiasa barani [[Ulaya]], mji uliendelea kudumisha uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na sera ya kutounga upande wowote. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Majengo yake mengi ya kihistoria kama ''Palazzo Pubblico'' na Minara Mitatu bado yamehifadhiwa kama alama za uhuru wake wa muda mrefu. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> == Demografia == Kufikia mwaka 2025, manispaa (castello) ya Mji wa San Marino una idadi ya wakazi takriban 4,158, ikiwa ni manispaa ya tatu kwa ukubwa nchini humo na inawakilisha takriban 12.2% ya jumla ya idadi ya watu wa kitaifa wa San Marino ya 34,172. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/sanmarino/ |title=San Marino: Municipalities & Major Places - Population Statistics |website=citypopulation.de |publisher=City Population |date=2025 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Manispaa hii ina eneo la kilomita za mraba 7.09, hivyo kuwa na msongamano wa watu wa takriban 586 kwa kilomita ya mraba. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino"/> Idadi kubwa ya watu ni Wasanmarino wa asili, wanaounda 82.4% ya idadi ya watu wa nchi nzima, pamoja na wachache wa Kiitaliano. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#people-and-society |title=San Marino - World Factbook: People and Society |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] na inayotumika zaidi, huku lahaja ya Kisanmarino (aina ya Romagnol) pia ikitumika kijadi. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino"/> Kwa sababu ya hadhi ya mji huu kama kitovu cha utawala cha taifa dogo, muundo wa idadi ya watu ni thabiti na unahusisha pia wafanyakazi na watumishi wa umma wanaosafiri kutoka manispaa jirani na maeneo ya Italia. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People"/> ==Uchumi== Uchumi wa Mji wa San Marino unahusiana kwa karibu na uchumi wa taifa kwa ujumla, ambao unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[utalii]], [[fedha]], na viwanda vidogo. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Utalii]] ni chanzo kikuu cha uchumi, huku wageni wakivutiwa na usanifu wa enzi za kati, maeneo ya kihistoria, na hadhi ya mji huu kama mji mkuu wa mojawapo ya jamhuri za kale zaidi duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> Mji pia unafaidika na huduma za benki na fedha, biashara ya rejareja, na viwanda vya sanaa kama keramik, kazi za mikono, na zawadi. Ukaribu wake na Italia unawezesha biashara ya mipakani na ajira, hivyo kuufanya kuwa sehemu iliyounganishwa kiuchumi na eneo jirani huku ikihifadhi utambulisho wake wa kiutawala. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:San Marino]] iledixg03y9tzueckp6nzexk5mto93b 1545969 1545967 2026-05-19T06:14:23Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[File:San Marino panorama.jpg]] 1545969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:San Marino panorama.jpg|thumb|Mji wa San Marino]] '''Mji wa San Marino''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[San Marino|Jamhuri ya San Marino]], taifa dogo lililoko [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] na linalozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino |title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Iko kwenye miteremko ya Mlima Titano na hutumika kama kituo cha kisiasa na kiutawala cha nchi. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Licha ya udogo wake, mji huu una umuhimu mkubwa wa kihistoria, kitamaduni, na kiutawala, na pia ni kivutio muhimu cha utalii kutokana na usanifu wake wa enzi za kati na mandhari ya kuvutia ya mashambani ya Italia inayouzunguka. ==Historia== Mji wa San Marino unaanzia kwenye msingi wa jadi wa jamhuri mwaka [[301 BK]] ulioanzishwa na Mtakatifu Marinus, ambaye alianzisha makazi madogo ya kidini katika [[Mlima Titano]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History|title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Baada ya muda, makazi hayo yalibadilika na kuwa mji wa ngome wa enzi za kati na baadaye kuwa kitovu cha [[San Marino|Jamhuri huru ya San Marino]]. Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, mji ulipanuka kuzunguka miundombinu ya ulinzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na minara na kuta zake maarufu zilizojengwa kujilinda dhidi ya mashambulizi ya nje. Katika karne nyingi za mabadiliko ya kisiasa barani [[Ulaya]], mji uliendelea kudumisha uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na sera ya kutounga upande wowote. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Majengo yake mengi ya kihistoria kama ''Palazzo Pubblico'' na Minara Mitatu bado yamehifadhiwa kama alama za uhuru wake wa muda mrefu. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> == Demografia == Kufikia mwaka 2025, manispaa (castello) ya Mji wa San Marino una idadi ya wakazi takriban 4,158, ikiwa ni manispaa ya tatu kwa ukubwa nchini humo na inawakilisha takriban 12.2% ya jumla ya idadi ya watu wa kitaifa wa San Marino ya 34,172. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/sanmarino/ |title=San Marino: Municipalities & Major Places - Population Statistics |website=citypopulation.de |publisher=City Population |date=2025 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Manispaa hii ina eneo la kilomita za mraba 7.09, hivyo kuwa na msongamano wa watu wa takriban 586 kwa kilomita ya mraba. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino"/> Idadi kubwa ya watu ni Wasanmarino wa asili, wanaounda 82.4% ya idadi ya watu wa nchi nzima, pamoja na wachache wa Kiitaliano. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#people-and-society |title=San Marino - World Factbook: People and Society |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] na inayotumika zaidi, huku lahaja ya Kisanmarino (aina ya Romagnol) pia ikitumika kijadi. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino"/> Kwa sababu ya hadhi ya mji huu kama kitovu cha utawala cha taifa dogo, muundo wa idadi ya watu ni thabiti na unahusisha pia wafanyakazi na watumishi wa umma wanaosafiri kutoka manispaa jirani na maeneo ya Italia. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People"/> ==Uchumi== Uchumi wa Mji wa San Marino unahusiana kwa karibu na uchumi wa taifa kwa ujumla, ambao unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[utalii]], [[fedha]], na viwanda vidogo. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Utalii]] ni chanzo kikuu cha uchumi, huku wageni wakivutiwa na usanifu wa enzi za kati, maeneo ya kihistoria, na hadhi ya mji huu kama mji mkuu wa mojawapo ya jamhuri za kale zaidi duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> Mji pia unafaidika na huduma za benki na fedha, biashara ya rejareja, na viwanda vya sanaa kama keramik, kazi za mikono, na zawadi. Ukaribu wake na Italia unawezesha biashara ya mipakani na ajira, hivyo kuufanya kuwa sehemu iliyounganishwa kiuchumi na eneo jirani huku ikihifadhi utambulisho wake wa kiutawala. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:San Marino]] liajzrlnxfgz2wu1dlgaalzj0y6ep2h 1546136 1545969 2026-05-19T10:07:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:San Marino panorama.jpg|thumb|Mji wa San Marino]] '''Mji wa San Marino''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[San Marino|Jamhuri ya San Marino]], taifa dogo lililoko [[Ulaya ya Kusini|kusini mwa Ulaya]] na linalozungukwa kabisa na [[Italia]]. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino |title=San Marino: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Iko kwenye miteremko ya [[Mlima Titano]] na hutumika kama kituo cha kisiasa na kiutawala cha nchi. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245 |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Licha ya udogo wake, mji huu una umuhimu mkubwa wa kihistoria, kitamaduni, na kiutawala, na pia ni kivutio muhimu cha [[utalii]] kutokana na usanifu wake wa [[Enzi ya kati|Karne za kati]] na mandhari ya kuvutia ya mashamba ya Italia inayouzunguka. ==Historia== Mji wa San Marino unaanzia kwenye msingi wa jadi wa jamhuri mwaka [[301]] [[BK]] ulioanzishwa na [[Marino shemasi|Mtakatifu Marino]], ambaye alianzisha makazi madogo ya kitawa katika Mlima Titano. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino/History|title=History of San Marino |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Baada ya muda, makazi hayo yalibadilika na kuwa mji wa ngome wa enzi za kati na baadaye kuwa kitovu cha [[San Marino|Jamhuri huru ya San Marino]]. Wakati wa Enzi za Kati, mji ulipanuka kuzunguka miundombinu ya ulinzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na minara na kuta zake maarufu zilizojengwa kujilinda dhidi ya mashambulizi ya nje. Katika karne nyingi za mabadiliko ya kisiasa barani [[Ulaya]], mji uliendelea kudumisha uhuru wake kupitia diplomasia na sera ya kutounga upande wowote. <ref name="BBC_San_Marino_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17842338 |title=San Marino country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Majengo yake mengi ya kihistoria kama ''Palazzo Pubblico'' na Minara Mitatu bado yamehifadhiwa kama alama za uhuru wake wa muda mrefu. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> == Demografia == Kufikia mwaka 2025, manispaa (castello) ya Mji wa San Marino una idadi ya wakazi takriban 4,158, ikiwa ni manispaa ya tatu kwa ukubwa nchini humo na inawakilisha takriban 12.2% ya jumla ya idadi ya watu wa San Marino ya 34,172. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino">{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/sanmarino/ |title=San Marino: Municipalities & Major Places - Population Statistics |website=citypopulation.de |publisher=City Population |date=2025 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> Manispaa hii ina eneo la kilomita za mraba 7.09, hivyo kuwa na msongamano wa watu wa takriban 586 kwa kilomita ya mraba. <ref name="CityPop_San_Marino"/> Idadi kubwa ya watu ni Wasanmarino wa asili, wanaounda 82.4% ya idadi ya watu wa nchi nzima, pamoja na wachache raia wa Italia. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#people-and-society |title=San Marino - World Factbook: People and Society |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kiitalia]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] na inayotumika zaidi, huku lahaja ya Kisanmarino (aina ya Kiemilia-Romagna) pia ikitumika kijadi. <ref name="Britannica_San_Marino"/> Kwa sababu ya hadhi ya mji huu kama kitovu cha utawala cha taifa dogo, muundo wa idadi ya watu ni thabiti na unahusisha pia wafanyakazi na watumishi wa umma wanaosafiri kutoka manispaa jirani na maeneo ya Italia. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_People"/> ==Uchumi== Uchumi wa Mji wa San Marino unahusiana kwa karibu na uchumi wa taifa kwa ujumla, ambao unategemea zaidi sekta za [[huduma]], [[utalii]], [[fedha]], na viwanda vidogo. <ref name="WFB_San_Marino_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/#economy |title=San Marino - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 19, 2026 }} </ref> [[Utalii]] ni chanzo kikuu cha uchumi, huku wageni wakivutiwa na usanifu wa enzi za kati, maeneo ya kihistoria, na hadhi ya mji huu kama mji mkuu wa mojawapo ya jamhuri za kale zaidi duniani. <ref name="UNESCO_San_Marino_Centre"/> Mji pia unafaidika na huduma za benki na fedha, biashara ya rejareja, na viwanda vya sanaa kama vigae, kazi za mikono, na zawadi. Ukaribu wake na Italia unawezesha biashara ya mipakani na ajira, hivyo kuufanya kuwa sehemu iliyounganishwa kiuchumi na eneo jirani huku ikihifadhi utambulisho wake wa kiutawala. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Ulaya|S]] [[Jamii:San Marino]] 59j3mwjjk2pe5qyhbtcmoa9izgb19f8 0 236505 1545968 2026-05-19T06:10:56Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tayeb Zitouni''' (24 Septemba 1956 – 3 Novemba 2025) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Moudjahidine (Mashujaa wa Vita) na Wenye Haki kuanzia 2014 hadi 2021. Alifariki tarehe 3 Novemba 2025 akiwa na umri wa miaka 69.<ref>{{Cite web|title=وزير المجاهدين الأسبق الطيب زيتوني في ذمّة الله|url=https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A/|work=النهار أونلاين|date=2025-11-03|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=ar-DZ|author=أسماء}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] tuebv7kh7ten08eldbhghpfuxpqq1nv 1546014 1545968 2026-05-19T07:52:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tayeb Zitouni''' (24 Septemba 1956 – 3 Novemba 2025) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Moudjahidine (Mashujaa wa Vita) na Wenye Haki kuanzia 2014 hadi 2021. Alifariki tarehe 3 Novemba 2025 akiwa na umri wa miaka 69.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=وزير المجاهدين الأسبق الطيب زيتوني في ذمّة الله|url=https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A/|work=النهار أونلاين|date=2025-11-03|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=ar-DZ|author=أسماء}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] 2zj09cb2ws5nhr4d0nkrnoay2s9800h 0 236506 1545972 2026-05-19T06:26:03Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvia Gonaone Makgone''' (born September 6, 1963, in Aminuis) is a Namibian politician and teacher who served as a deputy minister of urban and rural development. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} fsnbx2mfqzwlgm3apt1emvjh86uzm1w 1545976 1545972 2026-05-19T06:33:23Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvia Gonaone Makgone''' (amezaliwa 6 Septemba 1963 huko Aminuis) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Namibia]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Mijini na Vijijini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Makgone, Sylvia|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/makgone-sylvia/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] e4rpps51f34664izremaxd90w80tiez 1546012 1545976 2026-05-19T07:43:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvia Gonaone Makgone''' (amezaliwa 6 Septemba 1963 huko Aminuis) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Namibia]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Mijini na Vijijini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Makgone, Sylvia|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/makgone-sylvia/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] qzwcpspcuaoxudolguvfbxg9v36x056 0 236507 1545977 2026-05-19T06:37:48Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Malima''' (amezaliwa 9 Julai 1946) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Namibia. Aliwahi kuwa mkuu wa shirika la ujasusi la Namibia Central Intelligence Service kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2020. Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Mawaziri la Namibia tangu Machi 1990, na amehudumu kama waziri katika wizara mbalimbali tangu uhuru wa Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former RDP elections chief sues ex-intelligence boss over N$7m|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/former-rdp-elections-chief-sues-ex-intelligence-boss-over-n7m/|work=The Namibian|date=2023-08-10|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=Sonja Smith}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1ijmab082y82986y827vaw9j2hvzb4h 1546000 1545977 2026-05-19T07:24:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546000 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Malima''' (amezaliwa 9 Julai 1946) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Namibia. Aliwahi kuwa mkuu wa shirika la ujasusi la Namibia Central Intelligence Service kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2020. Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Mawaziri la Namibia tangu Machi 1990, na amehudumu kama waziri katika wizara mbalimbali tangu uhuru wa Namibia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Former RDP elections chief sues ex-intelligence boss over N$7m|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/former-rdp-elections-chief-sues-ex-intelligence-boss-over-n7m/|work=The Namibian|date=2023-08-10|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=Sonja Smith}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 77ftmv1gauclzrxjp5qcfv5zry3mi9y 0 236508 1545980 2026-05-19T06:43:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexia Turimei Manombe-Ncube''' (amezaliwa 7 Desemba 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Disability council did not come on silver platter|url=https://neweralive.na/in/posts/disability-council-did-not-come-on-silver-platter|work=Truth, for its own sake.|language=in|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Masuala ya Ulemavu kuanzia 21 Machi 2015 hadi 21 Machi 2025. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} kbrqaghrikcunfnuie8i4o7nojcry3c 1545981 1545980 2026-05-19T06:46:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexia Turimei Manombe-Ncube''' (amezaliwa 7 Desemba 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Disability council did not come on silver platter|url=https://neweralive.na/in/posts/disability-council-did-not-come-on-silver-platter|work=Truth, for its own sake.|language=in|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Masuala ya Ulemavu kuanzia 21 Machi 2015 hadi 21 Machi 2025. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ieurzuy9t7oxuz7zxklvh7qqwshkwdq 0 236509 1545984 2026-05-19T06:50:04Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Masake''' (amezaliwa 19 Desemba 1979), anayejulikana pia kama Ruthy Masake, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agriculture deputy minister urges results-driven planning – Windhoek Observer|url=https://observer24.com.na/agriculture-deputy-minister-urges-results-driven-planning/|work=observer24.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] nbuqmfhq4x3d0ushnva6c6d5cfvosqm 1546005 1545984 2026-05-19T07:34:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Masake''' (amezaliwa 19 Desemba 1979), anayejulikana pia kama Ruthy Masake, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Agriculture deputy minister urges results-driven planning – Windhoek Observer|url=https://observer24.com.na/agriculture-deputy-minister-urges-results-driven-planning/|work=observer24.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] fq63iyicfl8v8bspr930zj0rge9qg97 0 236510 1545985 2026-05-19T06:53:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Matjila''' (amezaliwa 1932) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) na alishiriki katika Serikali ya Mpito ya Umoja wa Kitaifa kuanzia 1985 hadi 1989, ambapo aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Elimu na Rasilimali Watu. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Katiba la Namibia na baadaye Bunge la kwanza la Taifa la Namibia akiwa na DTA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Following their fathers' footsteps: Diergaardt and Matjila join RP {{!}} nbc|url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/108038|work=www.nbcnews.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aq3wdnscmzol1cgv2msoy2pvpqhohqz 0 236511 1545988 2026-05-19T07:05:43Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennely Matundu''' (amezaliwa 24 Novemba 1981 huko Otjerunda, Opuwo katika Mkoa wa Kunene) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Tangu mwaka 2025, anahudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Mahusiano ya Kimataifa na Biashara, pamoja na Naibu Waziri wa Mahusiano na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa. Pia ni mbunge wa muhula wake wa pili katika Bunge la 8 la Namibia, baada ya kuhudumu pia katika Bunge la 7. Ameshiriki katika kuimarisha sera za mambo ya nje za Namibia kupitia mahusiano ya nchi mbili, kikanda na kimataifa, ikiwemo uhusiano na Misri, India, Sweden, Ujerumani na Umoja wa Ulaya. Pia ameonyesha uungaji mkono kwa watu wa Sahrawi wa Sahara Magharibi na Wapalestina katika juhudi zao za kujitawala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matundu suggests climate change paradigm shift|url=https://www.africa-press.net/namibia/all-news/matundu-suggests-climate-change-paradigm-shift|work=Namibia|date=2023-07-25|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=cfeditoren}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] c86rdw953fpt9ar0x4v7q1t0iagw9vz 0 236512 1545997 2026-05-19T07:20:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1545997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asser Mbai''' (amezaliwa 1950 huko Otjiwarongo) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Rais wa National Unity Democratic Organization (NUDO) kuanzia 2014 hadi 2019. Amekuwa pia mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia tangu 2005, baada ya kuchukua nafasi ya uongozi wa NUDO kufuatia kifo cha Kuaima Riruako tarehe 2 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Era|url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=7309|work=www.newera.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gr7r514ob5vpl8537jkml8tsgvf33ph 0 236513 1546002 2026-05-19T07:27:17Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marlyn Mbakera''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mbakera, Marlyn|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/mbakera-marlyn/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia. Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa diwani wa Jimbo la Otjiwarongo katika Mkoa wa Otjozondjupa, na pia alihudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mkoa wa Otjozondjupa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9yny9fynzwt1rczh7s99bhrh7nq4s6y 0 236514 1546008 2026-05-19T07:38:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Kaveto Mbambo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]], [[mwanatheolojia]], mwanahistoria na msomi kutoka Namibia. Aliwahi kuwa gavana wa Mkoa wa Kavango, na baada ya mgawanyiko wake kuwa Kavango West na Kavango East, pia alihudumu katika maeneo hayo mapya. Pia alihudumu kama Balozi wa Namibia nchini Urusi na kama Kamishna Mkuu wa Namibia nchini India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Список руководителей дипломатических и консульских представительств зарубежных государств в России|url=http://www.mid.ru/nsite-sv.nsf/mnsdoc/10.02.03|work=www.mid.ru|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m01uh6tmepn3j030qdnr4a2n6ocntkm 0 236515 1546011 2026-05-19T07:42:50Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Festus Mbandeka''' ni mwanasheria na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Namibia katika baraza la mawaziri la kipindi cha pili cha Hage Geingob tarehe 21 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central bank Governor appointed finance minister - Informanté|url=https://informante.web.na/central-bank-governor-appointed-finance-minister/|work=informante.web.na|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 029j7gdti6l1gyfkppj0dsv0fd0vaa8 0 236516 1546015 2026-05-19T07:59:13Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gottlob Hengombe Mbaukua''' (amezaliwa 1935) alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Utendaji ya Hereroland. Alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo kuanzia Agosti 1987 hadi Oktoba 1987, na tena kuanzia Februari 1988 hadi Mei 1989. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa mwakilishi mkuu wa eneo hilo (bantustan) kwa utawala wa ubaguzi wa rangi wa Afrika Kusini huko South-West Africa. Kamati hizo za utendaji zilifutwa Mei 1989 kama sehemu ya mpito kuelekea uhuru wa Namibia, ambao ulitangazwa rasmi Machi 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibian Homelands|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Namibia_homelands.html|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ta536di15kndu9jrlkp5s81qxo0iy0q 0 236517 1546017 2026-05-19T08:06:27Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamutuwa Rosa Mbinge-Tjeundo''' (amezaliwa 15 Julai 1972) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha Popular Democratic Movement (PDM). Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia baada ya kuchaguliwa katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mbinge, Kamutuwa Rosa|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/mbinge-kamutuwa-rosa/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Opuwo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2n6bmux4sl4pudxwbzh06uhzqdthr0g 0 236518 1546020 2026-05-19T08:09:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mkalama]] hadi [[Mkalama (Gairo)]] 1546020 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mkalama (Gairo)]] jmumig3kbzxhg87x9107ze6y3saaowp 1546024 1546020 2026-05-19T08:14:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Removed redirect to [[Mkalama (Gairo)]] 1546024 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Wilaya ya Mkalama]] - Singida * [[Mkalama (Gairo)]] - Kata [[Wilaya ya Gairo]], [[Morogoro]] {{maana}} l6pmke0uqiivpk5099nby1w2dc74q11 1546038 1546024 2026-05-19T08:39:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mkalama''' ni [[jina]] la: * [[Wilaya ya Mkalama]], [[mkoa wa Singida]] * [[Mkalama (Gairo)]], [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Gairo]], [[mkoa wa Morogoro]] {{maana}} 0dzss7nezdo7zsxgnd71xnuvqejov6j 0 236519 1546023 2026-05-19T08:13:35Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaire Mbuende''' (amezaliwa 28 Novemba 1953) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Namibia. Aliwahi kuwa Balozi wa Namibia katika Umoja wa Mataifa kuanzia Agosti 2006 hadi Desemba 2010. Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa ngazi za juu wa chama tawala SWAPO tangu 1972, na alihudumu kama afisa wa habari mjini Lusaka, Zambia. Kati ya 2016 na 2020, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Namibia katika Umoja wa Ulaya, Ubelgiji na Luxembourg.<ref>{{Citation|title=Geingob reshuffles diplomatic pack|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/geingob-reshuffles-diplomatic-pack|work=Truth, for its own sake.|language=en|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1ic7fh6qyb46xfvflp2xx32qx26xbd8 0 236520 1546027 2026-05-19T08:20:56Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hafiz Bakhshaliyev''' (1 Aprili 1980, Nakhchivan, Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Azabajani) ni mwanariadha wa [[Azerbaijan]] na bingwa wa Ulaya na Dunia katika kickboxing. Ni bingwa wa zamani mara tatu wa uzito wa juu wa “low kick” wa World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO).<ref name="helo">{{cite web|url=[http://atv.az/news/sport/62686-hafiz-baxseliyev-londonda-fexri-qonaq-qisminde-idmanciya-kemeri-teqdim-etdi|title=Hafiz](http://atv.az/news...' 1546027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hafiz Bakhshaliyev''' (1 Aprili 1980, Nakhchivan, Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Azabajani) ni mwanariadha wa [[Azerbaijan]] na bingwa wa Ulaya na Dunia katika kickboxing. Ni bingwa wa zamani mara tatu wa uzito wa juu wa “low kick” wa World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO).<ref name="helo">{{cite web|url=[http://atv.az/news/sport/62686-hafiz-baxseliyev-londonda-fexri-qonaq-qisminde-idmanciya-kemeri-teqdim-etdi|title=Hafiz](http://atv.az/news/sport/62686-hafiz-baxseliyev-londonda-fexri-qonaq-qisminde-idmanciya-kemeri-teqdim-etdi|title=Hafiz) Baxşəliyev Londonda fəxri qonaq qismində idmançıya kəməri təqdim etdi|date=11 Machi 2016|website=atv.az|access-date=19 Novemba 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/811918.html](https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/811918.html) |title=Wanamasumbwi wa Azerbaijan wameanza mashindano ya dunia |date=20 Septemba 2005 |website=az.trend.az |access-date=20 Novemba 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Azerbaijan]] ar6awqtq8dwwrf7k7zeco75ljbc5pbk 0 236521 1546028 2026-05-19T08:23:12Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucia Jaturirua Mbuti''' (amezaliwa 18 Desemba 1972) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha Independent Patriots for Change (IPC). Katika Bunge la Namibia, yeye ni mwanachama anayehudumu kwa sasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPC seeks clarity on child protection laws|url=https://www.africa-press.net/namibia/all-news/ipc-seeks-clarity-on-child-protection-laws|work=Namibia|date=2025-09-22|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=cfeditoren}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a3ujcti1ad7la6fy2fjch9dcp06a3nr 0 236522 1546029 2026-05-19T08:26:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pat Barry''' (amezaliwa 7 Julai 1979) ni mshambuliaji wa zamani wa [[Marekani]] katika michezo mchanganyiko ya mapigano (MMA) na kickboxing aliyewahi kushindana katika uzito wa juu ndani ya Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Anajulikana zaidi kwa umahiri wake katika mateke ya chini (''low kicks'').<ref>[[https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1061088-most-vicious-leg-kicks-in-mma](https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1061088-most-vicious-leg-kicks-in-mma...' 1546029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pat Barry''' (amezaliwa 7 Julai 1979) ni mshambuliaji wa zamani wa [[Marekani]] katika michezo mchanganyiko ya mapigano (MMA) na kickboxing aliyewahi kushindana katika uzito wa juu ndani ya Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Anajulikana zaidi kwa umahiri wake katika mateke ya chini (''low kicks'').<ref>[[https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1061088-most-vicious-leg-kicks-in-mma](https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1061088-most-vicious-leg-kicks-in-mma) “Most Vicious Leg Kicks in MMA”], Bleacherreport.com; ilifikiriwa 27 Mei 2017.</ref><ref>[[https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1425184-4-ufc-fighters-with-punishing-leg-kicks](https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1425184-4-ufc-fighters-with-punishing-leg-kicks) “4 UFC Fighters with Punishing Leg Kicks”], Bleacherreport.com; ilifikiriwa 27 Mei 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] oob0hm4z7sngx6jngablo2r4e3astyd 0 236523 1546030 2026-05-19T08:28:56Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Mbwale''' (amezaliwa 31 Oktoba 1966) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia na pia anahudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Usawa wa Kijinsia na Ustawi wa Watoto katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Namibia. Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Ruacana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Minister Emma Kantema and Deputy Linda Mbwale Outline Strategic Vision for Gender Equality and Child Welfare|url=https://namibiatoday.com/minister-emma-kantema-and-deputy-linda-mbwale-outline-strategic-vision-for-gender-equality-and-child-welfare/|work=Namibia Today|date=2025-03-26|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en|author=Editor}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] 5jy6dwnurk24mc6i5qb1i2uyj0mc3ne 0 236524 1546031 2026-05-19T08:31:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Moisés Baute Curbelo''' (amezaliwa 29 Agosti 1984) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alikuwa bingwa wa zamani wa uzani wa juu wa Enfusion (Enfusion heavyweight champion).<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion World Champions |url=[https://enfusionlive.com/fighters/enfusion-world-champions/](https://enfusionlive.com/fighters/enfusion-world-champions/) |website=enfusionlive.com |accessdate=18 Juni 2020}}</ref> Baute...' 1546031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moisés Baute Curbelo''' (amezaliwa 29 Agosti 1984) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa uzani wa juu (heavyweight) kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alikuwa bingwa wa zamani wa uzani wa juu wa Enfusion (Enfusion heavyweight champion).<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion World Champions |url=[https://enfusionlive.com/fighters/enfusion-world-champions/](https://enfusionlive.com/fighters/enfusion-world-champions/) |website=enfusionlive.com |accessdate=18 Juni 2020}}</ref> Baute pia aliwahi kushindana katika ligi ya SUPERKOMBAT Fighting Championship, ambako alifika hatua ya kuwania ubingwa mara mbili. == Kazi ya kickboxing == Baute alipigana katika tukio la Enfusion 7, ambapo alikutana na mpiganaji wa Ureno Luis Morais.<ref>{{cite web |title=ENFUSION LIVE TENERIFE on July 13th |url=[https://muaythaitv.fr/news/enfusion-live-tenerife-on-july-13th-n3249.html](https://muaythaitv.fr/news/enfusion-live-tenerife-on-july-13th-n3249.html) |website=muaythaitv.fr |accessdate=27 Agosti 2020}}</ref> Baute alishinda pambano hilo kwa knockout. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r3c1cki6biu8an0b5kz4wjpqhe304la 0 236525 1546033 2026-05-19T08:35:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nidal Bchiri''' (amezaliwa 3 Oktoba 1991) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa [[Uholanzi]] na [[Moroko|Morocco]]. Aliwahi kuwa Bingwa wa Uzito wa Juu wa Enfusion, na kwa sasa anashindana katika kitengo cha uzito wa juu ndani ya GLORY. Kufikia Januari 2026, alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya 6 duniani katika uzito wa juu kwa mujibu wa viwango vya Beyond Kickboxing, na nafasi ya 8 kwa mujibu wa Combat Press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beyond Kickboxing Rankings January 202...' 1546033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nidal Bchiri''' (amezaliwa 3 Oktoba 1991) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa [[Uholanzi]] na [[Moroko|Morocco]]. Aliwahi kuwa Bingwa wa Uzito wa Juu wa Enfusion, na kwa sasa anashindana katika kitengo cha uzito wa juu ndani ya GLORY. Kufikia Januari 2026, alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya 6 duniani katika uzito wa juu kwa mujibu wa viwango vya Beyond Kickboxing, na nafasi ya 8 kwa mujibu wa Combat Press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beyond Kickboxing Rankings January 2026 |url=[https://beyondkick.com/rankings/2026-1/](https://beyondkick.com/rankings/2026-1/) |website=beyondkick.com |access-date=22 Januari 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuhl |first1=Dan |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: Januari 2026 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2026/01/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-january-2026/](https://combatpress.com/2026/01/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-january-2026/) |website=combatpress.com |access-date=22 Januari 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] rv0zhptymnxx9y33hocolcnxm6ef10e 1546137 1546033 2026-05-19T10:08:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nidal Bchiri''' (amezaliwa 3 Oktoba 1991) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing wa [[Uholanzi]] na [[Moroko]]. Aliwahi kuwa Bingwa wa Uzito wa Juu wa Enfusion, na kwa sasa anashindana katika kitengo cha uzito wa juu ndani ya GLORY. Kufikia Januari 2026, alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya 6 duniani katika uzito wa juu kwa mujibu wa viwango vya Beyond Kickboxing, na nafasi ya 8 kwa mujibu wa Combat Press.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beyond Kickboxing Rankings January 2026 |url=[https://beyondkick.com/rankings/2026-1/](https://beyondkick.com/rankings/2026-1/) |website=beyondkick.com |access-date=22 Januari 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuhl |first1=Dan |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: Januari 2026 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2026/01/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-january-2026/](https://combatpress.com/2026/01/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-january-2026/) |website=combatpress.com |access-date=22 Januari 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Moroko]] c57o4iel1w5oeuzofthyhq93g59jgze 0 236526 1546036 2026-05-19T08:39:19Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Veendapi McLeod-Katjirua''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Gavana wa Mkoa wa Khomas kuanzia 2012 hadi 28 Machi 2025, na pia amekuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa SWAPO tangu 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=the Namibian: Moderates prevail|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2012/december/article/moderates-prevail/|work=www.namibian.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19|author=Intertech.com.na}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Gavana wa Mkoa wa Omaheke kuanzia 2001 hadi 2012. Baada ya kuchaguliwa kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa SWAPO tarehe 2 Desemba 2012, alihamishwa kwenda Mkoa wa Khomas na Rais Hifikepunye Pohamba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Era - A devoted mother and astute politician|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/48706/A-devoted-mother-and-astute-politician|work=www.newera.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19|author=Omalaeti Technologies, Namibia, www.omalaetiit.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fnw144v2eik54c2bhao70k0aibgjcm7 0 236527 1546037 2026-05-19T08:39:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jamal Ben Saddik''' (amezaliwa 3 Oktoba 1990) ni mpiganaji wa kulipwa wa kickboxing kutoka [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Moroko]].<ref>{{cite web | url=[https://www.brusselstimes.com/344050/antwerp-bans-opening-of-gym-owned-by-famous-kickboxer](https://www.brusselstimes.com/344050/antwerp-bans-opening-of-gym-owned-by-famous-kickboxer) | title=Antwerp bans opening of gym owned by famous kickboxer }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://nltimes.nl/2024/03/10/rico-verh...' 1546037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamal Ben Saddik''' (amezaliwa 3 Oktoba 1990) ni mpiganaji wa kulipwa wa kickboxing kutoka [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Moroko]].<ref>{{cite web | url=[https://www.brusselstimes.com/344050/antwerp-bans-opening-of-gym-owned-by-famous-kickboxer](https://www.brusselstimes.com/344050/antwerp-bans-opening-of-gym-owned-by-famous-kickboxer) | title=Antwerp bans opening of gym owned by famous kickboxer }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://nltimes.nl/2024/03/10/rico-verhoeven-wins-kickboxing-tournament](https://nltimes.nl/2024/03/10/rico-verhoeven-wins-kickboxing-tournament) | title=Rico Verhoeven wins again in kickboxing tournament | NL Times | date=10 Machi 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://glorykickboxing.com/news/glory-redemption-countdown-jamal-ben-saddik-highlight](https://glorykickboxing.com/news/glory-redemption-countdown-jamal-ben-saddik-highlight) | title=GLORY Redemption Countdown: Jamal Ben Saddik Highlight }}</ref> Alikuwa mshindani mara mbili wa ubingwa wa uzani wa juu wa Glory Heavyweight Championship, na pia mshindi wa mashindano ya Glory Heavyweight Grand Prix ya mwaka 2018. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j5svnu4d9zz3w97uh155yhv1wpr4dwq 0 236528 1546039 2026-05-19T08:43:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agnes Littlejohn''' (25 Septemba 1865 – 27 Desemba 1944) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka nchi ya Australia. == Maisha == Agnes Littlejohn alizaliwa mjini [[Paddington, New South Wales|Paddington]], New South Wales mnamo tarehe 25 Septemba 1865.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 1865|title=Family Notices|volume=LII|page=1|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|issue=8537|location=New South Wales, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31125463|...' 1546039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes Littlejohn''' (25 Septemba 1865 – 27 Desemba 1944) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka nchi ya Australia. == Maisha == Agnes Littlejohn alizaliwa mjini [[Paddington, New South Wales|Paddington]], New South Wales mnamo tarehe 25 Septemba 1865.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 1865|title=Family Notices|volume=LII|page=1|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|issue=8537|location=New South Wales, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31125463|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref> Baba yake mwenye asili ya Uskoti, Thomas Littlejohn (alifariki 1906), na mke wake Ann Austin Littlejohn (jina la kuzaliwa Orsmond huko Tahiti) walihamia Australia mnamo mwaka 1864.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 January 1906|title=Topics for the Block|volume=LXXX|page=46|newspaper=[[The Australasian]]|issue=2078|location=Victoria, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139191403|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}}{{BD|1865|1944}} g5mjkk211r01sxavthojcvdeli7n61o 0 236529 1546040 2026-05-19T08:43:47Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Shawn Bernardo''' (28 Julai 1969 – 14 Februari 2012) alikuwa mpiganaji wa kickboxing na ndondi kutoka Cape Town, Afrika Kusini. Bernardo alijulikana kwa jina la utani '''Beru-chan''' nchini Japani, ambako alishiriki katika mashindano ya K-1 World Grand Prix tangu mwaka 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=&country=South%20Africa&weight=&weight2=&index=bernardo|title=K-1](http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player...' 1546040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Shawn Bernardo''' (28 Julai 1969 – 14 Februari 2012) alikuwa mpiganaji wa kickboxing na ndondi kutoka Cape Town, Afrika Kusini. Bernardo alijulikana kwa jina la utani '''Beru-chan''' nchini Japani, ambako alishiriki katika mashindano ya K-1 World Grand Prix tangu mwaka 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=&country=South%20Africa&weight=&weight2=&index=bernardo|title=K-1](http://www.k-1.co.jp/en/fighter/player.php?SO=&country=South%20Africa&weight=&weight2=&index=bernardo|title=K-1) fighter profile}}{{Dead link|date=Julai 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1969|2012}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika Kusini]] csyb9tg1gcvjdt023u3t55s0o6ozcuh 0 236530 1546042 2026-05-19T08:47:07Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Moongo''' (11 Aprili 1943 – 10 Machi 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) na aliwahi kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Namibia tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=404 Error - Namibia Institute for Democracy|url=https://www.nid.org.na/404-error|work=www.nid.org.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Oniipa, Mkoa wa Oshikoto mwaka 1943, na alifariki mwaka 2015 kutokana na saratani baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} kyf3fguwbf6fcnmovbcuxuf7ftu7dlk 1546047 1546042 2026-05-19T08:53:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Moongo''' (11 Aprili 1943 – 10 Machi 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) na aliwahi kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Namibia tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=404 Error - Namibia Institute for Democracy|url=https://www.nid.org.na/404-error|work=www.nid.org.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Oniipa, Mkoa wa Oshikoto mwaka 1943, na alifariki mwaka 2015 kutokana na saratani baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] 4gz4035feoubndt0z7nni5nt1src0nu 1546049 1546047 2026-05-19T08:54:15Z Don Malya 61486 1546049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Moongo''' (11 Aprili 1943 – 10 Machi 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) na aliwahi kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Namibia tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=404 Error - Namibia Institute for Democracy|url=https://www.nid.org.na/404-error|work=www.nid.org.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Oniipa, Mkoa wa Oshikoto mwaka 1943, na alifariki mwaka 2015 kutokana na saratani baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 5hwgn9me9fi92l2elbue36rbdb17qr1 1546054 1546049 2026-05-19T08:55:11Z Don Malya 61486 1546054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Moongo''' (11 Aprili 1943 – 10 Machi 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) na aliwahi kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Namibia tangu mwaka 1995.<ref>http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=111 </ref> Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Oniipa, Mkoa wa Oshikoto mwaka 1943, na alifariki mwaka 2015 kutokana na saratani baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] hx5g4sgoc3q9qerwd19fby3rcjblr2b 0 236531 1546043 2026-05-19T08:47:55Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dmytro Bezus''' (Kiuukrainia: Дмитро Безус; amezaliwa 19 Machi 1989), pia huandikwa kama '''Dmitri Bezus''', ni mpiganaji wa kulipwa kutoka [[Ukraini|Ukraine]] katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight) anayeshindana katika [[boxing]] na kickboxing. Anasimamiwa na ''WKN Top Team''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|title=WKN](http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|title=WKN) World - Dmytro 'The Bison' Bezus of...' 1546043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dmytro Bezus''' (Kiuukrainia: Дмитро Безус; amezaliwa 19 Machi 1989), pia huandikwa kama '''Dmitri Bezus''', ni mpiganaji wa kulipwa kutoka [[Ukraini|Ukraine]] katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight) anayeshindana katika [[boxing]] na kickboxing. Anasimamiwa na ''WKN Top Team''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|title=WKN](http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|title=WKN) World - Dmytro 'The Bison' Bezus of WKN Top Team in a Super Fight at Glory 14 in Croatia|publisher=worldkickboxingnetwork.com|access-date=8 Machi 2015|archive-date=2 Aprili 2015|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110520/http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110520/http://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/?p=21776|url-status=dead}})</ref> Kama mpiganaji wa kickboxing, Bezus ameshiriki katika mashindano ya Kunlun Fight, Glory , na K-]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pwbeb3xm41hd919era3cvvw8etnlyff 0 236532 1546045 2026-05-19T08:51:22Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Donald H. Owings''' ([[Desemba 7]], [[1943]] – [[Aprili 9]], [[2011]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa [[saikolojia]] na mwanachama katika Kikundi cha Wahitimu cha Tabia za Wanyama katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Davis. Utafiti wake ulilenga kichakuro wa ardhi, hasa mwingiliano wao na wanyama wanaowawinda kama vile nyoka wa kenge na kwa ujumla zaidi, juu ya dhana za mawasiliano kati ya spishi. Mwaka [[1994]], alichaguliwa kama mwanachama wa jumuiya ya tabia...' 1546045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald H. Owings''' ([[Desemba 7]], [[1943]] – [[Aprili 9]], [[2011]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa [[saikolojia]] na mwanachama katika Kikundi cha Wahitimu cha Tabia za Wanyama katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Davis. Utafiti wake ulilenga kichakuro wa ardhi, hasa mwingiliano wao na wanyama wanaowawinda kama vile nyoka wa kenge na kwa ujumla zaidi, juu ya dhana za mawasiliano kati ya spishi. Mwaka [[1994]], alichaguliwa kama mwanachama wa jumuiya ya tabia za wanyama na mwaka [[2010]] alipokea Tuzo ya Mfano wa Kuigwa (Exemplar Award) kwa ushauri wa wanafunzi wahitimu.<ref name =DE>{{cite news|title=Donald H. Owings|url=http://www.davisenterprise.com/obits/donald-h-owings/|access-date=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Davis Enterprise|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=In Memoriam: Faculty|url=http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/su11/in_memoriam.html|publisher=UC Davis|access-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207165128/http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/su11/in_memoriam.html|archive-date=7 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=News in the Animal Behavior Graduate Group|url=http://biosci3.ucdavis.edu/GradGroups/ANB/News/News.aspx|publisher=University of California, Davis|access-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102201923/http://biosci3.ucdavis.edu/GradGroups/ANB/News/News.aspx|archive-date=2 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] dt2430yhwhwynj85tz70qsbk7vmm9ej 1 236533 1546048 2026-05-19T08:54:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hilarie Lindsay''' (18 Aprili 1922 – 5 Mei 2021) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vichezeo (toys) na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, ushairi, maandiko ya mafunzo, wasifu na tanzu nyinginezo kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name=Who>Lofthouse, Andrea (Comp.). ''Who's Who of Australian Women.'' Methuen Australia, North Ryde, NSW., 1982: pp. 279-280</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=International Biographical Centre |title=The World Who's who of Women, Volume 9 |date=198...' 