Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 889 1548354 1548022 2026-05-22T13:05:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la dini | jina = Uislamu | jina_la_asili = الإسلام (Al-Islām) | picha = Star and Crescent.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Hilali na Nyota, ishara ya Uislamu | uainishaji = ya Ibrahimu | maandiko = [[Qur'an]] </br> [[Hadith]] | teolojia = Mungu mmoja ([[Allah]]) | eneo = Duniani kote, hasa [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Asia ya Kusini]], [[Afrika Kaskazini]] | lugha = [[Kiarabu]] cha Qur'an | mwaasisi = [[Mtume Muhammad]] | asili = [[Karne ya 7]] BK, [[Arabia]] | ibada = Sala, Saumu, Zaka, Hija, Shahada | wafuasi = Bilioni 1.9<ref>{{Cite Web|title=Watu kulingana na Dini|author=Pew Research|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/feature/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/|accessdate=2025-02-18|lang=en}}</ref> }} {{Uislamu}} [[Picha:Kaaba_Mirror_like.jpg|thumbnail|right|200pax|Kaaba ni [[kibla]] ya Waislamu wote duniani wakati wa [[swala]].]] '''Uislamu''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: الإسلام ''Al-Islām'') ni [[dini]] inayotokana na mafunzo ya [[Mtume]] [[Muhammad]]. Wafuasi wa [[imani]] hiyo huitwa "Waislamu" na wanakadiriwa kuwa [[milioni]] 1,800 hivi. Hivyo ni dini ya pili [[duniani]] yenye wafuasi wengi baada ya [[Ukristo]] wenye wafuasi milioni 2,400. Uislamu ni ile imani kuwa [[muumba]] ni mmoja tu kwa dhati na sifa zake. [[Nguzo]] nyingine za imani zinajengwa juu ya imani ya [[Mungu]] mmoja wa kweli, imani juu ya [[maisha]] baada ya [[kifo]], imani juu ya [[Malaika]] wa Mungu, [[vitabu]] vyake na [[kudra]] na tafsiri ya vitendo ya imani hii ni: [[Sala]], [[Zakat|Zakah]], [[Saumu]] na [[Hija]]. == Imani na kitabu chake == Imani katika Uislamu ni kumwamini [[Mungu]] mmoja tu peke yake anayeitwa [[Allah]], ambaye hajazaa wala hajazaliwa na hafanani na yeyote yule. Kitabu kitakatifu cha Waislam ni [[Qur'an]] ambayo inaaminiwa ilifunuliwa kwa Mtume Muhammad kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu mbinguni kupitia [[malaika]] [[Jibrili]]; ni kawaida kusema Qurani "iliteremshwa" kwa Muhammad. Kwa imani hiyo, kabla yake walioteremshiwa kitabu ni [[Musa]] ([[Torati]]), [[Daudi]] ([[Zaburi]]) na [[Isa]] ([[Injili]]). Pamoja na Qurani kuna mafundisho ya [[Sunna]] na [[Hadith]] ambayo ni maneno ya mtume Muhammad na masimulizi juu ya matendo yake ambayo pengine hutazamiwa kama mwongozo katika Uislamu. Qurani inasisitiza kwamba Allah hana mshirika, hana baba wala mwana, hakuzaa wala hakuzaliwa, na hana mwanzo wala mwisho. Pamoja na amri mbalimbali kuna mfumo wa sheria za kidini zinazoitwa kwa jumla "[[sharia]]"; inajumlisha maagizo kuhusu mambo mengi ya maisha ya kila siku, [[uchumi]] na [[siasa]]. == Historia ya chanzo cha Uislamu == [[Muhammad]] alizaliwa mnamo mwaka [[570]] [[BK]] kama mtoto wa mfanyabiashara mjini [[Maka]] uliopo kwenye [[Bara Arabu]]. Kufuatana na mapokeo ya Kiislamu malaika Jibril alimtokea alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 40 yaani mnamo mwaka [[610]]. Kutoka kwa malaika alipokea maneno ya Kurani na [[ufunuo]] huu uliendelea hadi mwisho wa maisha yake. Mtume alitangaza yale aliyosikia kwa wafuasi wake na maneno haya yalianza kukusanywa tayari wakati wa maisha ya mtume. Baada ya kifo chake mwaka 632 [[khalifa]] wa tatu [[Uthman ibn Affan]] alikusanya muswada na kumbukumbu zote na kuziweka pamoja na kuwa kitabu kamili. Ujumbe uliohubiriwa na Muhammad huko Maka ulipata wasikilizaji wachache, lakini viongozi wengi wa [[Quraishi|Kikuraishi]], waliokuwa kabila kubwa Maka, waliwaona kama hatari kwa Maka na mwaka [[622]] Waislamu walipaswa kutoka Maka wakahamia [[Yathrib]] mji wa jirani uliojulikana baadaye kama Madina. Uhamisho huu unaitwa [[hijra]] na tangu khalifa wa pili [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] huhesabiwa kuwa ni chanzo cha [[kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Mjini Yathrib mtume aliendelea kuwa kiongozi wa kisiasa na wa kijeshi. Alifanya mapatano na watu wa Yathrib iliyoitwa baadaye "madinat an-nabi"" ikajulikana kwa kifupi kama [[Madina]]. Kutoka Madina mtume alianza kushambulia misafara ya watu wa Maka akawashinda mara kadhaa. Wakati huohuo aliwafukuza [[Wayahudi]] wa Yathrib. Mwaka 628 viongozi wa Maka walilazimishwa kufanya mapatano na Waislamu na mwaka 630 jeshi la Waislamu liliingia mjini Maka. Mtume alipoaga dunia mwaka 632 sehemu kubwa ya Bara Arabu ilikuwa chini ya Uislamu tayari. == Mafunzo ya Uislamu == Uislamu unawafunza wafuasi wake mambo mengi yanayohusiana na maisha, ikiwa yale yanayohusu [[ibada]] kama Sala, Zakat, Saumu na Hija; ambazo pamoja na kauli ya [[Shahada]] ("Nakiri kwa moyo na kubaini kwa ulimi kwamba hakuna Mola apasaye kuabudiwa kwa haki ila Allah na Muhammad ni Mtume wake") huitwa nguzo za Uislamu au yale yanayohusu maingiliano baina ya wanadamu, yakiwa maingiliano ya kijamii kama [[ndoa]] na [[talaka]] na [[ujirani mwema]], au ya kiuchumi kama [[biashara]], au ya kisiasa kama kawaida za kumchagua kiongozi wa [[dola]], au ya uhusiano baina ya mataifa mbali mbali ulimwenguni. Waislamu wanatazama Uislamu kuwa mfumo kamili wa maisha ya [[binadamu]], kiimani, kimaisha, kisiasa, kijamii na kiuchumi. == Ibada katika Uislamu == Ibada katika Uislamu ni vile vitendo ambavyo Muislamu anamfanyia Mwenyezi Mungu peke yake, kwani ibada yoyote haitakikani iwe na ushirikina ndani yake, na wakati itakapokuweko aina yoyote ya shirki basi ibada ile inakuwa haina maana wala thawabu wala ujira wowote, ni kazi ya bure. Kwa hiyo, kila Muislamu anatakikana wakati anapofanya ibada yake afanye kwa ajili ya Mola wake aliyemuumba akampa kila aina ya [[neema]] na kumtukuza kuliko viumbe vingine vyovyote, kwa kumpa [[akili]], [[fahamu]] na [[elimu]]. == Nguzo tano za Uislamu == {{Main|Nguzo tano za Uislamu}} [[Picha:Nguzo tano za Uislamu.png|thumb]] Kuna matendo kadhaa ambazo zinaitwa "[[Nguzo tano za Uislamu|Nguzo za Uislamu]]". Kwa kawaida ni tano zinazofundishwa katika [[madhehebu]] ya [[Wasunni]] jinsi inavyoonyeshwa hapo chini. [[Washia]] hawahesabu shahada kati ya nguzo tano wakiona shahada pamoja na imani ya Kiislamu ni msingi kwa nguzo tano halafu wanaongeza "wilayat" yaani kukubali uongozi wa Maimamu kama nguzo ya tano. # ''[[Shahada]]'': (Kiarabu: الشهادة) Nguzo ya kwanza katika Uislamu hujumuisha kutoa kauli mbili: ''Hakuna Mola apasaye Kuabudiwa ila Allah na Muhammad ni Mtume wake''. Kauli hizo hutolewa pale mwanadamu anapoingia Uislamu. # ''[[Salat]]'': (Kiarabu: صلاة‎) ni [[sala]] inayofuata utaratibu maalumu mara tano kila siku: Asubuhi, mchana, alasiri, jioni na usiku. Kabla ya kuingia katika ibada hii Mwislamu anapaswa kufanya [[wudhu]] ambayo ni tendo la kutakasa mwili kwa maji au -kama hakuna- kwa kutumia vumbi badala yake. Salat ina maneno yake na pia namna ya kusimama au kujinama. Salat hii ni tofauti na [[dua]] (دعاء) au sala ya kuomba kwa hiari. # ''[[Zakat]]'': (Kiarabu: زكاة‎‎) Nguzo ya tatu ya Uislamu nayo ni ibada inayomuelekeza Mwislamu kuwaangalia Waislamu wenzake kwa hali na mali, na kushughulikia mahitaji yao ya maisha, kwa kutoa fungu la mali yake asilimia 2.5 kila mwaka kwa mwenye uwezo na kuwapa wale walio maskini na wasiojiweza ili nao waweze kuishi vizuri. # Funga/[[Saumu]]: (Kiarabu: صوم) Wakati wa mwezi [[Ramadani]] kila Mwislamu anapaswa kufunga chakula na kinywaji chote kuanzia asubuhi hadi jioni. Watoto na wagonjwa hawapaswi kutekeleza wajibu huu. Waislamu wanaona maana ya ibada hii kumkurubisha Mwislamu na Mola wake na kumfanya amche na kumuogopa zaidi, kwani saumu humsaidia Mwislamu kufahamu shida na taabu ambazo wale wasiokuwa na uwezo wanazipata wakiwa na njaa na hawana cha kukila, na kwa hivyo, huingiwa na huruma na kuwa na moyo wa kutaka kuwasaidia na kuwaondoshea shida hizo. # ''[[Hajj]]'' (Kiarabu: الحجّ ''alhajj''): Kila Mwislamu mwenye uwezo anatakiwa kwenda hijja [[Maka]] mara moja katika maisha yake wakati wa mwezi Dhul-Hija. Nguzo hii inawapa fursa Waislamu ulimwenguni kukutana na wenzao na kujua hali zao na kupata nafasi ya kuomba maghfira na msamaha kwa madhambi yao katika mkutano mkubwa kabisa wa wanadamu ulimwenguni. == Maingiliano katika Uislamu == Uislamu umeweka kawaida mbali mbali katika maisha wakati watu wanataka kuweka uhusiano fulani baina yao ili mambo yaende vizuri na uhusiano uzidi kuwa mwema baina yao. Katika maingiliano yaliyowekewa kawaida na nidhamu katika Uislamu ni mambo yanayohusu: # Nikaha au ndoa baina ya Waislamu # Biashara na mambo yanayohusu uchumi # Uhusiano wa kijamii baina ya watu katika mtaa au kijiji au mji au nchi # Uhusiano wa kimataifa baina ya madola mbali mbali, yakiwa ya kiislamu au yasiyokuwa ya kiislamu. == Vikundi na madhehebu == Kuna mielekeo mikubwa miwili ndani ya Uislamu ambayo ni vikundi vya [[Wasunni]] 85-90% na [[Washia]] 10-15%. Kundi kubwa ni Wasunni waliopata jina kutokana na Sunna ("kawaida") ya mtume; takriban asilimia 85-90 ya Waislamu wote huhesabiwa humo. Kati yao kuna madhehebu 4 ambao ni Hanafi, Maliki, Hanbali na Shafii. Tofauti katika mafundisho si kubwa, zinahusu hasa [[sharia]] na [[fikh]]. Kundi dogo zaidi ni Washia ambao wamegawanyika kati yao katika vikundi vingi. Washia walijitenga na Wasunni baada ya makhalifa wanne wa kwanza kuhusu swali ni nani anayefaa kuongoza Waislamu. Washia ni wale waliosisitiza sharti awe mtu kutoka ukoo wa Muhammad kupitia binti yake [[Fatima]]. Vikundi vya Washia vinatofautiana juu ya viongozi hawa. Jumuiya kubwa ya Washia ni [[Ithnashara]] walio wengi huko [[Uajemi]], [[Irak]] na [[Lebanoni]]. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.quranitukufu.net/ Qurani Tukufu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.quranitukufu.net/ |date=20211222151118 }} - Qurani Tukufu * http://www.islamhouse.com * [http://mawaidha.info/ tovuti ya Uislam] {{Wayback|url=http://mawaidha.info/ |date=20150928094758 }} - Mawaidha * [http://www.alhidaaya.com/sw/ Alhidaaya] - Tovuti ya Kiislamu * [https://islamopas.com/swa/Vitabu.html Makasisi waingia Uislamu] * [https://islamopas.com/swa/Vitabu.html Mazungumzo ya Mwislamu na Mkristo] {{mbegu-Islam}} [[Jamii:Uislamu| ]] [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Dini za Abrahamu]] 16wqxejyyqndtyhj3tbsebw77j8ys53 0 1676 1548969 1516810 2026-05-23T10:16:33Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Utangulizi]] 1548969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Kenya |jina_asili=''Republic of Kenya'' ([[en]]) |bendera=Flag_of_Kenya.svg |nembo=Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg |ukubwa_nembo=90 |kaulimbiu="[[Harambee]]" |wimbo="[[Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu]]"<br>[[File:National_anthem_of_Kenya,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav]] |ramani2=Kenya topographic map-sw.svg |ramani=Kenya (orthographic projection).svg |mji_mkuu=[[Nairobi]]|latd=1|latm=16|latNS=S|longd=36|longm=48|longEW=E |lugha_rasmi={{hlist |[[Kiswahili]]|[[Kiingereza]]}} |lugha_taifa=[[Kiswahili]] |utaifa = Mkenya |kabila = {{plainlist| *17.13% [[Wakikuyu]] *14.35% [[Waluhya]] *13.37% [[Wakalenjin]] *10.65% [[Waluo]] *9.81% [[Wakamba]] *5.85% [[Wasomali]] *5.68% [[Wakisii]] *5.23% [[Mijikenda]] *4.15% [[Wameru]] *13.78% Wengine}} |mwaka_kabila = 2019 |dini ={{plainlist| *85.5% [[Ukristo]] *10.9% [[Uislamu]] *1.5% [[Wasio na dini]] *0.7% [[Dini asilia za Kiafrika]] *1.3% Wengine }} |mwaka_dini = 2019 |serikali=[[Serikali ya kiraisi|Jamhuri ya kiraisi]] |vyeo_viongozi={{*}}[[Marais wa Kenya|Rais]]<br>{{*}}[[Naibu rais wa Kenya|Naibu Rais]]<br>{{*}}[[Seneti ya Kenya|Spika wa Seneti]]<br>{{*}}[[Spika wa Bunge la Kenya|Spika wa Bunge]]<br>{{*}}Jaji Mkuu |majina_viongozi=[[William Ruto]]<br>[[Kithure Kindiki]]<br>[[Amason Kingi]]<br>[[Moses Wetangula]]<br>[[Martha Koome]] | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru Kutoka Uingereza ''' | tukio1 = [[Miji-dola ya Waswahili]] |tukio2 = Jamhuri |tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa |tukio1_tarehe= Karne ya 8 |tukio2_tarehe= 1963 |tukio3_tarehe= 2010 |eneo_jumla=580 367<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Kenya|accessdate=2024-03-30|year=2023}}</ref>|maji=2.3 |watu_kadirio=52,428,290 <ref>{{Cite Web|title=Kenya population 2024|author=Knbs|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/#:~:text=The%20total%20population%20of%20Kenya,gender%20composition%20of%20the%20population. |accessdate=2025-04-02|lang=en}}</ref> |mwaka_kadirio=2024 |sensa=2019 |watu_sensa=47 564 296<ref name="Census2019a">{{Rejea tovuti |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&wpdmdl=5730&ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222711/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&wpdmdl=5730&ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR |archive-date=5 June 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> |mwaka_pato=2025 |pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} $401.97 bilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.KE">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/KEN|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Kenya) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=April 2025 |accessdate=2025-04-22}}</ref> |pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} $7,530<ref name="IMFWEO.KE" /> |cheo_plt_ppp = 59 |pato={{ongezeko}} $131.67 Bilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.KE" /> |pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} $2,470<ref name="IMFWEO.KE" /> |mwaka_maendeleo=2025 |maendeleo={{ongezeko}} 0.628<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[Mradi wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa]]|date=13 March 2024|page=289|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>(ya 143)</br> {{kati}} |fedha=[[Shilingi ya Kenya]]|majira_saa=+3<br>([[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]) |tld=[[.ke]]|iso3166=KE |msimbo_simu=254 |udereva=Kushoto |muundo_tarehe=siku/mwezi/mwaka }} '''Kenya''' , rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Kenya''' ni [[nchi]] iliyopo [[Afrika Mashariki]] katika [[ikweta]], kando ya [[Bahari ya Hindi]]. Kenya imepakana na [[Ethiopia]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Somalia]] upande wa kaskazini mashariki, [[Tanzania]] upande wa kusini, [[Uganda]] na [[Ziwa Viktoria]] upande wa magharibi, kisha [[Sudan Kusini]] upande wa kaskazini magharibi.Mnamo 2024 Kenya ina watu milioni 54 na kuwa nchi ya 26 kubwa duniani kwa Idadi ya watu. [[Mji mkuu]] wake mkuu na mkubwa ni [[Nairobi]], lakini [[Mombasa]] ni mji mashuhuri pia. Ukiwa kama mji kongwe zaidi na [[bandari]] kuu iliyopo katika [[Kisiwa cha Mombasa]]. Miji mingine ni pamoja na [[Nakuru]], [[Eldoret]], na [[Kisumu]]. Kenya ina [[Historia ya Kenya|historia ndefu]] inayojumuisha makazi ya awali ya binadamu, mitandao ya kale ya biashara ya pwani, [[Afrika Mashariki ya Kiingereza|utawala wa kikoloni]], na maendeleo ya taifa baada ya uhuru. Ugunduzi wa akiolojia katika [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] umechangia kuelewa maendeleo ya awali ya binadamu, ambapo baadhi ya mabaki ya kale zaidi ya jamii za hominidi yamepatikana katika eneo la Kenya ya sasa. <ref name="Britannica_Kenya_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/History |author=Kenneth Ingham |title=History of Kenya |website=Britannica |date=April 10, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kando ya pwani, miji kama [[Mombasa]] na [[Lamu]] ilikua vituo muhimu vya [[ustaarabu] wa [[Waswahili]] na [[biashara ya Bahari ya Hindi]] iliyohusisha wafanyabiashara [[Waarabu]], [[Waajemi]], [[Wahindi]], na baadaye [[Wazungu]]. <ref name="UNESCO_Lamu">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1055 |title=Mji Mkongwe wa Lamu |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kenya ikawa sehemu ya [[Afrika Mashariki ya Kiingereza]] mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na baadaye ilipata uhuru kutoka [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] mwaka 1963 chini ya uongozi wa [[Jomo Kenyatta]]. <ref name="BBC_Kenya_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13681341 |title=Wasifu wa Kenya |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kenya ina [[mandhari]] mbalimbali kuanzia maeneo ya [[jangwa la Chalbi]] kaskazini, nyanda za juu zenye rutuba katikati, hadi [[msitu|misitu]] na [[pwani]] yenye mandhari ya kuvutia kusini mashariki. [[Mlima Kenya]], mlima wa pili kwa urefu barani [[Afrika]] baada ya [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], uko katikati ya nchi na ni kivutio kikubwa cha utalii. Zaidi ya hayo, mbuga za wanyama kama [[Masai Mara|Maasai Mara]], [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Amboseli|Amboseli]], [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tsavo Mashariki|Tsavo]], na [[Samburu]] huvutia watalii kutoka kote ulimwenguni kwa sababu ya wanyama pori kama [[simba]], [[tembo]], [[vifaru]], na pundamilia. [[Uchumi|Kiuchumi]], Kenya ni nchi iliyoendelea zaidi katika eneo la [[Afrika Mashariki]], ikiwa na uchumi unaotegemea sekta za [[kilimo]], huduma, [[utalii]], na teknolojia. Kilimo, hasa uzalishaji wa [[chai]], [[kahawa]], [[maua]] na mboga, ni uti wa mgongo wa ajira na mapato ya kigeni. [[Teknolojia]] ya habari na mawasiliano pia imekua haraka, huku jiji la Nairobi likiitwa "''Silicon Savannah''" kwa mchango wake katika ubunifu wa kidijitali na kampuni za teknolojia kama [[Safaricom]] na huduma ya [[M-pesa]]. [[Kiswahili]] na [[Kiingereza]] ndizo lugha rasmi za Kenya, ambapo [[Kiswahili]] hutumika kama lugha ya mawasiliano baina ya makabila tofauti, na [[Kiingereza]] hutumika katika mandhari rasmi kama [[Shule]], [[bunge]] n.k Kenya ni jamhuri ya urais yenye udemokrasia wa [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] uliowekwa chini ya Katiba ya mwaka 2010, ambayo ilianzisha serikali za ugatuzi kupitia kaunti 47. <ref name="WFB_Kenya_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/#government |title=Kenya - World Factbook: Serikali |website=cia.gov |publisher=Shirika la Ujasusi la Marekani (CIA) |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, huku mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yakitekelezwa na Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="Kenya_Parliament">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/ |title=Bunge la Kenya |website=parliament.go.ke |publisher=Serikali ya Kenya |date=2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kenya ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC), [[Umoja wa Afrika]] (AU), [[Jumuiya ya Madola]], na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], na ina nafasi muhimu katika diplomasia ya kikanda, biashara, na shughuli za kulinda amani katika [[Afrika Mashariki]]. <ref name="EAC_Kenya">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/eac-partner-states/republic-of-kenya |title=Wasifu wa Kenya kama Nchi Mwanachama wa EAC |website=eac.int |publisher=Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> ==Jiografia== {{Main|Jiografia ya Kenya}} [[Picha:Pt Thomson Batian Nelion Mt Kenya.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Mlima Kenya ni kilele cha juu kabisa nchini. Kenya imepata jina lake kutoka mlima huo.]] Kenya ina eneo la [[kilomita za mraba]] 580,367 ([[maili mraba]] 224,081). Kutoka [[pwani]] ya Bahari ya Hindi, nyanda za chini zimeinuka hadi milima ya kati. Milima hii imetenganishwa na eneo la [[Bonde la Ufa]]; sehemu [[tambarare]] yenye [[rutuba]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. Milima ya Kenya ni kati ya iliyofaulu kwa [[kilimo]] barani Afrika. Eneo hili la milima ndilo la juu zaidi nchini Kenya (na la pili kwa urefu barani Afrika<ref name="annexation1">{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=East Africa: Kenya: History: Kenya Colony|edition=15|volume=17|pages=801, 1b|year=2002|id=ISBN 0-85229-787-4}}</ref> [[Mlima Kenya]], unaofikia [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,199 na ni eneo lenye [[mito]] ya [[barafu]]. Kusini mashariki [[milima ya Taita]] ndiyo mwanzo wa [[tao la Mashariki]], [[safu za milima]] zenye miaka zaidi ya [[milioni]] 100 ambazo zinaenea hasa nchini Tanzania. Upande huohuo wa [[kusini]] [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] ({{Convert|5895|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}) huweza kuonekana ukiwa ng'ambo ya mpaka wa Kenya na Tanzania.<ref name="rough_guide_map">{{Cite map| publisher = Rough Guide| title = Rough Guide Map Kenya| edition =9| year = 2006 | cartography =World Mapping Project| scale =1:900,000| series = Rough Guide Map| isbn = 1-84353-359-6}}</ref> ===Halihewa=== Kenya ni nchi yenye [[jua]] kali na [[nguo]] za [[majira ya joto]] huvaliwa mwaka mzima. Hata hivyo, huwa na [[baridi]] [[usiku]] na pia [[asubuhi]] na mapema. [[Hali ya hewa]] ina [[joto]] na [[unyevu]] sehemu za pwani, joto kiasi sehemu za [[bara]] na ni [[Ukame|kame]] katika sehemu za kaskazini na kaskazini-mashariki mwa nchi. Hata hivyo kuna [[mvua]] nyingi kati ya [[Machi]] na [[Aprili]], na mvua ya kadiri kati ya [[Oktoba]] na [[Novemba]]. [[Halijoto]] huwa juu zaidi miezi hii yote. Mvua ya [[masika]] hunyesha kuanzia Aprili hadi [[Juni]]. Mvua ya [[vuli]] nayo hunyesha kuanzia Oktoba hadi [[Desemba]]. Wakati mwingine mvua hii huwa nyingi na aghalabu hunyesha wakati wa [[alasiri]] na [[jioni]]. Majira ya joto jingi ni kuanzia [[Februari]] hadi Machi nayo ya baridi ni [[Julai]] hadi [[Agosti]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Mji !Mwinuko ([[mita]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Free topographic maps, elevation, terrain|url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/|work=Topographic maps|accessdate=2024-04-03|language=en}}</ref> !Wastani wa Halijoto ([[°C]])<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya|accessdate=2024-04-03|title=Climate in Kenya|language=en|author=Climates to Travel}}</ref> !Upeo wa juu ([[°C]])<ref name=":0" /> !Upeo wa chini ([[°C]])<ref name=":0" /> |- |Mombasa |50 |26.4 |30.4 |22.5 |- |Nairobi |1 795 |19.75 |25.7 |13.9 |- |Eldoret |2 111 |17.3 |23.6 |11.1 |- |Lodwar |509 |29.6 |35.3 |24 |- |Mandera |540 |29.4 |34.6 |24.3 |} ===Mazingira=== {{main|Orodha ya Hifadhi za Taifa nchini Kenya}} Kenya ina maeneo makubwa wanapoishi [[wanyamapori]] likiwemo [[Masai Mara]], ambapo [[nyumbu]] na [[wanyama]] wengi [[walanyasi]] hushiriki katika [[uhamaji]] kila [[mwaka]]. Uhamaji huo, hasa uhamaji wa nyumbu, hutokea Juni hadi Septemba na hushirikisha mamilioni ya wanyama. Tukio hili huwavutia sana wapigaji [[picha]] za [[sinema]]. Takribani nyumbu 250,000 huangamia kila mwaka katika uhamaji huu wa kutafuta [[lishe]] wakati wa [[kiangazi]]. Wale wanyama wakubwa watano wa Afrika wanapatikana Kenya: [[simba]], [[chui]], [[nyati]], [[kifaru]] na [[ndovu]]. Wanyama wengine wengi wa [[pori]] na [[ndege]] hupatikana katika [[mbuga za taifa]] na [[hifadhi za wanyama]] hawa nchini. Mazingira ya Kenya yanahatarishwa na ongezeko kubwa la idadi ya watu na athari zake. [[Picha:A lone giraffe in Nairobi National Park.jpg|thumb|left|Twiga katika Mbuga ya wanyama ya Kitaifa ya Nairobi, na upeo wa macho wa Nairobi nyuma yake.]] [[Picha:African safari route.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Njia katika [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tsavo Mashariki]].]] ==Historia== {{Main|Historia ya Kenya}} === Historia ya awali === Mabaki ya [[mamba]] mkubwa ajabu wa zamani za Mesozoic Era, ambayo ni miaka [[milioni]] 200 iliyopita, yaligunduliwa nchini Kenya katika [[chimbo]] zilizochimbwa na [[wataalamu]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Utah]] na [[Makavazi ya Kitaifa]] nchini Kenya miezi ya Julai hadi Agosti [[2004]] katika [[bonde]] la [[Lokitaung]], karibu na [[Ziwa Turkana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050313075546/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200503/s1320324.htm], ''ABC News Online,'' 2005/03/10</ref> Mabaki yaliyopatikana Afrika Mashariki yaonyesha kuwa miaka [[milioni]] 20 iliyopita [[viumbehai]] mfano wa [[sokwe]] waliishi eneo hili. [[Uchunguzi]] wa juzijuzi karibu na Ziwa Turkana waonyesha kuwa viumbe aina ya ''[[Homo habilis]]'' (walioishi miaka milioni 1.8 na 2.5 iliyopita) na ''[[Homo erectus]]'' (walioishi miaka milioni 1.8 na miaka 350,000 iliyopita) huenda ndio wazazi wa watu wa kisasa ''[[homo sapiens]]'' walioishi Kenya [[enzi za barafu kuu]] kuisha barani. Katika mwaka wa [[1984]], [[uvumbuzi]] uliofanywa na [[mtafiti]] maarufu [[Richard Leakey]] na [[Kamoya Kimeu]] huko Ziwa Turkana ulikuwa wa [[mifupa]] ya [[mvulana]] iliyohusishwa na ''Homo erectus'' wa miaka milioni 1.6 iliyopita. Utafiti wa awali wa viumbe hawa unahusishwa na [[Mary Leakey]] na [[Louis Leakey]], ambao ndio waliofanya uchunguzi wa mwanzo wa ki[[akiolojia]] huko [[Olorgesailie]] na [[Hyrax Hill]]. Baadaye utafiti wa Olorgesailie uliendelezwa na [[Glynn Isaac]]. === Historia kabla ya ukoloni === [[Picha:Great Mosque of Gede.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Msikiti mkuu]] wa [[Gedi]] ambao ni wa kutoka [[karne ya 13]].]] Wakazi wa kwanza wa eneo linaloitwa Kenya walikuwa wa jamii ya [[Wakhoisan]]: hadi leo kuna makabila matatu madogo yenye asili hiyo, ingawa yanatumia [[lugha za Kikushi]]: [[Waata]], [[Waawer]] na [[Wadahalo]]. [[Wakushi]] kutoka [[kaskazini]] waliingia Kenya kati ya [[miaka ya 3200 KK]] na [[1300 KK]]<ref name="pbs.org">[http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e2.htm Wonders wa Afrika World - ]PBS</ref>. Mwaka [[500 KK]] hivi wazungumzaji wa [[lugha za Kinilo-Sahara]] na katika [[milenia ya kwanza KK]] wale wa [[lugha za Kibantu]] waliingia katika eneo hili, na sasa [[Waniloti]] ni 30% ya Wakenya wote. [[Wafanyabiashara]] [[Waarabu]] walianza kufika [[pwani]] ya Kenya [[karne ya 1]] [[BK]]. Ukaribu wa Kenya na Uarabuni ulirahisisha [[ukoloni]], hivyo Waarabu na [[Waajemi]] walianza kuishi eneo la pwani [[karne ya 8]]. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya walioitwa "Waarabu" katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki walikuwa ma[[chotara]], Waafrika-Waarabu. Pwani ya Kenya imekuwa makao ya jamii ya [[wahunzi]] na jamii ya [[wakulima]] wadogowadogo, [[wawindaji]] na [[wavuvi]] ambao walikuwa [[mhimili]] wa [[uchumi]] kwa kushiriki katika kilimo, uvuvi, utengenezaji chuma, na [[biashara]] na nchi za kigeni.<ref name="pbs.org" /> Kuanzia [[karne ya 6]] au [[karne ya 9]], Kenya ilijihusisha na [[shughuli]] za u[[baharia]] kukuza [[uchumi]] ikaanza kutengeneza [[meli]] za kuabiria kusini hadi miji mingine yenye [[bandari]] kama [[Kilwa]] na [[Shanga]] iliyo katika pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. [[Mombasa]] ulikuwa [[mji]] wenye bandari wa nchi ya Kenya katika [[karne za kati]]. Bandari hiyo ilitumika kuendeleza [[biashara]] na miji mingine yenye bandari Afrika, [[Uajemi]], na wafanyabiashara Waarabu, [[Yemeni]] na hata [[Bara Hindi]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;lpg=PA22&amp;dq=Mombasa,+medieval+trade,+India&amp;source=web&amp;ots=KBr2nADf21&amp;sig=X9gvzWPMoRzXyLYW5YdQLVTHMpQ&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=eW2VSbTsKp6DtweemZScCw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=7&amp;ct=result Hybrid Urbanism By Nezar Al-Sayyad]</ref> [[Baharia]] [[Mreno]] [[Duarte Barbosa]] wa [[karne ya 15]] alidai kuwa "[Mombasa] ni bandari nzuri na yenye shughuli nyingi, [[mashua]] nyingi na hata meli kubwa ajabu, ambazo zote hutoka [[Sofala]] na nyingine kutoka [[Cambay]], [[Melinde]] na nyingine zinazoabiri hadi kisiwani [[Unguja]]."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&amp;pg=PA24&amp;lpg=PA24&amp;dq=Mombasa,+medieval+trade&amp;source=web&amp;ots=4RAxkPTIWI&amp;sig=G9JDunc4cYFCp1kdp1ghtyPG9Q0&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=Tm2VSdKwING3twfUlKS0Cw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ct=result Dispersal Afrika katika Deccan By Shanti Sadiq Ali]</ref> Karne kadhaa kabla ya ukoloni, [[upwa]] wa Kenya wanakoishi [[Waswahili]] ulikuwa sehemu ya eneo la mashariki mwa Afrika lililofanya biashara, hasa ya [[watumwa]] na [[pembe za ndovu]] na Waarabu na [[Wahindi]]. Inasemekana kwamba [[kabila]] la [[Wameru (Kenya)|Wameru]] lilitokana na watumwa waliotoroka utumwa [[Uarabuni]] [[miaka ya 1700]]. Mwanzoni wafanyabiashara wengi walitokea [[milki]] za Uarabuni lakini baadaye wengine wakatokea Unguja (kama [[Tippu Tip]]).<ref>[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Kiswahili Coast.] {{Wayback|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html |date=20071230022459 }} Nationalgeographic.com.</ref> [[Kiswahili]], ambacho ni [[lugha]] ya [[Kibantu]] iliyokopa [[misamiati]] ya [[Kiarabu]], [[Kiajemi]] na mingine kutoka [[Mashariki ya Kati]] na [[Asia Kusini]], baadaye ilikua ikawa [[lingua franca]] ya biashara kwa jamii mbalimbali.<ref name="pbs.org" /> Kwa [[karne]] nyingi, upwa wa Kenya umekuwa mwenyeji wa wafanyabiashara na wasafiri. Kati ya miji iliyopo kwenye upwa wa Kenya , mji wa [[Malindi]] umebakia kuwa makazi muhimu ya Waswahili tangu [[karne ya 14]] na wakati mmoja ulishindana na Mombasa kwa ukuu pande hizi za Afrika Mashariki. Kwa kawaida, Malindi umekuwa mji na bandari ya kirafiki kwa [[serikali]] nyingine. Mwaka wa [[1414]], [[Sultani]] Mwarabu wa Malindi alianzisha uhusiano wa ki[[diplomasia]] na utawala wa [[Uchina]] wa [[Ming]], wakati wa safari za [[mchunguzi]] [[Zheng He]].<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/expl2_01.html Sultani wa Malinda, PBS]</ref> Katika mwaka wa [[1498]], utawala wa Malindi ulimkaribisha msafiri na [[mvumbuzi]] maarufu kutoka Ureno, [[Vasco da Gama]]. === Chini ya ukoloni === [[Picha:Kenya-relief-map-towns.jpg|thumb|left|360px| Seaport Mombasa, chini ya Malindi, ina reli ya Nairobi (kituo), kusini ya Naivasha &amp; Nyeri. (bonyeza ramani ilu kuipanua)]] [[Wareno]] walikuwa [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kuzuru eneo la Kenya ya sasa: [[Vasco da Gama]] alikuwa amezuru Mombasa mwaka wa [[1498]]. Safari ya Vasco da Gama ilifaulu alipofikia huko [[India]], na jambo hilo liliwawezesha Wareno kufanya [[biashara]] moja kwa moja na [[Mashariki ya Mbali]] kupitia [[bahari]] na hivyo kutatiza mitandao ya kibiashara ya awali ya [[nchi kavu]] na baharini kama njia za biashara ya [[viungo]] zilizotumia [[Ghuba la Uajemi]], [[Bahari Nyekundu]] na misafara iliyofika hadi eneo la mashariki ya [[Bahari ya Kati|Mediterranea]]. [[Jamhuri ya Venisi]] ndiyo iliyotawala maeneo ya biashara kati ta [[Uropa]] na [[Asia]]. Baada ya njia za kawaida za nchi kavu hadi India kufungwa na [[Waturuki]] wa [[Waosmani|Ottoman]], Ureno ulitarajiwa kutumia njia ya baharini iliyotumiwa kwanza na Vasco da Ghama ili kuvunja [[ukiritimba]] wa [[Venice]]. Utawala wa Wareno huko Afrika Mashariki ulijihusisha hasa na pwani iliyokaribia Mombasa. Kuwepo kwa Wareno Afrika Mashariki kulianza rasmi baada ya mwaka wa [[1505]], wakati [[manowari]] za Wareno, zikiongozwa na Don [[Francisco de Almeida]], zilipokishinda [[Kilwa]], [[kisiwa]] kilicho katika eneo ambalo sasa ni [[Tanzania]] kusini. Kuwepo kwa Wareno Afrika Mashariki kuliwawezesha kudhibiti biashara katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], na kulinda njia za baharini zinazounganisha Uropa na Asia. Manowari zao za kivita zilikwamisha biashara za maadui wao magharibi mwa Bahari ya Hindi na walitoza [[kodi]] juu ya [[bidhaa]] zilizosafirishwa kupitia eneo hilo kwani walitawala [[bandari]] zote na njia kuu za [[meli]]. Kujengwa kwa [[ngome]] iliyoitwa [[Fort Jesus Mombasa]] mwaka wa [[1593]] kulikusudiwa kuimarisha utawala wao katika eneo hilo, lakini [[ushawishi]] wao ulikatizwa na kuja kwa [[Waingereza]], [[Waholanzi]] na [[Waarabu]] wa [[Omani]] katika eneo hilo [[karne ya 17]]. Waarabu kutoka Omani ndio waliokuwa [[tishio]] kuu la utawala wa Wareno Afrika Mashariki na waliizingira ngome ya Wareno, wakazishambulia meli zao za kivita, kisha kuwafukuza Wareno waliobaki kutoka pwani ya Kenya na Tanzania mwaka wa [[1730]]. Kufikia wakati huo, ufalme wa Ureno haukuwa na [[haja]] na njia ya bahari ya biashara ya viungo kwani [[faida]] yake ilikuwa imepungua sana. Utawala wa Wareno ulibakia tu katika bandari na maeneo ya kusini mwa [[Msumbiji]] hadi mwaka wa [[1975]]. Kutawaliwa kwa pwani ya Kenya na Tanzania na Waarabu kutoka Omani kuliifanya miji hii iliyojitawala hapo awali iwe chini ya uangalifu mkali wa wageni kuliko ilivyokuwa katika enzi za utawala wa Wareno. Waarabu wa Omani, kama Wareno waliowatangulia, waliweza kutawala eneo la pwani tu, si eneo la bara. Hata hivyo, kuanzishwa kwa ma[[shamba]] makubwa ya mi[[karafuu]], kuongezeka kwa [[biashara ya utumwa]] na kuhamishwa kwa [[makao makuu]] ya Waomani hadi [[Zanzibar]] mwaka wa [[1839]] na [[Seyyid Said]] kulisababisha Waomani kuimarisha utawala wao katika eneo hilo. Utawala wa Waarabu katika bandari kuu zote za pwani ya Afrika Mashariki uliendelea hadi [[Uingereza]] ilipoamua kumaliza biashara ya utumwa na uanzishaji wa [[utaratibu]] wa kufanya [[kazi]] kwa [[malipo]] ukaanza kushinikiza utawala wa Waomani. Kufikia mwisho wa [[karne ya 19]], biashara ya watumwa katika bahari zote kuu ilikuwa imeharamishwa na Waingereza: Waarabu wa Omani hawakuwa na uwezo wa kupingana na [[jeshi la wanamaji]] la Uingereza lililokuwa likitekeleza amri hiyo. Waomani waliendelea kuwepo visiwani [[Unguja]] na [[Pemba]] hadi [[mapinduzi]] ya mwaka wa [[1964]], lakini kuwepo kwa Waarabu wa Omani nchini Kenya rasmi kulisitishwa wakati Wajerumani na Waingereza walipozidhibiti bandari zote kuu na kuanzisha mahusiano ya kibiashara na viongozi mashuhuri waliokuwa wenyeji [[miaka ya 1880]]. Hata hivyo, [[urithi]] waliouacha Afrika Mashariki ungali unaonekana kupitia kwa vizazi vyao vipatikanavyo pwani ya Kenya na ambavyo vinaona kuwa asili yao ni Oman. Vizazi hivi hata leo humiliki [[utajiri]] mwingi na ndio wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa kisiasa katika jamii za pwani ya Kenya. [[Picha:Kurve bei Mombasa.jpg|thumb|400 px|[[Reli ya Kenya-Uganda]] karibu na Mombasa, [[1899]] hivi]] Hata hivyo, [[wanahistoria]] wengi hushikilia kuwa [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] nchini Kenya ilianza wakati Wajerumani walipoanza kutawala [[mali]] ya [[Sultani wa Unguja]] iliyo pwani mwaka wa [[1885]], ikifuatwa na kuja kwa [[kampuni]] ya Imperial British East Africa Company mwaka wa [[1888]]. [[Uhasama]] wa kwanza baina ya ma[[bepari]] ulikatizwa wakati Ujerumani ulipouachia Uingereza sehemu ya pwani iliyomiliki. Hii ilifuatia kujengwa kwa [[reli]] iliyounganisha Kenya na [[Uganda]]. Baadhi ya ma[[kabila]] ya Kenya yalipinga [[ujenzi]] huo, hasa [[Wanandi]] wakiongozwa na ''[[Orkoiyot]]'' Koitalel Arap Samoei kwa miaka kumi, kuanzia [[1895]] hadi [[1905]] – lakini hatimaye Waingereza waliijenga reli hii. Inaaminika kuwa Wanandi walikuwa kabila la kwanza kuwekwa kwenye maeneo yaliyotengewa [[Waafrika]] ili kuwazuia kutatiza ujenzi wa reli. Wakati huo [[Wahindi]] wengi wenye [[ujuzi]] waliingia nchini ili kuchangia ujenzi. Wakati wa ujenzi wa reli kupitia [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tsavo Magharibi]], Wahindi wengi na wenyeji Waafrika walivamiwa na [[simba]] wawili waliojulikana kama “[[wala watu wa Tsavo]]”. Wahindi hao na vizazi vyao baadaye walibakia nchini Kenya na kuunda [[kitovu]] cha [[jamii]] za Wahindi zijulikanayo kama [[Ismaili Muslim]] na [[Sikh]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |title=Ismaili muslim |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archivedate=2009-01-03 }}</ref><ref>[http://orvillejenkins.com/profiles/sikh.html Sikh]</ref> Mnamo Agosti [[1914]], [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]] vilipoanza, ma[[gavana]] wa [[British East Africa]] (kama eneo hilo lilivyojulikana) na [[German East Africa]] walifikia makubaliano ili kuepusha ma[[koloni]] yao machanga na uhasama. Hata hivyo, [[Luteni Kanali]] [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]] alichukua [[mamlaka]] ya majeshi ya Ujerumani, akiwa na kusudi la kutwaa [[raslimali]] nyingi iwezekanavyo za Uingereza. Jeshi la Uingereza likiwa limemtenga na Ujerumani, von Lettow aliendesha [[kampeni]] iliyofaulu ya [[vita vya kuvizia]], wakila walichopata, wakiteka bidhaa za matumizi za Uingereza, na kuepuka kushindwa. Mwishowe alisalimu amri na akajisalimisha nchini [[Zambia]] siku kumi na moja baada ya mapatano ya kusimamisha vita kutiwa [[sahihi]] mwaka wa [[1918]]. Waingereza walitumia jeshi la Wahindi kumfukuza Lettow na walihitaji [[wachukuzi]] wengi ili kubeba vifaa vya matumizi hadi [[bara]] kwa [[miguu]] na hivyo kutatua [[shida]] kuu ya uchukuzi. Kundi la wanajeshi wachukuzi liliundwa na kuwajumuisha Waafrika 400,000, na kuchangia katika [[uhamasishaji]] wao wa muda mrefu kisiasa. Hadi mwaka wa 1920, eneo linaloitwa Kenya lilijulikana kama Himaya ya Uingereza ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="annexation">{{Rejea kitabu|title=British East Africa Annexed--Kenya Colony|author=Reuter|section=News|date=8 Julai 1920|page=13|issue=42457}}</ref> Mwaka huo, [[koloni]] la Kenya liliundwa na kupatiwa jina linalotokana na Mlima Kenya<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Foottit |first=Claire |title=Kenya |origyear=2004 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |year=2006 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=1-84162-066-1}}</ref>Waingereza walilitamka jina hilo kama {{pron-en|ˈkiːnjə}}<ref name="oed_kenya">{{OED|Kenya}}</ref> ingawa matamshi ya wenyeji na yaliyokusudiwa katika maendelezo asili, ''Kenia'' yalikuwa ˈkɛnja.<ref>''[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0368-4016(194301)42%3A166%3C42%3A%22SOK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P The Spelling ya Kenya.]'' BJ Ratcliffe. Journal ya Royal African Society, Vol. 42, Namba 166 (Januari 1943), uk. 42-44</ref> Enzi ya [[Jomo Kenyatta]] kuwa [[rais]] wa Kenya miaka ya [[1960]]-[[1969]], matamshi ya [[Kiingereza]], yaani {{IPA-en|ˈkɛnjə|}} yalikubalika na kutumiwa sana kwa sababu jina lake lilidumisha matamshi asilia ya wenyeji.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | last = Foottit | first = Claire | title = Kenya | origyear = 2004 | series = The Brade Travel Guide | year = 2006 | publisher = Bradt Travel Guides Ltd | isbn = 1-84162-066-1 }}</ref> Kumbe saa ya uhuru, mwaka [[1963]], [[Jomo Kenyatta]] alichaguliwa kama rais wa kwanza.<ref name="castro">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Castro |first=Alfonso Peter |title=Facing Kirinyaga |url=https://archive.org/details/facingkirinyagas0000cast |year=1995 |publisher=Intermediat Technology Publications Ltd. |location=London |isbn = 1-85339-253-7}}</ref> Awali alikuwa alishika jina hili kutafakari ahadi yake ya kuikomboa nchi yake na matamshi yake ya jina lake ulisababisha katika matamshi ya Kenya katika Kiingereza kubadilisha nyuma ya makadirio ya awali uliotokea matamshi, {{pron-en|ˈkɛnjə}} Mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], [[wakulima]] Waingereza na Wazungu wengine walituama katika [[nyanda za juu]] katika eneo la kati walikoondokea kuwa ma[[tajiri]] kwa kulima [[kahawa]] na [[chai]].<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "Tunataka nchi yetu"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html |date=20130723000220 }}. Wakati. 5 Novemba 1965.</ref> Kufikia mwaka [[1930]], takribani [[walowezi]] 30,000 waliishi katika maeneo hayo na walikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kisiasa kwa sababu ya uwezo wao wa ki[[uchumi]]. Maeneo hayo yalikuwa makao ya watu [[milioni]] moja wa kabila la [[Wakikuyu]], na wengi wao hawakuwa na [[ithibati]] ya kumiliki mashamba kwa mujibu wa Waingereza (ingawa mashamba hayo yalimilikiwa na kabila hilo kabla ya Wazungu kufika), na waliishi kama wakulima wanaohamahama. Ili kuendeleza matakwa yao, walowezi waliwakataza kilimo cha kahawa na kuwalazimisha kulipa kodi ya [[nyumba]], na maskwota walipewa mashamba madogo baada ya kuwafanyia kazi. Wakikuyu wengi walihamia mijini kwani mashamba yao hayangeweza kutosheleza mahitaji yao. Mwaka wa [[1951]], [[Horace Hector Hearne]] akawa [[mkuu wa sheria]] nchini Kenya (alitoka [[Ceylon]] alikoshikilia [[wadhifa]] huohuo) na alifanya kazi katika [[Mahakama Kuu]] mjini [[Nairobi]]. Alihudumu katika wadhifa huo hadi mwaka [[1954]] alipoteuliwa kama [[Hakimu wa Rufaa]] katika [[Mahakama ya Rufaa]] ya [[Afrika Magharibi]]. [[Usiku]] wa tarehe [[5 Februari]] [[1952]], wakati [[Mfalme]] [[Mfalme George VI|George VI]] alipoaga dunia, Hearne alimsindikiza [[Malkia]] [[Elizabeth II]] na [[mume]]we Filipo [[mwanamfalme]] wa [[Edinburgh]], kwa dhifa ya kitaifa hotelini Treetops, ambayo sasa ni kivutio maarufu cha watalii. Hapa ndipo alipouanzia umalkia.<ref>[http://www.africagenweb.org/kenya/ Kenya, AfricaGenWeb]</ref> Alirudi Uingereza mara moja akiandamana na Hearne. Kuanzia Oktoba 1952 mpaka Desemba [[1959]], Kenya ilikuwa katika [[hali ya hatari]] kufuatia [[uasi]] wa [[Mau Mau]] dhidi ya utawala wa Uingereza. Gavana aliomba na kupata msaada wa wanajeshi Waingereza na Waafrika, pamoja na [[King's African Rifles]]. Mnamo Januari [[1953]], [[Meja Jenerali]] Hinde aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa oparesheni ya kuzima uasi. Hali hii haikuimarika kwa kukosa uchunguzi, kwa hivyo [[Jenerali]] [[George Erskine]] aliteuliwa kuwa [[kamanda]] msimamizi wa majeshi ya kikoloni mnamo Mei 1953, akiungwa mkono hasa na [[Winston Churchill]]. Kutiwa mbaroni kwa [[Warũhiũ Itote]] (aka [[General China]]) tarehe [[15 Januari]] 1954, na kuhojiwa kwake kulipelekea Waingereza kuuelewa vyema usimamizi wa Mau Mau. [[Oparesheni Anvil]] iliyoanzishwa tarehe [[24 Aprili]] 1954 ilipangwa na [[jeshi]] kwa [[wiki]] kadhaa baada ya kukubaliwa na kamati kuu ya vita. Wakati wa oparesheni hiyo, mji wa Nairobi ulidhibitiwa na wanajeshi na wakazi wake walihojiwa huku wafuasi wa Mau Mau wakikamatwa na kupelekwa vizuizini. Mnamo Mei 1953, walinzi wa nyumbani walitambulika rasmi kama [[askari wa usalama]]. Askari hao wa nyumbani ndio waliounda kikosi cha kupambana na mikakati ya Mau Mau kwani walikuwa Waafrika waaminifu, na si majeshi ya kigeni kama Jeshi la Uingereza na King's African Rifles. Kufikia mwisho wa hali ya hatari, askari hao walikuwa wamewaua Mau Mau 4886, ambao ni asilimia 42% ya waasi wote. Kukamatwa kwa [[Dedan Kimathi]] huko [[Nyeri]] tarehe [[21 Oktoba]] [[1956]] kuliashiria kushindwa kwa Mau Mau kukamaliza vita. === Baada ya uhuru === [[Picha:25332612.nairoboi013.JPG|thumb|260px|[[Sanamu]] ya Jomo Kenyatta mjini Nairobi.]] ====Utawala wa Kenyatta==== Waafrika walichaguliwa moja kwa moja katika [[bunge la uwakilishi]] kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa [[1957]]. Licha ya Waingereza kutamani kuwakabidhi [[mamlaka]] wapinzani wasio na [[siasa kali]] ya Kiafrika, ni [[chama]] cha [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU) kilichoongozwa na [[Jomo Kenyatta]] kilichounda [[serikali]] punde tu kabla ya Kenya kupata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[12 Desemba]] [[1963]]. Tarehe 12 Desemba [[1964]], Kenya ilipotangazwa kuwa [[jamhuri]], Kenyatta akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza. Mwaka huohuo, [[jeshi la Kenya]] lilipigana na [[Vita vya Shifta]] dhidi ya kabila la [[Wasomali]] waliokusudia kuiona NFD imejiunga na [[Jamhuri ya Somalia]]. [[Mashifta]] walililemea jeshi la Kenya lakini baadaye walishindwa mwaka wa [[1967]]. Kenya ilitia [[saini]] [[mkataba]] na nchi ya [[Ethiopia]] mwaka wa [[1969]] unaodumu mpaka leo kwa kuhofia ma[[shambulizi]] kutoka kwa [[jeshi la Somalia]] lililokuwa na nguvu zaidi.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1992/BHK.htm Post-Uhuru Low intensiteten Conflict Nchini Kenya]</ref> Eneo la NFD nchini Kenya halijaendelea kutokana na [[kiangazi]] na [[mafuriko]]. Hata hivyo, [[wakimbizi]] wafanyabiashara wa Kisomali waliotajirika wamebadilisha [[mtaa]] wa Eastleigh uliokuwa wa ma[[banda]] na kuufanya kuwa ngome ya kibiashara katika sehemu kubwa ya mashariki mwa mji wa Nairobi.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=E. H.|first=Campbell|date=2006|title=Urban Refugees in Nairobi: Problems of Protection, Mechanisms of Survival, and Possibilities for Integration|url=https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/3/396/1571241|journal=Journal of Refugee Studies|volume=19|issue=3|pages=396|doi=10.1093/jrs}}</ref> ====Utawala wa Moi==== Mwaka wa [[1978]], Kenyatta alifariki na [[Daniel Arap Moi]] akawa rais. Moi alidumisha [[urais]] kwa kuchaguliwa bila kupingwa katika chaguzi za mwaka wa [[1979]], [[1983]] (uchaguzi wa [[dharura]]) na [[1988]], zote zikiwa zilifanyika chini ya [[katiba]] ya [[chama kimoja]]. Uchaguzi wa 1983 ulifanyika mwaka mmoja kabla ya wakati kutokana na [[njama]] ya [[kupindua serikali]] iliyokosa kufaulu tarehe [[1 Agosti]] [[1982]]. [[Mapinduzi]] hayo yaliyotibuka yalipangwa na [[askari]] [[mwanahewa]] wa [[cheo]] cha chini, Bwana [[Hezekiah Ochuka]] na kuendelezwa hasa na wanahewa. [[Jaribio]] hilo lilizimwa kwa haraka na wanajeshi waaminifu wakiongozwa na [[Jeshi la Nchi Kavu]], General Service Unit (GSU) - kikosi cha [[polisi]] wenye [[hadhi]] ya kijeshi - na baadaye polisi wa kawaida. Hata hivyo [[raia]] kadhaa walijeruhiwa na wengine kuuawa. [[Tukio]] hilo lilisababisha kuvunjwa kwa kikosi chote cha wanahewa, huku wengine wakiachishwa kazi na wengine wakishtakiwa kwenye [[mahakama ya kijeshi]]. Katika uchaguzi wa 1988 ''[[kura za mlolongo]]'' zilianzishwa, ambapo wapigakura walitakiwa kupiga [[foleni]] nyuma ya [[wagombea]] wanaowapenda, badala ya kutumia [[kura ya siri]]<ref>Wapiga kura wengi kukaa nyumbani kama Kenya Drops Secret Ballot katika Uchaguzi Parliamentary http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html |date=20110215084715 }}: The Washington Post Kifungu tarehe: 25 Februari 1988 Author: Blaine Harden</ref> Jambo hilo lilionekana kama [[kilele]] cha enzi ya [[ukiukaji]] mkubwa wa [[demokrasia]] likasababisha [[msukumo]] mkuu wa [[mageuzi]] ya kikatiba. Vipengele vilivyokuwa na utata, kikiwemo kile kilichoruhusu chama kimoja pekee cha kisiasa, vilibadilishwa miaka iliyofuata.<ref>religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu / rihand / Kenya.html</ref> Katika uchaguzi wa kidemokrasia wa vyama vingi wa miaka ya [[1992]] na [[1997]], Daniel Arap Moi alichaguliwa tena. ====Utawala wa Kibaki==== Kulingana na katiba, mwaka [[2002]] Moi hakuruhusiwa kuwania urais tena, na [[Mwai Kibaki]] wa [[chama cha upinzani]] cha "[[National Rainbow Coalition]]" — NARC akachaguliwa kuwa rais. Uchaguzi huo ulitambulikana kuwa wa kidemokrasia na [[wachunguzi]] wa humu nchini na wa kimataifa na hivyo kuwa chanzo cha mageuzi makubwa ya kidemokrasia nchini Kenya. Mnamo Desemba [[2002]], Wakenya walifanya uchaguzi uliokuwa wa kidemokrasia na uwazi ambao kwa kiasi kikubwa uliamuliwa kuwa huru na wa haki na wachunguzi wa kimataifa. Uchaguzi wa mwaka huo ulikuwa mwanzo mpya na uliiletea Kenya mabadiliko makuu ya kisiasa yaliyowezesha chama cha Kenya African National Union (KANU), kilichokuwa kimeitawala nchi tangu uhuru, kukabidhi kwa amani mamlaka kwa chama cha National Rainbow Coalition (NARK), uliokuwa muungano wa vyama vingi. Chini ya uongozi wa Rais Mwai Kibaki, muungano wa vyama tawala ulihahidi kushughulikia ukuaji wa kiuchumi, kumaliza ufisadi, kuimarisha elimu na kuandika katiba mpya. Baadhi ya ahadi hizi zimeshatimizwa. Kuna elimu ya msingi ya bure. Mwaka wa 2007 serikali ilitangaza kuwa, kuanzia mwaka 2008 gharama ya masomo ya shule za upili itapunguzwa huku serikali ikilipia gharama zote za mafundisho. ====Uchaguzi wa 2007==== {{Main|Uchaguzi wa bunge nchini Kenya, 2007}} Katika uchaguzi mkuu uliofanyika tarehe 27 Desemba 2007, Rais Kibaki wa chama cha Party of National Unity (PNU) aliwania uchaguzi dhidi ya chama kikuu cha upinzani Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). Kulingana na wachunguzi wa kimataifa, uchaguzi huo ulikumbwa na udanganyifu na hivyo kutofikia kiwango kinachokubalika kimataifa. Chama cha ODM kilisambaratika na kupoteza 8 % ya kura zake kwa chama kipya cha Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya (ODM) - kikiongozwa na [[Kalonzo Musyoka]]. Kinyang’anyiro kilikuwa kikali kati ya mgombea wa ODM, [[Raila Odinga]] na Kibaki wa PNU. Kuhesabiwa kwa kura na [[Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya]] kulionyesha Raila akiongoza kwa [[kura]] chache na baadaye kwa kura nyingi. Hata hivyo, kura zilipoendelea kuhesabiwa na Tume ya Uchaguzi, Kibaki alimkaribia [[mpinzani]] wake kwa kura, kisha akamshinda. Matokeo hayo yalisababisha [[maandamano]] na kulaumiwa kwa Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya kwa kumpendelea Kibaki, hivyo Oginga akajitangaza “rais wa watu” na kutaka kura zihesabiwe tena.<ref>ghasia za uchaguzi Kenya unatishia mafanikio yake ya kiuchumi http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/auvideo/2008-01/07/content_6375707.htm</ref> Maandamano hayo yalibadilika kuwa [[ghasia]] zilizosababisha kuharibiwa kwa [[mali]].<ref name="reuters">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL0743589._CH_.2400 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archivedate=2009-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715200529/http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL0743589._CH_.2400}}</ref>. Viongozi mashuhuri wa Afrika, wakiongozwa na aliyekuwa [[katibu mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa]] [[Kofi Annan]] walisuluhisha [[mzozo]] huo wa kisiasa. Kundi la Annan liliungwa mkono na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuia ya Ulaya]], [[Muungano wa Nchi za Afrika]], Serikali ya Marekani na nchi nyingine maarufu ulimwenguni kote. Kwa habari zaidi rejelea [[Ghasia nchini Kenya (2007-2008)]]. Annan aliomba usaidizi kwa [[kamati]] yake ya [[upatanishi]] kutoka kwa shirika la kushughulikia mizozo la [[Uswisi]] lijulikanalo kama Kituo cha Mazungumzo ya Kihisani yaani Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. ====Serikali ya muungano==== Tarehe [[12 Februari]] 2008 Kibaki na Odinga walitia sahihi mkataba wa kuunda [[serikali ya muungano]] ambapo Odinga angekuwa [[waziri mkuu]] wa pili nchini Kenya. Kulingana na mkataba huo, rais angeteua [[baraza la mawaziri]] kutoka pande zote mbili za PNU na ODM kulingana na wingi wa wabunge wa kila chama bungeni. Mkataba huo ulieleza kuwa baraza la mawaziri litajumuisha [[Makamu wa Rais]] na manaibu wawili wa Waziri Mkuu. Baada ya majadiliano bungeni ilipitishwa kuwa muungano huo utadumu hadi mwisho wa kipindi cha bunge, ama chama kimoja kikijitoa kwenye muungano kabla ya kipindi cha bunge kuisha. [[Wadhifa]] huo mpya wa waziri mkuu utakuwa na nguvu na mamlaka kuratibu na kusimamia shughuli za serikali. Vilevile itaongozwa na mbunge aliyechaguliwa ambaye pia atakuwa kiongozi wa chama au muungano wa vyama wenye idadi kubwa ya wabunge bungeni. Ulimwengu ulimshuhudia Annan na kamati yake iliyoungwa mkono na Umoja wa Mataifa na mwenye kiti wa muungano wa nchi za Afrika Jakaya Kikwete, walipowaleta pamoja wapinzani hawa sugu kwenye sherehe za kutia sahihi mkataba huu. Sherehe hizi zilionyeshwa moja kwa moja kwenya televisheni ya kitaifa kutoka kiingilio cha Jumba la Harambee mjini Nairobi. Wawakilishi wa PNU na ODM walianza majadiliano ya kina kuhusu ugavi wa mamlaka tarehe 29 Februari 2008.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/29/us.kenya.ap/index.html 'Hope is back' kwa Kenya - CNN.com] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/29/us.kenya.ap/index.html |date=20080305205228 }} saa edition.cnn.com</ref> Wabunge wa Kenya, kwa pamoja, waliidhinisha mkataba wa ugawaji mamlaka tarehe 18 mwezi wa Machi 2008 ili kuiokoa Kenya iliyoaminika kama mojawapo ya nchi thabiti na iliyoendelea barani Afrika. Mkataba huu uliunganisha PNU iliyoongozwa na Kibaki na ODM ya Odinga kisha kupelekea kuundwa kwa serikali ya muungano, vyama vyote viwili vikiwa na mamlaka sawa.<ref>wabunge Kenya kupitisha sheria ya kugawana madaraka-english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/111A3F40-0FD9-4DCB-ACB0-822D1E3A09EA.htm Al Jazeera Kiingereza 18 Machi</ref> Tarehe [[13 Aprili]] 2008, Rais Kibaki aliitangaza baraza la mawaziri 41 wa serikali hii ya muungano ikijumuisha waziri mkuu na makamu wake wawili. Baraza hili lilijumuisha pia manaibu wa mawaziri 50 na lilitawazwa katika [[Ikulu]] ya Nairobi tarehe [[17 Aprili]] 2008 huku Kofi Annan na viongozi wengine mashuhuri wakishuhudia. Tarehe [[4 Novemba]] [[2008]] ilitangazwa kuwa [[sikukuu ya kitaifa]] kusherehekea [[ushindi]] wa [[Barack Obama]], ambaye [[baba]] yake alikuwa Mkenya, kama rais wa [[Marekani]]. Katika sehemu za mashambani, kama wilayani [[Kisii]], visa vya kuchoma watu wakidaiwa kuwa [[wachawi]] vinaongezeka.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8119201.stm Horror ya Kenya's 'Witch' lynchings]</ref> Waathiriwa hasa ni wanawake wakongwe. Mnamo Mei 2008, watu 11 waliuwa na nyumba 30 kuchomwa.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/05/22/2252041.htm Mob nzito kifo 11 Kenya 'witches']</ref> ==Siasa na Utawala== Tazama pia: [[Orodha ya vyama vya kisiasa nchini Kenya]] Kwa sasa Kenya ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya kiuwakilishi inayoongozwa na rais, ambaye ndiye mkuu wa taifa na kiongozi wa serikali, na yenye [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]]. [[Serikali]] ndiyo yenye [[mamlaka]] ya juu. Utungaji wa [[sheria]] ni jukumu la serikali na la [[bunge]] la taifa. Idara ya Mahakama ni huru, na imejitenga na serikali kuu na bunge. Hata hivyo, kulikuwa na kutoridhika kwingi, hasa katika enzi ya rais mstaafu [[Daniel Arap Moi]], kuwa serikali iliingilia sana shughuli za mahakama. Kenya imedumisha uthabiti wa kutosha licha ya mabadiliko katika mifumo yake ya kisiasa na michafuko katika nchi kadhaa jirani. Bunge la mseto wa vyama vingi la [[1997]] lilianzisha [[mageuzi]] yaliyobadilisha sheria za kikoloni zenye [[dhuluma]] zilizotumika kuuzuia uhuru wa kuongea na kutangamana. Jambo hilo liliimarisha uhuru wa [[umma]] na kuchangia kiasi kuaminika kwa [[uchaguzi]] wa Desemba 1997. ===Kaunti na tarafa=== {{Main|Kaunti za Kenya|Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya}} [[Picha:Map showing Counties underthe new kenyan constitution..gif|thumb|Kaunti za Kenya.]] Kenya ina [[kaunti]] 47, kila moja ikiongozwa na Mkuu wa Kaunti anayechaguliwa na watu ambao wanaishi kwenye hiyo kaunti. [[Serikali za mitaa]] huendelezwa kupitia mabaraza ya miji. Maeneo mengi ya mijini huwa ni [[mji]], [[manisipaa]] au baraza la mji. Serikali za mitaa katika maeneo ya [[Shamba|mashambani]] huitwa [[serikali]] za [[wilaya]]. Ma[[diwani]] wa mitaa hii huchaguliwa katika [[uchaguzi]] wa madiwani unaofanywa wakati mmoja na [[uchaguzi mkuu]]. Maeneo ya uwakilishi bungeni yamegawanywa kwa sababu ya upigaji [[kura]]. Kuna maeneobunge 210 nchini Kenya.<ref>Kenya Roads Board [http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php Constituency ufadhili chini ya RMLF] {{Wayback|url=http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php |date=20080113052023 }}</ref> == Demografia == {{Main|Demografia ya Kenya}} === Miji === {{main|Orodha ya miji ya Kenya}} Ukuaji wa miji nchini Kenya umeongezeka kwa kasi, huku ongezeko la idadi ya watu likijikita zaidi katika miji mikubwa. Kulingana na sensa ya mwaka 2019, [[Nairobi]] ndilo jiji kubwa zaidi lenye wakazi 4,397,073, likifuatiwa na [[Mombasa]] (1,208,333) na [[Nakuru]] (570,674). Miji mingine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Eldoret]] (475,716) na [[Kisumu]] (397,957). Ukuaji wa miji ya karibu na [[Nairobi]], hasa katika [[Kaunti ya Kiambu]] kama [[Ruiru]], [[Kikuyu (mji)|Kikuyu]] na [[Thika]], unaonyesha kuendelea kwa upanuzi wa jiji hilo. {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Kenya | stat_ref = Kulingana na sensa ya 2019 <ref name="Census2019">{{Rejea tovuti |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume III: Distribution of Population by Age and Sex |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iii-distribution-of-population-by-age-sex-and-administrative-units&wpdmdl=5729&ind=0tNSo67ECQDUWjzx5h0MYjfrww-Ec24S00Uu0My9291AsXaUorFJx1bFVmQ7L1yZcD3J2SdGI3QT4aKeCFb-DA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802200037/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iii-distribution-of-population-by-age-sex-and-administrative-units&wpdmdl=5729&ind=0tNSo67ECQDUWjzx5h0MYjfrww-Ec24S00Uu0My9291AsXaUorFJx1bFVmQ7L1yZcD3J2SdGI3QT4aKeCFb-DA |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> | list_by_pop = | div_name = Kaunti | div_link = Kaunti za Kenya{{!}}Kaunti | city_1 = Nairobi | div_1 = Kaunti ya Nairobi{{!}}Nairobi | pop_1 = 4 397 073 | img_1 = Nairobi, view from KICC.JPG | city_2 = Mombasa | div_2 = Kaunti ya Mombasa{{!}}Mombasa | pop_2 = 1 208 333 | img_2 = Mombasa skyline.jpg | city_3 = Nakuru | div_3 = Kaunti ya Nakuru{{!}}Nakuru | pop_3 = 570 674 | img_3 = | city_4 = Ruiru | div_4 = Kaunti ya Kiambu{{!}}Kiambu | pop_4 = 490 120 | img_4 = | city_5 = Eldoret | div_5 = Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu{{!}}Uasin Gishu | pop_5 = 475 716 | city_6 = Kisumu | div_6 = Kaunti ya Kisumu{{!}}Kisumu | pop_6 = 397 957 | city_7 = Kikuyu, Kenya{{!}}Kikuyu | div_7 = Kaunti ya Kiambu{{!}}Kiambu | pop_7 = 323 881 | city_8 = Thika | div_8 = Kaunti ya Kiambu{{!}}Kiambu | pop_8 = 251 407 | city_9 = Naivasha | div_9 = Kaunti ya Nakuru{{!}}Nakuru | pop_9 = 198 444 | city_10 = Karuri | div_10 = Kaunti ya Kiambu{{!}}Kiambu | pop_10 = 194 342 | city_11 = Ongata Rongai | div_11 = Kaunti ya Kajiado{{!}}Kajiado | pop_11 = 172 569 | city_12 = Garissa | div_12 = Kaunti ya Garissa{{!}}Garissa | pop_12 = 163 399 | city_13 = Kitale | div_13 = Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia{{!}}Trans-Nzoia | pop_13 = 162 174 | city_14 = Juja | div_14 = Kaunti ya Kiambu{{!}}Kiambu | pop_14 = 156 041 | city_15 = Mlolongo | div_15 = Kaunti ya Machakos{{!}}Machakos | pop_15 = 136 351 | city_16 = Malindi | div_16 = Kaunti ya Kilifi{{!}}Kilifi | pop_16 = 119 859 | city_17 = Mandera | div_17 = Kaunti ya Mandera{{!}}Mandera | pop_17 = 114 718 | city_18 = Kisii, Kenya{{!}}Kisii | div_18 = Kaunti ya Kisii{{!}}Kisii | pop_18 = 112 417 | city_19 = Kakamega | div_19 = Kaunti ya Kakamega{{!}}Kakamega | pop_19 = 107 227 | city_20 = Ngong, Kenya{{!}}Ngong | div_20 = Kaunti ya Kajiado{{!}}Kajiado | pop_20 = 102 323 }} === Kabila/Asili === {{Main|Orodha ya Makabila nchini Kenya|Dini nchini Kenya}} Kenya ni nchi yenye ma[[kabila]] mengi tofautitofauti, hasa ya [[Kibantu]] (67%) na ya [[Waniloti|Kiniloti]]. Wakenya wengi huzungumza [[lugha]] mbili, [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kiswahili]], na [[asilimia]] kubwa pia huzungumza [[lugha mama]] ya kabila lao. Makundi ya makabila ni kama ifuatavyo:17.13% [[Wakikuyu]], 14.35% [[Waluhya]], 13.37% [[Wakalenjin]], 10.65% [[Waluo]], 9.81% [[Wakamba]], 5.85% [[Wasomali]] 5.68% [[Wakisii]], makabila mengine ya Kiafrika 15%, wasio Waafrika ([[Wahindi]], [[Waingereza]] na [[Waarabu]]) 1% <ref name="worldfactbook"/> Kila kundi au kabila lina lugha yake na Kiswahili hutumika kama chombo cha kuwasiliana miongoni mwa makabila tofauti. ===Dini=== [[File:Catholic Church in Mombasa.JPG|thumb|250px|Kanisa Katoliki huko [[Mombasa]].]] Upande wa [[dini]], idadi kubwa ya Wakenya ni [[Wakristo]]: kulingana na [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2019]], [[asilimia]] 85.5 ya [[wakazi]] wa [[Kenya]] walikuwa [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] (asilimia 53.9 ni [[Waprotestanti]], asilimia 20.6 ni [[Wakatoliki]], asilimia 11.8 ni Wakristo wa [[madhehebu]] mengine mbalimbali, wakiwemo Waorthodoksi 621,200), asilimia 10.9 ni [[Waislamu]], asilimia 0.7 ni wafuasi wa [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]], asilimia 1.7 ni wa makundi mengine ya dini (kuna [[Wahindu]] takribani 60,000, ambao wameingiliana vyema na Wakenya wengine na huchangia pakubwa uchumi wa nchi), na asilimia 1.6 wanadai hawana uhusiano na [[dini]] yoyote ile. {{bar box |float=right |title=Dini nchini [[Kenya]] mwaka 2019 |width=250px |bars= {{bar percent|[[Ukristo]]|DodgerBlue|85.5}} {{bar percent| [[Uislamu]]|Green|10.9}} {{bar percent|Wasio na dini|DodgerBlue|1.7}} {{bar percent|[[Dini za jadi]]|grey|0.7}} |caption=Chanzo : KNBS (Sensa 2019) }} Waislamu wengi huishi katika kaunti za Kaskazini na Kaskazini Magharibi mwa nchi huku wengine wakiishi katika pwani. Wengi wa wanaoishi sehemu ya magharibi mkoani Pwani ni Wakristo. Eneo la kaskazini la Mkoa wa Mashariki ni makazi ya asilimia 10 ya jumla ya Waislamu nchini; hii ndiyo [[dini]] ya wakazi wengi wa hapa, na mbali na idadi ndogo ya [[Wasomali]] wanaoishi Nairobi, idadi kubwa ya Wakenya wengine ni Wakristo.<ref>http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm US Department of State</ref> ==Sanaa na Utamaduni== === Utamaduni=== [[Picha:Maasai tribe.jpg|upright|thumb|200px|Askari Wamasai]] [[Picha:Kenyan man.jpg|upright|thumb|200px|Mmasai katika mapambo ya jadi]] {{Main|Utamaduni wa Kenya|Muziki wa Kenya}} Kenya ni nchi yenye tamaduni anuwai. Tamaduni zinazotambulika ni pamoja na Waswahili walio katika eneo la pwani, jamii za wafugaji katika eneo la kaskazini na jamii nyingine mbalimbali katika maeneo ya kati na magharibi. [[Wajaluo]] wa Kenya ni wazawa wa [[jamii]] za [[wakulima]] na [[wafugaji]] walioishi magharibi mwa Kenya kabla ya ukoloni. Inafahamika kwamba asili ya Wajaluo na makabila mengine ya [[Waniloti]] ni kaskazini mwa Kenya, pengine maeneo ya Sudan Kusini ya sasa. Waniloti, kama wanavyoitwa, ni kikundi cha ki[[anthropolojia]] kilichotoka maeneo ya kaskazini mashariki mwa Afrika. Pengine walihamia kusini kutokana na [[vita]] vilivyosababishwa na ukuaji wa [[Kush]] na [[Misri]]. Waniloti nchini Kenya ni [[Wajaluo]], [[Waturkana]], [[Wakalenjin]] na [[Wamasai]]. Hili linadhihirika kutokana na kuwepo kwa [[lahaja]] zinazofanana kati ya makabila fulani nchini Sudan Kusini leo. Makabila haya ni pamoja na [[Akoli]] na [[Lwo]] (si sawa na Luo) wanaoishi katika eneo la [[Darfur]]. Kuna makabila mengine ya Waniloti yanayoishi nchini [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]]. Hii hasa ni kwa sababu ya Wajaluo kuvutiwa na [[Ziwa Victoria]], ambako wanapatikana katika nchi hizi tatu (Uganda, Tanzania na Kenya). Nchini Uganda, wanajulikana kwa kuanzisha [[himaya]] ya [[Waganda]] na ya himaya ya [[Watoro]]. Wajaluo nchini Kenya walipigana vita na majirani wao, hasa Wakalenjin, ili kulidhibiti ziwa hilo. Leo hii, utamaduni wa Wamaasai unajulikana sana kwa kuangaziwa vilivyo na utalii, hata hivyo Wamaasai ni asilimia ndogo ya idadi ya Wakenya kwa jumla. Wamaasai wanatambulika kwa kujipamba sehemu ya juu ya mwili na kwa vito. Kenya ina utajiri mwingi wa [[muziki]], vituo vya [[runinga]] na [[maonyesho ya sanaa]]. ===Fasihi=== {{Main|Fasihi ya Kenya}} [[Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] ni mmoja wa [[waandishi]] maarufu wa Kenya. [[Kitabu]] chake ''[[:en:Weep Not, Child]]'' ni ufafanuzi wa [[maisha]] yalivyokuwa Waingereza walipoitwaa Kenya. Hii ni [[hadithi]] kuhusu athari za Mau Mau katika maisha ya Wakenya asili. Kinavyochanganya maudhui - ukoloni, elimu, na mapenzi - kunakifanya kuwa kimojawapo kati ya vitabu bora vya hadithi barani Afrika. Kitabu cha hadithi cha [[M. G. Vassanji]] ''The In-Between World of Vikram Lall'' kilishinda tuzo la Giller Prize mwaka 2003. Hii ni hadithi ya kubuni ya Mkenya mwenye asili ya Kihindi na [[familia]] yake wavyojizatiti na mabadiliko ya kisiasa wakati wa ukoloni na baada ya ukoloni nchini Kenya. Kuanzia mwaka wa 2003, jarida la fasihi ''[[Kwani?]]'' limekuwa likichapisha fasihi ya kisasa ya Kenya. ==Elimu== {{Main|Elimu nchini Kenya}} Mfumo wa elimu nchini Kenya unajumuisha elimu ya [[chekechea]], [[elimu ya msingi|ya msingi]], ya [[sekondari]] na ya [[vyuo]]. Elimu ya watoto wadogo aghalabu huchukua miaka mitatu, ya msingi miaka minane, sekondari minne na chuo kikuu miaka minne au sita kwa kutegemea kozi. Shule za chekechea, ambazo ni za watoto wa umri wa miaka mitatu hadi mitano, ni sehemu muhimu ya mfumo huu wa elimu na ni kigezo muhimu kabla ya kusajiliwa katika darasa la kwanza (Gredi ya Kwanza). Mwishoni mwa elimu ya msingi wanafunzi hufanya mtihani wa Cheti cha Kuhitimu Masomo ya Msingi Kenya (KCPE), ambao huamua watakaojiunga na shule ya sekondari au vyuo vya ufundi. Umri wa shule ya msingi ni miaka 6/7 hadi 13/14. Wale wanaojiunga na shule ya upili hufanya mtihani wa taifa mwishoni mwa kidato cha nne - Mtihani wa Cheti cha Kuhitimu Masomo ya Shule ya Upili Kenya (KCSE), ambao huamua watakaojiunga na vyuo vikuu, vyuo vya taatuma nyinginezo au kuajiriwa. Baraza Kuu la Usajili (JAB) ndilo lenye jukumu la kuwachagua wanafunzi watakaojiunga na vyuo vikuu vya umma. Mbali na shule za umma, kuna shule nyingi za binafsi nchini, hasa katika sehemu za miji. Vilevile, kuna shule kadhaa za kimataifa zinazofundisha mifumo mbalimbali ya elimu ya ng'ambo. === Historia ya elimu === Mfumo wa kwanza wa elimu nchini Kenya baada ya uhuru uliletwa na wakoloni Waingereza. Baada ya nchi kupata uhuru tarehe 12 Desemba 1963, Tume ya Ominde iliundwa ili kuleta mabadiliko ambayo yaakisi matarajio ya taifa huru la Kenya. Tume hii ilimulika masuala ya usawa na umoja, ambayo yalikuwa muhimu hasa wakati huo. Mabadiliko ya kilichofundishwa katika historia na jiografia yalifanywa ili kuakisi umoja wa kitaifa. Kati ya miaka 1964 na 1985, mfumo wa 7-4-2-3 ulifuatwa (miaka saba masomo ya msingi, miaka minne sekondari ya daraja la chini, miaka miwili sekondari ya daraja la juu, na miaka mitatu masomo ya chuo kikuu). Shule zote zilifuata [[mtaala]] mmoja. Mwaka wa 1981, kamati iliyoteuliwa na rais kuratibu namna ya kuanzisha chuo kikuu cha pili nchini Kenya, na pia kuubadilisha mfumo wa elimu kwa jumla, ilianza kazi yake. Kamati hii ilipendekeza kuwa mfumo ule wa 7-4-2-3 ubadilishwe kuwa mfumo wa 8-4-4 (miaka minane shule ya msingi, miaka minne shule ya upili, miaka minne elimu ya chuo kikuu). Jedwali lililo katika Elimu ya Sasa Nchini Kenya linaonyesha muundo wa mfumo wa 8-4-4. Ingawa mfumo wa 7-4-2-3 kinadharia ulifikia kikomo mfumo wa 8-4-4 ulipoanzishwa mwaka wa 1985, kundi la mwisho la mfumo huo wa awali lilihitimu kutoka vyuo vikuu vya Kenya mwaka wa 1992. === Elimu nchini Kenya sasa === Mfumo wa sasa wa 8-4-4 ilizinduliwa Januari 1985. Ulitilia mkazo masomo ya kiufundi kwa matarajio kuwa, muundo huu mpya utawawezesha wanaoacha shule katika viwango mbalimbali aidha kujiajiri wenyewe au kupata ajira katika sekta ya juakali. Mnamo Januari 2003, Serikali ya Kenya ilitangaza kuanzishwa kwa masomo ya shule za msingi bila malipo. Hili lilipelekea kuongezeka kwa wanafunzi waliojiunga na shule za msingi kwa asilimia 70. Hata hivyo, idadi ya waliojiunga na shule za upili na vyuo haikuongezeka sana kwa sababu malipo bado yalihitajika ili kuhudhuria masomo. Mtihani wa kuhitimu cheti cha masomo ya msingi nchini Kenya (KCPE) hufanywa katika darasa la nane. Matokeo ya mtihani huu huhitajika ili kusajiliwa katika shule ya upili. Mtihani wa kuhitimu cheti cha masomo ya shule ya upili nchini Kenya (K.C.S.E.) hufanywa katika kidato cha nne. Wanafunzi hufanya mtihani katika masomo nane. === Ukosoaji === Mfumo wa elimu wa Kenya 8-4-4 umepitia mengi magumu katika kipindi kirefu ulichodumu. Punde tu baada ya kufuzu kwa kundi la kwanza la wanafunzi wa mfumo huu mwaka wa 1989, wananchi wengi walijitokeza kuilaumu na kuihukumu serikali kwa kuuanzisha mfumo huu. Wakosoaji hao walidai kuwa waliohitimu hawajaandaliwa vyema na hawangeweza kushindana na wenzao kutoka sehemu nyingine za [[ulimwengu]]. Wengine walihoji kuwa waliofuzu kupitia mfumo huu walikuwa aidha wachanga sana au hawajaandaliwa vyema kwa nafasi za kazi zilizokuweko. Serikali haikusikiliza hayo yote pengine kwa sababu uwezekano wa kuubadilisha na kuuunda upya kungeigharimu pesa nyingi. Hata hivyo, kwa miaka mingi waliofuzu kupitia mfumo huu wamewaaibisha walioupinga kwa kufualu katika vyuo vya nchini na ng’ambo. Pia wasomi na wafanyakazi wa afya kuhamia [[nchi zilizoendelea]] ni dhihirisho tosha la hali hii. Mkazo uliotiliwa masomo ya ufundi umefifia na mabadiliko ya hivi juzi katika mtaala yanasisitiza [[teknolojia]] ya [[upashanaji habari]], [[sayansi]], [[hesabu]] na lugha. Kwa vyovyote vile, kazi ya kiakademia na kusisitizwa kwa kupita mitihani iliyoandikwa hakujaacha nafasi kwa [[useremala]], [[uashi]], [[upishi]] na mafunzo mengine ya [[ufundi]]. ==Michezo== {{Main|Michezo ya Kenya}} [[Picha:Icc Wcl Championship Nepal Vs Kenya Tu Ground Kathmandu @ Nepal 6.jpg|thumb|Timu ya kriketi ya Kenya]] [[Picha:Elgon Cup 2007.png|thumb|Timu ya rugby ya Kenya]] Kenya hushiriki katika [[michezo]] mbalimbali ikiwemo [[kriketi]], [[mbio za magari]], [[soka]], [[raga]] na [[ngumi]]. Lakini nchi hii inajulikana hasa kwa kutawala katika [[mbio za masafa ya kadiri]] na [[mbio za masafa marefu]]. Kenya, kwa muda mrefu, imetoa [[Bingwa|mabingwa]] wa [[Olimpiki]] na [[michezo ya Jumuia ya Madola]] katika nyanja mbalimbali, hasa katika mbio za mita 800, mita 1,500, mita 3,000 kuruka viunzi na maji, mita 5,000, mita 10,000 na mbio za masafa marefu. [[Wanariadha]] wa Kenya (hasa wa kabila la Wakalenjin) wanaendelea kutawala mbio za masafa ulimwenguni, ingawa ushindani kutoka nchi ya [[Moroko]] na Ethiopia umepunguza umaarufu huu. [[Wanariadha]] wa Kenya wanaosifika sana ni pamoja na mshindi mara nne wa mbio za masafa marefu za [[Boston]] kwa [[wanawake]] na mshindi mara mbili wa mbio za dunia [[Catherine Ndereba]], aliyeshikilia rekodi ya awali ya mbio za dunia [[Paul Tergat]], na [[John Ngugi]]. Wakati wa michezo ya Olimpiki ya [[Beijing]] Kenya ilishinda [[medali]] 6 za [[dhahabu]], 4 za [[fedha]], 4 za [[shaba]] na kulifanya taifa lililofaulu sana barani Afrika katika michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 2008. Wanariadha wapya walitambulikana, kama [[Pamela Jelimo]], mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za mita 800 kwa wanawake aliyejitahidi na kushinda tuzo la Golden League, na [[Samuel Wajiru]] aliyeshinda mbio za masafa marefu kwa wanaume. Bingwa mstaafu wa mbio za Olimpiki na za Jumuia ya Madola, [[Kipchoge Keino]], alisaidia kuanza ubingwa wa mbio za masafa marefu [[miaka ya 1970]] akafuatwa na bingwa wa michezo ya Jumuia ya Madola, [[Henry Rono]], aliyeshikilia rekodi kadhaa za dunia. Hivi majuzi, kumekuwa na mzozo wa wanariadha wa Kenya waliosaliti nchi yao na kuwakilisha nchi nyingine, hasa [[Bahrain]] na [[Qatar]]. [[Wizara ya michezo]] ya Kenya imejaribu kuzuia usaliti huu, lakini umeendelea tu, [[Bernard Lagat]] akiwa wa mwisho, akichagua kuiwakilisha [[Marekani]].Usaliti huu, kwingi unatokana na sababu za kiuchumi au kifedha ingawa pia wanariadha wazuri wasioweza kufaulu katika timu nzuri ya taifa huona ni rahisi kufaulu kwa kukimbilia nchi nyingine. Kenya pia imetawala [[voliboli]] ya wanawake barani Afrika, huku vilabu na [[timu ya taifa]] vikishinda mashindano kadhaa barani Afrika katika [[mwongo]] uliopita. Timu ya wanawake pia imeshiriki katika michezo ya Olimpiki na Mashindano ya Ulimwengu ingawa haijafaulu vilivyo. Mchezo wa kriketi ni maarufu na pia ni mchezo wa timu ambao umefaulu sana. Kenya imeshiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi]] tangu mwaka [[1996]]. Timu hii ilishinda baadhi ya timu maarufu ulimwenguni na kufikia [[semifainali]] katika mchuano wa mwaka [[2003]] na wachezaji kama vile [[Steve Tikolo]] na [[Maurice Odumbe]]. Walishinda ligi ya kriketi ya dunia daraja la 1 iliyofanyika Nairobi kwa mara ya kwanza, kisha wakashiriki katika mchuano wa ulimwengu wa T20. [[Nahodha]] wa sasa wa timu ni [[Collins Obuya]]. Kenya imejiundia jina katika muungano wa raga na wachezaji kama vile [[Collins Injera]] na [[Lucas Onyango]]. Mchezo huo ni maarufu nchini hasa kwa sababu ya mchuano wa kila mwaka wa Safari Sevens. Timu ya Kenya ya raga ya wachezaji [[saba]] kila upande ilikuwa nambari ya 9 katika michezo ya dunia ya wachezaji saba IRB katika msimu wa mwaka 2006. Kenya ilikuwa bingwa wa soka katika eneo hili lakini ubingwa huu umefifia kutokana na kutoelewana kwa maafisa wa Kamati ya Soka Nchini.<ref>New Vision, 3 Juni 2004: [http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 Wrangles ardhi Kenya utan fastställd FIFA marufuku] {{Wayback|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 |date=20080110015009 }}</ref> Mizozo hii ilipelekea Kenya kupigwa marufuku na FIFA, lakini marufuku hii iliondolewa mnamo Machi 2007. Kwa upande wa mbio za magari, Kenya ndio waandalizi wa mbio za magari maarufu za [[Safari Rally]] zinazotambulika kuwa ngumu zaidi ulimwenguni,<ref>The Auto Channel, 21 Julai 2001: [http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html FIA Rally: Delecour inachukua pointi kumaliza tarehe Safari Rally kwanza]</ref> na ambazo ni sehemu ya Bingwa wa Mbio za Magari kwa miaka mingi hadi kuondolewa kwake baada ya mbio za 2002 kwa sababu ya matatizo ya kifedha. Baadhi ya [[dereva|madereva]] maarufu wa mbio za magari ulimwenguni walioshiriki na kushinda mbio hizi ni [[Bjorn Waldegard]], [[Hannu Mokkola]], [[Tommi Makinen]], [[Shekhar Mehta]], [[Carlos Sainz]] na [[Colin McRae]]. Ingawa mbio hizi bado huendelea kila mwaka kama sehemu ya kutafuta Bingwa wa Mbio za Magari Afrika, waandalizi wanatarajia kuruhusiwa kujiunga tena na Ubingwa wa Magari Ulimwenguni katika miaka michache ijayo. ==Uchumi== {{Main|Uchumi wa Kenya}} [[Picha:Kenyan 20 Shilling Note.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Noti ya shilingi 20 ya mwaka 1994, ikimuonyesha Rais Daniel Arap Moi.]] Baada ya uhuru, Kenya iliendeleza ukuaji wa kiuchumi haraka kupitia kwa uwekezaji wa umma, kuhimiza uzalishaji wa kilimo, na kushawishi uwekezaji wa watu binafsi na wageni katika viwanda. Pato la taifa lilikua kwa asilimia 6.6 kuanzia 1963 hadi 1973. Uzalishaji wa kilimo ulikua kwa asilimia 4.7 kila mwaka kwa kipindi hicho ukiwa umechochewa na ugawaji upya wa mashamba, kuanzishwa kwa kilimo cha mimea iliyoimarishwa, na kuanzisha mashamba mapya. Hata hivyo, kati ya 1974 na 1993 ukuaji wa uchumi wa Kenya ulipungua. Kupungua kwa kilimo kulisababishwa na sera za kilimo zisizofaa, mikopo isiyotosha na vikwazo visiyofaa vya biashara ya kimataifa. Mnamo mwaka wa 1993, Serikali ya Kenya ilianzisha mpango mkuu wa kuimarisha uchumi na kuufanya huru. Waziri mpya wa fedha na gavana mpya wa Benki Kuu ya Kenya walianza mikakati iliyofuatana kuimarisha uchumi kwa usaidizi wa [[Benki ya Dunia]] na [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]]). Kama sehemu ya mpango huu, serikali iliondoa usimamizi wa bei za bidhaa, leseni za uagizaji na uthibiti wa ubadilishaji fedha, kubinafsisha kampuni nyingi zilizomilikiwa na umma, kupunguza idadi ya wafanyi kazi wa serikali na kuanzisha sera madhubuti za kulinda fedha. Kuanzia mwaka wa 1994 hadi 1996 ukuaji halisi wa uchumi wa Kenya ulikadiriwa juu kidogo ya asilimia 4 kwa mwaka. Hata hivyo, kati ya 1997 na 2000, uchumi uliingia kipindi cha kupungua au kutoimarika, kwa sababu ya hali mbaya ya anga na kupungua kwa shughuli za kiuchumi. Mwaka wa 2001 pato la taifa liliimarika kiasi kwani mvua ilirejea kunyesha karibu na viwango vya awali. Ukuaji wa kiuchumi uliendelea kuimarika kiasi mwaka wa 2002 na kufikia asilimia 1.4 mwaka wa 2003, asilimia 4.3 mwaka wa 2004, kisha asilimia 5.8 mwaka wa 2005. [[Picha:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.jpg|thumb|300px|left|[[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]], ambao ndio mkubwa zaidi na wenye shughuli nyingi zaidi katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki.]] Mnamo Julai 1997, Serikali ya Kenya ilikataa kutimiza makubaliano ya awali na IMF kuhusu mabadiliko ya utawala wake. Jambo hili lilisababisha kukatizwa kwa misaada kwa miaka 3, nayo Benki ya Dunia ikaubana mkopo wa dola milioni 90 za mpango wa kuufufua uchumi. Ingawa mabadiliko mengi ya kiuchumi yaliyofanywa kati ya 1993-94 yalibakia, wataalamu wa maswala ya kiuchumi wasiopendelea mabadiliko waliamini kuwa Kenya iliitaji mabadiliko zaidi, hasa ya kiutawala ili kuongeza ukuaji wa pato la taifa (GDP). Serikali ya Kenya ilichukua hatua yakini za mabadiliko, pamoja na kuunda Tume ya Kupambana na Ufisadi (KACA), kuanzisha hatua za kuimarisha uwazi wa katika mikakati ya serikali kupata bidhaa na kupunguza fedha inayotumiwa na serikali kulipia mishahara. Mnamo Julai 2000, shirika la IMF lilitia saini dola milioni 150 za Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), nayo Benki ya Dunia ilifuatia na mkopo wa dola milioni 157 kuimarisha uchumi na kuibadilisha sekta ya umma. Mwezi wa Desemba 2000, iliamuliwa kuwa tume ya kupambana na ufisadi haikuwa ya kikatiba na sehemu za juhudi za mabadiliko kukatizwa mwaka 2001. Shirika la IMF na Benki ya Dunia zilikatiza mipango yao. Juhudi zilizofanywa kuanzisha upya mipango hii katikati ya mwaka wa 2002 hazikufaulu. Chini ya uongozi wa Rais Kibaki, aliyechukua hatamu za uongozi tarehe 30 mwezi wa Desemba 2002, serikali ya Kenya ilianzisha mipango mipya na kabambe ya uimarishaji uchumi na imerejelea ushirikiano wake na Benki ya Dunia na IMF. Serikali mpya ya National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) iliidhinisha Sheria dhidi ya Ufisadi na Uhalifu wa Kiuchumi pamoja na Sheria ya Maadili ya Watumishi wa Umma mnamo Mei 2003 iliyolenga kupiga vita ufisadi katika ofisi za umma. Mabadiliko mengine, hasa katika idara ya sheria, kuagiza bidhaa za umma na kadhalika yamepelekea kurejelewa kwa misaada na matumaini ya kuimarisha uchumi. Kufuatia kupitishwa kwa sheria muhimu za kupambana na ufisadi na serikali mpya, wafadhili walirejelea ufadhili mwezi wa Novemba 2003 na IMF ikaidhinisha msaada wa miaka mitatu wa dola milion 250 ili kupunguza umaskini na kuimarisha uchumi. Wafadhili wakatoa dola bilioni 4.2 kama msaada wa miaka minnne. Kurejelewa kwa ufadhili na kujihusizisha upya kwao kumevutia imani ya wawekezaji. Mswada wa [[ubinafsishaji]] umeidhinishwa ingawa kuanzishwa kwa tume ya ubinafsishaji hakujakamilika, mabadiliko katika utendakazi wa umma yametekelezwa na mwaka wa 2007 Kenya ilishinda tuzo la Umoja wa Kimataifa la Utendakazi wa Umma.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.7thglobalforum.org/Forum_Information/unpsa.htm |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215083024/http://www.7thglobalforum.org/Forum_Information/unpsa.htm |archivedate=2008-02-15 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan026198.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archivedate=2009-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324235927/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan026198.pdf }}</ref> Hata hivyo, kazi nyingi zinahitajika kufanywa ili kuiwezesha nchi hii kuyafikia mataifa yaliyoendelea sana kiuchumi, hasa yale ya Mashariki ya Mbali. Changamoto kuu ni pamoja na kuchukua hatua thabiti dhidi ya ufisadi, kupitisha sheria zinazoshughulikia ugaidi na biashara haramu, kutatua upungufu wa ufadhili wa bajeti kisha kurekebisha na kuunda miundo msingi. Inaaminika haya yatasaidia kudumisha sera za kimsingi za kiuchumi, na kuhakikisha ukuaji wa kasi wa kiuchumi uliofikia asilimia 7.2 mwaka wa 2007. Mwaka wa 2007, serikali ya Kenya ilizindua [[Ruwaza ya Kenya 2030|Ruwaza 2030]], ambao ni mpango wa kiuchumi wenye matumaini makuu na ambao ikiwa utatekelezwa kikamilifu, una uwezo wa kuifanya nchi hii kuwa katika kiwango sawa na mataifa yaliyoendelea kiuchumi ya Asia. Nairobi inaendelea kuwa kituo muhimu na cha kimsingi kwa mawasiliano na biashara cha Afrika Mashariki. Kinajivuna kuwa na miundo msingi ya uchukuzi na mawasiliano bora zaidi katika eneo hili, na wafanyi kazi wenye ujuzi. Makampuni mengi ya kigeni hudumisha matawi yao katika eneo hili ama ofisi za kuyawakilisha mjini Nairobi. Mnamo Machi 1996, Marais wa Kenya, Tanzania na Uganda waliifufua Jumuia ya Afrika Mashariki (EAC). Shabaha za EAC ni pamoja na kusawazisha kodi na ada zinazotozwa bidhaa, utembeaji huru wa watu na kuimarisha miundo msingi katika eneo hili. Nchi hizi tatu za Afrika Mashariki zilitia saini mkataba wa Customs Union Agreement mwezi wa Machi 2004. {{wide image|Nairobi panorama from westlands.jpg|1400px|<center>Mji wa Nairobi</center>}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" |+ style="line-height:0.8em"| <td>{{Resize|120%|Muhtasari wa uchumi wa nchi}}</td> |- ! style="text-align:left"| Pato la taifa | Dola bilioni 41.84 (2012) kwa bei ya sasa. Dola bilioni 76.07 (Uwezo wa kununua bidhaa usio sawa, 2012) Kuna pia uchumi mkubwa usio rasmi ambao haujawahi kujumuishwa kama sehemu ya pato la taifa. |- ! style="text-align:left"| Ukuaji wa kiuchumi kwa mwaka | 5.1% (2012) |- ! style="text-align:left"| Pato la kila mtu kwa mwaka | Pato la kila mtu kwa mwaka (PPP)= $1,800 |- ! style="text-align:left"| Malighafi ya kiasili | Wanyama wa pori, Ardhi (5% inayolimika) |- ! style="text-align:left"| Bidhaa za kilimo | Chai, kahawa, mahindi, ngano, miwa, mboga na matunda, pareto, bidhaa za maziwa, nyama na bidhaa za wanyama |- ! style="text-align:left"| Viwanda | Bidhaa za petroli, usagaji wa nafaka na miwa, saruji, pombe, vinywaji, nguo, uunganishaji magari, makaratasi, utengenezaji wa bidhaa za kimsingi, utalii |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" |+ style="line-height:0.8em"| Biashara ya mwaka 2012 |- ! style="text-align:left"| Biasharanje | Dola bilioni 5.942 | chai, kahawa, bidhaa za mboga na matunda, bidhaa za petroli, saruji, samaki |- ! style="text-align:left"| Masoko muhimu (2012) <ref name="worldfactbook"/> | colspan="2"| Uganda, Tanzania, Uholanzi, Uingereza, Marekani, Misri, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |- ! style="text-align:left"| Maduhuli | Dola bilioni 14.39 | mashine, magari, bidhaa za petroli, vyuma, resini na bidhaa za plastiki |- ! style="text-align:left"| Mataifa muhimu yaletayo bidhaa Kenya {{nbsp|2}} | colspan="2"| China, Uhindi, Muungano wa Falme za Kiarabu, Saudi Arabia, Afrika Kusini, Ujapani |} === Utafutaji wa mafuta === Mwanzoni mwa mwaka wa [[2006]] Rais wa [[Uchina]], [[Hu Jintao]], alitia saini kandarasi ya utafutaji wa mafuta na Kenya. Haya ndiyo makubaliano ya hivi punde kati ya mfululizo wa mapatano yaliyopagwa kuelekeza maliasili ya Afrika huko Uchina ambako uchumi wake waendelea kukua kwa haraka. Kandarasi hii iliwezesha kampuni inayoongozwa na taifa la Uchina “offshore oil and gas company” CNOOC Ltd kutafuta mafuta Kenya, ambayo ilianza kuchimba visima vya kwanza mpakani mwa Sudan na Somalia na katika maji ya upwa wake.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya |last=Barber |first=Lionel|date=10 Agosti 2006|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=2008-06-27}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Athari za Ukoloni nchini Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya Marais wa Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Kenya]] * [[Mito ya Kenya|Orodha ya mito ya Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya maziwa ya Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya Makabila nchini Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya Hifadhi za Taifa nchini Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya benki nchini Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|2}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Lango|Kenya}} ; Serikali * [http://www.communication.go.ke/ Spokeperson serikali] {{Wayback|url=http://www.communication.go.ke/ |date=20081022110047 }} Ofisi Mnenaji wa Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Kenya. * [http://www.kenya.go.ke/ Serikali ya Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kenya.go.ke/ |date=20081113033437 }} Official site. * [http://www.kenyalaw.org/ Kenya Law Reports] Legislation Kenya, Uchunguzi Sheria, Official Gazette Notices na kisheria Info. * [http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/ State House Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/ |date=20081105143157 }} Official site State House, Kenya. * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-k/kenya.html Mkuu wa Nchi na Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-k/kenya.html |date=20091026201734 }} ; Jumla * Maelezo ya nchi (Country Profile) kutoka BBC News * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Kenya Kenya] kutoka [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kenya.htm |date=20091024050050 }} kutoka ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{Dmoz|Regional/Africa/Kenya}} ; Vyombo vya habari * [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/kenya/kenyanews.html Vyombo vya habari Kenya] orodha kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]] ; Utalii * [http://www.magicalkenya.com/ Kenya Tourist Board (Magical Kenya)] * {{wikivoyage|Kenya}} ; Historia * [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Kenya_Colony 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica juu ya Kenya Colony] * [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Abyssinia#Army 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica juu wa 1908 Dermacation wa Ethiopia-Kenya Border] ; Nyingine * [http://www.ascleiden.nl/Publications/Bibliographies/KenyaCoast/ Kenya Coast bibliography.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ascleiden.nl/Publications/Bibliographies/KenyaCoast/ |date=20091108081958 }} ''Academic bibliography, hasa kwa Kiingereza, compiled by Jan Hoorweg, Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden.'' * {{Rejea kitabu | last = Kimaiyo | first = Towett J. | title = Ogiek Land Cases and Historical Injustices&nbsp;— 1902–2004 | publisher = Ogiek Welfare Council | year = 2004 | location = Nakuru, Kenya | pages = 127 pages + appendices | url = http://www.geocities.com/OgiekLand/ | access-date = 2009-12-07 | archive-date = 2007-10-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029164155/http://www.geocities.com/OgiekLand/ }} * {{Rejea tovuti | title = Who Owns Kenya?&nbsp;— What is the Queen Doing in Parliament? | date = 31 Machi 2007 | url = http://www.geocities.com/WhoOwnsKenya/ | accessdate = 2009-12-07 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080318221033/http://www.geocities.com/WhoOwnsKenya/ | archivedate = 2008-03-18 }} * [http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/english/regions/africa/ken/index.htm Vijijini umaskini katika Kenya] (IFAD) * [http://www.kenyanview.com/scenaries.html Kenya View] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kenyanview.com/scenaries.html |date=20070726094957 }} Mandhari na uzuri wa Kenya katika pica *[https://www.georgenjogu.com/ Kenyan Money News] {{Wayback|url=https://www.georgenjogu.com/ |date=20190806051930 }} Mkusanyiko wa Kazi kutoka kenya. * [http://www.education.nairobi-unesco.org/ UNESCO Nairobi Office - Sekta ya Elimu Clearinghouse] {{Wayback|url=http://www.education.nairobi-unesco.org/ |date=20100331001952 }} * [[Wikia:Solarcooking:Kenya|Maendeleo ya hivi karibuni ya kupikia nishati ya jua nchini Kenya]] * [https://www.plussizeexpert.com/ Plus Size Expert] {{Wayback|url=https://www.plussizeexpert.com/ |date=20180226115134 }} Mkusanyo wa habari kutoka Kenya. {{Hoja Kuhusu Kenya}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Kenya|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Afrika ya Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:nchi]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] oofunx0n67lau538b3ht6h7ued8wqxz 0 2066 1548976 1510573 2026-05-23T10:24:12Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ Updated lead paragraph [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1548976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_asili = {{lang|en|Republic of Zambia}} | jina_refu_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Zambia | common_name = Zambia | bendera = Flag of Zambia.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Zambia.svg | ramani = Zambia on the globe (Africa centered).svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la Zambia | kaulimbiu = "One Zambia, One Nation" | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free" | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]] | lugha_ya_kitaifa = [[Bemba]], [[Nyanja]], [[Tonga]], [[Lozi]], na nyinginezo | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Lusaka]] | serikali = Jamhuri ya rais wa umoja | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais | kiongozi1 = [[Hakainde Hichilema]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mutale Nalumango]] | bunge = Bunge la Zambia | tukio1 = Uhuru kutoka Uingereza | tukio1_tarehe = 24 Oktoba 1964 | kabila = 99.2% [[Waafrika]] </br> 0.8% Wengine | mwaka_kabila = 2024 | eneo_jumla = 752,612 km² | cheo_eneo = 39 | maji = 1.55% | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka Uingereza''' | watu_kadirio = 20,569,737 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_watu = 63 | watu_sensa = 19,610,769 | mwaka_sensa = 2022 | msongamano = 27 | cheo_msongamano = 182 | mwaka_pato = 2024 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $84.93 bilioni | cheo_plt_ppp = 108 | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $4,131 | cheo_plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = 152 | plt = {{increase}} $32.85 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,597 | cheo_plt_kwa_mtu = 164 | maendeleo = {{decrease}} 0.565 {{kati}} | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | cheo_maendeleo = 150 | gini = {{PungukoChanya}} 51.5 | mwaka_gini = 2021 | fedha = Kwacha ya Zambia (ZMW) | majira_saa = +2 [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | mfumo_tarehe = dd-mm-yyyy (AD) | upande_gari = Kushoto | tld = .zm | msimbo_simu = 260 }} '''Zambia''', rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Zambia''', ni nchi isiyo na pwani iliyoko [[Afrika ya Kusini|Kusini mwa Afrika]], ikipakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na [[Tanzania]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Malawi]] upande wa mashariki, [[Msumbiji]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Botswana]], na [[Namibia]] upande wa kusini, na [[Angola]] upande wa magharibi. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia|title=Zambia: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=May 22, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2023, Zambia ina makadirio ya watu wapatao milioni 20.2, jambo linaloifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ya wastani ya watu barani Afrika. <ref name="UN_Zambia_Pop">{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/profile/population-demography/zambia |title=Zambia: Population and Demography Country Profile |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=Our World in Data |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Mji mkuu]] wake pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Lusaka]], ambalo hutumika kama kitovu cha kisiasa na kiuchumi cha taifa hilo. <ref name="GovUK_Zambia">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/geographical-names-and-information |title=Zambia Toponymic Factfile |website=gov.uk |publisher=Permanent Committee on Geographical Names |date=January 2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo imegawanywa kiutawala katika majimbo 10, na [[lugha rasmi]] inayotumika katika serikali na elimu ni [[Kiingereza]]. <ref name="GovUK_Zambia"/> Zambia ina [[uchumi]] unaoendelea unaotegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa uchimbaji [[madini]], hasa [[shaba]], ambayo ndiyo bidhaa kuu ya [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo kikubwa cha mapato ya serikali. Sekta ya [[madini]] ina nafasi ya msingi katika shughuli za kiuchumi, ikiungwa mkono na sekta kama ujenzi, [[viwanda]], na [[nishati]]. [[Kilimo]] pia ni muhimu, kikiajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi na kuzalisha mazao kama [[mahindi]], [[tumbaku]], na [[miwa]]. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[serikali]] imekuwa ikijaribu kuleta mseto wa [[uchumi]] kwa kukuza sekta kama [[utalii]], [[kilimo]], na [[viwanda]] ili kupunguza utegemezi wa shaba. Nchi inaendeshwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya rais yenye [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] vya kisiasa. Zambia ilipata uhuru kutoka [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] mwaka 1964 na awali ilikuwa chini ya mfumo wa chama kimoja kabla ya kuhamia katika [[demokrasia]] ya vyama vingi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Rais ni mkuu wa nchi na wa serikali, huku [[Bunge la taifa]] likiwa na jukumu la kutunga sheria. Zambia pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa kama [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC) na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], na hushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na maendeleo. ==Jina== [[Jina]] limetokana na [[mto]] [[Zambezi]]. Jina la zamani za [[ukoloni]] (hadi [[1964]]) lilikuwa "[[Northern Rhodesia]]". ==Jiografia== Nchi kwa sehemu kubwa ni [[nyanda za juu]] kuanzia [[mita]] 1.000 hadi 1.400 juu ya [[UB]]. [[Milima]] ya Muchinga imepanda hadi mita 2.164, [[kilele]] cha juu kabisa kiko kwenye mita 2.301 huko milima ya [[Mafinga Hills]]. ==Historia== Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na [[Watwa]]. Katika [[karne]] za kwanza za [[milenia ya 1]] [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Baada ya [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] kufika katika [[karne ya 18]], Zambia ikawa [[nchi lindwa]] ya [[Uingereza]] kwa jina la [[Northern Rhodesia]] mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]]. Tarehe [[24 Oktoba]] [[1964]], Zambia ikawa huru na [[waziri mkuu]] [[Kenneth Kaunda]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza. [[Chama]] chake cha [[Ujamaa|kijamaa]] United National Independence Party (UNIP) kilitawala kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi [[1991]], kikiwa chama pekee halali kuanzia mwaka 1972. Baada ya Kaunda kuanguka, [[Frederick Chiluba]] wa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy alitawala tangu mwaka 1991, akafuatwa na [[Levy Mwanawasa]] ([[2002]]-[[2008]]). Aliyefuata tena ni rais [[Rupiah Banda]] (2008-2011), halafu [[Michael Sata]] wa Patriotic Front party (2008-2014). Baada ya [[kifo]] chake, [[Guy Scott]] alikaimu hadi [[uchaguzi]] wa tarehe [[20 Januari]] [[2015]], ambapo [[Edgar Lungu]] alipata kuwa rais wa sita. ==Demografia== ===Kabila=== Wakazi wa Zambia ni wasemaji wa [[lugha]] za [[Kibantu]] katika [[Kabila|makabila]] 73. Makubwa ndio [[Wabemba]] (19%), [[Watonga]] (13.6%), [[Watumbuka]], [[Wachewa]], [[Walozi]], [[Walunda]], [[Waluvale]], [[Wakaonde]], [[Wankoya]] na [[Wanyanja]]-. Hata hivyo [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiingereza]]. === Dini === Upande wa [[dini]], karibu wote ni wafuasi wa [[Ukristo]] ambao ndio [[dini rasmi]] kwa mujibu wa [[katiba]] ya nchi. 75.3% ni [[Waprotestanti]], 22% ni [[Wakatoliki]] na wengine wana dini ya aina nyingine au ni [[wakanamungu]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Miji ya Zambia]] * [[Mikoa ya Zambia]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Zambia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.zambia.co.zm/ Serikali ya Zambia] *[http://www.statehouse.gov.zm Tovuti ya Ikulu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.statehouse.gov.zm/ |date=20050619081520 }} *{{CIA World Factbook link|za|Zambia}} *[http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx Zambia Corruption Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |date=20140420184253 }} from the [[Business-Anti-Corruption Portal|Business Anti-Corruption Portal]] *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Zambia}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14112449 Zambia profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Zambia}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=ZM Key Development Forecasts for Zambia] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/ZMB/Year/2011/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Zambia] {{Commons}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Zambia| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] ds6bx3zaxkdp0b93l0azzjko6g4dg5l 0 2173 1548978 1515127 2026-05-23T10:33:00Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Utangulizi]] 1548978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|JKK|nchi jirani|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | jina_asili = République démocratique du Congo (Kifaransa) | bendera = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Justice – Paix – Travail" (Haki – Amani – Kazi) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Debout Congolais" (Simameni Wakongo) </br>[[File:Debout Congolais.ogg]] | ramani = COD orthographic.svg | ramani2 =Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la JKK katika dunia | maelezo_ramani2 = JKK katika [[Afrika]] | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Kinshasa]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] <ref>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | lugha2 = [[Kiswahili]], [[Lingala]], [[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] <ref name="UNDRC">{{cite web |title=Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CD/languages |website=Ethnologue |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_dini = 2024 <ref name="United States Department of State 2022"/> | dini = {{Plainlist| *95.4% [[Ukristo]] *2.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.5% [[Uislamu]] *0.5% others / none }} | uraia = ''Mkongo'' </br> ''Wakongo'' | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Félix Tshisekedi]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = [[Judith Suminwa]] | bunge = Bunge la Kitaifa (Seneti na Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]''' | tukio1 = [[Dola Huru la Kongo]] | tukio1_tarehe = 1895 - 1908 | tukio2 = Uhuru | tukio2_tarehe = 30 Juni 1960 <ref name="cia.gov"/> | eneo_jumla = 2,345,409 | maji = 3.32% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 124,388,160 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population (2025)|website=Worldometer|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175204/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-congo-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 48 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $200.76 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,881 <ref name="auto"/> | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = {{increase}} $79.120 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $742 <ref name="auto"/> | hdi = {{Ongezeko}} 0.522 <ref name="UNHDR"/> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 171 | gini = 42.1 <ref name=gini/> | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) | majira_saa = +1 hadi UTC+2 (WAT na CAT) | tld = .cd | msimbo_simu = 243 }} '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' ([[kifupi]]: JKK; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République démocratique du Congo''; pia '''Kongo-Kinshasa''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], inayopakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kaskazini, [[Sudan Kusini]] kaskazini-mashariki, [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] mashariki, [[Tanzania]] kusini-mashariki, [[Zambia]] kusini, na [[Angola]] kusini-magharibi. Mnamo 2024, Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 110, na kuwa nchi ya 15 kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idadi ya Watu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Benki Kuu ya Dunia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD |website=www.data.worldbank.org|accessdate=2025-08-28|lang=en}}</ref> [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi ni [[Kinshasa]], ambalo pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. JKK imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] 26 na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] kwa eneo na ina [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[rasilmali]] za [[asili]], hasa [[madini]] kama vile [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. Licha ya utajiri huo, IKK kwa muda mrefu imekumbwa na hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] isiyo thabiti, migogoro, na maendeleo duni. Sehemu kubwa ya matatizo hayO yanatokana na [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ubelgiji]], uliomalizika [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na kufuatiwa na [[Mwongo|miongo]] kadhaa ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], hasa chini ya [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Tangu mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]], nchi imepitia mfululizo wa migogoro, ikiwemo [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo|Vita vya Kwanza]] (1996-1997) na [[vita vya Pili vya Kongo|vya Pili vya Kongo]] (1998-2003), ambavyo vilihusisha nchi jirani kadhaa na kusababisha janga lililoathiri mamilioni ya watu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.warchild.org.uk/history-democratic-republic-congo-drc|publisher=Warchild|website=6 www.warchild.org.uk|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo: Colonialism , Civil War and Conflict|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/History|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> [[Mto Kongo]], ambao ni [[mto]] wa pili kwa [[urefu]] barani [[Afrika]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo River|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-River|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-06}}</ref>, unapita katikati ya nchi na ni njia muhimu ya usafirishaji, inayosaidia [[biashara]] na jamii za wenyeji. JKK ina [[Msitu|misitu]] mikubwa ya [[mvua]], ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Bonde]] la Kongo, ambalo ni msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa wa mvua wa [[Tropiki|kitropiki]] duniani baada ya [[msitu wa Amazon]]. Mifumo hiyo ya [[ekolojia]] ni muhimu sana duniani kwa utofauti wa viumbe na udhibiti wa [[hali ya hewa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Introduction to the General Geography of the DRC|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-41065-9_1|website=www.springer.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> Aina mbalimbali za [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nchini zinaonekana kupitia zaidi ya [[Kabila|makabila]] 200 na [[lugha]] nyingi, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Licha ya changamoto hizo, JKK inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na uhifadhi wa mazingira. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inaendeshwa kama [[Serikali ya Kirais|jamhuri ya nusu-urais]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaotegemea Katiba iliyopitishwa mwaka 2006 baada ya kipindi cha mpito kilichofuata [[Vita vya Pili vya Kongo]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-congo/Government-and-society |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Government and Society |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na kamanda mkuu wa majeshi ya ulinzi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yapo chini ya Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), na [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS). <ref name="AU_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/democratic_republic_congo |title=Member State Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kiuchumi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inategemea sana uchimbaji [[madini]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa na baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya kobalti pamoja na hifadhi kubwa za [[shaba]], [[almasi]], lithiamu, na madini mengine ya kimkakati muhimu kwa sekta za teknolojia na nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview |title=The World Bank in DRC: Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] pia kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mazao kama muhogo, mahindi, ndizi za kupika, kahawa, na mafuta ya mawese yakizalishwa katika maeneo mbalimbali. Changamoto za [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa usalama katika majimbo ya mashariki, na maendeleo madogo ya viwanda zinaendelea kuathiri ukuaji wa uchumi, ingawa nchi hiyo bado ina umuhimu mkubwa wa kimkakati kutokana na maliasili zake, uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji, na nafasi yake ya kati ndani ya Afrika. <ref name="WFB_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#economy |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> == Jiografia == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa eneo barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na takribani kilomita za mraba 2,345,409. Iko katika [[Afrika ya Kati]] na inapakana na nchi tisa: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na [[Angola]]. Pia ina ukanda mwembamba wa pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], unaotoa njia ndogo ya kuingia baharini. ===Topografia na mandhari=== [[File:Congo Kinshasa Topography.png|thumb|200px|Topografia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]] JKK ina mandhari mbalimbali na tata ikijumuisha: * '''Bonde la Mto Kongo''': Katikati ya nchi kuna Bonde la Kongo, eneo kubwa la chini lililofunikwa na msitu mnene wa mvua wa kitropiki na linalopitiwa na **Mto Kongo**, mto wa pili kwa urefu Afrika. Bonde hili lina msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa duniani baada ya Amazon. * '''Uwanda wa Kati''': Unaouzunguka bonde kuna uwanda wa juu wenye urefu wa kati ya mita 500 hadi 1,000. Eneo hili hubadilika kutoka msitu hadi savana. * '''Milima''': Mashariki, ardhi inapanda kwa kasi na kutengeneza [[Milima ya Bonde la Ufa la Albertine]], sehemu ya tawi la magharibi la Mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Sehemu hii ina [[Mlima Stanley]], mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ukiwa na urefu wa mita 5,109 (futi 16,763), ulioko kwenye [[Milima ya Rwenzori]] mpakani na Uganda. * '''Eneo la Maziwa Makuu''': Mashariki mwa DRC inapakana na baadhi ya maziwa makuu ya Afrika kama vile [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], [[Ziwa Kivu]], [[Ziwa Edward]], na [[Ziwa Albert]]. Maziwa haya yako katika bonde la ufa na huchangia katika shughuli za volkeno na mitetemeko ya ardhi. ===Maji na Mifumo ya Mito=== [[File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg|thumb|200px|Mito nchini JKK]] Mto Kongo ndiyo njia kuu ya maji nchini. Unapita katikati ya JKK kwa mduara mkubwa na unavukika katika baadhi ya sehemu, hivyo kuwa njia muhimu ya usafiri. Mito mikuu inayotoa maji katika Mto Kongo ni pamoja na [[Mto Ubangi]], [[Mto Kasai]], na [[Mto Lualaba]]. Mfumo huu wa mito una viumbe wengi wa majini na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji. Nchi pia ina maeneo mengi ya mabwawa, vinamasi, na njia za ndani za maji, na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye maji mengi zaidi Afrika. ===Hali ya Hewa=== JKK ina hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini hali hubadilika kulingana na maeneo: * ''Hali ya hewa ya Ikweta'': Eneo la kati lina joto na unyevunyevu mwingi na mvua nyingi mwaka mzima. * ''Hali ya hewa ya mvua na kiangazi'': Kaskazini na kusini kuna misimu ya mvua na kiangazi. * ''Hali ya hewa ya milimani'': Nyanda za juu mashariki zina joto la chini na hali tofauti kutokana na mwinuko mkubwa. Mvua ya kila mwaka inaweza kuzidi milimita 2,000 katika maeneo ya misitu, huku savana ikiwa na mvua chache zaidi. ===Rasilimali asilia na bioanuwai === JKK ina utajiri mkubwa wa [[rasilimali]] [[uasilia|asilia]] kama vile [[shaba]], [[kobalti]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. [[Msitu|Misitu]] ya nchi hii ni makazi ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] mbalimbali kama [[bonobo]], [[okapi]], [[sokwe]], na [[tembo]]. Maeneo kadhaa yamelindwa kama mbuga za [[mnyama|wanyama]], zikiwemo za [[hifadhi ya Virunga|Virunga]] na [[Salonga]], ambazo ni maeneo ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]]. ===Changamoto za mazingira=== Licha ya utajiri wa kiekolojia, JKK inakumbwa na changamoto nyingi za mazingira: * Ukataji miti ovyo * Uchimbaji haramu wa madini * Uwindaji haramu na uharibifu wa makazi ya viumbe * Uchafuzi wa mazingira kutokana na uchimbaji * Madhara ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} ===Historia ya kale=== [[Picha:KingdomKongo1711.png|thumb|Ufalme wa Kongo mnamo mwaka 1700]] Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na ya [[Wabilikimo]]. Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Jina la Kongo lahusiana na [[mto Kongo]] unaopitia nchi yote. Mnamo [[karne ya 15]], wakati [[wapelelezi]] wa kwanza [[Wareno]] walipofika kwenye pwani za Afrika, [[milki]] kubwa katika nchi ya Kongo ya magharibi pamoja na [[Angola]] ya kaskazini ilikuwa [[Ufalme wa Kongo]]. Wakati wa uenezaji mkuu ufalme huu ulianza kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Atlantiki na kuendelea hadi [[mto Kwango]] kwenye mashariki, halafu maeneo kutoka [[Pointe-Noire]] (leo: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], upande wa kaskazini ya [[Cabinda]]) upande wa kaskazini hadi [[mto Loje]] (leo: mji wa [[Ambriz]]) katika kusini. Mtawala alikuwa na [[cheo]] cha [[Manikongo]] na ufalme uligawiwa kwa majimbo sita. Baada ya kufika kwa Wareno wafalme na matabaka ya juu walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Ufalme uliporomoka kutokana na vita vilivyosababishwa na [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kuingilia kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] ya [[watumwa]] katika [[siasa]] ya ndani. Hata hivyo, [[nasaba]] za watawala waliotumia cheo cha "Awenekongo" waliendelea kukaa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa kale M'banza-Kongo (iliyobadilishwa jina kuitwa San Salvador) hadi mwaka [[1914]] ambako Wareno walifuta mabaki ya [[uhuru]] na kufanya eneo lililobaki sehemu kamili ya koloni lao la Angola. Upande wa Mashariki, [[Washi]] walikuwa na ufalme wenye nguvu katika [[karne ya 17]] hadi [[karne ya 19]], chini ya Mwami Kabare. Baadaye, ufalme huo uligawanyika katika madola madogo kama: Kabare, Walungu, Mwenga na Kalehe. Upande wa [[kusini]], kuanzia karne ya 17, kulikuwa na [[ufalme]] ulioitwa [[Dola la Kazembe]]. === Koloni binafsi la mfalme kuwa koloni la Ubelgiji === [[Picha:MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Picha za watoto waliokatwa mikono kama [[adhabu]] chini ya Leopold II zilienea na kusababisha madai ya kumwondolea utawala wa Kongo.]] Nchi jinsi ilivyo ilianzishwa kama [[Dola huru la Kongo]] likiwa [[mali]] binafsi ya [[mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]]. [[Historia]] yake ni ya [[aibu]] na ya [[ukatili]] kupindukia. Utawala wa mfalme ulionekana kuwa wa kinyama na upinzani dhidi yake ulikua katika nchi nyingi za dunia. Hatimaye alipaswa kukabidhi koloni lake binafsi mikononi mwa serikali ya Ubelgiji iliyomlipa [[fidia]] kwa mali aliyoacha. Kati ya mwaka [[1908]] hadi [[1960]] ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ubelgiji]] kwa jina la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] baada ya kuhamishiwa mikononi mwa [[serikali]] ya Ubelgiji. Katika miaka [[1925]] hadi [[1946]] maeneo ya [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] yalitawaliwa kama sehemu za Kongo ya Kibelgiji. === Siasa ya wakoloni === Wabelgiji walijitahidi kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wenyeji baada ya miaka mibaya ya Leopold II. Nia ilichelewa kuonekana hali halisi kwa sababu utaratibu wa kulazimisha Waafrika kufanyia kazi kampuni na shirika kubwa iliendelea hata bila [[idhini]] ya serikali mpya ukadai vifo vingi. Kwenye uwanja wa [[elimu]], [[matibabu]] na [[mawasiliano]] [[jitihada]] za siasa mpya zilionekana zaidi. Kongo ilikuwa kati ya nchi chache ambako lugha za kienyeji zilifundishwa [[Shule|shuleni]] kwa sababu shule nyingi ziliendshwa na [[wamisionari]]. Kwa upande mwingine [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliwaruhusu Waafrika wachache sana kufikia ngazi za juu za elimu. Makampuni makubwa ya [[mgodi|migodi]] kama vile "Société Générale" na "Union Minière du Haut Katanga" yalichimba [[madini]] hasa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]]. Makampuni hayo yalikuwa na athira kubwa. Katanga ilikuwa maarufu kwa [[shaba]] iliyochimbwa huko. halafu pia kwa [[uranium]] iliyotumiwa kwa [[bomu la kinyuklia|mabomu ya kwanza ya kinyuklia]] ya [[Marekani]] mwaka [[1945]]. === Upinzani === Baada ya [[unyama]] wa miaka ya Leopold II upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa hafifu. Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1920]] Wakongo wengi walionyesha upinzani huo katika mahudhurio katika madhehebu mapya ya wafuasi wa [[Simon Kimbangu]] yaliyopigwa marufuku na Wabelgiji kuanzia mwaka [[1926]]. Tangu mwaka [[1950]] upinzani uliongezeka na kuonyesha pia uso wa kisiasa. Wabelgiji ambao hawakujiandaa kwa madai hayo yalipaswa kukubali [[uchaguzi]] wa halmashauri za vijiji na miji mwaka [[1957]]. Mwaka [[1958]] vyama vya kisiasa vilikubaliwa. [[Harakati]] mbili muhimu kati ya hivi zilikuwa Abako (Alliance de Bakongo) chini ya [[Joseph Kasavubu]] na MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) chini ya [[Patrice Lumumba]]. Mwaka [[1959]] mkutano wa wanasiasa Wakongo ulidai [[uhuru]] wa nchi. === Mwisho wa koloni na uhuru === Wabelgiji walijaribu kuchelewesha harakati hizo lakini baada ya kutambua matatizo serikali ya Ubelgiji ilitangaza mnamo Januari [[1960]] kuwa uchaguzi utaendeshwa haraka na baada ya miezi sita Wabelgiji watakabidhi nchi kwa wenyeji. [[Chama]] cha Patrice Lumumba kilishinda kwa [[kura]] nyingi naye akawa kiongozi wa kwanza wa nchi huru kama [[waziri mkuu]]. Koloni la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] lilipata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[30 Juni]] [[1960]]. Kati ya [[27 Oktoba]] [[1971]] na [[17 Mei]] [[1997]], chini ya utawala wa [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu]], nchi ilijulikana kwa jina la "[[Zaire]]". Leo hii ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Mikoa == {{Main|Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Image:Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo - 2005.svg|thumb|left|350px|Mikoa 25 na [[mji mkuu]] [[Kinshasa]].]] <br clear="left"/> Nchi imegawiwa katika mikoa 26 kadiri ya [[Katiba]] mpya ([[2006]]) na utekelezaji wake wa mwaka [[2015]]. {| style="background:transparent;" | <!----First column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 1. || [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kinshasa]] |- | 2. || [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati|Kongo Kati]]{{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Matadi]] |- | 3. || [[Mkoa wa Kwango|Kwango]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kenge (Kwango)|Kenge]] |- | 4. || [[Mkoa wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kikwit]] |- | 5. || [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe|Mai-Ndombe]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Inongo]] |- | 6. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï|Kasaï]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Luebo]] |- | 7. || [[Mkoa wa Lulua|Lulua]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kananga]] |- | 8. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï Mashariki|Kasaï Mashariki]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | 9. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami|Lomami]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kabinda (Lomami)|Kabinda]] |- | 10. || [[Mkoa wa Sankuru|Sankuru]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lodja]] |- | 11. || [[Mkoa wa Maniema|Maniema]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kindu]] |- | 12. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bukavu]] |- | 13. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Goma]] |} | <!----Second column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 14. || [[Mkoa wa Ituri|Ituri]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bunia]] |- | 15. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu|Uele Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Isiro]] |- | 16. || [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kisangani]] |- | 17. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini|Uele Chini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Buta]] |- | 18. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini|Ubangi Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gbadolite]] |- | 19. || [[Mkoa wa Mongala|Mongala]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lisala]] |- | 20. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini|Ubangi Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gemena]] |- | 21. || [[Mkoa wa Équateur|Équateur]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbandaka]] |- | 22. || [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Boende]] |- | 23. || [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kalemie]] |- | 24. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu|Lomami Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kamina]] |- | 25. || [[Mkoa wa Lualaba|Lualaba]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kolwezi]] |- | 26. || [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Katanga Juu]] {{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lubumbashi]] |} |} ==Demografia== [[File:Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|thumb|Piramidi ya Idadi ya watu ya DRC (JKK)]] '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (DRC), ni taifa la nne kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu barani [[Afrika]], likikadiria kuwa na watu takriban milioni 109.3 mwaka 2023<ref name="demografia">{{Rejea habari|title=Demografia za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=en}}</ref>Ina muundo wa kundi la vijana, ambapo takriban 46% ya watu wake wako chini ya umri wa miaka 15 na umri wa wastani ni miaka 16.5. Nchi hii ina kiwango kikubwa cha uzazi, ambapo kila mwanamke anazaa watoto wastani 6.05, na kiwango cha kuzaliwa ni 40.08 kwa watu 1,000<ref name="demografia"/>. Miaka ya kuishi unakadiriwa kuwa miaka 61.83, ambapo wanawake wanaishi zaidi (miaka 63.69) kuliko wanaume (miaka 60.03). Idadi ya watu wa DRC ni mchanganyiko wa makabila, ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250, ikiwemo [[Waluba]], [[Wamongo]], na [[Wakongo]]. Mji mkubwa na mkuu ni [[Kinshasa]] ===Kabila=== Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni miongoni mwa nchi zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[kabila|makabila]] barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250 yaliyosambaa kote katika eneo lake kubwa. Makabila makuu ni pamoja na [[Waluba]], wanaoishi hasa katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]] na [[Mkoa wa Katanga|Katanga]]; [[Wakongo]], wanaopatikana kandokando ya mto Kongo wa chini; na [[Wamongo]], wanaoishi katika bonde la katikati. Kwa pamoja, makabila hayo matatu yanachangia takribani asilimia 45 ya idadi ya watu nchini. [[File:Danses et chants folkloriques des Peuples Autochtones Pygmées de la RDC.jpg|thumb|Ngoma za kiasili na nyimbo za Wabilikimo nchini.]] Makundi mengine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Mangbetu]] na [[Wazande]] kaskazini mashariki, pamoja na jamii za [[Watutsi]] na [[Wahutu]] mashariki mwa nchi, ambazo zina uhusiano wa mpakani na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Wakongo wengi ni sehemu ya familia pana ya lugha za Bantu, ingawa kuna pia wachache wanaozungumza lugha za Kiniloti, pamoja na vikundi vidogo vya Wabilikimo wanaoishi katika misitu. Mchanganyiko huo mkubwa wa kikabila umeunda utajiri wa maisha ya kitamaduni nchini, lakini pia umekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa, hususan katika mikoa ya [[mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]]. === Lugha === [[Picha:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|300px|Maeneo ya lugha za taifa za Kongo.]] [[Kifaransa]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Ilikuwa lugha ya utawala ya koloni ikaendelea kutumiwa kama lugha isiyoelekea upande wowote kati ya ma[[kabila]], [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za nchi hii.Lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]] iliyotumiwa na Wabelgiji pamoja na Kifaransa katika utawala haitumiki tena. Kwa jumla kuna takriban lugha 242, hasa [[lugha za Kibantu]], zinazozungumzwa nchini (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|orodha ya lugha]]). Kati yake, lugha 4 zinatambuliwa kama [[lugha za kitaifa]], nazo ni: [[Kikongo]] ([[Kituba]]), [[Kingala (Kongo)]], [[Kiluba]] (''Tshiluba'') na [[Kiswahili]]. Wakati wa ukoloni lugha hizo nne za kitaifa ziliwahi kutumiwa kieneo katika [[shule za msingi]].[[Kingala]] kilikuwa lugha rasmi ya [[jeshi]] la kikoloni lililoitwa "[[Force Publique]]" chini ya utawala wa Ubelgiji likaendelea kuwa lugha ya jeshi la jamhuri baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu [[mapinduzi]] ya [[1997]] sehemu za jeshi, hasa [[mashariki]], hutumia pia Kiswahili.Takriban 47% wanatumia Kifaransa kama [[lugha ya kwanza]] au [[lugha ya pili]]. === Dini === [[File:Kisantu kathedraal 2.JPG|thumb|Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Cathedral, Kisantu]] {{Chati ya duara | caption= | label1 = [[Ukristo]] | value1 = 95.4 | color1= green | label2 = [[Dini za jadi]] | value2 = 2.6 | color2= red | label3 = [[Uislamu]] | value3 = 1.5 | color3= pink | label4 = Dini nyingine | value4 = 0.5 | color4= yellow }} Asilimia 95 ya watu katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni [[Wakristo]], huku [[Kanisa Katoliki]] likiwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kihistoria na kijamii nchini. Asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni [[Wakatoliki]], na 48.1% ni [[Waprotestanti]], wakiwemo wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama vile [[Wapentekoste]], [[Baptisti|Wabaptisti]] na [[Waanglikana]]. [[Uislamu]] unafuata kwa karibu 2% ya watu, na wafuasi wake wengi wanapatikana katika [[mkoa wa Maniema]] na maeneo ya mijini. Aidha, kuna idadi ndogo ya watu wanaofuata [[dini za jadi]] [[dini asilia za Kiafrika|za Kiafrika]] pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] wachache na [[Uhindu|Wahindu]]<ref name="dini">{{Cite Web|title=Dini katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|website=www.state.gov|accessdate=2025-08-26|lang=sw|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref>. ===Miji Mikubwa=== {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | stat_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511000300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://populationstat.com/africa/ |title=Africa Population (2022) |website=populationstat.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032905/https://populationstat.com/africa/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | div_name = Mkoa | city_1 = Kinshasa | div_1 = Kinshasa | pop_1 = 15,628,000 | city_2 = Mbuji-Mayi | div_2 = Kasai Mashariki | pop_2 = 2,765,000 | city_3 = Lubumbashi | div_3 = Haut-Katanga{{!}}Haut-Katanga | pop_3 = 2,695,000 | city_4 = Kisangani | div_4 = Tshopo | pop_4 = 1,640,000 | city_5 = Kananga | div_5 = Kasai ya Kati | pop_5 = 1,593,000 | city_6 = Mbandaka | div_6 = Équateur{{!}}Équateur | pop_6 = 1,188,000 | city_7 = Bukavu | div_7 = Kivu Kusini | pop_7 = 1,190,000 | city_8 = Tshikapa | div_8 = Kasai{{!}}Kasaï | pop_8 = 1,024,000 | city_9 = Bunia | div_9 = Ituri{{!}}Ituri | pop_9 = 768,000 | city_10 = Goma | div_10 = Kivu Kaskazini | pop_10 = 707,000 }} === Afya=== [[File:SECRETARY-GENERAL’S VISIT TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (48710365336).jpg|thumb|200px|Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres akitembelea kituo cha matibabu cha Ebola cha Mangina]] [[Afya]] nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) inakabiliwa na udhaifu mkubwa wa mfumo wa huduma za [[afya]], hali inayozuia wananchi kufikia kiwango cha [[huduma]] bora. Ingawa baadhi ya maendeleo yameonekana, kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha vifo vya mama wa kujifungua kutoka vifo 934 kwa kila vizazi 100,000 mwaka 2000 hadi 427 mwaka 2023, changamoto kubwa bado zipo. Vifo vya watoto chini ya miaka mitano viko juu, vikiwa watoto 73 kwa kila vizazi 1000 hai mwaka 2022, na kiwango cha vifo vya watoto wachanga kilikuwa 45 kwa kila vizazi 1,000. Lishe duni inakabili takriban asilimia 69 ya watoto, huku asilimia 43 ya watoto wakiwa na udumavu<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Is stunting in children under five associated with the state of vegetation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?|publisher=National Institute of Health|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9937978/|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|lang=en}}</ref>. Malaria huchangia kwa kiasi kikubwa vifo vya watoto, na JKK (DRC) ikiwa nafasi ya pili duniani kwa idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa. Migogoro ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], upungufu wa [[miundombinu]] ya [[afya]], na ufadhili mdogo vinaendelea kuathiri vibaya hali ya afya ya wananchi. == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa ukuaji wa haraka na changamoto kubwa za [[jamii|kijamii]]. Mwaka 2023, [[uchumi]] wa taifa hili ulikua kwa asilimia 8.6, ukiendeshwa hasa na sekta ya [[madini]] ila ulikuwa kwa asilimia 6.7 2024<ref name="uchumi">{{Rejea habari|title=Takwimu za Uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource,GrossDomesticProduction&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=datacommons.org|lang=en}}</ref>. [[Pato la Taifa]] kwa kila raia lilifikia takriban dola bilioni 70.75<ref name="uchumi"/>, huku takriban asilimia 73.5 ya wananchi wakiishi kwa chini ya dola 2.15 kwa siku<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Economic Overview of DRC|publisher=World Bank|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.worldbank.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Sekta ya madini inachangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya [[maduhuli|mauzo ya nje]], na bidhaa kuu ni [[shaba]] na [[kobalti]], huku kilimo kikiingiza takriban asilimia 17.4 ya [[Pato la Taifa]] na kuajiri asilimia 55.1 ya nguvu kazi. ===Sekta ya Madini=== '''Sekta ya madini''' ndiyo nguzo kuu ya uchumi wa JKK (DRC), ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya mapato ya kigeni. Taifa hili ndilo mzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kobalti]] duniani, likichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya uzalishaji wa kimataifa<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Rampant cobalt smuggling and corruption deny billions to DRC|publisher=issafrica|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/rampant-cobalt-smuggling-and-corruption-deny-billions-to-drc|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Vilevile, DRC ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[shaba]], [[dhahabu]], [[almasi]], ''tin'', ''tungsten'', na ''tantalum''. Uchimbaji unafanyika kwa njia za viwandani, kati, na za kijadi, ingawa hizi za kijadi zinakabiliwa na changamoto za usalama, utawala duni, na utumiaji wa watoto katika kazi za madini. ===Kilimo na Miundombinu=== [[Kilimo]] ni sekta muhimu katika uchumi wa DRC, ingawa kinakabiliwa na changamoto za miundombinu duni na usalama. Uzalishaji wa [[chakula]] unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu, na upatikanaji wa [[chakula]] bora ni mdogo, hasa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na migogoro. Kwa jumla, ingawa JKK (DRC) ina rasilimali nyingi, changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[usalama|kiusalama]], na ukosefu wa [[miundombinu]] vinapunguza uwezo wa wananchi kufaidika kikamilifu na ukuaji wa uchumi. == Siasa na Utawala== [[File:Tshisekedi (46615782065) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Rais wa DRC]] [[Serikali]] ya '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) inajumuisha mfumo wa utawala wa [[rais]], ambapo Rais ndiye Mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Rais]] anachaguliwa kwa njia ya kura ya moja kwa moja kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano, na anateua [[Waziri Mkuu]] ambaye ni kiongozi wa [[serikali]] na anawajibika kwa [[Bunge]]. Bunge la JKK (DRC) ni la mabunge mawili: [[Bunge la Taifa]] lenye viti 500 na [[Seneti]] yenye viti 108. Bunge la Taifa linachaguliwa moja kwa moja, wakati Seneti inachaguliwa na mabunge ya mikoa. Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya 2006, Rais anapaswa kugawana madaraka na [[Waziri Mkuu]] kutoka chama kikuu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]] kilichoshinda uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, katika utekelezaji, [[Rais]] mara nyingi amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi kuliko [[Waziri Mkuu]], na hii imekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Desemba 2023, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 73.47 ya kura, akimshinda mpinzani wake mkuu [[Moïse Katumbi]] aliyepata asilimia 18.32. Chama cha Rais, UDPS, kilishinda viti 454 katika Bunge la Taifa na viti 95 katika Seneti, na kuunda muungano wa kisiasa uitwao ''Umoja Takatifu wa Taifa'' (USN). Muungano huu unajumuisha vyama 24 na umeimarisha ushawishi wa [[Rais]] katika [[siasa]] za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, ushindi huu haukukubalika na baadhi ya wapinzani, na kulikuwa na malalamiko kuhusu uhalali wa uchaguzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanuliwa kwa muda wa kupiga kura kinyume cha sheria. Hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] nchini JKK (DRC) inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa za [[usalama|kiusalama]] na utawala. Katika mashariki mwa nchi, mapigano kati ya vikosi vya serikali na makundi ya waasi, kama vile [[M23]], yameendelea kusababisha machafuko na uhamaji mkubwa wa watu. Hata baada ya kutiwa saini kwa makubaliano ya amani kati ya DRC na Rwanda mnamo Juni 2025, mapigano yameendelea, na makundi ya waasi kama M23 hayakushirikishwa katika makubaliano hayo. Hali hii inaonyesha udhaifu wa [[serikali]] katika kudhibiti maeneo mengi ya nchi na kutekeleza makubaliano ya amani. Aidha, rushwa ni tatizo kubwa katika utawala wa JKK (DRC), na nchi imekuwa ikishika nafasi za chini katika viwango vya udhibiti wa rushwa duniani. Hali hii inachangia katika kudhoofisha taasisi za serikali na kuzuia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. == Elimu == [[File:DRC classroom.jpg|thumb|Darasa nchini Kongo,JKK]] [[Elimu]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo imepitia mabadiliko kutoka kwa mila za kabla ya ukoloni, utawala wa kikoloni, hadi mageuzi ya baada ya uhuru, ikionyesha [[historia]] na maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ya nchi hiyo. Kabla ya [[ukoloni]], [[elimu]] ilikuwa ya jadi na isiyo rasmi, ikitegemea mila za mdomo, mafunzo ya [[jamii|kijamii]], na ujuzi wa vitendo kama [[kilimo]], ufundi, na majukumu ya kijamii. Wakati wa utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] (mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] hadi 1960), elimu rasmi ilianzishwa hasa kupitia shule za [[wamisionari]] wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]], zikilenga kusoma na kuandika, mafundisho ya dini, na mafunzo ya ufundi. Upatikanaji wa [[elimu]] ya juu kwa Wakongo ulikuwa mdogo sana, na mfumo huo uliundwa zaidi kuhudumia mahitaji ya utawala wa kikoloni kuliko kukuza maendeleo mapana ya kielimu. Baada ya kupata uhuru mwaka 1960, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo#Serikali na Utawala|Serikali ya Kongo]] ilijitahidi kupanua na kufanya [[elimu]] iwe ya kitaifa, ili iweze kufikiwa na watu wengi na kuendana na utambulisho wa taifa pamoja na malengo ya maendeleo. Mageuzi yalileta ngazi zilizopangwa za elimu ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya [[chuo kikuu|juu]], huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha kuu ya kufunzia. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa utulivu wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], changamoto za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na vipindi vya migogoro vilizuia maendeleo endelevu. Juhudi zilifanywa kuendeleza lugha za kitaifa katika elimu ya awali na kuanzisha vyuo vikuu na taasisi za kiufundi, ingawa tofauti kati ya maeneo na makundi ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ziliendelea kuwepo. Katika kipindi cha sasa, mfumo wa [[elimu]] unajumuisha miaka sita ya elimu ya msingi, ikifuatiwa na elimu ya sekondari na ya juu, ikiwemo [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] na taasisi maalumu. [[Serikali]] imeanzisha sera kama elimu ya msingi bila malipo ili kuongeza idadi ya wanafunzi wanaojiunga na shule, lakini changamoto bado zipo, zikiwemo madarasa yenye msongamano mkubwa, uhaba wa [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa [[mwalimu|walimu]] wenye mafunzo ya kutosha, na athari za migogoro inayoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo. Licha ya changamoto hizi, elimu bado inaonekana kuwa nguzo muhimu ya maendeleo ya taifa, huku mageuzi yanayoendelea na msaada wa kimataifa yakilenga kuboresha upatikanaji, ubora, na usawa katika nchi nzima. == Watu Mashuhuri== * 1. [[Patrice Lumumba]] – Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa DRC na shujaa wa ukombozi wa taifa, aliuawa mwaka 1961. *2. [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] – Rais wa DRC kutoka 1965 hadi 1997, aliyeongoza kwa mtindo wa kiimla na kubadili jina la nchi kuwa Zaire. *3. [[Koffi Olomide]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1956. * 4. [[Fally Ipupa]] – Mwanamuziki wa kisasa maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1977. * 5. [[Joseph Kabila]] – Rais wa nne wa DRC (2001–2019), alichukua madaraka baada ya kuuawa kwa baba yake Laurent-Désiré Kabila. * 6. [[Franco Luambo]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu na kiongozi wa bendi ya TPOK Jazz, aliyeathiri muziki wa DRC na Afrika kwa ujumla. * 7. [[Dikembe Mutombo]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu aliyejulikana kimataifa, alizaliwa mwaka 1966. * 8. [[Serge Ibaka]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa DRC anayejulikana duniani, alizaliwa mwaka 1989. * 9. [[Julienne Lusenge]] – Mtetezi wa haki za wanawake na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Haki za Binadamu 2023. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin|30em}} * Clark, John F., ''The African Stakes of the Congo War'', 2004. * {{cite book| last=Devlin| first=Larry| authorlink=Larry Devlin| title=Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67| url=https://archive.org/details/chiefofstationco0000devl| publisher=PublicAffairs| location=New York| year=2007| isbn=978-1-58648-405-7}}. * Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark, ''The Wild Highway'', 2005. * Edgerton, Robert, ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' St. Martin's Press, December 2002. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://eeecon.uibk.ac.at/wopec2/repec/inn/wpaper/2007-31.pdf ''The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo''], Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31, University Innsbruck 2007. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf ''Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf |date=20110901165807 }}, Paper to be presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences", Utrecht 3–4 December 2010. * Gondola, Ch. Didier, "The History of Congo", Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. * Joris, Lieve, translated by Waters, Liz, ''The Rebels' Hour'', Atlantic, 2008. * Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard; Ehrhart, Hans Georg. Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2008. (In German) ISBN 978-3-17-020781-3. * [[Barbara Kingsolver|Kingsolver, Barbara]]. ''[[The Poisonwood Bible]]'' HarperCollins, 1998. * Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005. ''Borders, nationalism and the African state''. Boulder, Colorado and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. * Lemarchand, Reni and Hamilton, Lee; ''Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.'' Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994. * Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008. ISBN 1-59691-345-2. * [[Linda Melvern|Melvern, Linda]], ''Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community''. Verso, 2004. * Miller, Eric: "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma", 2010. ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp.&nbsp;147 – 205, ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2; Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent'', First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9. * Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges, ''The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History'', 2002. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''Congo Journey'', 1996. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo'', 1998. * Prunier, Gérard, ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe'', 2011 (also published as ''From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa''). * Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo. ''The Congo: Plunder and Resistance'', 2007. ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4. * Reyntjens, Filip, ''The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 '', 2009. * Rorison, Sean, ''Bradt Travel Guide: Congo&nbsp; — Democratic Republic/Republic'', 2008. * Schulz, Manfred. ''Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur'', Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German) ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1. * Stearns, Jason: ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'', Public Affairs, 2011. * Tayler, Jeffrey, ''Facing the Congo'', 2001. * Turner, Thomas, ''The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality'', 2007. * [[David Van Reybrouck|Van Reybrouck]], David, ''Congo: The Epic History of a People'', 2014 * Wrong, Michela, ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo''. {{refend}} * Osman, Mohamed Omer Guudle(November,2011) Africa: A rich Continent where poorest people live, The Case of DR Congo and the exploitation of the World Market == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |date=20150402133833 }} from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|cg|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm |date=20080727023932 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Congo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the}} * {{Wikiatlas|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues] * {{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources |publisher=Stanford University |location=USA |editor=Karen Fung |accessdate=2015-09-12 |archivedate=2014-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004102743/http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html }} {{Hoja Kuhusu Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] s8mard1brw79nngec7sd873hsluwhkh 1548983 1548978 2026-05-23T10:40:51Z Gayle157 73366 /* Jina */ [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Jina]] 1548983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|JKK|nchi jirani|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | jina_asili = République démocratique du Congo (Kifaransa) | bendera = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Justice – Paix – Travail" (Haki – Amani – Kazi) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Debout Congolais" (Simameni Wakongo) </br>[[File:Debout Congolais.ogg]] | ramani = COD orthographic.svg | ramani2 =Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la JKK katika dunia | maelezo_ramani2 = JKK katika [[Afrika]] | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Kinshasa]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] <ref>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | lugha2 = [[Kiswahili]], [[Lingala]], [[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] <ref name="UNDRC">{{cite web |title=Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CD/languages |website=Ethnologue |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_dini = 2024 <ref name="United States Department of State 2022"/> | dini = {{Plainlist| *95.4% [[Ukristo]] *2.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.5% [[Uislamu]] *0.5% others / none }} | uraia = ''Mkongo'' </br> ''Wakongo'' | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Félix Tshisekedi]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = [[Judith Suminwa]] | bunge = Bunge la Kitaifa (Seneti na Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]''' | tukio1 = [[Dola Huru la Kongo]] | tukio1_tarehe = 1895 - 1908 | tukio2 = Uhuru | tukio2_tarehe = 30 Juni 1960 <ref name="cia.gov"/> | eneo_jumla = 2,345,409 | maji = 3.32% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 124,388,160 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population (2025)|website=Worldometer|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175204/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-congo-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 48 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $200.76 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,881 <ref name="auto"/> | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = {{increase}} $79.120 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $742 <ref name="auto"/> | hdi = {{Ongezeko}} 0.522 <ref name="UNHDR"/> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 171 | gini = 42.1 <ref name=gini/> | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) | majira_saa = +1 hadi UTC+2 (WAT na CAT) | tld = .cd | msimbo_simu = 243 }} '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' ([[kifupi]]: JKK; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République démocratique du Congo''; pia '''Kongo-Kinshasa''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], inayopakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kaskazini, [[Sudan Kusini]] kaskazini-mashariki, [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] mashariki, [[Tanzania]] kusini-mashariki, [[Zambia]] kusini, na [[Angola]] kusini-magharibi. Mnamo 2024, Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 110, na kuwa nchi ya 15 kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idadi ya Watu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Benki Kuu ya Dunia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD |website=www.data.worldbank.org|accessdate=2025-08-28|lang=en}}</ref> [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi ni [[Kinshasa]], ambalo pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. JKK imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] 26 na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] kwa eneo na ina [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[rasilmali]] za [[asili]], hasa [[madini]] kama vile [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. Licha ya utajiri huo, IKK kwa muda mrefu imekumbwa na hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] isiyo thabiti, migogoro, na maendeleo duni. Sehemu kubwa ya matatizo hayO yanatokana na [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ubelgiji]], uliomalizika [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na kufuatiwa na [[Mwongo|miongo]] kadhaa ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], hasa chini ya [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Tangu mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]], nchi imepitia mfululizo wa migogoro, ikiwemo [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo|Vita vya Kwanza]] (1996-1997) na [[vita vya Pili vya Kongo|vya Pili vya Kongo]] (1998-2003), ambavyo vilihusisha nchi jirani kadhaa na kusababisha janga lililoathiri mamilioni ya watu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.warchild.org.uk/history-democratic-republic-congo-drc|publisher=Warchild|website=6 www.warchild.org.uk|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo: Colonialism , Civil War and Conflict|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/History|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> [[Mto Kongo]], ambao ni [[mto]] wa pili kwa [[urefu]] barani [[Afrika]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo River|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-River|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-06}}</ref>, unapita katikati ya nchi na ni njia muhimu ya usafirishaji, inayosaidia [[biashara]] na jamii za wenyeji. JKK ina [[Msitu|misitu]] mikubwa ya [[mvua]], ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Bonde]] la Kongo, ambalo ni msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa wa mvua wa [[Tropiki|kitropiki]] duniani baada ya [[msitu wa Amazon]]. Mifumo hiyo ya [[ekolojia]] ni muhimu sana duniani kwa utofauti wa viumbe na udhibiti wa [[hali ya hewa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Introduction to the General Geography of the DRC|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-41065-9_1|website=www.springer.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> Aina mbalimbali za [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nchini zinaonekana kupitia zaidi ya [[Kabila|makabila]] 200 na [[lugha]] nyingi, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Licha ya changamoto hizo, JKK inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na uhifadhi wa mazingira. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inaendeshwa kama [[Serikali ya Kirais|jamhuri ya nusu-urais]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaotegemea Katiba iliyopitishwa mwaka 2006 baada ya kipindi cha mpito kilichofuata [[Vita vya Pili vya Kongo]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-congo/Government-and-society |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Government and Society |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na kamanda mkuu wa majeshi ya ulinzi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yapo chini ya Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), na [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS). <ref name="AU_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/democratic_republic_congo |title=Member State Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kiuchumi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inategemea sana uchimbaji [[madini]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa na baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya kobalti pamoja na hifadhi kubwa za [[shaba]], [[almasi]], lithiamu, na madini mengine ya kimkakati muhimu kwa sekta za teknolojia na nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview |title=The World Bank in DRC: Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] pia kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mazao kama muhogo, mahindi, ndizi za kupika, kahawa, na mafuta ya mawese yakizalishwa katika maeneo mbalimbali. Changamoto za [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa usalama katika majimbo ya mashariki, na maendeleo madogo ya viwanda zinaendelea kuathiri ukuaji wa uchumi, ingawa nchi hiyo bado ina umuhimu mkubwa wa kimkakati kutokana na maliasili zake, uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji, na nafasi yake ya kati ndani ya Afrika. <ref name="WFB_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#economy |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> == Jina == Jina ''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo'' linaakisi mfumo wa kisiasa wa nchi hiyo pamoja na utambulisho wake wa kijiografia katika eneo la Kongo la [[Afrika ya Kati]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Neno ''Kongo'' linatokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]], dola yenye nguvu ya kabla ya ukoloni iliyokuwepo kando ya [[Mto Kongo]] wa chini na iliyochangia sana historia ya awali ya eneo hilo. <ref name="UNESCO_Kongo">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/102/ |title=Mbanza Kongo, Mabaki ya Mji Mkuu wa Ufalme wa zamani wa Kongo |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hii mara nyingi hufupishwa kama ''DRC'' na pia hujulikana kama ''Kongo-Kinshasa'' ili kuitofautisha na nchi jirani ya magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] (Kongo-Brazzaville). <ref name="BBC_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |title=Wasifu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Jina la sasa lilipitishwa rasmi mwaka 1997 baada ya kuanguka kwa utawala wa Mobutu, likichukua nafasi ya jina la awali ''Zaire'', lililotumika kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Background |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> == Jiografia == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa eneo barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na takribani kilomita za mraba 2,345,409. Iko katika [[Afrika ya Kati]] na inapakana na nchi tisa: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na [[Angola]]. Pia ina ukanda mwembamba wa pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], unaotoa njia ndogo ya kuingia baharini. ===Topografia na mandhari=== [[File:Congo Kinshasa Topography.png|thumb|200px|Topografia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]] JKK ina mandhari mbalimbali na tata ikijumuisha: * '''Bonde la Mto Kongo''': Katikati ya nchi kuna Bonde la Kongo, eneo kubwa la chini lililofunikwa na msitu mnene wa mvua wa kitropiki na linalopitiwa na **Mto Kongo**, mto wa pili kwa urefu Afrika. Bonde hili lina msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa duniani baada ya Amazon. * '''Uwanda wa Kati''': Unaouzunguka bonde kuna uwanda wa juu wenye urefu wa kati ya mita 500 hadi 1,000. Eneo hili hubadilika kutoka msitu hadi savana. * '''Milima''': Mashariki, ardhi inapanda kwa kasi na kutengeneza [[Milima ya Bonde la Ufa la Albertine]], sehemu ya tawi la magharibi la Mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Sehemu hii ina [[Mlima Stanley]], mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ukiwa na urefu wa mita 5,109 (futi 16,763), ulioko kwenye [[Milima ya Rwenzori]] mpakani na Uganda. * '''Eneo la Maziwa Makuu''': Mashariki mwa DRC inapakana na baadhi ya maziwa makuu ya Afrika kama vile [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], [[Ziwa Kivu]], [[Ziwa Edward]], na [[Ziwa Albert]]. Maziwa haya yako katika bonde la ufa na huchangia katika shughuli za volkeno na mitetemeko ya ardhi. ===Maji na Mifumo ya Mito=== [[File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg|thumb|200px|Mito nchini JKK]] Mto Kongo ndiyo njia kuu ya maji nchini. Unapita katikati ya JKK kwa mduara mkubwa na unavukika katika baadhi ya sehemu, hivyo kuwa njia muhimu ya usafiri. Mito mikuu inayotoa maji katika Mto Kongo ni pamoja na [[Mto Ubangi]], [[Mto Kasai]], na [[Mto Lualaba]]. Mfumo huu wa mito una viumbe wengi wa majini na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji. Nchi pia ina maeneo mengi ya mabwawa, vinamasi, na njia za ndani za maji, na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye maji mengi zaidi Afrika. ===Hali ya Hewa=== JKK ina hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini hali hubadilika kulingana na maeneo: * ''Hali ya hewa ya Ikweta'': Eneo la kati lina joto na unyevunyevu mwingi na mvua nyingi mwaka mzima. * ''Hali ya hewa ya mvua na kiangazi'': Kaskazini na kusini kuna misimu ya mvua na kiangazi. * ''Hali ya hewa ya milimani'': Nyanda za juu mashariki zina joto la chini na hali tofauti kutokana na mwinuko mkubwa. Mvua ya kila mwaka inaweza kuzidi milimita 2,000 katika maeneo ya misitu, huku savana ikiwa na mvua chache zaidi. ===Rasilimali asilia na bioanuwai === JKK ina utajiri mkubwa wa [[rasilimali]] [[uasilia|asilia]] kama vile [[shaba]], [[kobalti]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. [[Msitu|Misitu]] ya nchi hii ni makazi ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] mbalimbali kama [[bonobo]], [[okapi]], [[sokwe]], na [[tembo]]. Maeneo kadhaa yamelindwa kama mbuga za [[mnyama|wanyama]], zikiwemo za [[hifadhi ya Virunga|Virunga]] na [[Salonga]], ambazo ni maeneo ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]]. ===Changamoto za mazingira=== Licha ya utajiri wa kiekolojia, JKK inakumbwa na changamoto nyingi za mazingira: * Ukataji miti ovyo * Uchimbaji haramu wa madini * Uwindaji haramu na uharibifu wa makazi ya viumbe * Uchafuzi wa mazingira kutokana na uchimbaji * Madhara ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} ===Historia ya kale=== [[Picha:KingdomKongo1711.png|thumb|Ufalme wa Kongo mnamo mwaka 1700]] Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na ya [[Wabilikimo]]. Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Jina la Kongo lahusiana na [[mto Kongo]] unaopitia nchi yote. Mnamo [[karne ya 15]], wakati [[wapelelezi]] wa kwanza [[Wareno]] walipofika kwenye pwani za Afrika, [[milki]] kubwa katika nchi ya Kongo ya magharibi pamoja na [[Angola]] ya kaskazini ilikuwa [[Ufalme wa Kongo]]. Wakati wa uenezaji mkuu ufalme huu ulianza kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Atlantiki na kuendelea hadi [[mto Kwango]] kwenye mashariki, halafu maeneo kutoka [[Pointe-Noire]] (leo: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], upande wa kaskazini ya [[Cabinda]]) upande wa kaskazini hadi [[mto Loje]] (leo: mji wa [[Ambriz]]) katika kusini. Mtawala alikuwa na [[cheo]] cha [[Manikongo]] na ufalme uligawiwa kwa majimbo sita. Baada ya kufika kwa Wareno wafalme na matabaka ya juu walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Ufalme uliporomoka kutokana na vita vilivyosababishwa na [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kuingilia kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] ya [[watumwa]] katika [[siasa]] ya ndani. Hata hivyo, [[nasaba]] za watawala waliotumia cheo cha "Awenekongo" waliendelea kukaa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa kale M'banza-Kongo (iliyobadilishwa jina kuitwa San Salvador) hadi mwaka [[1914]] ambako Wareno walifuta mabaki ya [[uhuru]] na kufanya eneo lililobaki sehemu kamili ya koloni lao la Angola. Upande wa Mashariki, [[Washi]] walikuwa na ufalme wenye nguvu katika [[karne ya 17]] hadi [[karne ya 19]], chini ya Mwami Kabare. Baadaye, ufalme huo uligawanyika katika madola madogo kama: Kabare, Walungu, Mwenga na Kalehe. Upande wa [[kusini]], kuanzia karne ya 17, kulikuwa na [[ufalme]] ulioitwa [[Dola la Kazembe]]. === Koloni binafsi la mfalme kuwa koloni la Ubelgiji === [[Picha:MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Picha za watoto waliokatwa mikono kama [[adhabu]] chini ya Leopold II zilienea na kusababisha madai ya kumwondolea utawala wa Kongo.]] Nchi jinsi ilivyo ilianzishwa kama [[Dola huru la Kongo]] likiwa [[mali]] binafsi ya [[mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]]. [[Historia]] yake ni ya [[aibu]] na ya [[ukatili]] kupindukia. Utawala wa mfalme ulionekana kuwa wa kinyama na upinzani dhidi yake ulikua katika nchi nyingi za dunia. Hatimaye alipaswa kukabidhi koloni lake binafsi mikononi mwa serikali ya Ubelgiji iliyomlipa [[fidia]] kwa mali aliyoacha. Kati ya mwaka [[1908]] hadi [[1960]] ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ubelgiji]] kwa jina la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] baada ya kuhamishiwa mikononi mwa [[serikali]] ya Ubelgiji. Katika miaka [[1925]] hadi [[1946]] maeneo ya [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] yalitawaliwa kama sehemu za Kongo ya Kibelgiji. === Siasa ya wakoloni === Wabelgiji walijitahidi kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wenyeji baada ya miaka mibaya ya Leopold II. Nia ilichelewa kuonekana hali halisi kwa sababu utaratibu wa kulazimisha Waafrika kufanyia kazi kampuni na shirika kubwa iliendelea hata bila [[idhini]] ya serikali mpya ukadai vifo vingi. Kwenye uwanja wa [[elimu]], [[matibabu]] na [[mawasiliano]] [[jitihada]] za siasa mpya zilionekana zaidi. Kongo ilikuwa kati ya nchi chache ambako lugha za kienyeji zilifundishwa [[Shule|shuleni]] kwa sababu shule nyingi ziliendshwa na [[wamisionari]]. Kwa upande mwingine [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliwaruhusu Waafrika wachache sana kufikia ngazi za juu za elimu. Makampuni makubwa ya [[mgodi|migodi]] kama vile "Société Générale" na "Union Minière du Haut Katanga" yalichimba [[madini]] hasa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]]. Makampuni hayo yalikuwa na athira kubwa. Katanga ilikuwa maarufu kwa [[shaba]] iliyochimbwa huko. halafu pia kwa [[uranium]] iliyotumiwa kwa [[bomu la kinyuklia|mabomu ya kwanza ya kinyuklia]] ya [[Marekani]] mwaka [[1945]]. === Upinzani === Baada ya [[unyama]] wa miaka ya Leopold II upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa hafifu. Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1920]] Wakongo wengi walionyesha upinzani huo katika mahudhurio katika madhehebu mapya ya wafuasi wa [[Simon Kimbangu]] yaliyopigwa marufuku na Wabelgiji kuanzia mwaka [[1926]]. Tangu mwaka [[1950]] upinzani uliongezeka na kuonyesha pia uso wa kisiasa. Wabelgiji ambao hawakujiandaa kwa madai hayo yalipaswa kukubali [[uchaguzi]] wa halmashauri za vijiji na miji mwaka [[1957]]. Mwaka [[1958]] vyama vya kisiasa vilikubaliwa. [[Harakati]] mbili muhimu kati ya hivi zilikuwa Abako (Alliance de Bakongo) chini ya [[Joseph Kasavubu]] na MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) chini ya [[Patrice Lumumba]]. Mwaka [[1959]] mkutano wa wanasiasa Wakongo ulidai [[uhuru]] wa nchi. === Mwisho wa koloni na uhuru === Wabelgiji walijaribu kuchelewesha harakati hizo lakini baada ya kutambua matatizo serikali ya Ubelgiji ilitangaza mnamo Januari [[1960]] kuwa uchaguzi utaendeshwa haraka na baada ya miezi sita Wabelgiji watakabidhi nchi kwa wenyeji. [[Chama]] cha Patrice Lumumba kilishinda kwa [[kura]] nyingi naye akawa kiongozi wa kwanza wa nchi huru kama [[waziri mkuu]]. Koloni la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] lilipata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[30 Juni]] [[1960]]. Kati ya [[27 Oktoba]] [[1971]] na [[17 Mei]] [[1997]], chini ya utawala wa [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu]], nchi ilijulikana kwa jina la "[[Zaire]]". Leo hii ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Mikoa == {{Main|Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Image:Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo - 2005.svg|thumb|left|350px|Mikoa 25 na [[mji mkuu]] [[Kinshasa]].]] <br clear="left"/> Nchi imegawiwa katika mikoa 26 kadiri ya [[Katiba]] mpya ([[2006]]) na utekelezaji wake wa mwaka [[2015]]. {| style="background:transparent;" | <!----First column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 1. || [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kinshasa]] |- | 2. || [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati|Kongo Kati]]{{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Matadi]] |- | 3. || [[Mkoa wa Kwango|Kwango]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kenge (Kwango)|Kenge]] |- | 4. || [[Mkoa wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kikwit]] |- | 5. || [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe|Mai-Ndombe]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Inongo]] |- | 6. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï|Kasaï]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Luebo]] |- | 7. || [[Mkoa wa Lulua|Lulua]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kananga]] |- | 8. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï Mashariki|Kasaï Mashariki]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | 9. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami|Lomami]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kabinda (Lomami)|Kabinda]] |- | 10. || [[Mkoa wa Sankuru|Sankuru]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lodja]] |- | 11. || [[Mkoa wa Maniema|Maniema]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kindu]] |- | 12. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bukavu]] |- | 13. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Goma]] |} | <!----Second column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 14. || [[Mkoa wa Ituri|Ituri]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bunia]] |- | 15. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu|Uele Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Isiro]] |- | 16. || [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kisangani]] |- | 17. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini|Uele Chini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Buta]] |- | 18. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini|Ubangi Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gbadolite]] |- | 19. || [[Mkoa wa Mongala|Mongala]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lisala]] |- | 20. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini|Ubangi Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gemena]] |- | 21. || [[Mkoa wa Équateur|Équateur]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbandaka]] |- | 22. || [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Boende]] |- | 23. || [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kalemie]] |- | 24. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu|Lomami Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kamina]] |- | 25. || [[Mkoa wa Lualaba|Lualaba]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kolwezi]] |- | 26. || [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Katanga Juu]] {{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lubumbashi]] |} |} ==Demografia== [[File:Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|thumb|Piramidi ya Idadi ya watu ya DRC (JKK)]] '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (DRC), ni taifa la nne kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu barani [[Afrika]], likikadiria kuwa na watu takriban milioni 109.3 mwaka 2023<ref name="demografia">{{Rejea habari|title=Demografia za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=en}}</ref>Ina muundo wa kundi la vijana, ambapo takriban 46% ya watu wake wako chini ya umri wa miaka 15 na umri wa wastani ni miaka 16.5. Nchi hii ina kiwango kikubwa cha uzazi, ambapo kila mwanamke anazaa watoto wastani 6.05, na kiwango cha kuzaliwa ni 40.08 kwa watu 1,000<ref name="demografia"/>. Miaka ya kuishi unakadiriwa kuwa miaka 61.83, ambapo wanawake wanaishi zaidi (miaka 63.69) kuliko wanaume (miaka 60.03). Idadi ya watu wa DRC ni mchanganyiko wa makabila, ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250, ikiwemo [[Waluba]], [[Wamongo]], na [[Wakongo]]. Mji mkubwa na mkuu ni [[Kinshasa]] ===Kabila=== Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni miongoni mwa nchi zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[kabila|makabila]] barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250 yaliyosambaa kote katika eneo lake kubwa. Makabila makuu ni pamoja na [[Waluba]], wanaoishi hasa katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]] na [[Mkoa wa Katanga|Katanga]]; [[Wakongo]], wanaopatikana kandokando ya mto Kongo wa chini; na [[Wamongo]], wanaoishi katika bonde la katikati. Kwa pamoja, makabila hayo matatu yanachangia takribani asilimia 45 ya idadi ya watu nchini. [[File:Danses et chants folkloriques des Peuples Autochtones Pygmées de la RDC.jpg|thumb|Ngoma za kiasili na nyimbo za Wabilikimo nchini.]] Makundi mengine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Mangbetu]] na [[Wazande]] kaskazini mashariki, pamoja na jamii za [[Watutsi]] na [[Wahutu]] mashariki mwa nchi, ambazo zina uhusiano wa mpakani na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Wakongo wengi ni sehemu ya familia pana ya lugha za Bantu, ingawa kuna pia wachache wanaozungumza lugha za Kiniloti, pamoja na vikundi vidogo vya Wabilikimo wanaoishi katika misitu. Mchanganyiko huo mkubwa wa kikabila umeunda utajiri wa maisha ya kitamaduni nchini, lakini pia umekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa, hususan katika mikoa ya [[mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]]. === Lugha === [[Picha:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|300px|Maeneo ya lugha za taifa za Kongo.]] [[Kifaransa]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Ilikuwa lugha ya utawala ya koloni ikaendelea kutumiwa kama lugha isiyoelekea upande wowote kati ya ma[[kabila]], [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za nchi hii.Lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]] iliyotumiwa na Wabelgiji pamoja na Kifaransa katika utawala haitumiki tena. Kwa jumla kuna takriban lugha 242, hasa [[lugha za Kibantu]], zinazozungumzwa nchini (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|orodha ya lugha]]). Kati yake, lugha 4 zinatambuliwa kama [[lugha za kitaifa]], nazo ni: [[Kikongo]] ([[Kituba]]), [[Kingala (Kongo)]], [[Kiluba]] (''Tshiluba'') na [[Kiswahili]]. Wakati wa ukoloni lugha hizo nne za kitaifa ziliwahi kutumiwa kieneo katika [[shule za msingi]].[[Kingala]] kilikuwa lugha rasmi ya [[jeshi]] la kikoloni lililoitwa "[[Force Publique]]" chini ya utawala wa Ubelgiji likaendelea kuwa lugha ya jeshi la jamhuri baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu [[mapinduzi]] ya [[1997]] sehemu za jeshi, hasa [[mashariki]], hutumia pia Kiswahili.Takriban 47% wanatumia Kifaransa kama [[lugha ya kwanza]] au [[lugha ya pili]]. === Dini === [[File:Kisantu kathedraal 2.JPG|thumb|Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Cathedral, Kisantu]] {{Chati ya duara | caption= | label1 = [[Ukristo]] | value1 = 95.4 | color1= green | label2 = [[Dini za jadi]] | value2 = 2.6 | color2= red | label3 = [[Uislamu]] | value3 = 1.5 | color3= pink | label4 = Dini nyingine | value4 = 0.5 | color4= yellow }} Asilimia 95 ya watu katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni [[Wakristo]], huku [[Kanisa Katoliki]] likiwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kihistoria na kijamii nchini. Asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni [[Wakatoliki]], na 48.1% ni [[Waprotestanti]], wakiwemo wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama vile [[Wapentekoste]], [[Baptisti|Wabaptisti]] na [[Waanglikana]]. [[Uislamu]] unafuata kwa karibu 2% ya watu, na wafuasi wake wengi wanapatikana katika [[mkoa wa Maniema]] na maeneo ya mijini. Aidha, kuna idadi ndogo ya watu wanaofuata [[dini za jadi]] [[dini asilia za Kiafrika|za Kiafrika]] pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] wachache na [[Uhindu|Wahindu]]<ref name="dini">{{Cite Web|title=Dini katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|website=www.state.gov|accessdate=2025-08-26|lang=sw|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref>. ===Miji Mikubwa=== {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | stat_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511000300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://populationstat.com/africa/ |title=Africa Population (2022) |website=populationstat.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032905/https://populationstat.com/africa/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | div_name = Mkoa | city_1 = Kinshasa | div_1 = Kinshasa | pop_1 = 15,628,000 | city_2 = Mbuji-Mayi | div_2 = Kasai Mashariki | pop_2 = 2,765,000 | city_3 = Lubumbashi | div_3 = Haut-Katanga{{!}}Haut-Katanga | pop_3 = 2,695,000 | city_4 = Kisangani | div_4 = Tshopo | pop_4 = 1,640,000 | city_5 = Kananga | div_5 = Kasai ya Kati | pop_5 = 1,593,000 | city_6 = Mbandaka | div_6 = Équateur{{!}}Équateur | pop_6 = 1,188,000 | city_7 = Bukavu | div_7 = Kivu Kusini | pop_7 = 1,190,000 | city_8 = Tshikapa | div_8 = Kasai{{!}}Kasaï | pop_8 = 1,024,000 | city_9 = Bunia | div_9 = Ituri{{!}}Ituri | pop_9 = 768,000 | city_10 = Goma | div_10 = Kivu Kaskazini | pop_10 = 707,000 }} === Afya=== [[File:SECRETARY-GENERAL’S VISIT TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (48710365336).jpg|thumb|200px|Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres akitembelea kituo cha matibabu cha Ebola cha Mangina]] [[Afya]] nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) inakabiliwa na udhaifu mkubwa wa mfumo wa huduma za [[afya]], hali inayozuia wananchi kufikia kiwango cha [[huduma]] bora. Ingawa baadhi ya maendeleo yameonekana, kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha vifo vya mama wa kujifungua kutoka vifo 934 kwa kila vizazi 100,000 mwaka 2000 hadi 427 mwaka 2023, changamoto kubwa bado zipo. Vifo vya watoto chini ya miaka mitano viko juu, vikiwa watoto 73 kwa kila vizazi 1000 hai mwaka 2022, na kiwango cha vifo vya watoto wachanga kilikuwa 45 kwa kila vizazi 1,000. Lishe duni inakabili takriban asilimia 69 ya watoto, huku asilimia 43 ya watoto wakiwa na udumavu<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Is stunting in children under five associated with the state of vegetation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?|publisher=National Institute of Health|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9937978/|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|lang=en}}</ref>. Malaria huchangia kwa kiasi kikubwa vifo vya watoto, na JKK (DRC) ikiwa nafasi ya pili duniani kwa idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa. Migogoro ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], upungufu wa [[miundombinu]] ya [[afya]], na ufadhili mdogo vinaendelea kuathiri vibaya hali ya afya ya wananchi. == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa ukuaji wa haraka na changamoto kubwa za [[jamii|kijamii]]. Mwaka 2023, [[uchumi]] wa taifa hili ulikua kwa asilimia 8.6, ukiendeshwa hasa na sekta ya [[madini]] ila ulikuwa kwa asilimia 6.7 2024<ref name="uchumi">{{Rejea habari|title=Takwimu za Uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource,GrossDomesticProduction&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=datacommons.org|lang=en}}</ref>. [[Pato la Taifa]] kwa kila raia lilifikia takriban dola bilioni 70.75<ref name="uchumi"/>, huku takriban asilimia 73.5 ya wananchi wakiishi kwa chini ya dola 2.15 kwa siku<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Economic Overview of DRC|publisher=World Bank|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.worldbank.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Sekta ya madini inachangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya [[maduhuli|mauzo ya nje]], na bidhaa kuu ni [[shaba]] na [[kobalti]], huku kilimo kikiingiza takriban asilimia 17.4 ya [[Pato la Taifa]] na kuajiri asilimia 55.1 ya nguvu kazi. ===Sekta ya Madini=== '''Sekta ya madini''' ndiyo nguzo kuu ya uchumi wa JKK (DRC), ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya mapato ya kigeni. Taifa hili ndilo mzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kobalti]] duniani, likichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya uzalishaji wa kimataifa<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Rampant cobalt smuggling and corruption deny billions to DRC|publisher=issafrica|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/rampant-cobalt-smuggling-and-corruption-deny-billions-to-drc|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Vilevile, DRC ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[shaba]], [[dhahabu]], [[almasi]], ''tin'', ''tungsten'', na ''tantalum''. Uchimbaji unafanyika kwa njia za viwandani, kati, na za kijadi, ingawa hizi za kijadi zinakabiliwa na changamoto za usalama, utawala duni, na utumiaji wa watoto katika kazi za madini. ===Kilimo na Miundombinu=== [[Kilimo]] ni sekta muhimu katika uchumi wa DRC, ingawa kinakabiliwa na changamoto za miundombinu duni na usalama. Uzalishaji wa [[chakula]] unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu, na upatikanaji wa [[chakula]] bora ni mdogo, hasa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na migogoro. Kwa jumla, ingawa JKK (DRC) ina rasilimali nyingi, changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[usalama|kiusalama]], na ukosefu wa [[miundombinu]] vinapunguza uwezo wa wananchi kufaidika kikamilifu na ukuaji wa uchumi. == Siasa na Utawala== [[File:Tshisekedi (46615782065) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Rais wa DRC]] [[Serikali]] ya '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) inajumuisha mfumo wa utawala wa [[rais]], ambapo Rais ndiye Mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Rais]] anachaguliwa kwa njia ya kura ya moja kwa moja kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano, na anateua [[Waziri Mkuu]] ambaye ni kiongozi wa [[serikali]] na anawajibika kwa [[Bunge]]. Bunge la JKK (DRC) ni la mabunge mawili: [[Bunge la Taifa]] lenye viti 500 na [[Seneti]] yenye viti 108. Bunge la Taifa linachaguliwa moja kwa moja, wakati Seneti inachaguliwa na mabunge ya mikoa. Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya 2006, Rais anapaswa kugawana madaraka na [[Waziri Mkuu]] kutoka chama kikuu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]] kilichoshinda uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, katika utekelezaji, [[Rais]] mara nyingi amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi kuliko [[Waziri Mkuu]], na hii imekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Desemba 2023, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 73.47 ya kura, akimshinda mpinzani wake mkuu [[Moïse Katumbi]] aliyepata asilimia 18.32. Chama cha Rais, UDPS, kilishinda viti 454 katika Bunge la Taifa na viti 95 katika Seneti, na kuunda muungano wa kisiasa uitwao ''Umoja Takatifu wa Taifa'' (USN). Muungano huu unajumuisha vyama 24 na umeimarisha ushawishi wa [[Rais]] katika [[siasa]] za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, ushindi huu haukukubalika na baadhi ya wapinzani, na kulikuwa na malalamiko kuhusu uhalali wa uchaguzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanuliwa kwa muda wa kupiga kura kinyume cha sheria. Hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] nchini JKK (DRC) inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa za [[usalama|kiusalama]] na utawala. Katika mashariki mwa nchi, mapigano kati ya vikosi vya serikali na makundi ya waasi, kama vile [[M23]], yameendelea kusababisha machafuko na uhamaji mkubwa wa watu. Hata baada ya kutiwa saini kwa makubaliano ya amani kati ya DRC na Rwanda mnamo Juni 2025, mapigano yameendelea, na makundi ya waasi kama M23 hayakushirikishwa katika makubaliano hayo. Hali hii inaonyesha udhaifu wa [[serikali]] katika kudhibiti maeneo mengi ya nchi na kutekeleza makubaliano ya amani. Aidha, rushwa ni tatizo kubwa katika utawala wa JKK (DRC), na nchi imekuwa ikishika nafasi za chini katika viwango vya udhibiti wa rushwa duniani. Hali hii inachangia katika kudhoofisha taasisi za serikali na kuzuia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. == Elimu == [[File:DRC classroom.jpg|thumb|Darasa nchini Kongo,JKK]] [[Elimu]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo imepitia mabadiliko kutoka kwa mila za kabla ya ukoloni, utawala wa kikoloni, hadi mageuzi ya baada ya uhuru, ikionyesha [[historia]] na maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ya nchi hiyo. Kabla ya [[ukoloni]], [[elimu]] ilikuwa ya jadi na isiyo rasmi, ikitegemea mila za mdomo, mafunzo ya [[jamii|kijamii]], na ujuzi wa vitendo kama [[kilimo]], ufundi, na majukumu ya kijamii. Wakati wa utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] (mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] hadi 1960), elimu rasmi ilianzishwa hasa kupitia shule za [[wamisionari]] wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]], zikilenga kusoma na kuandika, mafundisho ya dini, na mafunzo ya ufundi. Upatikanaji wa [[elimu]] ya juu kwa Wakongo ulikuwa mdogo sana, na mfumo huo uliundwa zaidi kuhudumia mahitaji ya utawala wa kikoloni kuliko kukuza maendeleo mapana ya kielimu. Baada ya kupata uhuru mwaka 1960, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo#Serikali na Utawala|Serikali ya Kongo]] ilijitahidi kupanua na kufanya [[elimu]] iwe ya kitaifa, ili iweze kufikiwa na watu wengi na kuendana na utambulisho wa taifa pamoja na malengo ya maendeleo. Mageuzi yalileta ngazi zilizopangwa za elimu ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya [[chuo kikuu|juu]], huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha kuu ya kufunzia. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa utulivu wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], changamoto za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na vipindi vya migogoro vilizuia maendeleo endelevu. Juhudi zilifanywa kuendeleza lugha za kitaifa katika elimu ya awali na kuanzisha vyuo vikuu na taasisi za kiufundi, ingawa tofauti kati ya maeneo na makundi ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ziliendelea kuwepo. Katika kipindi cha sasa, mfumo wa [[elimu]] unajumuisha miaka sita ya elimu ya msingi, ikifuatiwa na elimu ya sekondari na ya juu, ikiwemo [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] na taasisi maalumu. [[Serikali]] imeanzisha sera kama elimu ya msingi bila malipo ili kuongeza idadi ya wanafunzi wanaojiunga na shule, lakini changamoto bado zipo, zikiwemo madarasa yenye msongamano mkubwa, uhaba wa [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa [[mwalimu|walimu]] wenye mafunzo ya kutosha, na athari za migogoro inayoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo. Licha ya changamoto hizi, elimu bado inaonekana kuwa nguzo muhimu ya maendeleo ya taifa, huku mageuzi yanayoendelea na msaada wa kimataifa yakilenga kuboresha upatikanaji, ubora, na usawa katika nchi nzima. == Watu Mashuhuri== * 1. [[Patrice Lumumba]] – Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa DRC na shujaa wa ukombozi wa taifa, aliuawa mwaka 1961. *2. [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] – Rais wa DRC kutoka 1965 hadi 1997, aliyeongoza kwa mtindo wa kiimla na kubadili jina la nchi kuwa Zaire. *3. [[Koffi Olomide]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1956. * 4. [[Fally Ipupa]] – Mwanamuziki wa kisasa maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1977. * 5. [[Joseph Kabila]] – Rais wa nne wa DRC (2001–2019), alichukua madaraka baada ya kuuawa kwa baba yake Laurent-Désiré Kabila. * 6. [[Franco Luambo]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu na kiongozi wa bendi ya TPOK Jazz, aliyeathiri muziki wa DRC na Afrika kwa ujumla. * 7. [[Dikembe Mutombo]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu aliyejulikana kimataifa, alizaliwa mwaka 1966. * 8. [[Serge Ibaka]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa DRC anayejulikana duniani, alizaliwa mwaka 1989. * 9. [[Julienne Lusenge]] – Mtetezi wa haki za wanawake na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Haki za Binadamu 2023. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin|30em}} * Clark, John F., ''The African Stakes of the Congo War'', 2004. * {{cite book| last=Devlin| first=Larry| authorlink=Larry Devlin| title=Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67| url=https://archive.org/details/chiefofstationco0000devl| publisher=PublicAffairs| location=New York| year=2007| isbn=978-1-58648-405-7}}. * Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark, ''The Wild Highway'', 2005. * Edgerton, Robert, ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' 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ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp.&nbsp;147 – 205, ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2; Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent'', First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9. * Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges, ''The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History'', 2002. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''Congo Journey'', 1996. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo'', 1998. * Prunier, Gérard, ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe'', 2011 (also published as ''From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa''). * Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo. ''The Congo: Plunder and Resistance'', 2007. ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4. * Reyntjens, Filip, ''The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 '', 2009. * Rorison, Sean, ''Bradt Travel Guide: Congo&nbsp; — Democratic Republic/Republic'', 2008. * Schulz, Manfred. ''Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur'', Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German) ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1. * Stearns, Jason: ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'', Public Affairs, 2011. * Tayler, Jeffrey, ''Facing the Congo'', 2001. * Turner, Thomas, ''The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality'', 2007. * [[David Van Reybrouck|Van Reybrouck]], David, ''Congo: The Epic History of a People'', 2014 * Wrong, Michela, ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo''. {{refend}} * Osman, Mohamed Omer Guudle(November,2011) Africa: A rich Continent where poorest people live, The Case of DR Congo and the exploitation of the World Market == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |date=20150402133833 }} from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|cg|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm |date=20080727023932 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Congo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the}} * {{Wikiatlas|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues] * {{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources |publisher=Stanford University |location=USA |editor=Karen Fung |accessdate=2015-09-12 |archivedate=2014-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004102743/http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html }} {{Hoja Kuhusu Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 8smczj4uxzoov18ozyuni9k1kas64rw 1549000 1548983 2026-05-23T11:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|JKK|nchi jirani|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | jina_asili = République démocratique du Congo (Kifaransa) | bendera = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Justice – Paix – Travail" (Haki – Amani – Kazi) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Debout Congolais" (Simameni Wakongo) </br>[[File:Debout Congolais.ogg]] | ramani = COD orthographic.svg | ramani2 =Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la JKK katika dunia | maelezo_ramani2 = JKK katika [[Afrika]] | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Kinshasa]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] <ref>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | lugha2 = [[Kiswahili]], [[Lingala]], [[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] <ref name="UNDRC">{{cite web |title=Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CD/languages |website=Ethnologue |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_dini = 2024 <ref name="United States Department of State 2022"/> | dini = {{Plainlist| *95.4% [[Ukristo]] *2.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.5% [[Uislamu]] *0.5% others / none }} | uraia = ''Mkongo'' </br> ''Wakongo'' | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Félix Tshisekedi]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = [[Judith Suminwa]] | bunge = Bunge la Kitaifa (Seneti na Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]''' | tukio1 = [[Dola Huru la Kongo]] | tukio1_tarehe = 1895 - 1908 | tukio2 = Uhuru | tukio2_tarehe = 30 Juni 1960 <ref name="cia.gov"/> | eneo_jumla = 2,345,409 | maji = 3.32% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 124,388,160 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population (2025)|website=Worldometer|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175204/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-congo-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 48 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $200.76 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,881 <ref name="auto"/> | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = {{increase}} $79.120 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $742 <ref name="auto"/> | hdi = {{Ongezeko}} 0.522 <ref name="UNHDR"/> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 171 | gini = 42.1 <ref name=gini/> | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) | majira_saa = +1 hadi UTC+2 (WAT na CAT) | tld = .cd | msimbo_simu = 243 }} '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' ([[kifupi]]: JKK; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République démocratique du Congo''; pia '''Kongo-Kinshasa''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], inayopakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kaskazini, [[Sudan Kusini]] kaskazini-mashariki, [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] mashariki, [[Tanzania]] kusini-mashariki, [[Zambia]] kusini, na [[Angola]] kusini-magharibi. Mnamo 2024, Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 110, na kuwa nchi ya 15 kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idadi ya Watu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Benki Kuu ya Dunia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD |website=www.data.worldbank.org|accessdate=2025-08-28|lang=en}}</ref> [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi ni [[Kinshasa]], ambalo pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. JKK imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] 26 na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] kwa eneo na ina [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[rasilmali]] za [[asili]], hasa [[madini]] kama vile [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. Licha ya utajiri huo, IKK kwa muda mrefu imekumbwa na hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] isiyo thabiti, migogoro, na maendeleo duni. Sehemu kubwa ya matatizo hayO yanatokana na [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ubelgiji]], uliomalizika [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na kufuatiwa na [[Mwongo|miongo]] kadhaa ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], hasa chini ya [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Tangu mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]], nchi imepitia mfululizo wa migogoro, ikiwemo [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo|Vita vya Kwanza]] (1996-1997) na [[vita vya Pili vya Kongo|vya Pili vya Kongo]] (1998-2003), ambavyo vilihusisha nchi jirani kadhaa na kusababisha janga lililoathiri mamilioni ya watu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.warchild.org.uk/history-democratic-republic-congo-drc|publisher=Warchild|website=6 www.warchild.org.uk|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo: Colonialism , Civil War and Conflict|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/History|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> [[Mto Kongo]], ambao ni [[mto]] wa pili kwa [[urefu]] barani [[Afrika]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo River|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-River|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-06}}</ref>, unapita katikati ya nchi na ni njia muhimu ya usafirishaji, inayosaidia [[biashara]] na jamii za wenyeji. JKK ina [[Msitu|misitu]] mikubwa ya [[mvua]], ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Bonde]] la Kongo, ambalo ni msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa wa mvua wa [[Tropiki|kitropiki]] duniani baada ya [[msitu wa Amazon]]. Mifumo hiyo ya [[ekolojia]] ni muhimu sana duniani kwa utofauti wa viumbe na udhibiti wa [[hali ya hewa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Introduction to the General Geography of the DRC|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-41065-9_1|website=www.springer.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> Aina mbalimbali za [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nchini zinaonekana kupitia zaidi ya [[Kabila|makabila]] 200 na [[lugha]] nyingi, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Licha ya changamoto hizo, JKK inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na uhifadhi wa mazingira. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inaendeshwa kama [[Serikali ya Kirais|jamhuri ya nusu-urais]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaotegemea Katiba iliyopitishwa mwaka 2006 baada ya kipindi cha mpito kilichofuata [[Vita vya Pili vya Kongo]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-congo/Government-and-society |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Government and Society |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na kamanda mkuu wa majeshi ya ulinzi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yapo chini ya Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), na [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS). <ref name="AU_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/democratic_republic_congo |title=Member State Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kiuchumi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inategemea sana uchimbaji [[madini]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa na baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya kobalti pamoja na hifadhi kubwa za [[shaba]], [[almasi]], lithiamu, na madini mengine ya kimkakati muhimu kwa sekta za teknolojia na nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview |title=The World Bank in DRC: Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] pia kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mazao kama muhogo, mahindi, ndizi za kupika, kahawa, na mafuta ya mawese yakizalishwa katika maeneo mbalimbali. Changamoto za [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa usalama katika majimbo ya mashariki, na maendeleo madogo ya viwanda zinaendelea kuathiri ukuaji wa uchumi, ingawa nchi hiyo bado ina umuhimu mkubwa wa kimkakati kutokana na maliasili zake, uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji, na nafasi yake ya kati ndani ya Afrika. <ref name="WFB_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#economy |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jina == Jina ''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo'' linaakisi mfumo wa kisiasa wa nchi hiyo pamoja na utambulisho wake wa kijiografia katika eneo la Kongo la [[Afrika ya Kati]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC"/> Neno ''Kongo'' linatokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]], dola yenye nguvu ya kabla ya ukoloni iliyokuwepo kando ya [[Mto Kongo]] wa chini na iliyochangia sana historia ya awali ya eneo hilo. <ref name="UNESCO_Kongo">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/102/ |title=Mbanza Kongo, Mabaki ya Mji Mkuu wa Ufalme wa zamani wa Kongo |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hii mara nyingi hufupishwa kama ''DRC'' na pia hujulikana kama ''Kongo-Kinshasa'' ili kuitofautisha na nchi jirani ya magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] (Kongo-Brazzaville). <ref name="BBC_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |title=Wasifu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Jina la sasa lilipitishwa rasmi mwaka 1997 baada ya kuanguka kwa utawala wa Mobutu, likichukua nafasi ya jina la awali ''Zaire'', lililotumika kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997. <ref name="WFB_DRC"/> == Jiografia == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa eneo barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na takribani kilomita za mraba 2,345,409. Iko katika [[Afrika ya Kati]] na inapakana na nchi tisa: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na [[Angola]]. Pia ina ukanda mwembamba wa pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], unaotoa njia ndogo ya kuingia baharini. ===Topografia na mandhari=== [[File:Congo Kinshasa Topography.png|thumb|200px|Topografia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]] JKK ina mandhari mbalimbali na tata ikijumuisha: * '''Bonde la Mto Kongo''': Katikati ya nchi kuna Bonde la Kongo, eneo kubwa la chini lililofunikwa na msitu mnene wa mvua wa kitropiki na linalopitiwa na **Mto Kongo**, mto wa pili kwa urefu Afrika. Bonde hili lina msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa duniani baada ya Amazon. * '''Uwanda wa Kati''': Unaouzunguka bonde kuna uwanda wa juu wenye urefu wa kati ya mita 500 hadi 1,000. Eneo hili hubadilika kutoka msitu hadi savana. * '''Milima''': Mashariki, ardhi inapanda kwa kasi na kutengeneza [[Milima ya Bonde la Ufa la Albertine]], sehemu ya tawi la magharibi la Mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Sehemu hii ina [[Mlima Stanley]], mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ukiwa na urefu wa mita 5,109 (futi 16,763), ulioko kwenye [[Milima ya Rwenzori]] mpakani na Uganda. * '''Eneo la Maziwa Makuu''': Mashariki mwa DRC inapakana na baadhi ya maziwa makuu ya Afrika kama vile [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], [[Ziwa Kivu]], [[Ziwa Edward]], na [[Ziwa Albert]]. Maziwa haya yako katika bonde la ufa na huchangia katika shughuli za volkeno na mitetemeko ya ardhi. ===Maji na Mifumo ya Mito=== [[File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg|thumb|200px|Mito nchini JKK]] Mto Kongo ndiyo njia kuu ya maji nchini. Unapita katikati ya JKK kwa mduara mkubwa na unavukika katika baadhi ya sehemu, hivyo kuwa njia muhimu ya usafiri. Mito mikuu inayotoa maji katika Mto Kongo ni pamoja na [[Mto Ubangi]], [[Mto Kasai]], na [[Mto Lualaba]]. Mfumo huu wa mito una viumbe wengi wa majini na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji. Nchi pia ina maeneo mengi ya mabwawa, vinamasi, na njia za ndani za maji, na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye maji mengi zaidi Afrika. ===Hali ya Hewa=== JKK ina hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini hali hubadilika kulingana na maeneo: * ''Hali ya hewa ya Ikweta'': Eneo la kati lina joto na unyevunyevu mwingi na mvua nyingi mwaka mzima. * ''Hali ya hewa ya mvua na kiangazi'': Kaskazini na kusini kuna misimu ya mvua na kiangazi. * ''Hali ya hewa ya milimani'': Nyanda za juu mashariki zina joto la chini na hali tofauti kutokana na mwinuko mkubwa. Mvua ya kila mwaka inaweza kuzidi milimita 2,000 katika maeneo ya misitu, huku savana ikiwa na mvua chache zaidi. ===Rasilimali asilia na bioanuwai === JKK ina utajiri mkubwa wa [[rasilimali]] [[uasilia|asilia]] kama vile [[shaba]], [[kobalti]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. [[Msitu|Misitu]] ya nchi hii ni makazi ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] mbalimbali kama [[bonobo]], [[okapi]], [[sokwe]], na [[tembo]]. Maeneo kadhaa yamelindwa kama mbuga za [[mnyama|wanyama]], zikiwemo za [[hifadhi ya Virunga|Virunga]] na [[Salonga]], ambazo ni maeneo ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]]. ===Changamoto za mazingira=== Licha ya utajiri wa kiekolojia, JKK inakumbwa na changamoto nyingi za mazingira: * Ukataji miti ovyo * Uchimbaji haramu wa madini * Uwindaji haramu na uharibifu wa makazi ya viumbe * Uchafuzi wa mazingira kutokana na uchimbaji * Madhara ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} ===Historia ya kale=== [[Picha:KingdomKongo1711.png|thumb|Ufalme wa Kongo mnamo mwaka 1700]] Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na ya [[Wabilikimo]]. Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Jina la Kongo lahusiana na [[mto Kongo]] unaopitia nchi yote. Mnamo [[karne ya 15]], wakati [[wapelelezi]] wa kwanza [[Wareno]] walipofika kwenye pwani za Afrika, [[milki]] kubwa katika nchi ya Kongo ya magharibi pamoja na [[Angola]] ya kaskazini ilikuwa [[Ufalme wa Kongo]]. Wakati wa uenezaji mkuu ufalme huu ulianza kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Atlantiki na kuendelea hadi [[mto Kwango]] kwenye mashariki, halafu maeneo kutoka [[Pointe-Noire]] (leo: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], upande wa kaskazini ya [[Cabinda]]) upande wa kaskazini hadi [[mto Loje]] (leo: mji wa [[Ambriz]]) katika kusini. Mtawala alikuwa na [[cheo]] cha [[Manikongo]] na ufalme uligawiwa kwa majimbo sita. Baada ya kufika kwa Wareno wafalme na matabaka ya juu walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Ufalme uliporomoka kutokana na vita vilivyosababishwa na [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kuingilia kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] ya [[watumwa]] katika [[siasa]] ya ndani. Hata hivyo, [[nasaba]] za watawala waliotumia cheo cha "Awenekongo" waliendelea kukaa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa kale M'banza-Kongo (iliyobadilishwa jina kuitwa San Salvador) hadi mwaka [[1914]] ambako Wareno walifuta mabaki ya [[uhuru]] na kufanya eneo lililobaki sehemu kamili ya koloni lao la Angola. Upande wa Mashariki, [[Washi]] walikuwa na ufalme wenye nguvu katika [[karne ya 17]] hadi [[karne ya 19]], chini ya Mwami Kabare. Baadaye, ufalme huo uligawanyika katika madola madogo kama: Kabare, Walungu, Mwenga na Kalehe. Upande wa [[kusini]], kuanzia karne ya 17, kulikuwa na [[ufalme]] ulioitwa [[Dola la Kazembe]]. === Koloni binafsi la mfalme kuwa koloni la Ubelgiji === [[Picha:MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Picha za watoto waliokatwa mikono kama [[adhabu]] chini ya Leopold II zilienea na kusababisha madai ya kumwondolea utawala wa Kongo.]] Nchi jinsi ilivyo ilianzishwa kama [[Dola huru la Kongo]] likiwa [[mali]] binafsi ya [[mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]]. [[Historia]] yake ni ya [[aibu]] na ya [[ukatili]] kupindukia. Utawala wa mfalme ulionekana kuwa wa kinyama na upinzani dhidi yake ulikua katika nchi nyingi za dunia. Hatimaye alipaswa kukabidhi koloni lake binafsi mikononi mwa serikali ya Ubelgiji iliyomlipa [[fidia]] kwa mali aliyoacha. Kati ya mwaka [[1908]] hadi [[1960]] ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ubelgiji]] kwa jina la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] baada ya kuhamishiwa mikononi mwa [[serikali]] ya Ubelgiji. Katika miaka [[1925]] hadi [[1946]] maeneo ya [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] yalitawaliwa kama sehemu za Kongo ya Kibelgiji. === Siasa ya wakoloni === Wabelgiji walijitahidi kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wenyeji baada ya miaka mibaya ya Leopold II. Nia ilichelewa kuonekana hali halisi kwa sababu utaratibu wa kulazimisha Waafrika kufanyia kazi kampuni na shirika kubwa iliendelea hata bila [[idhini]] ya serikali mpya ukadai vifo vingi. Kwenye uwanja wa [[elimu]], [[matibabu]] na [[mawasiliano]] [[jitihada]] za siasa mpya zilionekana zaidi. Kongo ilikuwa kati ya nchi chache ambako lugha za kienyeji zilifundishwa [[Shule|shuleni]] kwa sababu shule nyingi ziliendshwa na [[wamisionari]]. Kwa upande mwingine [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliwaruhusu Waafrika wachache sana kufikia ngazi za juu za elimu. Makampuni makubwa ya [[mgodi|migodi]] kama vile "Société Générale" na "Union Minière du Haut Katanga" yalichimba [[madini]] hasa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]]. Makampuni hayo yalikuwa na athira kubwa. Katanga ilikuwa maarufu kwa [[shaba]] iliyochimbwa huko. halafu pia kwa [[uranium]] iliyotumiwa kwa [[bomu la kinyuklia|mabomu ya kwanza ya kinyuklia]] ya [[Marekani]] mwaka [[1945]]. === Upinzani === Baada ya [[unyama]] wa miaka ya Leopold II upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa hafifu. Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1920]] Wakongo wengi walionyesha upinzani huo katika mahudhurio katika madhehebu mapya ya wafuasi wa [[Simon Kimbangu]] yaliyopigwa marufuku na Wabelgiji kuanzia mwaka [[1926]]. Tangu mwaka [[1950]] upinzani uliongezeka na kuonyesha pia uso wa kisiasa. Wabelgiji ambao hawakujiandaa kwa madai hayo yalipaswa kukubali [[uchaguzi]] wa halmashauri za vijiji na miji mwaka [[1957]]. Mwaka [[1958]] vyama vya kisiasa vilikubaliwa. [[Harakati]] mbili muhimu kati ya hivi zilikuwa Abako (Alliance de Bakongo) chini ya [[Joseph Kasavubu]] na MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) chini ya [[Patrice Lumumba]]. Mwaka [[1959]] mkutano wa wanasiasa Wakongo ulidai [[uhuru]] wa nchi. === Mwisho wa koloni na uhuru === Wabelgiji walijaribu kuchelewesha harakati hizo lakini baada ya kutambua matatizo serikali ya Ubelgiji ilitangaza mnamo Januari [[1960]] kuwa uchaguzi utaendeshwa haraka na baada ya miezi sita Wabelgiji watakabidhi nchi kwa wenyeji. [[Chama]] cha Patrice Lumumba kilishinda kwa [[kura]] nyingi naye akawa kiongozi wa kwanza wa nchi huru kama [[waziri mkuu]]. Koloni la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] lilipata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[30 Juni]] [[1960]]. Kati ya [[27 Oktoba]] [[1971]] na [[17 Mei]] [[1997]], chini ya utawala wa [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu]], nchi ilijulikana kwa jina la "[[Zaire]]". Leo hii ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Mikoa == {{Main|Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Image:Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo - 2005.svg|thumb|left|350px|Mikoa 25 na [[mji mkuu]] [[Kinshasa]].]] <br clear="left"/> Nchi imegawiwa katika mikoa 26 kadiri ya [[Katiba]] mpya ([[2006]]) na utekelezaji wake wa mwaka [[2015]]. {| style="background:transparent;" | <!----First column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 1. || [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kinshasa]] |- | 2. || [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati|Kongo Kati]]{{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Matadi]] |- | 3. || [[Mkoa wa Kwango|Kwango]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kenge (Kwango)|Kenge]] |- | 4. || [[Mkoa wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kikwit]] |- | 5. || [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe|Mai-Ndombe]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Inongo]] |- | 6. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï|Kasaï]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Luebo]] |- | 7. || [[Mkoa wa Lulua|Lulua]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kananga]] |- | 8. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï Mashariki|Kasaï Mashariki]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | 9. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami|Lomami]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kabinda (Lomami)|Kabinda]] |- | 10. || [[Mkoa wa Sankuru|Sankuru]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lodja]] |- | 11. || [[Mkoa wa Maniema|Maniema]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kindu]] |- | 12. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bukavu]] |- | 13. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Goma]] |} | <!----Second column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 14. || [[Mkoa wa Ituri|Ituri]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bunia]] |- | 15. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu|Uele Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Isiro]] |- | 16. || [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kisangani]] |- | 17. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini|Uele Chini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Buta]] |- | 18. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini|Ubangi Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gbadolite]] |- | 19. || [[Mkoa wa Mongala|Mongala]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lisala]] |- | 20. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini|Ubangi Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gemena]] |- | 21. || [[Mkoa wa Équateur|Équateur]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbandaka]] |- | 22. || [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Boende]] |- | 23. || [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kalemie]] |- | 24. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu|Lomami Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kamina]] |- | 25. || [[Mkoa wa Lualaba|Lualaba]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kolwezi]] |- | 26. || [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Katanga Juu]] {{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lubumbashi]] |} |} ==Demografia== [[File:Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|thumb|Piramidi ya Idadi ya watu ya DRC (JKK)]] '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (DRC), ni taifa la nne kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu barani [[Afrika]], likikadiria kuwa na watu takriban milioni 109.3 mwaka 2023<ref name="demografia">{{Rejea habari|title=Demografia za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=en}}</ref>Ina muundo wa kundi la vijana, ambapo takriban 46% ya watu wake wako chini ya umri wa miaka 15 na umri wa wastani ni miaka 16.5. Nchi hii ina kiwango kikubwa cha uzazi, ambapo kila mwanamke anazaa watoto wastani 6.05, na kiwango cha kuzaliwa ni 40.08 kwa watu 1,000<ref name="demografia"/>. Miaka ya kuishi unakadiriwa kuwa miaka 61.83, ambapo wanawake wanaishi zaidi (miaka 63.69) kuliko wanaume (miaka 60.03). Idadi ya watu wa DRC ni mchanganyiko wa makabila, ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250, ikiwemo [[Waluba]], [[Wamongo]], na [[Wakongo]]. Mji mkubwa na mkuu ni [[Kinshasa]] ===Kabila=== Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni miongoni mwa nchi zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[kabila|makabila]] barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250 yaliyosambaa kote katika eneo lake kubwa. Makabila makuu ni pamoja na [[Waluba]], wanaoishi hasa katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]] na [[Mkoa wa Katanga|Katanga]]; [[Wakongo]], wanaopatikana kandokando ya mto Kongo wa chini; na [[Wamongo]], wanaoishi katika bonde la katikati. Kwa pamoja, makabila hayo matatu yanachangia takribani asilimia 45 ya idadi ya watu nchini. [[File:Danses et chants folkloriques des Peuples Autochtones Pygmées de la RDC.jpg|thumb|Ngoma za kiasili na nyimbo za Wabilikimo nchini.]] Makundi mengine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Mangbetu]] na [[Wazande]] kaskazini mashariki, pamoja na jamii za [[Watutsi]] na [[Wahutu]] mashariki mwa nchi, ambazo zina uhusiano wa mpakani na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Wakongo wengi ni sehemu ya familia pana ya lugha za Bantu, ingawa kuna pia wachache wanaozungumza lugha za Kiniloti, pamoja na vikundi vidogo vya Wabilikimo wanaoishi katika misitu. Mchanganyiko huo mkubwa wa kikabila umeunda utajiri wa maisha ya kitamaduni nchini, lakini pia umekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa, hususan katika mikoa ya [[mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]]. === Lugha === [[Picha:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|300px|Maeneo ya lugha za taifa za Kongo.]] [[Kifaransa]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Ilikuwa lugha ya utawala ya koloni ikaendelea kutumiwa kama lugha isiyoelekea upande wowote kati ya ma[[kabila]], [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za nchi hii.Lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]] iliyotumiwa na Wabelgiji pamoja na Kifaransa katika utawala haitumiki tena. Kwa jumla kuna takriban lugha 242, hasa [[lugha za Kibantu]], zinazozungumzwa nchini (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|orodha ya lugha]]). Kati yake, lugha 4 zinatambuliwa kama [[lugha za kitaifa]], nazo ni: [[Kikongo]] ([[Kituba]]), [[Kingala (Kongo)]], [[Kiluba]] (''Tshiluba'') na [[Kiswahili]]. Wakati wa ukoloni lugha hizo nne za kitaifa ziliwahi kutumiwa kieneo katika [[shule za msingi]].