1546048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hilarie Lindsay''' (18 Aprili 1922 – 5 Mei 2021) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vichezeo (toys) na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, ushairi, maandiko ya mafunzo, wasifu na tanzu nyinginezo kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name=Who>Lofthouse, Andrea (Comp.). ''Who's Who of Australian Women.'' Methuen Australia, North Ryde, NSW., 1982: pp. 279-280</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=International Biographical Centre |title=The World Who's who of Women, Volume 9 |date=1988 |publisher=Melrose Press |page=423}}</ref><ref name=Monash>Arnold, John and Morris, Deirdre (Eds.). ''Monash Biographical Dictionary of 20th Century Australia.'' Reed Reference Publishing, Port Melbourne, Vic., 1994: pp. 318-319</ref> Alikuwa rais wa zamani wa Chama cha Watengenezaji wa Vichezeo na Michezo cha Australia na Chama cha Waandishi wa Kike (Australia), ambaye ameingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Chama cha Vichezeo cha Australia na Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Umaarufu wa Wanawake Mapainia uliopo [[Alice Springs]].<ref name=AusToy>{{cite web |title=Hilarie Lindsay |url=http://austoy.com.au/membership/hall-of-fame |website=Australian Toy Association Hall of Fame |accessdate=14 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="HallofFame">{{cite web |author1=National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame, Alice Springs |title=Lindsay, Hilarie |url=https://pioneerwomen.com.au/collection/herstory-archive/lindsay |website=HerStory Archive}}</ref><ref name=LawsonPatron>{{cite web |title=Our Patron Dr Hilarie Lindsay MBE OAM |url=https://www.henrylawsonfestival.com.au/news/our-patron-hilarie-lindsay |website=Henry Lawson Festival Grenfell |accessdate=14 October 2018 |date=28 May 2016}}</ref> Kazi yake inayojulikana zaidi, ''The Washerwoman's Dream'', ilikuwa ni wasifu wa [[Jane Winifred Steger]], uliovutiwa na mhakiki mmoja kama kitabu "kinachovutia sana kukisoma";<ref name=dotlit>{{cite web |last1=Ousby |first1=Louise |title=dotlit Book Review: 'Enthrallingly Readable: The Washerwoman's Dream by Hilarie Lindsay' |url=http://www.dotlit.qut.edu.au/reviews/washerwoman.txt |website=Dotlit: the online journal of creative writing |accessdate=30 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20030827140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13551/20030828-0000/www.dotlit.qut.edu.au/reviews/washerwoman.txt |archivedate=27 August 2003 |date=12 November 2002}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> kimetokea kuwa moja ya vitabu vya asili (classic) vya Australia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|2021}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] s92q1t5pftf1s299r951pqd5orpg19a 0 236534 1546051 2026-05-19T08:54:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni moved page [[Kuma]] to [[Uke]] over redirect 1546051 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uke]] tjiy862zbadafun1u5ggbcs8a7msnfr 1 236535 1546053 2026-05-19T08:54:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Kuma]] hadi [[Majadiliano:Uke]] 1546053 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano:Uke]] 0g49gsjq3ejdnc6n8go61b99v0ijxq4 0 236536 1546056 2026-05-19T08:59:05Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eve Langley''' (1 Septemba 1904 – takriban 1 Juni 1974), aliyezaliwa kwa jina la '''Ethel Jane Langley''', alikuwa mwandishi wa [[riwaya]] na [[mshairi]] kutoka nchi za Australia na New Zealand. Riwaya zake zinafuata mapokeo ya uandishi wa wanawake wa Australia unaochunguza mgongano uliopo kati ya kuwa msanii na kuwa mwanamke. == Maisha == Langley alizaliwa mjini [[Forbes, New South Wales]], akiwa binti mkubwa wa mwanakandarasi wa mbao (seremala) Ar...' 1546056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eve Langley''' (1 Septemba 1904 – takriban 1 Juni 1974), aliyezaliwa kwa jina la '''Ethel Jane Langley''', alikuwa mwandishi wa [[riwaya]] na [[mshairi]] kutoka nchi za Australia na New Zealand. Riwaya zake zinafuata mapokeo ya uandishi wa wanawake wa Australia unaochunguza mgongano uliopo kati ya kuwa msanii na kuwa mwanamke. == Maisha == Langley alizaliwa mjini [[Forbes, New South Wales]], akiwa binti mkubwa wa mwanakandarasi wa mbao (seremala) Arthur Alexander Langley (alifariki mnamo 1915), na mke wake Mira (1868 - 1944), jina la kuzaliwa Davidson, ambao wote wawili walitokea jimbo la [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. Mama yake Eve alinyimwa urithi kutokana na ndoa yake, na hivyo familia hiyo iliishi maisha yao mengi katika umaskini.<ref>HarperCollins</ref> Baada ya Arthur kufariki, Mira alirejea Victoria, ambapo hapo awali alikuwa akisimamia hoteli ya kaka yake huko Crossover. Eve na dada yake June walisoma katika shule kadhaa huko New South Wales na Victoria, zikiwemo Shule za Serikali za Brunswick Central na Dandenong, pamoja na Shule ya Upili ya Dandenong ([[Dandenong High School]]).<ref name = "Thwaite2000">Thwaite (2000)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1904|1974}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Australia]] f2yjc6dwdc4t3mwkdme2qavy0afsj35 0 236537 1546057 2026-05-19T08:59:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dawn Brooke Owens''' ([[Julai 11]], [[1980]] – [[Juni 24]], [[2016]]) alikuwa rubani na mtaalamu wa sera za anga nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi na [[NASA]], Federal Aviation Administration, na White House.Brooke Owens Fellowship ilianzishwa mwaka [[2017]] ili kuheshimu michango kubwa ya Owens kwa tasnia ya anga ya Marekani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaanga wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]]' 1546057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dawn Brooke Owens''' ([[Julai 11]], [[1980]] – [[Juni 24]], [[2016]]) alikuwa rubani na mtaalamu wa sera za anga nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi na [[NASA]], Federal Aviation Administration, na White House.Brooke Owens Fellowship ilianzishwa mwaka [[2017]] ili kuheshimu michango kubwa ya Owens kwa tasnia ya anga ya Marekani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanaanga wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] 4mfgvkhgod8wtpx1le8c5ebo8gr9p1i 0 236538 1546059 2026-05-19T09:01:33Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Winnie Moongo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Tangu Machi 2020, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia (National Assembly). Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Popular Democratic Movement (PDM).<ref>{{Citation|title=PDM finalises parliamentary list|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/193645/archive-read/PDM-finalises-parliamentary-list|work=The Namibian|language=en|access-date=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] rdfxe4y7kve32o1llxc9tjoehu1lins 0 236539 1546061 2026-05-19T09:02:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Derek Lee (Mwanabiolojia)]] hadi [[Derek Lee (mwanabiolojia)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546061 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Derek Lee (mwanabiolojia)]] agjnh76hn0g2ph4f0dh4gstw0eyurzw 0 236540 1546062 2026-05-19T09:02:49Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marion Miller Knowles''' (1865–1949) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari mshairi, mwandishi, na mfanyakazi wa mashirika ya hisani ya Kikatoliki kutoka nchi ya Australia. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa tarehe 8 Agosti 1865 katika mji wa Woods Point uliokuwa na shughuli za uchimbaji dhahabu huko Victoria. Knowles alikuwa binti wa James na Anne (jina la kuzaliwa: Bowen) Miller. Baba yake alikuwa mmiliki wa duka.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 1910|titl...' 1546062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marion Miller Knowles''' (1865–1949) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari mshairi, mwandishi, na mfanyakazi wa mashirika ya hisani ya Kikatoliki kutoka nchi ya Australia. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa tarehe 8 Agosti 1865 katika mji wa Woods Point uliokuwa na shughuli za uchimbaji dhahabu huko Victoria. Knowles alikuwa binti wa James na Anne (jina la kuzaliwa: Bowen) Miller. Baba yake alikuwa mmiliki wa duka.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 1910|title=Women's World.|page=3|newspaper=[[The Herald (Melbourne)]]|issue=10,803|location=Victoria, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242086755|access-date=26 August 2020|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Close|first=Cecily|title=Knowles, Marion (1865–1949)|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/knowles-marion-6988|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|place=Canberra|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=2020-08-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1865|1949}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] 3xmy2n48aec006hkqiuvezzf4wzoyo9 0 236541 1546066 2026-05-19T09:07:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Antigone Kefala''' (28 Mei 1931 – 3 Desemba 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=Antigone Kefala: Death Notice |url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/465820/antigone-kefala |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa nathari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Ugiriki|Wagiriki]] nchini [[Romania]]|Kigiriki na Kiromania]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Bodi ya Fasihi ya Baraza la Austra...' 1546066 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antigone Kefala''' (28 Mei 1931 – 3 Desemba 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=Antigone Kefala: Death Notice |url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/465820/antigone-kefala |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa nathari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Ugiriki|Wagiriki]] nchini [[Romania]]|Kigiriki na Kiromania]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Bodi ya Fasihi ya Baraza la Australia na anatambulika kama sauti muhimu katika kuakisi maisha na uzoefu wa wahajiri (migrants) nchini [[Australia]] ya sasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poetrylibrary.edu.au/poets/kefala-antigone|title=Antigone Kefala|website=Australian Poetry Library|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2017, Kefala alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Judith Wright Calanthe ([[Judith Wright Calanthe Award]]) ya Diwani ya Ushairi kutoka Maktaba ya Jimbo la Queensland ([[State Library of Queensland]]) katika Tuzo za Fasihi za Queensland kutokana na diwani yake ya mashairi inayoitwa ''Fragments''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qldliteraryawards.org.au/winners|title=Winners and Finalists|website=Queensland Literary Awards|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009000109/http://www.qldliteraryawards.org.au/winners|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] k3hw2h78x7uovy4mp9j2yvmqs00sznh 0 236542 1546067 2026-05-19T09:09:29Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Mouton''' alikuwa Kapteni wa tatu wa Rehoboth Baster katika South West Africa (Namibia ya sasa). Alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo kuanzia mwaka 1924 hadi 1925.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIESin alphabetical order|url=https://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_M.htm|work=www.klausdierks.com|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] b0qeilmszo0txc8s2aekvmbitayz819 0 236543 1546069 2026-05-19T09:11:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy Keesing''' (7 Septemba 1923 – 19 Januari 1993) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, mhariri, na mhamasishaji wa fasihi ya [[Australia|Australia.]]<ref>{{cite book|title= Nancy Florence Keesing (1923–1993) by Elizabeth Webby |chapter=Nancy Florence Keesing (1923–1993) |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography|chapter-url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/keesing-nancy-florence-17853|access-date= 14 April 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mb...' 1546069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy Keesing''' (7 Septemba 1923 – 19 Januari 1993) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, mhariri, na mhamasishaji wa fasihi ya [[Australia|Australia.]]<ref>{{cite book|title= Nancy Florence Keesing (1923–1993) by Elizabeth Webby |chapter=Nancy Florence Keesing (1923–1993) |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography|chapter-url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/keesing-nancy-florence-17853|access-date= 14 April 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|1993}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1993]] fxqjfrmz91np0rjcnb4fct13wuhckvn 0 236544 1546070 2026-05-19T09:16:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sylvia Kantaris''' (9 Januari 1936 – 19 Novemba 2021, pia anafahamika kama '''Sylvia Kantarizis''') alikuwa mshairi wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Australia]],<ref name="Feminist_Companion">{{cite book |last1=Blain |first1=Virginia |last2=Clements |first2=Patricia |last3=Grundy |first3=Isobel |title=The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present |date=1990 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300048544...' 1546070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Kantaris''' (9 Januari 1936 – 19 Novemba 2021, pia anafahamika kama '''Sylvia Kantarizis''') alikuwa mshairi wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Australia]],<ref name="Feminist_Companion">{{cite book |last1=Blain |first1=Virginia |last2=Clements |first2=Patricia |last3=Grundy |first3=Isobel |title=The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present |date=1990 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300048544 |page=[https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai/page/596 596] |url=https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai |url-access=registration |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> ambaye aliishi sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake huko [[Cornwall]], na alichapisha diwani nane za ushairi, ambapo mbili kati ya hizo alizitunga kwa ushirikiano na waandishi wengine.<ref>''News From the Front'' (1983) kwa ushirikiano na [[D. M. Thomas]] na ''The Air Mines of Mistila'' (1988) kwa ushirikiano na [[Philip Gross]].</ref> Kazi zake zilijumuishwa kwenye antholojia mbalimbali na kutafsiriwa katika lugha tofauti, zikiwemo [[Kitalu|Kiitaliano]],<ref name="Il_mare_alla_porta">{{cite book |last1=Kantaris |first1=Sylvia |title=Il mare alla porta |date=1991 |publisher=Forum |location=Italy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yUrnQAACAAJ |access-date=4 September 2018 |oclc=955848602}}</ref> [[Kijapani]] na Kifini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1936|2021}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 310mqczuim9n3ttjw2mo9i15iu55gfa 0 236545 1546073 2026-05-19T09:18:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gilles Archambault (Mpira wa Kanada)]] hadi [[Gilles Archambault (mwanasoka wa Kanada)]]: usahihi wa jina 1546073 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gilles Archambault (mwanasoka wa Kanada)]] jkyc6ovh1ydlg56se99nroybrgn1c74 0 236546 1546076 2026-05-19T09:21:10Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Louw Mouton''' (amezaliwa 25 Julai 1994) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha Independent Patriots for Change (IPC). Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament’s extension rejection may signal unproductivity – Kudumo  – Windhoek Observer|url=https://observer24.com.na/parliaments-extension-rejection-may-signal-unproductivity-kudumo/|work=observer24.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8l5rqq0hbwls4l5tnestaiog5e9slsj 0 236547 1546077 2026-05-19T09:22:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Joseph Oswald''' ([[Julai 6]], [[1919]] – [[Desemba 8]], [[2005]]) alikuwa mwalimu, [[mwanasayansi]], na [[mhandisi]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alitumia maisha yake yote ya kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley]] katika idara za Uhandisi wa Kiraia na Mazingira na Afya ya Umma.<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|last1=Woo|first1=Elaine|title=William J. Oswald, 86; UC Berkeley Scientist Pioneered Use of Algae to Treat Was...' 1546077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Joseph Oswald''' ([[Julai 6]], [[1919]] – [[Desemba 8]], [[2005]]) alikuwa mwalimu, [[mwanasayansi]], na [[mhandisi]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alitumia maisha yake yote ya kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley]] katika idara za Uhandisi wa Kiraia na Mazingira na Afya ya Umma.<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|last1=Woo|first1=Elaine|title=William J. Oswald, 86; UC Berkeley Scientist Pioneered Use of Algae to Treat Wastewater|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-dec-17-me-oswald17-story.html|access-date=12 August 2017|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=17 December 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Oswald|first1=William|title=My Sixty Years in Applied Algology|journal=Journal of Applied Phycology|date=2003|volume=1|issue=8|pages=99–106|doi=10.1023/A:1023871903434|s2cid=19086008 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1919]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] 3xql4y6ylftv9jvpaltanauzz9ujb4m 0 236548 1546078 2026-05-19T09:22:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jill Jones''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-514347|title=Jones, Jill (1951-) - People and organisations|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi kutoka mjini [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jill Jones Contents page |publisher=Australian Literary Resources |date=n.d. |url=http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |accessdate=2007-05-11...' 1546078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Jones''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-514347|title=Jones, Jill (1951-) - People and organisations|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi kutoka mjini [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jill Jones Contents page |publisher=Australian Literary Resources |date=n.d. |url=http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |accessdate=2007-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621040214/http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |archivedate=21 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yeye ni mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Adelaide. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 4rb2jbhcucsogq2i6ojhg88pup3rd2d 1546138 1546078 2026-05-19T10:10:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jill Jones (Mshairi)]] hadi [[Jill Jones (mshairi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Jones''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-514347|title=Jones, Jill (1951-) - People and organisations|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi kutoka mjini [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jill Jones Contents page |publisher=Australian Literary Resources |date=n.d. |url=http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |accessdate=2007-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621040214/http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |archivedate=21 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yeye ni mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Adelaide. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 4rb2jbhcucsogq2i6ojhg88pup3rd2d 1546140 1546138 2026-05-19T10:11:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Jones''' (alizaliwa 1951)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-514347|title=Jones, Jill (1951-) - People and organisations|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi kutoka mjini [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jill Jones Contents page |publisher=Australian Literary Resources |date=n.d. |url=http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |accessdate=2007-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621040214/http://www.austlit.com/a/jones-jill/index.html |archivedate=21 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yeye ni mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Adelaide. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 6o103860pbtli2g3jb5uwf8s0cyado3 0 236549 1546079 2026-05-19T09:26:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Ornduff''' ([[1932]] – [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa Mkurugenzi wa University and Jepson Herbaria, Mkurugenzi wa Bustani ya Botania ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, na Mwenyekiti wa (zamani) Idara ya Botania na Profesa wa Biolojia Iliyounganishwa (Integrative Biology) katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley. Mwanabotania Phyllis M. Fab...' 1546079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Ornduff''' ([[1932]] – [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa Mkurugenzi wa University and Jepson Herbaria, Mkurugenzi wa Bustani ya Botania ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, na Mwenyekiti wa (zamani) Idara ya Botania na Profesa wa Biolojia Iliyounganishwa (Integrative Biology) katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley. Mwanabotania [[Phyllis M. Faber]] alisema juu yake baada ya kifo chake, "maarifa yake makubwa na upendo wake kwa mimea ya California bado hayajafikiwa na mtu."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo7vkLC2GB4C&pg=PR10 ''Introduction to California Plant Life'']; Robert Ornduff, Phyllis M. Faber, Todd Keeler-Wolf; 2003 revised ed.; Preface, p. x</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] rhwqr4xgn5n6w5q2rq17ihiwa58vtlx 0 236550 1546080 2026-05-19T09:28:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Judy Johnson''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1961)<ref>{{Citation |title=Johnson, Judy (1961–) |journal=Trove |publication-date=2012 |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1506116 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Ameshinda tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Ushairi ya C. J. Dennis (Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry#C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry (inactive)|C. J. Dennis Prize for Poe...' 1546080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judy Johnson''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1961)<ref>{{Citation |title=Johnson, Judy (1961–) |journal=Trove |publication-date=2012 |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1506116 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Ameshinda tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Ushairi ya C. J. Dennis ([[Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry#C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry (inactive)|C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry]]), Tuzo ya Ushairi ya Josephine Ulrick kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Griffith ([[Griffith University Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize|Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize]]), na Tuzo ya Wesley Michel Wright ([[Wesley Michel Wright Prize]]) (mara mbili). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] dcvbl753ado3jcgb5y60p57hwdza0vj 1546141 1546080 2026-05-19T10:11:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Judy Johnson (Mwandishi)]] hadi [[Judy Johnson (mwandishi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judy Johnson''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1961)<ref>{{Citation |title=Johnson, Judy (1961–) |journal=Trove |publication-date=2012 |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1506116 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Ameshinda tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Ushairi ya C. J. Dennis ([[Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry#C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry (inactive)|C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry]]), Tuzo ya Ushairi ya Josephine Ulrick kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Griffith ([[Griffith University Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize|Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize]]), na Tuzo ya Wesley Michel Wright ([[Wesley Michel Wright Prize]]) (mara mbili). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] dcvbl753ado3jcgb5y60p57hwdza0vj 1546143 1546141 2026-05-19T10:11:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judy Johnson''' (alizaliwa 1961)<ref>{{Citation |title=Johnson, Judy (1961–) |journal=Trove |publication-date=2012 |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-1506116 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Ameshinda tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Ushairi ya C. J. Dennis ([[Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry#C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry (inactive)|C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry]]), Tuzo ya Ushairi ya Josephine Ulrick kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Griffith ([[Griffith University Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize|Josephine Ulrick Poetry Prize]]), na Tuzo ya Wesley Michel Wright ([[Wesley Michel Wright Prize]]) (mara mbili). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 71gk9zob1x5alzqcoqi3x7kb38pbduj 0 236551 1546081 2026-05-19T09:32:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wendy Elizabeth Jenkins'' (1952 – Desemba 2022) alikuwa mshairi na mhariri kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] aliyefanya kazi katika shirika la uchapishaji la [[Fremantle Press]] kwa muda wa miaka 43. Pia aliandika kazi zake kwa kutumia jina la kisanii la '''Jenna Kinsey'''. == Maisha == Jenkins alizaliwa mjini Perth, Australia Magharibi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Wendy Jenkins |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A21676 |access-date=2024-05-...' 1546081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendy Elizabeth Jenkins'' (1952 – Desemba 2022) alikuwa mshairi na mhariri kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] aliyefanya kazi katika shirika la uchapishaji la [[Fremantle Press]] kwa muda wa miaka 43. Pia aliandika kazi zake kwa kutumia jina la kisanii la '''Jenna Kinsey'''. == Maisha == Jenkins alizaliwa mjini Perth, Australia Magharibi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Wendy Jenkins |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A21676 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> Alikuwa kizazi cha nne cha familia yake kuishi katika mji wa Fremantle.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Claire |date=2022-12-20 |title=VALE Wendy Jenkins AM |url=https://fremantlepress.com.au/2022/12/20/vale-wendy-jenkins-am/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Fremantle Press |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] mctt7b5u1weo26mn4dx4czax4k2dxlo 0 236552 1546083 2026-05-19T09:35:41Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Warren Orcutt''' ([[Februari 14]], [[1869]] – [[1942]]) alikuwa mwanajiolojia wa mafuta aliyehesabiwa kama mwanzilishi katika maendeleo ya uzalishaji wa mafuta huko [[California]], na matumizi ya jiolojia katika tasnia ya mafuta. Pia alijulikana kwa michango yake kwa [[Palantolojia]], ambayo ilileta visukuku vya [[La Brea Tar Pits]] kwa tahadhari ya jamii ya kisayansi.<ref name=Redmon>{{cite web|last=Redmon|first=Michael|title=What is the hist...' 1546083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Warren Orcutt''' ([[Februari 14]], [[1869]] – [[1942]]) alikuwa mwanajiolojia wa mafuta aliyehesabiwa kama mwanzilishi katika maendeleo ya uzalishaji wa mafuta huko [[California]], na matumizi ya jiolojia katika tasnia ya mafuta. Pia alijulikana kwa michango yake kwa [[Palantolojia]], ambayo ilileta visukuku vya [[La Brea Tar Pits]] kwa tahadhari ya jamii ya kisayansi.<ref name=Redmon>{{cite web|last=Redmon|first=Michael|title=What is the history of Orcutt?|url=http://www.independent.com/news/2009/dec/21/what-history-orcutt/|publisher=Santa Barbara Independent|accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1869]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] oknty7bjmqyganrha679fkiv7k90rq1 0 236553 1546084 2026-05-19T09:36:44Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Josip Bodrožić''' ni mstaafu wa kickboxing wa uzito wa juu kutoka [[Australia]] na [[Kroatia|Croatia]]. Alizaliwa tarehe 20 Juni 1973 mjini Melbourne, Australia. Alikuwa na urefu wa mita 2 na katika kipindi chake cha ushindani alikadiriwa kuwa na uzito wa takribani kilogramu 120. == Wasifu na kazi == Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, Bodrožić alihamia pamoja na familia yake kwenda Kaštel Gomilica ambapo alianza kushiriki katika kickboxing ya kiwango cha...' 1546084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josip Bodrožić''' ni mstaafu wa kickboxing wa uzito wa juu kutoka [[Australia]] na [[Kroatia|Croatia]]. Alizaliwa tarehe 20 Juni 1973 mjini Melbourne, Australia. Alikuwa na urefu wa mita 2 na katika kipindi chake cha ushindani alikadiriwa kuwa na uzito wa takribani kilogramu 120. == Wasifu na kazi == Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, Bodrožić alihamia pamoja na familia yake kwenda Kaštel Gomilica ambapo alianza kushiriki katika kickboxing ya kiwango cha amateur. Aliendelea kushindana katika michuano ya Ulaya na Dunia hadi mwaka 2000 alipoanza taaluma ya kulipwa. Miongoni mwa mafanikio yake makubwa ni medali mbili za shaba katika mashindano ya dunia ya World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO) katika mtindo wa full contact; moja mwaka 1997 mjini [[Gdańsk]] na nyingine mwaka 1999 mjini Caorle.<ref>[[http://www.kastela.org/novosti/kronika/12051-od-sportasa-do-dilera-kastelanski-kick-boxer-%E2%80%98pao-s-dva-kilograma-%E2%80%98trave](http://www.kastela.org/novosti/kronika/12051-od-sportasa-do-dilera-kastelanski-kick-boxer-%E2%80%98pao-s-dva-kilograma-%E2%80%98trave) OD SPORTAŠA DO DILERA Kaštelanski kick boxer ‘pao’ s dva kilograma ‘trave’]{{in lang|hr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] 6vgg6id7tnnxfmm8izxqir71985z8fv 0 236554 1546086 2026-05-19T09:39:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joy St Clair Hester''' (21 Agosti 1920 – 4 Desemba 1960) alikuwa msanii kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa vuguvugu la [[Angry Penguins]] na kikundi cha [[Heide Circle]] ambao walichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika maendeleo ya mtindo wa Ukisasa ( nchini Australia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Joy Hester|last=Burke, Janine|date=1983|publisher=Greenhouse Publications|isbn=0909104603|location=Richmond, Victoria, Australia|oclc=11370322...' 1546086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy St Clair Hester''' (21 Agosti 1920 – 4 Desemba 1960) alikuwa msanii kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa vuguvugu la [[Angry Penguins]] na kikundi cha [[Heide Circle]] ambao walichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika maendeleo ya mtindo wa Ukisasa ( nchini Australia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Joy Hester|last=Burke, Janine|date=1983|publisher=Greenhouse Publications|isbn=0909104603|location=Richmond, Victoria, Australia|oclc=11370322}}</ref> Hester anafahamika zaidi kwa michoro yake ya wino yenye ujasiri na ya kuelezea hisia zilizopo moyoni.<ref name=":1"/> Kazi zake zilitawaliwa na mtazamo wa hali ya juu kuhusu kifo kutokana na kumpoteza baba yake mzazi wakati wa utotoni, tishio la vita, na uzoefu wake binafsi wa kusumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa [[Ugonjwa wa Hodgkin|Hodgkin]]. Hester anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wa michoro ya ''Face'', ''Sleep'', na ''Love'' (1948–49)<ref name="AuDB">{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Burke|first=Janine|title=Hester, Joy St Clair (1920–1960)|id2=hester-joy-st-clair-10493|volume=14|year=1996}}</ref> pamoja na kazi zake za baadaye za ''The Lovers'' (1956–58).<ref name=":1"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|1960}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Australia]] 99gfqh2jq7p6c631yrwzvp5bsdu8kyh 0 236555 1546087 2026-05-19T09:40:59Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Remy Kenneth Bonjasky''' (amezaliwa 10 Januari 1976) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing kutoka Suriname-[[Uholanzi]]. Alikuwa bingwa mara tatu wa K-1 World Grand Prix katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight), akishinda taji hilo mwaka 2003, 2004 na 2008.<ref>[[http://www.liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=200](http://www.liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=200):remy-bonjasky-and-fighting-for-success&catid=36:k-1 "...' 1546087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Remy Kenneth Bonjasky''' (amezaliwa 10 Januari 1976) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing kutoka Suriname-[[Uholanzi]]. Alikuwa bingwa mara tatu wa K-1 World Grand Prix katika uzani wa juu (heavyweight), akishinda taji hilo mwaka 2003, 2004 na 2008.<ref>[[http://www.liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=200](http://www.liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=200):remy-bonjasky-and-fighting-for-success&catid=36:k-1 "Remy Bonjasky and Fighting for Success"] by Bernie Connors, 14 Januari 2011, ''LiverKick.com''</ref> Anachukuliwa sana kama mmoja wa wapiganaji bora kabisa wa [[kickboxing]] wa wakati wote.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|title=Wapiganaji](http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|title=Wapiganaji) 10 Bora wa K-1 Wakati Wote|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130826220242/http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|archive-date=2013-08-26}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20130826220242/http://www.profighting-fans.com/rankings/all-time-best/k-1-rankings.html|archive-date=2013-08-26}})</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=[https://fightersvault.com/best-kickboxers-of-all-time/](https://fightersvault.com/best-kickboxers-of-all-time/) | title=Wapiganaji bora 13 wa kickboxing wa wakati wote | date=6 Machi 2022 }}</ref> Bonjasky alijulikana kwa mashambulizi yake ya mateke ya kuruka (flying kicks), mapigo ya magoti na ulinzi imara, jambo lililompa jina la utani "The Flying Gentleman". == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i6z6gl8qxmd66f6rxya4frsgy3ya9gz 0 236556 1546088 2026-05-19T09:41:42Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546088 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Mubita''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu 2 Aprili 2026, ameteuliwa kuwa Waziri katika Ofisi ya Rais (Minister in the Presidency). Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia tangu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRESIDENT NANDI-NDAITWAH ANNOUNCES NEW LEADERSHIP APPOINTMENTS {{!}} nbc|url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/115867|work=nbcnews.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 148invsn0zgzbz53m5qukc6izzkrlf2 0 236557 1546091 2026-05-19T09:42:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ida Shepard Oldroyd''' ([[1856]] – [[1940]]) alikuwa mwanakonkolojia (elimu ya konokono na kombe) nchini [[Marekani]] na Msimamizi wa Jiolojia katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] kwa zaidi ya miaka 20.<ref name="Creese2000">{{cite book|first=Mary R. S.|last= Creese|title=Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800–1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amtGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|ye...' 1546091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ida Shepard Oldroyd''' ([[1856]] – [[1940]]) alikuwa mwanakonkolojia (elimu ya konokono na kombe) nchini [[Marekani]] na Msimamizi wa Jiolojia katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] kwa zaidi ya miaka 20.<ref name="Creese2000">{{cite book|first=Mary R. S.|last= Creese|title=Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800–1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amtGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|year= 2000|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-585-27684-7|page=127}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor= Howes, Durward|year=1935|title=American Women: The Official Who's who Among the Women of the Nation, 1935–36|publisher=Richard Blank Publishing Company|location=Los Angeles|page=413|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015046813831;view=1up;seq=485}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1856]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1940]] rdg85izhwnvqo4vq3693buzhbl6sy97 0 236558 1546093 2026-05-19T09:43:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya kati]] hadi [[Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546093 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati]] 8dcczkatxwtqt98sofoags1rliu2i8j 1546153 1546093 2026-05-19T10:39:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1546153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa ya [[haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Kairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|archive-date=2006-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014100154/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 4aow7kkcjdypeog6uj3zswjwlmgexd3 0 236559 1546094 2026-05-19T09:44:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gwen Harwood''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Gwendoline Nessie Foster''', 8 Juni 1920 – 5 Desemba 1995) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa libretto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Harwood anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washairi mashuhuri zaidi wa Australia, akiwa amechapisha kazi zaidi ya 420, zikiwemo mashairi 386 na libretto 13.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keane|first=Colleen|date=2013-02-11|title=Gwen Harwood, Selected Poems|url=https://www.smh.com.au/education/gwen-harw...' 1546094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwen Harwood''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Gwendoline Nessie Foster''', 8 Juni 1920 – 5 Desemba 1995) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa libretto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Harwood anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washairi mashuhuri zaidi wa Australia, akiwa amechapisha kazi zaidi ya 420, zikiwemo mashairi 386 na libretto 13.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keane|first=Colleen|date=2013-02-11|title=Gwen Harwood, Selected Poems|url=https://www.smh.com.au/education/gwen-harwood-selected-poems-20130211-2e7lg.html|access-date=2021-05-20|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Alishinda tuzo mbalimbali za ushairi, na moja ya tuzo muhimu zaidi za ushairi nchini Australia, yaani Tuzo ya Ushairi ya Gwen Harwood ([[Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize]]), imepewa jina lake kwa ajili ya kumuenzi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |title=Gwen Harwood |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A2707 |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |language=en}}</ref> Kazi zake hufundishwa mara kwa mara katika shule na kozi za vyuo vikuu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|1995}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] tb8b5knh3wzpy4lv7h707wxpisgpx03 0 236560 1546095 2026-05-19T09:44:26Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ricardo van den Bos''' (amezaliwa 17 Novemba 1984) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing na ndondi kutoka [[Uholanzi]], anayepigana kutoka mji wa Zwolle. Yeye ni Bingwa mara nne wa WBC International Muay Thai katika uzito wa juu (Heavyweight) na pia Bingwa wa Ndondi wa Amateur wa Uholanzi wa uzito wa juu mwaka 2010. == Kazi yake == Van den Bos awali alipangwa kupigana na Marvin Eastman kwa ajili ya ubingwa wa WPMF World Super Heavyweight (+95.454 kg / 210.4 lb) k...' 1546095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricardo van den Bos''' (amezaliwa 17 Novemba 1984) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing na ndondi kutoka [[Uholanzi]], anayepigana kutoka mji wa Zwolle. Yeye ni Bingwa mara nne wa WBC International Muay Thai katika uzito wa juu (Heavyweight) na pia Bingwa wa Ndondi wa Amateur wa Uholanzi wa uzito wa juu mwaka 2010. == Kazi yake == Van den Bos awali alipangwa kupigana na Marvin Eastman kwa ajili ya ubingwa wa WPMF World Super Heavyweight (+95.454 kg / 210.4 lb) katika mashindano ya *Muaythai Superfight* yaliyofanyika Pattaya, [[Thailand]] tarehe 13 Mei 2013.<ref>[[http://liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2400](http://liverkick.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2400):chike-lindsay-set-to-take-on-saiyok-pumpanmuang-in-one-of-the-most-unusual-cards-this-year&catid=48:muay-thai “Chike Lindsay Set to Take on Saiyok Pumpanmuang in One of the Most Unusual Cards This Year”]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] 5z5g1ur6t7boysjdfec27ecf7so66ab 0 236561 1546097 2026-05-19T09:46:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Mubita''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu 2 Aprili 2026, ameteuliwa kuwa Waziri katika Ofisi ya Rais (Minister in the Presidency). Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia tangu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uncontested constituencies reduced to 4 from 26|url=https://neweralive.na/uncontested-constituencies-reduced-to-4-from-26/|work=New Era|date=2020-10-21|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tc5lra61qqw2roz5vf7x16ixoom5lrx 0 236562 1546098 2026-05-19T09:46:37Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lesbia Venner Harford''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Keogh''', 9 Aprili 1891 – 5 Julai 1927) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza kusomea shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne. Alipigania haki za wafanyakazi, akisaidia kikundi cha wanachama wa vyama vya wafanyakazi waliofungwa gerezani kwa kosa la uhaini na makosa mengineyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bl...' 1546098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lesbia Venner Harford''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Keogh''', 9 Aprili 1891 – 5 Julai 1927) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza kusomea shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne. Alipigania haki za wafanyakazi, akisaidia kikundi cha wanachama wa vyama vya wafanyakazi waliofungwa gerezani kwa kosa la uhaini na makosa mengineyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloodworth |first=Sandra |date=2014-10-27 |title=Revolutionary Lives: Lesbia Harford |url=https://redflag.org.au/article/revolutionary-lives-lesbia-harford |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Red Flag}}</ref> Uchambuzi wa baadaye wa mashairi na wasifu wa Harford umeongeza umaarufu wake kama painia wa dhana ya "mapenzi huru" (free love) na ishara ya jamii ya queer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Dean |date=2018-03-31 |title=Lesbia Harford |url=https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/2018/3/31/lesbia-harford |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Making Queer History |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1927}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Australia]] 0ocmvwlsbtsfwua3fjxrovv21xxjzt6 0 236563 1546100 2026-05-19T09:48:07Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yassine Boughanem''' (amezaliwa 24 Januari 1994) ni mpiganaji wa Muay Thai kutoka [[Moroko]] na [[Ubelgiji]] ambaye amekuwa akishindana kitaaluma tangu mwaka 2011. Kwa sasa ni bingwa wa dunia wa WKN katika uzani wa juu sana (Super Heavyweight) wa Muay Thai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muay Thai World Champions |url=[https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/](https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/) |website=worldkickbox...' 1546100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yassine Boughanem''' (amezaliwa 24 Januari 1994) ni mpiganaji wa Muay Thai kutoka [[Moroko]] na [[Ubelgiji]] ambaye amekuwa akishindana kitaaluma tangu mwaka 2011. Kwa sasa ni bingwa wa dunia wa WKN katika uzani wa juu sana (Super Heavyweight) wa Muay Thai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muay Thai World Champions |url=[https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/](https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/) |website=worldkickboxingnetwork.com |access-date=31 Julai 2020 |archive-date=7 Novemba 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221107100830/https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/](https://web.archive.org/web/20221107100830/https://www.worldkickboxingnetwork.com/champions/world-thai/) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dubmtd1qjzcpwleqynwydzl9l7kn2cy 3 236564 1546101 2026-05-19T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546101 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) t2j67v7508wkk6o1tzio1iapbfaqz39 3 236565 1546102 2026-05-19T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546102 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) t2j67v7508wkk6o1tzio1iapbfaqz39 3 236566 1546103 2026-05-19T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546103 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) t2j67v7508wkk6o1tzio1iapbfaqz39 3 236567 1546104 2026-05-19T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546104 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) t2j67v7508wkk6o1tzio1iapbfaqz39 0 236568 1546105 2026-05-19T09:48:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Russel Dudley''' ([[Machi 1]], [[1849]] – [[Juni 4]], [[1911]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Aliongoza idara ya botania katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] kuanzia [[1892]] hadi [[1911]]. Mkusanyiko wake uliojengwa huko Stanford unachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa michango muhimu zaidi kwa maarifa ya mimea yote huko [[California]]. Hii ikawa msingi wa kile kilichojulikana kama Dudley Herbarium.<ref name=MAB>Makers of American Botany, [...' 1546105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Russel Dudley''' ([[Machi 1]], [[1849]] – [[Juni 4]], [[1911]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Aliongoza idara ya botania katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] kuanzia [[1892]] hadi [[1911]]. Mkusanyiko wake uliojengwa huko Stanford unachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa michango muhimu zaidi kwa maarifa ya mimea yote huko [[California]]. Hii ikawa msingi wa kile kilichojulikana kama Dudley Herbarium.<ref name=MAB>Makers of American Botany, [[Harry Baker Humphrey]], Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1849]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1911]] ry629hlx0dh6h8rpcsxcr93wl5x15td 3 236569 1546106 2026-05-19T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546106 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) t2j67v7508wkk6o1tzio1iapbfaqz39 3 236570 1546107 2026-05-19T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546107 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236571 1546108 2026-05-19T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546108 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236572 1546109 2026-05-19T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546109 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236573 1546111 2026-05-19T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546111 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236574 1546112 2026-05-19T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546112 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236575 1546113 2026-05-19T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546113 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) gnvzjhi2iwdxjbx0k0h9eenjhc9kc03 3 236576 1546114 2026-05-19T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546114 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) cpmmyvfimy0elinby2qv01b3upno7aw 3 236577 1546115 2026-05-19T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546115 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) cpmmyvfimy0elinby2qv01b3upno7aw 3 236578 1546116 2026-05-19T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546116 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) cpmmyvfimy0elinby2qv01b3upno7aw 3 236579 1546117 2026-05-19T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1546117 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Mei 2026 (UTC) cpmmyvfimy0elinby2qv01b3upno7aw 0 236580 1546119 2026-05-19T09:51:32Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ibrahim El Boustati''' (amezaliwa 1 Oktoba 1995) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing mwenye asili ya [[Uholanzi]] na [[Moroko]] anayeshindana katika uzani wa cruiserweight na Middleweight ndani ya Enfusion. Katika maisha yake yote ya mapambano amekuwa akipigana chini ya shirika hilo. Ameshinda mataji katika makundi matatu tofauti ya uzani ndani ya Enfusion, mara tatu katika uzani wa pauni 187,<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion 28: Ibrahim El Boustati nowym mistrze...' 1546119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim El Boustati''' (amezaliwa 1 Oktoba 1995) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing mwenye asili ya [[Uholanzi]] na [[Moroko]] anayeshindana katika uzani wa cruiserweight na Middleweight ndani ya Enfusion. Katika maisha yake yote ya mapambano amekuwa akipigana chini ya shirika hilo. Ameshinda mataji katika makundi matatu tofauti ya uzani ndani ya Enfusion, mara tatu katika uzani wa pauni 187,<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion 28: Ibrahim El Boustati nowym mistrzem w wadze do 85 kg! Wyniki! |url=[http://www.fightsport.pl/wyniki/swiat/7919-enfusion-28-ibrahim-el-boustati-nowym-mistrzem-w-wadze-do-85-kg-wyniki](http://www.fightsport.pl/wyniki/swiat/7919-enfusion-28-ibrahim-el-boustati-nowym-mistrzem-w-wadze-do-85-kg-wyniki) |website=fightsport.pl |accessdate=4 Mei 2020 |archive-date=16 Februari 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230216235217/http://www.fightsport.pl/wyniki/swiat/7919-enfusion-28-ibrahim-el-boustati-nowym-mistrzem-w-wadze-do-85-kg-wyniki](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216235217/http://www.fightsport.pl/wyniki/swiat/7919-enfusion-28-ibrahim-el-boustati-nowym-mistrzem-w-wadze-do-85-kg-wyniki) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion Live 38 Results |url=[http://www.fight-madness.com/enfusion-live-38-results/](http://www.fight-madness.com/enfusion-live-38-results/) |website=fight-madness.com |accessdate=4 Mei 2020 |archive-date=4 Juni 2016 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160604013856/http://www.fight-madness.com/enfusion-live-38-results/](https://web.archive.org/web/20160604013856/http://www.fight-madness.com/enfusion-live-38-results/) |url-status=usurped }}</ref> na mara moja katika uzani wa pauni 198.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfusion Live 44 – Roundup and results: El Boustati defeats Tate in first round |url=[https://www.mmaplus.co.uk/kickboxing/enfusion-live-44-el-boustati-defeats-tate/](https://www.mmaplus.co.uk/kickboxing/enfusion-live-44-el-boustati-defeats-tate/) |website=mmaplus.co.uk |date=4 Desemba 2016 |accessdate=4 Mei 2020}}</ref> Katika kipindi chote cha taaluma yake amekuwa akitajwa kuwa mmoja wa wapiganaji bora wa kickboxing duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: March 2019 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2019/03/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-march-2019/](https://combatpress.com/2019/03/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-march-2019/) |website=combatpress.com |accessdate=4 Mei 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Combat Press Kickboxing Rankings: June 2019 |url=[https://combatpress.com/2019/06/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-june-2019/](https://combatpress.com/2019/06/combat-press-kickboxing-rankings-june-2019/) |website=combatpress.com |accessdate=4 Mei 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Moroko]] aa9t0fjx7ws45uz6oo7xv9olhvze71m 0 236581 1546120 2026-05-19T09:52:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Marlin Dooley''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 13]], [[1952]]) ni [[mwanakemia]] nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye utaalamu wa misombo ya organometali (organometallic compounds), na msimamizi wa chuo ambaye alihudumu kama mkuu wa chuo kikuu wa Montana State University na rais wa kumi na moja wa Chuo Kikuu cha Rhode Island.<ref name=AMWS>American Men & Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in physical, biological and related sciences. 23rd edit...' 1546120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Marlin Dooley''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 13]], [[1952]]) ni [[mwanakemia]] nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye utaalamu wa misombo ya organometali (organometallic compounds), na msimamizi wa chuo ambaye alihudumu kama mkuu wa chuo kikuu wa Montana State University na rais wa kumi na moja wa Chuo Kikuu cha Rhode Island.<ref name=AMWS>American Men & Women of Science. A biographical directory of today's leaders in physical, biological and related sciences. 23rd edition. Eight volumes. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2006. (AmMWSc 23)</ref><ref>Ancestry.com. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5h4ylwc3m13jlbcs3lgwzjwfl7jt7pw 0 236582 1546122 2026-05-19T09:52:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gabrielle Petit (mwanaharakati wa wanawake)]] hadi [[Gabrielle Petit (mwanaharakati)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546122 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gabrielle Petit (mwanaharakati)]] 7pi0voorq8h7z31pnsmllhnxa6f36fm 0 236583 1546124 2026-05-19T09:55:24Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paula Gruden''' au '''Pavla Gruden''' (14 Februari 1921 – 26 Januari 2014)<ref>Jurak, Mirko. 1990. ''Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australia .'' Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103.</ref><ref name= "Suša">Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/umrla-je-pavla-gruden-pesniski-glas-sloven...' 1546124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paula Gruden''' au '''Pavla Gruden''' (14 Februari 1921 – 26 Januari 2014)<ref>Jurak, Mirko. 1990. ''Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australia .'' Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103.</ref><ref name= "Suša">Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/umrla-je-pavla-gruden-pesniski-glas-slovencev-v-avstraliji/328389 |title=Umrla je Pavla Gruden, pesniški glas Slovencev v Avstraliji |publisher=MMC RTV Slovenija |date=27 January 2014 |language=Slovenian |trans-title=Pavla Gruden, the Poetic Voice of the Slovenes in Australia, Dies}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi, mtafsiri, na mhariri kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Waslovenia|Kislovenia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1921|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] jd1542kj9f7d6e4806up06apxuxgm1l 0 236584 1546127 2026-05-19T09:58:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rosemary Calandriello]] hadi [[Robert Zarinsky]] 1546127 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Robert Zarinsky]] boe7qm56iku4ax6ezu156w98x6zf656 0 236585 1546128 2026-05-19T09:58:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dorothy Auchterlonie''' (pia anafahamika kama '''Dorothy Green'''; 28 Mei 1915 – 21 Februari 1991) alikuwa msomi, mhakiki wa fasihi, na mshairi wa Australia aliyezaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha == Auchterlonie alizaliwa mjini [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], County Durham nchini Uingereza. Mnamo mwaka 1927, alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 12, familia yake ilihamia nchi ya Australia.<ref name = "austlit">{{cite web |title= Green, Dorothy (b...' 1546128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Auchterlonie''' (pia anafahamika kama '''Dorothy Green'''; 28 Mei 1915 – 21 Februari 1991) alikuwa msomi, mhakiki wa fasihi, na mshairi wa Australia aliyezaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha == Auchterlonie alizaliwa mjini [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], County Durham nchini Uingereza. Mnamo mwaka 1927, alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 12, familia yake ilihamia nchi ya Australia.<ref name = "austlit">{{cite web |title= Green, Dorothy (birth name: Auchterlonie, Dorothy ) |publisher= AustLit Agent |url= http://www.austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=A%2BHE |access-date= 3 August 2007}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1915|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa Uingereza]] pvexzyp6qyxeiqc4ewm2kegabnhyev3 0 236586 1546130 2026-05-19T09:59:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bruce Johnson (mtumishi wa Mungu)]] hadi [[Bruce Johnson (mchungaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546130 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bruce Johnson (mchungaji)]] svyrrfptsvy3p48glpc17ciqz803o3q 0 236587 1546132 2026-05-19T10:02:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Calaway Homer Dodson''' ([[Desemba 17]], [[1928]] – [[Agosti 9]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]], mtaalamu wa okidi (orchidologist), na [[Uainishaji wa kisayansi|mwanataksonomia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa utafiti wake juu ya okidi na mkusanyiko wake mkubwa wa okidi za [[Amerika ya Kusini]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZNNAQAAIAAJ&q=%22dodson,+calaway%22+1928|title=World Who's who in Science: A Biographical Di...' 1546132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calaway Homer Dodson''' ([[Desemba 17]], [[1928]] – [[Agosti 9]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]], mtaalamu wa okidi (orchidologist), na [[Uainishaji wa kisayansi|mwanataksonomia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa utafiti wake juu ya okidi na mkusanyiko wake mkubwa wa okidi za [[Amerika ya Kusini]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZNNAQAAIAAJ&q=%22dodson,+calaway%22+1928|title=World Who's who in Science: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present|date=1968|publisher=Marquis-Who's Who, Incorporated.|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] m5mnys79rj0ml6gsyx6k8eep9y9qbbx 0 236588 1546133 2026-05-19T10:02:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Judith Muriel Lonie''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Benson'''; 1935–1982) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alichapisha diwani moja ya ushairi wakati wa uhai wake, na ya pili ilichapishwa baada ya kifo chake; mashairi yake mara nyingi yalihusu mada za kibinafsi au za siri lakini zilijadiliwa kwa mtindo usio wa kibinafsi. Mashairi yake yamejumuishwa katika antholojia kadhaa. Mume wake, ambaye alikuwa mshairi wa New Zealand aitwaye [[Iain Lonie]],...' 1546133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Muriel Lonie''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Benson'''; 1935–1982) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alichapisha diwani moja ya ushairi wakati wa uhai wake, na ya pili ilichapishwa baada ya kifo chake; mashairi yake mara nyingi yalihusu mada za kibinafsi au za siri lakini zilijadiliwa kwa mtindo usio wa kibinafsi. Mashairi yake yamejumuishwa katika antholojia kadhaa. Mume wake, ambaye alikuwa mshairi wa New Zealand aitwaye [[Iain Lonie]], aliandika diwani tatu za ushairi zilizohusu majonzi makubwa aliyohisi kufuatia kifo chake. == Maisha na kazi == Lonie alizaliwa nchini Australia mnamo mwaka 1935.<ref name="OCNZL">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Whiteford |first=Peter |editor1-last=Robinson |editor1-first=Roger |editor2-last=Wattie |editor2-first=Nelson |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature |title=Lonie, Judith |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001/acref-9780195583489-e-707 |access-date=30 October 2020 |date=2006 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-1917-3519-6 |oclc=865265749 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Yeye na mume wake wa kwanza walipata mtoto wa kike aliyezaliwa mnamo mwaka 1957.<ref name="A Place">{{cite book |last1=Lonie |first1=Iain M. |editor1-last=Howard |editor1-first=David |editor1-link=David Howard (poet) |title=A Place to Go On From: the collected poems of Iain Lonie |date=2015 |publisher=Otago University Press |location=Dunedin, New Zealand |isbn=978-1-9273-2201-7}}</ref>{{rp|22}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|1982}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 7jiytkpfu5ofbbfo72ao32w8ar8dsu5 0 236589 1546134 2026-05-19T10:07:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar''' (1 Julai 1885 – 14 Januari 1968) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name="adb">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Kingston|first=Beverley|author-link=Beverley Kingston|id2=mackellar-isobel-marion-dorothea-7383|title=Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968)|volume=10|year=1986|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603171732/https://adb.anu.edu...' 1546134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar''' (1 Julai 1885 – 14 Januari 1968) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name="adb">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Kingston|first=Beverley|author-link=Beverley Kingston|id2=mackellar-isobel-marion-dorothea-7383|title=Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968)|volume=10|year=1986|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603171732/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackellar-isobel-marion-dorothea-7383|archive-date=3 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shairi lake la "[[My Country]]" linajulikana sana nchini Australia, hasa ubeti wake wa pili unaoanza na maneno: "I love a sunburnt country / A land of sweeping plains, / Of ragged mountain ranges, / Of droughts and flooding rains."<ref>[http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0510b.htm MacKellar, Isobel Marion Dorothea (Dorothea) (1885–1968)], ''The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia''</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] kpytmk6amxp8zx50arfu1l4ag4q5ot4 0 236590 1546135 2026-05-19T10:07:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Mchungaji '''Donald Dungan Dod''' ([[Oktoba 10]], [[1912]], [[Kansas City, Missouri]] – [[Aprili 1]], [[2008]], [[West Virginia]]), alikuwa [[Mmisionari]] na mtaalamu wa okidi (orchidologist) nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003658/http://theintermountain.com/page/content.detail/id/505691.html?nav=5015 Obituary] {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]]' 1546135 wikitext text/x-wiki Mchungaji '''Donald Dungan Dod''' ([[Oktoba 10]], [[1912]], [[Kansas City, Missouri]] – [[Aprili 1]], [[2008]], [[West Virginia]]), alikuwa [[Mmisionari]] na mtaalamu wa okidi (orchidologist) nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003658/http://theintermountain.com/page/content.detail/id/505691.html?nav=5015 Obituary] {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] nu7v5xyxq17ur0emy82h5040pjxhdpv 1546144 1546135 2026-05-19T10:14:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1546144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Dungan Dod''' ([[Oktoba 10]], [[1912]], [[Kansas City, Missouri]] – [[Aprili 1]], [[2008]], [[West Virginia]]), alikuwa [[mmisionari]] na mtaalamu wa okidi kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003658/http://theintermountain.com/page/content.detail/id/505691.html?nav=5015 Obituary] {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] 04xzv3halxak98zezybz8w7bwkp9cr5 0 236591 1546139 2026-05-19T10:10:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jill Jones (Mshairi)]] hadi [[Jill Jones (mshairi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546139 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jill Jones (mshairi)]] jf3m6m9wrtxo3qafdy139z4b9gp1usj 0 236592 1546142 2026-05-19T10:11:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Judy Johnson (Mwandishi)]] hadi [[Judy Johnson (mwandishi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1546142 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Judy Johnson (mwandishi)]] 2twmkrxldlnp3vs3jjeyoj6swjbthtr 0 236593 1546145 2026-05-19T10:15:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chris Mansell''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1951) alikuwa mshairi na mchapishaji kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alizaliwa mjini [[Sydney]], Chris Mansell alikulia katika eneo la Central Coast huko [[New South Wales]] na mjini [[Lae, Papua New Guinea]], na baadaye alisomea masuala ya uchumi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney]].<ref>[http://www.chrismansell.com/Background.html Background] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231057/http://www.chri...' 1546145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chris Mansell''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1951) alikuwa mshairi na mchapishaji kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alizaliwa mjini [[Sydney]], Chris Mansell alikulia katika eneo la Central Coast huko [[New South Wales]] na mjini [[Lae, Papua New Guinea]], na baadaye alisomea masuala ya uchumi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney]].<ref>[http://www.chrismansell.com/Background.html Background] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231057/http://www.chrismansell.com/Background.html |date=3 March 2016 }} (Chris Mansell website) Accessed: 5 February 2007.</ref> Alikuwa hai na mwenye ushawishi mkubwa mjini Sydney katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980 kama mhariri na mshairi, na tangu miaka ya 1980 amekuwa akiishi katika pwani ya kusini ya jimbo la NSW, Australia ambapo anaendelea kuandika, kutumbuiza, kuchapisha, na kuhariri kazi mbalimbali. Mnamo mwaka 1978, yeye na [[Dane Thwaites]] walianzisha jarida lililoitwa ''Compass Poetry & Prose'' ambalo lilichapisha kazi za washairi wengi vijana wa Australia wa kipindi hicho. Alilifunga jarida hilo mnamo mwaka 1987 na muda mfupi baadaye, alikuwa mwanachama wa kikundi cha ushirika (kilichomjumuisha [[David Reiter]] miongoni mwa wengine) kilichoanzisha shirika la Five Islands Press. Kwa sasa anaendesha PressPress, shirika dogo na linalojitegemea la uchapishaji wa ushairi alilolianzisha mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref>[http://www.presspress.com.au PressPress website] Accessed: 10 August 2007.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] rtvvqggn8vvgluvt6e0enzerlxfgt7r 0 236594 1546146 2026-05-19T10:22:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Grace Ethel Martyr''' (1888 – 22 Desemba 1934) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Mara nyingi aliandika kazi zake kwa kutumia jina la '''Ethel Martyr'''. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Grace Ethel Martyr alizaliwa mjini [[Ballarat]], Victoria mnamo mwaka 1888, akiwa binti wa pekee wa Grace Flora (jina la kuzaliwa: King) na James Kent Martyr, na alikulia katika mji wa Maldon, Victoria|Ma...' 1546146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ethel Martyr''' (1888 – 22 Desemba 1934) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Mara nyingi aliandika kazi zake kwa kutumia jina la '''Ethel Martyr'''. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Grace Ethel Martyr alizaliwa mjini [[Ballarat]], Victoria mnamo mwaka 1888, akiwa binti wa pekee wa Grace Flora (jina la kuzaliwa: King) na James Kent Martyr, na alikulia katika mji wa [[Maldon, Victoria|Maldon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|title=Grace Ethel Martyr|url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A35660|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A35660|archive-date=11 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-11|website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Katikati ya mwaka 1906, alifaulu mtihani wa uandikishaji wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite news|date=19 June 1906|title=Matriculation|volume=51|page=3|newspaper=The Ballarat Star|issue=15635|location=Victoria, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article210677079|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=12 February 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] tmm1ko1e29qzem4z299u9t8rgy1y6ly 1546147 1546146 2026-05-19T10:23:13Z Egipa 87700 1546147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ethel Martyr''' (1888 – 22 Desemba 1934) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa hadithi fupi, na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Mara nyingi aliandika kazi zake kwa kutumia jina la '''Ethel Martyr'''. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Grace Ethel Martyr alizaliwa mjini [[Ballarat]], Victoria mnamo mwaka 1888, akiwa binti wa pekee wa Grace Flora (jina la kuzaliwa: King) na James Kent Martyr, na alikulia katika mji wa [[Maldon, Victoria|Maldon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|title=Grace Ethel Martyr|url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A35660|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A35660|archive-date=11 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-11|website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Katikati ya mwaka 1906, alifaulu mtihani wa uandikishaji wa Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 June 1906|title=Matriculation|volume=51|page=3|newspaper=The Ballarat Star|issue=15635|location=Victoria, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article210677079|via=National Library of Australia|accessdate=12 February 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 410u1kw5i96mbafg2vsnxg1bci63mnx 0 236595 1546148 2026-05-19T10:25:23Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dorothy Frances McCrae''' (1879 – 9 Aprili 1937) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa diwani yake ya mashairi ya vita iliyoitwa ''Soldier, My Soldier!'' == Maisha ya mapema == Dorothy Frances McCrae alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1879 huko Hawthorn, Victoria. Alikuwa mtoto wa nne kati ya watoto sita wa Augusta Helen (jina la kuzaliwa: Brown) na mshairi mashuhuri [[George Gordon McCrae]].<ref name=":0...' 1546148 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Frances McCrae''' (1879 – 9 Aprili 1937) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa diwani yake ya mashairi ya vita iliyoitwa ''Soldier, My Soldier!'' == Maisha ya mapema == Dorothy Frances McCrae alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1879 huko Hawthorn, Victoria. Alikuwa mtoto wa nne kati ya watoto sita wa Augusta Helen (jina la kuzaliwa: Brown) na mshairi mashuhuri [[George Gordon McCrae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dorothy Frances McCrae |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A20935 |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Birth Certificate: Dorothy Frances McCrae Regn No 23711/1879 |url=https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamily-history/695d6f678e6fdb1df059a391/record/5c65451a4aba80ac3101bac5?q=efamily&givenName=Dorothy%2520Frances&familyName=MCCRAE |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=Births Deaths and Marriages Victoria}}</ref> Kaka yake mkubwa, [[Hugh McCrae]], pia alikuwa mshairi,<ref>{{Citation |last=Rutledge |first=Martha |title=Hugh Raymond McCrae (1876–1958) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-hugh-raymond-7327 |access-date=2026-01-07 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |last2=Cowper |first2=Norman |archive-date=25 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251225035410/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-hugh-raymond-7327 |url-status=live }}</ref> wakati bibi yake mzaa baba, [[Georgiana McCrae]], alikuwa mchoraji na mwandishi wa shajara.<ref>{{Citation |last=Cowper |first=Norman |title=Georgiana Huntly McCrae (1804–1890) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-georgiana-huntly-2392 |access-date=2026-01-07 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226135545/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-georgiana-huntly-2392 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1879|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] jid90sv3b2jnt8m1qtjl11x7t33i3g2 1546211 1546148 2026-05-19T11:53:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1546211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Frances McCrae''' (1879 – 9 Aprili 1937) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa diwani yake ya mashairi ya vita iliyoitwa ''Soldier, My Soldier!'' == Maisha ya mapema == Dorothy Frances McCrae alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1879 huko Hawthorn, Victoria. Alikuwa mtoto wa nne kati ya watoto sita wa Augusta Helen (jina la kuzaliwa: Brown) na mshairi mashuhuri [[George Gordon McCrae]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Dorothy Frances McCrae |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A20935 |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Birth Certificate: Dorothy Frances McCrae Regn No 23711/1879 |url=https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamily-history/695d6f678e6fdb1df059a391/record/5c65451a4aba80ac3101bac5?q=efamily&givenName=Dorothy%2520Frances&familyName=MCCRAE |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=Births Deaths and Marriages Victoria}}</ref> Kaka yake mkubwa, [[Hugh McCrae]], pia alikuwa mshairi,<ref>{{Citation |last=Rutledge |first=Martha |title=Hugh Raymond McCrae (1876–1958) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-hugh-raymond-7327 |access-date=2026-01-07 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |last2=Cowper |first2=Norman |archive-date=25 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251225035410/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-hugh-raymond-7327 |url-status=live }}</ref> wakati bibi yake mzaa baba, [[Georgiana McCrae]], alikuwa mchoraji na mwandishi wa shajara.