[[Kingala]] kilikuwa lugha rasmi ya [[jeshi]] la kikoloni lililoitwa "[[Force Publique]]" chini ya utawala wa Ubelgiji likaendelea kuwa lugha ya jeshi la jamhuri baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu [[mapinduzi]] ya [[1997]] sehemu za jeshi, hasa [[mashariki]], hutumia pia Kiswahili.Takriban 47% wanatumia Kifaransa kama [[lugha ya kwanza]] au [[lugha ya pili]]. === Dini === [[File:Kisantu kathedraal 2.JPG|thumb|Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Cathedral, Kisantu]] {{Chati ya duara | caption= | label1 = [[Ukristo]] | value1 = 95.4 | color1= green | label2 = [[Dini za jadi]] | value2 = 2.6 | color2= red | label3 = [[Uislamu]] | value3 = 1.5 | color3= pink | label4 = Dini nyingine | value4 = 0.5 | color4= yellow }} Asilimia 95 ya watu katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni [[Wakristo]], huku [[Kanisa Katoliki]] likiwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kihistoria na kijamii nchini. Asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni [[Wakatoliki]], na 48.1% ni [[Waprotestanti]], wakiwemo wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama vile [[Wapentekoste]], [[Baptisti|Wabaptisti]] na [[Waanglikana]]. [[Uislamu]] unafuata kwa karibu 2% ya watu, na wafuasi wake wengi wanapatikana katika [[mkoa wa Maniema]] na maeneo ya mijini. Aidha, kuna idadi ndogo ya watu wanaofuata [[dini za jadi]] [[dini asilia za Kiafrika|za Kiafrika]] pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] wachache na [[Uhindu|Wahindu]]<ref name="dini">{{Cite Web|title=Dini katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|website=www.state.gov|accessdate=2025-08-26|lang=sw|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref>. ===Miji Mikubwa=== {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | stat_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511000300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://populationstat.com/africa/ |title=Africa Population (2022) |website=populationstat.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032905/https://populationstat.com/africa/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | div_name = Mkoa | city_1 = Kinshasa | div_1 = Kinshasa | pop_1 = 15,628,000 | city_2 = Mbuji-Mayi | div_2 = Kasai Mashariki | pop_2 = 2,765,000 | city_3 = Lubumbashi | div_3 = Haut-Katanga{{!}}Haut-Katanga | pop_3 = 2,695,000 | city_4 = Kisangani | div_4 = Tshopo | pop_4 = 1,640,000 | city_5 = Kananga | div_5 = Kasai ya Kati | pop_5 = 1,593,000 | city_6 = Mbandaka | div_6 = Équateur{{!}}Équateur | pop_6 = 1,188,000 | city_7 = Bukavu | div_7 = Kivu Kusini | pop_7 = 1,190,000 | city_8 = Tshikapa | div_8 = Kasai{{!}}Kasaï | pop_8 = 1,024,000 | city_9 = Bunia | div_9 = Ituri{{!}}Ituri | pop_9 = 768,000 | city_10 = Goma | div_10 = Kivu Kaskazini | pop_10 = 707,000 }} === Afya=== [[File:SECRETARY-GENERAL’S VISIT TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (48710365336).jpg|thumb|200px|Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres akitembelea kituo cha matibabu cha Ebola cha Mangina]] [[Afya]] nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) inakabiliwa na udhaifu mkubwa wa mfumo wa huduma za [[afya]], hali inayozuia wananchi kufikia kiwango cha [[huduma]] bora. Ingawa baadhi ya maendeleo yameonekana, kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha vifo vya mama wa kujifungua kutoka vifo 934 kwa kila vizazi 100,000 mwaka 2000 hadi 427 mwaka 2023, changamoto kubwa bado zipo. Vifo vya watoto chini ya miaka mitano viko juu, vikiwa watoto 73 kwa kila vizazi 1000 hai mwaka 2022, na kiwango cha vifo vya watoto wachanga kilikuwa 45 kwa kila vizazi 1,000. Lishe duni inakabili takriban asilimia 69 ya watoto, huku asilimia 43 ya watoto wakiwa na udumavu<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Is stunting in children under five associated with the state of vegetation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?|publisher=National Institute of Health|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9937978/|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|lang=en}}</ref>. Malaria huchangia kwa kiasi kikubwa vifo vya watoto, na JKK (DRC) ikiwa nafasi ya pili duniani kwa idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa. Migogoro ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], upungufu wa [[miundombinu]] ya [[afya]], na ufadhili mdogo vinaendelea kuathiri vibaya hali ya afya ya wananchi. == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa ukuaji wa haraka na changamoto kubwa za [[jamii|kijamii]]. Mwaka 2023, [[uchumi]] wa taifa hili ulikua kwa asilimia 8.6, ukiendeshwa hasa na sekta ya [[madini]] ila ulikuwa kwa asilimia 6.7 2024<ref name="uchumi">{{Rejea habari|title=Takwimu za Uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource,GrossDomesticProduction&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=datacommons.org|lang=en}}</ref>. [[Pato la Taifa]] kwa kila raia lilifikia takriban dola bilioni 70.75<ref name="uchumi"/>, huku takriban asilimia 73.5 ya wananchi wakiishi kwa chini ya dola 2.15 kwa siku<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Economic Overview of DRC|publisher=World Bank|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.worldbank.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Sekta ya madini inachangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya [[maduhuli|mauzo ya nje]], na bidhaa kuu ni [[shaba]] na [[kobalti]], huku kilimo kikiingiza takriban asilimia 17.4 ya [[Pato la Taifa]] na kuajiri asilimia 55.1 ya nguvu kazi. ===Sekta ya Madini=== '''Sekta ya madini''' ndiyo nguzo kuu ya uchumi wa JKK (DRC), ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya mapato ya kigeni. Taifa hili ndilo mzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kobalti]] duniani, likichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya uzalishaji wa kimataifa<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Rampant cobalt smuggling and corruption deny billions to DRC|publisher=issafrica|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/rampant-cobalt-smuggling-and-corruption-deny-billions-to-drc|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Vilevile, DRC ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[shaba]], [[dhahabu]], [[almasi]], ''tin'', ''tungsten'', na ''tantalum''. Uchimbaji unafanyika kwa njia za viwandani, kati, na za kijadi, ingawa hizi za kijadi zinakabiliwa na changamoto za usalama, utawala duni, na utumiaji wa watoto katika kazi za madini. ===Kilimo na Miundombinu=== [[Kilimo]] ni sekta muhimu katika uchumi wa DRC, ingawa kinakabiliwa na changamoto za miundombinu duni na usalama. Uzalishaji wa [[chakula]] unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu, na upatikanaji wa [[chakula]] bora ni mdogo, hasa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na migogoro. Kwa jumla, ingawa JKK (DRC) ina rasilimali nyingi, changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[usalama|kiusalama]], na ukosefu wa [[miundombinu]] vinapunguza uwezo wa wananchi kufaidika kikamilifu na ukuaji wa uchumi. == Siasa na Utawala== [[File:Tshisekedi (46615782065) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Rais wa DRC]] [[Serikali]] ya '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) inajumuisha mfumo wa utawala wa [[rais]], ambapo Rais ndiye Mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Rais]] anachaguliwa kwa njia ya kura ya moja kwa moja kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano, na anateua [[Waziri Mkuu]] ambaye ni kiongozi wa [[serikali]] na anawajibika kwa [[Bunge]]. Bunge la JKK (DRC) ni la mabunge mawili: [[Bunge la Taifa]] lenye viti 500 na [[Seneti]] yenye viti 108. Bunge la Taifa linachaguliwa moja kwa moja, wakati Seneti inachaguliwa na mabunge ya mikoa. Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya 2006, Rais anapaswa kugawana madaraka na [[Waziri Mkuu]] kutoka chama kikuu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]] kilichoshinda uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, katika utekelezaji, [[Rais]] mara nyingi amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi kuliko [[Waziri Mkuu]], na hii imekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Desemba 2023, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 73.47 ya kura, akimshinda mpinzani wake mkuu [[Moïse Katumbi]] aliyepata asilimia 18.32. Chama cha Rais, UDPS, kilishinda viti 454 katika Bunge la Taifa na viti 95 katika Seneti, na kuunda muungano wa kisiasa uitwao ''Umoja Takatifu wa Taifa'' (USN). Muungano huu unajumuisha vyama 24 na umeimarisha ushawishi wa [[Rais]] katika [[siasa]] za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, ushindi huu haukukubalika na baadhi ya wapinzani, na kulikuwa na malalamiko kuhusu uhalali wa uchaguzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanuliwa kwa muda wa kupiga kura kinyume cha sheria. Hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] nchini JKK (DRC) inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa za [[usalama|kiusalama]] na utawala. Katika mashariki mwa nchi, mapigano kati ya vikosi vya serikali na makundi ya waasi, kama vile [[M23]], yameendelea kusababisha machafuko na uhamaji mkubwa wa watu. Hata baada ya kutiwa saini kwa makubaliano ya amani kati ya DRC na Rwanda mnamo Juni 2025, mapigano yameendelea, na makundi ya waasi kama M23 hayakushirikishwa katika makubaliano hayo. Hali hii inaonyesha udhaifu wa [[serikali]] katika kudhibiti maeneo mengi ya nchi na kutekeleza makubaliano ya amani. Aidha, rushwa ni tatizo kubwa katika utawala wa JKK (DRC), na nchi imekuwa ikishika nafasi za chini katika viwango vya udhibiti wa rushwa duniani. Hali hii inachangia katika kudhoofisha taasisi za serikali na kuzuia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. == Elimu == [[File:DRC classroom.jpg|thumb|Darasa nchini Kongo,JKK]] [[Elimu]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo imepitia mabadiliko kutoka kwa mila za kabla ya ukoloni, utawala wa kikoloni, hadi mageuzi ya baada ya uhuru, ikionyesha [[historia]] na maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ya nchi hiyo. Kabla ya [[ukoloni]], [[elimu]] ilikuwa ya jadi na isiyo rasmi, ikitegemea mila za mdomo, mafunzo ya [[jamii|kijamii]], na ujuzi wa vitendo kama [[kilimo]], ufundi, na majukumu ya kijamii. Wakati wa utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] (mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] hadi 1960), elimu rasmi ilianzishwa hasa kupitia shule za [[wamisionari]] wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]], zikilenga kusoma na kuandika, mafundisho ya dini, na mafunzo ya ufundi. Upatikanaji wa [[elimu]] ya juu kwa Wakongo ulikuwa mdogo sana, na mfumo huo uliundwa zaidi kuhudumia mahitaji ya utawala wa kikoloni kuliko kukuza maendeleo mapana ya kielimu. Baada ya kupata uhuru mwaka 1960, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo#Serikali na Utawala|Serikali ya Kongo]] ilijitahidi kupanua na kufanya [[elimu]] iwe ya kitaifa, ili iweze kufikiwa na watu wengi na kuendana na utambulisho wa taifa pamoja na malengo ya maendeleo. Mageuzi yalileta ngazi zilizopangwa za elimu ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya [[chuo kikuu|juu]], huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha kuu ya kufunzia. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa utulivu wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], changamoto za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na vipindi vya migogoro vilizuia maendeleo endelevu. Juhudi zilifanywa kuendeleza lugha za kitaifa katika elimu ya awali na kuanzisha vyuo vikuu na taasisi za kiufundi, ingawa tofauti kati ya maeneo na makundi ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ziliendelea kuwepo. Katika kipindi cha sasa, mfumo wa [[elimu]] unajumuisha miaka sita ya elimu ya msingi, ikifuatiwa na elimu ya sekondari na ya juu, ikiwemo [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] na taasisi maalumu. [[Serikali]] imeanzisha sera kama elimu ya msingi bila malipo ili kuongeza idadi ya wanafunzi wanaojiunga na shule, lakini changamoto bado zipo, zikiwemo madarasa yenye msongamano mkubwa, uhaba wa [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa [[mwalimu|walimu]] wenye mafunzo ya kutosha, na athari za migogoro inayoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo. Licha ya changamoto hizi, elimu bado inaonekana kuwa nguzo muhimu ya maendeleo ya taifa, huku mageuzi yanayoendelea na msaada wa kimataifa yakilenga kuboresha upatikanaji, ubora, na usawa katika nchi nzima. == Watu Mashuhuri== * 1. [[Patrice Lumumba]] – Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa DRC na shujaa wa ukombozi wa taifa, aliuawa mwaka 1961. *2. [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] – Rais wa DRC kutoka 1965 hadi 1997, aliyeongoza kwa mtindo wa kiimla na kubadili jina la nchi kuwa Zaire. *3. [[Koffi Olomide]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1956. * 4. [[Fally Ipupa]] – Mwanamuziki wa kisasa maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1977. * 5. [[Joseph Kabila]] – Rais wa nne wa DRC (2001–2019), alichukua madaraka baada ya kuuawa kwa baba yake Laurent-Désiré Kabila. * 6. [[Franco Luambo]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu na kiongozi wa bendi ya TPOK Jazz, aliyeathiri muziki wa DRC na Afrika kwa ujumla. * 7. [[Dikembe Mutombo]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu aliyejulikana kimataifa, alizaliwa mwaka 1966. * 8. [[Serge Ibaka]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa DRC anayejulikana duniani, alizaliwa mwaka 1989. * 9. [[Julienne Lusenge]] – Mtetezi wa haki za wanawake na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Haki za Binadamu 2023. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin|30em}} * Clark, John F., ''The African Stakes of the Congo War'', 2004. * {{cite book| last=Devlin| first=Larry| authorlink=Larry Devlin| title=Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67| url=https://archive.org/details/chiefofstationco0000devl| publisher=PublicAffairs| location=New York| year=2007| isbn=978-1-58648-405-7}}. * Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark, ''The Wild Highway'', 2005. * Edgerton, Robert, ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' St. Martin's Press, December 2002. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://eeecon.uibk.ac.at/wopec2/repec/inn/wpaper/2007-31.pdf ''The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo''], Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31, University Innsbruck 2007. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf ''Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf |date=20110901165807 }}, Paper to be presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences", Utrecht 3–4 December 2010. * Gondola, Ch. Didier, "The History of Congo", Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. * Joris, Lieve, translated by Waters, Liz, ''The Rebels' Hour'', Atlantic, 2008. * Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard; Ehrhart, Hans Georg. Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2008. (In German) ISBN 978-3-17-020781-3. * [[Barbara Kingsolver|Kingsolver, Barbara]]. ''[[The Poisonwood Bible]]'' HarperCollins, 1998. * Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005. ''Borders, nationalism and the African state''. Boulder, Colorado and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. * Lemarchand, Reni and Hamilton, Lee; ''Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.'' Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994. * Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008. ISBN 1-59691-345-2. * [[Linda Melvern|Melvern, Linda]], ''Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community''. Verso, 2004. * Miller, Eric: "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma", 2010. ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp.&nbsp;147 – 205, ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2; Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent'', First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9. * Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges, ''The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History'', 2002. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''Congo Journey'', 1996. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo'', 1998. * Prunier, Gérard, ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe'', 2011 (also published as ''From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa''). * Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo. ''The Congo: Plunder and Resistance'', 2007. ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4. * Reyntjens, Filip, ''The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 '', 2009. * Rorison, Sean, ''Bradt Travel Guide: Congo&nbsp; — Democratic Republic/Republic'', 2008. * Schulz, Manfred. ''Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur'', Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German) ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1. * Stearns, Jason: ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'', Public Affairs, 2011. * Tayler, Jeffrey, ''Facing the Congo'', 2001. * Turner, Thomas, ''The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality'', 2007. * [[David Van Reybrouck|Van Reybrouck]], David, ''Congo: The Epic History of a People'', 2014 * Wrong, Michela, ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo''. {{refend}} * Osman, Mohamed Omer Guudle(November,2011) Africa: A rich Continent where poorest people live, The Case of DR Congo and the exploitation of the World Market == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |date=20150402133833 }} from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|cg|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm |date=20080727023932 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Congo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the}} * {{Wikiatlas|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues] * {{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources |publisher=Stanford University |location=USA |editor=Karen Fung |accessdate=2015-09-12 |archivedate=2014-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004102743/http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html }} {{Hoja Kuhusu Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] csfs2312ai0b5ymn51nsp4gdkenxsr7 0 2826 1548814 1543947 2026-05-23T05:19:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Gine-Bisau | jina_asili = República da Guiné-Bissau (Kireno) | bendera = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg | nembo = Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_(variant).svg | kauli_mbiu = "Umoja, Mapambano, Maendeleo" | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Amada" (Hii Ndio Nchi Yetu Pendwa) </br>[[File:Anthem of Guinea Bissau.webm]] | ramani = Guinea-Bissau (orthographic projection).svg | ramani2 = Location Guinea Bissau AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la Guinea-Bissau duniani | maelezo_ramani2 = Guinea-Bissau katika Afrika | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Bissau]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kireno]] | lugha2 = [[Guinea-Bissau Creole]], [[Kifula]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Mandinka language|Mandinka]], [[Pulaar language|Pulaar]] | mwaka_dini = 2020 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 46.1% [[Uislamu]] * 30.6% [[Dini za jadi]] * 18.9% [[Ukristo]] * 3% wasio na dini * 1% nyingine }} | uraia = Mgine-Bissau | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais wa Mpito / Mkuu wa Jeshi | kiongozi1 = Horta Inta-A Na Man | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = Ilídio Vieira Té | bunge = Baraza la Mpito la Kitaifa (limesitishwa Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru kutoka [[Ureno]] | tukio1 = Tangazo la uhuru | tukio1_tarehe = 24 Septemba 1973 | tukio2 = Kutambuliwa rasmi | tukio2_tarehe = 10 Septemba 1974 | eneo_jumla = 36,125 km² | maji = 22.4% | watu_kadirio = 2,080,000 | mwaka_kadirio = 2023 | msongamano = 47 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $6.620 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $3,280 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $2.270 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $1,130 | hdi = 0.514 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 174 | gini = 33.4 | mwaka_gini = 2021 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = 00:00 | tld = .gw | msimbo_simu = +245 }} '''Gine Bissau''' (rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya Gine-Bissau'''; [[Kireno]]: ''República da Guiné-Bissau'') ni nchi iliyoko [[Afrika Magharibi]] inayopakana na [[Senegal]] kaskazini, [[Guinea]] kusini-mashariki, na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina makadirio ya idadi ya watu wapatao milioni 2.2, jambo linaloifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi ndogo kwa idadi ya watu barani Afrika, na mji mkuu pamoja na mji wake mkubwa zaidi ni [[Bissau]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa imegawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na lugha rasmi ikiwa [[Kireno]]. Gine-Bissau ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya kitropiki na jiografia inayojulikana kwa nyanda za chini za pwani, mabwawa ya mikoko, misitu, na maeneo ya savana ya ndani. <ref name="WFB_GB_Geography">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#geography |title=Guinea-Bissau - World Factbook: Geography |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 11, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#geography |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nchi hiyo pia inajumuisha [[Visiwa vya Bijagós]], kundi la visiwa katika [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] vinavyojulikana kwa bioanuwai na mifumo ya ikolojia ya baharini. Mvua za msimu huathiri sana kilimo na usafiri, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini ambako miundombinu bado ni hafifu. Mito mikubwa kama [[Mto Geba]], [[Mto Cacheu]], na [[Mto Corubal]] ina nafasi muhimu katika usafiri wa ndani, uvuvi, na [[kilimo]]. <ref name="Britannica_GB_Land">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau/The-land |author=Richard J. Lobban |title=Guinea-Bissau: The Land |website=Britannica |date=April 10, 2026 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }} </ref> [[Guinea Bisau#Uchumi|Uchumi wa Gine-Bissau]] unategemea hasa kilimo, uvuvi, na biashara ndogo ndogo. Korosho ndio zao kuu la biashara la nchi hiyo na huchangia sehemu kubwa ya mapato ya [[mauzo ya nje]] pamoja na kipato cha vijijini. <ref name="AfDB_GB_Outlook">{{cite web |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/west-africa/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau-economic-outlook |title=Guinea-Bissau Economic Outlook |website=afdb.org |publisher=African Development Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mpunga, karanga, na bidhaa za mawese pia zikichangia uzalishaji wa ndani. Nchi hiyo inakabiliwa na changamoto za kiuchumi kama ukosefu wa viwanda vya kutosha, upungufu wa miundombinu, na utegemezi wa mauzo ya bidhaa ghafi. <ref name="WorldBank_GB_Overview">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guineabissau/overview |title=Guinea-Bissau Economic Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }} </ref> [[Guinea-Bisau#Historia|Kihistoria]], Gine-Bissau ilikuwa sehemu ya maeneo ya kikoloni ya [[Ureno]] katika [[Afrika Magharibi]] na baadaye ikawa kitovu cha harakati kubwa ya kupigania uhuru iliyoongozwa na Chama cha Afrika cha Uhuru wa Guinea na Cape Verde (PAIGC). <ref name="Britannica_GB_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau/History |title=History of Guinea-Bissau |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ilipata uhuru kutoka kwa [[Ureno]] mwaka 1973, ambao ulitambuliwa kimataifa mwaka 1974. Tangu uhuru, Gine-Bissau imepitia vipindi vya mara kwa mara vya kutokuwa na utulivu wa kisiasa, vikiwemo mapinduzi ya kijeshi, serikali za mpito, na changamoto za kitaasisi zilizoathiri utawala na maendeleo ya kiuchumi. <ref name="BBC_GB_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13444402 |title=Guinea-Bissau country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gine-Bissau ni jamhuri ya nusu-urais yenye [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] vya kisiasa. Rais ndiye mkuu wa nchi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa kama Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi ([[ECOWAS]]), [[Umoja wa Afrika]], Jumuiya ya Nchi Zinazozungumza Kireno (CPLP), na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. <ref name="WFB_GB_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#government |title=Guinea-Bissau - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |date=2026 |access-date=May 11, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#government |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ushirikiano wa kimataifa na upatanishi wa kikanda umechukua nafasi muhimu katika kusaidia uthabiti wa kisiasa na mipango ya maendeleo. <ref name="UN_GB_Peacebuilding">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/content/guinea-bissau |title=UN Peacebuilding in Guinea-Bissau |website=un.org |publisher=United Nations |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }} </ref> == Historia == Historia ya Guinea-Bissau inahusiana kwa karibu na maendeleo ya kihistoria ya pwani ya [[Afrika Magharibi]], ambapo jamii za awali zilipangwa katika falme ndogo na jamii za biashara. Kabla ya kuwasili kwa [[Mzungu|Wazungu]], eneo hili liliathiriwa na [[Dola la Mali]] na baadaye Shirikisho la Kaabu, ambalo lilikuwa taifa lililoongozwa na [[Wadinka]] lililotawala sehemu za Guinea-Bissau ya sasa kuanzia [[karne ya 16]] hadi 19. <ref name="Britannica_GB_History"/> Jamii hizi zilijihusisha na [[kilimo]], [[biashara]], na mipangilio ya kisiasa ya kikanda, na zilikuwa na uhusiano na mitandao ya biashara ya Afrika Magharibi ya ndani ya bara. Kuanzia [[karne ya 15]], wavumbuzi wa [[Ureno]] walifika katika pwani ya [[Afrika Magharibi]], na Guinea-Bissau polepole ikawa sehemu ya mfumo wa biashara wa [[Wareno]]. <ref name="UNESCO_GB_SlaveTrade">{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/guinea-bissau |title=Historical sites and trade in Guinea-Bissau |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 14, 2026 }}</ref> Awali biashara ilihusisha [[dhahabu]], pembe za ndovu, na watu waliokuwa wakifanywa watumwa, lakini udhibiti wa [[Wareno]] uliendelea kubaki mdogo kwenye ngome na vituo vya biashara vya pwani kwa karne nyingi, huku maeneo ya ndani yakiendelea kuwa chini ya utawala wa wenyeji wa Kiafrika. Utawala kamili wa kikoloni ulianzishwa polepole mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] wakati wa “Mgawanyo wa Afrika.” <ref name="WFB_GB_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#government |title=Guinea-Bissau: Background and History |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 14, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/#government |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika [[karne ya 20]], upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni wa Ureno uliongezeka, hasa kupitia Chama cha Kiafrika cha Uhuru wa Guinea na Cape Verde (PAIGC), kilichoongozwa na Amílcar Cabral. <ref name="Cabral_Foundation">{{cite web |url=https://www.fafcp.org/amilcar-cabral/ |title=Biography of Amílcar Cabral |website=fafcp.org |publisher=Amílcar Cabral Foundation |date=2024 |access-date=May 14, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mapambano ya muda mrefu ya silaha kwa ajili ya uhuru yalianza mwaka 1963 na kuendelea kwa zaidi ya muongo mmoja. Guinea-Bissau ilitangaza uhuru wake mwaka 1973, ambao ulitambuliwa kimataifa mwaka 1974 baada ya Mapinduzi ya Carnation nchini Ureno. <ref name="BBC_GB_Profile"/> Tangu kupata uhuru, Guinea-Bissau imekumbwa na ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa mara kwa mara, ikiwemo mapinduzi ya kijeshi, migogoro ya kiraia, na mabadiliko ya mara kwa mara ya serikali. Changamoto hizi zimeathiri maendeleo ya kiuchumi na taasisi za dola. <ref name="WorldBank_GB_Overview"/> Hata hivyo, nchi inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, ujenzi upya, na kushiriki katika mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa kama [[ECOWAS]], [[Umoja wa Afrika]], na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. <ref name="AU_GB_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/republic_guinea_bissau |title=Member State Profile: Guinea-Bissau |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 14, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jiografia == Guinea-Bisau ni kati ya nchi ndogo sana za [[Afrika]] ikiwa na eneo la [[kilomita mraba]] 36,125; takriban 22% ni [[visiwa]] na [[bahari]]. Sehemu ya [[bara]] ni [[tambarare]]. [[Funguvisiwa]] la [[Bissagos]] lenye visiwa 77 liko karibu na [[pwani]]. === Miji === [[Mji|Miji]] mikubwa zaidi ya Guinea Bisau ni: [[Bisau]] (wakazi 492,004), [[Gabú]] (wakazi 48,670), [[Bafatá]] (wakazi 37,875), [[Bissorã]] (wakazi 29,468), [[Bolama]] (wakazi 16,216) na [[Cacheu]] (14,320). == Demografia == Wakazi walikuwa 1,515,000 mwaka [[2010]], wakati walikuwa 518,000 tu mwaka [[1950]]. === Makabila === [[Waafrika]] ni 99[[Asilimia|%]]: [[Kabila|makabila]] makubwa ni [[Wabalanta]] 30%, [[Wafulbe]] 30%, [[Wamanjaca]] 14%, [[Wamandinka]] 13%, [[Wapapel]] 7%). [[Wazungu]] na [[chotara|machotara]] ni chini ya 1%. ===Lugha=== Pamoja na [[lugha]] asilia, 32.1% za wakazi wanasema [[Kireno]] ambacho ndicho [[lugha rasmi]] na 90.4% wanatumia [[Krioli]] maalumu ya Kireno ambayo ni kama [[lugha ya taifa]] inayounganisha makabila. Lugha nyingine za kigeni zinazotumika ni [[Kifaransa]] (7%), [[Kiingereza]] (2.9%) na [[Kihispania]] (0.5%) === Dini === Takriban 46.1% ni [[Waislamu]] (hasa [[Wasuni]]), 30.6% wafuasi wa [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]], 18.9% [[Wakristo]] (hasa [[Wakatoliki]]). ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya lugha za Guinea-Bisau]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin}} *Abdel Malek, K.,"Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau.",In : Bulletin de l'Association des Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N°1, Avril 1998. – pp.&nbsp;53–60 * Forrest, Joshua B., ''Lineages of State Fragility. Rural Civil Society in Guinea-Bissau'' (Ohio University Press/James Currey Ltd., 2003) * Galli, Rosemary E, ''Guinea Bissau: Politics, Economics and Society'', (Pinter Pub Ltd, 1987) * Lobban, Jr., Richard Andrew and Mendy, Peter Karibe, ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau'', third edition (Scarecrow Press, 1997) * Vigh, Henrik, ''Navigating Terrains of War: Youth And Soldiering in Guinea-Bissau'', (Berghahn Books, 2006) {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons}} *[http://www.bolama.net/pt/guine-bissau-links.html Link collection related to Guinea-Bissau on bolama.net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bolama.net/pt/guine-bissau-links.html |date=20160304115641 }} *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043287.stm Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] *{{CIA World Factbook link|pu|Guinea-Bissau}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/guineabissau.htm Guinea-Bissau] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/guineabissau.htm |date=20100611171908 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248853/Guinea-Bissau/ Guinea-Bissau] at ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Guinea-Bissau}} *{{wikiatlas|Guinea-Bissau}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=GW Key Development Forecasts for Guinea-Bissau] from [[International Futures]] ; Serikali *{{Official website|http://www.guinebissaurepublic.com/ }} *[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-g/guinea-bissau.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-g/guinea-bissau.html |date=20091026201737 }} *[http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Guinea-Bissau%20Constitution.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau] {{Wayback|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Guinea-Bissau%20Constitution.pdf |date=20110725192938 }} *[http://portuguese-american-journal.com/guinea-bissau-prime-ministers-fate-unknow-after-apparent-military-coup-west-africa/ Guinea-Bissau: Prime Minister’s fate unknown after apparent military coup – West Africa] – Portuguese American Journal *[http://www.hnkcnews.com/2014/04/12/guinea-bissau-holds-first-post-coup-election/ Guinea-Bissau Holds First Post-Coup Election] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hnkcnews.com/2014/04/12/guinea-bissau-holds-first-post-coup-election/ |date=20160626223820 }} ;Biashara *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/GNB/Year/2005/Summary Guinea-Bissau 2005 Summary Trade Statistics] ; Habari *[http://allafrica.com/guineabissau/ news headline links] from [[AllAfrica.com]] ; Afya * The State of the World's Midwifery – [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_GuineaBissau_SoWMy_Profile.pdf Guinea-Bissau Country Profile] ; Jiografia *[http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/master-thesis/ Master Thesis] {{Wayback|url=http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/master-thesis/ |date=20150804204354 }} about the developing [http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/management-and-integration-of-gi/ Geographical Information for Guinea-Bissau] {{Wayback|url=http://www.luisfilipemarques.com/site/management-and-integration-of-gi/ |date=20150802002536 }} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{CPLP}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Guinea Bisau| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kireno]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] m964yedy8kd0jt78j1xzh01cp425dvx 0 3191 1548685 1543923 2026-05-23T00:42:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | ramani2 = Eswatini-CIA WFB Map.png | ramani = Eswatini_on_the_globe_(special_marker)_(Madagascar_centered).svg | jina_rasmi = Ufalme wa Eswatini | jina_asili = ''Umbuso weSwatini'' ([[Kiswazi]])<br>''Kingdom of Eswatini'' ([[Kiingereza]]) | bendera = Flag_of_Eswatini.svg | nembo = Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Siyinqaba'' (Kiswazi)<br>"Sisi ni ngome" | wimbo = <br>''[[Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati]]''<br>"Mungu, Mpaji wa Baraka kwa Waswati" | miji_mikuu = [[Mbabane]] (serikali)<br>[[Lobamba]] (bunge) | mji_mkubwa = [[Mbabane]] | latd2 = 26 | latm2 = 19 | latNS2 = S | longd2 = 31 | longm2 = 08 | longEW2 = E | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiswati]]<br>[[Kiingereza]] | asilimia_makabila = 84 [[Waswati]]<br>10 [[Wazulu]]<br>6 wengine | ukubwa_nembo = 100 | ukubwa_bendera = 120 }} '''Eswatini''' (rasmi: '''Ufalme wa Eswatini'''; zamani '''Uswazi''') ni nchi isiyo na pwani iliyoko [[Afrika ya Kusini|Kusini mwa Afrika]], ikipakana na [[Afrika Kusini]] upande wa magharibi, kaskazini, na kusini, na [[Msumbiji]] upande wa mashariki. <ref name="Britannica_Eswatini">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eswatini |author=Zebulon G. Cele |title=Eswatini: Geography, People, and Government |website=Britannica |date=April 10, 2026 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu inayokadiriwa kuwa takriban milioni 1.2, na hivyo kuwa mojawapo ya nchi ndogo zaidi barani [[Afrika]] kwa idadi ya watu. Miji mikuu yake ni [[Mbabane]] (mji mkuu wa utawala) na [[Lobamba]] (mji mkuu wa bunge na kifalme), huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo manne na [[lugha rasmi]] zikiwa SiSwati na [[Kiingereza]]. <ref name="WFB_Eswatini_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/#geography |title=Eswatini - World Factbook: Geography and People |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 15, 2026 |archive-date=2018-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231101755/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html#geography |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eswatini ina historia iliyoundwa na uhamaji na kuungana kwa jamii za [[Wanguni]], ambazo ziliunda falme za awali katika eneo hilo. Taifa la [[Waswazi]] lilianzishwa katika [[karne ya 18]] chini ya uongozi wa Ngwane III na baadaye kuimarishwa na Mfalme Sobhuza I na Mfalme Mswati II, ambaye jina la nchi limetokana naye. <ref name="NatGeo_Eswatini_History">{{cite web |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/kingdom-eswatini/ |title=History of the Kingdom of Eswatini |website=nationalgeographic.org |publisher=National Geographic Society |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika [[karne ya 19]], ufalme huu ulikumbwa na shinikizo kutoka kwa wakoloni wa [[Makaburu]] na baadaye ushawishi wa [[Waingereza]], hali iliyosababisha vipindi vya ugawaji wa ardhi na udhibiti wa kiutawala. Eswatini iligeuzwa kuwa himaya ya [[Kiingereza]] mwaka 1903 na kupata uhuru wake mwaka 1968 chini ya Mfalme Sobhuza II, ambaye aliendelea kuifanya ufalme kuwa taasisi kuu ya utawala. <ref name="BBC_Eswatini_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14095303 |title=Eswatini country profile |website=BBC News |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi wa Eswatini ni mdogo kiasi na umeunganishwa kwa karibu na [[Afrika Kusini]], ambayo inashirikiana nayo katika [[biashara]], [[fedha]], na [[ajira]]. <ref name="IMF_Eswatini">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/SWZ |title=Eswatini and the IMF |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta kuu za kiuchumi ni [[kilimo]], [[viwanda]], na [[huduma]]. Kilimo kinajumuisha uzalishaji wa miwa, matunda ya machungwa, misitu, na kilimo cha kujikimu, huku viwanda vikijikita katika nguo, usindikaji wa sukari, na bidhaa za vinywaji kwa ajili ya mauzo ya nje. <ref name="WorldBank_Eswatini_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eswatini/overview |title=Eswatini Economic Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi pia hutegemea fedha zinazotumwa na wafanyakazi wa nje na mapato kutoka Umoja wa Forodha wa Kusini mwa Afrika (SACU), ambayo ni chanzo kikubwa cha mapato ya serikali. Utamaduni wa Eswatini umejengwa kwa kina juu ya ufalme wa jadi na mila za [[Waswazi]], ambazo zina nafasi muhimu katika utambulisho wa taifa na mpangilio wa kijamii. <ref name="Eswatini_Gov_Culture">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php/about-swaziland/culture |title=Culture and Heritage of Eswatini |website=gov.sz |publisher=Government of Eswatini |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> Matukio makuu ya kitamaduni ni pamoja na ''Umhlanga'' (Ngoma ya Matete) na sherehe za ''Incwala'', ambazo zinaonyesha mila za kifalme na ushiriki wa jamii. Idadi kubwa ya watu ni [[Waswazi]], huku SiSwati na [[Kiingereza]] zikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Kidemografia, Eswatini ina idadi ya watu vijana lakini inakabiliwa na changamoto kama ukosefu wa ajira na kiwango cha juu cha maambukizi ya VVU, hali ambayo imeathiri sera za afya ya umma na maendeleo ya kijamii. <ref name="UNAIDS_Eswatini">{{cite web |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/eswatini |title=Eswatini Country Report |website=unaids.org |publisher=UNAIDS |date=2024 |access-date=May 15, 2026 }} </ref> ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Eswatini}} Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]]. Katika [[karne]] za kwanza [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. [[Waswati]] walianzisha [[ufalme]] wao katikati ya [[karne ya 18]] chini ya [[Ngwane III]]; mipaka ya sasa ilikubalika mwaka [[1881]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya [[Waingereza]] na [[Makaburu]], Swaziland ilukuwa [[nchi lindwa]] ya [[Uingereza]] tangu mwaka [[1903]] hadi [[1967]]. Chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Sobhuza II]] aliyetawala kwa muda mrefu sana ([[1921]]-[[1982]]), Swaziland ilipata [[uhuru]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]]. ==Siasa== Eswatini inatawaliwa tangu mwaka [[1986]] na [[mfalme]] [[Mswati III]]. Mfalme anapingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu anatumia [[pesa]] nyingi kwa ajili yake binafsi ilhali wananchi ni [[maskini]] sana. Kwa muda mwingi wa [[uhuru]] wa nchi [[katiba]] imesimamishwa, na mfalme ametawala peke yake. ==Watu== [[File:A Swati Woman Dancing.jpg|thumb|righgt|Mwanamke kutoka Eswatini akicheza.]] Wakazi wengi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Waswati]] na kuongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswati]] ambacho ni [[lugha rasmi]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Shuleni kinafundishwa pia [[Kireno]]. Upande wa [[dini]], 89.3% ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, hasa [[Waprotestanti]], lakini pia [[Wakatoliki]] (5%). Wanaoendelea kufuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] ni 0.5% na [[Waislamu]] ni 1%. ==Afya== Eswatini ni kati ya nchi [[duniani]] zilizoathiriwa zaidi na [[Ukimwi]]; [[umri]] wa [[wastani]] unafikia miaka 22 pekee kwa sababu ya [[Kifo|vifo]] vingi (64%) vinavyotokana na [[ugonjwa]] huo uliopata 26% ya watu wazima wote. ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Uswazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.gov.sz/ Government of Eswatini] {{en}} * [https://www.thekingdomofeswatini.com/ The Kingdom of Eswatini – a royal experience], official Eswatini tourism website (richly illustrated) {{en}} * [http://eswatininaturereserves.com/ Eswatini National Trust Commission – Conserving Eswatini's Natural and Cultural Heritage], (very extensive descriptions of history, culture and nature) {{en}} * [http://www.biggameparks.org/ The Kingdom of Eswatini's Big Game Parks] (website about the three big game parks) {{en}} * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/ Eswatini] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/ |date=20181231101755 }} entry at [[World Fact Book]] {{en}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095303 eSwatini country profile] from the [[BBC News]] {{en}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SZ Key Development Forecasts for Eswatini] from [[International Futures]] {{en}} * [http://www.photostaud.com/africa/swaziland Photographs of Swaziland Wildlife – Hlane Royal National Park, Mkhaya Game Reserve] {{en}} {{Commons|Eswatini}} {{Wikiatlas|Eswatini}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Eswatini]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] j5lsjmcy6gcjln031q82d9p50e9ebqx 0 5264 1548970 1542392 2026-05-23T10:16:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kuhusu|nchi ya sasa|nchi ya kale tazama|Uajemi ya Kale}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Irani | jina_asili = جمهوری اسلامی ایران ''Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân'' (Kifarsi) | bendera = Flag of Iran.svg | nembo = Emblem of Iran.svg | kaulimbiu = اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ ''Allāhu Akbar'' (kisheria)<br>''Uhuru, Haki, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu'' (kiutendaji) | wimbo = ''Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân'' | ramani = Iran (orthographic projection).svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Tehran]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifarsi]] | lugha_taifa = | kiongozi1 = Nafasi Huru | kiongozi2 = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Kiongozi Mkuu | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Rais]] | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Irani|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] | tukio2 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio3 = Marekebisho ya katiba | tukio1_tarehe = 11 Februari 1979 | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Desemba 1979 | tukio3_tarehe = 28 Julai 1989 | eneo_jumla = 1,648,195 | cheo_eneo = 17 | maji = 1.63% | ardhi = | watu_kadirio = 85,961,000 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 52 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $1.698 trilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $19,607 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 95 | plt = {{increase}} $434.243 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2024 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $5,013 | cheo_plt_kawaida = 37 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 120 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.799 .</br>- {{juu}} | gini = 34.8 | mwaka_gini = 2022 | fedha = [[Rial ya Irani]] (IRR) | majira_saa = +3:30 (IRST) | udereva = Kushoto | msimbo_simu = 98 | tld = [[.ir]] }} '''Irani''' (pia '''Uajemi'''; [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Irani''', kwa [[Kifarsi]]: جمهوری اسلامی ایران) ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Asia ya Magharibi]]. Inapakana na [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], na [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] upande wa [[kaskazini]]; [[Afghanistan]] na [[Pakistan]] [[mashariki]]; [[Iraq]] na [[Uturuki]] [[magharibi]]; [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]] na [[Bahari ya Omani]] [[kusini]]. Irani ina eneo la takriban [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 1,648,195. Ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]], nchi ya sita kwa ukubwa barani pa Asia, na nchi ya kumi na saba kwa ukubwa duniani. Inakadiriwa kuwa na [[idadi]] ya watu zaidi ya [[milioni]] 90 .[[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa wa Irani ni [[Tehran]] ambao ndio pia kituo kikuu cha uchumi. Irani ina [[historia]] ndefu ya [[ustaarabu]] wa kale kama milki ya Achaemenid, [[Milki ya Wasasani|Sasani]], na imekuwa [[kitovu]] cha [[utamaduni]], [[fasihi]], na [[falsafa]] katika [[Uislamu|ulimwengu wa Kiislamu]] na kimataifa. <ref name="Britannica_Iran_Summary">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Iran |title=A brief Summary of Iran |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 10, 2026 }} </ref> Maendeleo yake ya awali yanahusisha [[Umedi|Wamedi]], [[Koreshi Mkuu]] aliyeanzisha milki ya Achaemenid, na ushindi wa [[Aleksander Mashuhuri]] katika [[karne ya 4 KK]]. Baadaye, [[Milki ya Wasasani|Wasasani]] waliifanya Irani kuwa kitovu cha ustaarabu hadi kushindwa kwao na [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] katika [[karne ya 7]]. Baada ya hapo, Irani ikawa sehemu ya ustawi wa [[Uislamu]] ambapo kulikuwa na maendeleo makubwa ya [[hisabati]], [[falsafa]], [[tiba]], na [[sanaa]]. <ref name="UNESCO_Iran_Culture">{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/countries-along-silk-road/iran-islamic-republic |title=Iran and the Silk Roads |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 10, 2026 }} </ref> Katika [[karne ya 20]], baada ya Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba (1906), Irani iligeuka kuwa ufalme wa kikatiba kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya 1979 yaliyoanzisha [[Jamhuri ya Kiislamu]] chini ya Ayatollah Khomeini. <ref name="CFR_Iran_Revolution">{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/history-behind-irans-1979-revolution |title=Iran's 1979 Revolution |website=CFR.org |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |date=2024 |access-date=May 10, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Iran ina uchumi uliogawanyika unaotegemea hidrokaboni, viwanda, [[kilimo]], na [[huduma]]. Inamiliki baadhi ya hifadhi kubwa zaidi za mafuta na gesi asilia duniani, jambo linalofanya sekta ya nishati kuwa chanzo kikuu cha mapato ya serikali na mapato ya [[mauzo ya nje]]. <ref name="OPEC_Iran">{{cite web |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/161.htm |title=Iran: Member Country Profile |website=opec.org |publisher=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }}</ref> Mbali na uzalishaji wa mafuta, Iran ina [[viwanda]] muhimu kama vile petrokemikali, utengenezaji wa magari, uchimbaji madini, uzalishaji wa chuma, na nguo. [[Kilimo]] pia bado ni muhimu katika maeneo mengi, huku mazao makuu yakijumuisha ngano, mpunga, pistachio, zafarani, na matunda. Maendeleo ya kiuchumi yameathiriwa na vikwazo vya kimataifa, mfumuko wa bei, na mabadiliko ya masoko ya nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_Iran_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran/overview |title=The World Bank in Iran: Economic Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }}</ref> Nchi hii inafanya kazi kama jamhuri ya [[Kiislamu]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaochanganya taasisi za jamhuri na uangalizi wa kidini. Kiongozi Mkuu (Supreme Leader) ana mamlaka ya juu zaidi ya kisiasa na kidini, wakati Rais anahudumu kama mkuu wa serikali na huchaguliwa kwa kura za wananchi. Iran ina bunge la chumba kimoja linalojulikana kama Bunge la Ushauri la Kiislamu (Majlis), pamoja na taasisi kama Baraza la Walinzi na Baraza la Wataalamu. <ref name="CFR_Iran_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/irans-power-structure |author=Lindsay Maizland |title=Iran's Power Structure |website=cfr.org |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |date=2024 |access-date=May 11, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nchi hii pia ni nguvu muhimu ya kikanda katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]] na ina jukumu hai katika siasa za kikanda, masoko ya nishati, na diplomasia ya kimataifa. == Historia == {{main|Uajemi ya Kale|Historia ya Irani}} ===Iran ya Kale=== Eneo la Irani ya kisasa limekuwa likiwa na wakaazi kwa maelfu ya miaka, ambapo [[ustaarabu]] wa awali kama Elam ulitokea karibu mwaka 3000 KK kusini-magharibi mwa Irani. Jamii hizi zilikuza miji changamano, mitandao ya biashara, na mifumo ya kwanza ya maandishi. Karibu [[karne ya 6 KK]], Dola la Kiajemi lilianza kudumu chini ya [[Koreshi Mkuu]], likianzisha [[Nasaba]] ya Achaemenid, ambayo ikawa moja ya milki kubwa zaidi katika historia ya kale. Dola hili lilijulikana kwa usimamizi wake makini, mitandao ya barabara pana, na kuendeleza dini ya Zoroastrian, ambayo ilichangia utamaduni, sheria, na jamii ya Kiyirani. ===Enzi za Kiislamu=== Baada ya kushuka kwa Dola la Achaemenid kwa mikono ya [[Alexander Mkuu]] mwaka 330 KK, Irani iliwekwa chini ya nasaba kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Parthia na [[Wasassanidi|Sassanid]]. Dola la Sassanidi (224–651 BK) lilikuwa dola la mwisho la [[Uajemi|Kiajemi]] kabla ya [[Uislamu]] na lilijulikana kwa mafanikio yake katika usanifu, [[sayansi]], na [[biashara]]. Katika [[karne ya 7]], majeshi ya [[Waarabu]] [[Waislamu]] yaliushinda Irani, yalileta [[Uislamu]] na kuunganisha eneo hilo na Khilafah ya Kiislamu. Katika karne zilizofuata, Irani ilidhibitiwa na dinasti mbalimbali za [[Kiislamu]], kama Safavid katika [[karne ya 16]], ambao walianzisha [[Uislamu]] wa Shi'a Twelver kama dini ya taifa na kuunda dola la Kiajemi lenye [[utamaduni]] wa kipekee na lililojikita katikati. ===Karne ya 18 - Karne ya 20=== Enzi ya Safavid iliibuka na kufuatwa na nasaba ya Qajar katika [[karne ya 18]] na [[Karne ya 19|19]], wakati Irani ikikumbana na kupoteza ardhi kwa [[Urusi]] na [[Uingereza]] na kuongezeka kwa ushawishi wa [[Ulaya]]. Mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], harakati za mageuzi ya kisiasa ziliibuka, ikiwa ni pamoja na Mapinduzi ya Katiba (1905–1911), yaliyojaribu kuanzisha mfumo wa bunge na kupunguza mamlaka ya kifalme. Baadaye, [[Reza Shah Pahlavi]] aliunda nasaba ya Pahlavi mwaka 1925, akiboresha [[miundombinu]], [[elimu]], na viwanda lakini pia akikazia utawala wa kati. Katika kipindi hiki, Irani ilipitia mabadiliko makubwa ya kijamii, maendeleo ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na kuanza kwa uchimbaji wa mafuta. ===Iran ya Kisasa === [[File:Shah's exit from Iran 01.jpg|thumb|Shah atoka Irani]] Mwaka 1979, Mapinduzi ya Kiiislamu yalifuta Ufalme wa Pahlavi na kuanzisha Jamhuri ya Kiislamu chini ya [[Ayatollah Khomeini]]. Mapinduzi hayo yalileta serikali ya [[dini|kidini]] ikiyunganisha mamlaka ya [[dini|kidini]] na taasisi za [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]]. Tangu wakati huo, Irani imepitia mabadiliko makubwa ya kisiasa, [[jamii|kijamii]], na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], ikiwa ni pamoja na Vita vya Irani-Iraki(1980–1988), vikwazo vya kimataifa, na jitihada za kuendeleza nishati ya nyuklia. Leo, Irani ni nguvu ya kikanda yenye mfumo tata wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], urithi wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]] tajiri, na changamoto zinazoendelea katika kusawazisha kisasa, maendeleo ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na thamani za [[Dini za jadi|kidini za jadi]]. == Jiografia== [[File:Iran Topography.png|thumb|Topografia ya Irani]] Irani iko katika [[Asia ya Magharibi]] na ina jiografia ya asili yenye mchanganyiko mkubwa, ikijumuisha [[mlima|milima]], [[tambarare]] za juu, [[jangwa|majangwa]], na maeneo ya [[pwani]]. Inapakana na [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], na [[Turkmenistan]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Afghanistan]] na [[Pakistani]] mashariki, pamoja na [[Uturuki]] na [[Iraki]] magharibi, huku ikiwa na pwani katika [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] upande wa kaskazini na [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]] pamoja na [[Ghuba ya Oman]] kusini. Irani ina eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba milioni 1.65, jambo linaloifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi kubwa zaidi katika eneo hilo. Eneo lake la katika [[Historia ya Irani|kihistoria]] limeifanya kuwa njia muhimu ya mawasiliano na mwingiliano kati ya [[Asia]], [[Mashariki ya Kati]], na [[Ulaya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Geography of Iran|url=https://the-lookout.org/2026/03/07/the-geography-of-iran/|publisher=The-Lookout|author=Zeke Lunder|website=www.the-lookout.org|access-date=2026-04-30}}</ref> Kimuundo wa ardhi, Irani inatawaliwa na safu za milima yenye miinuko mikubwa, hasa [[Milima ya Zagros]] upande wa magharibi na [[Milima ya Alborz]] upande wa kaskazini, ambapo [[Mlima Damavand]], kilele cha juu zaidi nchini, hufikia takriban mita 5,610. Kati ya mifumo hii ya milima kuna Tambarare ya Irani, ambayo inajumuisha mabonde makubwa ya majangwa kama Dasht-e Kavir na Dasht-e Lut. Majangwa haya ni miongoni mwa maeneo yenye ukame na joto kali zaidi duniani. Tambarare zenye rutuba hupatikana kando ya pwani ya [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] na katika baadhi ya mabonde ya mito, zikisaidia shughuli za [[kilimo]] na makazi yenye msongamano mkubwa wa watu. Irani ina [[hali ya hewa]] kwa kiasi kikubwa ya ukame hadi nusu-ukame, ikiwa na tofauti kubwa za kikanda. Maeneo ya ndani hupata majira ya joto yenye joto kali na baridi kali wakati wa majira ya baridi, ilhali eneo la pwani ya [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] lina hali ya hewa yenye unyevunyevu zaidi na mvua nyingi. Mito mikuu ya nchi ni pamoja na Karun, ambao ndio mto pekee unaoweza kupitika kwa usafiri, pamoja na mito ya Karkheh na Dez. Mito mingi ni ya msimu, na uhaba wa maji ni tatizo kubwa, hali iliyosababisha ujenzi wa mabwawa na mifumo ya umwagiliaji. Vipengele vya asili kama milima, majangwa, na pwani vina nafasi muhimu katika kuathiri makazi ya watu, kilimo, na shughuli za kiuchumi nchini Irani. == Siasa == [[Picha:Mass demonstration in Iran, date unknown.jpg|thumb|300px|Maandamano dhidi za Shah mjini Tehran, mwaka 1979]] Mfumo wa [[Siasa|kisiasa]] wa Irani una mizizi yake katika [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Irani|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya 1979]], ambayo yalibadilisha nchi kutoka kwenye [[Ufalme|kifalme]] chini ya Shah kuwa Jamhuri ya Kiislamu, hali ya mseto ya kifalme‑jamhuri (''hybrid theocratic‑republican state'') inayoongozwa na Kiongozi Mkuu mwenye mamlaka ya juu juu ya utendaji, [[jeshi]], mfumo wa sheria, na sera za kigeni. Muundo huu uliundwa ili kuunganisha halali ya [[dini|kidini]] na nguvu za [[serikali]], ukiwekea mipaka ushawishi wa ''Secular'' na kuingiza mamlaka ya makasisi katika taasisi zote kuu za utawala. Katika miongo iliyofuata, siasa za ndani za Irani zimekuwa zikizunguka kati ya makundi ya kihafidhina (''conservative'') yanayounga mkono kufuata kwa ukali kanuni za mapinduzi na wabunifu ''(reformists)'' wanaotafuta uhuru wa [[jamii|kijamii]] zaidi na uwazi, lakini yote ndani ya mipaka iliyowekwa na Kiongozi Mkuu na taasisi kama vile [[Kikosi cha Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] (IRGC). Ndani ya nchi, mienendo hii imeunda jinsi nchi inavyoshughulikia shinikizo la [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], kupinga kwa umma, na harakati za marekebisho ya [[siasa|kisiasa]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Iran Country Profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14541327|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2026-03-01}}</ref> Sera za kigeni za Irani kwa muda mrefu zimeashiria ushindani mkubwa na [[Marekani]] na [[Israeli]], unaotokana na upinzani wa theolojia dhidi ya ushawishi wa Magharibi na kuunga mkono washirika wa kikanda wanaopinga maslahi ya [[Israeli]] na [[Marekani]]. Baada ya mapinduzi, [[Tehran]] ilikatisha uhusiano wa kidiplomasia na [[Washington]] na ikachukua mtazamo wa upinzani katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambao ilijaribu kuimarisha kwa kuunga mkono makundi kama [[Hezbollah]] nchini [[Lebanon]] na milisha mbalimbali katika kanda hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Breaking Diplomatic Ties with Iran during the Hostage Crisis, 1980|url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/breaking-diplomatic-ties-iran-during-hostage-crisis-1980|publisher=Gilderlehrman|access-date=2026-03-01}}</ref> Juhudi za kudhibiti uhasama huu ikiwa ni pamoja na mazungumzo ya nyuklia kama Mpango wa Pamoja wa Kina wa 2015 (''2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action'') — mara kwa mara zimekwama, hasa baada ya Marekani kujiondoa kwenye mkataba huo mwaka 2018, na kusababisha ongezeko la vikwazo na mvutano wa [[jeshi|kijeshi]] kati ya waliosaini. Mwaka 2025, Irani na [[Israeli]] zilihusika katika mfululizo unaozidi wa mashambulio, mauaji, na migongano ya droni, zikibadilisha kutoka kwenye mapigano ya siri hadi chuki wazi juu ya mpango wa nyuklia wa Irani na nafasi yake kikanda. Migongano hii ilimalizika kwa shambulio kubwa la kijeshi lililoratibiwa mnamo 28 Februari 2026 lililofanywa na [[Marekani]] na [[Israeli]], lililojulikana kama Operesheni “Kikao cha Simba” ''Operation Lion’s Roar / Epic Fury'', linalolenga uongozi wa Irani, vituo vya kijeshi, na miundombinu ya kimkakati. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Operation Epic Fury and the Remnants of Iran’s Nuclear Program|url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/operation-epic-fury-and-remnants-irans-nuclear-program|publisher=CSIS|access-date=2026-03-01}}</ref>Mashambulio haya yameripotiwa kusababisha kifo cha Kiongozi Mkuu [[Ayatollah Ali Khamenei]] na maafisa wa ngazi ya juu, jambo lililosababisha Irani kuzindua mashambulio ya kulipiza kisasi kwa kutumia makombora na droni dhidi ya nafasi za [[Israeli]] na [[Marekani]] katika nchi za [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Hii ilibadilisha mzozo kuwa wa kiwango kisichokuwa na mfano kati ya maadui wa muda mrefu, ikipanua haraka mgongano na kudhoofisha usalama wa kikanda. Ndani ya Irani, ugumu wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] unaoimarishwa na vikwazo na machafuko ya awali umeongeza hasira za umma na kuimarisha mgawanyiko wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], huku kupotea kwa Kiongozi Mkuu kwa namna isiyokuwa ya kawaida kukiingiza kutokuwa na uhakika katika muundo wa nguvu za nchi. Kikanda, mgongano huu umeamsha tahadhari za dharura katika mataifa ya Ghuba na kuvutia lawama kutoka kwa mashirika ya kimataifa yanayohimiza uvumilivu ili kuzuia vita vikubwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Government and Society in Iran|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran/Government-and-society|author=Khosrow|access-date=2026-03-01}}</ref> == Serikali na Utawala == Uajemi ni Jamhuri ya Kiislamu inayoongozwa na [[katiba]] yenye sehemu za [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] na sehemu za kidini. [[Mamlaka]] kuu iko [[mikono]]ni mwa Kiongozi Mkuu wa Mapinduzi anayesimamia [[siasa]] ya nchi kwa jumla; yeye ni [[amiri jeshi mkuu]] na msimamizi mkuu wa [[huduma]] ya [[usalama]]; pia anaratibu siasa ya nje. Anateua wakuu wa jeshi, [[redio]] na [[televisheni]], viongozi wa [[salat]] wa [[msikiti]] mkuu katika kila [[mji]], [[jaji mkuu]] na [[mwendesha mashataka mkuu]] halafu nusu ya wajumbe wa Halmashauri ya Walinzi wa Katiba wanaokubali au kukataa sharia zote zilizopitishwa [[bunge]]ni wakiwa na mamlaka kusimamisha wagombea kwa uchaguzi wa kitaifa. Anaweza kumwachisha rais. Kiongozi mkuu huchaguliwa na Mkutano wa Wataalamu wa Uongozi kwa muda wa maisha yake. [[Ayatollah Khamenei]] ni Kiongozi Mkuu wa pili tangu mapinduzi ya Kiislamu. Serikali inayoongozwa na rais wa Uajemi aliye na nafasi ya pili baada ya Kiongozi Mkuu. Huchaguliwa na wananchi wote kwa kipindi cha miaka 4 na anaweza kuchaguliwa upya. Wagombea wanahitaji kukubaliwa na Halmashauri ya Walinzi wa Katiba. Rais anaongoza serikali na kazi yake. Katika mambo ya siasa ya nje, jeshi na siasa ya nyuklia yuko chini ya mamlaka ya kiongozi mkuu. Bunge inayoitwa "majlis" ina [[wabunge]] 290 waliochaguliwa kwa muda wa miaka 4. Wagombea wote wanahitaji kibali cha Halmashauri ya Walinzi wa Katiba. Majlis inatunga sheria za nchi na kukubali [[makisio]] ya serikali na mikataba ya kimataifa. Sheria zote zilizopita bungeni zinahitaji tena kibali cha halmashauri ya walinzi. Halmashauri ya Walinzi wa Katiba ni chombo muhimu sana kinachohakikisha mamlaka kuu ya kiongozi mkuu. Ina wajumbe 12 ambao ni [[wanasheria]]. 6 wanateuliwa moja kwa moja na Kiongozi Mkuu. 6 wengine wanachaguliwa na [[bunge]] kati ya majina wanaopelekwa mbele na jaji mkuu - anayeteuliwa na Kiongozi Mkuu. Kwa hiyo kiongozi mkuu anaamua juu ya wajumbe wote waliomo katika halmashauri hii, hakuna anayeweza kuwa mjumbe bila [[kibali]] chake ama moja kwa moja au kupitia jaji mkuu aliyeteuliwa naye. ==Mikoa== {{main|Mikoa na wilaya za Uajemi}} Uajemi umegawiwa kwa [[mikoa]] 31 inayoitwa "ostan" chini ya [[gavana]] anayeteuliwa na rais. Kila mkoa huwa na [[wilaya]] (shahrestan) na ngazi ya chini zaidi ni [[mitaa]] (bakhsh). Chini ya mitaa kuna [[kata]] (dehestan) zinazojumlisha vijiji kadhaa. ==Demografia== Irani ina mchanganyiko wa makabila na dini uliounganishwa na [[utamaduni]] na [[lugha]] ya [[Kiajemi]], ambayo inatumiwa na wananchi walio wengi na ndiyo [[lugha rasmi]], ikifuatwa na lugha nyingine za jamii ya [[Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya|Kihindi-Kiulaya]], lakini pia za jamii nyingine kama [[Kiazeri]] (16%) na [[Kiarabu]] (2%) (angalia [[orodha ya lugha za Uajemi]]). === Dini === [[File:Isfahan Royal Mosque general.JPG|thumb|Msikiti wa Isfahan, Irani]] Uajemi ilikuwa na [[dini]] za [[Uzoroasta]] na [[Umani]], kisha kuanzia [[karne ya 4]] [[BK]] Ukristo ukaongezeka, na tangu [[karne ya 7]] [[Waarabu]] [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] waliivamia na kuifanya polepole kuwa nchi ya Kiislamu, huku katika [[karne ya 16]] [[Uislamu wa Kishia]] ukitangazwa kuwa [[dini rasmi]]. Leo takriban 90% ni Waislamu Washia, ~10% ni [[Wasunni]] hasa mipakani (wengi [[Wakurdi]], [[Wabaluchi]], [[Waturkomani]]), na ~1% ni dini nyingine zikiwemo [[Bahai]] (marufuku baada ya mapinduzi), Wakristo ([[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia|Waarmenia]] na [[Kanisa Katoliki la Wakaldayo|Wakaldayo]]), [[Wayahudi]] (0.01%, miongoni mwa wakubwa zaidi katika [[mashariki ya kati]]), Wazoroasta (0.03%), na [[Wamandayo]] wafuasi wa [[Yohane Mbatizaji]]. == Uchumi == [[File:Tehran Skyline.jpg|thumb|[[Tehran]], Irani]] Irani ina [[uchumi]] mkubwa na wenye mchanganyiko wa sekta mbalimbali, ukiwa miongoni mwa uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]] kwa ukubwa wa [[pato la taifa]]. Inahesabiwa kuwa uchumi wa [[Pato la taifa kwa kila mtu|kipato cha kati cha juu]] na ina sifa ya kuwa na mchanganyiko wa mashirika ya umma, biashara binafsi, pamoja na ushiriki mkubwa wa [[Irani#Serikali na Utawala|serikali]] hasa katika sekta muhimu. Irani ina baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya mafuta na gesi asilia, ambazo ndizo nguzo kuu ya [[uchumi]] wake na huchangia sehemu kubwa ya mapato ya [[serikali]] na [[mauzo ya nje]]. Hata hivyo, utendaji wa uchumi wake umeathiriwa sana na vikwazo vya kimataifa, ambavyo vimeathiri biashara, uwekezaji, na upatikanaji wa mifumo ya kifedha ya kimataifa. Sekta za [[viwanda]] na huduma huchangia sehemu kubwa ya [[pato la taifa]] la Irani. Sekta ya viwanda inajumuisha petrokemikali, uzalishaji wa bidhaa, uchimbaji [[madini]], ujenzi, na utengenezaji wa magari, huku Irani ikiwa na mojawapo ya misingi mikubwa ya [[viwanda]] katika eneo hilo. Sekta ya [[huduma]], ikiwemo fedha, biashara ya rejareja, usafiri, na huduma za umma, pia ina mchango mkubwa katika ajira na shughuli za kiuchumi. [[Kilimo]], ingawa kinachangia kwa kiwango kidogo katika [[pato la taifa]], bado ni muhimu kwa ajira za vijijini na uzalishaji wa chakula wa ndani, ambapo mazao muhimu ni pamoja na ngano, mpunga, matunda, na karanga kama pistashio. [[Biashara]] ya kimataifa ya Irani inategemea zaidi mauzo ya [[nishati]], hasa mafuta ghafi, gesi asilia, na bidhaa za petrokemikali, ingawa vikwazo vimepunguza kiasi cha [[mauzo ya nje]] na upatikanaji wa masoko katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Irani pia husafirisha bidhaa za viwandani, mazao ya kilimo, na [[madini]], huku ikiagiza mashine, vyakula, na bidhaa za matumizi. [[Serikali]] imekuwa ikitekeleza sera za kukuza mseto wa uchumi, kupunguza utegemezi wa bidhaa kutoka nje, na kuimarisha viwanda vya ndani. Licha ya changamoto kama [[mfumuko wa bei]], mabadiliko ya thamani ya sarafu, na ukosefu wa ajira, Irani inaendelea kutegemea rasilimali zake za asili, rasilimali watu, na uhusiano wa kibiashara wa kikanda kuendeleza uchumi wake. == Tazama pia == * [[Historia ya Irani]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Iran}} * [http://www.leader.ir/langs/en/ The e-office of the Supreme Leader of Iran] * [http://www.president.ir/en/ The President of Iran] * [http://en.iran.ir/ Iran.ir] {{Wayback|url=http://en.iran.ir/ |date=20090517064110 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|ir|Iran}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Iran}} * {{Wikiatlas|Iran}} {{Asia}} [[Jamii:Irani]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] droah8oh5267v1z2v9348t6is2oo6nb 0 7669 1548395 1325125 2026-05-22T13:53:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Euphrase Kezilahabi''' ([[Namagondo]], [[Ukerewe]], [[13 Aprili]] [[1944]] - [[Dar es Salaam]], [[9 Januari]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. [[Lugha ya kwanza|Lugha yake ya kwanza]] ilikuwa [[Kikerewe]] lakini aliandika hasa kwa [[Kiswahili]] ambacho amekipanua kwa kutumia [[mtindo|mitindo]] ya [[lugha]] yake ya [[asili]]<ref>Euphrase Kezilahabi, Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo, APE, Dar es Salaam 2023, ISBN 978-9976-587-04-3, uk. iii-xviii</ref>. ==Maisha== Euphrase Kezilahabi alizaliwa katika kisiwa Ukerewe kilichopo ndani ya [[Ziwa Viktoria]]. Baba yake Vincent Tilibuzya alikuwa msimamizi wa kijiji na Euphrase alikuwa na ndugu 10 yaani wavulana 5 na wasichana 5. Alisoma shule ya msingi ya [[Nakasayenge]] halafu tangu 1957 [[Seminari ya Mt. Maria Nyegezi]] aliyomaliza mwaka 1966. <ref>Noronha analeta habari kuhusu maisha yake tangu utotoni hadi kuwa mhadhiri, mengine katika "profile" (taz. chini)</ref> Mwaka 1967 alijiandikisha kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] akasoma ualimu na fasihi hadi digrii ya [[B.A.]] katika mwaka 1970. Mwaka uleule 1970 akawa mwalimu wa shule ya sekondari [[Mzumbe]] ([[mkoa wa Morogoro]]) halafu kwenye shule ya sekondari ya Mkwawa ([[Iringa (mji)|Iringa]]). Mwaka 1971 alirudi chuoni Dar es Salaam akawa mhadhiri msaidizi wa chuo alipoandika pia tasinifu ya M.A. kuhusu riwaya za [[Shaaban Robert]], tangu 1974 mhadhiri kamili na 1978 mhadhiri mwandamizi. Akaendelea na masomo ya [[Ph.D.]] huko [[Marekani]] kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha [[Wisconsin]] Madison alipotoa [[tasnifu]] yake mwaka 1985 kuhusu "African Philosophy and the Problem of Literary Interpretation". Mwaka 2012 alikuwa profesa wa lugha za Kiafrika kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Botswana. Mwaka 2020 aliaga dunia akiwa jijini Dar es Salaam baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-51046765 Profesa Euphrase Kezilahabi: Mwandishi nguli wa vitabu nchini Tanzania aaga dunia baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu], tovuti ya BBC Kiswahili, tar. 9 Januari 2020, iliagaliwa Februari 2020</ref>. ==Maandiko== Baadhi ya maandiko yake ni: Riwaya: * [[Rosa Mistika]] (1971) * [[Kichwamaji]] (1974) * [[Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo]] (1975)<ref>Euphrase Kezilahabi, Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo, APE, Dar es Salaam 2023, ISBN 978-9976-587-04-3</ref> * [[Gamba la Nyoka]] (1979) * [[Nagona]] (1987/1990) * [[Mzingile]] (1991) Mashairi: * [[Kichomi]] (1974) * [[Karibu Ndani]] (1988) * [[Dhifa]] (hakijatolewa bado) Tamthiliya: * [[Kaptula la Marx]] (1978/1999) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/315981/Euphrase-Kezilahabi Euphrase Kezilahabi kwenye Britannica online] * [http://www.swahili-literatur.at/nacherzaehlungen/rosamistika.pdf Lourenco Noronha, Euphrase Kezilahabi 1971 Rosa Mistika (kwa lugha ya Kijerumani), Taasisi ya Taaluma ya Bara la Afrika, Chuo Kikuu cha Vienna, Mei 2009 (iliangaliwa Januari 2013) {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kezilahabi, Euphrase}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Category:Waandishi wa Tanzania]] 81hx77anpyxrdrmrr51hfs0mnfjwvfa 0 14548 1548787 1546032 2026-05-23T03:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tafsiri}} {{Infobox software license | name = GNU Free Documentation License | image = [[File:GFDL Logo.svg|160px]] | caption = The GFDL logo | author = [[Free Software Foundation]] | version = 1.3 | publisher = Free Software Foundation, Inc. | date = November 3, 2008 (current version) | spdx = {{Unbulleted list|GFDL-1.3-or-later |GFDL-1.3-only |GFDL-1.2-or-later |GFDL-1.2-only |GFDL-1.1-or-later |GFDL-1.1-only }} ([https://spdx.org/licenses/ see list for more]) | Debian approved = Yes, with no invariant sections (see below) | GPL compatible = No | copyleft = Yes }} '''GNU Free Documentation License''' ('''GNU FDL''' au '''GFDL''') ni [[leseni]] huru kwa ajili ya nyaraka huria iliyobuniwa na [[Free Software Foundation]] (FSF) kwa ajili ya [[GNU Project]]. Leseni hii inafanana na [[GNU General Public License]], kwa kuwa inawapa wasomaji haki ya kunakili, kusambaza, na kurekebisha kazi (isipokuwa kwa "sehemu zisizobadilika"), na inahitaji kwamba nakala zote na kazi zinazotokana nazo ziwe chini ya leseni hiyo hiyo. Nakala za kazi pia zinaweza kuuzwa kibiashara, lakini iwapo zitazalishwa kwa wingi (zaidi ya nakala 100), hati asilia au msimbo wa chanzo lazima utolewe kwa mpokeaji wa kazi hiyo. GFDL iliundwa mahsusi kwa ajili ya miongozo ya watumiaji, vitabu vya kiada, vifaa vingine vya rejea na mafunzo, na nyaraka zinazotolewa pamoja na programu za GNU. Hata hivyo, inaweza kutumika kwa kazi yoyote inayotegemea maandishi, bila kujali mada yake. Kwa mfano, kamusi elezo huru ya mtandaoni [[Wikipedia]] inatumia GFDL (pamoja na [[Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License]]) kwa sehemu kubwa ya maandishi yake, isipokuwa maandishi yaliyoingizwa kutoka vyanzo vingine baada ya mabadiliko ya leseni ya mwaka 2009, ambayo yanapatikana tu chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=29 June 2023 |title=WIKIPEDIA MOVES TO CC 4.0 LICENSES |url=https://creativecommons.org/2023/06/29/wikipedia-moves-to-cc-4-0-licenses/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Creative Commons}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=FSF Releases New Version of GNU Free Documentation License — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software |url=https://www.fsf.org/news/fdl-1.3-pr.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.fsf.org}}</ref> == Historia == Leseni ya GFDL ilitolewa kwa rasimu ili kupata maoni mnamo Septemba 1999.<ref>{{cite newsgroup |title=New Documentation License—Comments Requested |author=Richard Stallman |date=September 12, 1999 |newsgroup=gnu.misc.discuss |message-id=gnusenet199909120759.DAA04152@psilocin.gnu.org |url=http://tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1999/0912.html |access-date=August 17, 2017 |archive-date=2022-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226013937/https://www.tech-insider.org/free-software/research/1999/0912.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baada ya marekebisho, toleo la 1.1 lilitolewa mnamo Machi 2000, toleo la 1.2 mnamo Novemba 2002, na toleo la 1.3 mnamo Novemba 2008. Hali ya sasa ya leseni ni toleo la 1.3.<ref name="onepoint3faq">{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3-faq.html |title=GFDL v1.3 FAQ |publisher=GNU |access-date=November 7, 2011}}</ref> Mnamo Desemba 1, 2007, mwanzilishi wa Wikipedia [[Jimmy Wales]] alitangaza kwamba kipindi kirefu cha majadiliano na mazungumzo kati ya Free Software Foundation, Creative Commons, [[Wikimedia Foundation]] na wengine kilizaa pendekezo lililoungwa mkono na FSF na Creative Commons kubadilisha Leseni ya Nyaraka Huru ili kutoa uwezekano kwa Wikimedia Foundation kuhamisha miradi yake kwa leseni inayofanana ya [[Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike]] (CC BY-SA).<ref>{{cite web |last=Lessig |first=Lawrence |url=http://lessig.org/blog/2007/12/some_important_news_from_wikip.html |title=Some important news from Wikipedia to understand clearly |publisher=Lessig Blog |date=December 1, 2007 |access-date=November 7, 2011 |archive-date=October 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026061623/http://lessig.org/blog/2007/12/some_important_news_from_wikip.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |title=Resolution:License update |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=November 7, 2011}}</ref> Mabadiliko haya yalitekelezwa kwenye toleo la 1.3 la leseni, ambalo linajumuisha kifungu kipya kinachoruhusu baadhi ya vifaa vilivyotolewa chini ya leseni ya (GFDL) kutumika pia chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike.<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> == Masharti == Vifaa vilivyotolewa chini ya toleo la sasa la leseni vinaweza kutumika kwa madhumuni yoyote, alimradi tu matumizi hayo yatekeleze masharti fulani. * Waandishi wote wa awali wa kazi lazima watambuliwe kama ilivyoainishwa. * Mabadiliko yoyote kwenye kazi lazima yarekodiwe. * Kazi zote za asili lazima ziwe chini ya leseni hiyo hiyo. * Nakala kamili ya leseni, sehemu zisizobadilika kama ilivyoainishwa na mwandishi kama zipo, na yoyote nyingine ya onyo la dhamana (kama onyo la jumla linaloonya wasomi kuwa hati hiyo inaweza kuwa si sahihi kwa mfano) pamoja na matangazo ya hakimiliki kutoka toleo za awali lazima zishikewe. * Hatua za kiufundi kama vile usimamizi wa hak za kidijitali (DRM) haziruhusiwi kutumika kudhibiti au kuzuia usambazaji au uhariri wa hati. === Secondary sections === The license explicitly separates any kind of "Document" from "Secondary Sections", which may not be integrated with the Document, but exist as front-matter materials or appendices. Secondary sections can contain information regarding the author's or publisher's relationship to the subject matter, but not any subject matter itself. While the Document itself is wholly editable and is essentially covered by a license equivalent to (but mutually incompatible with) the [[GNU General Public License]], some of the secondary sections have various restrictions designed primarily to deal with proper attribution to previous authors. Specifically, the authors of prior versions have to be acknowledged and certain "invariant sections" specified by the original author and dealing with his or her relationship to the subject matter may not be changed. If the material is modified, its title has to be changed (unless the prior authors permit to retain the title). The license also has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, as well as for "History", "Acknowledgements", "Dedications" and "Endorsements" sections. These features were added in part to make the license more financially attractive to commercial publishers of software documentation, some of whom were consulted during the drafting of the GFDL.<ref name=why>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-gfdl.html |title=Why publishers should use the GNU FDL |access-date=July 17, 2009 |website=GNU}}</ref><ref name="gnufaq">GNU Project: "[https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhyNotGPLForManuals Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses: Why don't you use the GPL for manuals?]"</ref> "Endorsements" sections are intended to be used in official standard documents, where the distribution of modified versions should only be permitted if they are not labeled as that standard anymore.<ref name="gnufaq"/> === Commercial redistribution === The GFDL requires the ability to "copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially" and therefore is incompatible with material that excludes commercial re-use. As mentioned above, the GFDL was designed with commercial publishers in mind, as Stallman explained:{{quote|The GFDL is meant as a way to enlist commercial publishers in funding free documentation without surrendering any vital liberty. The 'cover text' feature, and certain other aspects of the license that deal with covers, title page, history, and endorsements, are included to make the license appealing to commercial publishers for books whose authors are paid.<ref name=why/>}} Material that restricts commercial re-use is incompatible with the license and cannot be incorporated into the work. However, incorporating such restricted material may be [[fair use]] under United States copyright law (or [[fair dealing]] in some other countries) and does not need to be licensed to fall within the GFDL if such fair use is covered by all potential subsequent uses. One example of such liberal and commercial fair use is [[parody]]. ===Compatibility with Creative Commons licensing terms=== Although the two licenses work on similar copyleft principles, the GFDL is not compatible with the [[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license]]. However, at the request of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]],<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> version 1.3 added a time-limited section allowing specific types of websites using the GFDL to additionally offer their work under the CC BY-SA license. These exemptions allow a GFDL-based collaborative project with multiple authors to transition to the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, without first obtaining the permission of every author, if the work satisfies several conditions:<ref name="onepoint3faq"/> * The work must have been produced on a "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (MMC), such as a public [[wiki]] for example. * If external content originally published on a MMC is present on the site, the work must have been licensed under Version 1.3 of the GNU FDL, or an earlier version but with the "or any later version" declaration, with no cover texts or invariant sections. If it was not originally published on an MMC, it can only be [[Software relicensing|relicensed]] if it were added to an MMC before November 1, 2008. To prevent the clause from being used as a general compatibility measure, the license itself only allowed the change to occur before August 1, 2009. At the release of version 1.3, the FSF stated that all content added before November 1, 2008, to Wikipedia as an example satisfied the conditions. The Wikimedia Foundation itself after a public referendum, invoked this process to [[dual-license]] content released under the GFDL under the [[CC BY-SA]] license in June 2009, and adopted a foundation-wide attribution policy for the use of content from Wikimedia Foundation projects. ==Enforcement== There have currently been no cases involving the GFDL in a court of law, although its sister license for software, the [[GNU General Public License]], has been successfully enforced in such a setting.<ref>{{cite web |title=BusyBox and the GPL Prevail Again – Updated 4Xs |url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100803132055210 |first=Pamela |last=Jones |work=[[Groklaw]] |date=August 3, 2010 |access-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-date=2010-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804000246/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100803132055210 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the content of [[Wikipedia]] has been plagiarized and used in violation of the GFDL by other sites, such as [[Baidu Baike]], no contributors have ever tried to bring an organization to court due to violation of the GFDL. In the case of Baidu, Wikipedia representatives asked the site and its contributors to respect the terms of the licenses and to make proper attributions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html |title=Baidu May Be Worst Wikipedia Copyright Violator |publisher=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]] |date=August 6, 2007 |access-date=September 10, 2007 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421051401/http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html |url-status=dead |accessdate=2023-02-17 |archivedate=2016-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421051401/http://www.pcworld.com/article/135550/article.html }}</ref> ==Criticism== Some critics consider the GFDL a non-free license. Some reasons for this are that the GFDL allows "invariant" text which cannot be modified or removed, and that its prohibition against [[digital rights management]] (DRM) systems applies to valid usages, like for "private copies made and not distributed".<ref name="nerode2007">{{cite web|url=http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175219/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-date=December 10, 2007 |title=Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL |date=December 10, 2007 |access-date=November 7, 2011|first=Nathanael|last=Nerode}}</ref> Notably, the [[Debian]] project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.xhtml |title=Draft Debian Position Statement about the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL)|year=2006|access-date=September 25, 2007 |first=Manoj |last=Srivastava |quote=''It is not possible to borrow text from a GFDL'd manual and incorporate it in any free software program whatsoever. This is not a mere license incompatibility. It's not just that the GFDL is incompatible with this or that free software license: it's that it is fundamentally incompatible with any free software license whatsoever. So if you write a new program, and you have no commitments at all about what license you want to use, saving only that it be a free license, you cannot include GFDL'd text. The GNU FDL, as it stands today, does not meet the Debian Free Software Guidelines. There are significant problems with the license, as detailed above; and, as such, we cannot accept works licensed under the GNU FDL into our distribution.''}}</ref> [[Thomas Bushnell]],<ref name="lwn">{{cite web |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/59147/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713142623/http://lwn.net/Articles/59147/ |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=Thomas Bushnell dismissed from Hurd project for criticizing GFDL |publisher=archive.is |access-date=April 16, 2017 |date=November 19, 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nathanael Nerode,<ref name="nerode2003">{{cite web|url=http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009105046/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.html |archive-date=October 9, 2003 |title=Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL |access-date=November 7, 2011 |first=Nathanael |last=Nerode |date=September 24, 2003}}</ref> and [[Bruce Perens]]<ref name="Bruceperens2003">{{cite web|url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00091.html |publisher=lists.debian.org/debian-legal |title=stepping in between Debian and FSF |author=Bruce Perens |author-link=Bruce Perens |date=September 2, 2003 |access-date=March 20, 2016 |quote=FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the Free Software ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. FSF is not Creative Commons:the documentation that FSF handles is an essential component of FSF's Free Software, and should be treated as such. In that light, the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years.}}</ref> have raised objections. Bruce Perens saw the GFDL even outside the "Free Software ethos":<ref name="Bruceperens2003"/> {{quote|"FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the [[Free Software]] ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. [...] the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years."}} In 2006, Debian developers voted to consider works licensed under the GFDL to comply with their [[Debian Free Software Guidelines]] provided that the invariant section clauses are not used.<ref name=debianresolution>Debian: "[http://www.debian.org/vote/2006/vote_001.en.html#amendmenttexta General Resolution: Why the GNU Free Documentation License is not suitable for Debian main – Amendment Text A]". 2006. (Accessed June 20, 2009)</ref> However, their resolution stated that even without invariant sections, GFDL-licensed software documentation is considered to be "still not free of trouble" by the project, namely because of its incompatibility with the major free software licenses.<ref name=debianresolution/> Those opposed to the GFDL have recommended the use of alternative licenses such as the [[BSD License]] or the GNU GPL.<ref name=debianresolution/> The [[FLOSS Manuals]] foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL "does not allow for easy duplication and modification", especially for digital documentation.<ref>{{cite web |title=License Change|url=http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080228211105/http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 28, 2008|website=[[FLOSS Manuals]] Blog |access-date=June 20, 2009 | date=June 6, 2007}}</ref> ===DRM clause=== The GNU FDL contains the statement: {{quotation|You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.}} A criticism of this language is that it is too broad, because it applies to private copies made but not distributed. This means that a licensee is not allowed to save document copies "made" in a proprietary file format or using encryption. In 2003, [[Richard Stallman]] said about the above sentence on the debian-legal mailing list:<ref>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |date=September 6, 2003 |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00212.html |title=Re: A possible GFDL compromise| access-date=September 25, 2007 |website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023074846/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/09/msg00212.html |archive-date= October 23, 2023 }}</ref> {{quotation|This means that you cannot publish them under DRM systems to restrict the possessors of the copies. It isn't supposed to refer to use of encryption or file access control on your own copy. I will talk with our lawyer and see if that sentence needs to be clarified.}} ===Invariant sections=== A GNU FDL work can quickly be encumbered because a new, different title must be given and a list of previous titles must be kept. This could lead to the situation where there are a whole series of title pages, and dedications, in each and every copy of the book if it has a long lineage. These pages cannot be removed until the work enters the [[public domain]] after [[copyright]] expires. [[Richard Stallman]] said about invariant sections on the ''debian-legal'' mailing list:<ref>{{cite web |first1=Richard |last1=Stallman |date=August 23, 2003 |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/08/msg00807.html |title=Re: A possible GFDL compromise| access-date=September 25, 2007|website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231023074535/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/08/msg00807.html |archive-date= October 23, 2023 }}</ref> {{quotation|The goal of invariant sections, ever since the 80s when we first made the GNU Manifesto an invariant section in the Emacs Manual, was to make sure they could not be removed. Specifically, to make sure that distributors of Emacs that also distribute non-free software could not remove the statements of our philosophy, which they might think of doing because those statements criticize their actions.}} ===GPL incompatible in both directions=== The GNU FDL is [[License compatibility|incompatible]] in both directions with the GPL—material under the GNU FDL cannot be put into GPL code and GPL code cannot be put into a GNU FDL manual.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Braakman |first=Richard |date=April 20, 2003 |title=Re: Proposed statement wrt GNU FDL |url=http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/04/msg00258.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208072807/https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2003/04/msg00258.html |archive-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal}}</ref> At the June 22–23, 2006 international GPLv3 conference in Barcelona, [[Eben Moglen]] hinted that a future version of the GPL could be made suitable for documentation:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fsfe.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript#lgpl |title=Transcript of Eben Moglen at the 3rd international GPLv3 conference: LGPL, like merging electronic weak |access-date=June 20, 2009 |date=June 22, 2006 |website=Free Software Foundation Europe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807080218/http://fsfe.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-moglen-transcript#lgpl |archive-date= August 7, 2011 }}</ref> {{quotation|By expressing LGPL as just an additional permission on top of GPL we simplify our licensing landscape drastically. It's like for physics getting rid of a force, right? We just unified electro-weak, ok? The grand unified field theory still escapes us until the document licences too are just additional permissions on top of GPL. I don't know how we'll ever get there, that's gravity, it's really hard.}} ===Burdens when printing=== The GNU FDL requires that licensees, when printing a document covered by the license, must also include "this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document". This means that if a licensee prints out a copy of an article whose text is covered under the GNU FDL, they must also include a copyright notice and a physical printout of the GNU FDL, which is a significantly large document in itself. Worse, the same is required for the standalone use of just one (for example, Wikipedia) image.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://notablog.notafish.com/post/2005/04/21/26-why-the-wikimedia-projects-should-not-use-gfdl-as-a-stand-alone-license-for-images |title=Why the Wikimedia projects should not use GFDL as a stand alone license for images |publisher=Notablog.notafish.com |date=April 21, 2005 |access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> Several Wikimedia projects have over the years abandoned the use of GFDL, among them the English Wikipedia, which has relicensed the files.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/305892/ |first=Jonathan |last=Corbet |title=GFDL 1.3: Wikipedia's exit permit |date=November 5, 2008 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |newspaper=LWN.net}}</ref> [[Wikivoyage]], a web site dedicated to [[free content]] travel guides, chose not to use the GFDL from the beginning because it considers it unsuitable for short printed texts.<ref>[[Wikivoyage:Project:Why Wikivoyage isn't GFDL]]</ref> == Other licenses for free works == * [[Creative Commons license]] * [[Design Science License]] * [[Free Art License]] * [[FreeBSD Documentation License]] * [[Open Content License]] * [[Open Game License]] * [[Open Publication License]] * [[WTFPL]] == List of projects that use the GFDL == {{dynamic list}} * Most projects of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], including [[Wikipedia]] (excluding [[Wikivoyage]] and [[Wikinews]]) – On June 15, 2009, the Section 11 clauses were used to dual-license the content of these wikis under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license and GFDL. * An Anarchist FAQ * [[Citizendium]] – the project uses GFDL for articles originally from Wikipedia. * [[Free On-line Dictionary of Computing]] * [[Last.fm]] – artist descriptions are under GFDL * [[Marxists Internet Archive]] * [[PlanetMath]] (now uses CC BY-SA license) * [[Rosetta Code]] * [[SourceWatch]] * The specification documents that define [[TRAK]], an [[enterprise architecture framework]], are released under the GFDL. * ''Abstract Algebra'' by Thomas W. Judson.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Judson | first1=Thomas W. | title=Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications | year=2015 | url=http://abstract.ups.edu/ | accessdate=2023-02-17 | archive-date=2013-07-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701030707/http://abstract.ups.edu/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> * the [[Baseball-Reference]]'s BR Bullpen, a free user-contributed baseball wiki == See also == {{Portal|Free and open-source software}} <!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] --> {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} * [[BSD licenses]] * [[Copyleft]] * [[Copyright]] * [[Free-software license]] * [[GNU]] * [[Non-commercial educational station]] * [[Free content]] * [[Share-alike]] * [[Software license]] {{div col end}} <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> == References == {{Reflist|35em}} ==External links== * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.3] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html |date=20200801133613 }} * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.2] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html |date=20241231122703 }}—This version is [[deprecated]] by the FSF. * [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.1.html GNU Free Documentation License v1.1] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.1.html |date=20241229144354 }}—This version is [[deprecated]] by the FSF. {{listen|filename=GFDL (English).ogg|title=Listen to the GFDL (0:23:28) version 1.2, November 2002, (recorded 2005-05-28)|description=Audio recording of the full text of the GNU Free Documentation License.|format=[[Ogg]]}} * [http://gplv3.fsf.org/doclic-dd1-guide.html FSF guide to the new drafts of documentation licenses] {{Wayback|url=http://gplv3.fsf.org/doclic-dd1-guide.html |date=20120205175357 }} * [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html Free Software and Free Manuals] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html |date=20210815064923 }}, essay by Richard Stallman * [https://opensource.apple.com/cdl/ Apple's Common Documentation License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331154525/http://www.opensource.apple.com/cdl/ |date=March 31, 2009 }}, an alternative license {{GNU}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gnu Free Documentation License}} eurqfwqa084twlb16hse6g0cj8j10vp 3 14699 1548311 1547845 2026-05-22T12:33:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Kiswahili */ 1548311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box collapsible| *[[User:Riccardo Riccioni/Archive 1|Januri 2008 — Juni 9, 2024]] }} ==Fransisko wa Asizi== Riccardo, salam. Nd. Riccardo, ile makala ya Fransisko wa Asizi, umeandika safi sana na inaeleweka. Lakini je vipi kuhusu mwaka aliozaliwa huyu bwana unaujua? Natumai utakuwa umeitafsiri kutoka wiki zingine ama sivyo? Natumai ndivyo!! Basi kama utaweza kuandika mwanzo kabisa mwaka aliozaliwa itakuwa bora zaidi. Labada nikupe mfano mdogo: '''Fransisko wa Asizi''' (tarehe na mwaka aliozaliwa) alikuwa mtakatifu kutoka nchini Italia. Asizi alizaliwa katika mkoa wa Umbria, wilaya ya Perugia, Italia.... Kisha unaweka kama ndugu na mambo mengine!! Haya basi kama hujaelewa labda umwulize Kipala atakupa habari zaidi!! Kingine usisahau kuweka InterWiki katika makala yako kama ipo katika wiki zingine-'''<nowiki>[[it:Fransisko of Asizi]]</nowiki>''' (sijui kwa lugha ya Kitaliano wanahitaje) lakini inategemea na lugha vyovyote vile inaswihi. Kingine kuweka vichwa katika makala, hili nenda kaangalie makala yako utaona nimefanya vipi mpaka kimekuja kichwa cha habari-[[Fransisko wa Asizi]]. Sina mengi na nakutakia kheri ya mwaka mpya na furaha tele moyoni!!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|Mwanaharakati]] 05:08, 7 Januari 2008 (UTC) Kuna kitu nimesahau kukueleza. Kuweka jamii au category katika makala, mfano: '''<nowiki>[[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]]</nowiki>''' au '''<nowiki>[[Category:Watakatifu]]</nowiki>''' na nyingine ya mwaka aliozaliwa -unaweka mabano kama hayo kisha unaadika (Waliozaliwa 19 na...) kama kafa unaandika Waliofariki (mwaka aliokufa). Natumai utakuwa umeelewa!!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|Mwanaharakati]] 05:20, 7 Januari 2008 (UTC) == Inquiry == Hello Riccardo. I've seen in article's history (Tafsiri ya Vishazi na Virai ...) that you removed the image that goes with the article. I thought it's a good Wikipedia practice to communicate with you to inquire for the reason. '''[[Mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|Dee Soulza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|majadiliano]])''' 18:03, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Yes, it's a good practice. The reason is that the image was not more visible. I don't know why, but if you can restore its visibility, let you do. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:56, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[:File:Sumbawan languages.png]] == Hi Ricardo! helped me to add this Linguistic map of the Sumbawa language to Wikipedia English for the Sumbawa language thanks. [[File:Sumbawan languages.png|thumb|Areas where Sumbawa language is spoken]] [[Maalum:Michango/140.213.127.134|140.213.127.134]] 16:51, 15 Juni 2024 (UTC) Why don't you yourself add it? I see there a editing war... Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:21, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Ha ha ha h aha... Umeona siwe tabu. Dah! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 10:00, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Makala_za_msingi/Sanaa]] == Ndugu [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Unadhani una muda wa kupitia makala za msingi? Pengine ukatafsiri vichwa vya makala? Nitaangalia namna ya kujaza makala hayo. Lakini nitahakikisha yanakuwemo humu. Unisamehe sana kwa usumbufu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 09:59, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Ndugu, kazi hiyo ni kubwa sana, ila bahati nzuri tulikwishafanya mimi na marehemu wetu mpenzi Kipala. Tazama: [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]], [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi 1000 - orodha ya awali iliyopanuliwa]], [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo/Zote 1000]]. Sijui kwa nini wanaoandaa edithatons wanaelekeza wahariri wapya kuandika makala juu ya watu wasiojulikana sana au ni maarufu kwa ushoga wao badala ya kutunga kurasa hizi za msingi... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Unisamehe kwa kutunza kumbukumbu zako nje ya mfuko wa majadiliano == Ndugu Riccardo, Kama umetambua hivi sasa majadiliano yako yanaonekana kiduchu sana. Nimeyahifadhi katika nyaraka zako kwa vile ni muhimu sana ziwepo. Pia unisamehe kwa kuja nyumbani na kuvunja vitu pasipo-adabu! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 07:43, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) No problem! Tuko pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Pendekezo la kuondoa wakabidhi == Ndugu Riccardo, Kuna pendekezo hapa. Naomba upige kura; https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Pendekezo_la_kuondoa_WAKABIDHI_wasio_hai Amani kwako. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 06:11, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) == Deleting files == Hello! I can't find the administrators notice board so I write to you because you are the most active admin. All files need a valid license and I noticed that a number of files on [[Maalum:FailiZisizotumika]] does not have a valid license. Some have been nominated for deletion and can be seen in [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]. Perhaps you can have a look and delete the files? The files in [[:Jamii:NowCommons]] can most likely also be deleted. Also GFDL is not a good license for media files so perhaps you can remove it from [[MediaWiki:Licenses]]? --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 17 Agosti 2024 (UTC) Please do NOT use page blanking as deletion replacement, but please always DELETE for real. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 30 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Ahsante sana bwana Riccardo == '''Kiongozi''', nimefurahishwa sana na marekebisho ya kiufundi uliyoyafanya kwenye makala ya changamoto za Kiswahili. ''Aluta continua.'' Idumu Wikipidia ya Kiswahili''.'' '''[[Mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|Dee Soulza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|majadiliano]])''' 16:56, 30 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ==Childbirth== Does SW WP not have an article on childbirth?[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34581#sitelinks-wikipedia]. Not clear why this one was removed?[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuzaa&action=history] [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 07:08, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :Dear doctor, as you know from the past, the translations you promote have very problems, starting from the titles. We had an article about generation, but not about human childbirth. Now I have transferred your page on kuzaa to a new one about [[kujifungua]], that is human childbirth. No more. We are trying to accept your contributions, though recurrent mistakes, e.g. many links in the text redirecting to English title not existing in Sw Wiki, or missing categories below. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you for being willing to collaborate. I am of course working with volunteers and introducing them to Wikipedia. While they are generally language experts / translators they are not Wikipedia experts. ::We can put all articles translated into [[Jamii:Afya]]/[[Jamii:Madawa]] automatically if that would help. Have added attribution to Kujifungua. ::What do you mean by "many links in the text redirecting to English title". The software should automatically be substituting EN link with SW links and if it is not I can file a bug report. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 13:16, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :::Software is a machine... I found such wrong links in your articles, though I had not time to correct all of them. Peace to you, doctor! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Okay found the link issue... Will see what is happening and what we can do to prevent it going forwards. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 13:31, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :::::E.G. link to [[affect (psychology)]] in the first text of the now redirected Ugonjwa wa kutotulia kihisia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:34, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::Thank you for all your help. We will continue to work on improving our efforts. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 10:14, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Padre Giovanni Losi == Carissimo Riccardo, Pace! Come stai? Io abbastanza bene!!! A dine mese avremo un nuovo parroco, don Andrea Legranzini, proveniente da Boffalora d'Adda. Lo aspettiamo felici!!! Ti chiedo, per favore, un piccolo favore, se potessi aprirmi questa piccola pagina in Swahili. Ri invio una bozza: <nowiki>[[Image:Father Giovanni Losi MCCI.jpg|Right|thumb|220px|Giovanni Losi (1865).]] '''Giovanni Losi''' (amezaliwa [[Caselle Landi]], 29 November 1838 – 27 December 1882) ni alikuwa kasisi wa Kiitaliano na mmisionari [[Kanisa Katoliki|Mkatoliki]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alipewa upadre mwaka 1862, mwaka 1872 alikwenda Sudan pamoja na Daniele Comboni, hadi El-Obeid.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 334</ref> aliandika, pamoja na Padre Bonomi, katekisimu na kamusi ya lugha ya Kinubi.<ref>[https://www.comboni.org/fratelli/106304 In Pace Christi - Giovanni Losi]</ref> Baada ya kifo cha Comboni mnamo 1881, alikua mrithi wake hadi 1882, mwaka wa kifo chake.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 336</ref> La traduzuione sarebbe: Ordinato sacerdote nel 1862, nel 1872 andò in Sudan con daniele Comboni, a El-Obeid. ha scitto, con padre Bonomi, un catechismo e un dizionario della lingua Nubiana. Alla morte di Comboni, nel 1881, è diventato il suo successore fino al 1882, anno della sua morte. Grzie di tutto quello che fai per me. Buon fine settimana!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC) Sarebbe così: [[Image:Father Giovanni Losi MCCI.jpg|Right|thumb|220px|Giovanni Losi (1865).]] '''Giovanni Losi''' ([[Caselle Landi]], [[29 Novemba]] [[1838]] – [[27 Desemba]] [[1882]]) alikuwa [[kasisi]] na [[mmisionari]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Baada ya kupewa [[upadirisho]] [[mwaka]] [[1862]], mwaka [[1872]] pamoja na [[Daniele Comboni]] alikwenda [[Sudan]], hadi [[El-Obeid]].<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 334</ref> Huko aliandika, pamoja na padre Bonomi, [[katekisimu]] na [[kamusi]] ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kinubi]].<ref>[https://www.comboni.org/fratelli/106304 In Pace Christi - Giovanni Losi]</ref> Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Comboni mnamo [[1881]], alikua [[mrithi]] wake hadi 1882, mwaka wa kifo chake.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 336</ref> </nowiki> ===Tanbihi=== {{Reflist}} ===Viungo vya nje=== * [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-losi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ ''Dizionario biografico degli italiani''] <nowiki>{{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Losi, Giovanni}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1838]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1882]] [[Jamii:watu wa Italia]]</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == [[Giovanni Losi]] == Grazie di tutto, per il gradissimo aiuto!!! Che padre Losi interceda per tutti noi!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 06:35, 18 Septemba 2024 (UTC) Grazie di tutto, Pace!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 20:40, 19 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ==Wikidata links== Hey Riccardo... The SW Mpox article was linked to the outbreak[https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q112070734&diff=2254757978&oldid=2234414990] rather then the disease itself.[https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q382370&diff=2254758018&oldid=2254610542] Have fixed. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 17:20, 30 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Request == Can you please take a look at [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]? Thanks, '''[[Mtumiaji:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:TenWhile6|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 24 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Redirect == [[mwandiko]] is nothing but redirect to [[maandishi]]. Missing content exists in [[w:it:jod]] [[w:it:sho (lettera)]] @ [[w:it:Template:Alfabeto_greco_navbox]]. Please import it here, thank you. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-8390|&#126;2024-8390]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-8390|talk]]) 17:32, 3 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :I wonder if you know the meaning of both articles. They are not the same as you claimed. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:01, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Dear Muddy, thanks. As usual, they don't know our language. All the same, I have changed the redirect to a full article about "handwriting". Peace to both of you. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:21, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::Ajabu kabisa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 05:53, 10 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::FYI: both Greek letters are already here in Kiswahili, but need to get missing content from Italian articles into Kiswahili ones. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-25812|&#126;2024-25812]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-25812|talk]]) 14:04, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Malicious foreign patrollers == They tend to mess anonymous users, they are worse than blatant vandals. Example: *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuuawa_kwa_Alvin_Cole&diff=1363270&oldid=1344998 *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuuawa_kwa_Alvin_Cole&diff=1363448&oldid=1363308 [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-12800|&#126;2024-12800]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-12800|talk]]) 14:58, 13 Novemba 2024 (UTC) Example: *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabeti_ya_Kirumi&diff=933633&oldid=933629 *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabeti_ya_Kirumi&diff=933628&oldid=933625 PATROLLER twice vandalizes correct IP's correct repair of redirect which requires REDIRECT word to function properly. FYI: ALREADY banned permanently. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-15320|&#126;2024-15320]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-15320|talk]]) 17:15, 18 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Hey Riccardo, I'm seeing that you blocked [[Mtumiaji:Pmlineditor|Pmlineditor]] in response to this message. Pmlineditor is a former steward who has not edited any Wikimedia project in ~3 years, and the linked edits were from 2014. While it doesn't have any practical effect (since Pmlineditor has retired) I'd ask that you unblock their account. Best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EPIC|majadiliano]])''' 22:33, 20 Novemba 2024 (UTC) [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kujifunza_kwa_mashine&diff=1370974&oldid=1370973 Joke edits] done back and forth, another example of foreigner who even does not know Kiswahili nor content layout itself. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-24650|&#126;2024-24650]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-24650|talk]]) 09:40, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Borhan / Tanbiruzzaman appear to be mutual sock puppets, both are from Bengal Wikipedia and both are doing troubles here. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-24315|&#126;2024-24315]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-24315|talk]]) 14:57, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Enough is Enough! [[Maalum:Michango/HakanIST]] + [[Maalum:Michango/Borhan]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja&diff=1328553&oldid=1327815 This alone] shows what is worth dependence upon not so own hosting infrastructure. It is peak of this foreign intervention scandal, as of 2024 year. We must not bow to this all, never! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-30687|&#126;2024-30687]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-30687|talk]]) 17:58, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) What a utter nonsense! Patroller today again reverts perfectly GOOD edits like this: [[Maalum:Michango/WikiBayer]] while REAL vandalism like this: [[Maalum:Michango/Marcleonard_Galus]] and this [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-31972]] completely escapes their attention. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) '''You''' should undelete them all. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=delete&user=LR0725 Mass Article Deletion] with impunity by external interventionists is '''UNWANTED''' here. '''You''' improved them all already. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-31475|&#126;2024-31475]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-31475|talk]]) 12:50, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] - nonsense edit warring against [[w:en:Wikipedia:Edit_warring#The_three-revert_rule]] despite of correct header edits from us. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 17:06, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) R.R. don't be shy, show this RED ATHEIST place in a row, simply because he administratively harasses INNOCENT USERS: http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu/1234qwer1234qwer4 Really, he is petty global admin-snitch who on META tells around the clock that those are norse breiviks, or similar ALIKES! 10:38, 22 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Infoboxes == Do you know any Wikipedian who could fix "infobox drug" and "infobox birth control" so those en.wikipedia.org infoboxes also work on sw.wikipedia.org? Thanks. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lucas559|Lucas559]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lucas559|majadiliano]])''' 21:13, 18 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :No, but let you ask [[mtumiaji:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]]. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Hi [[Mtumiaji:Lucas559|Lucas559]]! I'm always happy to help bring templates to the Swahili Wikipedia, but I have to leave the translations to others at the moment. Let me know if you need help doing the former ''[[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]]'' , <small>22:12, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC).</small><br /> == Eternal page protections == Even in bigger Wikipedias pages are typically protected for finite time at most. I feel that eternal time is too excessive, and offenders are typically doing disruption for no longer than one year. Can you shorten all these [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=protect&user=Kipala&limit=500 eternal page protections] to at least one year? As for now, all related offenders are long gone, and honest "temporary accounts" are unable to edit at all. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 10:09, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :It's a very long list and needs time to shorten their protection. Very badly, the one who used to eternally protect those pages has died. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:22, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::So at least can you NOW unprotect [[Digamma]] and [[Pai (herufi)]] for now? None of other Greek letters including those protected ones, were ever vandalized at all since years. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 10:24, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == [[w:it:Wikipedia:Verificabilità#Fonti_dubbie]] == Per un'enciclopedia, le fonti dovrebbero essere indiscutibili. '''Un'enciclopedia non è una fonte primaria''': i suoi autori non conducono interviste né compiono ricerche originali. Dunque, qualunque cosa sia inclusa in Wikipedia dovrebbe essere già stata trattata in trascrizioni, ricerche, studi o reportage altrui che abbiano possibilmente goduto di considerazione a livello accademico e/o internazionale. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-25658|&#126;2024-25658]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-25658|talk]]) 08:08, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Io lo so, ma altri no. Grazie per avere eliminato molte fonti dubbie. Pace a te! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:17, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :To avoid resurgence of fake pseudoreference plague recently cleaned in hundreds of articles, can you put inside adminprotected [[template:Karibu]] advice against doing <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> entries containing links to any and all WIKIMEDIA/WIKIPEDIA sites, by declaring there that purely external sources are always needed? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :It is weak English, please change in [[template:Karibu]] relevant statement to: by writing '''them''' themselves. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Page CAN be editprotected even if AFTER deletion == [[Wikipedia:Mkaguzi wa watumiaji]] - vandalism newpage, delete first, protect second. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27968|&#126;2024-27968]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27968|talk]]) 08:38, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Technical errors == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristiano_Ronaldo&diff=1376422&oldid=1376415 this diff shows you reinserted TAB] (tabulators), where spaces should normally be. [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-27447]] edited correctly, restoring YOUR version but WITHOUT TAB (tabulators). Can you remove these TAB (tabulators) again? Simple as self-revert in this case. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27442|&#126;2024-27442]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27442|talk]]) 12:26, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Nuova foto nella pagina [[Giovanni Losi]] == Carissimo padre Riccardo, pace!!! Ho aggiunto una foto in questa pagina e ti chiederei, per favore, di controllare se la didascalia è esatta. Volevo dire: ''La strada dedicata a padre Losi, a Caselle Landi''. Grazie mille per il tuo prezioso aiuto. Approfitto per farti tanti auguri di un Santo natale e Buon 2025, tanta Luce del Signore per te. A presto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 14:03, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) : Grazie mille di tutto, il tuo aiuto è sempre prezioso!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 17 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == EXAMPLE: [[talk:Beka Flavour]] == Orphan talk WITHOUT its article - nothing but nonsense, please delete. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27365|&#126;2024-27365]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27365|talk]]) 07:50, 15 Desemba 2024 (UTC) FYI: ON any NORMAL wikipedia talk pages are ALWAYS to be deleted when its page is not existing. Example: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Talk%3ABijoy+Smarani+University+College 04:11, 15 December 2024 Liz talk contribs deleted page Talk:Bijoy Smarani University College (G8: Talk page of a deleted or non-existent page) [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27882|&#126;2024-27882]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27882|talk]]) 09:11, 15 Desemba 2024 (UTC) I see you deleted it already. It was sad it was overlooked too long. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:59, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Yesterday new account flood == I lost whole day correcting '''misedits''' done by them all. Most problematic user is this [[Special:contribs/Marcleonard_Galus]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-30796|&#126;2024-30796]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-30796|talk]]) 09:09, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) "Macleonard Galus" partially includes vandalisms, I clean after him. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 23 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for your collaboration, @[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]]. We appreciate it. Our problem is the private initiative of starting Editathons without good preparation, so the new users unconsciously do so many vandalisms, causing every time lost of a lot of time. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::Can you force good preparation before EVERY Editathon, so it will not have to be massively corrected like above temporary account and I done collaboratively? '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :::We sysops discussed about the problem but someone does go on his way! Let you give us suggestions. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:36, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Before any Editathon, organizer should meet you obligatorily, and non-WMF wiki should be used for editing exercises before going to real Wikipedia editing. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Macleonard Gallus strikes back, he only [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi._Shakila&diff=1380879&oldid=1380876 repeatedly] does multiapostrophe trashing, he is STUBBORN. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 28 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::[[Maalum:Michango/Said_Mohamed_Mgeleka]] Stubborn advertising. '''[[Mtumiaji:FARȢK GADU|FARȢK GADU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:FARȢK GADU|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 29 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Mtumiaji VS Majadiliano ya mtumiaji == Position correcte pour <nowiki>{{karibu}}</nowiki> est en "majadiliano ya mtumiaji". Raison: "Vous avez un nouveau message" automatiquement. '''[[Mtumiaji:ErvanElman|ErvanElman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ErvanElman|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) "Karibu" is NOT to be placed on non-talk USER page, because receiver never will get this: "You have a new Talk page message". [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-31611|&#126;2024-31611]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-31611|talk]]) 18:13, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Merci beaucoup. Thanks. I do know it well. My mystakes only occurred accidentally while correctly welcoming many new users yesterday. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:18, 26 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == U4C Notification == Hello Riccardo Riccioni,<br /> You are named in a recently filed request to the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Please review the request at [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] You are requested to enter your statement and any other material you wish to submit, so that the U4C can get a better overview of the situation. All writing should be complete, but also as concise as possible. Please ensure that you make all comments in your own section and in the discussion section only. If the U4C makes a decision, this will be binding for you and so your participation is recommended. Please do not reply here, but on the linked case page, or on the associated talk page. If you would like to contact the U4C directly, you will find an e-mail address [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee#How_to_contact_U4C|here]]. Please use the email only if privacy is necessary (e.g. personal information). Best, On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ;(tafsiri otomatiki) :Hujambo Riccardo Riccioni, :Ulitajwa katika ombi lililowasilishwa hivi majuzi kwa Kamati ya Uratibu ya Kanuni za Maadili ya Jumla [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] (U4C). Tafadhali kagua ombi lako kwenye [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] :Unaombwa kuweka taarifa yako na nyenzo nyingine yoyote unayotaka kuwasilisha, ili U4C iweze kuelewa vyema hali hiyo. Maandishi yote yanapaswa kuwa kamili, lakini pia kwa ufupi iwezekanavyo. Hakikisha umechapisha maoni yote katika sehemu yako na sehemu ya majadiliano pekee. Ikiwa U4C itafanya uamuzi, itakulazimu na kwa hivyo tunapendekeza ushiriki. :Tafadhali usijibu hapa, lakini kwenye ukurasa wa kesi uliounganishwa au ukurasa wa mazungumzo unaohusishwa. Ikiwa ungependa kuwasiliana na U4C moja kwa moja, utapata barua pepe hapa. Tafadhali tumia barua pepe tu ikiwa unahitaji faragha (k.m. maelezo ya kibinafsi). :Karibuni sana, :Kwa niaba ya kamati ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :As an individual I encourage you to please participate in the next 3-5 days. (Kama mtu binafsi ninakuhimiza tafadhali ushiriki katika siku 3-5 zijazo.) '''[[Mtumiaji:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Barkeep49|majadiliano]])''' 01:46, 9 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Lugha ya Adamu]] == {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} See explanation: [[Majadiliano:Lugha ya Adamu]]. <blockquote> '''Anna Katharina Emmerick''' in her revelation was informed, that especially three languages of [[Baktria]], [[Zendia]], [[India]] are FIRST EVER descendants of language of [[Adamu]], of course in regard of purity as measure of being LEAST CHANGED from language of [[Adamu]] itself. </blockquote> Please add this to article in Swahili version, I need your effort because I tried to write this sentence in Swahili, and it turned ungramatical. Without this addition, article is still incomplete. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|Mwanajoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|majadiliano]])''' 10:10, 1 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} Do him a favor, please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 15:45, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) What I put in "blockquote frame" is technically needed to identify language of [[Adamu]] as essentially being RING0 "protoindogermanic" ancestor of RING1 "indoiranic" descendants. It shows that descendant RING2 will be the rest of "indoeuropean" languages, with subsequent "NON-indoeuropean" descendant rings being less and less similar to language of [[Adamu]] itself. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|Mwanajoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Small Wiki Monitoring Team == Thou will REGRET all SYSOP-ONLY page protections when WMF desysop thee: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=protect&user=Riccardo+Riccioni [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-10150|&#126;2025-10150]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-10150|talk]]) 12:12, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Stewards from time to time globally lock local established users like [[Maalum:Michango/Resnick-mike|this one]] out of their accounts for some alleged "long term sexual abuse". It seems that SWAHILI both sysops and users are under siege from WMF. Pure colonialist approach. They still do not dare to do this to local sysops, but they feel that doing this to local users can be done with impunity. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-13588|&#126;2025-13588]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-13588|talk]]) 08:41, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Do you happen to have any vivid proof to support your notion? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:01, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Support is here if you wish: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AFRUCA_Africans_Unite_Against_Child_Abuse&diff=1379881&oldid=1366743 AFRUCA] - stewards are very itchy at newbies touching sexual abuse topics. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-14050|&#126;2025-14050]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-14050|talk]]) 12:30, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::I have seen the user made sizable number of edits. I haven't found any problem with the account in question. Let me go to the Steward who locked the guy. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:36, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::::Do not forget they believe malicious denunciations against you local sysops, they can as well believe similar fascist calumnies against their victims. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-13839|&#126;2025-13839]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-14050|talk]]) 12:46, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::::"Checkuser Tools" in case of repeatedly overlapping dynamic IPs between totally unrelated users can produce fake results. '''[[Mtumiaji:$ilas duguda|$ilas duguda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:$ilas duguda|majadiliano]])''' 13:02, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::::::Swahili Wikipedia MUST officially opt-out from Small Wiki Monitoring Team surveillance. Too many collateral global bans against recent incoming accounts since end of 2024 year. CHECKUSER method has one fault. If dynamic IP will be again associated with someone unrelated, while once it was associated with vandal, they blindly BELIEVE it. And result is simple. GLOBAL BAN! '''[[Mtumiaji:Hatani Nihongi Katani|Hatani Nihongi Katani]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hatani Nihongi Katani|majadiliano]])''' 21:02, 10 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Joseph Leonard Haule]] == Ndugu Riccardo, Naomba ufute ukurasa tajwa hapo juu ili tuweze kuunga interwiki links zake kwa <nowiki>[[Professor Jay]]</nowiki>. Aliyehamisha mwanzo kutoka Prof. kwenda Joseph hakika hajui alitendalo. Pole kwa usumbufu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:22, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Nimeshafuta tayari @[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 17:59, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Iliyotakiwa kufutwa ni Joseph Leonard Haule. Ile Professor Jay ndiyo halisi kwa sababu ni jina lake kisanii linalofahamika kimataifa. Kuita jina la mwanamuziki kwa jina la kuzaliwa si sawa. Hamisha matini kwa Profesa kisha futa hii ya Joseph. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 20:37, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Shida ni kwamba huyo si msanii tu, bali pia mwanasiasa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 5 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::Ikiwa unapendekeza ibaki ilivyo, basi lisiwe jina zima bali "Joseph Haule" itakuwa rahisi zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 5 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Makala za Kongo == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] natumaini wewe ni mzima wa afya, Kuna makala zinzondelea kuandikwa kutoka kongo nadhani ni editathon inayoendelea uko na sijajua bado kiongozi wake ni nani, bado wanaoandika awana uelewa mzuri kuhusu uandishi wa makala je kunajambo linaweza kufanyika? '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 03:18, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Samahani kwa kuingilia mjadala, kama ni Kongo, kwani hawana Wikipedia yao? Ni ndogo sana ukilinganisha na ya Kiswahili. Inakuwaje wanajaza uchafu huku wakiacha ya kwao? '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] nchi nyingi sasa wanashiriki kuandika makala za kiswahili ikiwemo Rwanda, Kenya na wengine wengi. Changamoto ni kutokua na mawasiliano na wausika wa editathon izo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 08:12, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Ndugu@[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]], si kosa kuingilia mjadala, ila @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ameshakujibu: Wikipedia hii si ya Tanzania, bali ya lugha ya Kiswahili ambayo ni ya kimataifa. Hakuna Wikipedia ya Kingwana (yaani ya Kiswahili cha Kongo). Muhimu ni kuwasaidia wachangie vizuri, kwa kuwa kweli tunahitaji Wikipedia yetu itumike zaidi huko kwao. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::Oh, basi sawa. Nimekuelewa. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[:Faili:Mlango wa Kiswahili Makumbusho ya Taifa Dar.jpeg]] == Hello! Can you check if the information on this file page is correct? Perhaps the file should be added to an article? '''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 7 Januari 2025 (UTC) :The information is correct, though the photo is by the late Kipala. He uploaded it while teaching me how to upload photos. Now I have used it in the page "[[mlango]]". Thanks and peace to you. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) :: Hello. Thank you. So Kipala is the photographer? If so then it should say "Kipala" instead of your name. --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 11:24, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Let you change, if you like. Thanks. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Misunderstandings == Main Space is not Template Space. It does NOT work with {{}} transclusion. [[Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] should be named [[Kigezo:Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] which is adminprotected unlinked redirect and this is useless REDIRECT to be sacrificed by deleting first. Please fix your namespace error by redirect deleting and by page moving. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 20 Januari 2025 (UTC) You are CONSTANTLY tricked by redirects, instead of doing REQUESTED lowering protection at: *https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&page=Kigezo%3AAlfabeti+ya+kigiriki+kamili you did ON YOUR OWN, for ALREADY perfect template state, heightened protection at: *https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&page=Kigezo%3AAlfabeti+ya+Kigiriki+kamili NOTE lowercase "kigiriki" VS uppercase "Kigiriki". '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) My new template exists already crosswiki in 25 languages at least. Thank you for unprotection. At least I finally COPYPASTED content from [[Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] to REDIRECT (lowercase kigiriki) [[kigezo:Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] which is '''NOT''' (uppercase Kigiriki) [[kigezo:Alfabeti ya Kigiriki kamili]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] - more than ONE superfluous move-leftovers for greek-related template page+talk is to be erased. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == [[§]] == Just removed old misinformation: [[Disigma]] is SECTION, not letter, see what GREEKS themselves say: http://lexilogia.gr/threads/pilcrow-σύμβολο-της-παραγράφου-παραγραφόσημο.2426/#post-22012 "section, § = ενότητα, τμήμα, εδάφιο (§, δίσιγμα)". '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 16:29, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) See [[w:el:wikt:δίσιγμα]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 16:57, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Country and Behavior == Not to be rude or something which country are you from? Its just a surprise to see a White man with fluent Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 20:01, 23 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Ana miaka arobaini nchini Tanzania. What do you expect? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 10:21, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) Riccardo Riccioni = [[Italia]]no. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] I didn't ask your opinion whether he is Tanzanian or not. You are so rude to be bureaucrat. I asked him. You think you are like a god and its so embarrassing that you are on your 40's with that attitude, such a bore '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 14:49, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) Gayle, please be avoiding all personal attacks, they are totally disturbing. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 17:56, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :This guy Muddyb told me to go to a "test Wikipedia" if i wanted to play just because i asked him to delete my page, that was rude especially from a bureaucrat. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:46, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :I don't understand why he's attacking so much. Normal conversations, he turns them into hostility or conflict. There's a problem somewhere. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) Gayle157, you mistake being shy for being rude. Calm down, please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 18:10, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Shy? And why would i be shy? '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:36, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Those aren't personal attacks, he came at me and I cant just let him slide with it, and i am not talking about this reply, he is at my nerve. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:42, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) "Shyness" vs "Rudeness" was meant not about Gayle157, but about Gayle157's assessment of owner of this talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 18:52, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Kwa nini kupenda ugomvi? Tena kwa kitu kidogo namna hiyo? Mimi ni mzaliwa wa Italia, lakini kwa sasa ni raia wa Tanzania tu, ninapoishi kwa zaidi ya miaka 40. Basi, nawatakia amani, lakini matashi hayo yasiwe chanzo cha mabishano mengine, tafadhali. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:28, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Ni vijana mzee wangu. Sisi tuliokula chumvi nyingi tunatambua tone zao. Hizo tone ni za kitoto mno. Hata hivyo, sipaswi kuleta wimbi la ugomvi katika ukurasa wako. Ninaenda sasa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:36, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Stub and Mbegu == You said Stub is Mbegu in Swahili. If there's no template for Mbegu that should appear at top, then I am going to use Stub. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 08:24, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) @[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]], we have stub-templates, ex. gr. mbegu-mwanasiasa, mbegu-mtu etc. and we use it at the bottom of the page. Almost all pages in Swahili Wikipedia have it. This is why you don't need to insert yours at the top. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) I actually found instead of stub i can use *mbegu* at top instead of using **mbegu-** at the bottom, It doesn't impress me, hope you are okay with that '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 15:07, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:23, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Ufutaji wa makala == kwa nini makala niliyochangia ya "[[MGC]]" imefutwa na RICCARDO RICCIONI? [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-15063|&#126;2025-15063]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-15063|talk]]) 05:10, 1 Februari 2025 (UTC) :Kwa sababu ni kujitangaza, kinyume na sera ya Wikipedia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:39, 1 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Violation of Wikipedia policy == The user @[[Mtumiaji:PAULO OBEDI|PAULO OBEDI]] is repeatedly adding requests for financial assistance to articles. This violates the Wikipedia policy on personal financial solicitation and spam. Could an you look into this!, This could be a potential spam [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^Chronist</i>'''</div>]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]]) 06:02, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Futa == <nowiki><span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">}}</span>futa<span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">{{</span></nowiki> || <span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">}}</span>futa<span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">{{</span> ≠ [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Batundi Luanda|Batundi Luanda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Batundi Luanda|majadiliano]])''' 16:49, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) SUCCESS! UNWANTED pages ceased to show in [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-15564|&#126;2025-15564]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-15564|talk]]) 17:02, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Spam and Sockpuppet == Would you Look at this Account, He created another account and keep requesting for money after you blocked him @[[Mtumiaji:PAULI OBEDO|PAULI OBEDO]] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^Chronist</i>'''</div>]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]]) 10:24, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == COPY PASTE page moves == It is wrong, it does NOT preserve edit history with list of contributors required by GPL, please FIRST delete [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] and then move [[Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] onto it. '''[[Mtumiaji:Norbilian|Norbilian]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Norbilian|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} == Fantasies == Not only you, but others, PLEASE tell this GAYLE that it is OK this condemnation of NON-REPRODUCTIVE toying with bodies CONTRARY to INBUILT reproductive organ functions, basically UN-natural, so ANTI-functonal. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-23540|&#126;2025-23540]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-23540|talk]]) 09:48, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Baba Bora == {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} Kwa nini makala niliyochangia ya "[[Jinsi ya Kujitayarisha kuwa Baba Bora]]" imefutwa na Riccardo Riccioni? '''[[Mtumiaji:Byera08|Byera08]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Byera08|majadiliano]])''' 05:46, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Byera08}} Nilipaswa kuhamisha mada kwenda "Baba". Hata hivyo, mchango wako haukai kiensaiklopedia kwa sababu ni mashauri tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 20 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> ==Communication by the U4C== I'm writing to inform you that in the U4C case [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] the 2 week "investigation phase" is now open. This phase will last around two weeks, during this phase parties and also other editors can still submit further evidence. We warmly suggest to take this opportunity, each statement can serve to clarify the position of each of the parties involved. Many thanks. On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) (Translation by Google translate) Ninakuandikia kukujulisha kwamba katika kesi ya U4C [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] ya wiki 2 sasa "awamu ya uchunguzi" imefunguliwa. Awamu hii itachukua takriban wiki mbili, wakati wa vyama vya awamu hii na pia wahariri wengine bado wanaweza kuwasilisha ushahidi zaidi. Tunashauri kwa moyo mkunjufu kuchukua fursa hii, kila taarifa inaweza kutumika kufafanua msimamo wa kila mmoja wa wahusika wanaohusika. Asante sana. Kwa niaba ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Apology == Sorry for AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION, please unblock primary account, you made me even REPLYING impossible from my primary account! '''[[Mtumiaji:Jiah Harrison|Jiah Harrison]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jiah Harrison|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 13 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Broken Redirects == Please delete all pages edited by: [[special:contribs/~2025-33472]] which are nothing but red-link broken redirects, see: [[special:contribs/DreamRimmer]] - he failed to tag them all to deletion. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-35189|&#126;2025-35189]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-35189|talk]]) 16:58, 19 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore in Tanzania 2025 == Ndugu Riccardo, nimetafuta nimempata mchawi wetu wa makala hizo. Ni @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] kama nilivyosema hapo awali. Nimeipata Dashibodi->> https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Wikimedia_Community_Kilimanjaro/Feminism_and_Folklore_in_Tanzania_2025?enroll=dpgcmlqt kadhalika chanzo cha challenge hii; https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page#Local_Activities/events Kwako Nd. @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]], unaombwa uwajibike kwa matendo yako. Kumekuwa na rundo la makala zisizofaa kwa kutumia challenge hii. Je, ukiwa peke yako utaweza kuboresha matini ya makala elfu mbili? Ama ndiyo bora liende? Tujisahihishe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:53, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Urbanization== What's Urbanization in swahili? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:49, 21 Aprili 2025 (UTC) Ukuaji wa miji. Sijui kama kuna neno lingine. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 21 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Tanbihi == I think the book sources are the one that should use the word tanbihi, Then Other sources to use '''Marejeo'''. Since ''Tanbihi'' is NB/Footnotes [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:08, 1 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, mimi nilifundishwa zamani na Muddy kuandika tanbihi. KKK inasema tanbihi ni maelezo yanayotolewa sehemu ya mwisho au chini ya ukurasa au sura... Labda umshirikishe Muddy. Ila kumbuka mabadiliko hayo yanadai kuhariri upya kurasa karibu 100,000! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 1 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}} naona unabadilisha "tanbihi" kuwa "marejeo". Lakini baadaye unaacha "marejeo" tena kwa maana nyingine. Vipi? Pia umeanza tena kuhamisha kurasa bila mawasiliano yoyote. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:45, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::About Tanbihi i was checking if my Bot can do the task, You can clearly see they aren't manual! :::About Moving page which page did i move wrong? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:02, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I will fix the Bot code later so that it corrects that. If i moved any page wrongly or you are in doubt let me know, Aisee, I gave a notable Summary. ::::If its about Changing Redirects into articles let me know too, I can explain! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:25, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nafurahi kwamba umeweza kuandaa Bot yako. Itaweza kutusaidia sana na haraka. Ila unajua kwamba ukienda kasi nje ya njia, unaweza ukapotea kuliko mtu anayekwenda polepole... Hivyo ni kupanga mambo vizuri kabla ya kutumia Bot. Kama lilikuwa jaribio, ni sawa. Kuhusu kuhamisha kurasa, hivi karibuni sijaona makosa kwako, ila mimi nilijizuia kufanya mabadiliko ya namna hiyo kabla sijakubaliana na wahariri wengine. Kwa mfano, ni kweli Iraki ni sahihi kuliko Iraq, nami nilitaka kuhamisha ukurasa huo, lakini suala la majina ya nchi ni kubwa na limeshasababisha magomvi! Ndiyo maana nilipendekeza zaidi ya mara moja tujadiliane sote pamoja, k.mf. Uhindi / India, Uchina / China. Mpaka leo sijafanikiwa kufanya tufikie uamuzi. Hiyo inasumbua hata katika jamii, unapokuta kwa nchi ileile jamii zinazotumia Uhindi na nyingine India. Hata kwa hilo natumaini Bot yako itasaidia kufanya kazi kubwa na kuokoa muda wetu mwingi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::Asante, Ee hiyo boti ilikuwa ya jaribio tu! ::::::Yes, We need a discussion about the Country names ,The Sources of this names, The best name among listed. Like a Project; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:08, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::The bot can now function, see [[Maalum:Michango/Gayle-Bot]] :::::::If you happen to know any task that requires automated / bot Operation feel free to inform me, :::::::About the country names discussion , So what's your plan about it? Launch a project or? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:16, 3 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Suala la majina ya nchi tulipendekeze kwa Muddyb na wengineo kabla ya kuendelea na mabadiliko. Hata hivyo baadhi hayana ubishi, k.mf. Poland > Polandi au Israel > Israeli. Naomba uanze na nchi hizo. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:29, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Sijaelewa; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:06, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Yaani naomba kama Bot inaweza kubadilisha katika makala na jamii zote majina ya Poland na Israel kuwa Polandi na Israeli. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:22, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Ooh sawa nimeelewa sasa, I'm working on it! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:25, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|+]] {{imefanyika}}, Its done though there are a few Redirects to Israel that haven't been fixed, Also this pages blow require manual deletion by an admin,Which are Old Versions of the new pages. Also there were some minor errors on Flags , Emblem and maps which i can fix manually. {{quote| [[:Jamii:Israel]] [[:Jamii:Lugha za Israel]] [[:Jamii:Jiografia ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Miji ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Mito ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Milima ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wachezaji wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wanakemia wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Marais wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Miji ya Poland]] [[:Jamii:Watu wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Lugha za Poland]] [[:Jamii:Waandishi wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Watunzi wa Poland]]}} [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:55, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Refining == Its Incredible how you refine content, I will be adding content and leave it for you to refine. I just love adding content [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:48, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Asante kwa pongezi zako. Lakini lengo langu mojawapo ni kuonyesha mfano ili wengine wajifunze. Msiniachie kazi nyingi mno! Hata mimi nina mipango ya kuongeza mada. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:21, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::Ni sawa!, We will do our best [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:46, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::I’m still learning, and I regret how I came across during my first month on Swahili Wikipedia. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:56, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::Don't worry, you are very young. You have time. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:58, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::{{ping|Gayle157}} Hi, many times you don't add content, but you change it, following the English edition. May be it's easier to you, but it's not very respectful to those who used their time to write before you. Sometimes I have to refine new sentences which were refined in their earlier form. Thank you for your attention. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:52, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::First of all i don't use the English wiki edition, ::::::Also most articles have to be updated now and they and don't necessarily need to be in their original form because in most cases they are outdated. ::::::Me changing the article course doesn't make the original author loose his/her credit, ::::::In en wiki articles are modified now and then! ::::::Especially content on lead section , Isn't that what wiki is for? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:59, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::Thank you for your answer. Yes, Wiki is for ongoing work. What I meant is somehow as what Jesus said: "Not to delete, but to fulfill"! Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I didn't get that! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:12, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nakukumbusha kwamba unapotaka kuongeza taarifa unapaswa kuwa makini usije ukaacha nyingine muhimu zilizokuwepo. Kwa mfano, kuhusu Tundu Lissu uliondoa ile ya kwamba ndiye mwenyekiti wa Chadema. Kuhusu mkoa wa Arusha umeondoa ile ya kwamba unapakana na ile ya Mara na Shinyanga, kumbe umeongeza ule wa Tanga ambao sasa uko mbali. Kuhusu mkoa wa Morogoro umeondoa mikoa ya jirani ya Ruvuma na Lindi. Asante kwa kujali. Aamani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 25 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Oops I'm sorry i guess i checked the Tanzanian map incorrectly, The existing text didn't mention the neighboring regions in a more nuanced way i had to confirm in the map ::::::::::But still those articles need to be modified on lead section, You can confirm that using Mobile view and remember 90% of this Wikipedia views are from mobile ,. ::::::::::The Original state of most articles in this Wikipedia are too unappealing [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:31, 25 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::Since the Articles of Regions of Tanzania have More or close to 500 views per month, And since you are the main Editor and also You are Tanzania please help Improve the Quality of the Lead Section of those articles, They sound too Informal or Low Quality especially on Mobile Devices, Maybe you can make them more '''INFORMATIVE''' . [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 16:15, 26 Mei 2025 (UTC) Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, ni sawa, ila nitafanya baadaye kidogo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nimemaliza kazi uliyoniagiza. Sasa nakuomba ufanye vilevile kwa kaunti za Kenya. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:08, 1 Julai 2025 (UTC) ::Asante sana , Nitafanya hivyo! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:27, 1 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Peter Born lȣ == {{ping|Riccardo_Riccioni}} PLEASE UNBLOCK ME - I EDITED in good faith! I did nothing wrong, some META denounced me falsely! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-55756|&#126;2025-55756]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-55756|talk]]) 13:02, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It was NOT intended as vandalism, BAN-ana to account is OVER-reaction! '''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::There's a Unblock tag! Use it in your talk page <nowiki>{{Unblock|1=}}</nowiki>[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:25, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Block Settings == @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Would you please ease the block Settings of Peter Born lȣ to at least 1 day, Maybe as a warning! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:29, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]], unavyoona huyo hahitaji unblock kwa sababu ameshaanzisha akaunti nyingine ambayo anaitumia sasa kusumbua tena Kisii na Kirinyaga... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:41, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :R.R. you are CATHOLIC, you should be example of MERCY. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-56159|&#126;2025-56159]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-56159|talk]]) 13:47, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Talk:GNU Free Documentation License]]. I always tried to have edit histories compliant to their contiguous state. When Gayle creates new content, old content always must be shoved away.'''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::Mimi nimekabidhiwa usimamizi wa toleo hili si kama Mkatoliki, bali kama mtu anayetaka liendelee vizuri. Mnatupotezea muda mwingi. Tukiwaacha muendelee mtaharibu kila kitu. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] Contiguous state lol; I stopped blanking Talk pages long ago!, That's not an excuse!. ::::Why don't you stick to one account, Stop using IPs "often" especially when doing a vandalism act, It will better, [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::I meant continuity in regard to [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157/ukurasa wa majaribio]]. Vandal TEMP ACCOUNTS are "simu" "rununu" tagged, mine are WITHOUT "simu" "rununu". '''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 14:13, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::In this context, most IP vandals in recent past don't have mobile tag, ::::::The only thing i can suggest is the reducing the Infinite block expiry settings , [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:17, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::Rununu-Simu vandals exposed. I edited from THIS temp account all pages recently corrected by me after Rununu-Simu vandals. See their edit histories. Rununu-Simu troublemakers are really recent. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-56650|&#126;2025-56650]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-56650|talk]]) 14:44, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Ya/Za == [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|°]]Why 'ya' we are talking about Politic-'''S''' , Most news outlets say "siasa za" [https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-57675769][https://kiswahili.tuko.co.ke/tags/siasa-za-kenya/][https://www.voaswahili.com/a/china-yapinga-vikali-udanganyifu-wa-siasa-za-umoja-za-marekani-japan-na-ufilipino-/7567680.html][https://swahili.cgtn.com/2025/04/16/ARTI1744765639929458] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:53, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Temporary Accounts and abuse on your project form a LTA ([[Special:CentralAuth/Wikibaijer|Wikibaijer]], [[Special:CentralAuth/AfricaAntifa|AfricaAntifa]], ... and many Tempory Accounts == Hi, I wanted to ask how you manage with the temporary accounts because I noticed that a Crosswiki LTA is very active here and sometimes has temporary accounts that change every minute. Are you already familiar with this? Can you cope with it? PS: This LTA also uses many proxys that should be blocked.--'''[[Mtumiaji:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WikiBayer|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Dear {{ping|WikiBayer}}, no, I cannot cope with it. After the new policy about temporary accounts' privacy I no more understand what is going on. But sometimes they use registered accounts too. I have no more time to follow all their changes and reasons. I fear to block good contributors as vandals, because vandals denounce their changes. Moreover I receive many insults and threats by them and other people who want to do anything they want. It's discouraging. I appreciate very much your help. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:43, 29 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Citation Templates == In new Articles when citing please use the citation templates in Swahili, Example * Cite journal = Rejea jarida * Cite Web = Rejea tovuti * Cite News = Rejea habari Though other articles are on the process of being fixed by Bot. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:28, 5 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]]Now the thing is when we translate the page from ENWIKI, we do not take any measure to Swahilize those small terminologies since the nature it's leading its path, ie, we got we what we need and they don't bother where it's journal or web. Question, what if it's not translatted, anything wrong may happen? And FYI, Journal it's not JARIDA is SHAJARA in Swahili! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 16:23, 5 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::No, Shajara is more of a diary, Meanwhile a journal which is defined as ''either a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or profession or a written record.'' and only Jarida is close to that definition [https://sw.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/jarida] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:10, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::@[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] Based on deep research i did is that most of the articles arr saying Jarida is Journal, But a few gave alternatives using Shajara [https://sw.eferrit.com/journal/] , And even though not notable google translate uses Jarida too [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:22, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I think i have got the difference * 1. Jarida – used when referring to a magazine, newsletter, or periodical publication. * 2. Shajara – used when referring to a personal journal or diary. So '''''Jarida''''' takes it. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:31, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] Do whatever you deem fits. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 15:31, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::Come on , don't do that! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:56, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) == [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] == Adminprotected article. Still fake '''JINO''' in "Charcot-Marie-Jino" error persists there instead of "Charcot-Marie-Tooth" at reference number twelve. Please correct. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:30, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} "Zamshi" understood his errors. Please unblock [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] to permit him edit it. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Request to unprotect source: Hello. Thank you for unblocking my user. I understand My drafts were not upto standard but please kindly unprotect the article so i can continue my work please. I am a student and this is my first time here. Thank you for all the input and changes.Ill make sure to work better. Please kindly let me edit the source for my work. '''[[Mtumiaji:Zamshi|Zamshi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zamshi|majadiliano]])''' 09:31, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::Give him a chance. He wants [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] unprotected. He promises to NOT do other edits except direct article improvement directly at [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Hello,I have tried checking the page again but the protected source is now gone.I understand it was my drafts accidentally published with many mistakes i was trying to fix but is there no chance for me to edit it again please.I am not sure how to move forward without ability to edit, kindly help in that regard please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Zamshi|Zamshi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zamshi|majadiliano]])''' 23:55, 18 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::"Zamshi", please tell again Riccardo Riccioni to UNPROTECT this [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]]. In case of his refusal, wait until 24 June 2024, then protection will expire. Then improve article DIRECTLY, abandon making of additional draft copies and abandon pagemoves.'''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 19 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::Page will be unprotected after ONE hour from now. "Zamshi" REMEMBER: do NOT move/rename [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page, do NOT create additional copies of [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page, directly improve content of [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page where it is now. Simply abandon "DRAFT" roleplaying completely. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 07:54, 19 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Disparity== I don't understand why all this pages below use '''Iran''' and the article itself says '''Uajemi''', The Modern Country is Iran, The Historical Kingdom and entities is '''Persia'''. Only in Informal terms is the modern country referred to as Persia [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=Iran&title=Maalum%3ATafuta&fulltext=search] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:28, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) We discussed with Muddyb and We have agreed that '''Persia''' will be for Historical entities before the Islamic revolution and '''Iran''' will be for the modern day country/political entity [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:15, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Muddyb#Disparity]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 07:23, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) == 100,000 pages == Congratulations on your outstanding contribution to the Swahili Wikipedia in helping it reach the 100,000-article milestone. Your dedication has played a key role in this achievement—well done! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:39, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Thanks to you for the congratulations which I cordially reciprocate. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Msaada wa usahihi wa lugha == Habari ndugu Riccardo, Nina tazamia kufanya utafsiri wa makala inayohusu Ubalozi wa Uingereza nchini Tanzania kutoka lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili Hivyo naomba ukaribu wa kusahihisha pale ninapokosea. Ahsante Amani iwe juu yako '''[[Mtumiaji:Killy95|Killy95]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Killy95|majadiliano]])''' 03:06, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Hakuna wasiwasi, tuko pamoja! Amani kwako pia! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Ancient Sorcerous Empire == WikiBayer - is NOT guardian angel, it is ANNONRIAL/RAVERNAL pure evil: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Gayle157#Elephant_in_Porcelain_Shop]] READ debunking of WikiBayer reverts. '''[[Mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == njia ya kuelewa kwa urahisi teknolojia ya chanzo huria == Nimeona umefuta makala yangu ya "njia ya kuelewa kwa urahisi teknolojia ya chanzo huria" sijajua shida ni nini na ile ni assignmentyangu me ni mwanafunzinimepewa kazi na mwalimu ambayo inabidi nii kusanye tafadhali umefuta makala yangu ya "njia ya kuelewakwa urahisiteknolojia ya chanzo huria" ile ni assignment yangu nimepewa na mwalimu tafadhali me ni mwanafunzi najifunza tafadhali [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-82940|&#126;2025-82940]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-82940|talk]]) 19:24, 28 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Uharabu wa dhahiri == Ndugu Riccardo, Kwa heshima na tahadhima, naomba umfungie mtumiaji huyu analeta ukorofi wa wazi kabisa: [[Maalum:Michango/88 konqvista 88|https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Michango/88_konqvista_88]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Again! :"xX Black Burn Xx" did MAD RVV, in violation of this RULE: :do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves :*https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Souls_of_Black_Folk&diff=1437178&oldid=1437139 :*https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usafirishaji_haramu_wa_binadamu_nchini_Chad&diff=1437179&oldid=1437138 :He is already RVV-ed thoroughly. '''[[Mtumiaji:Keith David Williams|Keith David Williams]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Keith David Williams|majadiliano]])''' 08:11, 13 Julai 2025 (UTC) :{{imefanyika}} == [[Maalum:Michango/Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]] == Repeated breaching of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 16 Julai 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} ZERO reaction to BLOCK for 3 days, [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]] STILL disdained. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-30069-3|&#126;2025-30069-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-30069-3|talk]]) 14:19, 30 Julai 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} ZERO reaction to BLOCK for 1 month, [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]] STILL disdained. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofie_Petersen&diff=1461181&oldid=1461155 REPEATED OFFENSE]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:26, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Lupinga Nyinga}} Ndugu, mimi nashindwa kuelewa ujumbe wako. Wengi mna Kiingereza ngumu kwangu! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:30, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Simple and plain: Maryam_Saleh_Abeid repeatedly uses WIKIPEDIA as references, she repeats this violation despite of her being blocked twice already. Its time for her permanent block. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:36, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I think @[[Mtumiaji:Maryam Saleh Abeid|Maryam Saleh Abeid]] didn't understand your statement in english thats why, i also think she doesnt need to be blocked permanent. :I will address this concern to her in swahili, thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) She even does NOT understand this prohibition included in her "karibu" template. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == SCANDAL == Tell him something on HIS talk to stop his mindless revert campaigns, his last edits are purely destructive: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Michango/xXBlackburnXx Same with WikiBayer. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25621-8|&#126;2025-25621-8]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25621-8|talk]]) 09:24, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) :The Temp Account ist a sock from the LTA. [[:m:Special:CentralAuth/Long Term Sexually Abuse]] '''[[Mtumiaji:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WikiBayer|majadiliano]])''' 10:20, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) What W.B. says about [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-25621-8]] is pure conjecture, self-contradicting, first says with PARTIAL DOUBT "very likely the active polished troll", later calls him some PORN MONGER , i edit from behind Great China Firewall so WTF? [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25655-4|&#126;2025-25655-4]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25655-4|talk]]) 10:31, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Taiwanese Revisionists == Foreign censors falsely insist that CHINA means R.O.C. and not P.R.C. contrary to seat of P.R.C. in United Nations Security Council. They vandalize content and block honest users related to P.R.C. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-29877-5|&#126;2025-29877-5]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-29877-5|talk]]) 10:04, 31 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Jose Kaimlett]] HGN == Carissimo Riccardo, Pace!!! Come stai? Quì fa molto caldo, ma andiamo avanti!!! Per favore, potresti dare un'occhiata a questa pagina che ho appena creato? Grazie mille per il tuo aiuto. Se hai bisogno per l'Italiano o il Portoghese, ci sono!!! A presto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) : Grazie mille!!! Domani celebriamo i dieci anni della dipartita di mio papà Gianpiero (4 agosto, 85 anni); prenderò il Perdono di Assisi. Un forte abbraccio. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Meno male che anche in Italia c'è ancora chi ci crede! Papà riposi in Cristo! Pace anche a te! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:10, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Devzboi == like [[Majadiliano:Devzboi1]], other [[Majadiliano:Devzboil]] MUST be deleted for real please! First DELETE, second PROTECT! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-32681-1|&#126;2025-32681-1]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-32681-1|talk]]) 11:43, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:51, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]], sijaelewa kitu kuhusu KUSANO, ila naona utendaji wa Justine una kasoro nyingi bado. Muamue wenyewe. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:56, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Kusano = interface. Ni kama mwonekano wa sura ya Wikipedia. Mfano hizi jumbe za mabadiliko ya karibuni, vungo viungavyo ukurasa huu, michango ya mtumiaji etc. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:21, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-34016-8]] == Dumbo, Pinocchio, Rescuers, etc... {{ping|Muddyb}}, could you add the Hadithi to these pages? Also, what about creating the other Disney movie pages that don't exist yet? Your OWNtalk STILL editprotected. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34348-8|&#126;2025-34348-8]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34348-8|talk]]) 10:13, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Sure. Will do. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:15, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Muddyb}} When will these pages be made/edited? The ones that need the plots are: * [[Pinocchio (filamu ya 1940)]] * [[Bambi]] * [[The Rescuers]] * [[Home on the Range (filamu ya 2004)]] * [[The Princess and the Frog]] * [[Zootopia]] * [[Moana]] * [[Encanto]] * [[Toy Story]] * [[Monsters, Inc.]] * [[The Incredibles]] * [[Up (filamu)]] * [[Turning Red]] * [[Spies in Disguise]] See [[Kigezo:Katuni za Disney]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-47359-4|&#126;2025-47359-4]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-47359-4|talk]]) 09:09, 28 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-47359-4|~2025-47359-4]] May you should contact me direct instead of coming here and ping me from far away. Oh, I know. I hate temp accounts. I did block my page from you though! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:41, 28 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Page Translation Request == hello,sir I am requesting for translation of the article [[Nyanzi Martin Luther.]] into English please,it can either be in simple English Wikipedia or En Wikipedia,sir I kindly request. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-48323-7|&#126;2025-48323-7]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-48323-7|talk]]) 05:08, 29 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Bonaventura wa Barcelona == Caro Riccardo, Grazie mille per aver tradotto l’articolo del [[Bonaventura wa Barcelona|Beato Bonaventura]] in swahili. Sono di Riudoms, la sua città natale, dove abbiamo una grande devozione per il Beato. Sto cercando di ottenere il maggior numero possibile di traduzioni del suo articolo e oggi, dopo aver pubblicato la traduzione in ceco con l’aiuto di un’amica ceca, ho scoperto la vostra traduzione. Grazie infinite. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jordi G|Jordi G]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jordi G|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala ya Shule ya Sekondari ya Ufundi Ifunda == Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Nimeona umeweka taarifa juu ya makala tajwa kuwa ni kuhusu sehemu isiyojulikana. Bahati mbaya hizi ni shule chache zenye historia kubwa japo hazijulikani. Kuna haja ya kuziangazia kwa kina zaidi. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 20:59, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Aristide Igenukwayo Joviale]] == [[Aristide Igenukwayo Joviale]] = [[ALLI TALESI]] = [[Alli Talesi]] = Kijumla makala haina sifa yoyote ya kuwepo kwenye Wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Reliwei|Reliwei]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Reliwei|majadiliano]])''' 10:52, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] == Please delete all that is listed in [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]]. I do NOT make new pages. I mainly correct after temporary account flood. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 12:24, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Greetings from Germany == Hi Riccardo, do you have a minute or two for me? There is a discussion an my talk page with a member of your local community that insists, that I should stop patrolling for vandalism here. Could you please have a look? '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for your greetings. I noted your discussion but I haven't answered because I don't understand many technology issues. Please, excuse me and ask Muddyb. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the quick reply! I was a little nervous and worried that global CVUs wouldn't be welcome here. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == In italiano :-) == Buongiorno Riccardo, avevamo previsto che gli argomenti inclusi nella mozione potessero diventare "un campo di battaglia" per gente da fuori e vandali vari con voglia di provocare. Con un po' di pazienza e la collaborazione degli Steward e dei GS ho fiducia che si possa trovare il modo di gestire anche questo. (Intanto mi chiedo quali orrori ho scritto sulle vostre pagine usando il traduttore automatico.) Grazie per la collaborazione e la pazienza anche per gli orrori di traduzione... Rinnovo l'invito a contattarci in caso di domande o per qualsiasi necessità legata alle linee guida che vi abbiamo chiesto di approfondire. Buona giornata! '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:13, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Civvì}}Non parlavo del tuo messaggio, ma della pagina in esame. Un tale ha già provveduto a inserirvi il template da me proposto e l'ho ringraziato. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Riccardo io invece ho proprio la certezza che ogni volta che usiamo il traduttore automatico per scrivervi ne escono dei pasticci magari difficili da decifrare. Abbiate pazienza (e se non è troppo lavoro magari sistemate le cose peggiori, ne saremmo davvero grati!). --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 14:56, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Napendekeza mradi wa lugha ya kiswahili == Habari, nimesoma baadhi ya makala, lakini kwa maoni yangu, kama kungekuwa na mradi wa lugha ya Kiswahili, ingefaa zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Moyojnr|Moyojnr]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Moyojnr|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Moyojnr}} Sijaelewa. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:02, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ::In my opinion, if there was a Swahili language project, it would be more useful. '''[[Mtumiaji:Moyojnr|Moyojnr]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Moyojnr|majadiliano]])''' 14:26, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Carlo Acutis]] == Caro Riccardo, Pace!!! Come stai? Io bene. Ho aggiunto una foto della reliquia di san Carlo Acutis. Ti chiedo la gentilezza di tradurre la didascalia, che ho lasciato in Italiano. Grazie mille per il favore, a presto. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) : {{ping|Rei Momo}}Fatto! Prega san Carlo anche per la Tanzania in subbuglio... Pace a tutti! :: Certamente!!! Ho due rosari che mia nipote mi ha portato dalla Tanzania, quando è venuta a fare del volontariato medico dentistico. Clieli hanno dati le suore, ma non ricordo più di quale missione. :: Grazie di tutto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:53, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Update request == Hello, Riccardo Riccioni. Can you remame [[Kigezo:Quebecor Inc.]] to [[Kigezo:Québecor]]? The spelling of Quebecor was officially changed to Québecor in May 2012, with the French accented version the sole name of the conglomerate since then. Sources: https://financialpost.com/news/quebec-puts-accent-on-linguistic-correctness https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/349655/les-actionnaires-de-quebecor-votent-pour-l-ajout-d-un-accent Yours sincerely, '''[[Mtumiaji:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kurcke|majadiliano]])''' 21:53, 10 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you very much. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kurcke|majadiliano]])''' 20:36, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == [[w:de:Benutzer:Knergy/Tansania-Troll]] == Same as [[Maalum:Michango/JasonCarter2004]], now: *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-37592-11]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41344-29]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41170-85]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41607-52]] HOAX articles again. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokobambo|Kokobambo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokobambo|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala za tafsiri ya kompyuta == Ninafikiria kuanzia Jumanne wiki ijayo ama siku 2 za Krismasi nipambane zaidi kuhakikisha ninaboresha hata ziwe mbegu makala zote zilizopo katika jamii ya makala zenye mashaka ili kuondoa ile tagi ya makala ya kompyuta. Ni bora nizifanye kuwa mbegu kuliko kuwa na matini mengi yasiyoakisi maana. Unaonaje hapo mzee wangu? @Muddyb [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41593-39|&#126;2025-41593-39]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41593-39|talk]]) 13:11, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa kabisa! Tupo pamoja! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:15, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Ahsante sana mzee wangu. Maana nimeona kufuata makala 1000+ tutaharibu ile milistoni inayoweka kule katika mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni. Tungepoteza ile trendi yake. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41584-46|&#126;2025-41584-46]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41584-46|talk]]) 22:17, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Answer == Hello, this has to be a misconception. Yesterday I've reverted quite a lot of edits made by LTA Wikinger, who has been haunting me across wikis for some time. I am an editor from pl.wiki with almost 28000 edits, here you can find some more about me: [[:pl:User:Karol739]]. I'll also left the link to the page about Wikinger and his "work": [[:en:Wikipedia:LTA/Wikinger]]. The user is globally locked by WMF, therefore he doesn't have rights to edit on any wiki, so I've reverted everything he did. I don't know Suahili (at all), so if I broke something while doing it, I'm sorry, I can tidy up the mess I've created by mistake, if that's gonna be helpful for your community. Thanks a lot and best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:09, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) You even do not know where this vandal is, your reverts were mistargeted and misapplied, he whom you search looks [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamii%3ALugha_za_Kenya&diff=1475849&oldid=1475848 like this], even today. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41724-17|&#126;2025-41724-17]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41724-17|talk]]) 16:20, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) Making reports about himself is also the thing which he does often in pl.wiki, so here we go ;) If you want to know more about his behaviour, you can reach me out in [[:pl:Wikipedia:Discord]] and [[Maalum:BaruapepeyaMtumiaji/Karol739]]. Again, if I broke something, that must've been done by accident and I'm sorry again. Best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:33, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) Hi, could you please protect my user talk page for some time? The LTA that we've been talking before has been haunting me for some time on sw.wiki. Thanks in advance, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:07, 29 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Vandal == AbuseLogs shows normal edits, but for vandals is silent: https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:AbuseLog [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-43584-58]] = LitTerA, block immediately! '''[[Mtumiaji:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jojaruba|majadiliano]])''' 08:53, 30 Desemba 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Thou never will stop me == [[Maalum:Michango/Carlin_Kikoyo]] [[Maalum:Michango/Carlin_Oscar_Kikoyo]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Kikoyo Kikoyo|Kikoyo Kikoyo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kikoyo Kikoyo|majadiliano]])''' 10:31, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Oscar Kikoyo}}, badala ya kunishukuru kwa kuanzisha ukurasa [[Oscar Kikoyo]], je unataka kutunisha misuli dhidi yangu? Mimi natimiza wajibu wangu tu. Sheria ni kwamba kila mtu anaruhusiwa kuwa na akaunti moja tu, na sheria ni msumeno. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:31, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] please recognize, that the person behind that account is just the same person, which spammed nearly your whole talk-page. Please check your recent changes here for every new account and their language. I can assist you here, but you have the ability to identify a machine-translated text by the LTA which abuses your project as his playground. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] please check RC. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 10:12, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] I don't understand. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:02, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::::RC = Recent changes = [[Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni]]. You LTA was vandalizing (including your talk page) with 3 Accounts which needed a block. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] you may clean up [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]] after your guest was locked with his accounts. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 15 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Buona Qvaresima == Carissimo pe Riccardo, pace e bene!!! Io mi sto preparando alla Pasqua, penso di servire la messa dai miei Barnabiti a Lodi, alla chiesa di san Francesco. Presto lucrerò la santa indulgenza. Ti chiedo un piccolo favore: potresti aprire, o magari anche solamente tradurmi, la pagina che segue? Si tratta di una grande donna lodigiana che ha fatto tanto bene a Lodi e alle donne lodigiane. Grazie mille di tutto e buona Quaresima ancora!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ##################### '''Elena Cazzulani''', conosciuta con il diminutivo di '''Ena''', ([[Lodi]], [[20 Desemba]] [[1920]] - [[Vigevano]], [[23 Juni]] [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Italia]]. Il suo salotto letterario è stato un punto di riferimento per tutta la cultura della città di Lodi e della Lombardia per oltre trenta anni. Ha scritto diverse biografie su donne famose della città di Lodi. La sua famiglia ha fondato il ''Collegio Cazzulani''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827175601/http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |title=C'era una volta il Collegio |publisher=istitutocazzulani.gov.it |accessdate=10 January 2026}}</ref> L'amminstrazione comunale di Lodi le ha dedicato una Via nel 1914. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5907 |title=Intitolate tre nuove vie in zona Codignola |author=Comune di Lodi |date=24 December 2014 |publisher=comune.lodi.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref>; <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilcittadino.it/stories/cultura/lodi-omaggia-sue-figlie-migliori-o_11080_96/ |title=Lodi omaggia le sue figlie migliori |author=Fabio Ravera |date=15 October 2012 |publisher=ilcittadino.it |accessdate=25 February 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref> = Opere di Elena Cazzulani * 1982: ''Cristina di Belgioioso'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1983: ''Il muro sul ponte'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1984: ''Giuseppina Strepponi, biografia'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1985: en col·laboració amb Gilberto Coletto: ''Francesco de Lemene. Poesia e teatro'', Ed. del Campus, Lodi * 1988: ''Il collegio Cazzulani'', Edizioni Lodigraf, Lodi * 1989: ''Maria Hadfield Cosway. Biografia, diari e scritti della fondatrice del collegio delle [[Institut de la Benaventurada Verge Maria|Dame Inglesi]] in Lodi'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1991: ''Il viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1992: ''Carlotta Ferrari da Lodi. Poetessa e musicista'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1993: ''Ritorno al viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L'Immagine, Lodi * 1996: ''Il cielo comincia dal suolo'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi = Bibliografia * <Ercole Ongaro, ''Il Lodigiano nel Novecento: la cultura'', Milano, Franco Angeli, 2006 {{ISBN | 978-88-464-7142-0}} = Marejeo <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] ######################## :{{ping|Rei Momo}}. Volentieri. Naturalmente la via le è stata dedicata nel 2014, non prima della nascita! Buona Quaresima in pace! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:07, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Sììììììììììììì, hai ragione, sono un po' addormentato!!! Ti aiuterò in Francese e Portoghese. Grazie mille ancora. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 11:11, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::Grazie mille per il tuo aiuto!!! Pace!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) == Usahihi wa neno == Habari boss,nimeona umeweka jamii ya Che Zahara,sasa naomba kufahamu usahihi ni upi Wanaharakati wa Singapuri au Wanaharakati wa Singapore?Singapuri ni kiswahili cha Singapore,naomba unielimishe hapo '''[[Mtumiaji:Bycashtz|Bycashtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bycashtz|majadiliano]])''' 18:23, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Bycashtz}}, kama ulivyosema Singapuri ni Singapore kwa kufuata matamshi yake ilivyo kawaida ya Kiswahili. Lakini shida yetu katika Wikipedia hii ni kwamba tumeshindwa kukubaliana kuhusu majina ya nchi mbalimbali: tufuate tahajia ya Kiingereza iliyozoeleka au matamshi yake au jina lililotoholewa zaidi au...? Hivyo jamii zina utata: nyingine zinatumia Kodivaa, nyingine Cote d'Ivoire, nyingine Ivory Coast... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) == NV == [[Maalum:Michango/NATHAN_VERITA$]] = [[Maalum:Michango/Nathan_Veritas]] - destruction impertinente, utilisateur interdit. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-19674-88|&#126;2026-19674-88]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-19674-88|talk]]) 11:23, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Block request == Would you please block @[[User:Gravity Fa11s]] urgently. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:19, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :I have blocked him, but now he go on. I don't know how. What can I do more? Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:20, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Most probably he is using a VPN , Now this will require Meta-Wiki intervention/ Small-Wiki Monitoring Team (SWMT). [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:27, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) Already under GLOBE BAN-ana! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-20430-50|&#126;2026-20430-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-20430-50|talk]]) 07:51, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Bot == Hey! If there's any task you have in mind that requires mass edit and would best be performed by a bot, Please feel free to inform me or if in future you encounter/have that task in mind also don't hesitate to inform me! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:11, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Yes, my friend {{ping|Gayle157}}! I need to add more links in all saints'pages (section: Tazama pia). It may be ease to you by substituting everywhere <nowiki>* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]</nowiki>" with "<nowiki>* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]]</nowiki>" The exceptions are only 1 or 2. I'll provide for them afterward. Thank you very much! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Thanks i'm gonna work on it, But for Clarification when substituting, Should [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] remain, Or should be completely substituted for the new categories. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:02, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::{{ping|Gayle157}} Yes, let you substitute it, because it is included in the larger text. Thanks again! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:04, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::One more thing! You mentioned "I need to add more links in '''all saints'pages"''' , Which pages are this? Are they in a category, Or is the bot going to do a deep search in all pages? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:14, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::{{ping|Gayle157}} We need to substitute everywhere. Of course, all such pages are included in the <nowiki>[[jamii:Watakatifu Wakristo]]</nowiki> but some saints are included in more than one category, e.g. <nowiki>[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]]</nowiki> and also <nowiki>[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]]</nowiki> etc. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::Okay , Got it , I'm gonna work on it. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:06, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:14, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, kweli suala la majina ya nchi ni muhimu na la muda mrefu. Tuliwahi kulijadili kidogokidogo bila kufikia mwafaka. Pengine tungehitaji kukutana uso kwa uso wengi wetu. Majina mengine yanayopendekezwa na kamusi hayatumiki katika uhalisia wa maisha. Kwa mfano sasa hivi nimemuuliza mfanyakazi kama aliwahi kusikia jina Gine. Jibu lake ni hapana. Nilipomuuliza kuhusu Guinea akajibu ndiyo. Pengine tumezoea zaidi majina ya Kiingereza au ya asili. Kila kesi ni ya pekee. Naomba tushirikishe tena wakabidhi wote, la sivyo tutakuwa na kazi kubwa baadaye kurekebisha makala nyingi. Asante kwa juhudi zako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Yes, the central issue still remains: ::'''Who or what should determine the naming of country articles on Swahili Wikipedia?''' ''Should it be the Kamusi, common everyday usage, linguistic scholars, or reliable published sources?'' ::</br> ::Each of these approaches has its own shortcomings. In many cases, Kamusi terms appear too vague and sometimes fail to reflect the native pronunciation or linguistic character of the original names. At the same time, everyday usage has been heavily influenced by English, which has significantly affected the originality and authenticity of Kiswahili naming conventions. ::</br> ::Historically, many modern countries were either unknown to Swahili speakers or did not yet exist in their present form. Because of this, English names were often adopted to fill that linguistic gap. Later, Kamusi attempted to provide Kiswahili alternatives, but some of those adaptations also moved away from both the native pronunciation and natural Kiswahili phonetics. ::</br> ::Personally, I do not believe that either approach is entirely sufficient, especially when it comes to relying solely on common usage. Many names currently in use are borrowed directly from English without proper adaptation to Kiswahili grammar, spelling patterns, or pronunciation. As a result, they often feel linguistically inconsistent and lacking in Kiswahili originality. ::For that reason, I believe every editor should have a voice in these discussions. Decisions of this nature should not depend only on habit or repetition, but also on linguistic consistency, phonetics, reliable sourcing, and community consensus. ::So far, meaningful discussions on this issue have largely stagnated, and little progress has been made toward establishing a clear and consistent standard. ::</br> ::That is why I believe individual effort and active participation from editors are now more important than ever if we truly want to address this matter properly. ::Thanks; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:56, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}} nimesoma alivyoandika {{ping|Muddyb}} kwamba afadhali tufuate kamusi. Hoja zako zinanivutia zaidi kuliko kufuata kamusi, pia kwa sababu kamusi zinatofautiana. Kwa mfano, [[Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili|KKK]] inapendekeza: Gine, Ginebisau na Gineikweta. Shida yetu ni kwamba wengi hawajali sana mambo ya Wikipedia kama hakuna tuzo kutoka Wikimedia... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:35, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) == InternetArchiveBot == Hey! I noticed that some links tagged as dead by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] are actually still working. For example, this URL in the Senegal article is still live: https://www.bouelmogdad.com/en/history/ . There seem to be several other similar cases as well, so I’d appreciate it if these links could be double-checked before removal. Thanks! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 04:50, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, {{ping|Gayle157}}, for this information. I think the first thing to do is to inform the bot's responsible. On my side I'll leave all dead links, because deleting them is not a must. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> == Kiswahili == Hello. I'm looking for Swahili translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? '''[[Mtumiaji:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eurohunter|majadiliano]])''' 18:55, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Yes, {{ping|Eurohunter}} if only a few. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:33, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) bb4kwh3lxzqg5giujvvg2nmomycz1i2 0 15731 1548566 1494964 2026-05-22T18:53:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548566 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Dante-alighieri.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Dante Alighieri jinsi alivyochorwa na [[Giotto di Bondone|Giotto]] wakati wa maisha yake]] '''Dante Alighieri''' ([[14 Mei]]/[[13 Juni]] [[1265]] - 13/[[14 Septemba]] [[1321]]) alikuwa [[mshairi]] bora wa lugha ya [[Kiitalia]], mwenyeji wa mji wa [[Firenze]], [[Italia]]. Anasifiwa kama [[baba]] wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiitalia]] akiwa [[mwanashairi]] maarufu wa kwanza aliyeandika kwa lugha ya watu badala ya [[Kilatini]] cha [[wataalamu]] na [[wasomi]]. Hutazamwa pia kama mshairi muhimu zaidi wa kipindi cha [[zama za kati]] za [[Ulaya]]. Upande wa [[dini]], alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], tena mwanachama wa [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]]. ==Divina Commedia== Kazi yake kuu ni shairi refu la ''[[Divina Commedia]]'' ambamo anatoa habari za [[safari]] yake ya ki[[dhahania]] huko [[ahera]] akipitia [[jehanamu]], [[toharani]] hadi [[paradiso]]. Ndiyo sehemu tatu za shairi lake zinazomwezesha kukiri [[imani]] yake ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] na kuchukua msimamo kuhusu watu na matukio hasa ya wakati wake. <gallery> Image:Dante Nápoles.jpg|[[Sanamu]] ya Dante Alighieri mjini [[Napoli]]. Image:Dante.deathmask.jpg|[[Maskhara]] ya [[uso]] wa Dante Alighieri iliyochukuliwa baada ya [[kifo]] chake. Image:DanteflorenceCEL.jpg|[[Kaburi]] la Dante Alighieri katika [[kanisa]] la Basilica di Santa Croce mjini Firenze </gallery> ==Marejeo== [[File:De vulgari eloquentia.tif|thumb|''De vulgari eloquentia'', 1577]] *{{cite book|last=Allitt |first=John Stewart |authorlink= |title=Dante, il Pellegrino |edition=Edizioni Villadiseriane |language=Italian |publisher=Villa di Serio (BG) |location= |year=2011 |isbn=}} *{{cite book|last=Gardner |first=Edmund Garratt |authorlink=Edmund Garratt Gardner |title=Dante |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |year=1921 |isbn= |oclc=690699123 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/dantedante00gardrich}} *{{cite book|last=Hede |first=Jesper |authorlink= |title=Reading Dante: The Pursuit of Meaning |url=https://archive.org/details/readingdantepurs0000hede |publisher=Lexington Books |location=Lanham |year=2007 |isbn=9780739121962}} *{{cite book|last=Miles |first=Thomas |editor-first=Jon |editor-last=Stewart |title=Kierkegaard and the Patristic and Medieval Traditions |publisher=Ashgate |year=2008 |pages=223–236 |chapter=Dante: Tours of Hell: Mapping the Landscape of Sin and Despair |isbn=9780754663911}} *{{cite book|last=Raffa |first=Guy P. |title=The Complete Danteworlds: A Reader's Guide to the Divine Comedy |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=2009 |isbn=9780226702704}} *{{cite book|last=Scartazzini |first=Giovanni Andrea |authorlink=Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini |title=La Divina Commedia riveduta e commentata (4 volumes) |publisher= |location= |year=1874–1890 |isbn= |oclc=558999245}} *{{cite book|last=Scartazzini |first=Giovanni Andrea |authorlink= |title=Enciclopedia dantesca: dizionario critico e ragionato di quanto concerne la vita e le opere di Dante Alighieri (2 volumes)|publisher= |location= |year=1896–1898 |isbn= |oclc=12202483}} *{{cite book|last=Scott |first=John A. |authorlink= |title=Dante's Political Purgatory |url=https://archive.org/details/dantespoliticalp0000scot |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |year=1996 |isbn=9780585127248}} *{{cite book|last=Seung |first=T. K. |authorlink=T. K. Seung |title=The Fragile Leaves of the Sibyl: Dante's Master Plan |url=https://archive.org/details/fragileleavesofs0000unse |publisher=Newman Press |location=Westminster, MD |year=1962 |isbn= |oclc=1426455}} *{{cite book|last=Toynbee |first=Paget |authorlink= |title=A Dictionary of the Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante |publisher=The Clarendon Press |location=London |year=1898 |isbn= |oclc=343895 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/adictionaryprop00toyngoog}} *{{cite book|last=Whiting |first=Mary Bradford |authorlink= |title=Dante the Man and the Poet |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924011891698 |publisher=W. Heffer & Sons |location=Cambridge |year=1922 |isbn= |oclc=224789}} * Guénon, René (1925). ''The Esoterism of Dante'', trans. by C. B. Berhill, in the ''Perennial Wisdom Series''. Ghent, N.Y.: Sophia Perennis et Universalis, 1996. viii, 72 p. ''N.B''.: Originally published in French, entitled L'Esoterisme de Danté, in 1925. ISBN 0-900588-02-0 ==External links== * [http://www.greatdante.net "Dante Alighieri on the Web"], about the Dante's life, and (complete) work. * [http://www.fullbooks.com/The-Banquet-Il-Convito-1.html The Banquet (Il Convito)] * [http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/DivineCom.html#Dante%20Home The Divine Comedy: A Study Guide about Divine Comedy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/DivineCom.html#Dante%20Home |date=20090703142904 }} * [http://www.centocanti.it/template/contenuto.asp?IDFolder=195&LN=IT The Divine Comedy, Italian] {{Wayback|url=http://www.centocanti.it/template/contenuto.asp?IDFolder=195&LN=IT |date=20070508211327 }} * [http://www.readprint.com/author-2/Dante-Alighieri Dante Alighieri] {{Wayback|url=http://www.readprint.com/author-2/Dante-Alighieri |date=20060326233757 }} and his Divine Comedy in English on [http://www.readprint.com Read Print] {{Wayback|url=http://www.readprint.com/ |date=20080509145414 }} * [http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Fperson=23&Itemid=28 The Online Library of Liberty: Dante's Divine Comedy] {{Wayback|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Fperson=23&Itemid=28 |date=20080723073102 }} Italian text with English translation, Cambridge, 1918. * [http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-2,00.html Guardian Books: small "Author Page"] * [http://www.litweb.net/biography/205/Dante_Alighieri.html LitWeb.net: Dante Alighieri Biography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.litweb.net/biography/205/Dante_Alighieri.html |date=20081010145416 }} * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dante/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Another biography, on his works and bibliography] * The [http://www.worldofdante.org/ World of Dante] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldofdante.org/ |date=20170830160755 }} multimedia, texts, maps, gallery, searchable database, music, teacher resources, timeline * The [http://etcweb.princeton.edu/dante/index.html Princeton Dante Project] {{Wayback|url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/dante/index.html |date=20090603094521 }} texts and multimedia * The [http://dante.dartmouth.edu/ Dartmouth Dante Project] searchable database of commentary * [http://www.danteonline.it/english/home_ita.asp Società Dantesca Italiana (bilingual site)] manuscripts of works, images and text transcripts * [http://dante.ilt.columbia.edu/ "Digital Dante"] {{Wayback|url=http://dante.ilt.columbia.edu/ |date=20040326133000 }} – Divine Comedy with commentary, other works, scholars on Dante * [http://oyc.yale.edu/italian-language-and-literature/ital-310 Yale Course on Dante] * [http://www.intratext.com/catalogo/Autori/Aut11.htm Works] Italian and Latin texts, concordances and frequency lists *{{worldcat id|lccn-n78-95495}} *{{gutenberg author|Dante+Alighieri}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dante}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1265]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1321]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] de9gdysxewdbz623gkdf3xjo17yiyih 4 16648 1548997 1546878 2026-05-23T11:05:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Makala ya 117,000 */ 1548997 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Makala ya 118,000== Tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], [[Wasanii|msanii]] wa Marekani. ==Makala ya 117,000== Tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya [[Muziki|wanamuziki]] [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000 katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]. ==Makala ya 116,000== Tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ya makala ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifikie 116,000. ==Makala ya 115,000== Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia. ==Makala ya 114,000== Tarehe 10 Mei 2026, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. ==Makala ya 113,000== Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. ==Makala ya 112,000== Tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. ==Makala ya 111,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu [[Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini. ==Makala ya 110,000== Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa nchi hiyohiyo. ==Makala ya 109,000== Tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]].. ==Haririo la 1,500,000== Siku hiyohiyo ilikuwa imepata kufanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ianzishwe. ==Makala ya 108,000== Tarehe [[18 Machi]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 108,000 kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. ==Makala ya 107,000== Tarehe [[23 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 107,000 kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], mwanataaluma wa [[Taiwan]]. ==Makala ya 106,000== Tarehe [[11 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 106,000 kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 105,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]]: ndiyo ya 105,000. ==Makala ya 104,000== Mwaka [[2026]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kuwa na makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]]. ==Makala ya 103,000== Tarehe 8 Desemba imetungwa makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. ==Makala ya 102,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]]. ==Makala ya 101,000== Kwa kasi hiyohiyo ya mwaka 2025, Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo la [[Kimalagasy]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. =='''Makala ya 100,000'''== Kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]],‎ tarehe [[23 Juni]] [[2025]] Wikipedia yetu imetimiza idadi ya laki moja! Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kufikia kiwango hicho, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy, na ni ya kwanza kati ya [[lugha za Kiniger-Kongo]]. Tunawashukuru wote, wazima kwa wafu, waliochangia mafanikio hayo. ==Makala ya 99,000== Tarehe [[4 Juni]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 98,000== Tarehe [[9 Machi]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Kirsten Price]].‎ ==Makala ya 97,000== Tarehe [[25 Februari]] 2025 imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]].‎ ==Makala ya 96,000== Tarehe 18 Februari 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Janie Fricke]].‎ ==Makala ya 95,000== Tarehe [[6 Februari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]].‎ ==Makala ya 94,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]]. ==Makala ya 93,000== Tarehe [[22 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 93,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] [[Grant Needham]]. ==Makala ya 92,000== Tarehe [[13 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]].‎ ==Makala ya 91,000== Tarehe [[6 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu [[mwanasiasa]] [[Saka Isau]].‎ ==Makala ya 90,000== Tarehe [[11 Desemba]] [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 1,000 kwa siku mbili tu. ==Makala ya 89,000== Tarehe [[9 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 10,000 kwa mwaka mmoja tu. Hongera kwa wote waliochangia. ==Makala ya 88,000== Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 88,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]].‎ ==Makala ya 87,000== Tarehe [[22 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 87,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda [[Nicholas Lindsay]].‎ ==Makala ya 86,000== Tarehe [[7 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 86,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Juma Ndiwa]].‎ ==Makala ya 85,000== Tarehe 20 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]]. ==Makala ya 84,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]].‎‎ ==Makala ya 83,000== Tarehe 19 Septemba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 83,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jacques Riparelli]]. ==Makala ya 82,000== Tarehe 10 Julai 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]]. ==Makala ya 81,000== Tarehe 11 Juni 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 ambayo inahusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 80,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 ambayo inahusu [[mwandamizi]]. ==Mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania== Tarehe [[20 Aprili]] 2024 tumemaliza kuingiza taarifa za [[kata]] zote nchini [[Tanzania]] kufuatana na [[sensa]] ya mwaka 2022. ==Makala ya 79,000== Tarehe 9 Desemba [[2023]] Wikipedia hii imefikia makala ya 79,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya kata ya [[Chemchem (Unguja)]] katika mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania. {{Infobox_Person | jina =Kipala | nchi =Ujerumani | majina_mengine = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kufariki =10 Julai 2023 | mahala_alipofia = | sababu_ya_kifariki = | anajulikana kwa = | kazi_yake = Mchungaji | cheo =Mchungaji | mshahara = | kipindi = | alitanguliwa_na = | akafuatiwa_na = | chama = | bodi = | dini = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | mahusiano = | tovuti = | maelezo = | mwajiri = | urefu = | uzito = }} ==Kifo cha Kipala== Tarehe [[10 Julai]] 2023 mwenzetu bureaucrat [[mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ameaga dunia. Mchungaji wa Kilutheri na mmisionari katika nchi mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Iran]], Ingo Koll amefariki nyumbani mwake nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alichangia sana kamusi elezo ya lugha yetu tangu tarehe 13 Machi 2006 hadi tarehe 28 Juni 2023. Mbali ya hilo, alikuwa kiungo kikuu katika kutuweka pamoja kama Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Alitoa mchango mkubwa sana katika kuistawisha na katika mijadala mbalimbali, pamoja na kutuwakilisha kimataifa. Mwenyezi Mungu amjalie raha ya milele. Amina. Tarehe 13 Mei 2023 alikuwa amemuandikia [[mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|ndugu Rikardo]]: "Juzi daktari aliniarifu kwamba nimepata kansa. Aina hiyo kwenye kongosho inaweza kuendelea haraka sana, lakini kuna uwezekano fulani wa tiba itakayoongeza muda kidogo ... labda mwaka 1 au miwili. Hadi sasa sisikii matatizo lakini nahisi maumivu yatakuja, na matokeo ya tiba ya madawa makali yataniathiri pia. Kwa hiyo - sijui sasa nitaweza kuendelea kwa muda gani. Wiki ijayo naingia hospitalini kwa utafiti zaidi. Sidhani ni wakati wa kuaga sasa. Sina hamu ya kupokea wimbi la "pole". Tangu nimepita umri wa miaka 70 nilijiambia "kuanzia sasa hakuna cha kulalamika", maana katika kazi yangu nimezika watu mamia nilipenda kusoma zaburi ya 90. Nachukua wakati wangu kama zawadi. Sikutegemea nitapatwa na kansa ya haraka vile lakini sioni faida ya kulalamika. Hadi sasa maisha yangu yamekuwa mazuri sana, nina kila sababu kumshukuru Mungu na kushukuru watu niliokuta kwenye njia zangu. Hii ni pamoja na wewe!" ==Makala ya 78,000== Tarehe [[15 Juni]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 78,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Jamil Adam]] katika mradi wa [[Mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]]. ==Makala ya 77,000== Tarehe [[25 Machi]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 77,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chomutov]], [[mji]] wa [[Ucheki]]. ==Wakabidhi wapya wanne== Mwezi Aprili 2023 ulifanyika uchaguzi wa wakabidhi wapya. Kati ya 6 waliogombea, 4 wamechaguliwa kwa kupata zaidi ya nusu ya kura halali. Kazi njema, ndugu! ==Makala ya 76,000== Tarehe [[23 Desemba]] [[2022]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 76,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Bouhjar]], [[mji]] wa [[Tunisia]]. ==Makala ya 75,00== Tarehe [[17 Septemba]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 75,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Kouandé]], [[mji]] wa [[Benin]]. ==Makala ya 74,00== Tarehe [[15 Julai]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 74,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ghuba ya Venezuela]]. ==Makala ya 73,00== Tarehe [[6 Juni]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 73,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Frenda]], mji wa [[Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 72,00== Tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 72,000. Kwa kuwa makala nyingi zimetungwa kwa mashindano, kuna kazi kubwa ni kuziweka sawa. ==Makala ya 71,00== Tarehe [[23 Aprili]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 71,000 kwa makala nyingi za mradi wa [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki|Arusha Editathon Muziki]]. ==Makala ya 70,00== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 70,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ilesa]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 69,000== Tarehe [[11 Januari]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 69,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Maroua]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Kamerun]]. ==Makala ya 68,000== Tarehe [[29 Oktoba]] [[2021]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 68,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chambishi]] katika mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 67,000== Tarehe [[9 Septemba]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 67,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Nairagie Ngare]] katika mradi wa [[vijiji]] vya [[Kenya]]. ==Makala ya 66,000== Tarehe [[14 Agosti]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 66,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Makutano]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 65,000== Tarehe [[5 Julai]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 65,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mwea]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 64,000== Tarehe [[19 Juni]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imevuka idadi ya 64,000 kutokana na tendo la kurudisha makala 907 lililofanywa na steward aliyekuwa amezifuta kwa mkupuo mmoja mwaka 2020. ==Makala ya 63,000== Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021 mradi wa Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha kuhusu viwanja vya michezo umefikisha Wikipedia yetu hadi kutunga makala ya 63,000 na kusonga mbele haraka. Hongera na asante kwa wahusika wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 62,000== Tarehe [[7 Mei]] 2021 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Italia]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 62,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 7 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 61,000== Tarehe [[15 Machi]] 2021 mradi wa [[watakatifu]] [[Wakristo]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 61,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Agrikola wa Chalon]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:19, 15 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 60,000== Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 60,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Rubirizi (Muramvya)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 20 Agosti 2020 (UTC) Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] 2020 Wikipedia yetu imetimiza tena idadi hiyo baada ya kukatwa makala 800 hivi hapo katikati (mpaka sasa hatujajua ilikuwaje). Ukurasa husika ni juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Andrea Avellino]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 8 Novemba 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 59,000== Tarehe [[22 Mei]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[miji ya Rwanda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 22 Mei 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 58,000== Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Burundi|mito ya Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 3 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 57,000== Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[wachezaji mpira]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:44, 18 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 56,000== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:36, 10 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 55,000== Tarehe [[13 Desemba]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|Watakatifu wa Afrika]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 13 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 54,000== Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 makala ya 54,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[wafiadini]] wa [[Afrika]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 4 Oktoba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 53,000== Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 makala ya 53,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka [[Cote d'Ivoire]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 11 Agosti 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 52,000== Tarehe [[16 Julai]] 2019 makala ya 52,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Rwoho]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:55, 16 Julai 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 51,000== Tarehe [[31 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 51,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Osia]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 31 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 50,000== Tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 50,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ocere]]. Hatimaye tumefikia hatua hiyo kubwa! Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 3 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 49,000== Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 makala ya 49,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wangodugu]]. Tukazane ili kufikia mapema ya 50,000! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ::Hongera sana Ndugu Riccardo kwa michango yako!! Na asante!'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:58, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 48,000== Tarehe [[7 Februari]] 2019 makala ya 48,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:30, 7 Februari 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 47,000== Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] [[2018]] makala ya 47,000 imetungwa kuhusu mto Olkimatare. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:26, 8 Novemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 46,000== Tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] 2018 makala ya 46,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wakavi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:41, 15 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Ukurasa wa 100,000== Tarehe [[5 Oktoba]] 2018, kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Thiririka]], Wikipedia yetu imefikia ukurasa wa 100,000 zikihesabiwa si makala tu, bali pia kurasa za maelekezo, majadiliano, watumiaji n.k. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Baba Tabita kuaga== Tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2018, huyo mchangiaji wetu mkuu ameandika ili kutuaga baada ya kazi ya miaka 12 na kisha kuugua kwa muda mrefu, akisema hajui kama ataweza kuchangia tena. Tunazidi kumuombea kwa Mwenyezi Mungu aweze kupona na kuendelea nasi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 26 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 45,000== Tarehe [[12 Agosti]] [[2018]] makala ya 45,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ilangi]], [[Korongo (jiografia)|korongo]] wa [[Kenya]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 12 Agosti 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 44,000== Tarehe [[30 Julai]] [[2018]] makala ya 44,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Nyairoko]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 30 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 43,000== Tarehe [[7 Julai]] makala ya 43,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Kaptarit]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:36, 7 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 42,000== Tarehe 21 Mei 2018, makala ya 42,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Jigulu]]. Mbele kwa mbele! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:18, 21 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 41,000== Tarehe 2 Mei 2018, makala ya 41,000 ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] kuhusu [[Mto Ligunga]]. Tusonge mbeleee! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) :Ninja [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] katika ubora wake. Safi sana! Tunasonga. Sasa hivi tutafika walipo Afrikaans!--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 08:22, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 40,000== Tarehe 17 Machi 2018, makala ya 40,000 (AROBAINI ELFU, jamani!) ni kuhusu mlima [[Nidze]]. Makala ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. Asante na hongera, Mzee! Sherehe itafanyika wapiii? Tupo pamoja katika furaha na fahari. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) :Sasa niseme tu, zama zangu zimeisha! Nyakati zangu nilipiga buku ndani ya wiki 2. Furaha iliyopo hadi mgonjwa umeamka kitandani. Pole sana mzee wangu, Oliver, na ahsante kwa taarifa!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="blue">_{'''Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span><font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 12:37, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) ::Kweli tunahitaji sherehe. Hongereni ndugu zangu wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|Ndesanjo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|majadiliano]])''' 23:44, 30 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 39,000== Tarehe 24 Desemba 2017, makala ya 39,000 imeandikwa. Sasa tunalenga ya 40,000: tujitahidi pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 13 Januari 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 38,000== Tarehe 12 Oktoba 2017, makala ya 38,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Kamnarok]], [[ziwa]] lililokauka la [[Kenya]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 21:16, 13 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 37,000== Tarehe 30 Julai 2017, makala ya 37,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Ambussel]], ziwa dogo la [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 30 Julai 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 36,000== Tarehe 20 Mei 2017, makala ya 36,000 ni kuhusu [[Abdallah Majurah Bulembo]], mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na Ndugu [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luhazi|Luhazi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 20 Mei 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 35,000== Tarehe 12 Januari 2017, makala ya 35,000 ni kuhusu mwandishi [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] aliyepokea [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Ushairi]] mwaka wa 1992. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 10:41, 12 Januari 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 33,000== 18 Aprili 2016, makala ya 33,000 ni [[Kio'du]], lugha ya [[Vietnam]] na [[Laos]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 18 Aprili 2016 (UTC) ==Haririo la 1,000,000== Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yamefikia [[idadi]] ya [[milioni]] 1. ==Makala ya 30,000== Nimejitahidi lakini nahisi aliyepita ni Riccardo mnamo tar. 21. Septemba 2015, sina uhakika makala gani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:32, 23 Septemba 2015 (UTC) :Ni [[Historia ya Madagaska]] tarehe 22 Septemba 2015. Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 24 Septemba 2015 (UTC) ==Makala ya 29,000== *13 Juni 2015, makala ya 29,000 ni [[Pembe kuu‎]] (pembe ya 180°, isiyoonekana kama pembe inafanana na mstari wa kawaida...) ==Warsha ya Wikipedia Morogoro== Tarehe 21 Machi 2015, wahariri wafuatao walitoa warsha ya kuandika na kuhariri makala za wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa walimu na wanafunzi wa [http://www.alfagems.com/ shule ya sekondari ya AlfaGems] mjini [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]]: [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], [[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] na [[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] (bahati mbaya, [[Mtumiaji:Muddyb Blast Producer|Muddyb Blast Producer]] alibanwa kazini na kutoweza kuhudhuria). Tumefurahi kuona mafanikio mema! <gallery> Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 1.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 1 Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 2.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 2 Morogoro 2015 warsha ya wanafunzi 3.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 3 Warsha wanafunzi.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 4 Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - Wikipedia imefika!.jpg|Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefika Alfagems SS Warsha ya walimu.jpg|Walimu walikuwa na warsha yao pia Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - wikipedia imefika hadi chumba hiki.jpg|Hapo iko chumba cha kompyuta ambako wanafunzi zaidi ya 60 waliangalia nafasi zilizopo kwenye wikipedia ya Kiswahili </gallery> ==Makala ya 28,000== *25 Januari 2015, makala ya 28,000 ni [[Kipaici]], lugha ya [[Kaledonia Mpya]]. ==Makala ya 22,000== *28 Oktoba 2011 imefika makala 22,000! ==Makala ya 20,000== [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] * 21 Agosti 2010: mji wa [[Dordrecht]] ;-) ==Makala ya 15,000== * 25 Desemba 2009 (UTC) :-) '''Mlimba''' ni tarafa iliyopo katika wilaya ya Kilombero katika Mkoa wa Morogoro. Ipo umbali wa kilomita 150 kutoka Ifakara mjini. Tarafa ya Mlimba ina ujumla wa kata 6. Kata ya Tanganyika Masagati ni kata maarufu sana katika tarafa ya Mlimba. Ipo umbali usiopungua kilomita 100 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Tarafa hii inakabiliwa na matatizo mbalimbali ikiwemo ya usafiri, utumishi wa umma {walimu,madaktari n.k}. Wakazi wa mlimba wanategemea zaidi usafiri wa TAZARA. Kata ya Mlimba ina shule za msingi zisizopungua 10 na sekondari 3.Tarafa ya Mlimba ina shule zaidi ya 30 za msingi na 8 za sekondari. Moja kati ya shule maarufu ni shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA na shule ya sekondari MLIMBA GIRLS. Shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA ipo umbali wa kilomita 10 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Shule hii ipo katika kijiji cha Makirika. Ina walimu 4 {Donatus Dacky, Abel Michael, John Justine na Selemani Mkonje},shule ina darasa la awali hadi la saba! Pia katika tarafa ya mlimba utakutana na mgodi wa umeme{KIHANSI}... imehaririwa na selemani mkonje ==Maendeleo ya makala za kata nchini [[Tanzania]]== Makala za kata zinafuata majina ya kata yaliyotajwa katika taarifa ya sensa 2002. Kata zilizoanzishwa baadaye kwa kawaida hazipo bado. Kata zote za Tanzania zimepata makala fupi ya mbegu; mengine yameshapanushwa. Ilikuwa kazi kubwa na ya maana! Kazi inayobaki ni kufuatilia habari za wilaya mpya zilizoanzishwa mwaka 2006/2007 kwa sababu orodha ya kata iliyopatikana ilikuwa ya sensa ya mwaka 2002. Pale tulipotambua wilaya mpya tulianza makala ya wilaya pia kigezo cha kata zake isipokuwa bado bila majina. Kata ya wilaya mpya bado zinaorodheshwa chini ya chini ya wilaya mama. Mifano ya wilaya mpya ni [[Wilaya ya Misenyi]], [[Wilaya ya Chato]], [[Wilaya ya Rorya]]. ==Mikoa ya Tanzania ambayo kata zote zimeanzishwa makala ya mbegu== [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] | [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] | [[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] | [[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] | [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] | [[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] | [[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] | [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] | [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] | [[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] | [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] | [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini |Pemba Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] | [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] | [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] | [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] | [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] | [[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] ==Wikipedia yetu katika orodha ya [[meta:List of Wikipedias by edits per article]]== [[Meta:List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles]] inalinganisha wikipedia za lugha mbalimbali kwenye msingi wa orodha la [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]]. Katika ulinganisho wa Aprili 2009 makala zifuatazo ziliangaliwa hasa kuwa ama zinekosekana kabisa au ni fupi mno au ziko na ukubwa karibu na ngazi inayofuata (kati ya ndogo-wastani-kubwa na kila ngazi inapewa uzito tofauti katika ulinganisho). Majina yafuatayo ni katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza. #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Song Song] ([[Wimbo|wimbo - alama 463 pekee]]) #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Crusades Crusades] - [[vita za misalaba]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Communism Communism] - [[ukomunisti]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Culture Culture] - [[utamaduni]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Big Bang Big Bang] - [[mlipuko mkuu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Evolution Evolution] - [[mageuko ya spishi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Democracy Democracy] - [[demokrasia]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Horse Horse] - [[farasi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Basketball Basketball] - [[mpira wa kikapu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Fascism Fashism] - [[ufashisti]] --'''[[User:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[User talk:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 9 Aprili 2009 (UTC) == Mradi mpya: [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]]== Baada ya kutunga makala za mbegu kwa kila kata ya [[Tanzania]] tunalenga sasa kufanya kazi hiyohiyo kwa kata zote za Kenya. Ukurasa [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]] umeundwa kwa muda kwa kurahisisha utekelezaji wa mradi huu. Orodha hii inafikiwa pia kwa kifupi[[ kata Kenya]]. == Swahili Wikipedia now the largest African language Wikipedia == Apologies for the English, I don't speak Swahili, but I thought I'd let everyone know that Swahili has just passed Afrikaans as the largest African language Wikipedia. Congratulations! See [http://www.greenman.co.za/blog/?p=614 greenman.co.za] for more information. '''[[Mtumiaji:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Greenman|majadiliano]])''' 22:12, 3 Agosti 2009 (UTC) ::It was time! - Don't you think so? - Congratulations!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 13:48, 10 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==The Nairobi Hospital== Apologies for the English, my Kiswahili are not that good. I've been writting an article (at the el:Wikipedia) about the "[[:el:The Nairobi Hospital]]" and I do not have any pictures to support it. Can somebody from the Nairobi area, take several pictures of "The Nairobi Hospital" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 8 Septemba 2018 (UTC)<br/> P.S. I am particullarly interested of the "Galanos Block".<br/> --'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:05, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Galanos sulphur baths== Additive to The Nairobi Hospital request, I have another one, the following: I have written the [[:el:Galanos sulphur baths]] at the Greek Wikipedia and do not have any pictures to accompany it. Can somebody from the [[:el:Tanga Region]], take several photographs of the "Galanos thermal springs" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:01, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) :Thanks for your contribution. We are a small group, at the moment I am not aware of anybody around Tanga. Lets see if we find someone. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:44, 19 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ::Dear '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]]''', thank you very much for your response, I'll be waiting and hoping.<br/> ::With kindest regards!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 07:48, 22 Septemba 2018 (UTC) == Afrocuration == Hi all. I will be adding 4 articles relating to the Afrocuration project to add articles relating to Covid-19. Namely, [[Utambuzi|Medical Diagnosis]], [[Ugonjwa unaopitishwa hewani|Airborne Disease]], Hand Washing, [[Athari ya pandemia ya Korona 2019-20 kwa mazingira|Environmental impact]]. Kind regards '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 6 Juni 2020 (UTC) : {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} can I upload the other 2 articles? '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:17, 8 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::If you used computer translation, it's better if you don't upload them. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::: The 2 pages I created was made through an Afrocuration project done by translators that do speak Kiswahili and was not made through the content creation tool. Unfortunately I cannot gauge the quality of these articles. Were the other 2 of such poor quality that I shouldn't upload them? Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::: Truly, the first one was very poor, the second one was a little better. Many times Swahili speakers are not so good translators! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:36, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::::: Thanks a lot for your honest feedback. I will ask that the other 2 articles first be proofread. If anyone is keen to help the Google docs are available [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# here] and [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1huDcJvyIdWk3QT1EDmOUNjfXIGRMuzr79n0S9z4bJls/edit# here]. Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:02, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::: Both articles need many corrections, though they are understandable. Let you upload them, then we will try to work on them. Thank you for your care and humble attitude. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:37, 10 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::::::::: Asante sana kwa maoni yako ya kweli. Nitauliza kwamba nakala zingine 2 kwanza zihakikiwe. Ikiwa mtu yeyote ana hamu ya kusaidia hati za Google zinapatikana [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# hapa] na '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 08:47, 13 Juni 2020 (UTC) ==Wikipedia pages Wanting Photos #WPWP== Habari wachangiaji, katika mradi wa WPWP unaoendelea hivi sasa, kuna fujo nyingi za wachangiaji wakati wa kuongeza picha, kama kuacha maneno ya lugha nyingine katika maelezo juu ya picha. Hivyo ni ombi langu kwa wachangiaji angalau kupitia hizi makala na kufanya masahihisho. [[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Michango/Tarih&offset=&limit=500&target=Tarih|Angalia kiungo hiki]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ni kweli. Kwa tamaa ya tuzo wengine wanaongeza picha yoyote na maandishi yasiyo sahihi. Sisi hatuna muda wa kupitia kazi hizo zote. Hata hivyo kwa jumla faida fulani ipo. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:01, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Have you Voted?== Hi all, There are 16 eligible voters in Swahili Wikipedia for the ongoing [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections]]. But only one 3 people have voted so far. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is still ongoing. Votes will be accepted until 23:59 31 August 2021 (UTC). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wgyP3fNI4M 2021 Wikimedia Board election video]:Please watch and share this widely so we can motivate more participation from all eligible voters! Please visit [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board Elections 2021|here]] to cast your vote. You can also read more about the candidates [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|here]] Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:07, 26 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result == Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:49, 8 Septemba 2021 (UTC) ==Campaigns Ambassador Contractor Opening For African French, Arabic And Swahili Speakers== Dear Swahili Wikipedia Community, The [[m:Campaigns|Campaigns Team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is excited to announce that it seeks a '''Campaigns Ambassador''' with experience working in the French, Arabic or Swahili Wikipedia communities in Africa. The campaign ambassador will support our product and programs team in providing support and advising to campaign organizers and improve the campaign organizing journey. The Campaigns Ambassador will be supporting the rollout of tools and features to support campaign organizers, in the communities we are building for. Kindly confirm further details and requirements about the role in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ddp1mWyzZXtPppQl9ovzjgxBBClmL4EGFc7_58kN1is/edit '''attached job description''']. All interested applicants should submit a copy of their curriculum vitae (CV) and cover letter via email to '''fnartey@Wikimedia.org''' and copy '''ifried@wikimedia.org''' by 28th November 2021. If you have any further questions about the role kindly contact '''jjonsson@wikimedia.org'''. Thank you. Best, <br> Imelda ==Voting closes soon on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct== : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement%2FVoting+3&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language] : Hello all, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|Voting]] closes on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] at '''23.59 UTC''' today, '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|voter information page on Meta-wiki]] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote. More information on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process is available in this [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]]. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:14, 31 Januari 2023 (UTC) s75l6ksleme6jbimztn0dk5e9860huf 0 16869 1548806 1444107 2026-05-23T04:43:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:George Gordon Byron2.jpg|thumb|250px|Byron]] '''George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron''' ([[22 Januari]] [[1788]] – [[19 Aprili]] [[1824]]) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi mashuhuri nchini [[Uingereza]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kwa cheo chake cha kikabaila kama '''Lord Byron'''. Alikuwa mrithi wa mali kubwa hivyo aliweza kuendesha maisha kufuatana na mapenzi yake tu. Alikuwa maarufu kwa wapenzi wake wengi. Pamoja na kuandika alisafiri mahali pengi katika nchi za [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]]. Tangu 1816 alihamia [[Italia]] alipojiingiza katika kundo la kisiasa lililolenga kuanzisha mapinduzi dhidi ya utawala wa [[Austria]] katika Italia ya Kaskazini. Aliamriwa kukaa katika mji wa Pisa bila kibali cha kutoka nje akatumia muda kwa mashairi. 1823 alipokea wito kutoka [[Ugiriki]] akawa kiongozi wa jeshi la Wagiriki waliopigania vita ya Uhuru dhidi ya [[Milki ya Osmani|Waturuki Waosmani]]. Hapa alikufa 1824 baada ya kungonjeka. Wagiriki wanamkumbuka hadi leo kama msaidizi wa uhuru wao. === Kazi zake === * [http://readytogoebooks.com/LB-Eng-P1.html English Bards and Scotch Reviewers] {{Wayback|url=http://readytogoebooks.com/LB-Eng-P1.html |date=20080705033439 }}(1809) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205842/http://www.geocities.com/~bblair/chpindex.htm Childe Harold's Pilgrimage] (1818) * [http://www.photoaspects.com/chesil/byron/giaour.html The Giaour] (1813) * [[Wikisource:The Prisoner of Chillon|The Prisoner of Chillon]] (1816) * [[Wikisource:Manfred, a dramatic poem|Manfred]] 1817) === Kazi ndogo === * [[Wikisource:So We'll Go No More A-Roving|So, we'll go no more a roving]] * [[Wikisource:The First Kiss of Love|The First Kiss of Love]] (1806) * [[Wikisource:Thoughts Suggested by a College Examination|Thoughts Suggested by a College Examination]] (1806) * [[Wikisource:To a Beautiful Quaker|To a Beautiful Quaker]] (1807) * ''[[The Cornelian]]'' (1807) ([[Wikisource:The Cornelian|text on Wikisource]]} * [[Wikisource:Lines Addressed to a Young Lady|Lines Addressed to a Young Lady]] (1807) * [[Wikisource:Lachin y Gair|Lachin y Garr]] (1807) * [[Wikisource:Epitaph to a Dog|Epitaph to a Dog]] (1808) * [[Wikisource:She walks in Beauty|She Walks in Beauty]] (1814) == Viungo vya Nje == {{Wikiquote|Lord Byron}} {{Commons|George Gordon Byron}} * [http://www.east-durham.co.uk/seaham/byronswalk/ Pictures of Byron's Walk, Seaham, County Durham] {{Wayback|url=http://www.east-durham.co.uk/seaham/byronswalk/ |date=20080315034838 }} * [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=81299 Poems by Lord Byron at PoetryFoundation.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=81299 |date=20100505083050 }} * [http://podcasts.farraige.com Podcast—Listen Live or download Audio of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage by Lord Byron] * [http://www.johnkeats.org A Website of the Romantic Movement] {{Wayback|url=http://www.johnkeats.org/ |date=20080724233225 }} * {{gutenberg author | id=George_Byron | name=George Byron}} * [http://www.byronsociety.com The Byron Society] * [http://www.byronjournal.com The Byron Society's Journal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.byronjournal.com/ |date=20210211163612 }} * [http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org The International Byron Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org/ |date=20140922213935 }} * [http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/byron.htm Byron's Grave] * [http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/ Detailed site on Newstead Abbey, Byron's ancestral home, and on Byron's life in general] {{Wayback|url=http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/ |date=20220814034612 }} * [http://www.hucknall-parish-church.org.uk/byron.htm Hucknall Parish Church, Byron's final resting place] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hucknall-parish-church.org.uk/byron.htm |date=20100501160949 }} * [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=501 Statue of Byron at Trinity College, Cambridge] {{Wayback|url=http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=501 |date=20090521182856 }} * [http://mykeep.com/lordbyron/poems.html Complete list of Byron poetry] * [http://www.rc.umd.edu/reference/chronologies/byronchronology/index.html The Byron Cronology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rc.umd.edu/reference/chronologies/byronchronology/index.html |date=20100407202819 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/5131 ''Childe Harold's Pilgrimage''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/5131 |date=20080708214104 }} * [http://www.glbtq.com/literature/byron_gg.html Discussion of Byron's homosexuality] {{Wayback|url=http://www.glbtq.com/literature/byron_gg.html |date=20140411013923 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/8861 ''Byron's Poetical Works, Vol. 1''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/8861 |date=20041011002744 }} * [http://www.classicistranieri.com/english/1/8/7/6/18762/18762-h/18762-h.htm ''Byron's Poetical Works, Vol. 6''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.classicistranieri.com/english/1/8/7/6/18762/18762-h/18762-h.htm |date=20120229232728 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/8901 ''The Works Of Lord Byron, Letters and Journals, Vol. 1''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/8901 |date=20080708204501 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/9921 ''The Works of Lord Byron: Letters and Journals, Vol. 2''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/9921 |date=20041011010020 }} * [http://www.iatp.am/byron/years.htm Byron's 1816-1824 letters to Murray and Moore about Armenian studies and translations] * The biography ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/10100 Byron] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/10100 |date=20081015213036 }}'' by [[John Nichol]] * [http://www.online-literature.com/quotes/quotation_search.php?author=George%20Gordon%20Noel%20Byron,%20Lord%20Byron Byron quotes] * [http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/lord-byron/ Lord George Gordon Byron—Biography & Works] {{Wayback|url=http://www.literaturecollection.com/a/lord-byron/ |date=20041207001858 }} * [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/research/byron/ Centre for Byron Studies, University of Nottingham] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/research/byron/ |date=20040202102341 }} * [http://www.fantasmagoriana.com The first Full English translation of Fantasmagoriana (Tales of The Dead)] * [http://www.online-literature.com/byron/ Byron page on The Literature Network] * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0126406/ Films based on Byron's life and works] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/byron.shtml 2003 television dramatization of Byron's life by the] [[BBC]] * [http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/menagerie.htm Detailed account of Byron's love for animals] {{Wayback|url=http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/menagerie.htm |date=20210516091018 }} * [http://readytogoebooks.com/LB-dog63.htm Inscription on the monument to Boatswain, Byron's dog] {{Wayback|url=http://readytogoebooks.com/LB-dog63.htm |date=20080524041049 }} * [http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/menagerie.htm More on Byron's Newfoundland dogs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.praxxis.co.uk/credebyron/menagerie.htm |date=20210516091018 }} * [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/research/fa/byron.html Byron manuscripts at the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/research/fa/byron.html |date=20100606223449 }} * [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9794095 George Gordon, Lord Byron] at Find-A-Grave {{Mbegu-mwandishi-Ulaya}} {{BD|1788|1824|Byron, George}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Jamii:Washairi wa Uingereza]] rni3h19wmc3nyem105z2ixw28lg3mx8 0 20634 1548994 1546876 2026-05-23T11:04:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Maendeleo */ 1548994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Website | jina = [[Picha:Wikipedia-favicon.png|16px|Favicon of Wikipedia]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | screenshot = | logo = [[Picha:Wikipedia-logo-v2-sw.svg|140px]] | maelezo ya picha = Logo ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | kisara = http://sw.wikipedia.org/ | kibiashara = Hapana | mahala = [[Miami, Florida]] | aina = [[Kamusi elezo|Mradi 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Ilianzishwa [[tarehe]] [[8 Machi]] [[2003]], na tarehe [[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]], imefikia makala zipatazo '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''', [[idadi]] inayoifanya iwe Wikipedia ya 72 (kati ya 345 zilizo hai) kwa [[hesabu]] ya makala zote. Mwaka [[2019]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili iliangaliwa mara 65,856 kwa siku, [[mwaka]] [[2020]] mara 73,056 na mwaka 2021 (Januari-Oktoba) 83,595 ambayo inakaribia kuwa sawa na mara 3,500 kwa [[saa]]. Mwaka huo kurasa zilizotazamwa zilikuwa 70,419,110, sawa na 192,929 kwa siku na 8,038 kwa saa. Idadi hiyo imezidi kuongezeka kwa kuwa kwenye mwezi Mei 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa mara 240,641 kwa siku na mnamo Juni 2024 mara 275,415 kwa siku. Karibu [[nusu]] ya wasomaji wetu wako [[Tanzania]], ingawa [[asilimia]] hucheza [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] kwa mwezi. Kwa mfano, mnamo Juni 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa kutoka Tanzania 40%, [[Kenya]] 17%, [[Marekani]] 13%, [[Uhindi]] 5%, [[Urusi]] na [[Nigeria]] 4%, nchi zote nyingine 17%. Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilikuwa inafunguliwa na 0,01% ya wanaofungua Wikipedia duniani kote mwezi Septemba 2018, ikiwa katika nafasi ya 65 kati ya lugha zote. Takwimu husika zinacheza kirahisi kama, kwa mfano, kutokana na habari zinazotangazwa na [[vyombo vya habari]], watu wengi wanatafuta habari zaidi kwenye [[intaneti]], maana Waswahili walioko Marekani si wengi sana, lakini wana urahisi wa kutumia intaneti, hivyo wanaweza wakawazidi watumiaji wa Tanzania ambako watu wengi bado hawana njia ya kutumia mtandao. Mwezi huohuo, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,10% za wasomaji wote duniani; kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,04% tu za wasomaji wote duniani. Mnamo Januari mwaka [[2021]] kati ya waliofungua [[Wikipedia]] nchini [[Tanzania]], 14% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili. Kumbe nchini Kenya waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 4% tu, lakini kuna ongezeko kubwa, kwa sababu mnamo Septemba 2018, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,08% za wasomaji wote duniani; kati yao waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 1.7%. Kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,03% za wasomaji wote duniani, lakini kati yao 11.2% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili, asilimia inayozidi kukua kadiri makala zinavyoongezeka na kuwa bora zaidi. == Maendeleo == [[Picha:Mwanzo 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Ukurasa wa "Mwanzo" ulivyokuwa mwaka 2004.]] Mnamo [[Julai]] [[2006]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 1,000 na tarehe [[14 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala ya 2,000. Mnamo Julai [[2007]] ilifikisha makala 5,000 na tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2007, 6,000. Tarehe [[21 Aprili]] [[2008]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 7,000 na tarehe [[19 Desemba]] 2008 ilifikisha makala 8,000, hasa baada ya kuanzishwa makala nyingi za mbegu za [[kata]] za [[Tanzania]]. Makala za mbegu za kata za Tanzania ziliendelea kuisukuma Wikipedia ya Kiswahili hadi kufikia kiwango cha makala 9,000 tarehe [[2 Februari]] [[2009]] na makala 10,000 tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2009. Ilipofika tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2009, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikia kiwango cha makala 11,000 na tarehe [[25 Aprili]] 2009 ilifikia makala 12,000. Mnamo tarehe [[20 Juni]] [[2009]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilibadilisha ukurasa wake wa mwanzo katika sura mpya. Mnamo tarehe [[17 Agosti]] 2009 ilifikia makala zipatazo 13,000, na kuendelea kuifanya iwe Wikipedia ya kwanza kwa ukubwa katika Afrika. Haikushia hapo: tarehe [[11 Septemba]] 2009, Wikipedia hii ilifikia makala 14,000 na tarehe [[25 Desemba]] 2009 makala 15,000. [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] Tarehe [[31 Mei]] [[2010]] ilifikia makala 18,000 na tarehe [[21 Agosti]] mwaka huohuo makala 20,000. Tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] [[2011]] ilifikia makala 22,000. Tarehe [[15 Februari]] [[2014]] ilifikia makala 26,000 na tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] mwaka huohuo makala 27,000. Tarehe [[25 Januari]] [[2015]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 28,000, tarehe [[13 Juni]] 2015 ilifikia makala 29,000, tarehe [[22 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala 30,000 na kuendelea tena. Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yalifikia idadi ya [[milioni]] 1. Tarehe [[10 Novemba]] mwaka huohuo ilivuka makala 31,000 na kupiku [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]]. Tarehe [[13 Februari]] [[2016]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 32,000 na kusonga mbele kiasi cha kufikia 33,000 tarehe [[18 Aprili]] 2016, halafu 34,000 tarehe [[20 Agosti]] 2016 kwa makala [[Kinung]]. Makala juu ya [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] iliifanya itimize idadi ya 35,000 tarehe [[12 Januari]] [[2017]]. Mwaka huohuo, tarehe [[20 Mei]] 2017 idadi ya makala ilifikia 36,000, tarehe [[30 Julai]] ilifikia 37,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ziwa Ambussel]], tarehe [[12 Oktoba]] 38,000 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Jubba]] na tarehe [[24 Desemba]] ilifikia 39,000. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2018]] mradi wa [[milima]] ulileta makala ya 40,000: [[Nidze]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Tanzania]] ulisukuma Wikipedia hii kufikia idadi ya makala 41,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ligunga]] tarehe [[2 Mei]] 2018 na 42,000 kwa ukurasa wa [[mto Jigulu]] tarehe [[21 Mei]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Kenya]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala kuwa 43,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Kaptarit]] tarehe [[7 Julai]] 2018, kuwa 44,000 tarehe [[30 Julai]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Nyairoko]], kuwa 45,000 tarehe [[12 Agosti]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ilangi]], kuwa 46,000 tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wakavi]], tena kuwa 47,000 tarehe [[8 Novemba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Olkimatare]]. Tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya visiwa vya Tanzania|visiwa vya Tanzania]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 48 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda|Mito ya Uganda]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 49 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wangodugu]], tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 uliifikisha katika idadi ya 50,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Ocere]], tarehe [[31 Mei]] uliivusha tena katika elfu ya 51 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Osia]] na tarehe 16 Julai uliifikisha idadi ya 52,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Rwoho]]. Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 mradi kuhusu ugatuzi nchini [[Cote d'Ivoire]] ulizaa makala ya 53,000 kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka nchi hiyo ya [[Afrika Magharibi]]. Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 mradi kuhusu [[watakatifu]] wa [[Afrika]] ulifikisha makala za Wikipedia hii katika idadi ya 54,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[wafiadini]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]], na tarehe [[13 Desemba]] 2019 [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|mradi huohuo]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala hadi 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] 2020 mradi wa [[wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] 2020 mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. Tarehe [[22 Mei]] 2020 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Rwanda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. 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Mwaka [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imesonga mbele kwa kasi zaidi: tarehe [[21 Aprili]] imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 kuhusu [[mwandamizi]], tarehe [[11 Juni]] imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 kuhusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]], tarehe [[10 Julai]] makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]], tarehe [[19 Septemba]] makala ya 83,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Jacques Riparelli]], tarehe [[8 Oktoba]] makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]], tarehe [[20 Oktoba]] makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]], tarehe [[7 Novemba]] makala ya 86,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Juma Ndiwa]], tarehe [[22 Novemba]] makala ya 87,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] [[Nicholas Lindsay]], tarehe [[1 Desemba]] makala ya 88,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]], tarehe 9 Desemba makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]] na tarehe 11 Desemba makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Mwaka [[2025]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imezidi tena kukua kwa kasi: tarehe [[6 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu mwanasiasa [[Saka Isau]], tarehe [[13 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]], tarehe 22 Januari imefikia makala ya 93,000 inayomhusu mchezaji [[Grant Needham]], tarehe [[31 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], tarehe [[6 Februari]] imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]], tarehe [[18 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu mwimbaji [[Janie Fricke]], tarehe [[25 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]], tarehe [[9 Machi]] imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu mwimbaji [[Kirsten Price]] na tarehe [[4 Juni]] imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]] na hatimaye tarehe [[23 Juni]] makala ya 100,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]].‎ Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kukamilisha makala laki moja, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy. Kwa kasi hiyohiyo Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo hilo la [[Madagaska]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]] na tarehe 8 Desemba makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. Mwaka [[2026]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kwanza makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]], halafu makala ya 105,000 tarehe [[31 Januari]] kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]], makala ya 106,000 tarehe [[11 Februari]] kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]], makala ya 107,000 tarehe [[23 Februari]] kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], [[mwanataaluma]] wa [[Taiwan]], na makala ya 108,000 tarehe [[18 Machi]] kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. Tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 limefanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kuanzishwa; siku hiyohiyo imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]]. Halafu tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu, mwanasiasa mwingine wa nchi hiyohiyo, na tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. Kisha, tarehe 10 Mei 2026, ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia, tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ifikie 116,000, tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya wanamuziki [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000, na tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], msanii wa Marekani. ==Kati ya Wikipedia za Afrika== Kwa lugha zenye asili ya Afrika na [[visiwa]] vya jirani, Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ndiyo ya tatu kwa idadi ya makala zote (na ya zile zisizo fupi mno) ikifuatia Wikipedia ya [[Kiarabu cha Misri]] na ile ya [[Kiafrikaans]]. Pia ilikuwa ya kwanza kati ya Wikipedia za [[lugha za Niger-Kongo]] kuvuka kiwango cha makala 1,000. Sasa zimeongezeka, lakini ya Kiswahili bado inaongoza na ni ya kwanza kufikia makala 100,000. Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ilikuwa ya pili katika Afrika nzima kuvuka kiasi cha makala 10,000 baada ya [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901052536/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/27/business/wiki.php ''Building Wikipedia in African languages''], by Noam Cohen, [[:en:International Herald Tribune|International Herald Tribune]], [[27 Agosti]] [[2006]].</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiarabu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kibulgaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kicheki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kichina]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kidenmark]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiebrania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiesperanto]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiestonia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifaransa]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihaiti]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihispania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiholanzi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihungaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiindonesia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiitalia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijapani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijerumani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza Rahisi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikatala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikorea]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikroatia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilingala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilithuania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kinorwei]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kipoland]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kireno]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiromania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kirusi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiserbia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovakia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovene]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiswidi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kituruki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiukraini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiwolofu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kizulu]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [[mwanzo|Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili]] {{Mawikipedia}} {{Wikipedia za Kiafrika}} [[Jamii:Kiswahili]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia kwa lugha tofauti]] 6n3i8p643gvobljue5q3a3ph8j7vxml 0 33122 1548839 1542332 2026-05-23T06:42:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other|Habari}} '''Habari''' (kutoka [[Kiarabu]]) ni mawasiliano ya maarifa kuhusu matukio ambayo huwasilishwa kwa watu kwa maneno ya [[kinywa]], kwa [[maandishi]] kama vile [[magazeti]], kwa [[matangazo]] ya masafa marefu kama vile [[redio]] au [[runinga]], kwa [[intaneti]] n.k. Neno hili linaweza kutumiwa pia katika [[sayansi]] kwa mawasiliano ya habari (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''information'', si ''news'') kati ya [[seli]] za [[mwili]], kwa mfano kati ya [[mkono]] na [[ubongo]], kwa njia ya [[neva]]. == Historia ya kuripoti habari == Ukusanyaji wa habari ulipoanza, viwango vyake havikuwa vya hali ya juu vikilinganishwa na vya sasa. Ilibidi habari za kuchapishwa kuelezwa kupitia [[simu]] hadi kwenye kituo cha habari au kuletwa hapo na [[mwandishi]], ambapo [[Uchapishaji|ilipigwa chapa]] na aidha kupelekwa kutumia huduma ya [[waya]] au kuhaririwa na kuwekwa pamoja na habari nyingine za aina moja kwa toleo maalumu. Leo hii, neno "[[Mchipuko wa habari]]" limekuwa muhimu kwani huduma za matangazo na habari za amari (cable news) hutumia [[teknolojia]] ya [[satellite]] kuleta matukio ya sasa moja kwa moja majumbani mwa watumizi wa huduma hii. Matukio ambayo yalikuwa yanachukua masaa au siku kuwa maarifa ya kawaida katika [[miji]] au katika [[Taifa|mataifa]] yanaletwa moja kwa moja kupitia redio, [[televisheni]], [[simu kiini]], na intaneti. == Magazeti == Miji mingi mikubwa ilikuwa na [[magazeti]] ya [[asubuhi]] na [[alasiri]]. [[Vyombo vya habari]] viliendelea kuwa na sehemu za kusambaza habari kuongezeka hadi kukaribia kupita kiasi. Hii ilisababisha magazeti za alasiri kufungwa zisipokuwa chache. Magazeti ya asubuhi yanapoteza mzunguko, kulingana na ripoti kutoka majarida yenyewe. Kwa kawaida, habari zapaswa kuwa na taarifa [[tano]] za kawaida (nani, nini, lini, wapi, kwa nini, na pia jinsi gani?) katika tukio. Hakuna maswali ambayo yanapaswa kubaki. Magazeti kwa kawaida huandika habari nzito, kama zile zinazofungamana na [[uuaji]], [[moto]], [[vita]] na kadhalika. Ukitumia mfano wa [[piramidi]] uliogeuzwa habari muhimu ndizo zinazoanza. Wasomaji bizi wanaweza kusoma sana au kwa ufupi kulingana na shki yao. [[Stesheni]] za [[mtaa|mitaa]] na mitandao yenye miundo lazima zichukue hadithi za habari na kuzivunja katika vipengele muhimu kutokana na vikwazo vya wakati. Chaneli za habari za amari kama [[Fox News]], [[MSNBC]], na [[CNN]] zina uwezo wa kuchukua faida ya hadithi, hadithi zenye umuhimu ndogo zikitolewa mhanga, na kutoa habari zinazochipuka kwa kina. == Usawa katika habari == [[Mashirika ya habari]] mara nyingi lengo lake hutarajiwa kuwa [[usawa]]; waandishi hudai kwamba wao hujaribu kufukua pande zote za suala bila upendeleo, ikilinganishwa na watangazaji au wachambuzi, ambao hutoa [[maoni]] au dhana ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, [[serikali]] kadhaa huweka baadhi ya vikwazo au huchunguza mashirika ya habari kama yana upendeleo. Kwa mfano, nchini [[Uingereza]], mipaka huwekwa na [[wakala]] wa serikali, [[Ofcom (Office of Communications)]], ambayo ni [[ofisi]] ya Mawasiliano. Magazeti na vipindi vya matangazo ya habari nchini [[Marekani]] kwa ujumla yanatarajiwa kuepuka upendeleo isipokuwa [[makala]] yaliyodokezwa wazi. Serikali nyingi za [[chama kimoja]] zinaendesha mashirika ya habari, ambayo yanaweza kuwasilisha maoni ya serikali. Hata katika hali ambazo [[usawa]] hutarajiwa, ni vigumu kupata usawa, na waandishi wa binafsi wa habari wanaweza kuwa na upendeleo wao, au kuangukia shinikizo la [[biashara]] au la [[siasa]]. Vivyo hivyo, usawa wa mashirika ya habari zinazomilikiwa na mashirika ya conglomerate zaweza kushukiwa katika [[mwanga]] wa asili ya motisha kwa vikundi vya habari kuripoti katika njia yenye nia ya kuendeleza maslahi ya kifedha ya conglomerate. Watu binafsi na mashirika ambayo ripoti ya habari imelengwa kwao wanaweza kutumia mbinu za [[usimamizi wa habari]] kujaribu kufanya hisia nzuri. Kwa sababu kila mtu ana mtazamo fulani, inatambulika kwamba hakuwezi kuwa na usawa katika kuripoti habari. == Karama ya habari == [[Karama]] ya habari hufafanuliwa kama masuala kuwa na manufaa ya kutosha kwa [[umma]] au [[hadhira]] maalumu kuhakikisha umakini wa watazamaji. Watu wa kawaida si wa karama ya habari hadi wakutane ana kwa ana na hali isiyo ya kawaida au janga. Habari hii hugawanyisha umma katika makundi mawili; wale wachache ambao [[maisha]] yao ni ya karama ya habari na [[umati]] wa watu ambao huzaliwa, huishi na kufa bila vyombo vya habari kuwatambua hata kidogo. Daima habari hupitia masuala ambayo huvutia umakini wa watu na hutofautiana na maisha yao ya kawaida. Habari hii hutumiwa kwa uepushaji na kwa hiyo matukio ya kawaida si ya karama ya habari. Hata suala liwe [[upendo]], [[uzazi]], [[hali ya hewa]], au [[uhalifu]], ladha ya waandishi wa habari hukimbilia hali isiyo ya kawaida, ya ajabu. Suala na karama ya habari ya hadithi inategemea na hadhira, kwani wao huamua ni nini linawafanya wawe au wasiwe na nia. Wakazi wakizidi, habari ya kuripotiwa ya kimataifa pia yaongezeka, kwani kuna maslahi mapana mbalimbali yanaohusika katika uteuzi wake. Ni sehemu ya habari tu ambayo huonyesha jumla ya [[maendeleo]] [[duniani]]. == Vituo vya televisheni vya kutoa habari == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kituo !Nchi !Lugha !Ilianzishwa !Tovuti |- | [[KTN LEO|KTN LEO]] || [[Eacu]] || [[Kiswahili]] || 2017 || [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ktnhome/video/category/2/ktn-leo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ktnhome/video/category/2/ktn-leo |date=20161210164634 }} |- | [[Al Jazeera]] || || [[Kiarabu]] || || Live Stream http://oklivetv.com/al-jazeera-arabic-live/ {{Wayback|url=http://oklivetv.com/al-jazeera-arabic-live/ |date=20170105085137 }} |- | [[ERITV]] || [[Eritrea]] ||[[Kiarabu]], [[Kiamhari]], [[Kitigrinya]] || 2017 || http://www.eri.tv/ |- | [[Tele-Tchad]] || [[Tchad]] ||[[Kiarabu]], [[Kihausa]]||2017 ||[http://www.centraltv.fr/tchad-television/tele-tchad] {{Wayback|url=http://www.centraltv.fr/tchad-television/tele-tchad |date=20170102081753 }} |- | [[A24 news channel]] || [[Pan-African]] || || 2008 || http://www.africawebtv.com/utv-ghana-online/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.africawebtv.com/utv-ghana-online/ |date=20170108071308 }} Africa Media |- | [[Kenya Broadcasting Corporation|KBC]] || [[Eacu]] || [[Kiswahili]] || 2016 || * [http://www.kbc.co.ke/ KBC] |- | [[Africa Black Tv]] || [[Eacu]] || [[Kiswahili]], Kiarabu, Pijini(EN), Camfrancangle(FR), Kireno || 2016 || [http://int.search.tb.ask.com/search/video.jhtml?searchfor=Africa+Black+Tv++-++Habalileo&n=&qs=&ss=sub&st=site&tpr=sbt&ts=1479561394206]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- | [[Rwanda TV]] || [[Rwanda]] || [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiswahili]], Kinyarwanda || 2017 || http://rba.co.rw/tv {{Wayback|url=http://rba.co.rw/tv |date=20161225074954 }} |- | [[Nyota TV]] || [[Congo Zaire]] || [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiswahili]] || 2016 || http://www.nyota.net/category/videos/journal-tv/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.nyota.net/category/videos/journal-tv/ |date=20161221032020 }} |- | [[Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation|ZBC]] || [[Zimbabwe]] || Kiingereza, [[Kiswahili]], [[Kishona]] || 2016 || http://www.zbc.co.zw/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/ |date=20101227212717 }} |- |} == Tazama pia == {{wiktionary}} *[[News agency]] *[[All-news redio]] *[[Hard news &amp; Soft news]] *[[Ticker news]] *[[News analytics]] *[[Pseudo-event]] *[[Ripoti ya hali ya hewa]] == Marejeo == *Stephens, Mitchell. "The History of News - 3 Ed" Oxford University Press, New York, 2007. {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *{{dmoz|News/By_Region|News media by country}} [[Jamii:Habari]] h4s1kg8f2fosbhwivuf8ujlhod7c0we 0 35908 1548688 1475167 2026-05-23T00:48:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Etihad Airways''' ({{lang-ar|'''الإتحاد'''}}, ''ʼal-ʻitiħād'') ni ndege kuu ya [[mji]] wa [[Abu Dhabi]] iliyoanzishwa mnamo 2003. Inasafiri nchini [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Ulaya]], [[India]], Amerika Kaskazini, [[Afrika]], [[Asia]] na [[Australia]]. Makao yake makuu ni katika uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa ya Abu Dhabi. Mwaka wa 2008, ilibeba wasafiriwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] sita. == Historia == [[Picha:Etihad a340-500 a6-ehb arp.jpg|thumb|right|Etihad Airways [[Airbus A340-500]] ikiruka kutoka uwanja wa ndege wa London Heathrow]] Etihad Airways ilitangazwa na Sheikh Khalifa in Zayed Al Nahyan kuwa ni ndege ya kitaifa ya nchi ya [[United Arab Emirates]] mnamo Februari 2003. Pesa za kuanzia kampuni hii ilikuwa takriban dirhamu milioni 500. Mnamo 12 Novemba 2003 Etihad ilianza kusafiri hadi mji wa [[Beirut]]. == Miji inayosafiria == ==[[Afrika]]== *'''[[Egypt]]''' **[[Cairo]] - ''Cairo International Airport'' *'''[[Libya]]''' **[[Tripoli]] - ''Tripoli International Airport'' *'''[[Morocco]]''' **[[Casablanca]] - ''Mohammed V International Airport'' *'''[[Afrika Kusini]]''' **[[Cape Town]] - ''Cape Town International Airport'' **[[Johannesburg]] - ''Tambo International Airport'' *'''[[Sudan]]''' **[[Khartoum]] - ''Khartoum International Airport'' == [[Asia]] == *'''[[Kazakhstan]]''' **[[Almaty]] - ''Almaty International Airport'' **[[Astana]] - ''Astana International Airport'' *'''[[Uchina]]''' **[[Beijing]] - ''Beijing Capital International Airport'' **[[Guangzhou]] - ''Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport'' **[[Shanghai]] - ''Shanghai Pudong International Airport'' **[[Tianjin]] - ''Tianjin Binhai International Airport'' *'''[[Japan]]''' **[[Nagoya]] - ''Chubu Centrair International Airport''<ref name="etihadairways.com">[http://www.etihadairways.com/sites/Etihad/jp/en/aboutetihad/mediacenter/newslisting/newsdetails/Pages/TwoJapandestinationstolaunch.aspx?fromNewsListing=true Two Japan destinations to launch in first quarter 2010]</ref> **[[Tokyo]] - ''Narita International Airport''<ref name="etihadairways.com"/> *'''[[Afghanistan]]''' **[[Kabul]] - ''Kabul International Airport'' *'''[[Bangladesh]]''' **[[Dhaka]] - ''Zia International Airport'' *'''[[India]]''' **[[Chennai]] - ''Chennai International Airport'' **[[Delhi]] - ''Indira Gandhi International Airport'' **[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] - ''Rajiv Gandhi International Airport'' **[[Kochi, India|Kochi]] - ''Cochin International Airport'' **[[Kolkata]] - ''Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport'' **[[Kozhikode]] - ''Calicut International Airport'' **[[Mumbai]] - ''Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport'' **[[Thiruvananthapuram]] - ''Trivandrum International Airport'' *'''[[Nepal]]''' **[[Kathmandu]] - ''Tribhuvan International Airport'' *'''[[Pakistan]]''' **[[Islamabad]] - ''Islamabad International Airport'' **[[Karachi]] - ''Jinnah International Airport'' **[[Lahore]] - ''Allama Iqbal International Airport'' **[[Peshawar]] - ''Peshawar International Airport'' **[[Sialkot]] - ''Sialkot International Airport'' *'''[[Sri Lanka]]''' **[[Colombo]] - ''Bandaranaike International Airport'' *'''[[Indonesia]]''' **[[Jakarta]] - ''Soekarno-Hatta International Airport'' *'''[[Malaysia]]''' **[[Kuala Lumpur]] - ''Kuala Lumpur International Airport'' *'''[[Philippines]]''' **[[Manila]] - ''Ninoy Aquino International Airport'' *'''[[Singapore]]''' **''Singapore Changi Airport'' *'''[[Thailand]]''' **[[Bangkok]] - ''Suvarnabhumi Airport'' *'''[[Bahrain]]''' **''Bahrain International Airport'' *'''[[Kupro]]''' **[[Larnaca]] - ''Larnaca Airport'' *'''[[Iran]]''' **[[Tehran]] - ''Imam Khomeini International Airport'' *'''[[Iraq]]''' **[[Baghdad]] - ''Baghdad International Airport'' <ref>[http://www.etihadairways.com/sites/Etihad/global/en/aboutetihad/mediacenter/newslisting/newsdetails/Pages/CrystalCargoservicetoBaghdadAug09.aspx?fromNewsListing=true Etihad Crystal Cargo service to Baghdad]</ref> *'''[[Jordan]]''' **[[Amman]] - ''Queen Alia International Airport'' *'''[[Kuwait]]''' **''Kuwait International Airport'' *'''[[Lebanon]]''' **[[Beirut]] - ''Rafik Hariri International Airport'' *'''[[Oman]]''' **[[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] - ''Muscat International Airport'' *'''[[Qatar]]''' **[[Doha]] - ''[[Hamad International Airport]]'' *'''[[Saudi Arabia]]''' **[[Dammam]] - ''King Fahd International Airport'' **[[Jeddah]] - ''King Abdulaziz International Airport'' **[[Riyadh]] - ''King Khalid International Airport'' *'''[[Syria]]''' **[[Damascus]] - ''Damascus International Airport'' *'''[[United Arab Emirates]]''' **[[Abu Dhabi]] - ''Abu Dhabi International Airport'' **[[Dubai]] - ''Dubai International Airport'' [[Picha:Etihad Airways A330-223 (A6-EYB) landing at London Heathrow Airport.jpg|thumb|right|Etihad Airways [[Airbus A330-200]] (A6-EYB) ikishuka kwenye uwanja wa ndege wa London Heathrow]] [[Picha:A330-200 Etihad A6-EYP EDDF.jpg|thumb|Etihad [[Airbus A330-200]] kwenye uwanja wa ndege wa Frankfurt]] == [[Uropa]] == *'''[[Belarus]]''' **[[Minsk]] - ''Minsk International Airport'' *'''[[Ubelgiji]]''' **[[Brussels]] - ''Brussels Airport'' *'''[[Ufaransa]]''' **[[Paris]] - [[Charles de Gaulle]] Airport'' *'''[[Ujerumani]]''' **[[Frankfurt]] ***''Frankfurt Airport'' ***''Frankfurt-Hahn Airport'' **[[Munich]] - ''Munich Airport'' *'''[[Ugiriki]]''' **[[Athens]] - ''Athens International Airport'' *'''[[Ireland]]''' **[[Dublin]] - ''Dublin Airport'' *'''[[Italia]]''' **[[Milan]] - ''Malpensa Airport'' *'''[[Urusi]]''' **[[Moscow]] - ''Domodedovo International Airport'' *'''[[Uswisi]]''' **[[Geneva]] - ''Geneva International Airport'' *'''[[Uturuki]]''' **[[Istanbul]] - ''Atatürk International Airport'' *'''[[Ulaya]]''' **[[London]] - ''London Heathrow Airport'' **[[Manchester]] - ''Manchester Airport'' == [[Amerika Kaskazini]] == *'''[[Canada]]''' **[[Toronto]] - ''Toronto Pearson International Airport'' *'''[[Marekani]]''' **[[Chicago]] - ''O'Hare International Airport'' **[[New York City]] - ''John F. Kennedy International Airport'' == [[Oceania]] == *'''[[Australia]]''' **[[Brisbane]] - ''Brisbane Airport'' **[[Melbourne]] - ''Melbourne Airport'' **[[Sydney]] - ''Sydney Airport'' == Ndani ya ndege == === Diamond Zone === Viti vyake huweza kugeuzwa na kuwa kama kitanda cha urefu wa 6'8". Kuna taa ya kusomea, runinga, kioo, na hata chombo cha kukandia mwili. === Pearl Zone === Viti huweza kulazwa kama vitanda vya urefu wa 6'1". Kila kiti kina taa ya kusomea pamoja na chombo cha kukandia. === Coral Zone === Viti huweza kulazwa hadi inchi 33 tu. Kuna huduma ya simu pia. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.etihadairways.com Official website] * [http://www.reviewcentre.com/reviews113386.html Passenger reviews] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reviewcentre.com/reviews113386.html |date=20160919111606 }} [[Jamii:Ndege za United Arab Emirates]] [[Jamii:Kampuni ya ndege]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Falme za Kiarabu]] 94r5jy3qp0q48yb1avjkqhb9pp3azf4 0 55690 1548881 1547185 2026-05-23T08:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hip-hop ya 'Tanzania''', japo huwekwa katika kundi la [[Bongo Flava]]. Hii inatokana na mchanganyiko au elementi za pop na midundo ya Kitanzania. Kumekuwa na midahalo kadha wa kadha juu ya Bongo Flava, ambayo imejiibua ikiwa kama miondoko ya pop, ya kwamba inastahili kutumia istilahi ya "hip hop" na si jina la kipekee ambalo halihusiani kabisa na elementi za hip hop,<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first= A.|title= X Plastaz & Bongo Flava: Tanzanian hip hop released internationally|url=http://www.africanhiphop.com/index.php?module=subjects&func=printpage&pageid=223&scope=all|website= africanhiphop.com}}</ref> huku ikiwa inaendelea kujijenga katika misingi tofauti kabisa na hrdcore rap au, kwa mfano, kundi la [[Hip-hop]] la [[X Plastaz]], ambao wao wanatumia muziki wa kimila ya Kimasai kuundia muziki na staili yao kwa ujumla.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava:+Swahili+Rap+from+Tanzania |title=Martin, Lydia. "Bongo Flava: Swahili Rap from Tanzania." afropop.org |accessdate=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2005-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023910/http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava%3A+Swahili+Rap+From+Tanzania |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hip hop ya Tanzania ilianza katika miaka ya 1980 wakati huo vijana wa Kitanzania walikuwa na mapenzi ya juu na muziki wa hip hop wa Marekani. Hapo awali, walichukua biti za rap na hip hop za Kimarekani na kuimbia juu yake. Wakati vijana wakirap, polepole ikaanza kujitengeneza katika maudhui ya muziki wa asili ya Kitanzania kwa kuunda muziki wa aina yake yenyewe. Matokeo yake, ikaanza kuonesha shauku kutoka kwa vijana wengine kutoka katika maeneo ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref>Mueller, Gavin. "Bongoflava: The Primer." Stylus Magazine, 12 May 2005</ref> ==Staili ya muziki wa Bongo Flava== Bongo Flava ni muziki wenye wendo kasi na huimbwa kwa Kiswahili. Jina la “Bongo Flava” linatoka na jina la utani la Dar es Salaam. Ina maana ya kwamba unahitaji akili ili uweze kuishi katika jiji hilo. Ina husisha elementi mbalimbali ili kujenga muziki huu, hasa rap ya Kimarekani, R&B, hip hop, ikiwa na twisti kali la Kiswahili ndani yake. Kama jinsi ilivyo tamaduni za muziki wa hip hop wa Kimarekani nazo zimo vilevile katika mashairi ya hip hop ya Tanzania yenye kuhusu, [[UKIMWI]], umaskini na rushwa, au kuhusu maisha, mahusiano, fedha, wivu na mapenzi.<ref name=autogenerated5>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Pres</ref> Bongo Flava ni mseto wa [[Afrobeat]] na melodi za Kiarabu, dancehall na midundo ya hip-hop, na mashairi ya Kiswahili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/pop_playground/bongoflava-the-primer.htm|title=Bongoflava: The Primer - Pop Playground - Stylus Magazine|publisher=|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2011-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108044748/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/pop_playground/bongoflava-the-primer.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muziki huu ulianza kujengwa katika miaka ya 1980 wakati vijana wa Kitanzania walipoanza kuvutiwa kuimba muziki wa hip hop wa Marekani.Haraka wakaongeza ladha zao katika muziki huo na kutengeneza midundo yenye mahadhi ya kinyumbani, mizani, na hoja zake pia. Aina hii ya muziki imekuwa maarufu kwa haraka sana; umekuwa miongoni mwa muziki unaouza vizuri katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], na tayari ushapata mafaniko katika nchi za jirani kama vile [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]], na kusambaa maeneo mengine ya Afrika na duniani kwa ujumla. Mwaka wa 2004, studio ya Kijerumani [[Out Here Records]] ilitoa kompilesheni ya CD ya Bongo Flava iliyoitwa [[Swahili Rap from Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|title=Out - here records -|publisher=|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2008-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|url-status=dead}}</ref> CD hiyo yenye dakika 70 ambayo ndani yake kuna wasanii kama [[X Plastaz]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Gangwe Mobb]] wamefurahia usambazaji huo wa kimataifa. Wakati hip hop ya Marekani inaingia Tanzania kwa mara ya kwanza, marapa wa ndani walichukua sampuli ya midundo ya rap ya Kimarenai, na kutia maneno ya Kiswahili katika neno la Kiingereza. Bongo Flava hiyo changa na kuiingiza hip hop kutoka Marekani awali ilikumbatiwa sana na watoto wa kishua ambao waliona kama fasheni kuiga miyenendo ya Kimarekani.<ref name="tzaffairs.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.tzaffairs.org/?p=195|title=Tanzanian Affairs » BONGO FLAVA|publisher=}}</ref> Hili lilitazamiwa kama kuiga tamaduni na mitindo ya Kimarekani kwa wakati ule. Hasa walionekana kama wapenda Umarekani. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, wakati mtindo huu unakua kwa kasi, karibia kila rapa na wafokaji walianza kuvutiwa kuimba rap hizi kwa Kiswahili. Maamuzi hayo yalipelekea muziki huo kuvutiwa na vijana wa ndani sasa hasa kwa kufuatia lugha ya Kiswahili ndiyo lugha ya taifa na ndiyo lugha ya mazungumzo kwa kila raia wa Tanzania.<ref name=autogenerated1>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.</ref> Kwa kuongezea, midundo ilihama kutoka ile midundo yenye mahadhi ya Kimarekani na kuanza kutengeza mizani, sauti na midundo ya kinyumbani zaidi. <ref name="tzaffairs.org"/> Wasanii wa Tanzania walihakikisha wanarap kwa Kiingereza, lakini watadumisha Uswahili wao katika mashairi. Kuimba kwa Kiswahili, waliweza kutunga hip hop yenye muundo wa Kiswahili huku wakidumisha hali halisi ya hip hop ya Marekani.<ref>The Language of the Young People: Rap, Urban Culture and Protest in Tanzania. Journal of Asian and African studies [0021-9096] Casco yr:2006 vol:41 iss:3 pg:229</ref> Rap hii ya Kiswahili iliendelea kutumia fasihi na mila za Kiswahili kwa kuchezea maneno na mizani ili kujieleza. Hapo awali wasaniii wengi sana walijibidisha kutumia mawazo au fikra na tamaduni za Kiswahili katika nyimbo zao kuliko kuandaa upya pop na tamaduni za Rap za Kigansta za Kimarekani.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Uamuzi wa matumizi ya lugha umechukua nafasi nzuri katika kukuza na kukubalika kwa muziki wa Bongo Flava nchini. Ingawa kurap kwa Kiswahili kwa wasanii wengi wapya waliweza kuswahilisha hip hop ya Marekani hasa katika nyanja za kisiasa na kuihusisha na tamaduni za ndani katika Tanzania. Rapa wa Kitanzaniar Dolasoul (Ahmed Dola), ambaye alisoma nchini [[Nigeria]] na [[Uingereza]], alieleza ya kwamba muziki wa rap, hasa kwa Kiswahili, umemletea maana ya kuwawakilisha watu wake na kuongelea mabadiliko ambayo yanaweza kufanywa kwa ajili ya kesho iliyo-bora’"<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_24/ai_82803971/pg_5 | title=Language choice and hip hop in Tanzania and Malawi &#124; Popular Music and Society}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> Pia ameeleza ya kwamba albamu zilitotayarishwa kwa Kiswahili na matumizi machache ya Kiingereza, inasaidia kufanya lugha yake kukubalika zaidi kimataifa. Matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili katika bongo flava hufikisha ujumbe na azimio kwa wasikilizaji wake, inatia hamasa ya kujivunia utaifa na tamaduni kwa ujumla. Dolasoul anasema ya kwamba matumizi ya Kiswahili na Kiingereza kiasi katika nyimbo zake, anajaribu “kuwaamsha watu wake.” Wakati huohuo, muziki wa Rap wa Kiswahili unajaribu kuwakilisha maudhui yaleyale ya rap za nje lakini katika mtindo wa Kitanzania zaidi. Katika harakati za kuchukua mifano ya marapa maarufu wa Marekani ili kutengeneza muziki wa ndani, hili limepelekea kuonekana Tanzania kama vile inagezea muziki wa nje na sehemu kubwa walionwa kama wahuni tu. Kweli kabisa hao wanaogezea rap ya kihuni ya Kimagharibi walichukuliwa kama magangsta uchwara.<ref name=Lemelle>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 240. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Pres</ref> Hivyo basi matumizi ya Kiswahili katika Rap ya Tanzania imesaidia kuazimisha maudhui ya tamaduni ya Kiafrika zaidi. Hoja zilizokuwa zinaimbwa sana ilikuwa suala la kuweka usawa kwa wanawake, ambapo kwa kipindi hiko ilikuwa imeshika hatamu kuliko yale mashairi makali. Pamoja na yote, mitindo ya kushangaza ambayo inaonekana kushika hatamu au hupendwa na vijana wengi wa Tanzania, kwa mfano uimbaji wa kundi la LWP Majitu, kulingana na [[Out Here Records]], LWP ni "moja kati ya makundi maarufu kwa mtindo wa mashairi ya kutisha"<ref>{{cite web|title=Bongo Flava|work=Out Here Records|date=15 November 2004|accessdate=6 March 2008|url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|archive-date=2008-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aidha katika maeneo maskini ya Tanzania au yale yenye maisha mazuri, ni vigumu sana wasaniii wa rap kuweza kudumisha mila na asili, si tu nchini hata huko ulimwenguni. ==Kuibuka kwa hip-hop nchini Tanzania== [[Picha:Samia X Cool Moe Cee Ibony na Kim.jpg|thumb|Kutoka kushoto: Samia X, Cool Moe Cee, Ibony Moalim na marehemu Kim.]] [[Utamaduni wa hip hop]] nchini [[Tanzania]] ulianza mwanzoni na katikati mwa miaka ya 1980 hasa ikiwa kama harakati changa. Wakati huo mapromota na wasanii walilazimika kurekodi na kunakili muziki studio kwa zamu huku wakitumia vifaa hafifu kabisa. Rap ya awali. Haijaanza katika maeneo ya watu wenye hali ya chini ya kimaisha jijini [[Dar es Salaam]], bali katika maenoe ambayo tayari yana athira ya muziki huo hasa mijini, ambapo vijana wengi walikuwa na fursa a u uwezo wa kupata vitu na nyimbo za dunia ya Kimagharibi kupitia marafiki, familia, na nafasi za kusafiri. Cha kushangaza, muziki wa rap ulikuwa unabamba zaidi kwa watu wa hali ya wastani. Hawa walikuwa vijana wenye elimu ya kawaida, wanaojua Kiingereza na uhusiano na watu wa nchi za nje ambao wangeliweza kuwatumia kanda au CD muziki kutoka kwao. Muziki wa hip hop umetoa chanzo kizuri kwa vijana wa Kitanzania kuelezea yale ya moyoni yanayoikumba jamii yao.<ref name=autogenerated7>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” From The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, 230-54. Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press</ref> Wanafunzi hawa wa hip hop wamecheza nafasi kubwa katika uanzishwaji wa bongo flava, "hasa kwa kupitia ushiriki wa tamaduni mbalimbali za ndani ya nchi, malugha na bila kubaguana rangi na kuifanya hip hop ya nchini iwe ya kimataifa, hasa kwa kuunganisha lugha ya Wamarekani Weusi na kutia maneno ya Kiswahili na maneno ya mtaani ("Kihuni")".<ref>[http://www.today.ucla.edu/voices/h-samy-alim_hip-hop/ How hip-hop culture is changing the wor(l)d - UCLA Today Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Katika miaka ya 1990, hip hop ya Tanzania ilhama kutoka katika misingi ya kuimba kwa kujifurahisha na kwenda kuwa muziki unaokubalika kibiashara, hii ilipelekea upate kujulikana na vijana wengine wa hali ya chini. [[Picha:Conway-francis-and-his-girlfriend-johana-back-in-the-90s 36217637841 o.jpg|thumb|Conway Francis akiwa na mpenzi wake, Johanna huko Ilala katika miaka ya 1990. Conway alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la "Three Power Crew" ambalo ndani yake alikuwa anakuja Fresh XE, Young Millionaire na Con mwenyewe. Con alikuwa machachari sana.]] Rap ya awali ya Tanzanian ilikuwa kwa Kiingereza tu, lakini wakati mtindo huu unakua baadhi ya marapa wakaanza kuandika mashairi yao kwa Kiswahilii. Shindano la kwanza la muziki wa rap nchini Tanzania lilianzishwa na marehemu Shaban Sato mnamo 1989/90 katika ukumbi wa Lang’ata. Kupitia mashindano haya, ndipo marehemu [[Kim and the Boyz]] (Abdulhakheem Magomero) na [[Ibony Moalim]] walipopata wazo la kuanzisha mashindano makubwa ya rap maarufu kama [[Yo Rap Bonanza]] katika ukumbi uleule wa Lang’ata Kinondoni..<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanhiphop.com/index.php?module=subjects&func=viewpage&pageid=157|title=Africanhiphop.com - the foundation of African hip hop online|publisher=}}</ref> Emsii usiku huo alikuwa DJ Junior Challenger almaarufu Amani Misana (Mzee wa Pillow Talk). Usiku wa shindano uliambatana na kudansi (wakati huo waliita B Boying) akina Othman Digadiga, Sammy Cool na Bob Rich, Mzee Bachu, Ommy Sidney, Black Moses , Maganga, Hafidh, Ali Baucha wengine wengi walionesha uwezo mkali wa "Break Dancing". Kwa upande Ma-emsii walikuwa wengi sana ikiwa ni pamoja na Coneway Francis (wakati huo alionekana kuwa tishio katika rap na alivutia wengi kuingia katika shindano). Inasemekana Conway alikuwa na suati zito ambalo lililkuwa kivutio wakati huo na aliimba na dada mmoja aliyefahamika kama Janeth (Janet Jackson). Ma-emsii wengine ni pamoja na DJ Young Milionea, DJ.Danny Star, Mukama Muganda GTRM, KG 40 (Kelvin Ndunguru) na kundi lao la the Raports akiwa na wakina G Pupple(George Kusila) [[KBC]] (Kibacha) na Makili, Chief Rymson na kundi zima la Villian Gangster (baadaye ikaungana na kundi lingine la rap na kuunda [[Kwanza Unit]]), [[Eddy Cox]], [[Dika Sharp]], Fanani (Trigga F) na Ibony Moalim (ambaye wakati huu alikuwa ana floo na kurap), na wengine wengi. Katika usiku huu, Coneway Francis alitisha kupita maelezo. DJ Danny Star (aliiimba Summer Holiday Rap) KG 40 na [[Fresh XE]] ambaye kwa nyimbo hiyo hiyo ya “Piga Makofi Tafadhali ndiye aliyeibuka mshindi wa taji la Rap. Kwa bahati mbaya kukatokea vurugu, hasa kutoka kwa vijana wa Illaa na watu wengine wanaompenda Coneway Francis wakafanya fujo na kudai kuwa ushindi uende kwa Coneway hata hivyo matokeo hayakuweza kubadilishwa. Shindano la pili la Yo! Rap Bonanza, ambalo lilifanyika katika ghorofa ya saba katika hoteli ya New Africa. Safari hii, makundi ya rap yaliongezeka mno kupita wale wa kwanza. Hii sasa ilivutia hata watu kutoka nje ya Dar es Salaam, na ndiyo ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa Saleh Jabry kushiriki katika mashindano ya Yo Raps. Upande wa majaji alikuwepo Ibony Moalim - kama Chief Jaji, DJ Saydow, Mark (Mzungu wa Holiday Hotel),na Slim (Check Bob Maarifa). Upande wa wasanii walioshiriki ni pamoja na Kool Moe Cee, Kool X, MGM, Tough Jam, Big Money, DJ Edy Cox, Nigga One (Adili Kumbuka) na kundi zima la Raiders Posse, Chief Rymsom, Lady Tassy, Killa B, Easy B na kundi lao la the Bad Mother's, KG 40 (Kelvin Ndunguru), KBC (Kibacha), Saleh Jabry, [[P Funk]] na kundi lake la [[No Name]], Mukamuganda GTRM, Mahadia Kumbuka. Upande muongozaji wa tamasha alikuwa DJ. Rusual na lugha iliyotumika ilikuwa Kiingereza. Rusual (wa Jetset Discotheque - Msasani Beach) ndiye aliyendeshsha shindano, aliweza kurap kidogo kwa Kiswahili na hata alitia na [[Kidigo]] kuboresha na watu walipenda sana. Wakati shindano linaendelea, mmoja kati ya majaji usiku huu uzalendo ulimshinda na kuanza kuingia stejini na kuanza kuruka majoka wakati zamu ya Saleh Jabry (jaji mwenyewe alikuwa Slim - Check Bob Maarifa). Alifanya hivyo kila alipokuwa anaingia Saleh Jabry. Suala hili lilipelekea shindano hilo kusimama kwa muda hadi hapo walipopatana na majaji wenzie asifanye hivyo. Zogo lilikuwa kubwa, lakini hatimaye waliyamaliza kikubwa. Mtindo aliokuwa nao Saleh Jabry ni ule wa kuchanganya maneno ya msimu ya Kiingereza na Kiswahili kidogo. Inasemekana katika usiku huo, ni watu wawili tu ndio waliongea Kiswahili, DJ Rusual na Saleh Jabry tu, lakini wengine wote walikuwa wanamwaga Kiingereza tu (hii ikiwa kama mwigo wa mtindo halisi wa rap ya Kimarekani). Hata matusi aliyokuwa anatukanwa Slim yalikuwa kwa maneno ya msimu ya Kiingereza cha Kimarekani. Pamoja na kushiriki wasanii wengi na mazogo ya hapa na pale, mshindi wa usiku huo akawa Saleh Jabry. Tamasha/shindano hili la Yo Raps ! Bonanza ilifanyika Mara sita. Tamasha hili lilileta hamasa kwa watu wengi baadaye. Miongoni mwao akina Issa Michuzi waliokuwa tayari kutoa taarifia hizi katika magazeti nchini. Akina DJ Jummane (Mzungu Mholanzi maarufu DJ J4 au [[Jumanne Thomas]]). DJ huyu ambaye baadaye kaja kuwa kama mwanaharakati halisi wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kaenda mbali zaidi kwa kuwa kama meneja wa kundi zima la [[Xplastaz]] na mwaka wa 1997 akaanzisha wavuti ya Rhumba Kali (baadaye na hadi sasa inaitwa “African Hip Hop.com). DJ J4 ana nafasi kubwa katika muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania, kwanza akiwa kama mshabiki nambari moja kutoka nchi za nje, na mtunza kumbukumbu mkuu wa muziki huu wa hip hop ya TZ.<ref>[http://forum.africanhiphop.com/profile/ibony :: Historia fupi kuhusu muziki wa kizazi kipya wa Tanzania - African Hip-Hop Forum]</ref> Hakuna siri ni kweli kwamba, muziki wa Wamarekani Weusi ndio hasa ulioleta athira ya kurap kwa vijana wa [[Tanzania]], hasa ule muziki wa soul na [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], lakini kutokana na muundo wa serikali ya kisoshalisti kwa kipindi hicho, muziki wa nje ulipigwa marufuku nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kwa mfano kundi la hip hop la wakati huo Tanzania liliitwa Berry White, liliiga vilevile muziki wa Marekani na kwenda miyenendo ya upigaji uleule wa kama [[Barry White]] mwenyewe wa mamtoni. Isitoshe, kabla ya serikali ya kisoshalisti kuzuia muziki wa nje usiingie nchini Tanzania, dhahiri hip hop ya Tanzania ilikuwa ishaathiriwa na muziki wa majuu, hasa ule wa Wamarekani Weusi.<ref>[http://www.swahiliremix.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=942&Itemid=39 SwahiliRemix.com :: Tanzania Urban Culture Online - Mp3 Player<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Hili nalo lilikianza fursa kwa vijana wa Tanzanian kujua hip-hop, na hata hao wasanii wa awali aidha walijifunza kwa kusikia kupitia nchi za nje au wapate mawasiliano kutoka ughaibuni.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullopagewanted=print | title=African Hip Hop in Tanzania- Highlights of a Conversation with Alex Perullo | accessdate=2008-03-05 | archive-date=2008-05-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511075452/http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullopagewanted=print | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa baadhi ya waghani vijana kama Dolasoul, au Balozi, (Ahmed Dola), "walifanya rap kwa kujifurahisha tu, pesa haijahusika." Muziki wa rap ulikuwa sehemu ya burudani ya kupotezea muda uende kwa watoto wa kishua, hii ni tofauti kabisa kwa wasanii wa awali wa Marekani na Afrika Kusini. Elimu walitumia kama msingi wao wa kujipatia mafanikio katika jamii na hao waghani wa awali walighani (rap) kwa kutumia mashairi ya nyimbo za Wamarekani Weusi.<ref name=autogenerated5 /> Kibao kilianza kubadilika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 wakati wa kuvunja sera ya ujamaa, suala hili lilitoa fursa kwa ngoma za hip-hop kuweza kusikilizwa hata na wale watu wa hali ya chini na kuongeza mzunguko, na hapa ikakubalika na wasanii wa ndani na wapenzi wakapatikana na rekodi zikaanza kufanywa, unakili na usambazaji wa hip-hop.<ref>{{cite web| author=Alex Perullo| url=http://www.kwetuentertainment.com/state/state.htm| title=Bongo Flava| accessdate=2008-03-05| archive-date=2008-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224064029/http://www.kwetuentertainment.com/state/state.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Afrika katika kuchukua aina hii ya muziki, katika historia ya muziki wa hip hop Tanzania, haijapato kutokea msanii wa kiume wa hip hop kupata kuchaguliwa katika tuzo za muziki za Kora Afrika hadi hadi mwaka 2005 msanii [[Ambwene Yesaya]] aka AY alipotajwa katika moja ya kategoria katika tuzo hizo ya Msanii Bora wa Afrika Mashariki na Kati kwa mwaka wa 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kongoi.com/artists/bongoflava-yesaya-ambwene-aka-ay.html|title=kongoi.com|publisher=}}</ref> Kwa tuzo hizi inaonesha kiasi gani muziki huu umesogoea ndani ya muda mfupi. Kwa sasa, hip-hop si muziki wa watu wenye uwezo tu, bali pia umekuwa kama chombo muhimu cha kupazia sauti hata za wale wanyonge. Kwa kutumia hip hop, wenye hali duni wanaweza kuelezea hisia zao kuhusu yale yanayoendelea nchini. Vilevile ilitumika kama njia ya kutia hamasa vijana waweze kujiongezea kipato. Katika hali yoyote ile, wale wenye hali duni hutumia hip hop kuelezea hisia zao na wakati huohuo wanaitumia kama chanzo cha kujikwamua kiuchumi. Kwa mujibu wa mwanahabari Henry Bukuru (a.k.a. Cxteno Allstar), [[mzuki wa rap]] ulikuwa hasa ndiyo uliyoleta athira ya utamaduni wa hip hop nchini Tanzania. Mponjika aliwahi kuelezea elementi nne za utamaduni wa nchini Tanzania: [[Mabreka|break dancing]] (b-boying), [[Machata|graffiti]], [[U-DJ|DJing]], na [[Kurap|rapping]]. Mashindano ya UDJ yameleta kuzaliwa kwa hip hop, hasa huko [[Zanzibar]], ambapo kulikuwa na televisheni inarusha mashindano haya yaliyokuwa yakifanyika katika viwanja visivyo rasmi kwa ajili ya mashindano hayo (mahafali ya shuleni, pikiniki, majumba ya sherehe).<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastafricantube.com/|title=EastAfricanTube - East African Social Networking & Major Gateway in Media Sharing|publisher=}}</ref> Miongoni mwa wasanii waliosukuma muziki wa hip hop nchini Tanzania ni Mr. II. Mr. II huweka katika kundi la wasanii wanojitegemea, lakini kuna wakati muziki ulikuwa unatamba kikanda na makundi mawili yalishika chati kupita maelezo. Makundi ni pamoja na "TMK" na "East Coast". Wasanii wanaotokea TMK ni pamoja na [[Juma Nature]] au [[Gangwe Mobb]].<ref>Bongo Flava (Still) Hidden „Underground”1 Rap from Morogoro Tanazania, Birgit Englert. URL:www.univie.ac.at/ecco/stichproben/Nr5_Englert.pdf</ref> Kwa upande wa kina "East Coast" ni wale waghani ambao hujiweka katika daraja la juu na hutokea huko Upanga, wachanaji hawa hurap kuhusu maisha na starehe za maisha, hasa muziki wa kibiashara tu. Wakati wasanii kutoka TMK mfano akina Juma Nature wanarap kuhusu mambo ya nchi na mshikamano. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava:+Swahili+Rap+from+Tanzania |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2005-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023910/http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava%3A+Swahili+Rap+From+Tanzania |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullo|title=Interview with Alex Perullo, by Banning Eyre and Sean Barlow - African Hip Hop in Tanzania – Highlights of a Conversation with Alex Perullo|year=2005|accessdate=March 5, 2008|archive-date=2008-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403001733/http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullo|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasanii wa awali wa rap ya Tanzania == [[Picha:Adili Kumbuka (Nigga One).jpg|thumb|Adili Kumbuka, lakabu Nigga One. Alikuwa mchanaji maarufu sana kwa watoto Ilala. Katika shindao la Yo Rap Bonanza la mwaka 1992, Nigga One alichukua nafasi ya pili, na ya kwanza ikaenda kwa Saleh Jabri. Kundi lake lilikuwa Raiders Posse kabla kuundwa KU Crew. Alikuwemo KBC, D-Rob, Eddy Cox, James Paul Wamba na wengine wengi.]] Sehemu kubwa ya hip hop ya Tanzania ilianza na watu ambao siku hizi hawatajwi kabisa au mchango wao unaonekana hafifu. Baadhi ya wasanii walioanzisha hasa gurudumu la muziki wa hip ho ya Tanzania. {{quote|Kifupi, hip hop ya Tanzania, sehemu kubwa ya wasanii walianza kwenye miaka ya 1985 hadi 1987. Zama hizi kulikuwa na mashindano ya kurap katika maeneo mbalimbali hasa majumba ya starehe na masheleni. Ukikutana na mtu anayeweza kuchana kwa Kiingereza lazima ushindane nae mtu kwa mtu hadi kieleweke. Wakati Saleh Jabri alivyojitafsiria wimbo wa Ice Ice na kurekodi mwishoni mwa mwaka 1991, wimbo haukupendwa sana na marapa wa Tanzania bara kwa sababu wakati huo watu kitambo walishaanza kuchana katika kumbi mbalimbali jijini Dar kama vile Twiga, New Chox, Coco Beach na nyingine kibao tangu 1987. Pamoja na yote, bado hakukuwa na rekodi rasmi zilizotolewa. Kwa vile walifanya kwa kujifurahisha, watu walikuwa wanakutana chini ya uangalizi wa Bonny Luv, na makundi yakaanza kuundwa kwa kasi ya ajabu kuanzia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1993. Hata rekodi za awali ilianza tangu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, lakini sehemu kubwa ya nyimbo hizo ilikuwa kwa Kiingereza japokuwa kulikuwa na baadhi ya wasanii waliokuwa wanakinukisha kwa Kiswahili japo si sana. Kwa kipindi kile ilikuwa aidha uende kwa watayarishaji huko Masaki au studio za Clouds na rap ilikuwa inakua kwa kasi. Nilipewa upendeleo wa kipekee kwa kudondosha wimbo wa "Oya Msela"' na Clouds Ent 1991 lakini sikuwa wa kwanza kuimba kwa Kiswahili, kulikuwa na wajuvi zaidi yangu kabla ya mimi. Lakini umaarufu wa wimbo ulishika hatamu na kupigwa sana kwenye vyombo mbalimbali vya habari kama vile ITV ulitazamiwa kama wimbo wa kwanza wa rap wa video kurushwa katika runinga hiyo. Kwa hakika ilimaliza nyimbo za rap ya Kiingereza kwa sababu tangu hapo wengi walitamani nao kuimba kwa Kiswahili. Baada ya kibao hiki, nilipata simu kutoka kwa Mr II lakabu Sugu akisema, ahsante kwa kufunifungua macho. Huko nyuma kulikuwa na mgomvi mengi yasomana lakini tuliyamaliza vyema kabisa. Sipendi kuyaelezea sana kwa sababu pale uvutio unapokutana na sanaa, ubunifu huwa kileleni. Salaam kwa wale wote walioshika maiki miaka ya nyuma hata kama ilikuwa japo kwa dakika tatu.|[[Sindila Assey]] mnamo 8 Mei, 2017}} * Fresh X E - jina halisi ni Edward Mtui na ndiye hasa mwanzilishi wa kurap kwa Kiswahili katika miaka ya 1980 na alikuwa akiimba wimbo wake kwa kiitikio cha "Piga Makofi" ambao aliubadilisha wa [[Run-D.M.C.]] Clap Your Hands, lakini hajaurekodi. Kwa kuenzi uwepo wa Fresh na mchango wake katika tasnia, [[Professor Jay]] akatengeneza wimbo wa [[Piga Makofi]] kwa kutumia kiitikio kilekile cha Fresh kisha kutaja hazina kubwa ya wasaniii walioanzisha hip hop ya Tanzania. * Young Millionaire * Conway Francis * [[Mawingu Band]] lakabu the Clouds - ilikuwa bendi iliyotamba na wimbo wa "Oya Msela" wimbo ambao unatoka katika albamu yao ya mwaka wa 1994, Msela. * [[Cool James]] lakabu Mtoto wa Dandu * Adili Kumbuka lakabu Nigga One - alikuwa mmoja kati ya wasanii mahairi sana katika rap ya Tanzania. Vilevile alishiriki vilivyo katika kuanzishwa kwa Kwanza Unit mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 bahati mbaya hakuona matunda yake kwani alikuja kufa katika ajali ya gari mnamo mwaka wa 1993. Kulingana na duru, Nigga One inasemakana alikuwa hatari sana kwa kufoka. Wasanii wengi walimhofia kupambana nae katika mashindano ya rap. Sindila anamwelezea Nigga One {{Quote|To be honest, a lot of icons where with Kwanza Unit, One, Ramzy, KBC, Easy B just to name a few. One aka Adili was the most stubborn influence behind every stage. He never shy away from an empty instrumental. He will annoy any DJ to get the piece of his lyrics out anytime anywhere. A very humble dude he was. He would always share a stage with his crew (KU) and anyone who's willing to try him. That's the interview you would have loved to have. I instantly became a friend when KBC introduced me to all (KU)one afternoon day at Twiga when DJ Bonny Luv asked of me. I was nervous, KBC was telling them I can do Treach all day... my gf was there too. In front of KU I did prove myself. Adili was jumping up n down. We then set for a New Chox cinema show. 'One' was unique on the microphone. He flowed like The late Guru and would get on any track.