<ref>{{Citation |last=Cowper |first=Norman |title=Georgiana Huntly McCrae (1804–1890) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-georgiana-huntly-2392 |access-date=2026-01-07 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226135545/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccrae-georgiana-huntly-2392 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1879|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] ddpb0tk5nc3yjl7p9ra1v4jkw6ojaze 0 236596 1546151 2026-05-19T10:29:06Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy May McDonald''' (25 Desemba 1921 – 7 Januari 1974) alikuwa mshairi na mhariri kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Wasifu == Nancy May McDonald alizaliwa mjini [[Eastwood, New South Wales]], mnamo tarehe 25 Desemba 1921. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Hornsby kuanzia mwaka 1934 hadi 1938, na kisha akasoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney ambapo alitunukiwa shahada ya awali ya sanaa mnamo mwaka 1943.<ref>{{Australian Dictionary of Biogra...' 1546151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy May McDonald''' (25 Desemba 1921 – 7 Januari 1974) alikuwa mshairi na mhariri kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Wasifu == Nancy May McDonald alizaliwa mjini [[Eastwood, New South Wales]], mnamo tarehe 25 Desemba 1921. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Hornsby kuanzia mwaka 1934 hadi 1938, na kisha akasoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney ambapo alitunukiwa shahada ya awali ya sanaa mnamo mwaka 1943.<ref>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Roe |first=J. I. |authorlink= |year=2000 |id=A150231b |title= McDonald, Nancy May (Nan) (1921 - 1974) |accessdate=2008-09-05 }}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mhariri katika shirika la uchapishaji la [[Angus and Robertson]], ambapo alibobea katika fasihi ya Australia akishirikiana na wafanyakazi wenzake kama vile [[Alec Bolton]], [[Beatrice Davis]], na [[Douglas Stewart (poet)|Douglas Stewart]]. Mnamo mwaka 1953, alihariri kitabu cha kila mwaka cha mkusanyiko wa mashairi kiitwacho ''Anthology of Australian Poetry''.<ref>''Australian Poets and their Works'', by William Wilde, [[Oxford University Press]], 1996.</ref> Alichapisha kazi yake ya kwanza mnamo mwaka 1947; uchambuzi wa mkusanyiko huo uitwao ''[[Pacific Sea]]'', ulitaja kazi zake kuwa zenye "asili halisi ya Australia" na kusifu "usahihi wake wa hali ya juu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18060944|title=Strength & Sunshine - The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) - 14 Feb 1948|website=Trove|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> Mashairi yake pia yamepata kuelezewa kama yenye "huzuni na mtazamo unaoelekea kwenye kifo".<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry (2nd ed.)|last=Gray|first=Robert|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780191744525|chapter=McDonald, Nan|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199640256.001.0001}}</ref> McDonald alifariki dunia kwa ugonjwa wa saratani akiwa na umri wa miaka 52 mnamo tarehe 7 Januari 1974. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1921|1974}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 6pilk6kmbn944i1wkybjchip5r7xgh7 0 236597 1546152 2026-05-19T10:31:53Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ella May McFadyen''' (26 Novemba 1887 – 22 Agosti 1976) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa habari, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Kwa muda wa miaka 18, aliendesha ukurasa wa watoto ("The Children's Page") katika gazeti la ''[[The Sydney Mail]]'' na alifahamika zaidi kwa jina la kisanii la '''Cinderella'''. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == McFadyen alizaliwa katika eneo la "Burrundulla", kwenye Barabara ya John huko Stanmore...' 1546152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ella May McFadyen''' (26 Novemba 1887 – 22 Agosti 1976) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa habari, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Kwa muda wa miaka 18, aliendesha ukurasa wa watoto ("The Children's Page") katika gazeti la ''[[The Sydney Mail]]'' na alifahamika zaidi kwa jina la kisanii la '''Cinderella'''. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == McFadyen alizaliwa katika eneo la "Burrundulla", kwenye Barabara ya John huko Stanmore, mnamo tarehe 26 Novemba 1887. Wazazi wake walikuwa Donald na Mary (jina la kuzaliwa: Wilson).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13670521|title=Family Notices - The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) - 3 Dec 1887|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1887|1976}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] kumjj2x67x8sypf3fjz4wnikx4i1c8l 0 236598 1546154 2026-05-19T10:39:43Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rhyll McMaster''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1947 mjini [[Brisbane]])<ref name=austlit>{{Cite web |title=Rhyll McMaster |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A3550 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa sasa kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Amewahi kufanya kazi kama katibu, muuguzi, na mfuga kondoo. Kwa sasa anaishi mjini [[Sydney]] na ame...' 1546154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rhyll McMaster''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1947 mjini [[Brisbane]])<ref name=austlit>{{Cite web |title=Rhyll McMaster |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A3550 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> ni mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa sasa kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Amewahi kufanya kazi kama katibu, muuguzi, na mfuga kondoo. Kwa sasa anaishi mjini [[Sydney]] na amekuwa akiandika kazi zake kama mfanyakazi wa kutwa nzima tangu mwaka 2000. Ni mshindi wa Tuzo ya Barbara Jefferis ([[Barbara Jefferis Award]]). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] cprb54jhut0ucdmkyhd6lec8z8a01kv 0 236599 1546156 2026-05-19T10:42:56Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mollie McNutt''' (23 Machi 1885 – 26 Februari 1919) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] ambaye kazi zake zilivuma katika magazeti mengi na aliyefanikiwa kuchapisha kitabu kimoja. == Maisha ya mapema == Mollie alizaliwa kwa jina la Mary E. Shaw, kwa wazazi wake John A. na Margaret Shaw mnamo mwaka 1885 huko West Maitland ([[Maitland, New South Wales|West Maitland]]), New South Wales.<ref>N.S.W. Births, Deaths and Marriages, https://familyhist...' 1546156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mollie McNutt''' (23 Machi 1885 – 26 Februari 1919) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] ambaye kazi zake zilivuma katika magazeti mengi na aliyefanikiwa kuchapisha kitabu kimoja. == Maisha ya mapema == Mollie alizaliwa kwa jina la Mary E. Shaw, kwa wazazi wake John A. na Margaret Shaw mnamo mwaka 1885 huko West Maitland ([[Maitland, New South Wales|West Maitland]]), New South Wales.<ref>N.S.W. Births, Deaths and Marriages, https://familyhistory.bdm.nsw.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search/result?10</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1901, Mary alikuwa mwalimu mwanafunzi katika Shule ya Umma ya Hillgrove ([[Hillgrove, New South Wales|Hillgrove]] Public School) huko N.S.W.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226386846 |title=Government Gazette Appointments and Employment |newspaper=[[Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales]] |issue=810 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=27 September 1901 |access-date=16 December 2020 |page=7480 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> na muda mfupi baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa mwalimu katika Shule ya Umma ya Watoto Wadogo ya West Armidale.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188107834 |title=Local and General News |newspaper=[[The Armidale Chronicle]] |issue=7765 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=21 September 1901 |access-date=16 December 2020 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1911, aliacha kazi ya ualimu ili kuolewa na Andrew McNutt, ambaye alikuwa akifundisha huko Uralla,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article191944076 |title=Local & General |newspaper=[[The Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=14 April 1911 |accessdate=22 December 2020 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article191991507 |title=The Late Mrs. McNutt |newspaper=[[The Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=20 June 1919 |access-date=16 December 2020 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> na ambaye pia alishawahi kuwa mwalimu huko Hillgrove.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article220936158 |title=Government Gazette Appointments and Employment |newspaper=[[Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales]] |issue=209 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=24 April 1903 |access-date=16 December 2020 |page=3117 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/image/15051_a047_006535 |title= Hillgrove Public School – Gymnasium – First Aid Class – Teacher Andrew McNutt |author=|date=1 January 1907 |website=NSW State Archives & Records |access-date=16 December 2020 }}</ref> Muda mfupi baada ya ndoa yao, walihamia Bismuth ili Andrew achukue nafasi ya ualimu,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1912-05-31|title=Events & Rumours|pages=4|work=Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser (NSW : 1856 - 1861; 1863 - 1889; 1891 - 1954)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article191953772|access-date=2021-09-19}}</ref> na ndani ya miaka miwili alihamishiwa Torrington.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1914-11-25|title=TRANSFERS AND APPOINTMENTS.|pages=7126|work=Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article227424620|access-date=2021-09-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1919}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa nchi kwa nchi] fe0em3r6e8r3bcby01i44asaatmpmrr 0 236600 1546157 2026-05-19T10:43:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Mubita''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha SWAPO. Tangu 2 Aprili 2026, ameteuliwa kuwa Waziri katika Ofisi ya Rais (Minister in the Presidency). Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia tangu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geingob describes Muheua as reliable and hardworking – Windhoek Observer|url=https://observer24.com.na/geingob-describes-muheua-as-reliable-and-hardworking/|work=observer24.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] 1s8tses40x0lce521av4spqguz87yf6 0 236601 1546160 2026-05-19T10:47:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wolla Meranda''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Isabella Gertrude Ada Poyitt'''; 1863 – 12 Mei 1951) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa habari, mhariri, na msanii wa sanaa za mikono kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Maisha ya mapema == Gertrude Poyitt alizaliwa mjini [[Bathurst, New South Wales]], Australia, na alikuwa na dada wawili na kaka mmoja.<ref>’Death of Sunny Corner Identity’ Lithgow Mercury 18 May 1951 p. 5</ref> Mama yao alikuwa Elizabeth...' 1546160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wolla Meranda''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Isabella Gertrude Ada Poyitt'''; 1863 – 12 Mei 1951) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa habari, mhariri, na msanii wa sanaa za mikono kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Maisha ya mapema == Gertrude Poyitt alizaliwa mjini [[Bathurst, New South Wales]], Australia, na alikuwa na dada wawili na kaka mmoja.<ref>’Death of Sunny Corner Identity’ Lithgow Mercury 18 May 1951 p. 5</ref> Mama yao alikuwa Elizabeth Armour<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.isfar.org.au/category/explorations/no-65-australian-summer-2018-2019/ |title=Archived copy |website=www.isfar.org.au |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728043205/https://www.isfar.org.au/category/explorations/no-65-australian-summer-2018-2019/ |archive-date=28 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> na baba yao alikuwa David Poyitt (alizaliwa 1823), mchimba madini aliyefariki akiwa amefilisika mnamo mwaka 1864.<ref>‘In Insolvency’, New South Wales Government Gazette, 8 November 1864 p. 2530</ref> Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya utu uzima katika mji mdogo wa wachimbaji madini wa [[Sunny Corner]], umbali wa kilomita 40 kutoka Bathurst, ambapo alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule. Kaka yake, Norman, alikuwa na hisa katika mgodi uliokuwa karibu na eneo la [[Dark Corner, New South Wales|Dark Corner]] na yeye pia aliishi Sunny Corner kwa sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake.<ref>’Sunny Corner: Death of Mr. N. Poyitt’ Lithgow Mercury 8 December 1938 p.7</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1863|1951}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu Australia]] bzsxsaqvgrugmh0imt3ijytjgj1jtwo 0 236602 1546161 2026-05-19T10:47:22Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hilaria Ndiiwana Mukapuli''' (amezaliwa 4 Aprili 1969) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] na mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia, akiwakilisha chama cha SWAPO katika kipindi cha 2020–2025. Pia aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Lüderitz kuanzia 2016 hadi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dienda against resignations for elections|url=https://www.africa-press.net/namibia/all-news/dienda-against-resignations-for-elections|work=Namibia|date=2022-02-18|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=cfeditoren}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rnj9g89rv0tejjmwwqnimo2g4eilhte 0 236603 1546164 2026-05-19T10:50:43Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Finola Moorhead''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1947) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, mwandishi wa insha, mshairi, na mhakiki kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Maudhui ya kazi zake yanajumuisha wanawake na uandishi, akibadilishana kati ya ukweli na hadithi za kubuni,<ref name="HoltLynch1996">{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=Stephanie|last2=Lynch|first2=Maryanne|title=Motherlode|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6wjxIHDLPEC&pg=PT224...' 1546164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Finola Moorhead''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1947) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, mwandishi wa insha, mshairi, na mhakiki kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Maudhui ya kazi zake yanajumuisha wanawake na uandishi, akibadilishana kati ya ukweli na hadithi za kubuni,<ref name="HoltLynch1996">{{cite book|last1=Holt|first1=Stephanie|last2=Lynch|first2=Maryanne|title=Motherlode|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6wjxIHDLPEC&pg=PT224|year=1996|publisher=Spinifex Press|isbn=978-0-908205-11-0|page=224}}</ref> kukiwa na mada za upinzani dhidi ya mifumo na mbinu za kujinusuru.<ref name="Dunsford2004">{{cite book|last=Dunsford|first=Cathie|title=Ao Toa: Earth Warriors|url=https://archive.org/details/aotoaearthwarrio0000duns|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Spinifex Press|isbn=978-1-876756-43-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/aotoaearthwarrio0000duns/page/324 324]}}</ref> Moorhead anashiriki kikamilifu katika vuguvugu la ukombozi wa wanawake, na katika miaka ya 1980, alikuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa haki za wanawake ([[Radical feminism|radical feminist]]).<ref name="austlit.edu.au">{{cite web|title=Finola Moorhead|url=http://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A28904|publisher=AustLit|accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref> Kutokana na changamoto aliyojiwekea, aliwahi kuandika kitabu kisicho na mhusika yeyote wa kiume. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947||}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] dzgihvrpjmzwmpde87a3unog5w598tu 0 236604 1546165 2026-05-19T10:53:10Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Myra Morris''' (15 Mei 1893 – 18 Agosti 1966) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Maisha ya mapema na kazi ya uandishi == Morris alizaliwa katika mji wa mashambani wa [[Boort]] huko Victoria. Baba yake aliyetokea nchini Uingereza alikuwa akimiliki mfululizo wa maduka ya vyakula na mazao katika miji mbalimbali ya mashambani, na Morris alitumia ujana wake akiishi katika maeneo tofauti...' 1546165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myra Morris''' (15 Mei 1893 – 18 Agosti 1966) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Maisha ya mapema na kazi ya uandishi == Morris alizaliwa katika mji wa mashambani wa [[Boort]] huko Victoria. Baba yake aliyetokea nchini Uingereza alikuwa akimiliki mfululizo wa maduka ya vyakula na mazao katika miji mbalimbali ya mashambani, na Morris alitumia ujana wake akiishi katika maeneo tofauti tofauti. Alisoma katika shule ya utawa ya Rochester Brigidine Convent ([[Rochester, Victoria|Rochester]] Brigidine Convent) ambapo mwalimu wake wa Kiingereza alimtia moyo na kumhimiza kuanza kuandika.<ref name=adb>[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/morris-myra-evelyn-7660 Australian Dictionary of Biography - "Morris, Myra Evelyn (1893–1966)" by D.J. Jordan]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1893|1966}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] hj9g90ufkxfhu7zyl1bi1yjybgg6gvk 0 236605 1546166 2026-05-19T10:55:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Epafras Mukwiilongo''' (amezaliwa 1971 au 1972) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] wa Namibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reduced victory … Swapo, Geingob drop votes|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/reduced-victory-swapo-geingob-drop-votes/|work=The Namibian|date=2019-12-02|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=The Namibian}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi na kiongozi anayejitambulisha kama “Commander-in-Chief” wa chama cha Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters tangu kuanzishwa kwake tarehe 24 Juni 2014. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o0zur5trou60t8k2ahv5pv6mj5v52p9 0 236606 1546167 2026-05-19T10:56:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Madoline "Nina" Murdoch''' (19 Oktoba 1890 – 16 Aprili 1976), pia alifahamika kwa jina la ndoa kama '''Madoline Brown''' na jina la kisanii kama '''Manin''', alikuwa mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya Australia. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake za wasifu, mashairi, na maandishi ya kusafiri, pamoja na kuwa mtangazaji wa redio na mwalimu. Alikuwa mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, lakini anakumbukwa zaidi leo kwa kuanzisha Klabu ya Argonauts (Arg...' 1546167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madoline "Nina" Murdoch''' (19 Oktoba 1890 – 16 Aprili 1976), pia alifahamika kwa jina la ndoa kama '''Madoline Brown''' na jina la kisanii kama '''Manin''', alikuwa mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya Australia. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake za wasifu, mashairi, na maandishi ya kusafiri, pamoja na kuwa mtangazaji wa redio na mwalimu. Alikuwa mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, lakini anakumbukwa zaidi leo kwa kuanzisha Klabu ya Argonauts ([[Argonauts Club]]), ambayo katika mfumo wake wa pili (lakini kwa kiasi kikubwa ikifuata maono yake) ilikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika utamaduni wa Australia wa baada ya vita. == Wasifu == Nina alizaliwa kwa jina la Madoline Murdoch, akiwa binti wa tatu wa John Andrew Murdoch, ambaye alikuwa Katibu wa Sheria kutoka [[North Carlton, Victoria]], na mke wake Rebecca Murphy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madoline Murdoch's Birth Certificate online|url=https://online.justice.vic.gov.au/bdm/indexsearch.doj?viewSequence=200&language=en&trxId=IDX&commandAction_displayDetailsAction%3DC606799E4D03B7201D7A905711255601|website=Births Deaths and Marriages Victoria|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> Familia hiyo ilihamia [[Woodburn, New South Wales]], ambako Nina alikulia, akisoma kwanza katika shule ambayo mama yake alikuwa akifundisha, na baadaye katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Sydney (Sydney Girls' High School); hapa ndipo nia yake ya uandishi ilipoanza. Alianza maisha yake ya kazi akifundisha pamoja na mama yake, na baadaye katika Shule ya Maandalizi ya Wavulana ya Sydney. Baada ya hapo, alipata nafasi katika gazeti la Sydney Sun kama mmoja wa waandishi wa habari wa kwanza wa kike, na akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kuripoti midahalo ya Seneti ya Australia ([[Australian Senate|Senate]]). Alicheza ndoa na mwandishi wa habari mwenzake (na mwalimu wa zamani) James Duncan McKay Brown mnamo tarehe 19 Desemba 1917. Walihamia Victoria, ambapo wote wawili walifanya kazi katika gazeti la Melbourne la [[The Sun News-Pictorial|Sun News-Pictorial]], huku Nina mara nyingi akitumia jina la kisanii la 'Manin'. Mnamo mwaka 1927, alisafiri peke yake kupitia Uingereza na Ulaya, akikusanya nyenzo kwa ajili ya kitabu chake cha kwanza cha kusafiri kilichoitwa ''Seventh Heaven''.<ref name="adb">{{cite web|last1=Edgar|first1=Suzanne|title=Murdoch, Madoline (Nina) (1890-1976)|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/murdoch-madoline-nina-7694|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1890|1976}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Australia]] fj6dfms7p9uher32ich02fiz07u3ymt 0 236607 1546168 2026-05-19T10:58:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elva Díaz''' ni mkurugenzi wa idara ya taaluma ya dawa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]]. Davis pia ni mtafiti aliyebobea katika maendeleo ya [[biolojia]] katika [[neva]] , akitumia panya kujifunza taratibu za molekuli za ukuaji wa ubongo. Diaz ni mpokeaji wa National Institutes of Health Director's New Innovator Award, pamoja na UC Davis ADVANCE Scholar Award.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Elva Diaz – The Grass Foundation |url=https://grassfo...' 1546168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elva Díaz''' ni mkurugenzi wa idara ya taaluma ya dawa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]]. Davis pia ni mtafiti aliyebobea katika maendeleo ya [[biolojia]] katika [[neva]] , akitumia panya kujifunza taratibu za molekuli za ukuaji wa ubongo. Diaz ni mpokeaji wa National Institutes of Health Director's New Innovator Award, pamoja na UC Davis ADVANCE Scholar Award.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Elva Diaz – The Grass Foundation |url=https://grassfoundation.org/people/elva-diaz/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ja0x0xoa3hwmdoauxvd9wtth88tvrbj 0 236608 1546170 2026-05-19T10:59:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jill Adelaide Neville''' (29 Mei 1932 – 11 Juni 1997) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, na mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name="indie">{{cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |title=Obituary: Jill Neville |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-jill-neville-1255745.html |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=14 Juni 1997 |language=en |accessdate=19 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == V...' 1546170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Adelaide Neville''' (29 Mei 1932 – 11 Juni 1997) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, na mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref name="indie">{{cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |title=Obituary: Jill Neville |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-jill-neville-1255745.html |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=14 Juni 1997 |language=en |accessdate=19 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-jill-neville-1255745.html Taarifa ya Kifo cha Jill Neville] katika gazeti la ''The Independent'' (kwa Kiingereza). {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1932|1997}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] jfg0jwandsya9loc3l6mk3mcmhqo3k8 0 236609 1546172 2026-05-19T11:03:21Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Oodgeroo Noonuccal''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska'''; 3 Novemba 1920 – 16 Septemba 1993), ambaye zamani alijulikana kama '''Kath Walker''', alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa, msanii, na mwalimu kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Wenyeji wa Australia|Kiasili (Aboriginal)]], ambaye alipigania haki za wenyeji hao.