|Sindilla Assey}} * [[Kwanza Unit]] - miongoni mwa makundi ya kwanza kabisa katika hip hop ya Tanzania. Kiufupi, KU ndiyo kundi la kwanza kuundwa katika tasinia nzima ya muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kuundwa kwa kundi ni juhudi kubwa na za dhati kutoka kwa [[Zavara Mponjika]] na hayati Nigga One. Kabla ya muungano, kulikuwa na mabifu kibao yasomana na ilibidi waungane li kuondoa mabifu na kukuza muziki kwenda kiwango kingine. Kuungana kwao, kulifanikisha mambo mengi kama wasanii waasisi wa rap ya Tanzania. * [[Hard Blasters]] - kundi ambalo hutazamiwa kuleta mabadiliko katika muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania * Da Young Mob - kundi ambalo [[II Proud]] alipanda nalo katika kinyang'anyiro cha Yo Rap Bonanza, 1993 * [[Deplowmatz]] - Wakati wanaanza harakati ilibidi kwanza wamuone Sindilla kwa ushauri zaidi. Muda mfupi baadaye wakarekodi nyimbo zao mbili za kwanza "Turuke kwa Furaha" na "Word is Born". * Wagumu Weusi Asilia lakabu W.W.A * Black Houndz * Bantu Pound * Niggaz with Power (NWP) * Full Soldiers  * Rough Niggaz  * Kibo Flava * The Mac Mooger * Mabaga Fresh * KNT Squad  * Ras Pompidue * [[Saleh Jabir]] - msanii wa kwanza wa hip hop ya Tanzania kurekodi na kusambaza kazi zake. Japo mwenyewe hakuonesha kutaka kusambaza kazi zile bali alikuta tayari mzigo uko sokoni na baadaye kukamia ili apate chochote kitu. Inaaminika ndiye hasa aliyeanzisha kurap kwa Kiswahili, hasa kwa kufuatia shindano la Yo Rap Bonanza la mwaka 1992 na kuibuka mshindi. Saleh Jabri hutazamika kama ndiye chachu aliyesabisha wasanii wengine wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania kuuanza kuimba kwa Kiswahili. Kabla ya Saleh J kushiriki kwenye tamasha la Yo Rap Bonanza, lugha kuu ilikuwa Kiingereza, lakini Saleh alitumia Kiswahili katika tungo zake. Hasa alifanya kunakili nyimbo za Kimarekani, kama vile Ice Ice Baby ya Vanilla Ice na kuimba kwa Kiswahili. * Sos B * Niggaz 2 Public * [[Xplastaz]]  * [[Underground Souls]] * [[Ugly Faces]] - Hawa walikuwa wasela waliotambushwa wa Sindila Assey wa Mawingu Band na walifanya balaa zito kaktika mazoezi yao. Ndani yake anakuna Mac D, DJ Rich Maka na Eazy Daz. Kwa pamoja wakafanya ngoma moja na Bonny Luv iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[Wapambe Nuksi]]" mnamo mwaka 1997. * [[Big Dogg Pose]] * [[GWM]] * [[L.W.P]] * Afro Reign  * Pyscho Tak  * [[2Proud]]  * No name - kundi ambalo [[P Funk]] alikuwa mwanachama wao na Mchizi Karabani. * King Crazy GK * [[Gangwe Mobb]] * Hashim Dogo * Bugsy Malone * Kool X * Cool Moe Cee  * Big Money * 4 Krewz Flava - miaka ya 1990 walihesabiwa kama akina Boyz II Men ya Tanzania. Lilikuwa kundi la mwanzo kabisa nchini Tanzania kuimba muziki wa R&B. * Unique Sisters * E Attack <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Juma Nature]]  * Hardcore Unit * Imeditation Kingdom * Fun with Sense  * Solo thang  * Mack Malik aka Mac 2 B Wasanii hao walishiriki vilivyo katika kuunda muziki wa hip hop nchini Tanzania ==Marejeo== {{reflist|2}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/projects/2005/11/aidsmusic/recordings_aidsmusic2.shtml Extra Listening for Tanzanian Hip Hop and AIDS awareness.] * '''Three African musical responses to AIDS''', [http://www.uuworld.org/life/articles/4481.shtml Recordings from Africa show the range of musical responses to the pandemic.] {{Hiphop}} [[Jamii:Makundi ya Hip Hop ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Tanzania]] rk0bwd85hz16bna5vkbobl00vcebn2n 1548902 1548881 2026-05-23T09:32:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hip-hop ya 'Tanzania''', japo huwekwa katika kundi la [[Bongo Flava]]. Hii inatokana na mchanganyiko au elementi za pop na midundo ya Kitanzania. Kumekuwa na midahalo kadha wa kadha juu ya Bongo Flava, ambayo imejiibua ikiwa kama miondoko ya pop, ya kwamba inastahili kutumia istilahi ya "hip hop" na si jina la kipekee ambalo halihusiani kabisa na elementi za hip hop,<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first= A.|title= X Plastaz & Bongo Flava: Tanzanian hip hop released internationally|url=http://www.africanhiphop.com/index.php?module=subjects&func=printpage&pageid=223&scope=all|website= africanhiphop.com}}</ref> huku ikiwa inaendelea kujijenga katika misingi tofauti kabisa na hrdcore rap au, kwa mfano, kundi la [[Hip-hop]] la [[X Plastaz]], ambao wao wanatumia muziki wa kimila ya Kimasai kuundia muziki na staili yao kwa ujumla.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava:+Swahili+Rap+from+Tanzania |title=Martin, Lydia. "Bongo Flava: Swahili Rap from Tanzania." afropop.org |accessdate=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2005-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023910/http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava%3A+Swahili+Rap+From+Tanzania |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hip hop ya Tanzania ilianza katika miaka ya 1980 wakati huo vijana wa Kitanzania walikuwa na mapenzi ya juu na muziki wa hip hop wa Marekani. Hapo awali, walichukua biti za rap na hip hop za Kimarekani na kuimbia juu yake. Wakati vijana wakirap, polepole ikaanza kujitengeneza katika maudhui ya muziki wa asili ya Kitanzania kwa kuunda muziki wa aina yake yenyewe. Matokeo yake, ikaanza kuonesha shauku kutoka kwa vijana wengine kutoka katika maeneo ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref>Mueller, Gavin. "Bongoflava: The Primer." Stylus Magazine, 12 May 2005</ref> ==Staili ya muziki wa Bongo Flava== Bongo Flava ni muziki wenye wendo kasi na huimbwa kwa Kiswahili. Jina la “Bongo Flava” linatoka na jina la utani la Dar es Salaam. Ina maana ya kwamba unahitaji akili ili uweze kuishi katika jiji hilo. Ina husisha elementi mbalimbali ili kujenga muziki huu, hasa rap ya Kimarekani, R&B, hip hop, ikiwa na twisti kali la Kiswahili ndani yake. Kama jinsi ilivyo tamaduni za muziki wa hip hop wa Kimarekani nazo zimo vilevile katika mashairi ya hip hop ya Tanzania yenye kuhusu, [[UKIMWI]], umaskini na rushwa, au kuhusu maisha, mahusiano, fedha, wivu na mapenzi.<ref name=autogenerated5>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Pres</ref> Bongo Flava ni mseto wa [[Afrobeat]] na melodi za Kiarabu, dancehall na midundo ya hip-hop, na mashairi ya Kiswahili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/pop_playground/bongoflava-the-primer.htm|title=Bongoflava: The Primer - Pop Playground - Stylus Magazine|publisher=|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2011-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108044748/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/pop_playground/bongoflava-the-primer.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muziki huu ulianza kujengwa katika miaka ya 1980 wakati vijana wa Kitanzania walipoanza kuvutiwa kuimba muziki wa hip hop wa Marekani.Haraka wakaongeza ladha zao katika muziki huo na kutengeneza midundo yenye mahadhi ya kinyumbani, mizani, na hoja zake pia. Aina hii ya muziki imekuwa maarufu kwa haraka sana; umekuwa miongoni mwa muziki unaouza vizuri katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], na tayari ushapata mafaniko katika nchi za jirani kama vile [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]], na kusambaa maeneo mengine ya Afrika na duniani kwa ujumla. Mwaka wa 2004, studio ya Kijerumani [[Out Here Records]] ilitoa kompilesheni ya CD ya Bongo Flava iliyoitwa [[Swahili Rap from Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|title=Out - here records -|publisher=|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2008-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|url-status=dead}}</ref> CD hiyo yenye dakika 70 ambayo ndani yake kuna wasanii kama [[X Plastaz]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Gangwe Mobb]] wamefurahia usambazaji huo wa kimataifa. Wakati hip hop ya Marekani inaingia Tanzania kwa mara ya kwanza, marapa wa ndani walichukua sampuli ya midundo ya rap ya Kimarenai, na kutia maneno ya Kiswahili katika neno la Kiingereza. Bongo Flava hiyo changa na kuiingiza hip hop kutoka Marekani awali ilikumbatiwa sana na watoto wa kishua ambao waliona kama fasheni kuiga miyenendo ya Kimarekani.<ref name="tzaffairs.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.tzaffairs.org/?p=195|title=Tanzanian Affairs » BONGO FLAVA|publisher=}}</ref> Hili lilitazamiwa kama kuiga tamaduni na mitindo ya Kimarekani kwa wakati ule. Hasa walionekana kama wapenda Umarekani. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, wakati mtindo huu unakua kwa kasi, karibia kila rapa na wafokaji walianza kuvutiwa kuimba rap hizi kwa Kiswahili. Maamuzi hayo yalipelekea muziki huo kuvutiwa na vijana wa ndani sasa hasa kwa kufuatia lugha ya Kiswahili ndiyo lugha ya taifa na ndiyo lugha ya mazungumzo kwa kila raia wa Tanzania.<ref name=autogenerated1>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.</ref> Kwa kuongezea, midundo ilihama kutoka ile midundo yenye mahadhi ya Kimarekani na kuanza kutengeza mizani, sauti na midundo ya kinyumbani zaidi. <ref name="tzaffairs.org"/> Wasanii wa Tanzania walihakikisha wanarap kwa Kiingereza, lakini watadumisha Uswahili wao katika mashairi. Kuimba kwa Kiswahili, waliweza kutunga hip hop yenye muundo wa Kiswahili huku wakidumisha hali halisi ya hip hop ya Marekani.<ref>The Language of the Young People: Rap, Urban Culture and Protest in Tanzania. Journal of Asian and African studies [0021-9096] Casco yr:2006 vol:41 iss:3 pg:229</ref> Rap hii ya Kiswahili iliendelea kutumia fasihi na mila za Kiswahili kwa kuchezea maneno na mizani ili kujieleza. Hapo awali wasaniii wengi sana walijibidisha kutumia mawazo au fikra na tamaduni za Kiswahili katika nyimbo zao kuliko kuandaa upya pop na tamaduni za Rap za Kigansta za Kimarekani.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Uamuzi wa matumizi ya lugha umechukua nafasi nzuri katika kukuza na kukubalika kwa muziki wa Bongo Flava nchini. Ingawa kurap kwa Kiswahili kwa wasanii wengi wapya waliweza kuswahilisha hip hop ya Marekani hasa katika nyanja za kisiasa na kuihusisha na tamaduni za ndani katika Tanzania. Rapa wa Kitanzaniar Dolasoul (Ahmed Dola), ambaye alisoma nchini [[Nigeria]] na [[Uingereza]], alieleza ya kwamba muziki wa rap, hasa kwa Kiswahili, umemletea maana ya kuwawakilisha watu wake na kuongelea mabadiliko ambayo yanaweza kufanywa kwa ajili ya kesho iliyo-bora’"<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_24/ai_82803971/pg_5 | title=Language choice and hip hop in Tanzania and Malawi &#124; Popular Music and Society}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> Pia ameeleza ya kwamba albamu zilitotayarishwa kwa Kiswahili na matumizi machache ya Kiingereza, inasaidia kufanya lugha yake kukubalika zaidi kimataifa. Matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili katika bongo flava hufikisha ujumbe na azimio kwa wasikilizaji wake, inatia hamasa ya kujivunia utaifa na tamaduni kwa ujumla. Dolasoul anasema ya kwamba matumizi ya Kiswahili na Kiingereza kiasi katika nyimbo zake, anajaribu “kuwaamsha watu wake.” Wakati huohuo, muziki wa Rap wa Kiswahili unajaribu kuwakilisha maudhui yaleyale ya rap za nje lakini katika mtindo wa Kitanzania zaidi. Katika harakati za kuchukua mifano ya marapa maarufu wa Marekani ili kutengeneza muziki wa ndani, hili limepelekea kuonekana Tanzania kama vile inagezea muziki wa nje na sehemu kubwa walionwa kama wahuni tu. Kweli kabisa hao wanaogezea rap ya kihuni ya Kimagharibi walichukuliwa kama magangsta uchwara.<ref name=Lemelle>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 240. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Pres</ref> Hivyo basi matumizi ya Kiswahili katika Rap ya Tanzania imesaidia kuazimisha maudhui ya tamaduni ya Kiafrika zaidi. Hoja zilizokuwa zinaimbwa sana ilikuwa suala la kuweka usawa kwa wanawake, ambapo kwa kipindi hiko ilikuwa imeshika hatamu kuliko yale mashairi makali. Pamoja na yote, mitindo ya kushangaza ambayo inaonekana kushika hatamu au hupendwa na vijana wengi wa Tanzania, kwa mfano uimbaji wa kundi la LWP Majitu, kulingana na [[Out Here Records]], LWP ni "moja kati ya makundi maarufu kwa mtindo wa mashairi ya kutisha"<ref>{{cite web|title=Bongo Flava|work=Out Here Records|date=15 November 2004|accessdate=6 March 2008|url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|archive-date=2008-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aidha katika maeneo maskini ya Tanzania au yale yenye maisha mazuri, ni vigumu sana wasaniii wa rap kuweza kudumisha mila na asili, si tu nchini hata huko ulimwenguni. ==Kuibuka kwa hip-hop nchini Tanzania== [[Picha:Samia X Cool Moe Cee Ibony na Kim.jpg|thumb|Kutoka kushoto: Samia X, Cool Moe Cee, Ibony Moalim na marehemu Kim.]] [[Utamaduni wa hip hop]] nchini [[Tanzania]] ulianza mwanzoni na katikati mwa miaka ya 1980 hasa ikiwa kama harakati changa. Wakati huo mapromota na wasanii walilazimika kurekodi na kunakili muziki studio kwa zamu huku wakitumia vifaa hafifu kabisa. Rap ya awali. Haijaanza katika maeneo ya watu wenye hali ya chini ya kimaisha jijini [[Dar es Salaam]], bali katika maenoe ambayo tayari yana athira ya muziki huo hasa mijini, ambapo vijana wengi walikuwa na fursa a u uwezo wa kupata vitu na nyimbo za dunia ya Kimagharibi kupitia marafiki, familia, na nafasi za kusafiri. Cha kushangaza, muziki wa rap ulikuwa unabamba zaidi kwa watu wa hali ya wastani. Hawa walikuwa vijana wenye elimu ya kawaida, wanaojua Kiingereza na uhusiano na watu wa nchi za nje ambao wangeliweza kuwatumia kanda au CD muziki kutoka kwao. Muziki wa hip hop umetoa chanzo kizuri kwa vijana wa Kitanzania kuelezea yale ya moyoni yanayoikumba jamii yao.<ref name=autogenerated7>Lemelle, Sidney J. “‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha.” From The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, 230-54. Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press</ref> Wanafunzi hawa wa hip hop wamecheza nafasi kubwa katika uanzishwaji wa bongo flava, "hasa kwa kupitia ushiriki wa tamaduni mbalimbali za ndani ya nchi, malugha na bila kubaguana rangi na kuifanya hip hop ya nchini iwe ya kimataifa, hasa kwa kuunganisha lugha ya Wamarekani Weusi na kutia maneno ya Kiswahili na maneno ya mtaani ("Kihuni")".<ref>[http://www.today.ucla.edu/voices/h-samy-alim_hip-hop/ How hip-hop culture is changing the wor(l)d - UCLA Today Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Katika miaka ya 1990, hip hop ya Tanzania ilhama kutoka katika misingi ya kuimba kwa kujifurahisha na kwenda kuwa muziki unaokubalika kibiashara, hii ilipelekea upate kujulikana na vijana wengine wa hali ya chini. [[Picha:Conway-francis-and-his-girlfriend-johana-back-in-the-90s 36217637841 o.jpg|thumb|Conway Francis akiwa na mpenzi wake, Johanna huko Ilala katika miaka ya 1990. Conway alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la "Three Power Crew" ambalo ndani yake alikuwa anakuja Fresh XE, Young Millionaire na Con mwenyewe. Con alikuwa machachari sana.]] Rap ya awali ya Tanzanian ilikuwa kwa Kiingereza tu, lakini wakati mtindo huu unakua baadhi ya marapa wakaanza kuandika mashairi yao kwa Kiswahilii. Shindano la kwanza la muziki wa rap nchini Tanzania lilianzishwa na marehemu Shaban Sato mnamo 1989/90 katika ukumbi wa Lang’ata. Kupitia mashindano haya, ndipo marehemu [[Kim and the Boyz]] (Abdulhakheem Magomero) na [[Ibony Moalim]] walipopata wazo la kuanzisha mashindano makubwa ya rap maarufu kama [[Yo Rap Bonanza]] katika ukumbi uleule wa Lang’ata Kinondoni..<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanhiphop.com/index.php?module=subjects&func=viewpage&pageid=157|title=Africanhiphop.com - the foundation of African hip hop online|publisher=}}</ref> Emsii usiku huo alikuwa DJ Junior Challenger almaarufu Amani Misana (Mzee wa Pillow Talk). Usiku wa shindano uliambatana na kudansi (wakati huo waliita B Boying) akina Othman Digadiga, Sammy Cool na Bob Rich, Mzee Bachu, Ommy Sidney, Black Moses , Maganga, Hafidh, Ali Baucha wengine wengi walionesha uwezo mkali wa "Break Dancing". Kwa upande Ma-emsii walikuwa wengi sana ikiwa ni pamoja na Coneway Francis (wakati huo alionekana kuwa tishio katika rap na alivutia wengi kuingia katika shindano). Inasemekana Conway alikuwa na suati zito ambalo lililkuwa kivutio wakati huo na aliimba na dada mmoja aliyefahamika kama Janeth (Janet Jackson). Ma-emsii wengine ni pamoja na DJ Young Milionea, DJ.Danny Star, Mukama Muganda GTRM, KG 40 (Kelvin Ndunguru) na kundi lao la the Raports akiwa na wakina G Pupple(George Kusila) [[KBC]] (Kibacha) na Makili, Chief Rymson na kundi zima la Villian Gangster (baadaye ikaungana na kundi lingine la rap na kuunda [[Kwanza Unit]]), [[Eddy Cox]], [[Dika Sharp]], Fanani (Trigga F) na Ibony Moalim (ambaye wakati huu alikuwa ana floo na kurap), na wengine wengi. Katika usiku huu, Coneway Francis alitisha kupita maelezo. DJ Danny Star (aliiimba Summer Holiday Rap) KG 40 na [[Fresh XE]] ambaye kwa nyimbo hiyo hiyo ya “Piga Makofi Tafadhali ndiye aliyeibuka mshindi wa taji la Rap. Kwa bahati mbaya kukatokea vurugu, hasa kutoka kwa vijana wa Illaa na watu wengine wanaompenda Coneway Francis wakafanya fujo na kudai kuwa ushindi uende kwa Coneway hata hivyo matokeo hayakuweza kubadilishwa. Shindano la pili la Yo! Rap Bonanza, ambalo lilifanyika katika ghorofa ya saba katika hoteli ya New Africa. Safari hii, makundi ya rap yaliongezeka mno kupita wale wa kwanza. Hii sasa ilivutia hata watu kutoka nje ya Dar es Salaam, na ndiyo ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa Saleh Jabry kushiriki katika mashindano ya Yo Raps. Upande wa majaji alikuwepo Ibony Moalim - kama Chief Jaji, DJ Saydow, Mark (Mzungu wa Holiday Hotel),na Slim (Check Bob Maarifa). Upande wa wasanii walioshiriki ni pamoja na Kool Moe Cee, Kool X, MGM, Tough Jam, Big Money, DJ Edy Cox, Nigga One (Adili Kumbuka) na kundi zima la Raiders Posse, Chief Rymsom, Lady Tassy, Killa B, Easy B na kundi lao la the Bad Mother's, KG 40 (Kelvin Ndunguru), KBC (Kibacha), Saleh Jabry, [[P Funk]] na kundi lake la [[No Name]], Mukamuganda GTRM, Mahadia Kumbuka. Upande muongozaji wa tamasha alikuwa DJ. Rusual na lugha iliyotumika ilikuwa Kiingereza. Rusual (wa Jetset Discotheque - Msasani Beach) ndiye aliyendeshsha shindano, aliweza kurap kidogo kwa Kiswahili na hata alitia na [[Kidigo]] kuboresha na watu walipenda sana. Wakati shindano linaendelea, mmoja kati ya majaji usiku huu uzalendo ulimshinda na kuanza kuingia stejini na kuanza kuruka majoka wakati zamu ya Saleh Jabry (jaji mwenyewe alikuwa Slim - Check Bob Maarifa). Alifanya hivyo kila alipokuwa anaingia Saleh Jabry. Suala hili lilipelekea shindano hilo kusimama kwa muda hadi hapo walipopatana na majaji wenzie asifanye hivyo. Zogo lilikuwa kubwa, lakini hatimaye waliyamaliza kikubwa. Mtindo aliokuwa nao Saleh Jabry ni ule wa kuchanganya maneno ya msimu ya Kiingereza na Kiswahili kidogo. Inasemekana katika usiku huo, ni watu wawili tu ndio waliongea Kiswahili, DJ Rusual na Saleh Jabry tu, lakini wengine wote walikuwa wanamwaga Kiingereza tu (hii ikiwa kama mwigo wa mtindo halisi wa rap ya Kimarekani). Hata matusi aliyokuwa anatukanwa Slim yalikuwa kwa maneno ya msimu ya Kiingereza cha Kimarekani. Pamoja na kushiriki wasanii wengi na mazogo ya hapa na pale, mshindi wa usiku huo akawa Saleh Jabry. Tamasha/shindano hili la Yo Raps ! Bonanza ilifanyika Mara sita. Tamasha hili lilileta hamasa kwa watu wengi baadaye. Miongoni mwao akina Issa Michuzi waliokuwa tayari kutoa taarifia hizi katika magazeti nchini. Akina DJ Jummane (Mzungu Mholanzi maarufu DJ J4 au [[Jumanne Thomas]]). DJ huyu ambaye baadaye kaja kuwa kama mwanaharakati halisi wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kaenda mbali zaidi kwa kuwa kama meneja wa kundi zima la [[Xplastaz]] na mwaka wa 1997 akaanzisha wavuti ya Rhumba Kali (baadaye na hadi sasa inaitwa “African Hip Hop.com). DJ J4 ana nafasi kubwa katika muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania, kwanza akiwa kama mshabiki nambari moja kutoka nchi za nje, na mtunza kumbukumbu mkuu wa muziki huu wa hip hop ya TZ.<ref>[http://forum.africanhiphop.com/profile/ibony :: Historia fupi kuhusu muziki wa kizazi kipya wa Tanzania - African Hip-Hop Forum]</ref> Hakuna siri ni kweli kwamba, muziki wa Wamarekani Weusi ndio hasa ulioleta athira ya kurap kwa vijana wa [[Tanzania]], hasa ule muziki wa soul na [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], lakini kutokana na muundo wa serikali ya kisoshalisti kwa kipindi hicho, muziki wa nje ulipigwa marufuku nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kwa mfano kundi la hip hop la wakati huo Tanzania liliitwa Berry White, liliiga vilevile muziki wa Marekani na kwenda miyenendo ya upigaji uleule wa kama [[Barry White]] mwenyewe wa mamtoni. Isitoshe, kabla ya serikali ya kisoshalisti kuzuia muziki wa nje usiingie nchini Tanzania, dhahiri hip hop ya Tanzania ilikuwa ishaathiriwa na muziki wa majuu, hasa ule wa Wamarekani Weusi.<ref>[http://www.swahiliremix.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=942&Itemid=39 SwahiliRemix.com :: Tanzania Urban Culture Online - Mp3 Player<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Hili nalo lilikianza fursa kwa vijana wa Tanzanian kujua hip-hop, na hata hao wasanii wa awali aidha walijifunza kwa kusikia kupitia nchi za nje au wapate mawasiliano kutoka ughaibuni.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullopagewanted=print | title=African Hip Hop in Tanzania- Highlights of a Conversation with Alex Perullo | accessdate=2008-03-05 | archive-date=2008-05-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511075452/http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullopagewanted=print | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa baadhi ya waghani vijana kama Dolasoul, au Balozi, (Ahmed Dola), "walifanya rap kwa kujifurahisha tu, pesa haijahusika." Muziki wa rap ulikuwa sehemu ya burudani ya kupotezea muda uende kwa watoto wa kishua, hii ni tofauti kabisa kwa wasanii wa awali wa Marekani na Afrika Kusini. Elimu walitumia kama msingi wao wa kujipatia mafanikio katika jamii na hao waghani wa awali walighani (rap) kwa kutumia mashairi ya nyimbo za Wamarekani Weusi.<ref name=autogenerated5 /> Kibao kilianza kubadilika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 wakati wa kuvunja sera ya ujamaa, suala hili lilitoa fursa kwa ngoma za hip-hop kuweza kusikilizwa hata na wale watu wa hali ya chini na kuongeza mzunguko, na hapa ikakubalika na wasanii wa ndani na wapenzi wakapatikana na rekodi zikaanza kufanywa, unakili na usambazaji wa hip-hop.<ref>{{cite web| author=Alex Perullo| url=http://www.kwetuentertainment.com/state/state.htm| title=Bongo Flava| accessdate=2008-03-05| archive-date=2008-02-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224064029/http://www.kwetuentertainment.com/state/state.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Afrika katika kuchukua aina hii ya muziki, katika historia ya muziki wa hip hop Tanzania, haijapato kutokea msanii wa kiume wa hip hop kupata kuchaguliwa katika tuzo za muziki za Kora Afrika hadi hadi mwaka 2005 msanii [[Ambwene Yesaya]] aka AY alipotajwa katika moja ya kategoria katika tuzo hizo ya Msanii Bora wa Afrika Mashariki na Kati kwa mwaka wa 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kongoi.com/artists/bongoflava-yesaya-ambwene-aka-ay.html|title=kongoi.com|publisher=}}</ref> Kwa tuzo hizi inaonesha kiasi gani muziki huu umesogoea ndani ya muda mfupi. Kwa sasa, hip-hop si muziki wa watu wenye uwezo tu, bali pia umekuwa kama chombo muhimu cha kupazia sauti hata za wale wanyonge. Kwa kutumia hip hop, wenye hali duni wanaweza kuelezea hisia zao kuhusu yale yanayoendelea nchini. Vilevile ilitumika kama njia ya kutia hamasa vijana waweze kujiongezea kipato. Katika hali yoyote ile, wale wenye hali duni hutumia hip hop kuelezea hisia zao na wakati huohuo wanaitumia kama chanzo cha kujikwamua kiuchumi. Kwa mujibu wa mwanahabari Henry Bukuru (a.k.a. Cxteno Allstar), [[mzuki wa rap]] ulikuwa hasa ndiyo uliyoleta athira ya utamaduni wa hip hop nchini Tanzania. Mponjika aliwahi kuelezea elementi nne za utamaduni wa nchini Tanzania: [[Mabreka|break dancing]] (b-boying), [[Machata|graffiti]], [[U-DJ|DJing]], na [[Kurap|rapping]]. Mashindano ya UDJ yameleta kuzaliwa kwa hip hop, hasa huko [[Zanzibar]], ambapo kulikuwa na televisheni inarusha mashindano haya yaliyokuwa yakifanyika katika viwanja visivyo rasmi kwa ajili ya mashindano hayo (mahafali ya shuleni, pikiniki, majumba ya sherehe).<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastafricantube.com/|title=EastAfricanTube - East African Social Networking & Major Gateway in Media Sharing|publisher=}}</ref> Miongoni mwa wasanii waliosukuma muziki wa hip hop nchini Tanzania ni Mr. II. Mr. II huweka katika kundi la wasanii wanojitegemea, lakini kuna wakati muziki ulikuwa unatamba kikanda na makundi mawili yalishika chati kupita maelezo. Makundi ni pamoja na "TMK" na "East Coast". Wasanii wanaotokea TMK ni pamoja na [[Juma Nature]] au [[Gangwe Mobb]].<ref>Bongo Flava (Still) Hidden „Underground”1 Rap from Morogoro Tanazania, Birgit Englert. URL:www.univie.ac.at/ecco/stichproben/Nr5_Englert.pdf</ref> Kwa upande wa kina "East Coast" ni wale waghani ambao hujiweka katika daraja la juu na hutokea huko Upanga, wachanaji hawa hurap kuhusu maisha na starehe za maisha, hasa muziki wa kibiashara tu. Wakati wasanii kutoka TMK mfano akina Juma Nature wanarap kuhusu mambo ya nchi na mshikamano. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava:+Swahili+Rap+from+Tanzania |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-11-20 |archive-date=2005-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023910/http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava%3A+Swahili+Rap+From+Tanzania |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullo|title=Interview with Alex Perullo, by Banning Eyre and Sean Barlow - African Hip Hop in Tanzania – Highlights of a Conversation with Alex Perullo|year=2005|accessdate=March 5, 2008|archive-date=2008-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403001733/http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/67/AFRICAN+HIP+HOP+IN+TANZANIA+-+Highlights+of+a+Conversation+with+Alex+Perullo|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasanii wa awali wa rap ya Tanzania == [[Picha:Adili Kumbuka (Nigga One).jpg|thumb|Adili Kumbuka, lakabu Nigga One. Alikuwa mchanaji maarufu sana kwa watoto Ilala. Katika shindao la Yo Rap Bonanza la mwaka 1992, Nigga One alichukua nafasi ya pili, na ya kwanza ikaenda kwa Saleh Jabri. Kundi lake lilikuwa Raiders Posse kabla kuundwa KU Crew. Alikuwemo KBC, D-Rob, Eddy Cox, James Paul Wamba na wengine wengi.]] Sehemu kubwa ya hip hop ya Tanzania ilianza na watu ambao siku hizi hawatajwi kabisa au mchango wao unaonekana hafifu. Baadhi ya wasanii walioanzisha hasa gurudumu la muziki wa hip ho ya Tanzania. {{quote|Kifupi, hip hop ya Tanzania, sehemu kubwa ya wasanii walianza kwenye miaka ya 1985 hadi 1987. Zama hizi kulikuwa na mashindano ya kurap katika maeneo mbalimbali hasa majumba ya starehe na masheleni. Ukikutana na mtu anayeweza kuchana kwa Kiingereza lazima ushindane nae mtu kwa mtu hadi kieleweke. Wakati Saleh Jabri alivyojitafsiria wimbo wa Ice Ice na kurekodi mwishoni mwa mwaka 1991, wimbo haukupendwa sana na marapa wa Tanzania bara kwa sababu wakati huo watu kitambo walishaanza kuchana katika kumbi mbalimbali jijini Dar kama vile Twiga, New Chox, Coco Beach na nyingine kibao tangu 1987. Pamoja na yote, bado hakukuwa na rekodi rasmi zilizotolewa. Kwa vile walifanya kwa kujifurahisha, watu walikuwa wanakutana chini ya uangalizi wa Bonny Luv, na makundi yakaanza kuundwa kwa kasi ya ajabu kuanzia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1993. Hata rekodi za awali ilianza tangu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, lakini sehemu kubwa ya nyimbo hizo ilikuwa kwa Kiingereza japokuwa kulikuwa na baadhi ya wasanii waliokuwa wanakinukisha kwa Kiswahili japo si sana. Kwa kipindi kile ilikuwa aidha uende kwa watayarishaji huko Masaki au studio za Clouds na rap ilikuwa inakua kwa kasi. Nilipewa upendeleo wa kipekee kwa kudondosha wimbo wa "Oya Msela"' na Clouds Ent 1991 lakini sikuwa wa kwanza kuimba kwa Kiswahili, kulikuwa na wajuvi zaidi yangu kabla ya mimi. Lakini umaarufu wa wimbo ulishika hatamu na kupigwa sana kwenye vyombo mbalimbali vya habari kama vile ITV ulitazamiwa kama wimbo wa kwanza wa rap wa video kurushwa katika runinga hiyo. Kwa hakika ilimaliza nyimbo za rap ya Kiingereza kwa sababu tangu hapo wengi walitamani nao kuimba kwa Kiswahili. Baada ya kibao hiki, nilipata simu kutoka kwa Mr II lakabu Sugu akisema, ahsante kwa kufunifungua macho. Huko nyuma kulikuwa na mgomvi mengi yasomana lakini tuliyamaliza vyema kabisa. Sipendi kuyaelezea sana kwa sababu pale uvutio unapokutana na sanaa, ubunifu huwa kileleni. Salaam kwa wale wote walioshika maiki miaka ya nyuma hata kama ilikuwa japo kwa dakika tatu.|[[Sindila Assey]] mnamo 8 Mei, 2017}} * Fresh X E - jina halisi ni Edward Mtui na ndiye hasa mwanzilishi wa kurap kwa Kiswahili katika miaka ya 1980 na alikuwa akiimba wimbo wake kwa kiitikio cha "Piga Makofi" ambao aliubadilisha wa [[Run-D.M.C.]] Clap Your Hands, lakini hajaurekodi. Kwa kuenzi uwepo wa Fresh na mchango wake katika tasnia, [[Professor Jay]] akatengeneza wimbo wa [[Piga Makofi]] kwa kutumia kiitikio kilekile cha Fresh kisha kutaja hazina kubwa ya wasaniii walioanzisha hip hop ya Tanzania. * Young Millionaire * Conway Francis * [[Mawingu Band]] lakabu the Clouds - ilikuwa bendi iliyotamba na wimbo wa "Oya Msela" wimbo ambao unatoka katika albamu yao ya mwaka wa 1994, Msela. * [[Cool James]] lakabu Mtoto wa Dandu * Adili Kumbuka lakabu Nigga One - alikuwa mmoja kati ya wasanii mahairi sana katika rap ya Tanzania. Vilevile alishiriki vilivyo katika kuanzishwa kwa Kwanza Unit mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 bahati mbaya hakuona matunda yake kwani alikuja kufa katika ajali ya gari mnamo mwaka wa 1993. Kulingana na duru, Nigga One inasemakana alikuwa hatari sana kwa kufoka. Wasanii wengi walimhofia kupambana nae katika mashindano ya rap. Sindila anamwelezea Nigga One {{Quote|To be honest, a lot of icons where with Kwanza Unit, One, Ramzy, KBC, Easy B just to name a few. One aka Adili was the most stubborn influence behind every stage. He never shy away from an empty instrumental. He will annoy any DJ to get the piece of his lyrics out anytime anywhere. A very humble dude he was. He would always share a stage with his crew (KU) and anyone who's willing to try him. That's the interview you would have loved to have. I instantly became a friend when KBC introduced me to all (KU)one afternoon day at Twiga when DJ Bonny Luv asked of me. I was nervous, KBC was telling them I can do Treach all day... my gf was there too. In front of KU I did prove myself. Adili was jumping up n down. We then set for a New Chox cinema show. 'One' was unique on the microphone. He flowed like The late Guru and would get on any track.|Sindilla Assey}} * [[Kwanza Unit]] - miongoni mwa makundi ya kwanza kabisa katika hip hop ya Tanzania. Kiufupi, KU ndiyo kundi la kwanza kuundwa katika tasinia nzima ya muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kuundwa kwa kundi ni juhudi kubwa na za dhati kutoka kwa [[Zavara Mponjika]] na hayati Nigga One. Kabla ya muungano, kulikuwa na mabifu kibao yasomana na ilibidi waungane li kuondoa mabifu na kukuza muziki kwenda kiwango kingine. Kuungana kwao, kulifanikisha mambo mengi kama wasanii waasisi wa rap ya Tanzania. * [[Hard Blasters]] - kundi ambalo hutazamiwa kuleta mabadiliko katika muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania * Da Young Mob - kundi ambalo [[II Proud]] alipanda nalo katika kinyang'anyiro cha Yo Rap Bonanza, 1993 * [[Deplowmatz]] - Wakati wanaanza harakati ilibidi kwanza wamuone Sindilla kwa ushauri zaidi. Muda mfupi baadaye wakarekodi nyimbo zao mbili za kwanza "Turuke kwa Furaha" na "Word is Born". * Wagumu Weusi Asilia lakabu W.W.A * Black Houndz * Bantu Pound * Niggaz with Power (NWP) * Full Soldiers  * Rough Niggaz  * Kibo Flava * The Mac Mooger * Mabaga Fresh * KNT Squad  * Ras Pompidue * [[Saleh Jabir]] - msanii wa kwanza wa hip hop ya Tanzania kurekodi na kusambaza kazi zake. Japo mwenyewe hakuonesha kutaka kusambaza kazi zile bali alikuta tayari mzigo uko sokoni na baadaye kukamia ili apate chochote kitu. Inaaminika ndiye hasa aliyeanzisha kurap kwa Kiswahili, hasa kwa kufuatia shindano la Yo Rap Bonanza la mwaka 1992 na kuibuka mshindi. Saleh Jabri hutazamika kama ndiye chachu aliyesabisha wasanii wengine wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania kuuanza kuimba kwa Kiswahili. Kabla ya Saleh J kushiriki kwenye tamasha la Yo Rap Bonanza, lugha kuu ilikuwa Kiingereza, lakini Saleh alitumia Kiswahili katika tungo zake. Hasa alifanya kunakili nyimbo za Kimarekani, kama vile Ice Ice Baby ya Vanilla Ice na kuimba kwa Kiswahili. * Sos B * Niggaz 2 Public * [[Xplastaz]]  * [[Underground Souls]] * [[Ugly Faces]] - Hawa walikuwa wasela waliotambushwa wa Sindila Assey wa Mawingu Band na walifanya balaa zito kaktika mazoezi yao. Ndani yake anakuna Mac D, DJ Rich Maka na Eazy Daz. Kwa pamoja wakafanya ngoma moja na Bonny Luv iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[Wapambe Nuksi]]" mnamo mwaka 1997. * [[Big Dogg Pose]] * [[GWM]] * [[L.W.P]] * Afro Reign  * Pyscho Tak  * [[2Proud]]  * No name - kundi ambalo [[P Funk]] alikuwa mwanachama wao na Mchizi Karabani. * King Crazy GK * [[Gangwe Mobb]] * Hashim Dogo * Bugsy Malone * Kool X * Cool Moe Cee  * Big Money * 4 Krewz Flava - miaka ya 1990 walihesabiwa kama akina Boyz II Men ya Tanzania. Lilikuwa kundi la mwanzo kabisa nchini Tanzania kuimba muziki wa R&B. * Unique Sisters * E Attack <nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Juma Nature]]  * Hardcore Unit * Imeditation Kingdom * Fun with Sense  * Solo thang  * Mack Malik aka Mac 2 B Wasanii hao walishiriki vilivyo katika kuunda muziki wa hip hop nchini Tanzania ==Marejeo== {{reflist|2}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/projects/2005/11/aidsmusic/recordings_aidsmusic2.shtml Extra Listening for Tanzanian Hip Hop and AIDS awareness.] * '''Three African musical responses to AIDS''', [http://www.uuworld.org/life/articles/4481.shtml Recordings from Africa show the range of musical responses to the pandemic.] {{Hiphop}} [[Jamii:Makundi ya Hip Hop ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Tanzania]] drlqcapu3dfkwd8olf2a0whlyoo5q3i 0 61641 1548390 1459449 2026-05-22T13:41:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1548390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0039, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Iringa Wahehe.jpg|thumb|300px|Wahehe mnamo 1906]] {{History of Tanzania}} '''Mkwawa''' au kwa [[jina]] refu '''Mkwavinyika Munyigumba Mwamuyinga''' ([[1855]] – [[19 Julai]] [[1898]]) alikuwa [[mtemi]] na [[kiongozi]] mkuu wa [[kabila]] la [[Wahehe]] katika [[Tanzania]] ya leo wakati wa upanuzi wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Ujerumani]] mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]]. Mkwawa ni maarufu hasa kwa kuongoza [[vita]] vya Wahehe dhidi ya [[Wajerumani]]. ==Upanuzi wa Wahehe== [[File:Iringa.JPG|thumb|300px|Mazingira ya Iringa leo]] Jina la Mkwawa ni [[kifupisho]] cha ''Mukwava'' ambalo tena ni kifupisho cha ''Mukwavinyika'', lililokuwa jina lake la [[heshima]] likimaanisha "kiongozi aliyetwaa nchi nyingi". Mkwawa alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1855 mahali palipoitwa [[Luhota]] karibu na [[Iringa]] mjini. Alikuwa [[mtoto]] wa chifu [[Munyigumba]] aliyeaga [[dunia]] mwaka [[1879]]. Baba yake Munyingumba aliwahi kuunganisha temi ndogo za Wahehe na makabila ya majirani kuwa [[dola]] moja. Aliiga mfumo wa kijeshi wa [[Wasangu]] waliowahi kuwa kabila lenye nguvu kwa kujifunza mfumo huu kutoka kwa [[Wangoni]] na [[impi]] za [[Shaka Zulu]]. Hadi [[miaka ya 1870]] eneo la Wahehe lilipanuliwa mbali kuanzia kusini hadi katikati ya Tanzania ya leo. Baada ya kifo cha chifu mzee watoto wake walishindania urithi wake, na Mkwawa alishinda akawa kiongozi mpya. Aliendelea kupanua utawala wake. Hadi mwisho wa [[miaka ya 1880]] alitawala sehemu muhimu za njia ya misafara kati ya [[pwani]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Misafara hiyo ambayo ilikuwa ikibeba [[bidhaa]] za nje kama vitambaa, visu na silaha kutoka pwani, ikirudi na watumwa na [[pembe za ndovu]], ilipaswa kumlipia [[hongo]] ikanunua pia wafungwa wa vita vyake. Hapo athiri na uwezo wake wa kugharamia [[jeshi]] kubwa ikaongezeka. ==Mkwawa na upanuzi wa Wajerumani== Tangu mwaka [[1885]] hivi Wajerumani walianza kuunda [[koloni]] lao katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ([[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] za leo). Kwa njia za mikataba na [[Uingereza]], [[Dola la Kongo]] (wakati ule mfalme wa Ubelgiji) na [[Ureno]] walio kuwa wakoloni wa maeneo jirani walihakikisha kwamba hao hawataingilia katika sehemu walizolenga. Mwaka [[1888]]/[[1889]] utawala wao ulitikiswa na [[vita ya Abushiri]] lakini baada ya kushinda [[upinzani]] wa [[Waafrika]] wa pwani Wajerumani walilenga kuimarisha utawala wao juu ya sehemu za bara. Mkwawa aliwahi kusikia mapema habari za Wajerumani akajaribu kuwasiliana nao lakini bila kuelewana. Hapo aliamua kujenga [[boma]] imara lenye kuta za mawe kwenye makao makuu yake huko [[Kalenga]] karibu na Iringa ya leo<ref>Kalenga iliitwa pia "Iringa"; baada ya kuchomwa na Wajerumani 1894, Kapteni von Prince alianzisha kituo kipya kilomita 15 upande wa mashariki akaiita "Iringa Mpya": ndio mji wa leo</ref>. Katika mwezi Februari [[1891]] alituma wajumbe kwa kambi la Wajerumani huko [[Mpwapwa]] wakapokewa na [[gavana]] Mjerumani. Wakati huohuo Mkwawa aliendelea kutuma [[askari]] zake hadi [[Usagara]] iliyotazamwa na Wajerumani kama eneo lao. <ref>John Iliffe, A modern history of Tanganyika, 1979, uk 108</ref> Katika kipindi hicho gavana mpya Julius von Soden alifika [[Dar es Salaam]]. Hakuwa na mamlaka juu ya mkuu mpya wa jeshi [[Emil von Zelewski]] aliyepokea amri zake kutoka [[Berlin]] moja kwa moja. Baada ya kusikia habari za mashambulio ya Mkwawa katika Usagara aliomba kibali cha "kuwaadhibu Wahehe" akakubaliwa. ==Mapigano ya Lugalo== [[Picha:Emil.von.Zelewski.jpg|thumb||Emil von Zelewski, kiongozi Mjerumani wa Lugalo]] Katika mwezi Julai 1891 von Zelewski aliongoza [[kikosi]] cha maafisa Wajerumani 13 na askari Waafrika hasa kutoka [[Sudan]] 320, pamoja na wapagazi 113. Walikuwa na [[bunduki]] za kisasa, [[bunduki za mtombo]] na [[mizinga]] midogo. Zelewski aliwadharau Wahehe kama washenzi ambao walikuwa na mikuki na pinde tu. Kwa hiyo hakuona haja ya kutuma wapelelezi wa awali. Njiani aliangamiza vijiji alivyokuta na katika mwezi Agosti alipoona Wahehe 3 waliomkaribia aliagiza kuwaua bila kuongea nao. Kumbe walikuwa ma[[balozi]] wa Mkwawa aliyetaka kujadiliana na Wajerumani. Tarehe [[17 Agosti]] 1891 Zelewski na jeshi lake walipita kwenye manyasi marefu karibu na [[Lugalo]]. Mkwawa alikuwa alimsubiri na Wahehe 3,000 walionyamaza hadi Wajerumani waliotembea kwa umbo la [[safu]] ndefu walipokuwa karibu kabisa wakawashambulia. Wajerumani walikosa muda wa kuandaa silaha zao wakashtushwa kabisa. Sehemu kubwa ya askari waliuawa katika muda wa [[dakika]] chache pamoja na [[jemadari]] von Zelewski. Sehemu ya [[kombania]] ya nyuma ilirudi nyuma na kusimama kwenye [[kilima]] kidogo walipoweza kutumia bunduki la mtombo wakajitetea na kuua Wahehe wengi. Sehemu hii ilijumlisha maafisa 2 na maafande 2 Wajerumani waliweza kukimbia na kujiokoa pamoja na askari 62 na wapagazi 74. Kutokana ushindi huu Wahehe walipata bunduki 300 za kisasa walizokusanya kati ya maiti za askari wa Schutztruppe, pia mizinga 2 na bombomu 1. Lakini Mkwawa alitupa ramia zote za mizinga mtoni baada ya Mhehe mmoja alikufa alipojaribu kufungua ramia kubwa na kusababisha mlipuko. Silaha zote pamoja na ramia ndogo zilizotekwa zilipelekwa kwenye Iringa-Kalenga na kuhifadhiwa ghalani. ==Kipindi cha vita vidogo== Baada ya mapigano Mkwawa alihesabu wafu wake waliokuwa wengi. Alikataza mila za [[kilio]] kwa sababu alitaka kuficha idadi ya askari waliokufa. Akielewa sasa kwamba silaha za Wazungu zilikuwa hatari alituma tena mabalozi kwa gavana von Soden walioeleza ya kwamba Wahehe walikuwa walijihami tu dhidi ya [[shambulio]] na walitaka [[amani]]. Lakini madai ya Wajerumani yalikuwa magumu, eti kuwaruhusu wafanyabiashara kupita bila matata na kutoshambulia majirani tena. Mkwawa hakuwa tayari kuahidi yote akachelewesha mikutano. Wakati huo kamanda mpya Mjerumani [[Tom von Prince]] alijenga boma jipya la Wajerumani katika [[Uhehe]] na Mkwawa alijibu kwa kusambulia vikosi vidogo vya jeshi la kikoloni. Gavana Soden alidai kutoendelea na mapigano. <ref>Iliffe uk. 109-110</ref>, lakini mwaka [[1893]] aliondoka Afrika, na gavana mpya von Schele alitaka kulipiza [[kisasi]] akaamuru mashambulio dhidi ya Mkwawa. ==Anguko la Kalenga== Mwezi [[Oktoba]] [[1894]] von Schele aliongoza kikosi cha maafisa Wajerumani 33 na askari Waafrika pamoja na wapagaji zaidi ya 1000 kuelekea Kalenga. Walikuwa na mizinga 4 na [[bunduki bombomu]]. Walipofika mbele ya Kalenga Wahehe walijisikia salama kutokana na kuta imara lakini Wajerumani walijipanga [[kilomita]] kadhaa nje ya mji wakaanza kufyatulia mizinga yao na kuua watu kadhaa ndani ya mji. Lakini kwa jumla ukuta ulikuwa imara na mizinga midogo mno ili iweze kuvunja kuta. Wakati wa [[giza]] kwenye [[asubuhi]] wa tarehre [[30 Oktoba]] 1894 askari wa jeshi la [[Schutztruppe]] walipanda [[ukuta]] katika sehemu uliyodhoofishwa tayari na kuingia mjini. Hadi jioni walikuwa wameteka mji wote. [[Gobori]] na mikuki ya Wahehe hazikuweza kushindana na [[bombomu]] za Wajerumani. Kwa sababu zisizojulikana Mkwawa hakugawa bunduki za kisasa zote alizokuwa nazo katika ghala yake kutoka ushindi wake juu ya Zelewski; alitoa 100 tu, 200 zilibaki ghalani. Mkwawa mwenyewe aliamua kukimbia pamoja na askari 2000 - 3000, lakini kabla ya kukimbia alimwua [[mganga]] [[mzee]] aliyewahi kutabiri ya kwamba atawashinda Wajerumani waliokuja. Gavana von Schele aliandika taarifa kwa [[serikali]] ya [[Ujerumani]] "tulizika maadui 250, wengine walichomwa katika nyumba zao, [[wanawake]] na [[watoto]] 1500 kutekwa [[nyara]]" <ref>David Pizzo, "To devour the land of Mkwawa": Colonial violence and the German-Hehe War in East Africa, 2007, uk 173 </ref>. Mkwawa alijificha [[msitu]]ni pamoja na askari zake akasubiri. Gavana von Schele alishindwa kuendelea na mashambulio kwa sababu [[gharam]]a za vita zilishinda makisio yake na wa[[bunge]] wa upinzani katika [[Reichstag]] huko [[Berlin]] walipinga vita vya kikoloni; walikataa kuongeza makisio na kiongozi wa [[ujamaa|wasoshalisti]] [[Agosti Bebel]] aliita mtindo wa kuchoma mji na kuteka nyara watoto na wanawake "[[ushenzi]] mkuu". ==Amani fupi== Baada ya kuondoka kwa Wajerumani, Mkwawa aliweza kurudi na kujenga tena [[nyumba]] mahali pa Kalenga. Mnamo Septemba [[1895]] Mkwawa alikuwa tayari kujadiliana na Wajerumani na tarehe [[12 Oktoba]] walipatana [[amani]]. Wajerumani walimkubali Mkwawa kama chifu wa Wahehe, Wahehe waliahidi kukabidhi [[gobori]] zote, kupandisha [[bendera]] ya Ujerumani na kuwaruhusu wafanyabiashara na wasafiri kupitia Uhehe. Mkwawa alimwagiza [[mjomba]]wake kutia [[sahihi]] akakataa mwenyewe akisema hii ingemwua. Hata hivyo miezi kadhaa baadaye alitafuta msaada wa Wajerumani kwa shambulio dhidi ya [[Wabena]]. [[Afisa]] mmoja Mjerumani aliyefika Kalenga mpya alizuiliwa kuingia na kumwona chifu akaambiwa alipe hongo ya bunduki 5 ili kuingia katika eneo la Mkwawa. Hapo maafisa wa jeshi la Wajerumani waliolinda [[mpaka]], ambao bado walikuwa wakitafuta nafasi ya kulipiza kisasi cha Lugalo, walidai kuwa chifu amevunja mkataba. Kapteni Tom von Prince alijenga boma jipya karibu na Kalenga ("Iringa Mpya") alianza kuwasiliana na machifu wadogo wa Wahehe. Mkwawa alijaribu kujenga mapatano na majirani lakini Wabena na makabila mengine walikumbuka vita na mashambulio ya awali kutoka Uhehe walipendelea kushikamana na Wajerumani. Mkwawa aliwaua machifu wawili Wahehe waliowahi kukaa na von Prince, lakini aliona hawakuwa peke yao kusita kumtii tena. Alipata habari ya kwamba hata mdogo wake Mpangile alishikamana na Wajerumani. Wakati wa Septemba [[1896]] Wahehe waligawanyika na sehemu kubwa ya viongozi waliochoka vita ilikuwa tayari kuwakubali Wajerumani.<ref>John Iliffe, A modern history of Tanganyika, 1979, uk 113 / 114</ref>. Wajerumani waligawa eneo lao. Wasangu walirudishwa katika eneo lao la awali wakarudi kutoka [[Usafwa]] katika mji mkuu wa [[Utengule Usangu]]. Mpangile alisimikwa kama kiongozi mpya wa Uhehe penyewe, lakini baaa ya siku 50 alisimamishwa na kuuwa na Wajerumani waliomshtaki, eti anamsaidia kaka yake kisiri. ==Katika maficho na kifo== Mkwawa alikuwa ameondoka sehemu za Iringa mwezi Agosti 1896 alipoona mgawanyiko. Alifuata mwendo wa [[mto Ruaha]] akilindwa na wenyeji waliokuwa tayari kumficha na kumlinda dhidi ya vikosi vya Wajerumani waliomtafuta. Mnamo Desemba 1896 alihamia [[milima ya Uzungwa]] alipojificha. Kutoka huko alitelemka mara kwa mara kwenye mabonde alipopata vyakula na kushambulia vikosi vidogo vya askari vya Kijerumani. Katika Julai [[1897]] kikosi kikubwa cha Wasangu pamoja na Wahehe chini ya uongozi wa Wajerumani walikuta [[kambi]] la Mkwawa mlimani wakalishambulia lakini Mkwawa aliweza kukimbia. Wajerumani waliahidi zawadi ya pembe za ndovu yenye thamani ya [[rupia]] 5000 kwa kila mtu atakayewasaidia kumkamata Mkwawa, akiwa hai au amekufa.<ref>Prince, Magdalene v.(1908), uk. 166 </ref> Mwaka [[1898]] Mkwawa aliendelea kujificha kwenye misitu akiongozana na watu wachache sana. Aliishi hasa kwa njia ya kuvinda. Wakati wa Julai 1898 aliongozana na [[wavulana]] 4 pekee, halafu [[Wazungwa]] 2, [[mume]] na [[mke]]. Tarehe [[16 Julai]] Wajerumani waliowahi kusikia habari zake walimkuta huyu mama Mzungwa alipotafuta [[chakula]] wakamkamata hata akawaambia Mkwawa alielekea kusini. Wakamfuata na tarehe [[18 Julai]] Mkwawa alimwua mume Mzungwa kwa hofu ya kusalitiwa. Aliendelea na wavulana 2 tu walioitwa Musigombo na Lifumika. Watoto waliogopa angeweza kuwaua pia. Hapo Lifumika aliamua kukimbia asubuhi ya tarehe [[19 Julai]]. Lakini siku ileile alipotelemka kutoka mlimani alikutana na kikosi cha Wajerumani kilichoongozwa na sajinitaji Johann Merkl. Akakimbia lakini wakamshika wakamlazimisha kuwaambia habari za Mkwawa. Kijana alimwambia Merkl kuwa chifu alikaa [[mgonjwa]] mahali kwa umbali wa masaa 3. Walimlazimisha kuwaongoza. Njiani walisikia kwa mbali sauti ya bunduki, risasi 1. Wakaendelea na baada ya masaa mawili walikuta [[maiti]] za Mkwawa na yule [[kijana]] mwingine. Inaonekana waliwahi kujiua na sauti ya bunduki ilikuwa Mkwawa aliyejipigia risasi.<ref>John Iliffe, A modern history of Tanganyika, 1979, uk 115 /116</ref>. Merkl aliagiza kukatwa kwa kichwa cha Mkwawa ili awe na uthibitisho amekufa kweli. <ref>Baadaye alipata theluthi mbili za zawadi iliyoahidiwa na serikali ya kikoloni akanunua shamba Kilimanjaro akafaulu kulima na kutajirika. Kabla ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza Merkl alirudi Ujerumani, akanunua shamba kubwa pale akaingia katika siasa. Hadi 1933 alishika kiti katika [[Bavaria|Bunge la Bavaria]]. Baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili alishiriki kuunda chama cha Christian Social CSU kabla hajaaga Dunia.</ref> Zawadi ya rupia 5,000 iligawiwa kwa kikosi cha Merkl, ilhali yeye mwenyewe alipata theluthi mbili yaani zaidi ya rupia 3,000. ==Fuvu la Mkwawa== [[Image:Skull_of_Mkwawa.jpg|right|thumbnail|280px|Fuvu la Mkwawa katika [[Makumbusho ya Kalenga]] karibu na Iringa, Tanzania.]] [[Kichwa]] cha mtemi kilikabidhiwa kwa Kapteni von Prince pale Iringa Mpya na kuonyeshwa mtaani kwa Wahehe waliokuwepo. Kikasafishwa katika hospitali na kutumwa Berlin kilipohifadhiwa katika [[makumbusho]], awali Berlin na baadaye [[Bremen]]. <ref>Siku zile Ujerumani kulikuwa na mkusanyo wa mafuvu mengi kutoka pande zote za Dunia kwa imani kuwa umbo la mifupa linasaidia kuelewa tabia za watu na mataifa.</ref> [[Waingereza]] waliochukua utawala wa koloni mwaka [[1918]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] walitaka kuonekana kama mabwana wema. Mkuu wa serikali ya kikoloni ya [[Tanganyika]] alipendekeza kurudisha fuvu kwa sababu Wahehe walishirikiana na Waingereza wakati wa vita. Hivyo kuna kipengele 246 katika [[mkataba wa Versailles]] kinachosema: "Katika muda wa miezi 6 baada ya kuthibitishwa kwa mkataba huu ... Ujerumani utakabidhi fuvu la [[Sultani]] Mkwawa iliyohamishwa kutoka Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani na kupelekwa Ujerumani kwa serikali ya [[Mfalme]] wa [[Uingereza]]." Wajerumani walikataa habari za fuvu hili na Waingereza waliamua ya kwamba ilishindikana kulipata. Lakini baada ya [[Vita vikuu vya pili]] ambako Ujerumani penyewe ilivamiwa na wanajeshi wa Uingereza gavana Twining wa Tanganyika alikumbuka habari za fuvu akatembelea Ujerumani na kutazama mafuvu ya makumbusho ya Bremen. Katika mkusanyiko wa mafuvu 2000, 84 yalikuwa na namba zilizoonyesha yalitokea Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani. Hapo aliyapanga kufuatana na ukubwa na kutazama yale yaliyokuwa na vipimo vya karibu na ndugu wa Mkwawa aliowahi kuwapima kabla ya [[safari]] yake. Hapo aliteua fuvu lenye shimo kwa sababu taarifa ya kale ilisema Mkwawa alijiua kwa kujipiga risasi kichwani. Fuvu hilo lilipelekwa Tanganyika tarehe [[9 Julai]] [[1954]] na kuhifadhiwa katika jengo la makumbusho ya Mkwawa kwenye [[kijiji]] cha [[Kalenga]]. ==Athari yake upande wa dini== Mkwawa alifuata [[dini za jadi]], na alikataa ombi la [[Walutheri]] la kuanzisha [[misheni]] Uhehe, lakini baadaye alikubali [[wamisionari]] [[Wabenedikto]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] wahamie [[Tosamaganga]] na kuanza kazi yao kati ya Wahehe. Hata wakati wa vita vyake dhidi ya Wajerumani, Mkwawa aliwaheshimu wageni wake hawa, nao hawakumsaliti. Matokeo yake Wahehe wengi waliingia taratibu [[Ukristo]] kupitia [[madhehebu]] ya Kikatoliki hadi leo. ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * Mugybuso Mulokozi, Mukwava wa Uhehe, APE, Dar es Salaam 2023, ISBN 978-9987-871-77-3 * Pugu Hadi Peramiho - kimehaririwa na P. Gerold Rupper, OSB, BPNP, Peramiho 1988, ISBN 9967 67 031 1 * Alison Redmayne: Mkwawa and the Hehe Wars; The Journal of African History Vol. 9, No. 3 (1968), pp. 409-436, Cambridge University Press [https://www.jstor.org/stable/180274?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa] {{en}} * Magdalene von Prince, Eine deutsche Frau im Innern Deutsch-Ostafrikas, Berlin 1908 ([http://brema.suub.uni-bremen.de/dsdk/content/titleinfo/2051601?query=magdalene%20von%20Prince online hapa]) {{de}} * Martin Baer and Olaf Schroeter: ''Eine Kopfjagd. Deutsche in Ostafrika''. Christoph Links, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-86153-248-4 {{de}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.mkwawa.com/ A site by Mkwawa's great-grandson] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mkwawa.com/ |date=20110927095010 }} * [http://www.savageandsoldier.com/articles/africa/GermanWars.html "The colonial wars of imperial Germany"] {{Persondata | name=Chief Mkwawa | alternative names=Mkwavinyika Munyigumba Mwamuyinga;Mkwawa, Chief | short description=[[Hehe]] tribal leader in German East Africa | date of birth=1855 | place of birth=Tanzania | date of death=19 Julai 1898 | place of death=[[German East Africa]] }} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1855]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1898]] [[Category:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Category:Watu wa historia ya Tanzania]] [[Category:Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Iringa]] mhzdu0iaf7h4up191eow30wf8h7zwfs 0 71118 1548393 1045535 2026-05-22T13:48:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Kufaulu kwa mwandishi */ 1548393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo''' ni [[riwaya]] iliyoandikwa na [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]] mwaka wa [[1975]]. Ni riwaya ambayo inasawili [[maisha]] ya [[wanadamu]] hususani waishio [[Afrika Mashariki]], hasa hasa katika nchi ya [[Tanzania]]. “Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo” inaelezea jinsi maisha yaliyopo [[duniani]] ni sawasawa na fujo, kwani kila mtu anayekuja duniani huleta fujo zake na baadaye kutoweka. [[Mwandishi]] anaelezea kwamba kila mtu anafanya fujo zake na kusababisha matatizo mbalimbali katika [[jamii]] yake kama vile [[uuaji|mauaji]], [[ukabila]], [[umalaya]], [[uchawi]], [[ubakaji]], [[ulevi]] wa kupindukia n.k. Hivyo basi mwandishi anaamini kwamba katika [[dunia]] kila mtu anakuja na fujo zake na kutoweka. Kwa mfano, [[mhusika]] Tumaini katika riwaya hii ameleta fujo zake kama vile umalaya, mauaji na mengine mengi na baadaye kutoweka. ==Mbinu za kifani katika riwaya hii== Fani za kijadi ndizo zilizosababisha riwaya izalike. "Dunia ni Uwanja wa Fujo” ni mojawapo ya riwaya zilizotokana na fani ya kijadi ambayo ni [[sira]]. Sira ni fani ya kijadi ambayo hujumuisha wasifu na tawasifu, yaani habari za [[maisha]] ya watu; kwa mfano mwandishi E. Kezilahabi katika riwaya yake hii amejaribu kumuonyesha mhusika Tumaini maisha aliyokuwa akiishi. Mfano uk. 11, “[[Ubatizo|Alibatizwa]], alikuwa mtoto wa mwalimu Kapinga……”. Vile vile Tumaini alikuwa mlevi, malaya, mfano uk. 73 “mwenyewe kaingiaaaa, tajiri wetuuu”. Hivyo basi riwaya hii inasadifu kuwa ni mojawapo ya riwaya za fani za kijadi ambayo hujumuisha wasifu wa mhusika Tumaini toka mwanzo hadi mwisho wa maisha yake. ==Muundo== Muundo ni namna visa na matukio hufuatana kwa mtiririko. Hivyo tunaweza kusema pia muundo ni mfuatano wa masimulizi katika kazi ya fasihi. Katika riwaya hii mwandishi ametumia muundo wa rejea pamoja na changamano. Katika muundo wa rejea mwandishi anaanza kwa kuonyesha maisha ya Dennis pale alipowapokea wageni akina Tumaini na pia kurejelea kwa kuonyesha maisha ya Dennis pale tangu utoto wake (uk.66). Pia mwandishi ametumia muundo changamano au rukia ambapo visa vinakuwa vinarukiana: hii inajidhihirisha sehemu ya kwanza ambapo anatuonyesha nyumbani kwa Kasala ambaye anaishi kijijini Bugolola; kisa hakijaisha tunaona pia kisa cha Tumaini (uk.11) ambapo mwandishi anaonyesha alivyozaliwa na kubatizwa. Mwandishi pia ameigawa kazi yake katika sehemu kuu tatu na kila sehemu ameipa namba ili kusadifu yaliyomo katika kazi yake ya riwaya. Katika sehemu ya kwanza E. Kezilahabi amewachora wahusika kwa kuonyesha adha na matatizo mbalimbali yanayoikabili jamii ya Bugolola, kwa mfano ushirikina, umalaya na ulevi: mambo hayo yote ameyaonyesha katika namba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Pia katika sehemu ya pili tunamuona Tumaini akiwashawishi akina John na Anastasia kwenda nao mjini [[Dar es Salaam]], lakini inakomea Shinyanga baada ya kukutana na [[dada]] ya Dennis, kitu kilichompelekea Tumaini na wenziwe kuanza maisha mapya mjini Shinyanga. Lakini katika maisha hayo Tumaini na John wanakuwa wenye kupenda [[pombe]] na ansa, kitu kilichopelekea kufilisika kwa Tumaini. Sehemu ya tatu inaonyesha baada ya Tumaini kuamua kufanya [[kazi]] alivyopata mafanikio makubwa, lakini mafanikio hayo yanaingia doa baada ya [[serikali]] kuingiza mfumo wa [[ujamaa]], kitu kilichopelekea [[mali]] zote za Tumaini. Mwisho kabisa tunamuona akichukua jukumu la kumuua [[mkuu wa wilaya]] ya Shinyanga ambaye ndiye alikuwa msimamizi mkuu wa shughuli za ujamaa; kitendo hicho kinapelekea [[hukumu ya kifo]] kwa Tumaini (namba 12, 13, 14). ==Msuko== Mbunda Msokile (1992:206) anasema kuwa msuko ni mtiririko au mfuatano wa matukio yanayosimuliwa toka mwanzo mpaka mwisho. Hali hii huandamana na uchaguzi au mpangilio na ufundi wa kusimulia matukio yaliyoungwa vyema katika kazi ya sanaa ya kubuni itumiayo lugha. Lakini ufafanuzi huo si tofauti na ule unaofafanua muundo, kwani nao ni mtiririko wa matukio jinsi yanavyopangwa kiufundi kutoka mwanzo wa simulizi hadi mwisho. Pesa za urithi alizoachiwa Tuamini pamoja na malezi mabaya kutoka kwa wazazi wake ndizo zinazokuwa usababishi wa utovu wa nidhamu wa Tumaini katika kijiji chao cha Bugolola, mambo hayo ya utovu wa nidhamu ni kama vile: kuwa mlevi, malaya, kutofanya kazi, pia kutumia ovyo mali alizoachiwa. Mfano katika uk.15 “tunamuona mama yake Tumaini akimkabithi Tumaini funguo ya kufungua sanduku la marehemu baba yake ambalo lilikuwa limebeba urithi wake. Tumaini baada ya kupewa pesa za urithi hapa ndio tunaona mshitikizo kwani pesa za urithi zilimsababisha kuamua kuacha shule na kuanza kuzitumia pesa hizo ovyo kama vile ukahaba, umalaya, ulevi na mengineyo (uk. 16, 17). Pia katika riwaya hii msuko unaendelea kuonekana pale ambapo Tumaini, John na Anastazia walipofika Mwanza na kufanya maamuzi ya kuelekea Dar es Salaam baada ya kuona eneo la Mwanza halitawafaa kwa kuanza maisha mapya kwani palikuwa karibu mno na kijini kwao; sababu nyingine ilikuwa akina Tumaini hawakuondoka kijijini kwa wema. Safari yao ya kuelekea Dar es Saalam inafikia kikomo pale ambapo walipofika Shinyanga na kukutana na Dennis ambaye aliwasihi wasitishe safari yao ili aambatane nao wakapajue kwake na kumpasha habari juu ya mambo yaliyokuwa yakiendelea kijijini kwao Mugele (uk. 55-72). Hali ya kuahirisha safari ya kuelekea Shinyanga ilisababisha akina Tumaini kuanza maisha mapya mjini Shinyanga na kwa vile Tumaini alikuwa na pesa nyingi za urithi alianza maisha ya anasa; hali hiyo ilipelekea Tumaini kuishiwa kipato na kutafuta kazi ya ulinzi ambayo alisaidiwa na Dennis katika kuipata (uk.114). Lakini pindi alipoanza kazi hiyo alijikuta akichukiwa na watu mbalimbali kutokana na kazi yake ya kuchunguza watu siri zao na kuziripotisha serikalini. Kazi hiyo ilisababisha hata baadhi ya watu kumkimbia Tumaini mahali alipotia mguu wake. Mfano pindi alipofika baa wateja walikunywa haraka haraka na kukimbia hali hiyo ilisababisha wenye biashara zao kumchukia Tumaini na ikafikia hatua ya kumtafutia Tumaini wajambazi wa kumuadabisha Tumaini. Baada ya Tumaini kutafutiwa majambazi na kuwa amehadabishwa hali hiyo inatumika kama usababishi wa Tumaini kuichukia kazi yake na kuamua kutafuta kazi nyingine ya kujiajili yeye mwenyewe, kazi yenyewe ilikuwa ni kazi ya ukulima japo alianza kama mkulima mdogo lakini baadae akajikuta akipata maendeleo makubwa katika kazi yake mfano alinunua shamba kubwa na alitumia Trekta katika shuguli zake za kilimo. Lakini ng'ombe wa maskini hazai: serikali ikapitisha mfumo wa ujamaa ambapo ilidai hakuna umiliki binafsi na mali zote ni za ni za umma hali hiyo ilisababisha kumuingiza tumaini matatani kwa hakukubaliana na hali hiyo na kupelekea kufanya tukio la mauaji ambapo alimuua mkuu wa wilaya ambaye ndiye alikuwa ni kiongozi wa ujamaa (uk. 114). Kitendo hicho kilitumika kama usababishi kwa Tumaini kuwekwa chini ulinzi wa polisi na hatimaye kuhukumiwa kunyongwa (uk. 131). ==Mtindo== Mtindo ni jinsi msanii anavyotumia ufundi, umahiri na hisia zake katika kutenda au kueleza jambo fulani. Katika riyawa hii kuna mitindo mbalimbali ambayo mwandishi ameitumia; ni kama vile: * Monolojia: Masimulizi kwa kiasi kikubwa mwandishi ametumia lugha ya masimulizi katika kuelezea visa/matukio, sifa na tabia za wahusika katika kuikamilisha kazi yake. * Barua: Mwandishi pia ametumia mtindo wa barua, m kwa mfano katika uk. 68 mwandishi ametumia mtindo wa barua tunaona Vera akimwandikia Denis barua, pia uk. 105 mwandishi ametumia mtindo huu wa barua, Tunamuona Tumaini akimuandikia Joku barua vilevile katika uk 110 “tunamuona Denis akipokea barua kutoka kwa Vera”, uk. 123 “bibi Kimalio alimuandikia barua Denis”. * Hotuba: Mwandishi katika kazi yake hii ya riwaya ya “Dunia ni uwanja wa fujo” ametumia mtindo wa hotuba. Kwa mfano katika uk. 115 - 117 mtindo wa hotuba umetumika na hotuba ilikuwa ya kusisitiza [[Azimio la Arusha]] ambalo lililenga hatua ya siasa ya ujamaa na kujitegemea ambayo ilitaka watu wote wamiliki mali na uchumi kwa pamoja bila kujali mwenye nacho na asiye ncho. * Nyimbo: Ni mtindo mmoja wapo aliotumia mwandishi aliotumia mwandishi wa riwa hii. Kwa mfano uk. 10 mwandishi ametumia wimbo ulioimbwa na mpiga zeze. *“Wanaume Bugolola *Mchana hawajambo *Usiku hawana tendo” Mwandishi pia ametumia wimbo kwa mtindo wa shairi katika kazi yake hii kwa mfano katika uk. 13 tunona Tumaini akiandika shairi ambalo lilisomwa na mwalimu darasani kama ifuatavyo. *“Yeh, *Nitaoa msichana *Msichana mwenye shingo *Shingo shingo kama la mbuni..” Mwandishi ametumia wimbo wa maungunzo, mwandishi katika mtindo wa mazungumzo ametumia nafsi zote tatu yaani nafsi ya nafsi ya kwanza, nafsi ya pili, nafsi ya tatu katika kazi yake hii, kwa mfano. - Uk. 13 tuaona nafsi ya kwanza umoja “nitaoa msichana” na - uk. 27 tunaona nafsi ya kwanza wingi. “hata sisi,” pia - Pia nafsi ya pili katika riwaya hii imetumika kwa mfano uk. 36 “…wewe kasala Pia nafsi ya tatu katika riwaya hii tunaona katika uk. 35 “….yeye alisema kwa machozi ==Matumizi ya lugha== Lugha ni muhimu katika kazi ya fasihi. Pasipo lugha hakuna riwaya. Mwandishi wa riwaya hii ametumia lugha sanifu iliyosheheni taswira, mkoto, misemo, methali, tamathali za semi, nahau, lugha za kigeni, na mbinu zingine za kisanaa kama ifuatavyo: Lugha sanifu ni mojawapo ya lugha ambayo mwandishi ametumia toka mwanzo hadi mwisho. Lugha iliyotumika ni Kiswahili sanifu. Pia mwandishi ametumia lugha isiyo sanifu kwa kiasi kidogo. Kwa mfano katika uk. 5, Mwandishi anasema “…. Batoto bamenisosondogorasondogola na chichwa, bengine bamenikorokorakorokora na kucha”. Uk. 30 “…. Vizuri walilia kwa sauti za kutisha, yuhuu. Huba, huba, huba. Wotha ,wotha” Lugha ya kigeni imetumiwa na E. Kezilahabi katika riwaya yake hii. Lugha ya kigeni aliyotumia ni Kiingereza kwa mfano: - “Africans royal bar” (uk. 62). - “Snow cap” (uk. 62) - “You are too optimistic about life and you are too pessimistic” (uk. 65, 66). - “Welcome back” (uk. 88). - “Security (uk. 89 na 90). Mchanganyo ndimi: Ni matumizi ya lugha ambayo mwandishi ametumia katika riwaya hii. Mchanganyo ndimu ni ile hali mtu kuongea kwa kutumia lugha zaidi ya mbili. - Mfano: “mimi …naturalist” (uk. 41). Lugha za matusi: mbinu nyingine zilizotumiwa na mwandishi katika riwaya hii ni lugha za matusi kwa mfano: - “Washenzini ninyi”. (uk. 12). - “Kumbe bado washenzi” (uk. 50). - “Yule mshenzi amekwenda” (uk. 93) - “Nimemfukuza mbwa tumaini (uk. 109). - “Kwanza wewe bwege. (uk. 121). - “…. Alidakia na kusema unyokonyoko (uk. 122). Tamathali za semi: Ni maneno yanayotumiwa yanayotumiwa na wasanii ili kutia nguvu katika kazi hiyo. Hivyo tamathali za semi zinazotumika katika riwaya hii ni pamoja na: Tasbihiha/Mshabaha: Ni maneno ambayo hutumia kulinganisha kitu na kitu kingine kwa kutumia maneno kama vile “mithili, sawa, kama” mfano: - “Miaka ni kama kunguni” (uk. 6). - “Baba yako atakuwa mkali kama samba” (uk. 6). - “Mapenzi ni kama mpunga mototo wangu” (uk. 14). - “Lakini mimi ninaumwa ninaumwa kama panya.” (uk. 17). - “Si tutakufa kama mbwa” (uk. 19). - “Kukaa kama watakatifu” (uk. 19). - “Aliyekunyata nyumbani kwake kwa uoga kama panya aliyesikia mlio wa paka”. (uk. 130). Sitiari: Ni tamathali za semi ambazo ulinganisha vitu vizuri kwa kutumia viunganishi au linganishi. Mfano “ni”: - “Watoto wote yatima ni watoto wangu” (uk. 15). - “Huyo ni baba yako” (uk. 12). - “Ujamaa ni mzuri” (uk. 112). Takriri: Ni tamathali za semi ambayo neno hujirudiarudia kwa lengo la kusisitiza jambo fulani. Takriri ni matumizi ya lugha ambayo msanii ametumia katika riwaya hii, mfano wa takriri: - “Mauti, mauti”. (uk. 17). - “He! Hee! Hee!” (uk. 18) - “Kasala, kasala, ngoja nije!”(uk. 22) - “Yuhu! Yuhu!” (uk. 27) - “Haa! Haa! Haa! (uk. 42) - “Msiue, msiue!” (uk. 44) Tashihisi: Ni tamathali za semi ambazo vitu ambavyo si viumbe hai hupewa hadhi ya kutenda kama binadamu. Mfano: - “Mwezi uliona nyota ziliona hata jua liliona.” (uk. 12) - “Tumaini alisikia sauti kama ya ndege akiimba kwa huzuni.” (uk. 19) - “kila jiwe walilokalia liliwaambia “samahani umekalia bega langu”. (uk. 32) Tanakali sauti: Ni tamathali ya semi ambayo uigaji wa sauti za asili. Mfano Katika riwaya hii tanakari sauti alizotumia msanii ni kama ifuatavyo: “boooouuu! (uk. 130) Tafsida: Ni tamathali za semi ambazo kwazo matumizi zake ni za adabu. Mfano: “Kazi kutembeza kengele zako kwenye mabaa.” Uk. 121. - “Tumaini alikuwa akishika mahali pabaya”. Uk. 53. Methali: Usemi wa kisanii wa kimapokeo unaofikiriwa na jamii kuwa kweli na unaotumiwa kufumbia au kutolea mifano na huwa unabeba maana pana kuliko maneno yenyewe yanayotumiwa. Kwa mfano: - “Wema wa mtu hujulikana siku ya mazishi yake.” (Uk. 13) - “Ugonjwa haufichwi. Afichae ugonjwa ndio hufa.” (Uk. 29) - “Kweli wajinga ndio waalimu wa kuwafunza welevu. (uk. 78) - “Ukishikwa shikamana.” (Uk. 102) Misemo: Ni mafungu ya maneno yanayotumiwa na jamii ya watu wa lugha hiyo kwa namna maalumu ili kutoa mafunzo, maadili na kuihadharisha jamii. Misemo ni maneno ambayo jamii huyatumia kutokana na uzoefu katika maisha. Kwa mfano: - “Ponda mali kifo chaja.” (Uk. 10) - “Ulimwengu hauna mwema.” (Uk. 103) - “Mapenzi yao sasa yalikuwa yamekwisha pata kovu”. (Uk. 108) - “Nilitaka uniondoe kwenye mdomo wa samba.” (Uk. 24) Nahau: Haya ni mafungu ya maneno yenye maana maalumu ambayo haitokani na maneno ya kawaida yaliyopo kwenye maneno hayo. Nahau za lugha yoyote hutumiwa zaidi na jamii yenye asili ya lugha hiyo. Kwa mfano: - “Amezunguka mbuyu - amekula rushwa”. (uk. 25) - “Unamvika kilemba cha ukoko”. (Uk. 71) Tanakali sauti: - “Booouuu!” Mjalizo: Katika tamathali hii sentensi huwa ni mfuatano tu wa maneno yasiyo na viungo vyovyote. Mfano: - “Wenye mashoka ! wenye mikuki na miundu! Wenye pinde na wenye mapanga walianza kulifyeka lile chaka”. (Uk. 27) ==Wahusika== [[Wahusika]] ni watu au viumbe waliokusudiwa wawakilishe tabia za watu katika kazi za fasihi. Wahusika wa fasihi ni wa aina kuu tatu,wahusika kazi ya fasihi wanaweza kuwa wahusika wakuu, wahusika wadigo, na ewahusika wajenzi. Wahusika huonyesha dhana mbili muhimu katika maisha ya watu yaani wema na mabaya pia wahusika humaanisha tabia maalumu iliyokusudiwa na jamii. Katika riwaya ya “Dunia uwanja Fujo” wahusika wake ni mhusika mkuu, whusika wadogo, na wahusika wajenzi kama alivyoainisha Catherine Ndugo (1991) na Wangali Mwai (1991). Katika riwaya hii mwandishi ametumia wahusika wa aina tatu kwa kutumia kigezo cha Catherine na Wangeri Mwai(1991) Kama wahusika wakuu, wadogo, na wajenzi kama ifuatavyo: Mhusika mkuu: huyu ni yule anayejitokeza kila mara katika kazi za fasihi tangu mwanzo hadi mwisho. Maudhui ya kazi ya fasihi huwa yanamzungukia na hata kutolewa na mhusika mkuu zaidi ya wahusika wengine. Tumaini: Huyu ndiye mhusika mkuu katika riwaya hii kwani maudhui na dhamira zimejengwa juu yake. Pia tunaona wahusika wajenzi akina John, Anastazia, Dc, na mgeni kutoka Dar es saalam dhamira wanazozitenda zinamgusia mhusika mkuu ambaye ni Tumaini. Jina Tumaini ni jina ambalo amepewa na mzazi wake mzee Kapinga ambaye alikuwa mwalimu. Jina Tumaini linasadifu matumaini ya wazazi wake, pia alikuwa ni mototo pekee wa kiume katika familia ya mwalimu Kapinga pia walikuwa na matumaini pindi atakapomaliza shule ndio atakuwa msaada wao katika familia na pindi watakapokuwa wazeeka. Mambo hayo yanapatikana katika (uk.11). Inasema “… Naam Tumaini alikuwa mtoto wa watu hawa. Tumaini kama jina lenyewe lionyeshavyo alikukuwa peke yake katika tumbo la mama yake…..” Wasifu wake: - Alikuwa ni mtoto wa Kapinga. (uk. 9) - Alikuwa malaya (uk. 8, 24) - Alikuwa mlevi (uk. 94) - Mchapa kazi (uk. 114) - Mtumia pesa vibaya (uk. 55) - Alikuwa muuaji. (uk. 128) - Alikuwa na mapenzi ya dhati kwa mkewe (uk. 128) - Alikuwa na matusi (uk. 12) Wahusika wadogowadogo: Hawa ni wahusika ambao hawajitokezi mara kwa mara katika kazi ya fasihi ndio ambao husimamia dhamira ndogo ndogo. Katika riwaya hii ya “Dunia uwanja wa fujo” wahusika wadogo wadogo waliojitokeza ni kama ifuatavyo: 1. Kapinga. Wasifu wake: - Baba yake Tumaini. (uk. 9) - Alikuwa mwalimu. (uk. 9) - Alikuwa na malezi mabaya kwa mwanae. (uk. 12) - Alikuwa mume wa miango. (uk. 9) - Alikuwa mbinafsi. (uk. 15) - Alikuwa hapendi kushilikiana katika jamii. (uk. 12). 2. Kasala. Wasifu wake: - Ni mwanakijiji wa Bugolola. (uk. 1). - Mtoto wa Mugala. (uk. 2). - Baba yake Misana. (uk. 2). - Mume wake Mugele. (uk. 2). - Mtu mwema. (uk. 4). - Kwa kiasi fulani alikuwa mvivu. (uk. 6) 3. Mungere. Wasifu wake: - Mke wa Kasala (uk. 2). - Mama yake Misana (uk. 2). - Mwanakijiji wa Bugolola (uk. 2). - Mtu mwema na mchapa kazi. (uk. 4). 4. Misana. Wasifu wake: - Mtoto wa Kasala (uk. 2). - Alikuwa mtundu. (uk. 3). - Mtoto wa Mungere (uk. 2). - Mdogo wao akina Dennis, Leonila, Aulelia. (Uk. 5). 5. Mugala. Wasifu wake: - Mwananchi wa Bugolola. (Uk. 3) - Mchawi. (Uk. 3 na 7). - Ni mama yake Kasala. (uk. 2) - Ni mjane (uk. 4). - Mtu mwenye hasira (uk. 22) - Alikuwa na malezi mabaya kwa wajukuu zake (uk. 19). 6. Leonila. Wasifu wake: - Alikuwa dada yake Dennis na Misana. - Alikuwa mtoto wa Kasala Mungere. - Alikuwa mpenzi wa Tumaini (uk. 8 na 24). 6. Benadeta. Wasifu wake: - Mke wa pili wa Dennis (uk. 121) - Mtu mwenye chuki (uk. 120) - Alikuwa na dharau na mwenye matusi. (uk. 121) 7. Christina. Wasifu wake: - Alikuwa kahaba. (Uk.96) - Alikuwa mlevi (uk.94) - Alikuwa mlaghai (uk.95) - Hana mapenzi ya dhati (uk.96) - Alikuwa anapenda sana pesa. (Uk. 94) 8. Makoroboi. Wasifu wake: - Alikuwa jambazi (uk.96) - Alikuwa mkatili na mwenye kisasi (uk.96) - Anapenda pesa. (Uk.96) ===Wahusika wajenzi=== Ni wahusika ambao maudhui yao na dhamira wanazozitenda zinamsaidia mhusika mkuu katika dhamira azitendazo. Mara nyingi wahusika wajenzi wanakazi ya kunjenga au kumsaidia mhusika mkuu katika dhamira zake. Katika riwaya hii wahusika wajenzi ni kama ifuatavyo: 1. John. Ni mhusika mjenzi kwani dhamira alizobeba na nafasi alizotumiwa na mwandishi ni kwa lengo la kumjenga mhusika mkuu tumaini. Pia tunaona John na Tumaini walikuwa na mahusiano na ushirikiano tangu wakiwa kijijini Bugolola mpaka waliposafiri kuelekea mjini Shinyanga. Wasifu wake: -Alikuwa mlevi (uk. 62) -Alikuwa malaya (uk. 62 na 66). -Alikuwa mvivu (uk. ) -Ana mapenzi ya dhati (uk. 97) 2. Anastazia. Pia huyu ni mhusika mjenzi kwani alikubali kuambatana na Tumaini kijijini kwenda Mwanza halafu mjini Arusha. Pia uhusiano wao ulidumu na kupelekea kuoana na Tumaini. Wasifu wake: - Alikuwa na mapenzi ya dhati. (Uk. 57, 97, & 99). - Alikuwa mke wa Tumaini. (Uk. 61) - Mtu mwenye huruma (uk. 99) - Mtu mvumilivu. (Uk. 89) 3. Dennis. Ni mmojawapo wa wahusika wajenzi kwani ndio anaemjenga mhusika Tumaini kwa kiasi kikubwa akiwa mjini Shinyanga. Wasifu wake: - Ni mtu mwenye mapenzi ya dhati. (Uk. 59) - Alikuwa mtoto wa Kasala. (Uk. 3) - Alikuwa mtumishi wa serikalini ==Maudhui== Katika kazi ya fasihi ni jumla ya mawazo yote yanayozungumzwa pamoja na mtazamo wa mwandishi juu ya mawazo hayo. Maudhui hujumuisha mawazo pamoja na mafunzo mbalimbali yaliyomsukuma msanii hadi akatunga na kusanii kazi fulani ya kifasihi. Vipengele vya maudhui ni pamoja na dhamira, migogoro, falsafa ujumbe na msimamo. Katika riwaya hii mwandishi amejitahidi kwa kiasi kikubwa kuonyesha maudhi mbalimbali katika kazi yake kupitia vipengele mbalimbali kama vile Dhamira, migogoro, ujumbe, falsafa, mtazamo itikadi hii yote ni kwa lengo kuu la la kuelimisha jamii kuhusu mambo mbalimbali yanayotukia katika jamii hiyo. ''Dhamira'' ni wazo kuu au mawazo mbalimbali yanayojitokeza katika kazi ya fasihi. Senkoro anataadharisha maana hii isichanganywe na maudhui kwani dhamira ni sehemu tu ya maudhui na aghalabu dhamira kuu ndio hujenga kiini cha kazi ya fasihi. Dhamira zimegawanyika katika makundi mawili, kuna dhamira kuu na dhamira ndogondogo. ''Dhamira kuu'' ni wazo kuu linalojitokeza katika kazi ya fasihi, dhamira kuu katika riwaya hii ni matatizo na mikinzano ya kijamii, kiuchumi, na kisiasa, sasa tuangalie ni kwa jinsi gani mwandishi ameijadili dhamira hii. Matatizo na mikinzano ya kijamii, kiuchumi, na kisiasa, Katika riwaya hii “Dunia uwanja wa fujo” kwa kiasi kikubwa riwaya hii imejikita katika dhamira hii ambapo ameonyesha matatizo na mikinzano kiuchumi na kijamii ambayo jamii ya Kitanzania iliyoandikiwa hukabiliwa nayo. Ili kuijenga dhamira hii mwandishi amewatumia wahusika kama vile Tumaini, John ,Anastazia, Kapinga, Dennis ili kuiunda dhamira yake kuu katika riwaya hii. Tukianza na Tumaini mwandishi amemuonyesha kuwa ni mhusika ambaye anapinga sera za kijamaa ya siasa ya ujamaa iliyoanzishwa na serikari nchi nzima hali hiyo inaleta ukinzani kwa tabaka lenye mali kwani hawakuwa tayari kuachia mali zao kwa umma. Hali hii inadhihilisha pale Tumaini alipoamua kupingana na hali hiyo ya kunyanganywa mali zake na kupelekea kumuua mkuu wa wilaya, ambaye alikuwa ndio kiongozi mkuu katika mkoa wa Shinyanga katika shughuli za kusimamia sera hiyo ya ujamaa. (uk. 127) Hali hiyo ni mfano tosha kudhihirisha kuwa dhamira kuu katika riwaya hii ni Matatizo na mikinzano ya kijamii, kiuchumi, na kisiasa. ''Dhamira ndogo ndogo''. Haya ni mawazo yanayojitokeza ili kujenga dhamira kuu. Dhamira ndogondogo zinazojitokeza katika riwaya hii ni: ''Mapenzi na ndoa''. Mwandishi E. Kezilahabi amejadili suala la mapenzi na ndoa katika pande mbili tofauti, kwanza ameonesha mapenzi ya dhati na mapenzi ya ulaghai lakini pia ameonesha ndoa za dhati na ndoa za ulaghai. tukianza na mapenzi ya dhati, mapenzi ya dhati yanajitokeza kwa: ''a) Mapenzi ya dhati kwa Tumaini na mkewe Anastazia'' Mwandishi ameonesha mapenzi ya dhati aliyokuwa nayo Tumaini kwa mke wake, Mwandishi anathibisha hili pale anapoamua kutoroka na Anstazia na kuelekea mjini Shinyanga ambako walianza maisha mapya pia tunaona jinsi gani wawili hawa walivyojaliana hata katika kipindi cha matatizo. Mfano Anastazia alionyesha mapenzi ya kweli pale alipompelekea Tumaini chakula na kumfaliji kuwa atapona, pindi Tumaini alipopigwa na akina makoloboi. (Uk. 97) Mapenzi ya dhati aliyokuwa nayo kwa mke wake pia yanajidhihirisha pindi mke wake huyo alipokubali kuishi na Tumaini japo alikuwa ni mhuni na mlevi pia ha baada ya Tumaini kupigwa na kualibiwa sura Anastazia alindelea kuafiki kuishi na mumewe Tumini, hii ni kwa kuwa alikuwa akimpenda. Mwandishi anathibitisha hili katika uk. 64. ''2. Ulevi'' Mwandishi E, Kezilahabi hakuwa nyuma kujadili suala la ulevi na athari zake kwa binadamu na jamii kwa ujumla, katika riwaya yake hii amemtumia muhusika Tumaini pamoja na John kuelezea dhamira hii. Tukianza na Tumaini, mwandishi anamwonesha Tumaini akianza tabia ya ulevi wa pombe kali baada ya kufiwa na wazazi wake kijijini Bugololola hata alipoamia mkoani Shinyanga aliendelea na tabia hiyo ya ulevi wa pombe, Mwandishi hakuishia hapo tu bali ameonesha na athari za tabia hiyo ya ulevi kama vile kupelekea kufilisika kwa tumaini kama mwandishi anavyothibitisha (Uk. 94 & 95). ''3. Malezi kwa watoto'' Hii ni dhamira nyingine inayojitokeza katika riwaya hii, Mwandishi amemtumia muhusika Tumaini kuilezea dhamira hii, tunamwona Tumaini akipata malezi mabaya kutoka kwa wazazi wake kitu kilichopelekea kuyahalibu maisha ya Tumaini na kumfanya aache shule, awe mlevi, pamoja na mengine mengi. Mfano: Siku moja Tumaini alimchoma mlezi wake jichoni. Yule kijana alimpiga Tumaini kidogo, Tumaini alikimbia kwenda kushtaki kwa mama yake. “Mama Mpishi amenipiga!” Kwa nini umempiga mtoto wangu!” Mugaya alifoka.” Hali hii inaeleza jinsi Tumaini alivyo lelewa vibaya na kudekezwa na wazazi wake (uk. 11). ''Ushirikina na uchawi'' Ni hali ya kuamini nguvu za giza, ni jambo ambalo lina sababisha jamii nyingi kugawanyika na kukosa amani. Kwani mwandishi anadhihirisha hili anaposema: “''Vizuu walilia kwa sauti ya kutisha: yuhu! yuu! huba!” (uk. 30). ''“Tena alikuwa akilala ndani ya nyumba yako! Ndio maana mama yako alikuwa mchawi” (uk. 36). Suala la ushirikina katika jamii inayotuzunguka ni janga ambalo kila siku linahatarisha maisha ya watu hususani wazee wenye macho mekundu wako hatiani kupoteza maisha yao katika baadhi ya maeneo mfano mkoa wa Shinyanga na Simiyu, hivyo dhamira hii haijapitwa na wakati. ''Unafiki'' Hii ni dhamira pia inayojitokeza katika riwaya hii, katika kuijadili dhamira hii Mwandishi amemtumia mke wa Dennis kama mtu mnafiki kwani alijifanya anampenda mmewe kumbe alikuwa na uhusia mwamume mwingine ambaye ni John rafiki yake na Dennis. Mwandishi anadhihilisha hali hiyo akionyesha katika kitabu chake kwamba: “Heshima yangu imekwishapotea John ukiniacha hivihivi nitaona aibu sana!” (uk. 72). Tukigeukia katika uhalisia, tabia hii ya unafiki imeshamiri katika jamii zetu, unaweza ukawa na rafiki au ndugu ambaye akawa mnafiki kwako. Jamii inatakiwa kuondokana na tabia hii kwa haifai kabisa. ''Nafasi ya mwanamke'' Katika riwaya hii mwanamke amechorwa katika pande mbili, amechorwa katika upande hasi lakini pia mwanamke amechorwa katika upande chanya, upande hasi mwanamke amechorwa kama kiumbe duni na dhaifu wakati katika upande chanya amechorwa kama mtu jasiri, mchapa kazi, mwenye upendo. n.k. Sasa hebu tuangalie nafasi ya mwanamke katika jamii kama alivyochorwa katika riwaya hii tukianza na upande hasi. Katika riwaya hii mwanamke amechorwa kama kiumbe duni, dhaifu, katika nafasi mwanamke amechorwa kama: A) Chombo cha starehe. Mwandishi amemchora mwanamke kama chombo cha starehe anayeweza kutumiwa kuwastarehesha wanaume ili mradi kufurahisha nafsi zao, hili linathibitishwa na Mwandishi katika riwaya hii akimtumia muhusika Christina kama chombo cha starehe, ambaye alionekana kujirahisishwa kwa wanaume ili mladi apate fedha. Mfano uk. 95 & 96. “Sijaona mwanaume mwoga kama wewe! Kristina alisema. Tumaini alilala kitandani. Kristina alizima taa” (uk. 96) Hata katika jamii yetu inayotuzunguka wanawake kwa kujijua au kutojua wamekuwa wakifanywa kama chombo cha starehe kuwastarehesha wanaume, jamii inatakiwa kubadilika na kuondokana na dhana hii kwani mwanamke pia anastahiri heshima katika jamii. B) Mtu asiye na maamuzi katika jamii. Mwandishi amemchora mwanamke kama mtu asiye na maamuzi katika jamii yake, kwa mfano anamtumia muhusika ambaye alikuwa nini mama yake Tumaini kushindwa kufanya maamuzi juu mali alizoziacha kama urithi wa Tumaini japo hakupenda kumuachia mtoto wao fedha nyingi(alijua zitamuangamiza mwanae) lakini alishindwa kubatilisha kutokana na maamuzi yaliyoachwa na mumewe.mfano anaonyesha; ''“Ni vizuri zaidi mtoto kurithi vitu'' kama hivyo, licha ya hekima na kumrithisha mototo pesa ni ni kunvisha taji la uovu.” Baba yako alikataa kabisa; na kwa kuwa nilishindwa mawazo ya baba yako alipokuwa bado mzima, siwezi sasa kugeuza tamshi lake''.” (uk. 15) Hata katika jamii yetu, inawachukulia wanawake kama watu wasio na maamuzi katika familia na pindi inapotokea kufiwa na waume zao huwa wanapata shida na manyanyaso kutoka kwa ndugu wa mwanaume kama vile kufukuzwa kwenye nyumba, kunyang'anywa watoto na mali nyingine alizoshirikiana kuzichuma na mumewe. Jamii inatakiwa kumpa nafasi mwanamke na itambue kuwa ana haki sawa kama mwanamume. C. Msaliti. Hii ni nafasi nyingine ambayo mwandishi amemchora mwanamke, kwa mfano tunaona mke wa Dennis kama mtu mnafiki kwani alijifanya anampenda mmewe kumbe alikuwa na uhusia mwamume mwingine ambaye ni John rafiki y yake na Dennis. Mwandishi anadhihilisha hali hiyo akionyesha katika kitabu chake kwamba: ''“Heshima yangu imekwishapotea John ukiniacha hivihivi nitaona aibu sana!” (uk. 72). '''Migogoro''' ni mivutano na misuguano mbalimbali katika kazi za fasihi. Migogoro inaweza kuwa kati ya wahusika, familia zao, matabaka yao, au hata katika nyadhifa mbalimbali. Vilevile migogoro yaweza kuwa ya kiuchumi, kijamii, mogogoro ya nafsi, na migogoro ya kisiasa ambayo hujitokeza katika mitazamo tofauti kulingana na mtiririko wa visa na matukio yanavyopangwa na mwandishi. Kwa kuanza Mgogoro wa nafsi tunamuona Tumaini akipatwa mgogoro nafsi pindi alipofiwa na wazazi wake na baadae kug unduli kuwa walikuwa wamechuliwa ka vizuu na bibi ake na Leonila pia mgogoro nafsi wa pili ni pale ambapo leonila ankataliwa kuolewa na Tumaini anajikuta akiingia katika lindi la mgogoro nafsi. Pia Leonila anjikuta akiingia katika mgogo wa nafsi pindi pindi wazazi wake walipomwandalia mazingila ya kuolewa na tembo (uk. 15 & 39). '''Mgogoro kati ya mtu na mtu''' Hapa tunaona mgogoro kati ya Anastazia pamoja na wazazi wake, Dennis na John, Dennis na Benadeta, Tumaini na Serikali,Kasala na mama yake.mfano. (uk. 22, 23 & 128). ''-“Kumtunza mzee ni mzigo lakini inabibi uuchukue kwa fulaha” (uk. 23) ''-“Baba nihurumie! Lakini Kasala aliendelea kumpiga.'' '' Bibi wameniua kwa sababu yako!” (uk. 22). ==Ujumbe/Mafunzo== Ujumbe: mwandishi anapoandika kazi yake huwa na ujumbe ambao hutaka uifikie jamii aliyoikusudia. Ujumbe katika kazi fasihi ni mafunzo mbalimbali ambayo hupatikana baada ya kusoma kazi ya fasihi. Katika kazi ya fasihi dhamira kuu hubeba ujumbe wa msingi na dhamira ndogondogo hubeba ujumbe ambao husaidia kuujenga au kuupa uzito zaidi ujumbe wa msingi. Baadhi ya ujumbe unaopatikana katika riwaya hii ni pamoja na: ''Kikulacho kinguoni mwako'': Huu ni ujumbe ama funzo tunalolipata baada ya kusoma riwaya hii, ujumbe huu tunaupata kupitia muhusika mama Resi pindi kwani alijifanya anampenda mmewe kumbe alikuwa na uhusia mwamume mwingine ambaye ni John rafiki yake na Dennis. (uk. 72) ''Majuto ni mjukuu'': Ujumbe huu unajitokeza pia katika riwaya hii, mwandishi anamtumia mhusika Tumaini pale alipoendekeza starehe zilimsababisha aingie kwenye mtego wa majambazi wa kupigwa na kuhalibiwa sura yake. (uk. 98) ''Elimu ni ufunguo wa maisha'': Mwandishi anatupa ujumbe mwingine kuwa, ili mtu aweze kufanikiwa hana budi kushikiria na kuizingatia elimu kwani elimu ni ufunguo wa maisha, ujumbe huu katika riwaya hii unajitokeza kwa muhusika Dennis ambaye alipata kazi nzuri sababu alikuwa amekwenda shule na kupata elimu ya kutosha. ''“Nyumba ya Dennis ilikuwa ni kubwa sana. Ilikuwa na vyumba saba bila kuhesabu jiko lililokuwa mumo humo ndani” (uk. 60) ''Mpende akupendaye asiyekupenda achana nae, '''katika riwaya hii anaipa ujumbe jamii yake kuwa penda pale unapopendwa na si kumng'ang'ania tu mtu kwa kuwa moyo wako unataka tu kuwa naye, ujumbe huu tunaupata kupitia kwa muhusika Dennis alipogundua kuwa mke wake alikuwa na mapenzi ya uongo aliamua kuachana nae. “Dennis alipofika nyumbani alipiga kerere nimemfukuza mbwa,Tumaini” (uk. 109) ==Msimamo== Msimamo katika kazi ya fasihi, mawazo, mafunzo na falsafa ya msanii hubainisha msimamo wake kuhusu masuala mbalimbali ya kijamii. Msimamo ni ile hali ya mwandishi kuamua kufuata na kushikilia jambo fulani. Jambo hili huweza kukataliwa na wengi lakini akalishikilia tu. Msimamo ndio huweza kuwatofautisha wasanii wawili au zaidi wanaoandika kuhusu mazingira yanayofanana. Hivyo basi mwandishi anamsimamo kwamba mambo yote yanayotendeka katika ulingu huu ni sasawa na fujo tupu, kwani hata kama utajitahidi vipi kupambana na shida za ulimwengu huu matatizo yataendelea kukukabili mpaka umauti utakapokufikia. ==Jina na jalada la kitabu== Tukianza na jina la kitabu, jina ni “Dunia uwanja wa fujo” linasadifu yale yaliyomo ndani ya kitabu kwani tangu mwanzo wa riwaya hii kuna matukio au fujo mbalimbali ambazo zimejitokeza fujo hizo ni kama vile umalaya, ulevi, uchawi pamoja na mengineyo mengi. Mfano suala la uchawi lidhihilika pale katika uk. 36 unasema ''“Tena alikuwa akilala ndani ya nyumba yako! Ndio maana mama yako alikuwa mchawi” (uk. 36). ==Falsafa ya mwandishi== Kulingana na Mbunda Msokile yeye anasema kuwa Falsafa ni wazo ambalo mtu anaamimini lina ukweli Fulani unaotawala maisha yake pamoja na maisha ya jamii. Hivyo basi katika riwaya hii anaamini kuwa katika riwaya yake ya “Dunia ni uwanja wa fujo” Kwamba maisha hayana raha wala maana isipokuwa dunia ni uwanja wa fuzo. ==Kufaulu kwa mwandishi== Mwandishi wa riwaya hii amefaulu kwa kiasi kikubwa kuibua dhamira dhamira mbalimbali katika jamii. Kwani dhamira hizo zimeonekana kuwa ni kikingamizi kikubwa katika maendeleo ya jamii. Mfano suala la uchawi na ushirikina, malezi mabaya, ukale na usasa. Pia mwandishi amefaulu katika suala zima la lugha kwani ametumia lugha rahisi na inayoeleweka kwa msomaji yeyote hata kama si msomi sana. ==Marejeo== * Euphrase Kezilahabi, Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo, APE, Dar es Salaam 2023, ISBN 978-9976-587-04-3 [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kiswahili]] 9fo84c8x6pnrxiwq6t0u5zksugnac2e 11 89413 1548366 1548065 2026-05-22T13:17:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548366 wikitext text/x-wiki Hakika nimeelewa kwamba Waromani na Wanglikana wanamwabudu Shetani kwasababu hizi:1:Ubatizo wao maana uko kinyume na agizo la Yesu...2:Matumizi ya Rozari ambayo hakuna Nabii,Mtume,Kuhani wala mtu yeyote aliyetumia Kifaa hicho katika mambo ya kiimani tena HAKUNA neno Rozari ktk Biblia...3:Sala zao yuu ya wafu eti wasamehewe wakti Mungu hajaagiza maombi kama hayo katika Neno lake(Biblia)...4:Tendo la kutokwenda na BIBLIA kanisani...5:Tendo la kubatiza watoto wadogo eti wakiamini kwamba wana dhambi...6:Kuomba wafu ili wafu wawalinde,wawaombee kwa Mungu wakati mwombezi wetu ni Yesu(Rumi 8:31....) na Roho Mtakatifu...7:Tendo la waumini kushiriki mkate(mwili) tuu bila divai(Damu) na huku kiongozi wao akila mwili na kinywa divai peke yake kinyume na Yesu alivyofanya na kuagiza...8: N.k.Hayo yote ni dalili za Mpinga Kristo.Mwisho:Yesu anasema tujifunze kwake. :Ndugu, asante kwa matusi yako. Labda hujajua Injili inavyofundisha unyenyekevu na hasa kutokuhukumu wengine. Kwa vyovyote sioni uhusiano kati ya hoja zako za kigezo chetu. Nakuombea Mungu akugeuze kuwa kama kitoto, la sivyo hakuna wokovu! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:34, 11 Aprili 2017 (UTC) :upo vizuri kijana kula chuma hicho yakobo 1:27 afu kuja kutoka 20 afu lala na mathayo 6 [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-10748-64|&#126;2026-10748-64]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-10748-64|talk]]) 22:58, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) == YESU WA WASABATO NITOFAUTI NA YESU ANAYEABUDIWA JUMAPILI == Biblia yangu na yako ina sema '''mathayo 1:20 ................usihofu kumchukua mariamu mkeo maana mimba yake ni Kwa uwezo wa wa Roho mtakatifu''' Point yangu: YESU wa wa waromani ni mwana wa maria ila Yesu wa WASABATO ni mwana wa Mariamu ''. *Ushahidi ni kwamba jina '''devotha ukitoa neno " tha" inabaki " Devo" Maana ya neno " Devo" ni shetani hivyo basi hata neno mariamu ukitoa neno " mu" inabaki "maria " na huyu maria anachukua nafasi ya mungu mke kwenye utatu wa kipagani yaani "cemiresy" mke wa nimrodi ambaye aliabudiwa kama mungu jua''''' '''Luka 1:26 mwenzi wa sita malaika Gabriel I alitumwa na Mungu KWENDA mji wa galilaya...........27 Kwa mwanamwali bikra............jina lake mariamu 31 utachukua mimba utazaa mtoto jina lake utamwita Yesu 39 Basi siku hizo akaenda mji wa yuda katika nyumba ya Elizabeth 43 limenitokeaje neno hili Mama wa Bwana wangu anijilie Mimi?''' Pointi yangu ni kwamba Mimba ya YESU kuzaliwa ilitungwa mwezi wa sita hvyo Kwa utaritibu wa kuzaliwa yesu alizaliwa mwezi wa tatu ila '''yesu wa wa waroma amezaliwa mwezi wa 12 hivyo yesu wao ni ndebile yaani hajakamilika ndiyo maana maombi Yao hupita Kwa maria ndipo Kwa yesu maana yesu wao hajakamilika''' Kama unaswali weka comment hapo chini nitakujibu [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-30769-25|&#126;2026-30769-25]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-30769-25|talk]]) 06:00, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu, kama hujui, Agano Jipya liliandikwa kwa Kigiriki, ambapo mama wa Yesu haitwi Mariamu kama katika tafsiri ya Kiswahili, bali anaitwa Maria au Mariam vilevile. Bila shaka ni mtu yuleyule, na mwanae ni yuleyule: Yesu, mwokozi wetu pekee. Upande wa "mwezi wa sita" katika Lk 1:26, si "Juni" ulivyoelewa wewe. Ukienda Kenya, hutasikia watu wakiita Juni "mwezi wa sita"; hiyo ni namna iliyozoeleka Tanzania tu. Nchi nyingine inatumia jina la mwezi, si namba yake. Tena Injili iliandikwa kwa Kigiriki. Basi, ni mwezi wa sita baada ya habari iliyotangulia, yaani ile ya Gabrieli kutumwa kwa Zakaria. Soma mbele, Lk 1:24 (katikati Elizabeti alitawa miezi mitano) na Lk 1:36 (mwezi wa sita wa ujauzito wake). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:17, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) lb2b0g365i06ggxpe0pvxhuceura88l 0 91907 1548392 1401571 2026-05-22T13:44:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tanbihi */ 1548392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Mirambo ca 1885.jpg|thumb|Mirambo katika miaka ya 1880, kabla ya kifo chake]] {{History of Tanzania}} '''Mtemi Mirambo''' ([[1840]]-[[1884]]) alikuwa [[mtemi]] wa [[Wanyamwezi]] katika [[magharibi]] ya [[Tanzania]] ya leo. [[Jina]] lake la awali lilikuwa "Mteyla Kasanda", lakini alikuwa maarufu zaidi kama '''Mirambo''' (yaani "maiti nyingi"). Alizaliwa kama mwana wa mtemi wa Uyowa, moja kati ya maeneo madogo ya Unyamwezi akarithi utemi kutoka babake mnamo mwaka 1860. Mirambo alitajirika kama [[mfanyabiashara]] ya [[pembe za ndovu]] na [[watumwa]] kwa njia ya [[Biashara ya misafara|misafara]] kati ya [[pwani]] ya [[Bahari Hindi]] na [[Kongo]]. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[utajiri]] wake kujenga [[jeshi]] la binafsi. Kwa kusudi hilo alinunua [[bunduki]] aina ya [[gobori]] na kukusanya [[vijana]] wengi walioitwa "rugaruga". [[Rugaruga]] hao walihofiwa kote. Inasemekana ya kwamba kabla ya mapigano walipewa [[pombe]] na [[bangi]] kwa kusudi la kuongeza ukatili na kupunguza [[hofu]] yao ya kifo. Kwa kawaida vijana hao walikuwa [[wanaume]] walioishi bila [[ukoo]] na bila [[familia]] kisha kutoroka kwenye hali ya [[utumwa]] au kuwa [[wapagazi]] wa misafara.<ref>John Iliffe: ''A Modern History of Tanganyika''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1979, uk. 64</ref><ref>The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 6</ref> Mirambo aliwapokea na kuwapa silaha na kwa njia hii alishinda maadui na aliweza kupanua eneo lake hadi kuwa mtemi mkuu wa Wanyamwezi<ref>The Nyamwezi aristocracy was appalled when someone who was not royalty took over the religiously ceremonial office of ntemi.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 5</ref> kuanzia mwaka [[1860]] hadi [[kifo]] chake mnamo [[1884]]<ref>It is possible that he was strangled to death, since an old Nyamwezi custom was to strangle their mtemi when they became unfit to rule.</ref>. Alisifiwa na [[Henry Morton Stanley]] kama "[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] Mwafrika" kutokana na [[ushujaa]] wake dhidi ya [[Waarabu]] waliomuunga mkono Stanley mwenyewe. Hata hivyo hakufaulu kuteka [[Tabora]] kutoka mikononi mwao. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * Emmanuel Mbogo, Shujaa Mirambo, APE, Dar es Salaam 2023, ISBN 978-9987-871-94-0 ==Viungo vya nje== *Burnett, Lucy, [http://www.blackpast.org/?q=gah/mirambo-ca-1840-1884 Mirambo (ca.1840--1884)] at [[blackpast.org]] *[http://tesdo-tabora.blogspot.de/2012/02/mjue-mtemi-milambo.html Mjue Mtemi Milambo], kwenye blogu ya Tabora economic and social development organization (TESDO), iliangaliwa Februari 2018 {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1840]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1884]] [[Jamii:Wanyamwezi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa historia ya Tanzania]] 1euae5ggdfnkviw90rjpmyce10cl2co 3 94147 1548999 1532362 2026-05-23T11:07:49Z Muddyb 379 /* Ukurasa wa karibu */ mjadala mpya 1548999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:sw}}? Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:-XQV-|majadiliano]])''' 21:31, 20 Juni 2018 (UTC) Habari! The translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' is '''Onesha upya moja kwa moja''' Shukrani sana! '''[[Mtumiaji:Makangabila Clement|Makangabila Clement]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Makangabila Clement#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:17, 21 Juni 2018 (UTC) ==Mtumiaji:ChriKo== habari naona umesahihisha matini katika ukrasa wa ChriKo. Masahihisho haya ni sahihi. Lakini ka jumla hatuingii katika kurasa za watumiaji. Kila mmoja anajitambulisha jinsi anavyoona (na anavyoweza). Hii ni tofauti na makala anazotunga. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:39, 26 Novemba 2018 (UTC) ==Samahani sikua najua== Samahani mzee '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] sikujua utaratibu huu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' ==[[Ngw'anamalundi (Mwanamalundi)]]== Naona tumehariri wakati mmoja, naomba uangalie tena kile ulichohariri mwishoni, inawezekana nimeiharibu kwa bahati mbaya. Niliingiza vyanzo vinavyopatikana google books na OUT. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 4 Desemba 2018 (UTC) Sawa mzee nitaangalia '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' ==Samaki== [[Picha:Barb gonio 080526 9681 ltn Pv.jpg|thumb|90px|Pezi]] [[Picha:Tuna Gills in Situ 01.jpg|90px|thumb|Mashavu ya jodari]] Unaamini kweli [[samaki]] inavuta oksijeni kupitia [[pezi|mapezi]]?? Hii ingekuwa kazi ngumu mno, heri tumwachie mashavu! <br/> ona Kamusi sanifu ya Biolojia, Fizikia na Kemia (TUKI 2012³)<br/> '''''gill arch''' n taoshavu kigegedu,kiungo maalum katika shavu la samaki kinachofanana na upinde, na ambacho hutegemeza vijishavu ambapo kubadilishana kwa oksijeni na dioksidi kaboni hutokea.<br/> '''fin''' n pezi: kiungo katika wanyama wa inajini kama vile samaki ambacho hutokana na mkunjo wa ngozi na musuli uliotengenezwa na mifupa''<br/> TUKI English-Swahili dictionary ''gill n yavuyavu: shavu la samaki. Vt toa/tumbua mashavu (ya samaki) ''Kama ChriKo (PhD biolojia) ameshiriki katika makala, sijaona bado makosa mengi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 1 Machi 2020 (UTC) : Sawa Mzee Kipala, nadhani mapezi ni lugha jumuishi sana ila walau mashavu ya samaki inafaa zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:27, 2 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 17:18, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) :Nimekaribia! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo: Picha ya wiki == <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[Picha:Cow horned portrait.jpg|200px|Ng'ombe]] </div> '''[[Ng'ombe]]''' ni wanyama wakubwa wa jenasi [[Bos]]. Spishi ya ng'ombe ina nususpishi au aina nyingi lakini ni spishi moja tu. Ng'ombe hula manyasi na kutembea kwa vidole viwili. Asili yake ni aina za ng'ombe wa pori waliofugwa kwa sababu ya nyama na maziwa. Katika nchi nyingi anatumiwa pia kama mnyama wa mizigo anayevuta plau au magari. Wataalamu huamini ya kwamba aina zote za ng'ombe zina asili katika mashariki ya kati mnamo milenia ya 9 KK ambako watu waliwahi kuwafuga nas kutoka hapa ufugaji ng'ombe ulisambaa kote duniani. ==Picha== Asante kwa kuweka kumbukumbu hiyo ya warsha ya astronomia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:30, 9 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <br/> Karibu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Masanja== Kuna sababu ya kufuta picha ya V Masanja?'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 10 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Lugha za makabila ya Tanzania== Ndugu, hakuna haja ya kuanzisha jamii hiyo, inatosha [[:Jamii:Lugha za Tanzania|ile ya lugha za Tanzania]]. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:05, 13 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <br/> Sawa Ndungu. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:26, 13 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha wageni== Asante kwa kushiriki katika kukaribisha wageni. Nashukuru ukiendelea. Ila tu usisahau kutia sahihi kwa kuingiza yafuatayo: '''<nowiki>{{karibu}}~~~~ </nowiki>'''. Sahihi yako ambayo ni sehemu '''<big><nowiki>~~~~ </nowiki></big>''' inakuja pamoja na tarehe. Hii inatusaidia kujua baadaye ni lini kwamba mchangiaji amekaribishwa na kuelezwa kanuni zeti; ni msaada hasa tukilazimishwa kuchukua hatua dhidi ya mchangiaji: je aliweza kujua utaratibu kwa sababu amekaribishwa tayari au bado? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 23:27, 31 Julai 2020 (UTC) :Ahsante sana [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], niliweza kujua utaratibu baada ya kufatilia mabadiliko ya karibuni hivyo niliona jinsi ya kukaribisha watu.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 7 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za "Karibu"== Uliweka salamu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Mtumiaji:Oparanya_harvey]] badala ya ukurasa wa majadiliano. Naomba uhakikishe unapoweka. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:54, 8 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Sawa, ahsante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 23:14, 8 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Hongera ya kazi== Naona jisi unavyopiga mbio siku hizi, hongera sana. Ila kwenye namna ya kutafsiri usifuate mfano wa Kiingereza neno-kwa-neno. Mfano [[hijabu]] ulichukua sehemu hii yote ya alama za kifonetiki kuhusu matamshi kwa Kiingereza, ambayo ni bure kidogo maana anayetaka kuona haya aangalie upande wa enwiki, si kwetu (isipokuwa labda kama matamshi ya Kiingereza isizo kawaida, inaweza kuwa na maana mara chache). Vilevile kwa [[karani]] umetafsiri "white collar" ambayo inaleta maana tofauti. Nani anavaa "kola" kwa Kiswahili? Hata kwa Kiingereza si maana asilia tena (kola kama sehemu ya vazi inayofungwa kwenye shati yako, jinsi ilivyo kwa wachungaji hadi leo, lakini nje ya magauni kadhaa ya wanawake "collar" yenyewe haipo tena) lakini inaeleweka kwa watu wanaofanya kazi ofisini kutokana na desturi ya zamani kubadilisha ile "kola nyeupe" iwe safi ilhali hujaosha shati kila siku. Kutafsiri kamwe ni neno kwa neno lakini kuonyesha maana. Sina wasiwasi, utapata uzoefu! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:25, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Kwa Marejeo usisahau kuweka chini yake msimbo wa '''<nowiki> <references/> </nowiki>''' , itahakikisha tanbihi zinaonekana mahali panapotakiwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :: Ahsante sana [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], nitazidi kujifunza kuboresha zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:26, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]<font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:43, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Majadiliano ya ufutaji== Ukichangia kuhusu ufutaji wa makala, usiandike pekee kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano ya makala, usisahau kuipeleka pia kwenye ukurasa wa ufutaji, maana maazimio yanafanywa pale. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:43, 14 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Sawa, nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:47, 14 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == Jamii Forums == '''JamiiForums''' ni [[mtandao wa kijamii]] maarufu zaidi nchini [[Tanzania]] ulioanzishwa rasmi mwaka [[2006]] mwezi Machi ikiwa na waanzilishi wawili, [[Maxence Melo]] na [[Mike Mushi]] ambao walijuana kupitia mtandao wakati ambao mtandao ukiwa dubwana geni si tu Tanzania lakini sehemu kubwa ya dunia, wakati huo ikijulikana kama Jambo Forums na jina hilo lilidumu kwa miaka miwili pekee. === '''Historia''' === ==== '''Uanzilishi''' ==== JamboForums ilikuja baada ya kuwa na majukwaa mbalimbali kama Tanzania Economic Forum, Habari Tanzania, Jambo Network, Jambo Radio na Jambo Videos. Kila tovuti ilikuwa na malengo tofauti lakini yote yakilenga kuwahudumia watu wa nyanja husika kuweza kupata sehemu ya kusemea au kubadilishana mawazo. Lengo kuu la JF likiwa ni kuanzisha Jamvi moja ambapo wadau watakutana na kubadilishana mawazo huku wakikubali kutokubaliana (utofauti wa mawazo) na kujenga mijadala endelevu. Katika Jambo Network (jambonetwork.com) au JamboRadio.com mijadala ilikuwa kwa mtindo wa chat ambapo hakukuwa na kumbukumbu baada ya mjadala, hii ilipelekea mijadala mingi kuwa inarudiwa na kusababisha kukosa mwelekeo kabisa. Katika uanzilishi lengo kubwa lilikuwa kuwafikia wazungumzaji wa kiswahili wa eneo la Maziwa Makuu na hata watumiaji wengi wa Kiingereza lakini wenye kupenda kujua habari za ukanda huu. Mkusanyiko wa majukwaa haya ulipelekea kuwa na kusanyiko moja ambalo kwa wakati huo (2006) liliitwa JamboForums.com, jina ambalo lilitumika hadi mwezi Mei 2008 ==== '''Mabadiliko ya jina''' ==== Mwaka 2008 yalifanyika maamuzi ya haraka na ya lazima kwa wakati huo kwa kubadili jina kutoka Jambo Forums kwenda JamiiForums. Jina la JamiiForums lilichagizwa na kubakia na kifupi cha JF kutoka kuwakilisha neno JamboForums na sasa kuwakilisha neno JamiiForums. Jina lililazimika kubadilishwa kutokana na mgongano wa matumizi ya jina la JamboForums ambapo lilikuwa halijachukuliwa haki miliki (copyrights) za jina ingawa baadaye walifanikiwa kulimiliki kihalali. Uongozi haukutaka kusimamisha moja kwa moja matumizi ya JF hivyo wakafikiria jina mbadala la JamboForums na kubaini kuwa tayari hili kusanyiko la wadau ni kusanyiko la Jamii, na bado Jamii ilikuwa ikiendelea kutunza JF kama wengi wanavyopenda kufupisha. ==== '''Madhumuni ya kuanzisha JF''' ==== Lengo kubwa la uanzishwaji wa JF likiwa ni kuwafikia wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili wa eneo la Maziwa Makuu na hata watumiaji wengi wa Kiingereza lakini wenye kupenda kujua habari za ukanda huu kwa kutoa uwanja huru wa kujadili kwa wanachama wake ambao sio shuruti kutumia majina yao halisi. === '''Mafanikio''' === Kwa miaka yote iliyodumu, Jamiiforums imekuwa msaada katika nyanja nyingi ikiwemo siasa, michezo, afya, habari na hasa habari mtambuka. Mtandao wa JamiiForums unatoa fursa ya kipekee ya kujadili habari na hoja mbalimbali badala ya habari kulishwa kwa upande mmoja. JamiiForums imetoa fursa kwa wananchi wa kawaida kujadiliana na viongozi wa juu katika serikali na taasisi mbalimbali pia watu maarufu katika jamii ambao kwa namna moja au nyingine ingekuwa ngumu kwao kuwapata. Mfano watu maarufu ni mwanasiasa mkongwe wa Tanzania ambae alipata kuwa katibu mkuu wa chama kikuu cha upinzani Tanzania na kuwania urais mwaka 2010, Dr. [[Wilbrod Peter Slaa]], [[Mwigulu Nchemba]] ambae aliwahi kuwa naibu wizara ya fedha na mgombea aliekuwa anawania kupewa tiketi ya Urais kwa niaba ya chama tawala, chama cha Mapinduzi, aliekuwa naibu katibu mkuu chama cha demokrasia na maendeleo ([[CHADEMA]]) [[Kabwe Zuberi Zitto]] pia baadhi ya taasisi kubwa nchini kama TCRA ambao ni wadhibiti wa mawasiliano Tanzania. JamiiForums kutokana kuwa na wanachama wa aina mbalimbali ina wataalam waliobobea katika fani mbalimbali ambao wanaweza kutoa majibu ya kitaalamu kulingana na fani zao ambapo si ajabu muhusika angelipia kama wangekutana ofisini ama kuibiwa. Mifano inajumuisha ujenzi, afya, teknologia pia inajumuisha uchambuzi makini katika siasa na chaguzi za miaka nenda rudi kwa kutoa mawazo mbadala na kufikisha sauti za watu wasioweza kusikika. ===Mfano wa mijadala JamiiForums=== '''[https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/elimutiba-jinsi-ya-kujieleza-kwa-daktari.382399/ ELIMUTIBA: Jinsi ya kujieleza kwa Daktari]''' [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/yaliyojiri-bungeni-ijumaa-28-novemba-2014-hatma-ya-sakata-la-tegeta-escrow-account.765731/ '''Yaliyojiri Bungeni: Ijumaa, 28 Novemba 2014 (Hatma ya Sakata la Tegeta ''Escrow'' Account)'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/walimu-kwa-wale-wanaotaka-kubadilishana-vituo-vya-kazi.417341/ '''WALIMU: Kwa wale wanaotaka kubadilishana vituo vya kazi'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/kitabu-gani-ambacho-kimewahi-kubadilisha-maisha-yako-na-unatamani-wengine-tukisome.647294/ '''Kitabu gani ambacho kimewahi kubadilisha maisha yako na unatamani wengine tukisome?'