<ref name="awap">{{cite web |last=Land |first=Clare |title=Oodgeroo Noonuccal (1920–1993) |publisher=Australian...' 1546172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oodgeroo Noonuccal''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska'''; 3 Novemba 1920 – 16 Septemba 1993), ambaye zamani alijulikana kama '''Kath Walker''', alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa, msanii, na mwalimu kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Wenyeji wa Australia|Kiasili (Aboriginal)]], ambaye alipigania haki za wenyeji hao.<ref name="awap">{{cite web |last=Land |first=Clare |title=Oodgeroo Noonuccal (1920–1993) |publisher=Australian Women's Archives Project |date=16 September 2013 |url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0082b.htm |access-date=23 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133319/http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0082b.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Noonuccal anajulikana zaidi kwa ushairi wake, na alikuwa Mwenyeji wa kwanza wa Australia kuchapisha kitabu cha mashairi.<ref>"Oodgeroo Noonuccal." ''Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement'', Vol. 27. Gale, 2007</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|1993}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 2x00nc62wnmynf9del8g1f1ay5cgf7g 0 236610 1546173 2026-05-19T11:07:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pixie O'Harris''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Rhona Olive Harris'''; 15 Oktoba 1903 – 17 Novemba 1991), hapo awali akijulikana kama '''Pixie O. Harris''',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64237785 |title=In Black and White: The Art of Pixie O. Harris |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)]] |volume=XC |issue=26,433 |location=South Australia |date=15 September 1925 |accessdate=9 June 2025 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref...' 1546173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pixie O'Harris''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Rhona Olive Harris'''; 15 Oktoba 1903 – 17 Novemba 1991), hapo awali akijulikana kama '''Pixie O. Harris''',<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64237785 |title=In Black and White: The Art of Pixie O. Harris |newspaper=[[The Register (Adelaide)]] |volume=XC |issue=26,433 |location=South Australia |date=15 September 1925 |accessdate=9 June 2025 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> alikuwa msanii, mchoraji wa vitabu, magazeti na majarida, mwandishi, mtangazaji, mchoraji wa katuni za kejeli (caricaturist) na katuni za kawaida, mbunifu wa vibandiko vya vitabu (bookplates), majarida ya noti za muziki na vifaa vya ofisini, na mchoraji wa michoro ya ukutani ya mtindo wa ngano za kishujaa (fairy-style) kwenye wodi za hospitali za watoto kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] aliyezaliwa nchini Wales. Alikuwa mlezi rasmi wa Hospitali ya Watoto ya Royal Alexandra ([[Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children]]) mjini Sydney mnamo mwaka 1977.<ref name="NFAW">{{cite web |last1=Heywood |first1=Anne |title=O'Harris, Pixie (1903–1991) |url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0189b.htm |website=The Australian Women's Register |publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women (NFAW), University of Melbourne |accessdate=21 April 2019 |date=2002}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1903|1991}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] so1iuusb0e3k1r9qf3wbynhbs8djzcb 0 236611 1546176 2026-05-19T11:09:42Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Mulunga''' (amezaliwa 24 Aprili 1989) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] kutoka chama cha Independent Patriots for Change (IPC). Tangu mwaka 2025, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Namibia. Mulunga alizaliwa na kukulia Windhoek, na hapo awali alifanya kazi katika sekta ya ufugaji wa kuku.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poultry farmer shares her passion|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/poultry-farmer-shares-her-passion/|work=The Namibian|date=2021-12-13|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=The Namibian}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6vwy7kkez4j88rkacun2ljyuv67vawf 0 236612 1546177 2026-05-19T11:10:44Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Olive Alicia Ades Pell''' (29 Oktoba 1903 – 23 Januari 2002) alikuwa mshitunzi wa maktaba (kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]) na mshairi. == Maisha na kazi == Olive Pell alizaliwa mjini [[Kalgoorlie]], Australia Magharibi mnamo tarehe 29 Oktoba 1903.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Olive Pell |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A18746 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</...' 1546177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olive Alicia Ades Pell''' (29 Oktoba 1903 – 23 Januari 2002) alikuwa mshitunzi wa maktaba (kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]) na mshairi. == Maisha na kazi == Olive Pell alizaliwa mjini [[Kalgoorlie]], Australia Magharibi mnamo tarehe 29 Oktoba 1903.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Olive Pell |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A18746 |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> Alipata elimu yake katika Shule ya Anglikana ya Wasichana ya St Hilda ([[St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls]]) mjini Perth kuanzia mwaka 1916 hadi 1918.<ref>{{Citation |author1=Pell, Olive |title=Girls' High School : Interview with Miss Olive Pell |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/202788247 |publication-date=1991 |access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1903|2002}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 1hf7ifrfmrcz52hduipro5bqo4in052 0 236613 1546178 2026-05-19T11:11:13Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johannes Max Proskauer''' ([[Desemba 5]], [[1923]] – [[Desemba 20]], [[1970]]) alizaliwa [[Göttingen]], [[Ujerumani]].Alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California|Chuo kikuu cha California]],[[Berkeley, California|brekely]]. Alisafiri kwenda [[Uingereza]] kupitia Kindertransport. Mama yake alifariki mwaka 1943 na baba yake aliuawa Auschwitz<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boyd |first=Julia |title=A Village in the Third Reich |year=2022 |asin=B09...' 1546178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johannes Max Proskauer''' ([[Desemba 5]], [[1923]] – [[Desemba 20]], [[1970]]) alizaliwa [[Göttingen]], [[Ujerumani]].Alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California|Chuo kikuu cha California]],[[Berkeley, California|brekely]]. Alisafiri kwenda [[Uingereza]] kupitia Kindertransport. Mama yake alifariki mwaka 1943 na baba yake aliuawa Auschwitz<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boyd |first=Julia |title=A Village in the Third Reich |year=2022 |asin=B09RMQRR9T}}</ref>.Alisoma Uingereza kisha kwenda [[Marekani]] mnamo mwaka 1957 na kupata uraia wa Marekani mwaka huo == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1970]] 64ryxqpjvcyxse53uckigqxnpygngem 0 236614 1546179 2026-05-19T11:13:39Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dkr. Grace Perry''' (26 Januari 1927 — 3 Julai 1987)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Perry, Grace Amelia |url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE6128b.htm |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=The Australian Women's Register |language=en-gb}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, na mwanzilishi pamoja na mhariri wa shirika la uchapishaji la South Head Press na jarida la ''Poetry Australia'' kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Shirika lake la uchapi...' 1546179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dkr. Grace Perry''' (26 Januari 1927 — 3 Julai 1987)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Perry, Grace Amelia |url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE6128b.htm |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=The Australian Women's Register |language=en-gb}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, na mwanzilishi pamoja na mhariri wa shirika la uchapishaji la South Head Press na jarida la ''Poetry Australia'' kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Shirika lake la uchapishaji na jarida lake vilikuwa chachu ya kuanzia kiwango cha mafanikio kwa washairi wengi mashuhuri wa Australia kama vile [[Bruce Beaver]], [[Les Murray (poet)|Les Murray]], [[John Tranter]], na [[John Millett (poet)|John Millett]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|1987}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 4hg1niwi4n8bv0fd80honobufgfkuvy 0 236615 1546180 2026-05-19T11:14:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Eleanor Power''' ni Profesa wa Shule ya Wahitimu katika Idara ya [[Biolojia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Power ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi cha Marekani .<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20005739.html | title=Mary Power }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://esa.org/history/presidents/ | title=Presidents – Historical Records Committee &#124; Ecolo...' 1546180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Eleanor Power''' ni Profesa wa Shule ya Wahitimu katika Idara ya [[Biolojia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Power ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi cha Marekani .<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20005739.html | title=Mary Power }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://esa.org/history/presidents/ | title=Presidents – Historical Records Committee &#124; Ecological Society of America }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 69nyjiqu01n0eikohnm5fgn6wei8du9 0 236616 1546181 2026-05-19T11:17:06Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Phyllis Piddington''' (9 Oktoba 1910 – 8 Julai 2001) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Akiwa binti mkubwa wa daktari wa miwani wa mjini [[Melbourne]] William James na Lilian Aird, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza kuhitimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne]] na kutunukiwa shahada ya uzamili (MA). Baada ya ndoa yake mnamo mwaka 1938, alielekea nchini Uingereza kwa ajili ya masomo na kufundisha, ambapo alitunza maisha yake wakati wa vita...' 1546181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phyllis Piddington''' (9 Oktoba 1910 – 8 Julai 2001) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Akiwa binti mkubwa wa daktari wa miwani wa mjini [[Melbourne]] William James na Lilian Aird, alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza kuhitimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne]] na kutunukiwa shahada ya uzamili (MA). Baada ya ndoa yake mnamo mwaka 1938, alielekea nchini Uingereza kwa ajili ya masomo na kufundisha, ambapo alitunza maisha yake wakati wa vita huko [[Aberystwyth]].<ref name ="Austlit">{{cite web |title=Phyllis Piddington |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A14717 |website=AustLit |date = 10 March 2007 |access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910|2001}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] e189gvoe0ozlqeeneiir6svvabijtj3 0 236617 1546182 2026-05-19T11:17:20Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer''' ([[Januari 6]], [[1914]] – [[Desemba 26]], [[1997]]) alikuwa [[mwanakemia]],mwalimu, na rais wa chuo nchini [[Marekani]]. Alielezewa kama "mmoja wa wanakemia wa kimwili wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa enzi yake" ambaye kazi yake "ilizunguka karibu maeneo yote muhimu ya kemia ya kimwili.<ref>{{cite web |editor1-first=Sally Smith |editor1-last=Hughes |editor2-first=Germaine |editor2-last=Leberge |year=1999 |title=Chemist and Administ...' 1546182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer''' ([[Januari 6]], [[1914]] – [[Desemba 26]], [[1997]]) alikuwa [[mwanakemia]],mwalimu, na rais wa chuo nchini [[Marekani]]. Alielezewa kama "mmoja wa wanakemia wa kimwili wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa enzi yake" ambaye kazi yake "ilizunguka karibu maeneo yote muhimu ya kemia ya kimwili.<ref>{{cite web |editor1-first=Sally Smith |editor1-last=Hughes |editor2-first=Germaine |editor2-last=Leberge |year=1999 |title=Chemist and Administrator at UC Berkeley, Rice University, and Stanford University, and the Atomic Energy Commission, 1935–1997 |publisher=Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt3s20030f&brand=calisphere}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1997]] nuyquj2l8o88jj1eiakq8dgek6fbx9u 0 236618 1546184 2026-05-19T11:19:59Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dorothy Featherstone Porter''' (26 Machi 1954 – 10 Desemba 2008) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Christopher Brennan ([[Christopher Brennan Award]]) kwa ajili ya mafanikio ya maisha yake yote katika uwanja wa ushairi. == Maisha ya mapema == Porter alizaliwa mjini Sydney. Baba yake alikuwa mwanasheria [[Chester Porter]] na mama yake, Jean, alikuwa mwalimu wa kemia katika shule ya upili. Porter alisoma katika Sh...' 1546184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Featherstone Porter''' (26 Machi 1954 – 10 Desemba 2008) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Christopher Brennan ([[Christopher Brennan Award]]) kwa ajili ya mafanikio ya maisha yake yote katika uwanja wa ushairi. == Maisha ya mapema == Porter alizaliwa mjini Sydney. Baba yake alikuwa mwanasheria [[Chester Porter]] na mama yake, Jean, alikuwa mwalimu wa kemia katika shule ya upili. Porter alisoma katika Shule ya Wasichana ya Queenwood ([[Queenwood School for Girls]]). Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney]] mnamo mwaka 1975 na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya sanaa (Bachelor of Arts) akibobea katika masomo ya Kiingereza na Historia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorothy Porter |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A5888 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] gd1tsr3xsy148dqbtvu5szdiu8vre27 1546212 1546184 2026-05-19T11:54:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1546212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Featherstone Porter''' (26 Machi 1954 – 10 Desemba 2008) alikuwa mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Christopher Brennan ([[Christopher Brennan Award]]) kwa ajili ya mafanikio ya maisha yake yote katika uwanja wa ushairi. == Maisha ya mapema == Porter alizaliwa mjini Sydney. Baba yake alikuwa mwanasheria [[Chester Porter]] na mama yake, Jean, alikuwa mwalimu wa kemia katika shule ya upili. Porter alisoma katika Shule ya Wasichana ya Queenwood ([[Queenwood School for Girls]]). Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney]] mnamo mwaka 1975 na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya sanaa (Bachelor of Arts) akibobea katika masomo ya Kiingereza na Historia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Dorothy Porter |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A5888 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] i45dnanh9kt3j7f419yi1ns8j39sh51 0 236619 1546185 2026-05-19T11:23:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Judea Pearl''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 4]], [[1936]]) ni [[Uhandisi wa umeme|mhandisi wa umeme]], [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta na [[mwanafalsafa]] mwenye uraia wa [[Israeli]] na [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kutetea mbinu ya uwezekano kwa akili mnemba na maendeleo ya mtandao wa Bayesian. Alipokea Tuzo ya Turing ([[2011]]) kwa mchango wake katika [[Akili mnemba|akili mnemba]].<ref name="bbva">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2021). J...' 1546185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judea Pearl''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 4]], [[1936]]) ni [[Uhandisi wa umeme|mhandisi wa umeme]], [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta na [[mwanafalsafa]] mwenye uraia wa [[Israeli]] na [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kutetea mbinu ya uwezekano kwa akili mnemba na maendeleo ya mtandao wa Bayesian. Alipokea Tuzo ya Turing ([[2011]]) kwa mchango wake katika [[Akili mnemba|akili mnemba]].<ref name="bbva">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2021). Judea Pearl – [https://www.frontiersofknowledgeawards-fbbva.es/noticias/the-frontiers-of-knowledge-award-goes-to-judea-pearl-for-laying-the-foundations-of-modern-artificial-intelligence-so-computer-systems-can-process-uncertainty-and-associate-causes-and-effects/ Announcement] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaq389ckd5o Speech], June 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2ykebs4tsht6tug6j3idbie6dudfrvk 0 236620 1546186 2026-05-19T11:23:54Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jennifer Rankin''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Jennifer Mary Haynes'''; 28 Novemba 1941 – 8 Desemba 1979) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Rankin |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100404170 |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cassidy |first=Bonny |title=Pre-thought: Jennifer Rankin's...' 1546186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Rankin''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Jennifer Mary Haynes'''; 28 Novemba 1941 – 8 Desemba 1979) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Rankin |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100404170 |access-date=2021-11-01 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cassidy |first=Bonny |title=Pre-thought: Jennifer Rankin's Littoral Topography |journal=Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=511–526 |doi=10.1093/isle/isr085 |jstor=44087004 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 37fvvimq3pzohbmcbh4oi3tt90tmc8k 0 236621 1546188 2026-05-19T11:24:55Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie-Elisabeth Lucienne Paté-Cornell''' (alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni Profesa wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] katika Idara ya Sayansi ya Usimamizi na Uhandisi na alikuwa Mwenyekiti Mwanzilishi wa Idara hiyo.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|title=Fellows: Alphabetical List|publisher=[[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]|accessdate=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://we...' 1546188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Elisabeth Lucienne Paté-Cornell''' (alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni Profesa wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] katika Idara ya Sayansi ya Usimamizi na Uhandisi na alikuwa Mwenyekiti Mwanzilishi wa Idara hiyo.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|title=Fellows: Alphabetical List|publisher=[[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]|accessdate=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510220119/https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|archive-date=2019-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1vrojalafsl9ewflvsrh2v893a172m5 1546189 1546188 2026-05-19T11:26:14Z Ally0111 85292 1546189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Elisabeth Lucienne Paté-Cornell''' (alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[Profesa]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] katika Idara ya Sayansi ya Usimamizi na Uhandisi na alikuwa Mwenyekiti Mwanzilishi wa Idara hiyo.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|title=Fellows: Alphabetical List|publisher=[[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]|accessdate=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510220119/https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|archive-date=2019-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nvdrw47rwosms0ibr2jfbzgratt0f8e 0 236622 1546191 2026-05-19T11:28:37Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kerry Reed-Gilbert''' (24 Oktoba 1956 – 13 Julai 2019) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, mkusanyaji wa kazi za sanaa, mhariri, mwalimu, mtetezi wa waandishi wa kiasili, na mwanaharakati wa haki za [[Wenyeji wa Australia|Kiasili (Aboriginal)]] kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kabila la [[Wiradjuri]]. == Maisha ya mapema == Alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 24 Oktoba 1956 katikati ya jimbo la [[New South Wales]].<ref name="austlit">{{cite web |title=Ke...' 1546191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kerry Reed-Gilbert''' (24 Oktoba 1956 – 13 Julai 2019) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, mkusanyaji wa kazi za sanaa, mhariri, mwalimu, mtetezi wa waandishi wa kiasili, na mwanaharakati wa haki za [[Wenyeji wa Australia|Kiasili (Aboriginal)]] kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kabila la [[Wiradjuri]]. == Maisha ya mapema == Alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 24 Oktoba 1956 katikati ya jimbo la [[New South Wales]].<ref name="austlit">{{cite web |title=Kerry Reed-Gilbert |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A32818 |website=[[Austlit]] |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> Reed-Gilbert alibaki yatima akiwa na umri wa miezi mitatu tu baada ya baba yake, mwandishi [[Kevin Gilbert (author)|Kevin Gilbert]], kumuua mama yake, Gomah Gilbert (jina la kuzaliwa: Scott). Reed-Gilbert alilelewa na dada wa baba yake, ambaye alimwita "Mummy" (Mama), na akawa mtoto mdogo zaidi kati ya watoto wanane wa familia hiyo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1956|2019}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Australia]] okfymucrw8am0kp3ygahl4q1rc034ry 0 236623 1546192 2026-05-19T11:31:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Marlene Mungunda''' (amezaliwa 11 Septemba 1954 huko Mariental, Mkoa wa Hardap) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu katika wizara mbalimbali kama waziri. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwalimu, na alifanya kazi ya ualimu kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mungunda Maria Marline|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/mungunda-maria-marline/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] 08f5sxre91yj8r9ybleljvwsroaqxen 0 236624 1546194 2026-05-19T11:33:26Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elizabeth Riddell''' (21 Machi 1910 – 3 Julai 1998) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[New Zealand]].<ref name="Austlit">{{cite web | title = Riddell, Elizabeth | publisher = AustLit | date = 5 June 2007 | url = http://www.austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=Awx | access-date = 2007-05-12 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910|1998}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]]...' 1546194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Riddell''' (21 Machi 1910 – 3 Julai 1998) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[New Zealand]].<ref name="Austlit">{{cite web | title = Riddell, Elizabeth | publisher = AustLit | date = 5 June 2007 | url = http://www.austlit.edu.au/run?ex=ShowAgent&agentId=Awx | access-date = 2007-05-12 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910|1998}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa New Zealand]] sjgjo43e6kegb5svqsy6a36r9xty88p 0 236625 1546196 2026-05-19T11:37:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robyn Lea Rowland''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1952)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rowland, Robyn (1952–)|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/470209|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Trove}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, na msomi mstaafu kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya Ireland. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]]' 1546196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robyn Lea Rowland''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1952)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rowland, Robyn (1952–)|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/470209|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Trove}}</ref> alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, na msomi mstaafu kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya Ireland. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] ej2ed61nh6u9lx6ul3y4nq1akjld4yn 0 236626 1546197 2026-05-19T11:40:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Margaret Daphne Scott''' (20 Juni 1934 – 29 Agosti 2005) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, mchekeshaji, mwalimu, na msomi wa umma kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Historia yake == Margaret Daphne Russell alizaliwa mjini Bristol, nchini Uingereza, akiwa binti wa Edward Russell. Alipata elimu yake katika Shule ya Upili ya Redland (Redland High School) na baadaye akajiunga na Chuo cha Newnham kilichopo Cambridge ([[Newnham College, Cambridge]]) kusomea masomo...' 1546197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaret Daphne Scott''' (20 Juni 1934 – 29 Agosti 2005) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, mchekeshaji, mwalimu, na msomi wa umma kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Historia yake == Margaret Daphne Russell alizaliwa mjini Bristol, nchini Uingereza, akiwa binti wa Edward Russell. Alipata elimu yake katika Shule ya Upili ya Redland (Redland High School) na baadaye akajiunga na Chuo cha Newnham kilichopo Cambridge ([[Newnham College, Cambridge]]) kusomea masomo ya Kiingereza mnamo mwaka 1953, ambapo alihitimu mwaka 1956. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kizazi kimoja na mshairi mashuhuri [[Sylvia Plath]] walipokuwa Cambridge.<ref>Newnham College Register, Volume III</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2005}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa Uingereza]] o6buoudru8tfdkuvlwogs90r0w3nfr1 0 236627 1546198 2026-05-19T11:43:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gladys Skelton''' (6 Septemba 1885 – 29 Septemba 1975) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza kutoka nchi za [[Australia]] na Uingereza, ambaye aliandika kazi zake akitumia jina la kisanii la '''John Presland'''. == Maisha ya mapema == Gladys Skelton alizaliwa kwa jina la Gladys Williams mjini Melbourne mnamo mwaka 1885.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Gladys Skelton|url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A46970|...' 1546198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gladys Skelton''' (6 Septemba 1885 – 29 Septemba 1975) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza kutoka nchi za [[Australia]] na Uingereza, ambaye aliandika kazi zake akitumia jina la kisanii la '''John Presland'''. == Maisha ya mapema == Gladys Skelton alizaliwa kwa jina la Gladys Williams mjini Melbourne mnamo mwaka 1885.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Gladys Skelton|url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A46970|access-date=30 July 2020|website=AusLit|archive-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818092437/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A46970|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1975}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 88t3ef5zhirgtb92yv9vxhqd5a7msfn 0 236628 1546200 2026-05-19T11:46:12Z Said Mfaume 68307 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351598820|Christian Bale]]" 1546200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Christian Bale|image=Christian Bale-7837.jpg|alt=A headshot portrait of Bale in 2019|watoto=2|signature=Christian Bale Signature.svg}}'''Christian Charles Philip Bale''' (alizaliwa Januari 30, 1974) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchini Uingereza. {{Efn|Bale has said: "I was born in Wales but I'm not Welsh—I'm English".<ref name="bale-is-english" />}} Anajulikana zaidi kwa uhodari wake wa mabadiliko ya kimwili kwa ajili ya nyusika zake. Amewahi kushinda [[Tuzo za Akademi|Tuzo ya Academy]] na [[Golden Globe|Tuzo mbili za Golden Globe]], pamoja na teuzi nne za [[Tuzo za BAFTA|Tuzo za Filamu za British Academy]] . Alikuwa mmoja kati ya waigizaji waliolipwa zaidi mwaka wa 2014, na baadaye jarida la ''The Independent'' lilimtaja kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wakubwa wa karne ya 21. == Marejeleo == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Jisomee == * Holmstrom, John (1996). ''Mvulana wa Picha Anayesonga: Ensaiklopidia ya Kimataifa kuanzia 1895 hadi 1995.'' [[Norwich]] : Michael Russell. uk.&nbsp;394. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0859551786|<bdi>978-0859551786</bdi>]] . == Viungo vya nje == * Christian Bale at IMDb * Christian Bale collected news and commentary at The New York Times [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu wa kiume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] 1usisgtlck6233ey42memo3ue314fjv 1546210 1546200 2026-05-19T11:53:24Z Said Mfaume 68307 1546210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Christian Bale | picha = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | maelezo = Bale mnamo 2019 | alt = A headshot portrait of Bale in 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Christian Charles Philip Bale | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|1|30}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Haverfordwest]], Pembrokeshire, Wales | uraia = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}} | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | miaka ya kazi = 1986–p=hadi sasa | kazi = [[Christian Bale filmography|Full list]] | ndoa = {{marriage|Sibi Blažić|29 January 2000}} | watoto = 2 | baba = [[David Bale]] | ndugu = [[Gloria Steinem]] (mama wa kambo) | tuzo = [[List of awards and nominations received by Christian Bale|Full list]] | signature = Christian Bale Signature.svg }} '''Christian Charles Philip Bale''' (alizaliwa Januari 30, 1974) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchini Uingereza. {{Efn|Bale has said: "I was born in Wales but I'm not Welsh—I'm English".<ref name="bale-is-english" />}} Anajulikana zaidi kwa uhodari wake wa mabadiliko ya kimwili kwa ajili ya nyusika zake. Amewahi kushinda [[Tuzo za Akademi|Tuzo ya Academy]] na [[Golden Globe|Tuzo mbili za Golden Globe]], pamoja na teuzi nne za [[Tuzo za BAFTA|Tuzo za Filamu za British Academy]] . Alikuwa mmoja kati ya waigizaji waliolipwa zaidi mwaka wa 2014, na baadaye jarida la ''The Independent'' lilimtaja kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wakubwa wa karne ya 21. == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Jisomee == * Holmstrom, John (1996). ''Mvulana wa Picha Anayesonga: Ensaiklopidia ya Kimataifa kuanzia 1895 hadi 1995.'' [[Norwich]] : Michael Russell. uk.&nbsp;394. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0859551786|<bdi>978-0859551786</bdi>]] . == Viungo vya nje == * Christian Bale at IMDb * Christian Bale collected news and commentary at The New York Times [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu wa kiume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] r13w7vuous8w7soly98rp325o8h4lok 1546213 1546210 2026-05-19T11:54:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 1546213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Christian Bale | picha = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | maelezo = Bale mnamo 2019 | alt = A headshot portrait of Bale in 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Christian Charles Philip Bale | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|1|30}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Haverfordwest]], Pembrokeshire, Wales | uraia = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}} | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | miaka ya kazi = 1986–p=hadi sasa | kazi = [[Christian Bale filmography|Full list]] | ndoa = {{marriage|Sibi Blažić|29 January 2000}} | watoto = 2 | baba = [[David Bale]] | ndugu = [[Gloria Steinem]] (mama wa kambo) | tuzo = [[List of awards and nominations received by Christian Bale|Full list]] | signature = Christian Bale Signature.svg }} '''Christian Charles Philip Bale''' (alizaliwa Januari 30, 1974) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchini Uingereza. {{Efn|<ref>Bale has said: "I was born in Wales but I'm not Welsh—I'm English".<ref/>}} Anajulikana zaidi kwa uhodari wake wa mabadiliko ya kimwili kwa ajili ya nyusika zake. Amewahi kushinda [[Tuzo za Akademi|Tuzo ya Academy]] na [[Golden Globe|Tuzo mbili za Golden Globe]], pamoja na teuzi nne za [[Tuzo za BAFTA|Tuzo za Filamu za British Academy]] . Alikuwa mmoja kati ya waigizaji waliolipwa zaidi mwaka wa 2014, na baadaye jarida la ''The Independent'' lilimtaja kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wakubwa wa karne ya 21. == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Jisomee == * Holmstrom, John (1996). ''Mvulana wa Picha Anayesonga: Ensaiklopidia ya Kimataifa kuanzia 1895 hadi 1995.'' [[Norwich]] : Michael Russell. uk.&nbsp;394. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0859551786|<bdi>978-0859551786</bdi>]] . == Viungo vya nje == * Christian Bale at IMDb * Christian Bale collected news and commentary at The New York Times [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu wa kiume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] qa4ynoecyvbzru3w83b0z9825fmt4re 1546214 1546213 2026-05-19T11:54:42Z Said Mfaume 68307 1546214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Christian Bale | picha = Christian Bale-7837.jpg | maelezo = Bale mnamo 2019 | alt = A headshot portrait of Bale in 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Christian Charles Philip Bale | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|1|30}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Haverfordwest]], Pembrokeshire, Wales | uraia = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}} | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | miaka ya kazi = 1986–p=hadi sasa | kazi = [[Christian Bale filmography|Full list]] | ndoa = {{marriage|Sibi Blažić|29 January 2000}} | watoto = 2 | baba = [[David Bale]] | ndugu = [[Gloria Steinem]] (mama wa kambo) | tuzo = [[List of awards and nominations received by Christian Bale|Full list]] | signature = Christian Bale Signature.svg }} '''Christian Charles Philip Bale''' (alizaliwa Januari 30, 1974) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchini Uingereza. Anajulikana zaidi kwa uhodari wake wa mabadiliko ya kimwili kwa ajili ya nyusika zake. Amewahi kushinda [[Tuzo za Akademi|Tuzo ya Academy]] na [[Golden Globe|Tuzo mbili za Golden Globe]], pamoja na teuzi nne za [[Tuzo za BAFTA|Tuzo za Filamu za British Academy]] . Alikuwa mmoja kati ya waigizaji waliolipwa zaidi mwaka wa 2014, na baadaye jarida la ''The Independent'' lilimtaja kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wakubwa wa karne ya 21. == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Jisomee == * Holmstrom, John (1996). ''Mvulana wa Picha Anayesonga: Ensaiklopidia ya Kimataifa kuanzia 1895 hadi 1995.'' [[Norwich]] : Michael Russell. uk.&nbsp;394. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0859551786|<bdi>978-0859551786</bdi>]] . == Viungo vya nje == * Christian Bale at IMDb * Christian Bale collected news and commentary at The New York Times [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu wa kiume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] 7idvo5ifmnobzjqd5faww5fi8yl4f9p 0 236629 1546202 2026-05-19T11:46:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ethel Nhill Victoria Stonehouse''' (1 Agosti 1883 – 1 Mei 1964) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Aliandika kazi zake akitumia majina mbalimbali ya kisanii, ikiwa ni pamoja na '''Lindsay Russell''' na '''Harlingham Quinn'''. == Maisha == Stonehouse alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 1 Agosti 1883 huko [[Nhill]] katika jimbo la Victoria. Alikuwa mtoto wa nne wa Jane (jina la kuzaliwa: Hardingham) na mhunzi Robert Stonehouse.<ref name=":0">{{Citation...' 1546202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ethel Nhill Victoria Stonehouse''' (1 Agosti 1883 – 1 Mei 1964) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Aliandika kazi zake akitumia majina mbalimbali ya kisanii, ikiwa ni pamoja na '''Lindsay Russell''' na '''Harlingham Quinn'''. == Maisha == Stonehouse alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 1 Agosti 1883 huko [[Nhill]] katika jimbo la Victoria. Alikuwa mtoto wa nne wa Jane (jina la kuzaliwa: Hardingham) na mhunzi Robert Stonehouse.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Edgar |first=Suzanne |title=Stonehouse, Ethel Nhill Victoria (1883–1964) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/stonehouse-ethel-nhill-victoria-8680 |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |access-date=2022-09-29}}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya Serikali ya Charlton (Charlton State School) hadi alipotimiza umri wa miaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Lindsay Russell |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A10180 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1883|1964}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] 85ml52su67a5sdo9287wo1e6a8zws72 0 236630 1546203 2026-05-19T11:47:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norah Munsu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha SWAPO, na aliwahi kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Munsu, Norah Lute|url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/munsu-norah-lute/|work=Namibian of Parliament|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k79zmyula06lyt1swtjmbnznkfb0k43 0 236631 1546204 2026-05-19T11:47:11Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1546204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''A Son,''''' inayojulikana pia kama '''''Bik Eneich: Un fils''''' (mchanganyiko wa majina asilia ya Kiarabu na Kifaransa: Kiarabu: ''بيك نعيش'', iliyoandikwa kwa ''romanized'' ''form: Byk n'eysh; French: Un fils'') ni filamu ya mwaka wa 2019 iliyoongozwa na [[Mehdi Barsaoui]] katika makala yake ya kwanza na iliyotayarishwa pamoja kati ya Ufaransa, [[Qatar]], [[Tunisia]]. Filamu inayoigizwa na Sami Bouajila na Najla Ben Abdallah kama wazazi wa Tunisia wa daraja la kati, filamu inahusu safari ya familia punde tu baada ya Mapinduzi ya Tunisia ambayo yametatizika baada ya magaidi kupiga gari lao na kumjeruhi vibaya mtoto wao wa kiume, ambaye anahitaji kupandikizwa ini ili aendelee kuishi.<ref>[https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/a-son-review-1203323728/ 'A Son' Review]</ref><ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/a-son-bik-eneich-fils-review-1235300/ 'A Son' ('Bik Eneich'/'Un fils') Review]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Vita]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] m03qu23mdbjwlqyge0ecrv0r3dtoybj 0 236632 1546206 2026-05-19T11:49:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agnes Louisa Storrie''' (23 Agosti 1864 – 20 Agosti 1936) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]], na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa chama cha Wattle Day League. Aliandika kazi zake akitumia jina la '''Agnes L. Storrie''', lakini pia alijulikana kwa jina la ndoa kama '''Agnes L. Kettlewell'''. Majina mengine ya kisanii aliyotumia ni pamoja na '''A.L.S.''', '''Senga''', '''"AYEA"''', '''La Pensee''', na '''Inky Fingers'''.<ref>{{Cite web |ti...' 1546206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes Louisa Storrie''' (23 Agosti 1864 – 20 Agosti 1936) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]], na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa chama cha Wattle Day League. Aliandika kazi zake akitumia jina la '''Agnes L. Storrie''', lakini pia alijulikana kwa jina la ndoa kama '''Agnes L. Kettlewell'''. Majina mengine ya kisanii aliyotumia ni pamoja na '''A.L.S.''', '''Senga''', '''"AYEA"''', '''La Pensee''', na '''Inky Fingers'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnes L. Storrie |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A30535 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=AustLit: Discover Australian Stories |publisher=The University of Queensland}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1936}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] 4ot8l28kx00qz77izqeapgesfvddi56 0 236633 1546208 2026-05-19T11:52:31Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pamela Lyndon Travers''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Helen Lyndon Goff'''; 9 Agosti 1899 – 23 Aprili 1996) alikuwa mwandishi wa kike kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] na [[Uingereza]] ambaye alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha ya kazi yake nchini Uingereza.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603648/PL-Travers "P.L. Travers (British author)"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. "Australian English writer known for her Mary Poppins books".</ref><ref>{{cite...' 1546208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pamela Lyndon Travers''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Helen Lyndon Goff'''; 9 Agosti 1899 – 23 Aprili 1996) alikuwa mwandishi wa kike kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] na [[Uingereza]] ambaye alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha ya kazi yake nchini Uingereza.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603648/PL-Travers "P.L. Travers (British author)"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. "Australian English writer known for her Mary Poppins books".</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rickards |first1=Carolyn |title=British Fantasy Cinema |date=2024 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |quote=The film is based on a series of novels written by the Australian-British author P. L. Travers.}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wake wa vitabu vya ''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'',<ref>Vitabu hivi kwa kawaida huainishwa kama vitabu vya watoto, lakini Travers alisisitiza mara nyingi kwamba havikuandikwa maalum kwa ajili ya watoto.</ref> ambavyo vinamuhusisha mhusika mkuu ambaye ni yaya mwenye nguvu za uchawi ([[Mary Poppins (character)|Mary Poppins]]). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1996}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa kike wa Australia]] 0p4j2fntqi1sgunth4csbtmvgn07yj5 0 236634 1546209 2026-05-19T11:52:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Themistokles Dudu Murorua''' (amezaliwa 27 Agosti 1958 huko Okahandja, Mkoa wa Otjozondjupa) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha United Democratic Front (UDF) na amekuwa gavana wa Mkoa wa Kunene tangu mwaka 2005. Kuanzia 1999 hadi 2005 alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Taifa la Namibia, akiwa mwanachama pekee wa UDF katika chombo hicho wakati huo. Aliwakilisha Jimbo la Kamanjab. Katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa mwaka 2019, Murorua aliwekwa nafasi ya pili kwenye orodha ya chama cha UDF, na baada ya chama hicho kupata viti viwili, aliingia katika Bunge la Taifa la Namibia mwezi Machi 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of the 7th National Assembly|url=https://neweralive.na/members-of-the-7th-national-assembly/|work=New Era|date=2020-03-23|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-US|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hzqegp18nvfno87voxmsmbjgzfdh3o4 0 236635 1546215 2026-05-19T11:54:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lydia "Nellé" Tritton''' (kwa Kirusi: Лидия Тереза ("Нелль") Керенская (Триттон); 19 Septemba 1899<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Lydia-Ellen-Nell-Kerensky/6000000035198185113|title=Lydia Ellen ("Nell") Kerensky|website=geni_family_tree|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref> – 10 Aprili 1946) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, mshairi, na mtaalamu wa sanaa ya uwasilishaji hotuba na matamshi (elocutioni...' 1546215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lydia "Nellé" Tritton''' (kwa Kirusi: Лидия Тереза ("Нелль") Керенская (Триттон); 19 Septemba 1899<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Lydia-Ellen-Nell-Kerensky/6000000035198185113|title=Lydia Ellen ("Nell") Kerensky|website=geni_family_tree|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref> – 10 Aprili 1946) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, mshairi, na mtaalamu wa sanaa ya uwasilishaji hotuba na matamshi (elocutionist) kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1946}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] irkqv4xtriozbn8tnqh6xxgpabi5wgo 0 236636 1546216 2026-05-19T11:57:45Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1546216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Dachra''''' ni filamu ya kutisha ya [[Tunisia]] ya 2018, iliyoandikwa na kuongozwa na Abdelhamid Bouchnak kama filamu yake ya kwanza inayoangaziwa. == Muktadha == Wanafunzi watatu wa [[uandishi wa habari]], Yasmine, Walid na Bilel, walianza kuchunguza kesi ya baridi ya mradi wa filamu wa shule. Baada ya kutembelea hospitali ya magonjwa ya akili kumhoji Mongia, manusura aliyekatwa viungo vyake kwa shambulio miaka 20 kabla, njia hiyo inawaongoza hadi kwenye kijiji kilichojitenga. Kabla ya kuelewa kikamilifu kinachoendelea, wanajikuta wakizingirwa na [[wachawi]] walaji.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/dachra-1141445/ 'Dachra' Review]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 7ci5n7zw8makwzdp3iqqk3g76e3b55e 0 236637 1546217 2026-05-19T11:58:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1546217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teopolina Mushelenga''' (amezaliwa 11 Desemba 1957 huko Omagola-Oshigambo, Mkoa wa Oshikoto) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha SWAPO na alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1999, kisha akachaguliwa tena mwaka 2004. Baada ya uchaguzi wa Hifikepunye Pohamba mwaka huo, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na Uhamiaji. Kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2009, Mushelenga aliwekwa nafasi ya 59 kwenye orodha ya wagombea 72 wa SWAPO kwa Bunge la Taifa. Wagombea 54 wa juu pekee ndio waliochaguliwa, hivyo hakurejea bungeni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NID - Namibia Institute For Democracy|url=http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=119|work=www.nid.org.na|accessdate=2026-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rcjfzf84b5ic7q1ds70u2ifqymroyu2 0 236638 1546218 2026-05-19T11:58:51Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vicki Viidikas''' (25 Septemba 1948 – 27 Novemba 1998) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa nathari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] katika karne ya ishirini. Shairi lake la kwanza, '''At East Balmain,''' lilichapishwa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 19. Mashairi yake, hadithi za kubuni, na michoro yake vilichapishwa katika majarida mbalimbali ya fasihi, pamoja na makusanyo kadhaa ya mashairi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-642484|title=Viidikas,...' 1546218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicki Viidikas''' (25 Septemba 1948 – 27 Novemba 1998) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa nathari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] katika karne ya ishirini. Shairi lake la kwanza, '''At East Balmain,''' lilichapishwa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 19. Mashairi yake, hadithi za kubuni, na michoro yake vilichapishwa katika majarida mbalimbali ya fasihi, pamoja na makusanyo kadhaa ya mashairi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.party-642484|title=Viidikas, Vicki (1948-1998) - People and organisations|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> Aliandika kazi nyingi sana hadi kifo chake cha mapema alipotimiza umri wa miaka 50, kifo kilichosikitisha sana jamii ya washairi nchini Australia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] t4pktb1gp50i2kbkmmyemsk2563ow8s