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/majibu-ya-waziri-mwigulu-nchemba-kuhusu-tuhuma-za-kughushi-vyeti-vya-taaluma-kuiba-jina.1133661/ '''Majibu ya Waziri Mwigulu Nchemba kuhusu tuhuma za kughushi vyeti vya taaluma, kuiba jina'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/mahojiano-ya-moja-kwa-moja-na-mhe-zitto-zuberi-kabwe-katika-jamiiforums.357439/ '''Mahojiano ya moja kwa moja na Mhe. Zitto Zuberi Kabwe katika JamiiForums'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/kwa-wazazi-na-walezi-mada-maalum-ya-watoto.1002067/ '''Kwa wazazi na walezi: Mada maalum ya watoto'''] === '''Chanzo/uthibitishaji habari JamiiForums''' === Hili kwa muda mrefu limekuwa swali kwa watu wengi kwa jinsi gani JamiiForums wanadhibiti habari za uongo na nini chanzo cha habari zao. JamiiForums ni mtandao wa kijamii na si gazeti wala redio lakini utofauti wake wenyewe wameweka wahariri ambao kazi yao kubwa ni kusimamia sheria za majadiliano walizojiwekea lakini pia ikiwekwa habari na wanachama wake inayotiliwa shaka basi hufatilia na kuthibisha au kubatilisha. === '''FikraPevu''' === Kuongeza ufanisi na uhakika wa habari zake, kilianzishwa kitengo maalum kinachohusika na habari ambapo huaririwa na waandishi na kuchapishwa kwenye mtandao wa www.FikraPevu.com ambapo ni gazeti mahsusi la mtandaoni kwani kuwazuia watu kuweka habari mpaka uthibitisho kwenye JamiiForums ilionekana ni ukirikitimba na ungeelekea kwenye mkwamo. Wanachama wa JF wamekuwa waungwana na pale ambapo mwanachama mwenzao akipotosha basi kuna nafasi ya kuripoti ili usawa uwekwe. === '''Takwimu''' === Kwa mwaka 2012 JamiiForums ilikuwa na wanachama zaidi ya 100,000 na kupata watembeleaji 50,000 kila siku. Kulingana na mtandao wa statscrop.com ambao hupima tovuti mbalimbali, JamiiForums ina thamani ya $3,182,721. === '''Wanachama wakongwe''' === Pamoja na JF kuwa na wanachama wengi lakini wapo wanachama walioanza tangu JamboForums inaanza mwaka 2006 na wangine wamekuwa nayo kwa takriban miaka kumi sasa. Mafano wa wanachama hao ni Mzee Mwanakijiji, Rev. Kishoka, Augustine Moshi, Kyoma, Mwawado, Mkandara, Kibunango, Steve Dii Mwafrika wa Kike, Kichuguu Choveki Masatu Masanja Quemu Mlalahoi Mtanzania Bibi Ntilie Game Theory jmushi1 Zakumi Moelex23 na wengineo wengi. === '''JamiiForums kwenye mitandao ya kijamii''' === Pamoja na kuwa mtandao wa kijamii maarufu zaidi ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki wenye asili ya Tanzania, JamiiForums inazo kurasa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii kama Facebook ikiwa na wafuatiliaji wengi zaidi Afrika Mashariki takribani 3,200,000 mpaka September 2019 pia JamiiForums ina kurasa yake katika mtandao wa Twitter na Instagram. [[Jamii:Mawasiliano]]. ==Futa== Kuna Pendekezo la ufutaji wa Makala uliyoanzisha, hivyo unaweza kuiboresha zaidi ili kuepushwa kufutwa. ==[[Majadiliano:Jihadi]]== Nimerudisha matini ya [[mtumiaji:JJOSY2000]], maana si vizuri tukijaribu kuficha ukosoaji. Akikosoa (bila matusi, bila fujo) ni haki yake, hata kama sababu anazoleta ni dhaifu na mabadiliko aliyoleta hayawezi kubaki maana anaanza kugusa uwanja wa mahubiri. Sitashughulika usiku huu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:15, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) :Sawa, ahsante kwa taarifa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:12, 19 Januari 2021 (UTC) == Boot Camps article == This is my first try and you guys attack me instant. I know is some kind robotic but Im working on it plus to add more sources. Just give me a chance. I will proof read it until tommorow and add more citations. :You seems passionate [[user:Crapalan‬]] and thats a good start. But we can't keep such article not knowing when you gonna improve it. Next time try to pe patient and perfect the article before publishing. You may have as more practices into your sandbox as many times as you can. Peaceful!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:28, 1 Juni 2021 (UTC) == [[Kituo cha reli Luebeck Travemuende Strand]] == Hello Bro, I d like to ask you if you could check the grammar of this article please? I am in a starters level in Kiswahili yet and for sure I wrote some typos. Thank you! Alex. [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 20:42, 24 Agosti 2021 (UTC) :Okay I will check '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:14, 24 Agosti 2021 (UTC) We can finish up the article together if you want, I know the station and the district. You know the Kiswahili language. [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 11:44, 25 Agosti 2021 (UTC) : Okay, please login or share username so as I can contact you easily to help you with the translation. Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:45, 25 Agosti 2021 (UTC) You can email me directly to denjakvienna@gmail.com please. What informations do you want to addict into this article? [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 11:35, 26 Agosti 2021 (UTC) Bro could you help me to translate some words because google translate gives stuff only, how would you call: * timetable * network map * ticket validators * equipment In Kiswahili? Regards, Alex [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 22:01, 27 Agosti 2021 (UTC) * timetable ( Ratiba) * network map (Mchoro wa ramani ya mtandao) * ticket validators (Wakatisha tiketi/Wakaguzi wa tiketi)) * equipment (Kifaa) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:16, 27 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> :Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:59, 5 Januari 2022 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Czeus25 Masele}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:12, 14 Machi 2022 (UTC) == [[King Kikii]] == Original state of "King Kikii" contains nothing but misspellings of it as Kiki with SINGLE "i". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 09:56, 23 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie]]; please refer below: :[[King Kikii|Tanzanian rumba maestro King Kikii passes away at 77 | The Citizen]] [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-18927|&#126;2024-18927]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-18927|talk]]) 13:01, 25 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> :Ni wazo zuri likiwa na faida juu ya kuwezesha wachangiaji wasiopenda kujisajiri. Japo nina mapendekezo akaunti hizi ziangaliwe upya ili kuzuia waharibifu wa mtandao, pendekezo ni kwamba hizi akaunti za muda ziwe na mipaka ya matumizi (mfano: idadi ya hariri, muda wa kuwepo. Akaunti lazima zipangiliwe vizuri ili zisitumike vibaya au kuharibu kazi za jamii ya Wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Talk Page == Why would you delete my talk page? About Morisi, I moved Mauritius (Not Mauritania) to Morisi. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:13, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Ancient Sorcerous Empire == WikiBayer - is NOT guardian angel, it is ANNONRIAL/RAVERNAL pure evil: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Gayle157#Elephant_in_Porcelain_Shop]] READ debunking of WikiBayer reverts. '''[[Mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == samahani naitwa janeth john == nimeona umefuta makala yangu iitwayo"understandable way to open source technology" ningependa kujua kwanini umefuta maana nina hiitaji nnashida nayo '''[[Mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO]] Jibu ni rahisi. Hii ni Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, huo Uzungu unafuata nini hapa? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:48, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Delete == What is wrong with you? Why do you delete pages just anyhow , Like why did you delete the redirect to Vita za Israeli-Irani [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:55, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Habari! :Nimefuta redirection kwa sababu tayari ukurasa umehamishwa, hakuna haja ya kuwa na makala iliyokosewa jina kipindi inaanzishwa. labda :kama ingekuwa makala iliyofutwa inafanania sana na ilikohamishiwa na kuwa makala iliyofutwa ni maarufu ama ndio jina linalojulikana sana. Mfano Makala iliyofutwa ingekua Aguahrz ila watu wanafahamu zaidi Chronist basi redirection ya Chrosist ingebaki. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:08, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::That's not how it works, ::You don't delete redirects after a page is moved, This is because it preserves History, It also prevents broken links since there are page linking to that redirect . ::Also the redirect page you delete wasn't as a result of page move i created it for alternative names, ::Its just like how Iran redirects to Irani , That doesn't mean you delete the redirect , [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:04, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Hapo zamani niliwahi kusimamia zoezi la editorthon, vijana wapya walikua wakipata mafunzo jinsi ya kuandika makala kwenye boksi la mchanga na kisha kuichapisha makala, vijana wengi waliandika vichwa vya makala na kuweka kituo kikubwa mwishoni mwa jina la makala. Mwalimu wetu alitufundisha kanuni za uandishi na jisi ya kuhamisha makala hizo kwa kuondoa kituo kikubwa mwishoni mwa makala zenye makosa. kisha makala yenye makosa (redirect) zilifutwa. Sio kila redirect ina maana kubaki au la basi mradi huu usingefikia ubora ulionao. kama wachangiaji tutaendelea kuboresha kadiri inavyofaa kulingana na kanuni za mradi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:56, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::Bro, You are wrong you need to read [[en:Wikipedia:Redirect/Deletion reasons|WP:Redirect/Delete Reasons]] :::::The redirect page i created was for alternative name to ensure readers find the article easily. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="fontfamily: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 16:49, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Indentations == Please do NOT waste indent steps by multiple ":" at once. Single step suffices, and on contrary, it looks like long tabulation. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:25, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::You again forgot it. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:27, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I see, I'm used to start with : in reply for a single step (old version). I have noticed now when you reply there is a single step created automatically. So much have changes in Wiki, again thanks. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Misclassification == Since [[Mtumiaji:Peter Born lȣ]] is ALREADY belonging to MASSIVE [[:Jamii:Akaunti bandia za NyinaWaJambo]] group of accounts, '''[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]]''' should be tagged as SOCK of "NyinaWaJambo" as well, but '''NOT''' to single-member "Peter Born lȣ" subgroup. Please change in '''[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]]''' "Peter Born lȣ" string to "NyinaWaJambo" string to avoid single-member [[:Jamii:Akaunti bandia za Peter Born lȣ]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:35, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :I will work on it.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Czeus25 Masele}} [[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]] is '''admin-only''', still nothing changed, simply please fix as said HERE, from "Peter Born lȣ" to "NyinaWaJambo", since Gayle obviously triggered DISRUPTIVE single-member recursing subcategory. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:45, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]] begs correction. You forgot IT. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|majadiliano]])''' 13:37, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::I'm investigating '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:40, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I will investigate for you. If '''FIutureIA''' is sock of '''Peter Born lȣ''' who in turn is sock of '''NyinaWaJambo''', then '''FIutureIA''' is too sock of '''NyinaWaJambo'''. '''DITCH INTERMEDIATE STEP'''. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] Lol, You are too ironic, Cut the pretence.! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:42, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == I am not PORN monger == They globally locked my "Clän Gaël" account thinking I describe bytes of PORN online. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-83683|&#126;2025-83683]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-83683|talk]]) 13:26, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :[[w:en:Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block|Wikipedia:Appealing a block - Wikipedia]]'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:28, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::English Wikipedia is UNRELATED. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-82776|&#126;2025-82776]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-82776|talk]]) 13:33, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::It works '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:38, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::ENGLISH wikipedia is NOT "META"! And META people are very LOFTY. 90% chance for request defeat. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-85053|&#126;2025-85053]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-85053|talk]]) 14:04, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == [[Special:Contribs/Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]] == You should know what "[[template:Karibu]]" boilerplate says. She does since weeks '''recurring breaching''' of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. Administrative action needed. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-24870-7|&#126;2025-24870-7]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-24870-7|talk]]) 08:20, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-24870-7|~2025-24870-7]] Can you make your english simple?'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:29, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) You too should admonish her as '''admin'''. Many '''non'''-admin people tell her to stop going against [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]] and she ignores that STUBBORNLY, see: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25146-2|&#126;2025-25146-2]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25146-2|talk]]) 08:49, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Thanks. As any contributor you can do correction of any article that has not been restricted by admins, hence whenever there is an article you see not fit please do some improvement, add a banner addressing the issues of it it is for deletion add it on deletion list. Also do not hesitate to point out what was done wrong by the contributor in their talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Maryam Saleh Abeid]] - "What Was Done Wrong" already there and she still blatantly ignores all that. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:25, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :usichoke kurekebisha makosa, ila endapo atafanya mabadiliko ya kuondoa kwa makusudi masahihisho yatakayofanywa ataonywa na kuchukuliwa hatua. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Vyanzo == There is <nowiki>{{vyanzo}}</nowiki> full boilerplate instead of misapplied inline version. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-24742-3|&#126;2025-24742-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-24742-3|talk]]) 09:00, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :1.Add <nowiki>{{Futa}}</nowiki> - if suggesting deleting the article ref: [[:Jamii:Makala zenye matatizo|Jamii:Makala zenye matatizo - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru]] :2.add <nowiki>{{Chanzo}}</nowiki> - if an article has no reference '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Futa}}</nowiki> is WRONG,it does NOT support <nowiki>{{Futa|Reason}}</nowiki>, so use <nowiki>{{Delete|Reason}}</nowiki> instead. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:21, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Chanzo}}</nowiki> is wrong, it creates PETIT inline. TO cover whole article, better is <nowiki>{{Vyanzo}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:22, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) Thanks for clarification '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :[[Kigezo:Db-meta]] contains UPDATED code supporting <nowiki>{{Delete|Reason}}</nowiki> syntax. Please copy its code into [[Kigezo:Futa]] which is obsolete since years. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] == Obvious behavior akin to '''SOVIET COMMISSAR''', [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-32681-1]] was OK! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-33265-3|&#126;2025-33265-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-33265-3|talk]]) 19:45, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:56, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Dogo Janja == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogo_Janja&diff=1444388&oldid=1444308 R.R. agreed finally with mine blank!] So can thou lift BLOCK from "Dogo Janja" account now? '''[[Mtumiaji:Janja Dogo|Janja Dogo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Janja Dogo|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Done! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:18, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == MIS-conceptions == [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] should contain '''ONLY''' pages condemned for SPEEDY DELETE like vandalism, etc..., so do NOT use <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> nor <nowiki>{{delete|REASON}}</nowiki>, but instead always use <nowiki>{{vyanzo}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 14:49, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) It is example of FUTA purpose. [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]] wants her userpage permanently deleted so META-hosted userpage will show. Delete [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]] for real as she wish please. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-40114-5|&#126;2025-40114-5]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-40114-5|talk]]) 12:17, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Thank you. {{Ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} do I have the rights to perform this action? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] Usijisumbue. Ni wasumbufu wa mjini. Anakuja na jina jipya kila siku. Hicho atakacho hakina faida yoyote kwa kamusi yetu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:16, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Use <nowiki>{{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}}</nowiki> instead, bare "@" is notifying '''NOBODY'''. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-40539-0|&#126;2025-40539-0]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-40539-0|talk]]) 13:50, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-40539-0|~2025-40539-0]] Si kweli. Ukiweka @ inamjulisha kama ametajwa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:16, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Wabheja! @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]]'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:38, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Really please delete both [[Lvova]] and [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]], she wants that to be deleted since her META user page https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lvova does not show from META into THIS wiki. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 15:29, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:45, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo:User Wikimania == Jambo. Sorry for writing in English. Could you please tell me whether my translation on [[Kigezo:User Wikimania]] is correct? ''This user participated in Wikimania {{{1}}}.'' → ''Mtumiaji huyu alishiriki katika Wikimania {{{1}}}.'' Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 16:52, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Habari! Yes your translation is correct, and thank you for creating that. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:56, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Reverts == Use REVERT not ROLLBACK, so it will permit edit summary editing. Please write in EDIT summary meaningful reasons instead of using constant [[Maasai]]... mantra, example: https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yericko_Nyerere&action=history In this way TEMP ACCOUNTS will understand what is going. Your and not only your habit should be changed permanently. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:46, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :What should have been written in that matter give me an example. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) In this case, instead of [[Maasai]]... HIHI HIHI... there should be written in edit summary: "ji jambo jemba kuendelea kuhariri makala, ila kumbuka unapoongeza taarifa fulani inahitaji chanzo kuthibitisha" Analogously other reasons in other cases. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :majadiliano |michango |zuia|'''rejesha'''|asante this is what I see and I normally use the bolded one '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:53, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Simply use "tengua" inside edit history instead of "rejesha" to be able to insert custom edit summaries. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :We cannot trust outsiders, even established ones. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uhandisi_wa_reli&diff=1459836&oldid=1459268 WTF]? English vandalisms restored? FYI: already reverted. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wotwo|Wotwo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wotwo|majadiliano]])''' 14:08, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Misplaced Articles == If trivial page is obstruction, delete it first. Please ALWAYS move articles misplaced on talks and userpages to ARTICLE SPACE, see [[special:contribs/Geoffrey_Kurara]]. Do NOT copypaste, it is to preserve edit history for having all contributors listed there, it is required by WMF licensing terms. '''[[Mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|Geoffrey Kurara]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 21 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Old Account == Please unblock "Jumanne Rajabu", it was overblow - ONE YEAR, i am sorry for newbie error. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 15:52, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Are you the real J4? I know he wouldn't edit his own article and without credible source. Ok 1 year was not overblow but to showcase this trend of people editing their own articles. Appology accepted. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:01, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Of course I am the same as "Jumanne Rajabu", and this BAN-ana expected to be lifted ASAP, makes my old account useless to talk with you and R.R. on their own userpages. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 16:03, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Alternatively, you can BAN-anize old "Jumanne Rajabu" account for ever. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 16:10, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :I know you can still write on your userpage ref [[:en:Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block|Wikipedia:Appealing a block - Wikipedia]] and you can appeal your block here [[:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|Wikipedia:Unblock wizard - Wikipedia]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) I do not need any Wizards nor Witchs and that all is on ENGLISH wikipedia separate from SWAHILI wikipedia. Simply YOU please unblock my old account when YOU accepted my apology. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :You can still appeal if you think it was unfair block. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] It's time for soul finding. Do not waste your energy on minor issues. You did your part, let the ball roll on its own. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 19:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :::Wakola! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:06, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Explanation == META is one wiki, ENGLISH wikipedia is other wiki, SWAHILI is current wiki, GERMAN wikipedia is different wiki, etc... Telling someone to do something outside SWAHILI wiki instead locally here I do not understand. SWAHILI wiki does not contain any advanced bureaucratic scripts nor wizards, and direct addressing on talk is sole way here. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) It is NOT related to current SW-wiki at all. Yes, using of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard]] will cause ENGLISH admins only to conclude that blockee is NOT blocked at all on ENGLISH wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|Geoffrey Kurara]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Futa == [[:template:futa]] is nothing but '''disfunctional deficiency''', unable to convey "delete reason". Please copy full code from [[:template:db-meta]] into adminprotected [[:template:futa]] so "delete reason" will be since NOW supported. '''[[Mtumiaji:Reliwei|Reliwei]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Reliwei|majadiliano]])''' 08:39, 4 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:49, 4 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mchizi Petro]] == From protected [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mchizi Petro]] please BLANK all lines between: "Thank you" and "== Mchizi Petro ==" it is ARTICLE COPY unsuitable for talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 08:02, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Sure.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) So please DELETE it now wholly. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 18:05, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :It’s deleted '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == ABBEY == Please see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] you deleted only one ABBEY page, please delete rest, there are much more to delete. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 20:02, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Some pages needs improvement and you can do improvement to rescue them. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 03:46, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo == <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> ≠ <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> Uhariri ≠ Uharabu '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 14:51, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) Please see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] you deleted only one KIGEZO page, please delete rest, there are much more to delete. '''[[Mtumiaji:96dudi69|96dudi69]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:96dudi69|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :OK. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, naona unapenda bango la mbegu litangulie tanbihi na marejeo, lakini si kawaida. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:58, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Aha sikuliona hilo kwa makala ambazo bango lilikuja chini ya marejeo halafu likafuatiwa na orodha ya marejeo ndio nilirekebisha. Basi ntafanya masahihisho kwa kuongeza (Reflist) chini ya marejeo ili mbegu ije chini baada ya orodha. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Kevin Nyerere / Kewin Nyerere == Now please delete all TWO instances of him since he is FICTION and FAKE, see: *https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere *https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Horcrux '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Duplicate == Please delete [[Δελτα]] and [[Majadiliano:Δελτα]], they are duplicates of [[Delta]] and [[Majadiliano:Delta]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 08:50, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Font Leak == See [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Muddyb#Font_Leak]] - Comic Sans MS font leak outside Muddyb signature fixed by me. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Editathon == Is true that EDITATHON was yesterday? Rather [[Wikimedia_Community_Kilimanjaro_2025-26_Monthly_Edit-a-thon/Event_Organizers_Toolkit|TRUE]]! I had some fixing afterwork, even from TEMP ACCOUNT set. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wotwo|Wotwo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wotwo|majadiliano]])''' 14:43, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Which one? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:55, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] Anakutesa tu huyo kaka. Duh! Pole! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:22, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:25, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Ndugu, umefuta <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wiki for Minority Tanzania 2025]]</nowiki> yenye makala kadhaa ambazo hivi sasa hazina jamii tena, na jamii mpya uliyoiunda kwa ajili yake ni tupu. Itabaki hivyo mpaka utakapobadili jamii lengwa katika kila makala husika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:37, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], ahsante kwa taarifa, ni kweli ni makosa ya kiufundi nimefanya kubadili jina la jamii na kisha kufuta jamii ya zamani, sikujua kama makala zitabaki yatima bila jamii. nitafanya juhudi ya kuzihamisha makala zote kwenye jamii mpya. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Viewer == Hi [[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]], nice to see you online in the chat :-) '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Hello @[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]], ahsante. I'm still familiarizing with the tool. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::That's great for your community. I can help you with the basics. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> ==Makabila== --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:55, 3 Mei 2026 (UTC)Ndugu, katika ukurasa kuhusu [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania]] umeongeza jedwali ambalo linaelekeza kila kitu kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiingereza kama kwamba ile ya Kiswahili isingekuwa na makala hazo, kumbe zipo. Naomba viungo vyote vielekeze kwenya kurasa za Kiswahili, kwa sababu zipo. Asante na amani kwako! :Ahsante Ndugu, bado niko naendelea kuboresha zaidi. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:39, 3 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Ile orodha ya awali ya makabila nimeifuta baada ya kuiunganisha na jedwali lako, ambalo bado nilifanyia kazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:28, 6 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], spidi yangu ilikua ndogo sababu ya changamoto kadhaa, hata hivyo kuna maelezo ya ziada (comments) kwenye orodha ya zamani nitaziweka kwenye jedwali. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:01, 6 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Ukurasa wa karibu == Huna haja ya kukaribisha watu. Tumeweka roboti la kukaribisha watu lenyewe linafanya kazi. Usihangaike. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:07, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) rmd88f3ehcmbsse6wfkw62ytq75qbkf 1549010 1548999 2026-05-23T11:19:57Z Czeus25 Masele 28489 /* Ukurasa wa karibu */ Jibu 1549010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:sw}}? Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:-XQV-|majadiliano]])''' 21:31, 20 Juni 2018 (UTC) Habari! The translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' is '''Onesha upya moja kwa moja''' Shukrani sana! '''[[Mtumiaji:Makangabila Clement|Makangabila Clement]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Makangabila Clement#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:17, 21 Juni 2018 (UTC) ==Mtumiaji:ChriKo== habari naona umesahihisha matini katika ukrasa wa ChriKo. Masahihisho haya ni sahihi. Lakini ka jumla hatuingii katika kurasa za watumiaji. Kila mmoja anajitambulisha jinsi anavyoona (na anavyoweza). Hii ni tofauti na makala anazotunga. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:39, 26 Novemba 2018 (UTC) ==Samahani sikua najua== Samahani mzee '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] sikujua utaratibu huu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' ==[[Ngw'anamalundi (Mwanamalundi)]]== Naona tumehariri wakati mmoja, naomba uangalie tena kile ulichohariri mwishoni, inawezekana nimeiharibu kwa bahati mbaya. Niliingiza vyanzo vinavyopatikana google books na OUT. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 4 Desemba 2018 (UTC) Sawa mzee nitaangalia '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' ==Samaki== [[Picha:Barb gonio 080526 9681 ltn Pv.jpg|thumb|90px|Pezi]] [[Picha:Tuna Gills in Situ 01.jpg|90px|thumb|Mashavu ya jodari]] Unaamini kweli [[samaki]] inavuta oksijeni kupitia [[pezi|mapezi]]?? Hii ingekuwa kazi ngumu mno, heri tumwachie mashavu! <br/> ona Kamusi sanifu ya Biolojia, Fizikia na Kemia (TUKI 2012³)<br/> '''''gill arch''' n taoshavu kigegedu,kiungo maalum katika shavu la samaki kinachofanana na upinde, na ambacho hutegemeza vijishavu ambapo kubadilishana kwa oksijeni na dioksidi kaboni hutokea.<br/> '''fin''' n pezi: kiungo katika wanyama wa inajini kama vile samaki ambacho hutokana na mkunjo wa ngozi na musuli uliotengenezwa na mifupa''<br/> TUKI English-Swahili dictionary ''gill n yavuyavu: shavu la samaki. Vt toa/tumbua mashavu (ya samaki) ''Kama ChriKo (PhD biolojia) ameshiriki katika makala, sijaona bado makosa mengi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 1 Machi 2020 (UTC) : Sawa Mzee Kipala, nadhani mapezi ni lugha jumuishi sana ila walau mashavu ya samaki inafaa zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:27, 2 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 17:18, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) :Nimekaribia! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo: Picha ya wiki == <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[Picha:Cow horned portrait.jpg|200px|Ng'ombe]] </div> '''[[Ng'ombe]]''' ni wanyama wakubwa wa jenasi [[Bos]]. Spishi ya ng'ombe ina nususpishi au aina nyingi lakini ni spishi moja tu. Ng'ombe hula manyasi na kutembea kwa vidole viwili. Asili yake ni aina za ng'ombe wa pori waliofugwa kwa sababu ya nyama na maziwa. Katika nchi nyingi anatumiwa pia kama mnyama wa mizigo anayevuta plau au magari. Wataalamu huamini ya kwamba aina zote za ng'ombe zina asili katika mashariki ya kati mnamo milenia ya 9 KK ambako watu waliwahi kuwafuga nas kutoka hapa ufugaji ng'ombe ulisambaa kote duniani. ==Picha== Asante kwa kuweka kumbukumbu hiyo ya warsha ya astronomia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:30, 9 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <br/> Karibu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Masanja== Kuna sababu ya kufuta picha ya V Masanja?'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 10 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Lugha za makabila ya Tanzania== Ndugu, hakuna haja ya kuanzisha jamii hiyo, inatosha [[:Jamii:Lugha za Tanzania|ile ya lugha za Tanzania]]. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:05, 13 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <br/> Sawa Ndungu. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:26, 13 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha wageni== Asante kwa kushiriki katika kukaribisha wageni. Nashukuru ukiendelea. Ila tu usisahau kutia sahihi kwa kuingiza yafuatayo: '''<nowiki>{{karibu}}~~~~ </nowiki>'''. Sahihi yako ambayo ni sehemu '''<big><nowiki>~~~~ </nowiki></big>''' inakuja pamoja na tarehe. Hii inatusaidia kujua baadaye ni lini kwamba mchangiaji amekaribishwa na kuelezwa kanuni zeti; ni msaada hasa tukilazimishwa kuchukua hatua dhidi ya mchangiaji: je aliweza kujua utaratibu kwa sababu amekaribishwa tayari au bado? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 23:27, 31 Julai 2020 (UTC) :Ahsante sana [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], niliweza kujua utaratibu baada ya kufatilia mabadiliko ya karibuni hivyo niliona jinsi ya kukaribisha watu.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 7 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za "Karibu"== Uliweka salamu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Mtumiaji:Oparanya_harvey]] badala ya ukurasa wa majadiliano. Naomba uhakikishe unapoweka. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:54, 8 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Sawa, ahsante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 23:14, 8 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Hongera ya kazi== Naona jisi unavyopiga mbio siku hizi, hongera sana. Ila kwenye namna ya kutafsiri usifuate mfano wa Kiingereza neno-kwa-neno. Mfano [[hijabu]] ulichukua sehemu hii yote ya alama za kifonetiki kuhusu matamshi kwa Kiingereza, ambayo ni bure kidogo maana anayetaka kuona haya aangalie upande wa enwiki, si kwetu (isipokuwa labda kama matamshi ya Kiingereza isizo kawaida, inaweza kuwa na maana mara chache). Vilevile kwa [[karani]] umetafsiri "white collar" ambayo inaleta maana tofauti. Nani anavaa "kola" kwa Kiswahili? Hata kwa Kiingereza si maana asilia tena (kola kama sehemu ya vazi inayofungwa kwenye shati yako, jinsi ilivyo kwa wachungaji hadi leo, lakini nje ya magauni kadhaa ya wanawake "collar" yenyewe haipo tena) lakini inaeleweka kwa watu wanaofanya kazi ofisini kutokana na desturi ya zamani kubadilisha ile "kola nyeupe" iwe safi ilhali hujaosha shati kila siku. Kutafsiri kamwe ni neno kwa neno lakini kuonyesha maana. Sina wasiwasi, utapata uzoefu! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:25, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Kwa Marejeo usisahau kuweka chini yake msimbo wa '''<nowiki> <references/> </nowiki>''' , itahakikisha tanbihi zinaonekana mahali panapotakiwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :: Ahsante sana [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], nitazidi kujifunza kuboresha zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:26, 10 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]<font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:43, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Majadiliano ya ufutaji== Ukichangia kuhusu ufutaji wa makala, usiandike pekee kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano ya makala, usisahau kuipeleka pia kwenye ukurasa wa ufutaji, maana maazimio yanafanywa pale. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:43, 14 Septemba 2020 (UTC) :Sawa, nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:47, 14 Septemba 2020 (UTC) == Jamii Forums == '''JamiiForums''' ni [[mtandao wa kijamii]] maarufu zaidi nchini [[Tanzania]] ulioanzishwa rasmi mwaka [[2006]] mwezi Machi ikiwa na waanzilishi wawili, [[Maxence Melo]] na [[Mike Mushi]] ambao walijuana kupitia mtandao wakati ambao mtandao ukiwa dubwana geni si tu Tanzania lakini sehemu kubwa ya dunia, wakati huo ikijulikana kama Jambo Forums na jina hilo lilidumu kwa miaka miwili pekee. === '''Historia''' === ==== '''Uanzilishi''' ==== JamboForums ilikuja baada ya kuwa na majukwaa mbalimbali kama Tanzania Economic Forum, Habari Tanzania, Jambo Network, Jambo Radio na Jambo Videos. Kila tovuti ilikuwa na malengo tofauti lakini yote yakilenga kuwahudumia watu wa nyanja husika kuweza kupata sehemu ya kusemea au kubadilishana mawazo. Lengo kuu la JF likiwa ni kuanzisha Jamvi moja ambapo wadau watakutana na kubadilishana mawazo huku wakikubali kutokubaliana (utofauti wa mawazo) na kujenga mijadala endelevu. Katika Jambo Network (jambonetwork.com) au JamboRadio.com mijadala ilikuwa kwa mtindo wa chat ambapo hakukuwa na kumbukumbu baada ya mjadala, hii ilipelekea mijadala mingi kuwa inarudiwa na kusababisha kukosa mwelekeo kabisa. Katika uanzilishi lengo kubwa lilikuwa kuwafikia wazungumzaji wa kiswahili wa eneo la Maziwa Makuu na hata watumiaji wengi wa Kiingereza lakini wenye kupenda kujua habari za ukanda huu. Mkusanyiko wa majukwaa haya ulipelekea kuwa na kusanyiko moja ambalo kwa wakati huo (2006) liliitwa JamboForums.com, jina ambalo lilitumika hadi mwezi Mei 2008 ==== '''Mabadiliko ya jina''' ==== Mwaka 2008 yalifanyika maamuzi ya haraka na ya lazima kwa wakati huo kwa kubadili jina kutoka Jambo Forums kwenda JamiiForums. Jina la JamiiForums lilichagizwa na kubakia na kifupi cha JF kutoka kuwakilisha neno JamboForums na sasa kuwakilisha neno JamiiForums. Jina lililazimika kubadilishwa kutokana na mgongano wa matumizi ya jina la JamboForums ambapo lilikuwa halijachukuliwa haki miliki (copyrights) za jina ingawa baadaye walifanikiwa kulimiliki kihalali. Uongozi haukutaka kusimamisha moja kwa moja matumizi ya JF hivyo wakafikiria jina mbadala la JamboForums na kubaini kuwa tayari hili kusanyiko la wadau ni kusanyiko la Jamii, na bado Jamii ilikuwa ikiendelea kutunza JF kama wengi wanavyopenda kufupisha. ==== '''Madhumuni ya kuanzisha JF''' ==== Lengo kubwa la uanzishwaji wa JF likiwa ni kuwafikia wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili wa eneo la Maziwa Makuu na hata watumiaji wengi wa Kiingereza lakini wenye kupenda kujua habari za ukanda huu kwa kutoa uwanja huru wa kujadili kwa wanachama wake ambao sio shuruti kutumia majina yao halisi. === '''Mafanikio''' === Kwa miaka yote iliyodumu, Jamiiforums imekuwa msaada katika nyanja nyingi ikiwemo siasa, michezo, afya, habari na hasa habari mtambuka. Mtandao wa JamiiForums unatoa fursa ya kipekee ya kujadili habari na hoja mbalimbali badala ya habari kulishwa kwa upande mmoja. JamiiForums imetoa fursa kwa wananchi wa kawaida kujadiliana na viongozi wa juu katika serikali na taasisi mbalimbali pia watu maarufu katika jamii ambao kwa namna moja au nyingine ingekuwa ngumu kwao kuwapata. Mfano watu maarufu ni mwanasiasa mkongwe wa Tanzania ambae alipata kuwa katibu mkuu wa chama kikuu cha upinzani Tanzania na kuwania urais mwaka 2010, Dr. [[Wilbrod Peter Slaa]], [[Mwigulu Nchemba]] ambae aliwahi kuwa naibu wizara ya fedha na mgombea aliekuwa anawania kupewa tiketi ya Urais kwa niaba ya chama tawala, chama cha Mapinduzi, aliekuwa naibu katibu mkuu chama cha demokrasia na maendeleo ([[CHADEMA]]) [[Kabwe Zuberi Zitto]] pia baadhi ya taasisi kubwa nchini kama TCRA ambao ni wadhibiti wa mawasiliano Tanzania. JamiiForums kutokana kuwa na wanachama wa aina mbalimbali ina wataalam waliobobea katika fani mbalimbali ambao wanaweza kutoa majibu ya kitaalamu kulingana na fani zao ambapo si ajabu muhusika angelipia kama wangekutana ofisini ama kuibiwa. Mifano inajumuisha ujenzi, afya, teknologia pia inajumuisha uchambuzi makini katika siasa na chaguzi za miaka nenda rudi kwa kutoa mawazo mbadala na kufikisha sauti za watu wasioweza kusikika. ===Mfano wa mijadala JamiiForums=== '''[https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/elimutiba-jinsi-ya-kujieleza-kwa-daktari.382399/ ELIMUTIBA: Jinsi ya kujieleza kwa Daktari]''' [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/yaliyojiri-bungeni-ijumaa-28-novemba-2014-hatma-ya-sakata-la-tegeta-escrow-account.765731/ '''Yaliyojiri Bungeni: Ijumaa, 28 Novemba 2014 (Hatma ya Sakata la Tegeta ''Escrow'' Account)'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/walimu-kwa-wale-wanaotaka-kubadilishana-vituo-vya-kazi.417341/ '''WALIMU: Kwa wale wanaotaka kubadilishana vituo vya kazi'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/kitabu-gani-ambacho-kimewahi-kubadilisha-maisha-yako-na-unatamani-wengine-tukisome.647294/ '''Kitabu gani ambacho kimewahi kubadilisha maisha yako na unatamani wengine tukisome?'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/majibu-ya-waziri-mwigulu-nchemba-kuhusu-tuhuma-za-kughushi-vyeti-vya-taaluma-kuiba-jina.1133661/ '''Majibu ya Waziri Mwigulu Nchemba kuhusu tuhuma za kughushi vyeti vya taaluma, kuiba jina'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/mahojiano-ya-moja-kwa-moja-na-mhe-zitto-zuberi-kabwe-katika-jamiiforums.357439/ '''Mahojiano ya moja kwa moja na Mhe. Zitto Zuberi Kabwe katika JamiiForums'''] [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/kwa-wazazi-na-walezi-mada-maalum-ya-watoto.1002067/ '''Kwa wazazi na walezi: Mada maalum ya watoto'''] === '''Chanzo/uthibitishaji habari JamiiForums''' === Hili kwa muda mrefu limekuwa swali kwa watu wengi kwa jinsi gani JamiiForums wanadhibiti habari za uongo na nini chanzo cha habari zao. JamiiForums ni mtandao wa kijamii na si gazeti wala redio lakini utofauti wake wenyewe wameweka wahariri ambao kazi yao kubwa ni kusimamia sheria za majadiliano walizojiwekea lakini pia ikiwekwa habari na wanachama wake inayotiliwa shaka basi hufatilia na kuthibisha au kubatilisha. === '''FikraPevu''' === Kuongeza ufanisi na uhakika wa habari zake, kilianzishwa kitengo maalum kinachohusika na habari ambapo huaririwa na waandishi na kuchapishwa kwenye mtandao wa www.FikraPevu.com ambapo ni gazeti mahsusi la mtandaoni kwani kuwazuia watu kuweka habari mpaka uthibitisho kwenye JamiiForums ilionekana ni ukirikitimba na ungeelekea kwenye mkwamo. Wanachama wa JF wamekuwa waungwana na pale ambapo mwanachama mwenzao akipotosha basi kuna nafasi ya kuripoti ili usawa uwekwe. === '''Takwimu''' === Kwa mwaka 2012 JamiiForums ilikuwa na wanachama zaidi ya 100,000 na kupata watembeleaji 50,000 kila siku. Kulingana na mtandao wa statscrop.com ambao hupima tovuti mbalimbali, JamiiForums ina thamani ya $3,182,721. === '''Wanachama wakongwe''' === Pamoja na JF kuwa na wanachama wengi lakini wapo wanachama walioanza tangu JamboForums inaanza mwaka 2006 na wangine wamekuwa nayo kwa takriban miaka kumi sasa. Mafano wa wanachama hao ni Mzee Mwanakijiji, Rev. Kishoka, Augustine Moshi, Kyoma, Mwawado, Mkandara, Kibunango, Steve Dii Mwafrika wa Kike, Kichuguu Choveki Masatu Masanja Quemu Mlalahoi Mtanzania Bibi Ntilie Game Theory jmushi1 Zakumi Moelex23 na wengineo wengi. === '''JamiiForums kwenye mitandao ya kijamii''' === Pamoja na kuwa mtandao wa kijamii maarufu zaidi ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki wenye asili ya Tanzania, JamiiForums inazo kurasa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii kama Facebook ikiwa na wafuatiliaji wengi zaidi Afrika Mashariki takribani 3,200,000 mpaka September 2019 pia JamiiForums ina kurasa yake katika mtandao wa Twitter na Instagram. [[Jamii:Mawasiliano]]. ==Futa== Kuna Pendekezo la ufutaji wa Makala uliyoanzisha, hivyo unaweza kuiboresha zaidi ili kuepushwa kufutwa. ==[[Majadiliano:Jihadi]]== Nimerudisha matini ya [[mtumiaji:JJOSY2000]], maana si vizuri tukijaribu kuficha ukosoaji. Akikosoa (bila matusi, bila fujo) ni haki yake, hata kama sababu anazoleta ni dhaifu na mabadiliko aliyoleta hayawezi kubaki maana anaanza kugusa uwanja wa mahubiri. Sitashughulika usiku huu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:15, 18 Januari 2021 (UTC) :Sawa, ahsante kwa taarifa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:12, 19 Januari 2021 (UTC) == Boot Camps article == This is my first try and you guys attack me instant. I know is some kind robotic but Im working on it plus to add more sources. Just give me a chance. I will proof read it until tommorow and add more citations. :You seems passionate [[user:Crapalan‬]] and thats a good start. But we can't keep such article not knowing when you gonna improve it. Next time try to pe patient and perfect the article before publishing. You may have as more practices into your sandbox as many times as you can. Peaceful!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:28, 1 Juni 2021 (UTC) == [[Kituo cha reli Luebeck Travemuende Strand]] == Hello Bro, I d like to ask you if you could check the grammar of this article please? I am in a starters level in Kiswahili yet and for sure I wrote some typos. Thank you! Alex. [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 20:42, 24 Agosti 2021 (UTC) :Okay I will check '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:14, 24 Agosti 2021 (UTC) We can finish up the article together if you want, I know the station and the district. You know the Kiswahili language. [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 11:44, 25 Agosti 2021 (UTC) : Okay, please login or share username so as I can contact you easily to help you with the translation. Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:45, 25 Agosti 2021 (UTC) You can email me directly to denjakvienna@gmail.com please. What informations do you want to addict into this article? [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 11:35, 26 Agosti 2021 (UTC) Bro could you help me to translate some words because google translate gives stuff only, how would you call: * timetable * network map * ticket validators * equipment In Kiswahili? Regards, Alex [[Maalum:Michango/87.153.174.166|87.153.174.166]] 22:01, 27 Agosti 2021 (UTC) * timetable ( Ratiba) * network map (Mchoro wa ramani ya mtandao) * ticket validators (Wakatisha tiketi/Wakaguzi wa tiketi)) * equipment (Kifaa) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:16, 27 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> :Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:59, 5 Januari 2022 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Czeus25 Masele}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:12, 14 Machi 2022 (UTC) == [[King Kikii]] == Original state of "King Kikii" contains nothing but misspellings of it as Kiki with SINGLE "i". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 09:56, 23 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie]]; please refer below: :[[King Kikii|Tanzanian rumba maestro King Kikii passes away at 77 | The Citizen]] [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-18927|&#126;2024-18927]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-18927|talk]]) 13:01, 25 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> :Ni wazo zuri likiwa na faida juu ya kuwezesha wachangiaji wasiopenda kujisajiri. Japo nina mapendekezo akaunti hizi ziangaliwe upya ili kuzuia waharibifu wa mtandao, pendekezo ni kwamba hizi akaunti za muda ziwe na mipaka ya matumizi (mfano: idadi ya hariri, muda wa kuwepo. Akaunti lazima zipangiliwe vizuri ili zisitumike vibaya au kuharibu kazi za jamii ya Wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Talk Page == Why would you delete my talk page? About Morisi, I moved Mauritius (Not Mauritania) to Morisi. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:13, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Ancient Sorcerous Empire == WikiBayer - is NOT guardian angel, it is ANNONRIAL/RAVERNAL pure evil: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Gayle157#Elephant_in_Porcelain_Shop]] READ debunking of WikiBayer reverts. '''[[Mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == samahani naitwa janeth john == nimeona umefuta makala yangu iitwayo"understandable way to open source technology" ningependa kujua kwanini umefuta maana nina hiitaji nnashida nayo '''[[Mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO|JANETH JOHN LUTENGANO]] Jibu ni rahisi. Hii ni Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, huo Uzungu unafuata nini hapa? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:48, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Delete == What is wrong with you? Why do you delete pages just anyhow , Like why did you delete the redirect to Vita za Israeli-Irani [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:55, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Habari! :Nimefuta redirection kwa sababu tayari ukurasa umehamishwa, hakuna haja ya kuwa na makala iliyokosewa jina kipindi inaanzishwa. labda :kama ingekuwa makala iliyofutwa inafanania sana na ilikohamishiwa na kuwa makala iliyofutwa ni maarufu ama ndio jina linalojulikana sana. Mfano Makala iliyofutwa ingekua Aguahrz ila watu wanafahamu zaidi Chronist basi redirection ya Chrosist ingebaki. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:08, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::That's not how it works, ::You don't delete redirects after a page is moved, This is because it preserves History, It also prevents broken links since there are page linking to that redirect . ::Also the redirect page you delete wasn't as a result of page move i created it for alternative names, ::Its just like how Iran redirects to Irani , That doesn't mean you delete the redirect , [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:04, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Hapo zamani niliwahi kusimamia zoezi la editorthon, vijana wapya walikua wakipata mafunzo jinsi ya kuandika makala kwenye boksi la mchanga na kisha kuichapisha makala, vijana wengi waliandika vichwa vya makala na kuweka kituo kikubwa mwishoni mwa jina la makala. Mwalimu wetu alitufundisha kanuni za uandishi na jisi ya kuhamisha makala hizo kwa kuondoa kituo kikubwa mwishoni mwa makala zenye makosa. kisha makala yenye makosa (redirect) zilifutwa. Sio kila redirect ina maana kubaki au la basi mradi huu usingefikia ubora ulionao. kama wachangiaji tutaendelea kuboresha kadiri inavyofaa kulingana na kanuni za mradi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:56, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::Bro, You are wrong you need to read [[en:Wikipedia:Redirect/Deletion reasons|WP:Redirect/Delete Reasons]] :::::The redirect page i created was for alternative name to ensure readers find the article easily. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="fontfamily: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 16:49, 25 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Indentations == Please do NOT waste indent steps by multiple ":" at once. Single step suffices, and on contrary, it looks like long tabulation. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:25, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Thanks :'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::You again forgot it. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:27, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I see, I'm used to start with : in reply for a single step (old version). I have noticed now when you reply there is a single step created automatically. So much have changes in Wiki, again thanks. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Misclassification == Since [[Mtumiaji:Peter Born lȣ]] is ALREADY belonging to MASSIVE [[:Jamii:Akaunti bandia za NyinaWaJambo]] group of accounts, '''[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]]''' should be tagged as SOCK of "NyinaWaJambo" as well, but '''NOT''' to single-member "Peter Born lȣ" subgroup. Please change in '''[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]]''' "Peter Born lȣ" string to "NyinaWaJambo" string to avoid single-member [[:Jamii:Akaunti bandia za Peter Born lȣ]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:35, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :I will work on it.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Czeus25 Masele}} [[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]] is '''admin-only''', still nothing changed, simply please fix as said HERE, from "Peter Born lȣ" to "NyinaWaJambo", since Gayle obviously triggered DISRUPTIVE single-member recursing subcategory. '''[[Mtumiaji:CLA 245|CLA 245]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CLA 245|majadiliano]])''' 11:45, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::[[Mtumiaji:FIutureIA]] begs correction. You forgot IT. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|majadiliano]])''' 13:37, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::I'm investigating '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:40, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I will investigate for you. If '''FIutureIA''' is sock of '''Peter Born lȣ''' who in turn is sock of '''NyinaWaJambo''', then '''FIutureIA''' is too sock of '''NyinaWaJambo'''. '''DITCH INTERMEDIATE STEP'''. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[Mtumiaji:Gaël Clän|Gaël Clän]] Lol, You are too ironic, Cut the pretence.! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:42, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == I am not PORN monger == They globally locked my "Clän Gaël" account thinking I describe bytes of PORN online. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-83683|&#126;2025-83683]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-83683|talk]]) 13:26, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :[[w:en:Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block|Wikipedia:Appealing a block - Wikipedia]]'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:28, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::English Wikipedia is UNRELATED. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-82776|&#126;2025-82776]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-82776|talk]]) 13:33, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::It works '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:38, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::ENGLISH wikipedia is NOT "META"! And META people are very LOFTY. 90% chance for request defeat. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-85053|&#126;2025-85053]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-85053|talk]]) 14:04, 26 Juni 2025 (UTC) == [[Special:Contribs/Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]] == You should know what "[[template:Karibu]]" boilerplate says. She does since weeks '''recurring breaching''' of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. Administrative action needed. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-24870-7|&#126;2025-24870-7]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-24870-7|talk]]) 08:20, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-24870-7|~2025-24870-7]] Can you make your english simple?'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:29, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) You too should admonish her as '''admin'''. Many '''non'''-admin people tell her to stop going against [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]] and she ignores that STUBBORNLY, see: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25146-2|&#126;2025-25146-2]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25146-2|talk]]) 08:49, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Thanks. As any contributor you can do correction of any article that has not been restricted by admins, hence whenever there is an article you see not fit please do some improvement, add a banner addressing the issues of it it is for deletion add it on deletion list. Also do not hesitate to point out what was done wrong by the contributor in their talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Maryam Saleh Abeid]] - "What Was Done Wrong" already there and she still blatantly ignores all that. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:25, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :usichoke kurekebisha makosa, ila endapo atafanya mabadiliko ya kuondoa kwa makusudi masahihisho yatakayofanywa ataonywa na kuchukuliwa hatua. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Vyanzo == There is <nowiki>{{vyanzo}}</nowiki> full boilerplate instead of misapplied inline version. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-24742-3|&#126;2025-24742-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-24742-3|talk]]) 09:00, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :1.Add <nowiki>{{Futa}}</nowiki> - if suggesting deleting the article ref: [[:Jamii:Makala zenye matatizo|Jamii:Makala zenye matatizo - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru]] :2.add <nowiki>{{Chanzo}}</nowiki> - if an article has no reference '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Futa}}</nowiki> is WRONG,it does NOT support <nowiki>{{Futa|Reason}}</nowiki>, so use <nowiki>{{Delete|Reason}}</nowiki> instead. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:21, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :<nowiki>{{Chanzo}}</nowiki> is wrong, it creates PETIT inline. TO cover whole article, better is <nowiki>{{Vyanzo}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:22, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) Thanks for clarification '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :[[Kigezo:Db-meta]] contains UPDATED code supporting <nowiki>{{Delete|Reason}}</nowiki> syntax. Please copy its code into [[Kigezo:Futa]] which is obsolete since years. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] == Obvious behavior akin to '''SOVIET COMMISSAR''', [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-32681-1]] was OK! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-33265-3|&#126;2025-33265-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-33265-3|talk]]) 19:45, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:56, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Dogo Janja == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogo_Janja&diff=1444388&oldid=1444308 R.R. agreed finally with mine blank!] So can thou lift BLOCK from "Dogo Janja" account now? '''[[Mtumiaji:Janja Dogo|Janja Dogo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Janja Dogo|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Done! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:18, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == MIS-conceptions == [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] should contain '''ONLY''' pages condemned for SPEEDY DELETE like vandalism, etc..., so do NOT use <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> nor <nowiki>{{delete|REASON}}</nowiki>, but instead always use <nowiki>{{vyanzo}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 14:49, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC) It is example of FUTA purpose. [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]] wants her userpage permanently deleted so META-hosted userpage will show. Delete [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]] for real as she wish please. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-40114-5|&#126;2025-40114-5]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-40114-5|talk]]) 12:17, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Thank you. {{Ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} do I have the rights to perform this action? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] Usijisumbue. Ni wasumbufu wa mjini. Anakuja na jina jipya kila siku. Hicho atakacho hakina faida yoyote kwa kamusi yetu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:16, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Use <nowiki>{{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}}</nowiki> instead, bare "@" is notifying '''NOBODY'''. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-40539-0|&#126;2025-40539-0]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-40539-0|talk]]) 13:50, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-40539-0|~2025-40539-0]] Si kweli. Ukiweka @ inamjulisha kama ametajwa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:16, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Wabheja! @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]]'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:38, 16 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Really please delete both [[Lvova]] and [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]], she wants that to be deleted since her META user page https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lvova does not show from META into THIS wiki. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 15:29, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:45, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo:User Wikimania == Jambo. Sorry for writing in English. Could you please tell me whether my translation on [[Kigezo:User Wikimania]] is correct? ''This user participated in Wikimania {{{1}}}.'' → ''Mtumiaji huyu alishiriki katika Wikimania {{{1}}}.'' Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 16:52, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Habari! Yes your translation is correct, and thank you for creating that. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:56, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Reverts == Use REVERT not ROLLBACK, so it will permit edit summary editing. Please write in EDIT summary meaningful reasons instead of using constant [[Maasai]]... mantra, example: https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yericko_Nyerere&action=history In this way TEMP ACCOUNTS will understand what is going. Your and not only your habit should be changed permanently. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:46, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :What should have been written in that matter give me an example. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) In this case, instead of [[Maasai]]... HIHI HIHI... there should be written in edit summary: "ji jambo jemba kuendelea kuhariri makala, ila kumbuka unapoongeza taarifa fulani inahitaji chanzo kuthibitisha" Analogously other reasons in other cases. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :majadiliano |michango |zuia|'''rejesha'''|asante this is what I see and I normally use the bolded one '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:53, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Simply use "tengua" inside edit history instead of "rejesha" to be able to insert custom edit summaries. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :We cannot trust outsiders, even established ones. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uhandisi_wa_reli&diff=1459836&oldid=1459268 WTF]? English vandalisms restored? FYI: already reverted. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wotwo|Wotwo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wotwo|majadiliano]])''' 14:08, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Misplaced Articles == If trivial page is obstruction, delete it first. Please ALWAYS move articles misplaced on talks and userpages to ARTICLE SPACE, see [[special:contribs/Geoffrey_Kurara]]. Do NOT copypaste, it is to preserve edit history for having all contributors listed there, it is required by WMF licensing terms. '''[[Mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|Geoffrey Kurara]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 21 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Old Account == Please unblock "Jumanne Rajabu", it was overblow - ONE YEAR, i am sorry for newbie error. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 15:52, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Are you the real J4? I know he wouldn't edit his own article and without credible source. Ok 1 year was not overblow but to showcase this trend of people editing their own articles. Appology accepted. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:01, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Of course I am the same as "Jumanne Rajabu", and this BAN-ana expected to be lifted ASAP, makes my old account useless to talk with you and R.R. on their own userpages. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 16:03, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Alternatively, you can BAN-anize old "Jumanne Rajabu" account for ever. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 16:10, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :I know you can still write on your userpage ref [[:en:Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block|Wikipedia:Appealing a block - Wikipedia]] and you can appeal your block here [[:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|Wikipedia:Unblock wizard - Wikipedia]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:22, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) I do not need any Wizards nor Witchs and that all is on ENGLISH wikipedia separate from SWAHILI wikipedia. Simply YOU please unblock my old account when YOU accepted my apology. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|Jumane Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jumane Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :You can still appeal if you think it was unfair block. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] It's time for soul finding. Do not waste your energy on minor issues. You did your part, let the ball roll on its own. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 19:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :::Wakola! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:06, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Explanation == META is one wiki, ENGLISH wikipedia is other wiki, SWAHILI is current wiki, GERMAN wikipedia is different wiki, etc... Telling someone to do something outside SWAHILI wiki instead locally here I do not understand. SWAHILI wiki does not contain any advanced bureaucratic scripts nor wizards, and direct addressing on talk is sole way here. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) It is NOT related to current SW-wiki at all. Yes, using of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard]] will cause ENGLISH admins only to conclude that blockee is NOT blocked at all on ENGLISH wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|Geoffrey Kurara]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Geoffrey Kurara|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Futa == [[:template:futa]] is nothing but '''disfunctional deficiency''', unable to convey "delete reason". Please copy full code from [[:template:db-meta]] into adminprotected [[:template:futa]] so "delete reason" will be since NOW supported. '''[[Mtumiaji:Reliwei|Reliwei]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Reliwei|majadiliano]])''' 08:39, 4 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:49, 4 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mchizi Petro]] == From protected [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mchizi Petro]] please BLANK all lines between: "Thank you" and "== Mchizi Petro ==" it is ARTICLE COPY unsuitable for talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 08:02, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Sure.'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) So please DELETE it now wholly. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 18:05, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :It’s deleted '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == ABBEY == Please see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] you deleted only one ABBEY page, please delete rest, there are much more to delete. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 20:02, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Some pages needs improvement and you can do improvement to rescue them. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 03:46, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Kigezo == <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> ≠ <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> Uhariri ≠ Uharabu '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 14:51, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) Please see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] you deleted only one KIGEZO page, please delete rest, there are much more to delete. '''[[Mtumiaji:96dudi69|96dudi69]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:96dudi69|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :OK. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, naona unapenda bango la mbegu litangulie tanbihi na marejeo, lakini si kawaida. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:58, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Aha sikuliona hilo kwa makala ambazo bango lilikuja chini ya marejeo halafu likafuatiwa na orodha ya marejeo ndio nilirekebisha. Basi ntafanya masahihisho kwa kuongeza (Reflist) chini ya marejeo ili mbegu ije chini baada ya orodha. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Kevin Nyerere / Kewin Nyerere == Now please delete all TWO instances of him since he is FICTION and FAKE, see: *https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere *https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Horcrux '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Duplicate == Please delete [[Δελτα]] and [[Majadiliano:Δελτα]], they are duplicates of [[Delta]] and [[Majadiliano:Delta]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 08:50, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :This was done. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Font Leak == See [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Muddyb#Font_Leak]] - Comic Sans MS font leak outside Muddyb signature fixed by me. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Editathon == Is true that EDITATHON was yesterday? Rather [[Wikimedia_Community_Kilimanjaro_2025-26_Monthly_Edit-a-thon/Event_Organizers_Toolkit|TRUE]]! I had some fixing afterwork, even from TEMP ACCOUNT set. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wotwo|Wotwo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wotwo|majadiliano]])''' 14:43, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Which one? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:55, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] Anakutesa tu huyo kaka. Duh! Pole! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:22, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:25, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Ndugu, umefuta <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wiki for Minority Tanzania 2025]]</nowiki> yenye makala kadhaa ambazo hivi sasa hazina jamii tena, na jamii mpya uliyoiunda kwa ajili yake ni tupu. Itabaki hivyo mpaka utakapobadili jamii lengwa katika kila makala husika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:37, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], ahsante kwa taarifa, ni kweli ni makosa ya kiufundi nimefanya kubadili jina la jamii na kisha kufuta jamii ya zamani, sikujua kama makala zitabaki yatima bila jamii. nitafanya juhudi ya kuzihamisha makala zote kwenye jamii mpya. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Viewer == Hi [[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]], nice to see you online in the chat :-) '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Hello @[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]], ahsante. I'm still familiarizing with the tool. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::That's great for your community. I can help you with the basics. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> ==Makabila== --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:55, 3 Mei 2026 (UTC)Ndugu, katika ukurasa kuhusu [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania]] umeongeza jedwali ambalo linaelekeza kila kitu kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiingereza kama kwamba ile ya Kiswahili isingekuwa na makala hazo, kumbe zipo. Naomba viungo vyote vielekeze kwenya kurasa za Kiswahili, kwa sababu zipo. Asante na amani kwako! :Ahsante Ndugu, bado niko naendelea kuboresha zaidi. Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:39, 3 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Ile orodha ya awali ya makabila nimeifuta baada ya kuiunganisha na jedwali lako, ambalo bado nilifanyia kazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:28, 6 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], spidi yangu ilikua ndogo sababu ya changamoto kadhaa, hata hivyo kuna maelezo ya ziada (comments) kwenye orodha ya zamani nitaziweka kwenye jedwali. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:01, 6 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Ukurasa wa karibu == Huna haja ya kukaribisha watu. Tumeweka roboti la kukaribisha watu lenyewe linafanya kazi. Usihangaike. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:07, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante natesti mitambo '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:19, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) rxgcxn55o4tyg3c5pwh0pjrffb9ke7z 0 95926 1548666 1532598 2026-05-22T23:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:SaintEmeric.jpg|thumb|150px|Mt. Emeriko wa Hungaria.]] '''Emeriko wa Hungaria''' (pia: '''Henricus, Emery, Emerick, Emmerich, Emericus, Americus'''; kwa [[Kihungaria]]: '''Szent Imre herceg'''; [[Székesfehérvár]], [[1007]] hivi &ndash; [[Sălard|Hegyközszentimre]], [[2 Septemba]] [[1031]]) alikuwa [[mtoto]] pekee wa [[mfalme]] [[Stefano wa Hungaria|Stefano I wa Hungaria]] ambaye alifikia [[ujana]]<ref name="BBKL">Sauser E, Biographisch-bibliograophisches Kirchenlexikon (German, title transl. "Biographic-bibliographic encyclopaedia of the Roman Catholic church") Vol XXI, pub. Bautz, 2003, ISBN 3-88309-038-7</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92148</ref>. Emeriko alilelewa [[kitawa]] na [[Mbenedikto]] [[Gerard wa Csanád]] ili amrithi [[baba]] yake kama mfalme<ref>Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 289-291</ref>. Alioa [[mwaka]] [[1022]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HUNGARY.htm#Imredied1031|title=HUNGARY KINGS|publisher=Foundation of Medieval Genealogy|work=Medieval Lands|author=Charles Cawley|accessdate=12 June 2010|archive-date=2012-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223201358/http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HUNGARY.htm#Imredied1031|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kumbe alifariki wakati wa [[uwindaji]]. Mwaka [[1083]] [[Papa Gregori VII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]], hasa [[tarehe]] [[4 Novemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>, lakini pia [[5 Novemba]] na [[4 Septemba]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1007]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1031]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Hungaria]] c36h9cgzkzos8jia3vx6q8ke899jiq0 3 131903 1548318 1547790 2026-05-22T12:44:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Uislamu */ 1548318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 19 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Habari ndugu Anuary Rajabu Hongera sana kwa jitihada zako za kuhariri katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, jaribu kupitia sana ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuweza kuona baadhi ya makala zako na namna zinavyoendelea kuboreshwa, na utumie maboresho hayo katika makala zako nyingine. Amani sana kwako. Idd ninga'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 22:58, 23 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Volkeno== Ndugu naona tunaingiliana kwenye makala kuhusu [[Chamko la volkeno]]. Sijamaliza bado. Ushauri ni: uangalie historia ya makala; kama imehaririwa dakika chache zilizopita, kuna uwezekano mhariri bado anaendelea.. Kwa hiyo heri kusibiri hadi kesho. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Ooh Sawa kiongozi nimekuelwa Samahani kwa hilo, Nitafanya hivo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:17, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Jina la Mtu== Salamu Anuary Rajabu Unaweza kuangalia katika makala zako zenye majina ya watu na kuona baadhi ya mabadiliko hasa ya masahihisho ya jina, kwa kawaida unapoandika jina la mtu inafaa kabisa jina liandikwe kwa herufi kubwa badala ya ndogo, unaweza kuona namna majina ya makala zako yalivyobadilishwa, hongera kwa juhudi unazofanya, endelea kujifunza zaidi, [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]]) == Nimekuzuia siku 3 == Ndugu, uliondoa vigezo vya umaarufu, vyanz na futa kutoka ukurasa wa [[Melody Mbassa]], bila maelezo yoyote. Hapa umeingilia katika kazi ya usimamizi wa wikipedia hii. Nimekuzuia sasa kwa siku 3, huwezi kuhariri kwa siku hizo. Unaweza kujieleza kwenye ukurasa huu hapa. Ukiweza kutaja sababu zinazoeleweka naweza kuondoa kizuizi.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) Naomba kusamehewa,nilikua sijui kuhusu hilo lakini kwa kuwa kiongozi wangu ameweza kunielekeza kuhusu hilo, sitoweza kufanya hivo tena kwani mie sio mjuzi sana katika uhariri wa makala. Hivo nimeweza kujifunza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Asante kwa kujibu. Nimekufungua. Ila bado hujasema kwa nini uliondoa vigezo vile? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:57, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) == Can you help me correct an article? Thank you! == Hello, {{Ping|Anuary Rajabu}}! I wrote an article on Andrea Benetti, a well-known Italian artist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti_(artist). I used the automatic translator to make a draft https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13 . Could you help me correct the text and add the infobox with the photo at the beginning and the categories at the bottom? Unfortunately I don't know the language and I am not able to do it ... Thanks for what you can do, see you soon, --'''[[Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|BarbaraLuciano13]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 19 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Marekebisho== Salamu Anuary, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisar_Elsaeed kuna sehemu umeandika kuwa Entisari ni mwanaharakati wa kutetea Wanawake, lakini katika makala hii ukasema kuwa Elsaeed na taasisi yake walilenga katika kuongeza unyanyasaji wa wanawake majumbani, nafikiri kuwa ulitaka kuandika kupunguza, sasa cha kufanya pitia makala yake ni kuifanyia marekebishom, tazama katika makala ya kiingereza nini kilichoandikwa,Amani sana'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 18:34, 9 Machi 2022 (UTC) :sawa kiongozi nimeelewa nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 10 Machi 2022 (UTC) ==Hongera== Anuary naona siku hizi unaleta michango mingi yenye thamani. Naona umeshika vizuri fomati ya wikipedia. Nakupa Hongera! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) ::Pamoja na pongezi, naomba uangalie makala zenyewe: kweli tunahitaji kutetea ushoga? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:13, 29 Machi 2022 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kufanyia doria makala nyingi. Mimi nimezidiwa. Ila naomba uondoe tanbihi za Wikipedia ya Kiingereza na hasa jamii nyingi mno. Unakuta makala ya mwanamuziki wa Nigeria ina jamii:Sanaa ya Afrika! kama si Jamii:Afrika! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:14, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) ::::Asante sana, nitajitahidi kufanya hivyo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) == JAMII za Muziki Aziingiliani na michezo == Amani kwako ndugu, kuwa makini wakati unachagua jamii ya kuweka kwenye makala,acha kuunganisha jamii ya muziki na makala za mchezo wa Mpira wa miguu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 19:41, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ukumbusho nadhani ni suala la kujisahau tu katika ukopiji wa jamii wakati wa kuchapisha makala, hivo nitazipitia makala zangu zote ili kurekebisha makosa hayo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:54, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2022 - Local prize winners == <div style="border:8px brown ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations for winning a local prize in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition. Thank you for your contribution and documenting your local folk culture on Wikipedia. Please fill in your preferences before 15th of June 2022 to receive your prize. Requesting you to fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] before the deadline to avoid disappointments. Feel free to [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|contact us]] if you need any assistance or further queries. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|FNF 2022 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 22 Mei 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23312270 --> == Reminder to provide information - Feminism and Folklore 2022 == Dear User The Google form to submit information of winners during the 2022 edition of Feminism and Folklore 2022 end on 10th of June 2022. Please be informed that you will loose your prize once the deadline for sending information ends. We humbly urge you to kindly fill the form using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this link] as soon as possible. Feel free to contact us on mail or talkpage if you have any difficulties. Thank you for understanding! Regards International Team Feminism and Folklore 2022 '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:38, 5 Juni 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23364696 --> == Mipira ya samaki == Salamu Anuary. Ukichangia makala unafuata mabadiliko katika makala haya na kusoma majadiliano yake? Niliweka maoni yangu na swali kwenye [[Majadiliano:Mipira ya samaki]] (angalia hapo chini). Bado ninangoja jibu lako. Mipira wa samaki ni tafsiri isiyofaa kwa "fish balls". Maana ya mpira kwanza ni "rubber", kwa hivyo ikiwa maana yake ni "ball" hiyo ball ni aina ya rubber au labda ya plastiki. Kwa ujumla, "food ball" ni tonge kwa Kiswahili, au kitonge ikiwa ni dogo. "Meat ball" ni kababu, kwa hivyo labda tutumie hii kwa "fish ball" pia. Mnapendelea neno gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 06:00, 22 Juni 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana Chriko kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, hakika kweli Mipira ya samaki sio tafsiri thabiti ya "fish ball", hivyo katika kuchangia kwangu uhariri wa makala hiyo sikuweza kupitia huo ujumbe wako ulioacha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 02:16, 23 Juni 2022 (UTC) == Tena jamii == Asante kwa kutekeleza masahihisho. Sasa mfano wa [[Alfred Dan Moussa]]. Umemweka kwa "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" PIA "Watu wa Cote d'Ivoire". Hii ya pili ni bure. "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" umeanzisha kama jamii mpya, sasa unahitaji kufungua ukurasa wake (bofya jina jekundu tu) na ndani yake unaandika (katika mabano mraba) "Watu wa Cote Cote d'Ivoire" halafu pia jamii husika ya wanahabari. Uitafute tu, utakuta jina tofauti kidogo "Jamii:Waandishi wa habari". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, lakini makala hii sikuianzisha mimi, hivo mie nimefanya masahihisho tu katika makala. :Pia katika suala la kuongeza, kupunguza na masahihisho ya jamii niliogopa kuingilia majukumu ndio maana niliacha kama nilivyokuta, kwani nafahamu hilo ni jukumu la mkabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:02, 27 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==[[Sage Steele]]== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Ila unapotaka kuchangia ukurasa fulani, usianze na moja. Kwa mfano huo hapo juu ulikata viungo na maandishi mazuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:07, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :ukarasa huo ulikua hauna vyanzo na pia baadhi ya maudhui yalikua hayaendani na makala ya kiingereza, hivo ndio nilikua najaribu kuongeza vyanzo kwa kuanza kuandika upya, lakini baadhi ya vitu kama jamii na picha nimerejesha kama awali ilivyokua. :Unaweza kuupitia sasa hivi ukaona. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::Sawasawa, ila kumbuka si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Kwa mfano kwa Kiswahili nadhani hatusemi sana "mtangazaji mwanamke" bali ni "mwanamke mtangazaji" au "mtangazaji wa kike". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana kwa kunipatia uelewa ambao nilikua sina hapo awali, hivo nitayafanyia kazi yote haya kuhakikisha kuwa makala zinakua bora zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:00, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Habari nimeona umefanya kazi sana kuwakaribisha waliojiandikisha, asante sana!! Ila sasa naona umeanza kukaribisha pia URL. Sitaki kukuzuia, ukiwa nba muda mwingi endelea tu. Ila tu faida yake si kubwa sana. Maana wengi wanaingia kwa [[URL]] tofautitofauti zinazoweza kubadilika. Hapo ni sababu kwa kawaida hatuifanyi. Ila ni chaguo lako. [[Maalum:Michango/2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19|2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19]] 12:47, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Kumbe safari hii nilingia pia kwa URL fulani ! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa kunikumbusha na kunielekeza hapa nimeelewa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:34, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) == Kuongeza jamii == Habari, naona umeongeza jamii kwenye makala zilizokosa jamii za maana (zote zilipangwa chini ya "amani" pekee, ambayo haisiaidii kitu. Ila umeweka "mbegu za watu" ambayo haisaidii vilevile (ningependa kuifuta lakini ziko nyingi mno tayari, heri tuache kuitumia). Maana kusudi la jamii ni kuainisha makala na kupanga makala ambazo mada zinafanana. Njia bora ni kuona kama makala iko kwenye enwiki na kuchagua jamii za huko; hii inahitaji muda kidogo maana unahitaji kupeleleza kwanza kama jamii iko kwa Kiswahili, halafu utaitumia, au unaanza jamii mpya. Kwa vyote tazama [[Msaada:Jamii]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:42, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Asante ndugu Kipala kwa kunielekeza kile ambacho nilikua sikifahamu hapo awali, lakini sasa nimefahamu hivyo sitofanya hivyo tena na nitajaribu kuzipitia makala zote ambazo niliziwekea jamii hiyo na wakati mwingine takua mdadisi kwanza kabla ya kuweka jamii husika. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Asante kwa jibu zuri. Sitaki kukusumbua nafurahi kamba unajifunza haraka na kuboresha wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :::Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:29, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ==Tafadhali uwe macho makala zilizotafsiriwa kwa kompyuta== Habari naona ulijitahidi kusahihisha makala kadhaa ambazo niliangalia baadaye na kuzipendekeza kwa ufutaji (k.v. [[Itifaki ya Mitandao ya Kijamii iliyosambazwa]], [[Ufahamu wa mazingira]]. Ukiona matini ni vigumu nashukuru ukihakikisha kama ni tafsiri ya kompyuta. Wengine kama Mwambashi901 hawaonyeshi interwiki; mara nyingi ni rahisi kutambua makala ya enwiki waliyojaribu kutafsri, kwa kumwaga jina la makala katika google translate (maana huko walichukua jina). Mimi hutumia google translate kutafsiri sehemu ya kwanza kutoka enwiki kwenda sw, halafu nalinganisha kwenye ukurasa wa word pande zote kandokando (natumia jeswali). Nikiona A) matini imepokelewa neno kwa neno kutoka google, na B) Kiswahili kina kasoro, makosa au hakieleweki, ninaamua kama naweza kuisahihisha (au kama ninapenda kutumia muda wangu kwa jambo hili) halafu C) ama ninasahihisha au D) ninabandika kigezo cha <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> na kuandikisha makala katika orodha ya [[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] (kwa kubofya link yake), ambako mwingine ataiangalia na kuamua. Kwa jumla uone [[Msaada:Tafsiri_ya_kompyuta]]. Nitashukuru ukiweza kusaidia kutambua makala zenye lugha na tafsiri mbaya. Tumepata idadi kubwa ya makala kupitia google translate na tokeo lake ni kweli hatari kwa ajili ya wikipedia hiyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:16, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa maelekezo yako na nimekuelewa vizuri sana, hivyo kuanzia sasa tajitahidi niwe napitia vema makala hasa za watumiaji wapya ambao ndio wanaanza kachangia katika Wikipedia ya kiswahili na pia baadhi ya watumiaji wengine ambapo makala zao zinakua na dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta na makosa mengine mbalimbali. :Lakini pia naomba kujua je, nikikutana na makala yenye dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta nina ruhusiwa pia kuweka alama ya "Tafsiri ya Kompyuta" au hiyo inaruhusiwa kwa "Wakabidhi" tu? '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) ::ukiona dalili weka alama tu. Pia pendekezo la "futa". Maazimo ya baadaye yatachukuliwa na wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) :::Sawa asante sana nimeelewa nitajitahidi kuwa nafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:57, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) == Dead links == Habari, asante kwa kusafisha dead links. Kwa jumla si vibaya tukichungulia kama hiyo link imehamishwa kabla ya kufuta tu. Wakati mwingine inasadia kutafuta kwa google jina la makala inayotajwa . ---- Pamoja na hayo je umeshapiga kura ukurasa wa Jumuiya? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 13:47, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa kuniewesha kwani hapo awali nilijua hazina maana yoyote, sasa nimeelewa. Ndio kura nimeshapiga tayari kwenye ukurasa wa Jumuiya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC) ::Samahani kwa kuingilia majadiliano hayo, mimi pia najitahidi kuondoa dead links, kumbe ni afadhali tuziache? Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :::Bila ya samahani, hakika asante sana kwa kuchangia, kwa mujibu wa ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ni afadhali tuziache au kabla ya kuifuta ni bora kuichungulia kwanza kama haijahamishwa '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) ::::Ushauri wangu ni: kama ziko bure, tuzifute tu. Lakini mimi naona mara kadhaa marejeo yaleyale yanapatikana kwa anwani tofauti, nikitafuta jina la faili katika google. Inachukua muda zaidi kuchungulia, kwa hiyo kila mmoja anapaswa kuamua mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:06, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :::::Sawa sawa hapo nimeelewa na hata ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] natumaini nayeye ameelewa labda kama analo la kuongezea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) == Sending regards and few questions to ask... == Hello, if I may I will shift to Kiswahili. Ni kwamba asante kwa ukaribisho Mzuri kutoka juu na pia ya kuongeza asante hata kwa university wikimedians kwa kunipa nafasi ya kujiunga katika platform hii ya wikipedia... Niko ma swali, mona ni kwamba inakuaje kama nitahitaji kuweka picha na hio picha haipo kwenye platform yeyote ya wikipedia but only inapatikana kwenye mtandao mara nyingine kwenye tovuti kuu husina inayoshikiria hati miliki. Na pili nimeweza kuweka picha pamoja na taarifa kwa kiufupi kama inavoonekana kwenye makala za watu au makampuni. Ni hayo tu, Shukran sana na nitakua pamoja na nyie. Denis R. John [[Maalum:Michango/196.249.97.46|196.249.97.46]] 19:29, 27 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :Salaam ndugu, :Asante sana kwa swali lako zuri na karibu sana kwenye Wikipedia ya kiswahili, hivyo kwa mujibu wa taratibu za Wikipedia huzingatia sana faragha za mtu binafsi, kwahivyo huruhusiwi kuchukua picha ya kitu au mtu au media yeyote kutoka kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii na kuweza kuitumia kwenye makala za wikipedia bila ya ridhaa ya mmiliki husika. :Na ili kuweza kutumia picha husika kwenye makala za wikipedia, kwanza kabisa inakupasa kuipakia kwenye jukwaa la Wikimedia Commons kwa kuzingatia taratibu zote za faragha za mmiliki wa picha au media husika au kama picha au media hiyo uliipiga au kuandaa wewe mwenyewe pia bila ya kupitia huko kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii. :Asante,amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 30 Novemba 2022 (UTC) == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating these pages in your languages would be highly appreciated. Currently the following pages are available for translation: *[[wikimania:2023:Contact]] *[[wikimania:2023:Expo space]] *[[wikimania:2023:Glossary]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas/Globe]] *[[wikimania:2023:Organizers]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel]] *[[wikimania:2023:Updates]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer signup]] *[[wikimania:2023:Wikimania]] *[[wikimania:Template:Wikimania 2023 header]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[<tvar name="mass-delivery">Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery</tvar>|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 28 Desemba 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24285311 --> == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating the following pages in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Health]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Samples]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Travel Scholarship application]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee/Request for Proposal]] *[[wikimania:2023:Visas]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 22 Januari 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24413464 --> :Habari '''[[Mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|SISTY MUSHISA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 17 Februari 2023 (UTC) == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. Your help with translating the following pages on Wikimania wiki in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Attendees]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Form Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Satellite events]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Socialize]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel Coordination]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 4 Machi 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24656834 --> ==Makala kuhusu Analog Pussy== Ndugu nmeona pitio lako katika makala hii https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Pussy,na ningependa kujua je kundi la muziki lenye kufanya kazi za muziki sindo kundi la wanamuziki?,ningependa kujua juu ya hilo ili makosa kama hayo yasijirudie. Amami sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 19:33, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) :Yote ni sahihi lakini tukisema kundi la wanamuziki, hapo naona inakua inaleta maana nzuri zaidi kwa sababu inajumuisha muunganiko wa watu fulani kwenye kazi ya muziki, kuliko tukisema kundi la muziki (ambapo hapa mwingine anaweza kufafanua kama mjumuisho wa aina fulani za muziki n.k) '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:29, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) :Sawa sawa '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners == [[Faili:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023_logo.svg|center|frameless|550x550px]] :: <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help. Best wishes, [[metawiki:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]] :::: Stay connected [[Faili:B&W_Facebook_icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[Faili:B&W_Twitter_icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tiven2240|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 10 Juni 2023 (UTC) == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Group photo - Edu Wiki conference 2023, Belgrade, Serbia.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Group photo of the 2023 EduWiki Conference in Belgrade, organized by Wikipedia & Education User Group]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> '''Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Recognition_and_Derecognition|Recognition of Cyprus, Botswana, Niger, and Telugu user groups]] '''Affiliate Activities Report''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Activities_Report|Reports from Belgium, South African, and Ukrainian chapters]] '''AffCom Movement Contribution''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement with the new Affiliates Strategy and Movement Charter drafts]] '''AffCom Administration''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Administration|New AffCom members and advisors]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 18 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=26293156 --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimedia-Summit-2024-Friday-128.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom group photo at Wikimedia Summit 2024 in Berlin, Germany]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Updates: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Adoption of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Madagascar, Senegal, Republic of Congo, and Namibia user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Six active conflicts, no new reports for Q4]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia Summit and ESEAP Conference]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Administration|Officers elections and departing members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at Wikimania 2024]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:30, 15 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27021225 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (July-September 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimania 2024 - Lviv - Day 3 - AffCom meets community.webm|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at Wikimania 2024]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Implementation status of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Togo, Wayúu, and Singapore user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimania]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the officers elections]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at WikiIndaba and a strategy meetup]] Other Movement News: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Other_Movement_News|Regional conferences, mental health support, and new committee support inbox]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:55, 7 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27273724 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (October-December 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Affiliations Committee 2024 05.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at its Strategic Retreat in Frankfurt]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Notes from the 2024 AffCom strategic retreat]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|User group application pause lifted]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue4_#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at WikiIndaba]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Mari Avetisyan appointed new AffCom secretary]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:04, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28060527 --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:WMB meeting in Belo Horizonte in 2023 (day 02) 059.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Wikimedia Brasil, the latest chapter to be recognized by AffCom]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Brasil and four user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 5#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia+Libraries and Wikisource conferences]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Welcoming new AffCom voting and advisory members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|AffCom at ESEAP Strategy Summit]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 01:30, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28324741 --> == Faulty editings == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lazarus&diff=1148956&oldid=1143252 PURE VANDALISM] - no wikilinks inside reference parameters! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52117|&#126;2025-52117]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52117|talk]]) 08:33, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Dear 2025-52117, :Thank you for your reminder, and I appreciate your effort in reviewing the wiki pages. Just to clarify, the edits were made about four years ago, when I was still new to Wikipedia. At that time, I didn’t have much experience, so I may have made mistakes without realizing it. :In the meantime, I believe there is no need to use harsh language to criticize someone. Pointing out issues in a respectful manner would be more constructive. :Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] Wakuongea kwa ustaarabu hao temp account? Utasubiri sana. Siwapendi hao temp kupita maelezo. Ni vile WMF imeamua lakini hapa kwetu wafungiwe tu. Wanatusumbua sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:55, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::Sorry for being so upset! Don't ask - Don't tell!, After UNJUST losing of several "InternetBuddy" accounts to itchy meta sexual abuse hunters, I resort only to temporary accounts, 75% of them are mine. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52533|&#126;2025-52533]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52533|talk]]) 06:55, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::[[Maalum:Michango/I_like_peace_and_quiet]], [[Maalum:Michango/I_like_quiet_and_peace]], [[Maalum:Michango/Norbilian]], [[Maalum:Michango/Nailibron]], and others, very same history, but at other times. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52246|&#126;2025-52246]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52246|talk]]) 07:57, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::Naona kweli ni wasumbufu na wanatia kero kweli; kwetu huku hata wasiwepo tu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:32, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandi&diff=1414098&oldid=1414088 Real Annoyance]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-53157|&#126;2025-53157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-53157|talk]]) 08:17, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) ==[[Philip Mpango]]== Ndugu, kabla hujaanzisha makala uangalie kama ipo tayari ili uiongezee badala ya kufuta kazi ya wenzako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:25, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Ni kweli kabisa hilo ni sahihi na wakati mwingine takua makini zaidi kwenye hilo. : Nilipata ushawishi wa kuandika makala hiyo wakati napitia makala ya [[Siasa ya Tanzania]] kipengere cha Makamu wa Rais Philip Mpango ilikua nyekundu baada ya kuwekewa kiungo cha ndani, Nimekuja kugundua makala ipo tayari kwa utofauti wa kichwa cha jina wakati nataka kuunganisha na viungo vya lugha zingine. :Katika kufanya tathmini nipunguze ipi nikaona iliyokuepo tayari ilikua ni fupi sana. :Na sijajua hii tofauti inakuepo vipi? Mfano makala iliyokuepo kwa jina la "Filip Isdor Mpango" lakini ilipowekewa kiungo cha ndani kwa jina la "Philip Mpango" peke yake haikuonesha muunganiko wa moja kwa moja kama ilivyo kwenye makala zingine nyingi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:33, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC) ::Shida ni kwamba ulianzisha makala kwa kutegemea kipengele chekundu cha ukurasa uliokuwepo. Ungeanza mwenyewe kuandika jina yangetokea majina mengine ya kufanana, kama lile la makala ya awali. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :::Ni kweli kabisa, Shukrani sana kwa kunikumbusha katika hilo. Wakati mwingine nitakua nafanya tafiti kabla ya kuandika hata kama makala ina kipengere chekundu, ili kuepusha muingiliano kama huo. :::Tuko pamoja Mzee Riccardo katika kuimarisha maudhui kwenye wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:45, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] == Obvious behavior akin to SOVIET COMMISSAR, [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-32681-1]] was OK! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-33265-3|&#126;2025-33265-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-33265-3|talk]]) 19:45, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:MNL25 - day one 08.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at the ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025 in Manila, the Philippines]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand and Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 6#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at the ESEAP Strategy Summit]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the AffCom officers election]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|Meet AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:25, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28820920 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:54, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ==Grass Wonder== Ndugu, huyo alikuwa farasi, si mwanamichezo. Pole na amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Asante kwa kuliona hilo, nilichanganya maudhui '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:23, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ==Kimwali mmbaga== Ndugu, samahani tena, naona umekuwa mkali mno kwa mchangiaji huyo mwenye bidii. Hata wiki moja ilikuwa adhabu kubwa mno, sasa umerefusha hadi mwaka mzima! Naomba umfikirie upya. Makosa yake si makubwa vile! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:58, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Huyu ndugu Kimwali mmbaga, ni kweli kabisa ni mchangiaji mzuri na mwenye bidii. Lakini hivi karibuni amechapisha makala nyingi, Katika kufanya doria kwenye makala nimepitia makala zake nimeona nyingi ni kama tafsiri ya kompyuta na hii ni kwa sababu kuna mashindano ya uandishi sijui?. Hivyo nikaanza na baadhi kuanza kufanya marekebisho. :Sasa katika hali ya kujenga na kuelimishana nikamuandikia ujumbe kwenye ukurasa wake wa [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Kimwali_mmbaga|majadiliano]], kwani niliona bado anazidi kuchapisha makala nyingi zenye makosa yale yale. Nikatoa mfamo wa makosa yenyewe na kumuomba asifanye chapisho jipya lolote kwa muda ule ili kufanya marejeo na marekebisho katika makala alizochapisha kwanza. :Ndugu Kimwali alipuuza na kuendelea na machapisho yenye makosa yale yale. Hivyo kwa namna hiyo inakua inavunja moyo kwa wanaopitia kufanya marekebisho na wengine wanarudia makosa yale yale kuongeza mzigo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kuomba kufunguliwa akaunti == Habari, Ninaomba kufunguliwa akaunti yangu na ninaahidi kutokutimia tafsiri ya kompyuta kutengeneza makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|Jolvin Joel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Salaam ndugu, :Asante kwa ujumbe, na umepokelelewa. Kutumia programu za kusaidia tafsiri kama google translater na zingine nyingi sio kosa kwani inarahisisha kazi. Lakini programu hizo nyingi si kamilifu sana katika kutoa kiswahili kizuri, hivyo inahitaji jitahada za ziada katika kufanya marekebisho ya kiumbo ili kiswahili kiwe sawa sawa. :Pamoja katika kuijenga Wikipedia yetu, Sasa umefunguliwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:27, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Kiswenglish == See [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utoaji_mimba_wa_kuchagua_jinsia&diff=1417305&oldid=1417303 this], thy revert is WRONG, this is SWAHILI not ENGLISH. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 17:34, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Ni sahihi lakini kigezo hiko hakipo, hivyo [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigezo:Reflist kigezo hiki kilichopo] ndio kinatumika kama kilivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Always there was <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki> as alias for <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 18:24, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa as long as ni back-end ikiwa <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki>, "<nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>" au "<reference>" vyote vinafanya kazi bila kuhaathiri muundo wa makala, nadhani hakuna shida ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:18, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:At Wikimania 2025 127.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at Wikimania 2025 in Nairobi, Kenya]]<br> <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Georgia: recognized & announced September 2025]] Recognition Status Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Recognition Status Report|Updates of affiliate applications]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 7#AffCom at WikiConference North America|AffCom at WikiConference North America]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem|AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem]] AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Administrative Updates|AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> </div> Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|This newsletter is best translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:11, 13 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=29907013 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wikimedian, We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;Checklist for Organizers Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us in upcoming office hours We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]]. Thank you and all the best, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=29948401 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> ==Kufuta makala== Ndugu, naona unapenda sana kufuta makala badala ya kuzifanyia kazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Salaam Mzee Riccardo :Nafanya marekebisho sana, lakini makosa yanarudiwa yale yale na waandishi wale wale, baadhi ya makala zinakua mbaya zaidi na ni ndefu sana kiasi kwamba ni ngumu kuifanyia marekebisho, na mwadishi mwenyewe anakua ameitelekeza bila ya marekebisho yeyote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:36, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!-- == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == --> <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. [[File:AffCom_and_GRDC_members_at_APP_meeting,_Lisbon_2026_01_(cropped).jpg|220px|right|thumb|AffCom and GRDC members at APP meeting, Lisbon, Portugal]] <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|This past quarter, AffCom recognized no new Affiliates due to the pause in recognizing new affiliates.]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#AffCom Conflict Intervention|AffCom is currently addressing eight ongoing affiliate conflict cases received in previous quarters.]] Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension|The Wikimedia Foundation, together with the AffCom, has extended the pause on new affiliate recognition until September 1, 2026.]] New Affiliate Model Development Efforts: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#New Affiliate Model Development Efforts|The Affiliations Committee held collaborative meetings with the Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC) to explore the development of a new affiliations model.]] Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: Updates on the Movement Organizations Pilot, GRDC, and AffCom|Two major pilot initiatives were launched to address long-standing questions about the roles of movement organizations and the future of resource allocation.]] <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:50, 03 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=30057452 --> ==Uislamu== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila nimeona ukurasa mpya kuhusu Mitume katika Uislamu wakati kulikuwa na nyingine kuhusu Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu. Ni lazima zibaki mbili au zinaweza kuuunganishwa? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ni kweli mzee nimeona na kwa asilimia kubwa maudhui yanaendana, lakini ukurasa huo wa zamani naona kama umeelezea kwa ujumla katika dini zote japokuwa kichwa cha ukurasa kinaonekana [[Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu]], na huu wa [[Mitume katika Uislamu]] umeelezea katika muktadha wa Uislamu pekee, nadhani tukiziacha hivyo vivyo sio mbaya sana, au kuonganisha zote kwa kuchanganua maudhui kwanza ili kuendana na kichwa cha ukurasa wenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:39, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Asante kwa kunijibu. Najua huwezi kuwa Mwislamu ukikataa mitume na manabii walioishi kabla ya Muhammad. Kwa maana hiyo makala ya awali ilizungumzia watu wa dini nyingine. Kumbuka kwamba Uislamu unasema dini hiyo ilianza na Adamu, si na Muhammad. Hivyo hakuna namna ya kukwepa hao mitume na manabii wanaoheshimiwa na Wayahudi na Wakristo, eti ni wa dini nyingine! Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) 7nv2r47aoqbcseapex2966wgfec3uxd 1548419 1548318 2026-05-22T14:48:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Uislamu */ Jibu 1548419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 19 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Habari ndugu Anuary Rajabu Hongera sana kwa jitihada zako za kuhariri katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, jaribu kupitia sana ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuweza kuona baadhi ya makala zako na namna zinavyoendelea kuboreshwa, na utumie maboresho hayo katika makala zako nyingine. Amani sana kwako. Idd ninga'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 22:58, 23 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Volkeno== Ndugu naona tunaingiliana kwenye makala kuhusu [[Chamko la volkeno]]. Sijamaliza bado. Ushauri ni: uangalie historia ya makala; kama imehaririwa dakika chache zilizopita, kuna uwezekano mhariri bado anaendelea.. Kwa hiyo heri kusibiri hadi kesho. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Ooh Sawa kiongozi nimekuelwa Samahani kwa hilo, Nitafanya hivo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:17, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Jina la Mtu== Salamu Anuary Rajabu Unaweza kuangalia katika makala zako zenye majina ya watu na kuona baadhi ya mabadiliko hasa ya masahihisho ya jina, kwa kawaida unapoandika jina la mtu inafaa kabisa jina liandikwe kwa herufi kubwa badala ya ndogo, unaweza kuona namna majina ya makala zako yalivyobadilishwa, hongera kwa juhudi unazofanya, endelea kujifunza zaidi, [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]]) == Nimekuzuia siku 3 == Ndugu, uliondoa vigezo vya umaarufu, vyanz na futa kutoka ukurasa wa [[Melody Mbassa]], bila maelezo yoyote. Hapa umeingilia katika kazi ya usimamizi wa wikipedia hii. Nimekuzuia sasa kwa siku 3, huwezi kuhariri kwa siku hizo. Unaweza kujieleza kwenye ukurasa huu hapa. Ukiweza kutaja sababu zinazoeleweka naweza kuondoa kizuizi.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) Naomba kusamehewa,nilikua sijui kuhusu hilo lakini kwa kuwa kiongozi wangu ameweza kunielekeza kuhusu hilo, sitoweza kufanya hivo tena kwani mie sio mjuzi sana katika uhariri wa makala. Hivo nimeweza kujifunza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Asante kwa kujibu. Nimekufungua. Ila bado hujasema kwa nini uliondoa vigezo vile? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:57, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC) == Can you help me correct an article? Thank you! == Hello, {{Ping|Anuary Rajabu}}! I wrote an article on Andrea Benetti, a well-known Italian artist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti_(artist). I used the automatic translator to make a draft https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13 . Could you help me correct the text and add the infobox with the photo at the beginning and the categories at the bottom? Unfortunately I don't know the language and I am not able to do it ... Thanks for what you can do, see you soon, --'''[[Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|BarbaraLuciano13]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 19 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Marekebisho== Salamu Anuary, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisar_Elsaeed kuna sehemu umeandika kuwa Entisari ni mwanaharakati wa kutetea Wanawake, lakini katika makala hii ukasema kuwa Elsaeed na taasisi yake walilenga katika kuongeza unyanyasaji wa wanawake majumbani, nafikiri kuwa ulitaka kuandika kupunguza, sasa cha kufanya pitia makala yake ni kuifanyia marekebishom, tazama katika makala ya kiingereza nini kilichoandikwa,Amani sana'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 18:34, 9 Machi 2022 (UTC) :sawa kiongozi nimeelewa nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 10 Machi 2022 (UTC) ==Hongera== Anuary naona siku hizi unaleta michango mingi yenye thamani. Naona umeshika vizuri fomati ya wikipedia. Nakupa Hongera! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC) ::Pamoja na pongezi, naomba uangalie makala zenyewe: kweli tunahitaji kutetea ushoga? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:13, 29 Machi 2022 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kufanyia doria makala nyingi. Mimi nimezidiwa. Ila naomba uondoe tanbihi za Wikipedia ya Kiingereza na hasa jamii nyingi mno. Unakuta makala ya mwanamuziki wa Nigeria ina jamii:Sanaa ya Afrika! kama si Jamii:Afrika! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:14, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) ::::Asante sana, nitajitahidi kufanya hivyo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC) == JAMII za Muziki Aziingiliani na michezo == Amani kwako ndugu, kuwa makini wakati unachagua jamii ya kuweka kwenye makala,acha kuunganisha jamii ya muziki na makala za mchezo wa Mpira wa miguu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 19:41, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ukumbusho nadhani ni suala la kujisahau tu katika ukopiji wa jamii wakati wa kuchapisha makala, hivo nitazipitia makala zangu zote ili kurekebisha makosa hayo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:54, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2022 - Local prize winners == <div style="border:8px brown ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations for winning a local prize in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition. Thank you for your contribution and documenting your local folk culture on Wikipedia. Please fill in your preferences before 15th of June 2022 to receive your prize. Requesting you to fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] before the deadline to avoid disappointments. Feel free to [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|contact us]] if you need any assistance or further queries. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|FNF 2022 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 22 Mei 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23312270 --> == Reminder to provide information - Feminism and Folklore 2022 == Dear User The Google form to submit information of winners during the 2022 edition of Feminism and Folklore 2022 end on 10th of June 2022. Please be informed that you will loose your prize once the deadline for sending information ends. We humbly urge you to kindly fill the form using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this link] as soon as possible. Feel free to contact us on mail or talkpage if you have any difficulties. Thank you for understanding! Regards International Team Feminism and Folklore 2022 '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:38, 5 Juni 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23364696 --> == Mipira ya samaki == Salamu Anuary. Ukichangia makala unafuata mabadiliko katika makala haya na kusoma majadiliano yake? Niliweka maoni yangu na swali kwenye [[Majadiliano:Mipira ya samaki]] (angalia hapo chini). Bado ninangoja jibu lako. Mipira wa samaki ni tafsiri isiyofaa kwa "fish balls". Maana ya mpira kwanza ni "rubber", kwa hivyo ikiwa maana yake ni "ball" hiyo ball ni aina ya rubber au labda ya plastiki. Kwa ujumla, "food ball" ni tonge kwa Kiswahili, au kitonge ikiwa ni dogo. "Meat ball" ni kababu, kwa hivyo labda tutumie hii kwa "fish ball" pia. Mnapendelea neno gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 06:00, 22 Juni 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana Chriko kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, hakika kweli Mipira ya samaki sio tafsiri thabiti ya "fish ball", hivyo katika kuchangia kwangu uhariri wa makala hiyo sikuweza kupitia huo ujumbe wako ulioacha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 02:16, 23 Juni 2022 (UTC) == Tena jamii == Asante kwa kutekeleza masahihisho. Sasa mfano wa [[Alfred Dan Moussa]]. Umemweka kwa "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" PIA "Watu wa Cote d'Ivoire". Hii ya pili ni bure. "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" umeanzisha kama jamii mpya, sasa unahitaji kufungua ukurasa wake (bofya jina jekundu tu) na ndani yake unaandika (katika mabano mraba) "Watu wa Cote Cote d'Ivoire" halafu pia jamii husika ya wanahabari. Uitafute tu, utakuta jina tofauti kidogo "Jamii:Waandishi wa habari". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, lakini makala hii sikuianzisha mimi, hivo mie nimefanya masahihisho tu katika makala. :Pia katika suala la kuongeza, kupunguza na masahihisho ya jamii niliogopa kuingilia majukumu ndio maana niliacha kama nilivyokuta, kwani nafahamu hilo ni jukumu la mkabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:02, 27 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==[[Sage Steele]]== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Ila unapotaka kuchangia ukurasa fulani, usianze na moja. Kwa mfano huo hapo juu ulikata viungo na maandishi mazuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:07, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :ukarasa huo ulikua hauna vyanzo na pia baadhi ya maudhui yalikua hayaendani na makala ya kiingereza, hivo ndio nilikua najaribu kuongeza vyanzo kwa kuanza kuandika upya, lakini baadhi ya vitu kama jamii na picha nimerejesha kama awali ilivyokua. :Unaweza kuupitia sasa hivi ukaona. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::Sawasawa, ila kumbuka si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Kwa mfano kwa Kiswahili nadhani hatusemi sana "mtangazaji mwanamke" bali ni "mwanamke mtangazaji" au "mtangazaji wa kike". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::Ahsante sana kwa kunipatia uelewa ambao nilikua sina hapo awali, hivo nitayafanyia kazi yote haya kuhakikisha kuwa makala zinakua bora zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:00, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Habari nimeona umefanya kazi sana kuwakaribisha waliojiandikisha, asante sana!! Ila sasa naona umeanza kukaribisha pia URL. Sitaki kukuzuia, ukiwa nba muda mwingi endelea tu. Ila tu faida yake si kubwa sana. Maana wengi wanaingia kwa [[URL]] tofautitofauti zinazoweza kubadilika. Hapo ni sababu kwa kawaida hatuifanyi. Ila ni chaguo lako. [[Maalum:Michango/2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19|2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19]] 12:47, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Kumbe safari hii nilingia pia kwa URL fulani ! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa kunikumbusha na kunielekeza hapa nimeelewa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:34, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC) == Kuongeza jamii == Habari, naona umeongeza jamii kwenye makala zilizokosa jamii za maana (zote zilipangwa chini ya "amani" pekee, ambayo haisiaidii kitu. Ila umeweka "mbegu za watu" ambayo haisaidii vilevile (ningependa kuifuta lakini ziko nyingi mno tayari, heri tuache kuitumia). Maana kusudi la jamii ni kuainisha makala na kupanga makala ambazo mada zinafanana. Njia bora ni kuona kama makala iko kwenye enwiki na kuchagua jamii za huko; hii inahitaji muda kidogo maana unahitaji kupeleleza kwanza kama jamii iko kwa Kiswahili, halafu utaitumia, au unaanza jamii mpya. Kwa vyote tazama [[Msaada:Jamii]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:42, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Asante ndugu Kipala kwa kunielekeza kile ambacho nilikua sikifahamu hapo awali, lakini sasa nimefahamu hivyo sitofanya hivyo tena na nitajaribu kuzipitia makala zote ambazo niliziwekea jamii hiyo na wakati mwingine takua mdadisi kwanza kabla ya kuweka jamii husika. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Asante kwa jibu zuri. Sitaki kukusumbua nafurahi kamba unajifunza haraka na kuboresha wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :::Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:29, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ==Tafadhali uwe macho makala zilizotafsiriwa kwa kompyuta== Habari naona ulijitahidi kusahihisha makala kadhaa ambazo niliangalia baadaye na kuzipendekeza kwa ufutaji (k.v. [[Itifaki ya Mitandao ya Kijamii iliyosambazwa]], [[Ufahamu wa mazingira]]. Ukiona matini ni vigumu nashukuru ukihakikisha kama ni tafsiri ya kompyuta. Wengine kama Mwambashi901 hawaonyeshi interwiki; mara nyingi ni rahisi kutambua makala ya enwiki waliyojaribu kutafsri, kwa kumwaga jina la makala katika google translate (maana huko walichukua jina). Mimi hutumia google translate kutafsiri sehemu ya kwanza kutoka enwiki kwenda sw, halafu nalinganisha kwenye ukurasa wa word pande zote kandokando (natumia jeswali). Nikiona A) matini imepokelewa neno kwa neno kutoka google, na B) Kiswahili kina kasoro, makosa au hakieleweki, ninaamua kama naweza kuisahihisha (au kama ninapenda kutumia muda wangu kwa jambo hili) halafu C) ama ninasahihisha au D) ninabandika kigezo cha <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> na kuandikisha makala katika orodha ya [[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] (kwa kubofya link yake), ambako mwingine ataiangalia na kuamua. Kwa jumla uone [[Msaada:Tafsiri_ya_kompyuta]]. Nitashukuru ukiweza kusaidia kutambua makala zenye lugha na tafsiri mbaya. Tumepata idadi kubwa ya makala kupitia google translate na tokeo lake ni kweli hatari kwa ajili ya wikipedia hiyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:16, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa maelekezo yako na nimekuelewa vizuri sana, hivyo kuanzia sasa tajitahidi niwe napitia vema makala hasa za watumiaji wapya ambao ndio wanaanza kachangia katika Wikipedia ya kiswahili na pia baadhi ya watumiaji wengine ambapo makala zao zinakua na dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta na makosa mengine mbalimbali. :Lakini pia naomba kujua je, nikikutana na makala yenye dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta nina ruhusiwa pia kuweka alama ya "Tafsiri ya Kompyuta" au hiyo inaruhusiwa kwa "Wakabidhi" tu? '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) ::ukiona dalili weka alama tu. Pia pendekezo la "futa". Maazimo ya baadaye yatachukuliwa na wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) :::Sawa asante sana nimeelewa nitajitahidi kuwa nafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:57, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC) == Dead links == Habari, asante kwa kusafisha dead links. Kwa jumla si vibaya tukichungulia kama hiyo link imehamishwa kabla ya kufuta tu. Wakati mwingine inasadia kutafuta kwa google jina la makala inayotajwa . ---- Pamoja na hayo je umeshapiga kura ukurasa wa Jumuiya? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 13:47, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :Asante sana kwa kuniewesha kwani hapo awali nilijua hazina maana yoyote, sasa nimeelewa. Ndio kura nimeshapiga tayari kwenye ukurasa wa Jumuiya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC) ::Samahani kwa kuingilia majadiliano hayo, mimi pia najitahidi kuondoa dead links, kumbe ni afadhali tuziache? Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :::Bila ya samahani, hakika asante sana kwa kuchangia, kwa mujibu wa ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ni afadhali tuziache au kabla ya kuifuta ni bora kuichungulia kwanza kama haijahamishwa '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) ::::Ushauri wangu ni: kama ziko bure, tuzifute tu. Lakini mimi naona mara kadhaa marejeo yaleyale yanapatikana kwa anwani tofauti, nikitafuta jina la faili katika google. Inachukua muda zaidi kuchungulia, kwa hiyo kila mmoja anapaswa kuamua mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:06, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :::::Sawa sawa hapo nimeelewa na hata ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] natumaini nayeye ameelewa labda kama analo la kuongezea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC) == Sending regards and few questions to ask... == Hello, if I may I will shift to Kiswahili. Ni kwamba asante kwa ukaribisho Mzuri kutoka juu na pia ya kuongeza asante hata kwa university wikimedians kwa kunipa nafasi ya kujiunga katika platform hii ya wikipedia... Niko ma swali, mona ni kwamba inakuaje kama nitahitaji kuweka picha na hio picha haipo kwenye platform yeyote ya wikipedia but only inapatikana kwenye mtandao mara nyingine kwenye tovuti kuu husina inayoshikiria hati miliki. Na pili nimeweza kuweka picha pamoja na taarifa kwa kiufupi kama inavoonekana kwenye makala za watu au makampuni. Ni hayo tu, Shukran sana na nitakua pamoja na nyie. Denis R. John [[Maalum:Michango/196.249.97.46|196.249.97.46]] 19:29, 27 Novemba 2022 (UTC) :Salaam ndugu, :Asante sana kwa swali lako zuri na karibu sana kwenye Wikipedia ya kiswahili, hivyo kwa mujibu wa taratibu za Wikipedia huzingatia sana faragha za mtu binafsi, kwahivyo huruhusiwi kuchukua picha ya kitu au mtu au media yeyote kutoka kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii na kuweza kuitumia kwenye makala za wikipedia bila ya ridhaa ya mmiliki husika. :Na ili kuweza kutumia picha husika kwenye makala za wikipedia, kwanza kabisa inakupasa kuipakia kwenye jukwaa la Wikimedia Commons kwa kuzingatia taratibu zote za faragha za mmiliki wa picha au media husika au kama picha au media hiyo uliipiga au kuandaa wewe mwenyewe pia bila ya kupitia huko kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii. :Asante,amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 30 Novemba 2022 (UTC) == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating these pages in your languages would be highly appreciated. Currently the following pages are available for translation: *[[wikimania:2023:Contact]] *[[wikimania:2023:Expo space]] *[[wikimania:2023:Glossary]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas/Globe]] *[[wikimania:2023:Organizers]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel]] *[[wikimania:2023:Updates]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer signup]] *[[wikimania:2023:Wikimania]] *[[wikimania:Template:Wikimania 2023 header]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[<tvar name="mass-delivery">Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery</tvar>|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 28 Desemba 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24285311 --> == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating the following pages in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Health]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Samples]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Travel Scholarship application]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee/Request for Proposal]] *[[wikimania:2023:Visas]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 22 Januari 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24413464 --> :Habari '''[[Mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|SISTY MUSHISA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 17 Februari 2023 (UTC) == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. Your help with translating the following pages on Wikimania wiki in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Attendees]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Form Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Satellite events]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Socialize]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel Coordination]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 4 Machi 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24656834 --> ==Makala kuhusu Analog Pussy== Ndugu nmeona pitio lako katika makala hii https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Pussy,na ningependa kujua je kundi la muziki lenye kufanya kazi za muziki sindo kundi la wanamuziki?,ningependa kujua juu ya hilo ili makosa kama hayo yasijirudie. Amami sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 19:33, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) :Yote ni sahihi lakini tukisema kundi la wanamuziki, hapo naona inakua inaleta maana nzuri zaidi kwa sababu inajumuisha muunganiko wa watu fulani kwenye kazi ya muziki, kuliko tukisema kundi la muziki (ambapo hapa mwingine anaweza kufafanua kama mjumuisho wa aina fulani za muziki n.k) '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:29, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) :Sawa sawa '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners == [[Faili:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023_logo.svg|center|frameless|550x550px]] :: <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help. Best wishes, [[metawiki:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]] :::: Stay connected [[Faili:B&W_Facebook_icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[Faili:B&W_Twitter_icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tiven2240|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 10 Juni 2023 (UTC) == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Group photo - Edu Wiki conference 2023, Belgrade, Serbia.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Group photo of the 2023 EduWiki Conference in Belgrade, organized by Wikipedia & Education User Group]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> '''Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Recognition_and_Derecognition|Recognition of Cyprus, Botswana, Niger, and Telugu user groups]] '''Affiliate Activities Report''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Activities_Report|Reports from Belgium, South African, and Ukrainian chapters]] '''AffCom Movement Contribution''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement with the new Affiliates Strategy and Movement Charter drafts]] '''AffCom Administration''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Administration|New AffCom members and advisors]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 18 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=26293156 --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimedia-Summit-2024-Friday-128.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom group photo at Wikimedia Summit 2024 in Berlin, Germany]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Updates: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Adoption of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Madagascar, Senegal, Republic of Congo, and Namibia user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Six active conflicts, no new reports for Q4]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia Summit and ESEAP Conference]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Administration|Officers elections and departing members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at Wikimania 2024]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:30, 15 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27021225 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (July-September 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimania 2024 - Lviv - Day 3 - AffCom meets community.webm|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at Wikimania 2024]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Implementation status of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Togo, Wayúu, and Singapore user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimania]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the officers elections]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at WikiIndaba and a strategy meetup]] Other Movement News: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Other_Movement_News|Regional conferences, mental health support, and new committee support inbox]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:55, 7 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27273724 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (October-December 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Affiliations Committee 2024 05.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at its Strategic Retreat in Frankfurt]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Notes from the 2024 AffCom strategic retreat]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|User group application pause lifted]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue4_#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at WikiIndaba]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Mari Avetisyan appointed new AffCom secretary]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:04, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28060527 --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:WMB meeting in Belo Horizonte in 2023 (day 02) 059.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Wikimedia Brasil, the latest chapter to be recognized by AffCom]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Brasil and four user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 5#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia+Libraries and Wikisource conferences]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Welcoming new AffCom voting and advisory members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|AffCom at ESEAP Strategy Summit]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 01:30, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28324741 --> == Faulty editings == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lazarus&diff=1148956&oldid=1143252 PURE VANDALISM] - no wikilinks inside reference parameters! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52117|&#126;2025-52117]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52117|talk]]) 08:33, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Dear 2025-52117, :Thank you for your reminder, and I appreciate your effort in reviewing the wiki pages. Just to clarify, the edits were made about four years ago, when I was still new to Wikipedia. At that time, I didn’t have much experience, so I may have made mistakes without realizing it. :In the meantime, I believe there is no need to use harsh language to criticize someone. Pointing out issues in a respectful manner would be more constructive. :Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] Wakuongea kwa ustaarabu hao temp account? Utasubiri sana. Siwapendi hao temp kupita maelezo. Ni vile WMF imeamua lakini hapa kwetu wafungiwe tu. Wanatusumbua sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:55, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::Sorry for being so upset! Don't ask - Don't tell!, After UNJUST losing of several "InternetBuddy" accounts to itchy meta sexual abuse hunters, I resort only to temporary accounts, 75% of them are mine. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52533|&#126;2025-52533]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52533|talk]]) 06:55, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::[[Maalum:Michango/I_like_peace_and_quiet]], [[Maalum:Michango/I_like_quiet_and_peace]], [[Maalum:Michango/Norbilian]], [[Maalum:Michango/Nailibron]], and others, very same history, but at other times. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-52246|&#126;2025-52246]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-52246|talk]]) 07:57, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::Naona kweli ni wasumbufu na wanatia kero kweli; kwetu huku hata wasiwepo tu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:32, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandi&diff=1414098&oldid=1414088 Real Annoyance]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-53157|&#126;2025-53157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-53157|talk]]) 08:17, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) ==[[Philip Mpango]]== Ndugu, kabla hujaanzisha makala uangalie kama ipo tayari ili uiongezee badala ya kufuta kazi ya wenzako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:25, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Ni kweli kabisa hilo ni sahihi na wakati mwingine takua makini zaidi kwenye hilo. : Nilipata ushawishi wa kuandika makala hiyo wakati napitia makala ya [[Siasa ya Tanzania]] kipengere cha Makamu wa Rais Philip Mpango ilikua nyekundu baada ya kuwekewa kiungo cha ndani, Nimekuja kugundua makala ipo tayari kwa utofauti wa kichwa cha jina wakati nataka kuunganisha na viungo vya lugha zingine. :Katika kufanya tathmini nipunguze ipi nikaona iliyokuepo tayari ilikua ni fupi sana. :Na sijajua hii tofauti inakuepo vipi? Mfano makala iliyokuepo kwa jina la "Filip Isdor Mpango" lakini ilipowekewa kiungo cha ndani kwa jina la "Philip Mpango" peke yake haikuonesha muunganiko wa moja kwa moja kama ilivyo kwenye makala zingine nyingi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:33, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC) ::Shida ni kwamba ulianzisha makala kwa kutegemea kipengele chekundu cha ukurasa uliokuwepo. Ungeanza mwenyewe kuandika jina yangetokea majina mengine ya kufanana, kama lile la makala ya awali. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) :::Ni kweli kabisa, Shukrani sana kwa kunikumbusha katika hilo. Wakati mwingine nitakua nafanya tafiti kabla ya kuandika hata kama makala ina kipengere chekundu, ili kuepusha muingiliano kama huo. :::Tuko pamoja Mzee Riccardo katika kuimarisha maudhui kwenye wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:45, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] == Obvious behavior akin to SOVIET COMMISSAR, [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-32681-1]] was OK! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-33265-3|&#126;2025-33265-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-33265-3|talk]]) 19:45, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:MNL25 - day one 08.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at the ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025 in Manila, the Philippines]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand and Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 6#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at the ESEAP Strategy Summit]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the AffCom officers election]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|Meet AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:25, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28820920 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:54, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ==Grass Wonder== Ndugu, huyo alikuwa farasi, si mwanamichezo. Pole na amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Asante kwa kuliona hilo, nilichanganya maudhui '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:23, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ==Kimwali mmbaga== Ndugu, samahani tena, naona umekuwa mkali mno kwa mchangiaji huyo mwenye bidii. Hata wiki moja ilikuwa adhabu kubwa mno, sasa umerefusha hadi mwaka mzima! Naomba umfikirie upya. Makosa yake si makubwa vile! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:58, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Huyu ndugu Kimwali mmbaga, ni kweli kabisa ni mchangiaji mzuri na mwenye bidii. Lakini hivi karibuni amechapisha makala nyingi, Katika kufanya doria kwenye makala nimepitia makala zake nimeona nyingi ni kama tafsiri ya kompyuta na hii ni kwa sababu kuna mashindano ya uandishi sijui?. Hivyo nikaanza na baadhi kuanza kufanya marekebisho. :Sasa katika hali ya kujenga na kuelimishana nikamuandikia ujumbe kwenye ukurasa wake wa [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Kimwali_mmbaga|majadiliano]], kwani niliona bado anazidi kuchapisha makala nyingi zenye makosa yale yale. Nikatoa mfamo wa makosa yenyewe na kumuomba asifanye chapisho jipya lolote kwa muda ule ili kufanya marejeo na marekebisho katika makala alizochapisha kwanza. :Ndugu Kimwali alipuuza na kuendelea na machapisho yenye makosa yale yale. Hivyo kwa namna hiyo inakua inavunja moyo kwa wanaopitia kufanya marekebisho na wengine wanarudia makosa yale yale kuongeza mzigo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Kuomba kufunguliwa akaunti == Habari, Ninaomba kufunguliwa akaunti yangu na ninaahidi kutokutimia tafsiri ya kompyuta kutengeneza makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|Jolvin Joel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Salaam ndugu, :Asante kwa ujumbe, na umepokelelewa. Kutumia programu za kusaidia tafsiri kama google translater na zingine nyingi sio kosa kwani inarahisisha kazi. Lakini programu hizo nyingi si kamilifu sana katika kutoa kiswahili kizuri, hivyo inahitaji jitahada za ziada katika kufanya marekebisho ya kiumbo ili kiswahili kiwe sawa sawa. :Pamoja katika kuijenga Wikipedia yetu, Sasa umefunguliwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:27, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Kiswenglish == See [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utoaji_mimba_wa_kuchagua_jinsia&diff=1417305&oldid=1417303 this], thy revert is WRONG, this is SWAHILI not ENGLISH. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 17:34, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Ni sahihi lakini kigezo hiko hakipo, hivyo [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigezo:Reflist kigezo hiki kilichopo] ndio kinatumika kama kilivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Always there was <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki> as alias for <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 18:24, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa as long as ni back-end ikiwa <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki>, "<nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>" au "<reference>" vyote vinafanya kazi bila kuhaathiri muundo wa makala, nadhani hakuna shida ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:18, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:At Wikimania 2025 127.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at Wikimania 2025 in Nairobi, Kenya]]<br> <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Georgia: recognized & announced September 2025]] Recognition Status Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Recognition Status Report|Updates of affiliate applications]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 7#AffCom at WikiConference North America|AffCom at WikiConference North America]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem|AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem]] AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Administrative Updates|AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> </div> Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|This newsletter is best translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:11, 13 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=29907013 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wikimedian, We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;Checklist for Organizers Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us in upcoming office hours We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]]. Thank you and all the best, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=29948401 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> ==Kufuta makala== Ndugu, naona unapenda sana kufuta makala badala ya kuzifanyia kazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Salaam Mzee Riccardo :Nafanya marekebisho sana, lakini makosa yanarudiwa yale yale na waandishi wale wale, baadhi ya makala zinakua mbaya zaidi na ni ndefu sana kiasi kwamba ni ngumu kuifanyia marekebisho, na mwadishi mwenyewe anakua ameitelekeza bila ya marekebisho yeyote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:36, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!-- == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == --> <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. [[File:AffCom_and_GRDC_members_at_APP_meeting,_Lisbon_2026_01_(cropped).jpg|220px|right|thumb|AffCom and GRDC members at APP meeting, Lisbon, Portugal]] <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|This past quarter, AffCom recognized no new Affiliates due to the pause in recognizing new affiliates.]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#AffCom Conflict Intervention|AffCom is currently addressing eight ongoing affiliate conflict cases received in previous quarters.]] Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension|The Wikimedia Foundation, together with the AffCom, has extended the pause on new affiliate recognition until September 1, 2026.]] New Affiliate Model Development Efforts: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#New Affiliate Model Development Efforts|The Affiliations Committee held collaborative meetings with the Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC) to explore the development of a new affiliations model.]] Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: Updates on the Movement Organizations Pilot, GRDC, and AffCom|Two major pilot initiatives were launched to address long-standing questions about the roles of movement organizations and the future of resource allocation.]] <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:50, 03 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=30057452 --> ==Uislamu== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila nimeona ukurasa mpya kuhusu Mitume katika Uislamu wakati kulikuwa na nyingine kuhusu Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu. Ni lazima zibaki mbili au zinaweza kuuunganishwa? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ni kweli mzee nimeona na kwa asilimia kubwa maudhui yanaendana, lakini ukurasa huo wa zamani naona kama umeelezea kwa ujumla katika dini zote japokuwa kichwa cha ukurasa kinaonekana [[Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu]], na huu wa [[Mitume katika Uislamu]] umeelezea katika muktadha wa Uislamu pekee, nadhani tukiziacha hivyo vivyo sio mbaya sana, au kuonganisha zote kwa kuchanganua maudhui kwanza ili kuendana na kichwa cha ukurasa wenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:39, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Asante kwa kunijibu. Najua huwezi kuwa Mwislamu ukikataa mitume na manabii walioishi kabla ya Muhammad. Kwa maana hiyo makala ya awali ilizungumzia watu wa dini nyingine. Kumbuka kwamba Uislamu unasema dini hiyo ilianza na Adamu, si na Muhammad. Hivyo hakuna namna ya kukwepa hao mitume na manabii wanaoheshimiwa na Wayahudi na Wakristo, eti ni wa dini nyingine! Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Mzee Riccardo umenukuu vibaya maelezo yangu, sijasema nakataa mitume wengine katika Uislamu, bali nilikua naelezea muktadha wa hizi makala mbili kwa kujibu ujumbe wako wa kwanza ambapo ulisema "''Ni lazima zibaki mbili au zinaweza kuuunganishwa?''" :::Katika majibu yangu ya awali, nilikuwa namaanisha kusikiliza na kuona wewe pia una mtazamo gani kuhusu kuziunganisha au kuziacha kama zilivyo. Ndiyo maana nikasema: ''“Nadhani tukiziacha hivyo hivyo si mbaya sana, au tukaziunganisha kwa kuchanganua maudhui kwanza ili yaendane na kichwa cha ukurasa wenyewe.”'' :::Maana yangu ilikuwa kwamba, kama tutaziacha basi kuwe na utofauti, ule ukurasa wa zamani labda ubaki kama “Mitume na Manabii”, huku huu mwingine ukibaki “Mitume katika Uislamu”. Au kama tutaunganisha, basi maudhui ya ukurasa huu mpya yaweze kuunganishwa katika ule wa zamani kwa namna ambayo yataendana na kuongeza uzito wa maudhui bila kupoteza muktadha wake. :::Halafu pia jambo ambalo sikulieleza katika maelezo yangu ya awali, na huenda likachangia kuonekana kama naleta utofauti wa kidini. Ukurasa huu mpya wa [[Mitume katika Uislamu]] niliuchapisha bila kujua kwamba ukurasa wa [[Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu]] ulikuwa tayari upo kulingana na utofuti wa kimajina. Awali niliwaza kuufuta lakini niliona kama kuna utofauti kidogo kimaudhui. :::Lengo ni kufanya majadiliano ya kujenga, hasa ikiwa sote tuna dhamira moja ya kukuza maudhui yenye manufaa kwa jamii yetu ya leo na ya kesho. :::Amani tele mzee wangu. Nakusikiliza, tufanyaje sasa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:48, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0cwu0xb3857w3hmrkw0lvs2zmuoop1d 0 133990 1548654 1511295 2026-05-22T22:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ebele Okoye, Nigerian German Animator, Painter and Designer.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Ebele Okoye]] {{Infobox Person |jina = Ebele Okoye |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = [[6 Oktoba]] [[1969]] |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Nigeria]] |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = Omenka Ulonka |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Mchoraji |nchi = [[Marekani]] }} '''Ebele Okoye''' (kuzaliwa [[Onitsha]], [[Jimbo la Anambra]], [[6 Oktoba]] [[1969]]) ni [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]] na muhuishaji mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Nigeria]] na [[Marekani]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/niyi-akinmolayan-stanlee-ohikhuare-gear-up-for-animation-film-day/tw1netd|title=Niyi Akinmolayan, Stanlee Ohikhuare gear up for 'Animation film day'|date=13 November 2018|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> ambaye kwa sasa anaishi [[Köln]], [[Ujerumani]] toka [[mwaka]] [[2000]]. ==Elimu== Okoye alisoma Sanaa akibobea katika [[ubunifu]] wa grafiki na uchoraji katika chuo cha Usimamizi na Teknolojia kilichopo [[Enugu]] kutoka mwaka 1985 mpaka 1989. Alipowasili Ujerumani mwaka [[2000]], alifanya mpango wa wageni katika chuo cha University of Cologne, ambayo aliacha na kwenda kujisajili kwenye Muundo wa [[Mawasiliano]] katika chuo cha Applied Sciences kilichopo [[Düsseldorf]]. Kutoka mwaka [[2003]] mpaka mwaka [[2004]], Alipitia mafunzo ya [[Jadi]] ya matengenezo ya katuni kwa kutumia 2D katika chuo cha Internationale Filmschule Köln. Anaongea kwa ufasaha lugha za [[Igbo]], [[Kiingereza]], na Kijerumani.<ref>Nkiru Nzegwu, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CMg--t-YQWQC&lpg=PA303&ots=NrrTPtvmE9&dq=Ebele%20Okoye&pg=PA324#v=onepage&q=Ebele%20Okoye&f=false "Immigration and African Diaspora Women Artists"] in Isidor Okpewho and Nkiru Nzegwu, eds., ''The New African Diaspora'' (Indiana University Press 2009): 324. {{ISBN|9780253003362}}</ref> ==Kazi== Ebele Okoye anafanya kazi ya Sanaa na media na amekuwa akionesha kazi zake katika maonesho ya mtu mmoja nay a kikundi angalia chini). Ni muanzilishi wa Shrinkfish Media Lab,<ref>Adebimpe Adebambo, [http://www.omenkaonline.com/ebele-okoye-charting-new-territory/ "Ebele Okoye: Charting New Territory"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omenkaonline.com/ebele-okoye-charting-new-territory/ |date=20210410114404 }} ''Omenka Online'' (28 March 2016).</ref> a production company based in [[Abuja]].<ref>[http://greatwomenanimators.com/ebele-okoye/ "Ebele Okoye"] ''Great Women Animators'' database (2016).</ref> Filamu ya Okoye ya [[2015]] iitwayo ''The Legacy of Rubies'' ilikua moja kati ya filamu mbili zilizofunga mwaka [[2015]] katika sherehe za Silicon Valley African Film .<ref>[http://sfbayview.com/2015/11/the-6th-annual-successful-silicon-valley-african-film-fest-does-it-again/ "The 6th Annual Successful Silicon Valley African Film Fest Does It Again"] ''Bay View'' (15 November 2015).</ref> Mwaka huo filamu yake hiyo ilishinda Africa Movie Academy Award kwa uhuishaji bora. Okoye alisema kua "Sijatengeneza filamu hii ili kufukuzia [[tuzo]]," katika hotuba yake ya kupokea tuzo Afrika ya Kusini. "Nimetengeneza hii filamu , ili kuhamasisha kila muhuishaji wa Kiafrika anayetaka kutengeneza filamu za uhuishaji." Filamu ya ''The Legacy of Rubies'' ilioneshwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchini Canada mwaka 2016 pale Toronto Black Film Festival .<ref>Alexe Louisa, [http://torontoblackfilm.com/toronto-black-film-festival-tbff-announces-line-up-2/#.WBUeIdxZJXk "Toronto Black Film Festival (TBFF) Announces Line-up"] ''Toronto Black Film Festival'' (20 January 2016).</ref><ref>[https://search.lycos.co.uk/web/?q=site%3Abolly4u.email&OrigLycosTld=co.uk&keyvol=00ca051d861062179c59 | Ebele Okoye is a German 2D animation film maker of Nigerian descent based in Berlin.]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka [[2016]] alitangaza mipango ya kutengeneza filamu ya kipengele kirefu, Akigusia kua inaweza kua “kama ''Chronicles of Narnia'' na ''Pocahontas'' (filamu wa [[1995]])'' zikiunganishwa Pamoja."<ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/animation-filmmaker-ebele-okoye-goes-feature/ "Animation Filmmaker Ebele Okoye Goes Feature"] ''The Nation'' (2016).</ref> ==Tuzo== Mradi wake wa mwaka [[2007]] ''Anna Blume'', kulingana na shairi la 1919 la Kurt Schwitters,<ref>[http://filmfoerderpreis.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8878.asp "Animated Film: Anna Blume"] {{Wayback|url=http://filmfoerderpreis.bosch-stiftung.de/content/language2/html/8878.asp |date=20181004165520 }} Robert Bosch Stiftung, 2007 Winners.</ref>alishinda tuzo ya Robert Bosch Foundation Promotional Prize Kwa uhuishaji.<ref>[http://www.africafilmtt.com/ebele-okoye "Biography: Ebele Okoye"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africafilmtt.com/ebele-okoye |date=20220223011254 }}, Directors, Africa Film Trinidad Tobago.</ref> Okoye ameshinda tuzo mbili za Africa Movie Academy Awards, kwa filamu ya ''The Lunatic'' ([[2008]]) na kwa filamu ya ''The Legacy of Rubies'' ([[2015]]). ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] qme3o15ij2evzvoou7q7x4sih0y36a6 0 133993 1548815 1512894 2026-05-23T05:21:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Ginette Daleu |picha = Ginette Daleu - artist from Cameroon.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 23 Septemba 1977 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Cameroon |tarehe_ya_kufariki = 19 Novemba 2018 |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Msanii |nchi = Cameroon }} '''Ginette Daleu''' ([[23 Septemba]] [[1977]] - [[9 Novemba]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Cameroon]]. == Biografia == Ginette Flore Daleu alizaliwa mwaka [[1977]] eneo la ''Metet'', [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://fatoukandesenghor.com/i-be-lady-o-qui-sont-elles-2/|title=Ginette Daleu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227120521/http://fatoukandesenghor.com/i-be-lady-o-qui-sont-elles-2/|archive-date=2019-02-27|accessdate=2021-03-27|archivedate=2019-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227120521/http://fatoukandesenghor.com/i-be-lady-o-qui-sont-elles-2/}}</ref> Alikuwa na [[shahada]] kutoka taasisi ya ''Formation Artistique'' ndani ya [[Mbalmayo]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Schemmel, Annette|title=Visual arts in Cameroon : a genealogy of non-formal training, 1976-2014|date=2015|publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG|isbn=978-9956-763-99-3|location=Mankon, Cameroon|pages=221|oclc=950196045}}</ref> na alihitimu mwaka [[2000]]. pia alihudhuria huria ya wasomi ya Belle Arti iliyopo [[Brescia]] ndani ya [[Italia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fradartvisuel.wordpress.com/2018/11/10/une-ame-artistique-reste-alors-que-sen-va-ginette-flore-daleu/|title=Une âme artistique reste alors que s'en va GINETTE FLORE DALEU.|last=Tchidjé|first=David|date=2018-11-10|website=FRAD'ART|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> Daleu alikuza Sanaa yake akiwa na umri mdogo akiwa na utambuzi wa kuwa anataka kuja kua msanii, dhidi ya matakwa ya familia yake.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Africa/Cameroon/measuring-poverty-and-inequality-sub-saharan-africa-knowledge-gaps-and-ways-address-them-catalogue.pdf|title=Cameroun, une vision - World Bank Group|year=2014|pages=18}}</ref> Daleu alifia nyumbani kwake [[Senegali]] tarehe [[9 Novemba]] [[2018]], akiwa mgonjwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fradartvisuel.wordpress.com/2018/11/10/une-ame-artistique-reste-alors-que-sen-va-ginette-flore-daleu/|title=Une âme artistique reste alors que s'en va GINETTE FLORE DALEU.|last=Tchidjé|first=David|date=2018-11-10|website=FRAD'ART|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo mwaka [[2006]] Daleu alikua miongoni mwa wasanii waliokuwa wakisafiri tokea Douala kuelekea Dakar Biennale,Dak'art, kuchunguza namna ya kuimarisha elimu ya Sanaa [[Cameroon]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/an-epic-art-journey-through-west-africa/|title=An Epic Art Journey through West Africa {{!}} Contemporary And|website=www.contemporaryand.com|language=de|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> Mradi huu ulipatiwa jina ''Exit Tour'' na kikundi hicho kilisafiri visiwani, kukutana na kufanya kazi na wasanii na wanafunzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.artmovesafrica.org/fr/boursiers/daleu-ginette-visual-artist|title=Daleu Ginette, visual artist|website=www.artmovesafrica.org|language=fr|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226140011/http://www.artmovesafrica.org/fr/boursiers/daleu-ginette-visual-artist|url-status=dead}}</ref> Safari hii haikua na matumizi katika ArtBakery, shirika la kuhimiza na kuhamasisha wasanii Cameroon.<ref name=":1" /> kufanya kazi ndani ya na jamii ilikua sehemu muhimu ya utendaji kazi wa Daleu.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Forni|first=Silvia|last2=Malaquais|first2=Dominique|date=2018-09-02|title=Village Matters, City Works: Ideas, Technologies, and Dialogues in the Work of HervÉ Youmbi|journal=Critical Interventions|volume=12|issue=3|pages=294–305|doi=10.1080/19301944.2018.1532380|issn=1930-1944}}</ref> Kwani kujihusisha kwa Daleu na ''Art Bakery'' ilibadilisha utendaji wake kutoka Sanaa ya mapambo au upambaji kwenda kwenye uchunguzi wa masomo yenye sehemu ambazo hazijakamilika kama [[Bessengué City]].<ref name=":2">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Schemmel, Annette|title=Visual arts in Cameroon : a genealogy of non-formal training, 1976-2014|date=2015|publisher=Langaa Research & Publishing CIG|isbn=978-9956-763-99-3|location=Mankon, Cameroon|pages=238|oclc=950196045}}</ref> Mda mwingine kazi zake zilitolewa moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye uchunguzi alio kua akifanya. Hii ilepelekea kolagi na picha zake kua salama katika utendaji wa kazi wa Daleu.<ref name=":2" /> Makazi katika ''Rijksakademie van beeldende'' ndani ya Amsterdam kazi iliyozalishwa kwa majaribio ya "kubandua ngozi za vitu".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://adude.free.fr/portfolio/jnet/ginettehome.htm|title=Ginettehome|website=adude.free.fr|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> Kazi zake zilionyeshwa [[Ujerumani]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://klassenfahrten-fachprogramme.de/2012/11/bildung/vernissage-artdays-afrikanische-gegenwartskunst-in-bonn/attachment/c-afrikanische-kunst-ginette-daleu-malerin/|title=Afrikanische Kunst Ginette Daleu (Malerin) {{!}} Fachprogramme für Klassenfahrten|language=de-DE|access-date=2020-02-26}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Uswizi]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.andrialavidrazana.com/upcoming-events/2017/6/25/making-douala-2007-2017|title=Making Douala}}</ref> na [[Italia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.exibart.com/evento-arte/ginette-flore-daleu-bessengue-la-materia-racconta/|title=Ginette Flore Daleu - Bessengue: la materia racconta|last=exibart_admin|website=exibart.com|language=it-IT|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> Benki ya dunia ilidhamini maonyesho ya kazi za wasanii wa Camerooni katika mwaka [[2014]], na Daleu alikua miongoni ya watu waliojumuishwa.<ref name=":0" /> alizalisha mfululizo wa filamu zilizo pewa majina'''Architextures et Les introuvables'.''<ref name=":0" /> Katika mwaka [[2018]] Daleu alikua miongoni mwa wasanii waliotumwa na ''Videoart at Midnight'' katika tamasha la Sanaa ya video [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://kunstaspekte.art/person/ginette-daleu|title=Ginette Daleu|website=kunstaspekte.de|language=de|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226134458/https://kunstaspekte.art/person/ginette-daleu|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Msanii aitwaye Majewski alishirikiana na Daleu kwenye kazi mpya iliyoitwa ''Le Trône'', ambapo video na michoro ilichunguza na kuonyesha urthi wa ukoloni wa kijerumani ndani ya Cameroon.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.antjemajewski.de/portfolio/le-trone-the-throne-2019/|title=Le Trône (The Throne), 2019|website=Antje Majewski|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> pia alionyeshwa katika Dak'art mwaka [2018].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fr.blastingnews.com/divertissement/2018/05/le-plasticien-camerounais-abdias-ngateu-nous-ouvre-son-univers-002571949.html|title=Le plasticien camerounais Abdias Ngateu nous ouvre son univers|date=2018-05-15|website=Blasting News|language=fr|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226141817/https://fr.blastingnews.com/divertissement/2018/05/le-plasticien-camerounais-abdias-ngateu-nous-ouvre-son-univers-002571949.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Picha == <gallery> File:Ginette Daleu exhibition off SUD 2013 02.JPG|Daleu's 2013 Exhibition File:Ginette Daleu exhibition off SUD 2013 05.JPG|2013 Exhibition File:Ginette Daleu exhibition off SUD 2013 01.JPG|2013 Exhibition File:Ginette Daleu exhibition off SUD 2013 03.JPG|Daleu, 2013 File:Bessengue City Douala 08.JPG|Bessengue City File:Scénographies Urbaines Douala 2002-2003 08.JPG|Urban Scenes, Douala </gallery> == Mareje == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] hhzk4sxx5h5yfliwwd94o4nhgmsx0o5 0 138598 1548825 1513085 2026-05-23T05:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Grace Akallo |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 1981 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Uganda |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = |nchi = Uganda }}'''Grace Akallo''' (alizaliwa [[1981]]) ni [[mwanamke]] wa [[Uganda]] aliyetekwa nyara mnamo mwaka [[1996]]  na kutumiwa kama [[askari]] wa watoto katika kikundi cha Jeshi la waasi wa Lord Resistance Army (LRA), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=29 Apr 2009 – Grace Akallo at the Security Council – Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict|url=https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/2009/04/29-apr-2009-grace-akallo-at-the-security-council/|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en-US|author=Stephanie Tremblay|archive-date=2023-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129033458/https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/2009/04/29-apr-2009-grace-akallo-at-the-security-council/|url-status=dead}}</ref> kundi la waasi lililoongozwa na Joseph Kony. Wakati wa kutekwa kwake, Akallo alikuwa na umri wa miaka 15 na alisoma katika shule ya St. Mary, shule ya bweni ya Kikatoliki <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Former Kony Child Soldier Tells Her Story|url=https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2012/04/19/kony-child-soldier|work=www.wbur.org|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en}}</ref> huko Aboke, Uganda. Alibaki katika LRA kwa miezi saba kabla ya kutoroka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Child Protection|url=https://www.unicef.org/protection|work=www.unicef.org|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en|archivedate=2011-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009181231/http://origin-www.unicef.org/protection/index_48040.html}}</ref> Baada ya kukimbia [[jeshi]], Akallo alirudi shule ya St. Mary <ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901907.html</ref> na kumaliza masomo yake ya shule ya upili.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901907.html</ref> Alianza masomo yake ya [[chuo kikuu]], katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Uganda, lakini akamaliza shahada ya kwanza katika Chuo cha Gordon baada ya kupata udhamini<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901907.html</ref> Akallo basi aliendelea kupokea digrii ya bwana wake kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Clark<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Child Protection|url=https://www.unicef.org/protection|work=www.unicef.org|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en|archivedate=2011-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009181231/http://origin-www.unicef.org/protection/index_48040.html}}</ref> Alipotoroka kutoka LRA, Akallo alianza kufanya kazi kama mtetezi wa amani na haki za wanawake na watoto wa Kiafrika. Amekuwa akitumia uzoefu wake wote kama askari wa watoto na habari ambayo amepata katika [[elimu]] yake ya juu kutetea dhidi ya dhuluma na utumiaji wa askari wa watoto, na pia kusaidia kushauri askari wengine wa watoto waliotoroka kama yeye. Akallo tangu afanye kazi kwa mashirika tofauti, kama vile Kituo cha Ukarabati wa Dada Rachelle<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901907.html</ref> na Maono ya Ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gordon Student Speaks to U.S. Congress at Endangered Children of Uganda Hearing|url=https://www.gordon.edu/article.cfm?iArticleID=99&iReferrerPageID=5&iPrevCatID=30&bLive=1|work=www.gordon.edu|accessdate=2021-06-21}}</ref> na pia alifanya kazi katika miradi kadhaa tofauti ya utetezi, pamoja na kuchangia kupitisha marekebisho ya [[Sheria]] ya Uwajibikaji kwa Watoto mnamo mwaka 2008 na kutoa hotuba juu ya uzoefu wake kama askari wa zamani wa mtoto<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050901907.html</ref> Akallo pia ameanzisha shirika lisilopata faida huko Amerika linaloitwa Umoja wa Afrika kwa Haki za Wanawake na Watoto (UAWCR) kulenga kulinda haki za wanawake na watoto wa Kiafrika;<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Child Protection|url=https://www.unicef.org/protection|work=www.unicef.org|accessdate=2021-06-21|language=en|archivedate=2011-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009181231/http://origin-www.unicef.org/protection/index_48040.html}}</ref> na kuratibu Mtandao wa Vijana Unaoathiriwa na [[Vita]] kupitia [[UNICEF]] Nakala kadhaa za kibaolojia na kumbukumbu zimeandikwa na kutoa kumbukumbu ya uzoefu wa Akallo na askari wenzake wa watoto, haswa kuwa autobiografia ya 2007; Askari wa Msichana: Hadithi ya Tumaini kwa watoto wa Uganda wa Kaskazini, aliyefundishwa na Imani J.H. McDonnell, wasifu wa 2015 Neema Akallo na harakati ya Haki ya Askari wa Mtoto iliyoandikwa na Kem Knapp Sawyer, na Neema ya maandishi ya 2010, Milly, Lucy... Askari wa watoto zinazozalishwa na Raymonde Provencher. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] gqsfva6eoh680eb39hwcsal13en1bz9 2 139133 1548628 1176913 2026-05-22T20:50:12Z SIMBAYA07 89563 /* Godfrey Flati Simbaya */ 1548628 wikitext text/x-wiki == Godfrey Flati Simbaya == Godfrey Flati Simbaya amezaliwa mwaka 07 May 1990 katika kijiji cha mpemba kilichopo mkoa wa Songwe wilaya ya Momba katika mji mdogo wa Tunduma na akasoma shule ya msingi katika shule ya msingi Katete toka mwaka 1999 mpka 2005 na kujiunga na Elimu ya Secondary mwaka 2006 Rungwe High School iliyopo Katika wilaya ya Rungwe na mwaka 2010 akajiunga shule ya Secondary Ndanda kaa masomo ya Advance na Elimu ya chuo akajiunga Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha (IFM) '''[[Mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA|GODFREY SIMBAYA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:37, 2 Julai 2021 (UTC) Mwaka 2018 alifanikiwa kupata mtotowa kiume GIOVANNI GODFREY SIMBAYA na mwnamke aliyeitwa Upendo Tesha ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya uuzaji na usambazaji wa vifaa vya simu kwa jina la brand lililojulikana kama GS SMART ACCESORIES 0h7bjgrqg9kbud90xkabwlv9phntu23 1548629 1548628 2026-05-22T20:51:51Z SIMBAYA07 89563 /* Godfrey Flati Simbaya */ 1548629 wikitext text/x-wiki == Godfrey Flati Simbaya == Godfrey Flati Simbaya amezaliwa mwaka 07 May 1990 katika kijiji cha mpemba kilichopo mkoa wa Songwe wilaya ya Momba katika mji mdogo wa Tunduma na akasoma shule ya msingi katika shule ya msingi Katete toka mwaka 1999 mpka 2005 na kujiunga na Elimu ya Secondary mwaka 2006 Rungwe High School iliyopo Katika wilaya ya Rungwe na mwaka 2010 akajiunga shule ya Secondary Ndanda kwa masomo ya Advance na Elimu ya chuo akajiunga Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha (IFM) '''[[Mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA|GODFREY SIMBAYA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:37, 2 Julai 2021 (UTC) Mwaka 2018 alifanikiwa kupata mtotowa kiume GIOVANNI GODFREY SIMBAYA pia ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya uuzaji na usambazaji wa vifaa vya simu kwa jina la brand lililojulikana kama GS SMART ACCESORIES. 0a2ei6r9af37tcsjk3x0thugbwp5onz 1548632 1548629 2026-05-22T20:56:19Z SIMBAYA07 89563 /* Godfrey Flati Simbaya */ 1548632 wikitext text/x-wiki == Godfrey Flati Simbaya == Godfrey Flati Simbaya amezaliwa mwaka 07 May 1990 katika kijiji cha mpemba kilichopo mkoa wa Songwe wilaya ya Momba katika mji mdogo wa Tunduma na akasoma shule ya msingi katika shule ya msingi Katete toka mwaka 1999 mpka 2005 na kujiunga na Elimu ya Secondary mwaka 2006 Rungwe High School iliyopo Katika wilaya ya Rungwe na mwaka 2010 akajiunga shule ya Secondary Ndanda kwa masomo ya Advance na Elimu ya chuo akajiunga Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha (IFM) akasoma course ya BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TAX MANAGEMENT (Class of 2012 to 2015) '''[[Mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA|GODFREY SIMBAYA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:GODFREY SIMBAYA#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:37, 2 Julai 2021 (UTC).Mwaka 2019 alifanikiwa kupata mtoto wa kiume GIOVANNI .Kwasasa ni mfanya Biashara pia ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya uuzaji na usambazaji wa vifaa vya simu kwa jina la brand lililojulikana kama (GS SMART ACCESORIES). kw5s3oeen0esegg20azmeqs54i7bvt3 0 148875 1548779 1512551 2026-05-23T03:32:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Freeman HKD Boss''' (alizaliwa Bindura, [[jimbo]] la [[Mashonaland ya Kati]] nchini [[Zimbabwe]], [[Juni 22]], [[1988]]) ni [[msanii]] wa Zimdancehall ambaye alipata umaarufu baada ya kuachiliwa [[wimbo]] wa ''Joina City'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/top-10-zimdancehall-hits/|title=Top 10 Zimdancehall hits|first=The|author=Herald|work=The Herald}}</ref>. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/freeman-takes-zim-dancehall-to-the-far-east/|title=Freeman takes Zim-dancehall to the Far East|date=September 29, 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://youthvillage.co.zw/2014/10/top-10-zim-dancehall-artists/|title=Top 10 Zim Dancehall Artists|date=October 27, 2014|work=Youth Village Zimbabwe}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Freeman HKD alizaliwa katika [[familia]] ya watu 6. Alikulia katika [[mji]] wa Bindura ambako alisoma [[elimu]] yake ya awali. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.zimetro.co.zw/things-you-might-not-know-about-freeman-hkd-boss/|title=Things You Might Not Know About Freeman HKD Boss|date=September 30, 2019|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2021-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721055544/https://www.zimetro.co.zw/things-you-might-not-know-about-freeman-hkd-boss/}}</ref> == Maisha nyuma na taaluma == Freeman alianza [[kazi]] yake ya [[muziki]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2009]] aliporekodi wimbo wake wa kwanza wa ''Unondipa Rudo'' uliotayarishwa na WeMaNuff Nhubu. Kabla ya kuwa msanii wa kurekodi, alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa akichezea [[timu]] ya wana Africa FC katika ligi ya daraja la kwanza wakati huo, pia alitumia [[muda]] mwingi wa [[maisha]] yake mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[2000]] kama muuza [[nyama]] katika eneo la Waterfalls. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/05/i-started-as-butcher-boy-footballer-freeman/|title=I started as butcher boy, footballer: Freeman|date=May 9, 2019|accessdate=2022-04-23|archive-date=2022-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423102418/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/05/i-started-as-butcher-boy-footballer-freeman/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akiwa ''underground artist'', Freeman HKD aliendelea kurekodi nyimbo zaidi kama vile ''Unondipa Rudo'', ''Ellen'', ''Mapatya'', ''Mhuka Nhatu'', ''Murondatsimba'', ''Handichakuda'' na ''Ndoda'' . Mnamo [[2010]], Freeman HKD alikutana na Dj Staera ambaye alimtambulisha kwa Hillary Mutake wa Punchline Entertainment <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/punchline-entertainment|title=PunchLINE Entertainment|date=June 15, 2015|work=Music In Africa}}</ref> na baada ya hapo, alianza kufanya maonyesho ya [[umma]], onyesho lake la kwanza lilikuwa katika [[shule ya upili]] huko Banket mwishoni mwa [[2010]]. Mapumziko yake makubwa yalikuja kwa kutoa wimbo wake wa ''Joina City'', wimbo huo ukawa maarufu kwenye vituo vya [[redio]] nchini Zimbabwe. Freeman aliorodheshwa kama mmoja wa vijana 100 wa Zimbabwe wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa [[2013]]. Mnamo [[2012]], Freeman HKD alianzisha rekodi lebo ya HKD ambayo ina wasanii wengi maarufu na walioshinda [[tuzo]] kadhaa akiwemo Daruler, Delroy, Vivian, Black Warrior, Crystal na Maggikal, kwa hivyo anajulikana pia kama HKD Boss.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nehandaradio.com/2019/04/29/daruler-releases-new-single/|title=Daruler releases new single|date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> == Orodha ya kazi zake za kimuziki (Diskografia) == Freeman HKD amerekodi [[albamu]] 9 za studio: ==Albamu== * Tapinda Mustaera [[2011]] <ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/massive-line-up-for-freeman-album-launch/|title=Massive line up for Freeman album launch|first=The|author=Herald|work=The Herald}}</ref> * Last Man Standing [[2012]] <ref name="auto" /> * Vabeliver [[2013]] <ref name="auto" /> * New Chapta [[2014]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/12/freeman-release-new-chapta/|title=Freeman to release New Chapta|date=December 4, 2013|accessdate=2022-04-23|archive-date=2022-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423102416/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/12/freeman-release-new-chapta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Varidzi Vezvinhu [[2015]] <ref name="auto" /> * Mangoma Ihobho [[2016]] * Top Stricker [[2017]] * Mukuru WeKambani [[2018]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.powerfm.co.zw/2018/05/24/hkd-boss-freeman-drops-new-album-mukuru-wekambani/|title=HKD Boss Freeman drops new album - Mukuru weKambani|date=May 24, 2018|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2022-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423102416/https://www.powerfm.co.zw/2018/05/24/hkd-boss-freeman-drops-new-album-mukuru-wekambani/}}</ref> * Gango [[2019]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/freeman-serves-gango-this-saturday|title=Freeman serves 'Gango' this Saturday|first=The Sunday|author=Mail|work=The Sunday Mail}}</ref> * Kusuka [[EP]] * Robbery [[2021]] ==Mixtapes== * Freeman na Marafiki [[2020]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nhau.co.zw/freemans-explosive-christmas-gift-for-fanschanter-releases-11-collaborations-rebrands/|title=FREEMAN'S EXPLOSIVE CHRISTMAS GIFT FOR FANS…chanter releases 11 collaborations, rebrands|accessdate=2022-04-23|archive-date=2021-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723081425/https://nhau.co.zw/freemans-explosive-christmas-gift-for-fanschanter-releases-11-collaborations-rebrands/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Singles== * Joina City feat. Call C 2014 * Shaina 2013 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.manicapost.co.zw/freeman-descends-on-mutare/|title=Freeman descends on Mutare|first=The|author=ManicaPost|work=The ManicaPost}}</ref> * Bata Ruwoko Rwangu 2014 * Interview feat. Darula 2016 * Ndafunga 2016 * Time To Get Rich feat. Anthony B 2017 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nehandaradio.com/2017/06/10/freeman-lauds-duet-jamaican-star-anthony-b/|title=Freeman lauds duet with Jamaican star Anthony B|date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> * Bhebhi Rakashata 2017 * Wekwedu 2018 * Imi Amai Kusuka 2018 * Mbuya Nehanda feat. Nutty O 2018 * Daktari weMagitare * Ngaibake 2019 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.powerfm.co.zw/2019/09/18/freeman-finally-unleashes-visuals-for-ngaibake-ft-alick-macheso/|title=Freeman Finally Unleashes Visuals For "Ngaibake" Ft. Alick Macheso|date=September 18, 2019|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2021-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721052345/https://www.powerfm.co.zw/2019/09/18/freeman-finally-unleashes-visuals-for-ngaibake-ft-alick-macheso/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://spiked.co.zw/ngaibake-kadoma-concert-beckons/|title='Ngaibake Kadoma Concert' beckons|date=October 28, 2019|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2021-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723044946/https://spiked.co.zw/ngaibake-kadoma-concert-beckons/}}</ref> * Nzenza feat. Ex Q 2019 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hmetro.co.zw/exq-speaks-on-freeman/|title=ExQ speaks on Freeman|work=H-Metro}}</ref> * Jerusarema feat. EX-Q * Miridzo 2020 * Mudzanga 2020 * Ndinofirapo feat. Yadah Voices * Zi zi feat. Mai Titi 2020 * iParty feat. Sandra Ndebele 2021 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hmetro.co.zw/freeman-is-amazing-sandy/|title=FREEMAN IS AMAZING – SANDY|work=H-Metro}}</ref> * Pombi 2021 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.creativeloop.co.zw/2021/06/watch-freeman-trends-on-youtube-music-less-than-2-hours-after-release/|title=WATCH: Freeman trends on Youtube music less than 2 hours after release|date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> * What's your name 2021 == Tuzo == * Tuzo za Zimdancehall 2013, Msanii Bora wa Kiume wa Mwaka (Uteuzi) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://3-mob.com/entertainment/zimdancehall-awards-nominees-2013/|title=ZimDancehall Awards Nominees 2013|date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> * Zimdancehall Awards 2014, Albamu ya mwaka ( ''New Chapta'' ) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimdancehall_Awards_2014_Winners|title=Zimdancehall Awards 2014 Winners|date=April 5, 2018|work=Pindula}}</ref> * Zimdancehall Awards 2015, Balozi wa Zimdancehall <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://3-mob.com/unshelved/zim-dancehall-award-winners-list/|title=Zim Dancehall Award Winners List|date=March 6, 2015}}</ref> * Zimdancehall Awards 2016, Balozi wa Zimdancehall <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://urbanculxure.com/2016/03/zimdancehall-award-winners-full-list/|title=ZimDancehall Award Winners Full List|first=T.|author=D|date=March 5, 2016|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2022-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172617/https://urbanculxure.com/2016/03/zimdancehall-award-winners-full-list/}}</ref> * Zimbabwe Achievers Awards 2016, Msanii bora wa Kimataifa wa Muziki wa mwaka * Tuzo za Zimdancehall 2017, Albamu Bora ( ''Mshambuliaji'' Bora ), Imara Bora (Rekodi za HKD) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://youthvillage.co.zw/2017/12/zimdancehall-awards-2017-winners-list/|title=Zimdancehall Awards 2017 Winners List|date=December 29, 2017|work=Youth Village Zimbabwe}}</ref> * Tuzo za Zimdancehall 2019, Albamu ya mwaka ( ''Gango'' ), Wimbo bora wa mwaka ( ''Ngaibake'' ) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zimdancehall-awards-2019-all-winners|title=Zimdancehall Awards 2019: All the winners|date=February 18, 2020|work=Music In Africa}}</ref> * Tuzo za Muziki za Zimbabwe 2019-20, Video Bora ya Muziki ( ''Ngaibake'' ), uteuzi wa Ushirikiano Bora ''Ngaibake'' (akiwa amemshirikisha. Alick Macheso ), Msanii Bora wa Zimdancehall, Msanii Bora wa Kiume wa Mwaka (Uteuzi), Albamu Bora ( ''Gango'' ) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zimbabwe-music-awards-2020-all-winners|title=Zimbabwe Music Awards 2020: All the winners|date=January 26, 2020|work=Music In Africa}}</ref> * [[Tuzo za Kitaifa za Sifa ya Sanaa]] 2019, Msanii bora wa mwaka, Albamu ya mwaka ''Gango'', Video Bora ya Muziki ya mwaka ya ''Ngaibake'' (teule) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hmetro.co.zw/nama-nomination-freeman-elated/|title=NAMA nomination: Freeman elated|work=H-Metro}}</ref> * Tuzo za Muziki za Star FM 2019, Chaguo la Watu, Wimbo bora wa mwaka ''Ngaibake'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.creativeloop.co.zw/2019/02/star-fm-music-awards-2019-winners-list/|title=Star FM Music Awards 2019 Winners List|date=February 2, 2019}}</ref> * Tuzo za Muziki za Star FM 2019, Wimbo Uliochezwa Zaidi kwenye redio ''Nenza'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.starfmmusicawards.co.zw/News.aspx|title=Star FM - Music Awards|work=www.starfmmusicawards.co.zw|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2021-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721062703/https://www.starfmmusicawards.co.zw/News.aspx}}</ref> * Tuzo za Zimdancehall 2020, Msanii Bora wa Kiume <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2021/03/28/full-list-zimdancehall-awards-2020-winners/|title=FULL LIST: Zimdancehall Awards 2020 Winners – ZimEye}}</ref> * Tuzo za Muziki za Zimbabwe 2020, uteuzi wa Albamu Bora ya mwaka na uteuzi wa Msanii Bora wa Kiume wa mwaka <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://zifmstereo.co.zw/zimbabwe-music-awards-2021-full-nominees/1892/|title=Zimbabwe Music Awards 2021 Full Nominees|date=February 4, 2021}}</ref> * Tuzo za Muziki za Star FM 2020, Albamu Bora ya mwaka (Freeman na Marafiki), uteuzi wa Msanii Bora wa Kiume wa mwaka <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/star-fm-music-awards-2020-nominees-list|title=Star FM Music Awards 2020 nominees list|first=The Sunday|author=Mail|work=The Sunday Mail}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Freeman HKD amemuoa Barbra Chinhema tangu mwaka 2012. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2012/08/2012-08-20-freeman-marries/|title='Freeman' marries|date=August 20, 2012|accessdate=2022-04-23|archive-date=2022-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423102413/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2012/08/2012-08-20-freeman-marries/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:1lib1ref 2023]] 45sgqkgtye9016hxqlkn7cwt3bwm8jh 0 150044 1548405 1450448 2026-05-22T14:31:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Cecilia Sagini Kemunto |picha = Cece Sagini.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Cece Sagini ni mwandishi wa Wimbo napiya ni Mwimbaji wa Kike wa Kiafrika anayeishi Nairobi Kenya |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = [[5 Novemba]] [[1991]] |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Nairobi]] [[Kenya]] |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = Cece Sagini |kazi_yake = Mwanamuziki |nchi = }} '''Cecilia Sagini Kemunto''' (anajulikana zaidi kama '''Cece Sagini'''; amezaliwa [[5 Novemba]] [[1991]])ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo za Kiafrika anayeishi [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] . Alikuja kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye eneo la muziki na kushirikiana na [https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/video-jimmy-gait-angers-kenyans-his-new-song Jimmy Gait] na wimbo ''Appointment''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Cece Sagini Biography|url=http://hashtagsquare.co.ke/cece-sagini/|work=Hashtag Square|publisher=James|accessdate=10 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730141821/http://hashtagsquare.co.ke/cece-sagini/|archivedate=30 July 2016}}</ref> Baada ya kutoa nyimbo maarufu zaidi kama vile "Sio Mwisho", "Feel it", "I'm A Doer" Ft [https://web.archive.org/web/20160925123830/http://octopizzo.com/home/about-octopizzo Octopizzo], "9 to 5" na wimbo wa [[Wakisii|Kisii]] unaoitwa "Ensobosobo". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = artist spotlight cece sagini|url=http://www.kenyanvibe.com/artist-spotlight-cece-sagini/|work=Kenyan VIbe|publisher=Lizzie Farida}}</ref> Mchango wake katika tasnia ya muziki ulimletea [[Tuzo za Groove|Tuzo moja ya Groove]] ya wimbo bora wa mwaka. == Maisha == Cece Sagini alizaliwa na kukulia [[Nairobi]], mji mkuu wa [[Kenya]]. Yeye ni mzaliwa wa mwisho katika familia ya dada wanne; Esther Sagini, Stella Sagini, Cynthia Sagini na yeye mwenyewe. 'Anthony Sagini', ambaye alifurahia muziki na kupiga gitaa na mama yake, 'Jane Sagini', ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kwaya kwa muda wa miaka miwili katika kanisa lao, Cece Sagini alianza kupenda muziki. kwa hivyo alianza madarasa ya piano akiwa na umri wa miaka 11. == Orodha ya miziki yake == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka !! Jina la Nyimbo !! Rejeo |- | 2012 || Appointment Ft Jimmy Gait|| |- | 2013 || Sio Mwisho ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Cece Sagini – Sio Mwisho|url=http://www.msanii.com/cece-sagini-sio-mwisho/|website=Msanii|publisher=Team Msanii|accessdate=27 November 2015}}</ref> |- | 2015 || Feel It ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Cece Sagini Feel It|url=http://lyraoko.com/cece-sagini-feel-it/|website=Lyraoko|publisher=Lyra Aoko|accessdate=5 June 2015|archivedate=2016-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001185334/http://lyraoko.com/cece-sagini-feel-it/}}</ref> |- | 2015 || I'm A Doer Ft Octopizzo ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=VIDEO: Cece Sagini feat Octopizzo – I’AM A DOER|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/campus/video-cece-sagini-feat-octopizzo-iam-a-doer/|website=Capital Campus|publisher=Capital Campus|accessdate=10 November 2015|archive-date=2016-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002062141/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/campus/video-cece-sagini-feat-octopizzo-iam-a-doer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2016 || 9 To 5 ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = SHOWBUZZ: Why Cece Sagini quit her 9 to 5 job|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/buzz/Why-Cece-Sagini-quit-her-9-to-5-job/441236-3104124-x0a3m7/index.html|website=Daily Nation|publisher=Josephine Mosongo|accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref> |- | 2016 || Ensobosobo ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Music Review: Cece Sagini – Ensobosobo|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/campus/music-review-cece-sigani-ensobosobo/|website=Capital Campus|publisher=Ivy Mang'eli|accessdate=21 July 2016|archive-date=2016-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002105250/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/campus/music-review-cece-sigani-ensobosobo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2017 || Come Down ||<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Music Review: Cece Sagini – Come Down|url=http://nairobiwire.com/2017/12/watch-cece-sagini-drops-amazing-debut-gospel-single-video.html|website=NaitobiWire|publisher=Richard Kamau|accessdate=21 December 2017|archivedate=2021-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415115753/http://nairobiwire.com/2017/12/watch-cece-sagini-drops-amazing-debut-gospel-single-video.html}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] hwnmw2g68t8sn5p52c8aeob6tfnhiut 0 170584 1548727 1546301 2026-05-23T02:04:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatuma''' ni tamthilia ya Kitanzania ya mwaka [[2018]] ikiongozwa na mtayarishaji [https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=647ae402d7d6ca06JmltdHM9MTY4NDQ1NDQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wNjJmMzRlYi03NWU0LTYxMDMtMGQzMC0yNjQxNzQ1NjYwYTgmaW5zaWQ9NTIzNQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=062f34eb-75e4-6103-0d30-2641745660a8&psq=jordan+riber&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSm9yZGFuX1JpdmVy&ntb=1 Jordan Ribe]. Muongozaji wa hii filamu alishirikiana na wazazi wake kuandaa hii filamu ambao ni John Riber and Louise Riber [https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=647ae402d7d6ca06JmltdHM9MTY4NDQ1NDQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wNjJmMzRlYi03NWU0LTYxMDMtMGQzMC0yNjQxNzQ1NjYwYTgmaW5zaWQ9NTIzNQ&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=062f34eb-75e4-6103-0d30-2641745660a8&psq=jordan+riber&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvSm9yZGFuX1JpdmVy&ntb=1]. kabla ya hii filamu kulikuwa na matangazo ya moja kwa moja yaliokuwa yanarushwa redioni kama maigizo ambayo ni ''Hadithi za kumekucha,TUNU''<ref>{{Citation|last=Oloo|first=Victor|title=USAID Tanzania Supported Film “Kumekucha: FATUMA” Wins Top Swahili...|date=2018-08-27|url=https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/08/27/usaid-tanzania-supported-film-kumekucha-fatuma-wins-top-swahili-awards-at-2018-zanzibar-film-festival/|work=Africa Lead|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-19|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112211112/https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/08/27/usaid-tanzania-supported-film-kumekucha-fatuma-wins-top-swahili-awards-at-2018-zanzibar-film-festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ambapo filamu ya fatuma imeichukua kisa cha hicho igizo na kufanya kama maudhui ya tamhilia. hii filamu ilikuwa na waigizaji kama [https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=41&q=taisamo&cvid=8aa9082be3a5460287e7efc022ea118b&aqs=edge..69i57l2j69i59l2.1455j0j1&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=EDGEDB# Beatrice Taisano], Ayoub Bombwe, [https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=8190f022e52fa0b3JmltdHM9MTY4NDQ1NDQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wNjJmMzRlYi03NWU0LTYxMDMtMGQzMC0yNjQxNzQ1NjYwYTgmaW5zaWQ9NTIwMw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=062f34eb-75e4-6103-0d30-2641745660a8&psq=catheryn+credo&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93aWtpdHJ1c3RlZC5jb20vY2F0aHJ5bi1jcmVkby13aWtpcGVkaWEv&ntb=1 Cathryn Credo] na wengineyo ila hawa ni kama wahusika wakuu katika tamthilia hii. Filamu hii inaelezea maisha ya mwanamke wa kijijini na mwanae aliyeolewa na mwanaume ambae alikuwa amampa changamoto mbalimbali. filamu hii iliigizwa mkoani [[Arusha]],[[Tanzania]]. Pia filamu hii ilivutiwa na matangazo ya moja kwa moja ya igizo lilokuwa linaarushwa katika redio inayoitwa kumekucha mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Citation|last=admin|title=New movie features Africa’s everyday superheroes, women farmers|date=2018-03-07|url=https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/03/07/new-movie-features-africas-everyday-superheroes-women-farmers/|work=Africa Lead|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-19|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022021831/https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/03/07/new-movie-features-africas-everyday-superheroes-women-farmers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |FILAMU: Fatuma |- !Muongozaji wa filamu |Jordan Riber |- !Waandishi |Jordan Riber Andrew Whaley |- !Waliotayarisha filamu |Jordan Riber John Riber Louise Riber |- !Wahusika wakuu |Ayoub Bombwe Cathryn Credo Beatrice Taisamo |- !mtayarishaji wa sinema |Talib Rasmussen |- !Wahariri |Jordan Riber Louise Riber |- !Mziki |Jordan Riber |- !Wasambazaji wa filamu |[https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=d2eafab13cd164bfJmltdHM9MTY4NDQ1NDQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wNjJmMzRlYi03NWU0LTYxMDMtMGQzMC0yNjQxNzQ1NjYwYTgmaW5zaWQ9NTIwMA&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=062f34eb-75e4-6103-0d30-2641745660a8&psq=media+of+development+international&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zaWVzb2NpZXR5Lm9yZy9kaXJlY3RvcnkvbGlzdGluZy9tZWRpYS1mb3ItZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQtaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbA&ntb=1 Media for Development International (MFDI)] |- !Kutolewa |1 Mei 2018 (Tanzania) |- !Muda |Dakika 85 |- !Nchi |Tanzania |- !lugha |Swahili |} == Tuzo == Filamu ya fatuma imepata tuzo mbalimbali za kitaifa katika tamasha la filamu za swahili lilofanyika mwaka 2018 .Tuzo hizo ni kama zifuatazo. Filamu bora yenye picha nzuri, Muongozaji bora wa filamu ambaye ni Jordan Riber, Filamu bora ya sinema na Muigizaji bora wa kike ambaye ni Catherine Credo. == Wahusika == * [https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=41&q=taisamo&cvid=8aa9082be3a5460287e7efc022ea118b&aqs=edge..69i57l2j69i59l2.1455j0j1&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=EDGEDB# Beatrice Taisamo] as Fatuma * Ayoub Bombwe as Manyusi * Cathryn Credo<ref>https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=8190f022e52fa0b3JmltdHM9MTY4NDQ1NDQwMCZpZ3VpZD0wNjJmMzRlYi03NWU0LTYxMDMtMGQzMC0yNjQxNzQ1NjYwYTgmaW5zaWQ9NTIwMw&ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=062f34eb-75e4-6103-0d30-2641745660a8&psq=catheryn+credo&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93aWtpdHJ1c3RlZC5jb20vY2F0aHJ5bi1jcmVkby13aWtpcGVkaWEv&ntb=1</ref> as Neema == Viungo vya nje == *[[imdbtitle:8329296|Filamu ya Fatuma katika IMDb]] *[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8329296/mediaviewer/rm3692642816/?ref_=tt_ov_i Kava ya filamu] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] [[Jamii:ACWP + film in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2018]] alq9ngxcochpkf844sga9a8fd3nr171 0 172341 1548710 1364228 2026-05-23T01:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eylem Tuncaelli''' ni mwanaharakati wa kisiasa kutoka Uturuki na mwenyekiti mwenza na msemaji wa chama cha Green Left Party.<ref name="europeangreens">{{cite web|url=https://europeangreens.eu/content/turkish-green-co-chairs-eylem%C2%A0tuncaelli-and-naci-s%C3%B6nmez-are-released|title=Turkish Green co-chairs Eylem Tuncaelli and Naci Sönmez are released|website=European Greens|access-date=2022-02-25|accessdate=2023-06-24|archivedate=2023-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624172616/https://europeangreens.eu/content/turkish-green-co-chairs-eylem%C2%A0tuncaelli-and-naci-s%C3%B6nmez-are-released}}</ref> Alikuwa pia Mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Tawi la Istanbul la Chama cha Uhandisi wa Mazingira.<ref name="europeangreens2">{{cite web|url=https://europeangreens.eu/news/stop-leaders-turkish-green-party-being-jailed-under-false-charges|title=Stop the leaders of the Turkish Green Party from being jailed under false charges|website=European Greens|access-date=2022-02-25|accessdate=2023-06-24|archivedate=2023-05-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523070020/https://europeangreens.eu/news/stop-leaders-turkish-green-party-being-jailed-under-false-charges}}</ref> == Biografia == Alizaliwa mnamo [[1975]] huko Istanbul. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Trakya katika fani ya Uhandisi wa Mazingira mwaka [[1999]] na mwaka wa [[2000]] alijiunga na TMMOB (Muungano wa Vyama vya Wahandisi na Wasanifu wa Kituruki). Kati ya [[2004]] na [[2010]], alijiunga kama rais wa Tawi la Istanbul la Chama cha Uhandisi wa Mazingira, na kuwa mwanachama hai. Mnamo [[2012]], pamoja na wengine kama Naci Sonmez, alianzisha chama cha Green Left Party.<ref name="europeangreens2"/> == Jela == Mnamo [[9 Februari]], [[2018]], yeye na wanachama wengine 10 walikamatwa saa 12 asubuhi, <ref name="skakeller">{{cite web|url=https://www.skakeller.de/artikel/immediate-release-of-turkish-greenleft-co-chairs-eylem-tuncaelli-and-naci-sonmez|title=Immediate release of Turkish Green/Left Co-Chairs Eylem Tuncaelli and Naci Sonmez! - Ska Keller, MdEP|website=skakeller.de|date=9 February 2018|access-date=2022-02-25|archive-date=2022-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225043923/https://www.skakeller.de/artikel/immediate-release-of-turkish-greenleft-co-chairs-eylem-tuncaelli-and-naci-sonmez|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="yesilgazete">{{cite web|url=https://yesilgazete.org/green-gazette-weekly-turkey-digest-arrests-nukes-and-banned-childrens-play/|title=[Green Gazette weekly Turkey digest:] Arrests, Nukes, and banned children's play - Yeşil Gazete|website=yesilgazete.org|date=13 February 2018|access-date=2022-02-25|archive-date=2022-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225043921/https://yesilgazete.org/green-gazette-weekly-turkey-digest-arrests-nukes-and-banned-childrens-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wakishutumiwa kwa "kuzalisha uadui kati ya watu" na "propaganda kwa shirika la kigaidi". Wafungwa hao walikuwa wakipinga hatua ya jeshi la Uturuki nchini Syria. Katika mwaka huo huo, waliachiliwa, lakini hati zao za kusafiria zilichukuliwa, na kuwazuia kusafiri Kwenda nchi zingine.<ref name="europeangreens2"/><ref name="Yeşil">{{cite web|url=https://bianet.org/bianet/insan-haklari/202885-yesil-sol-parti-es-sozculerinin-pasaportlarina-el-konuldu|title=Yeşil Sol Parti Eş Sözcülerinin Pasaportlarına El Konuldu|website=bianet|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]] r7fih6d7dozjshdn2prsx7qppje0jt5 0 183425 1548391 1431157 2026-05-22T13:42:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''CAMFED''' (pia inajulikana kama [[kampeni]] ya [[elimu]] ya kike) ni shirika la kimataifa lisilo la kiserikali, na lisilo la faida lililoanzishwa mwaka [[1993]] ambalo dhamira yake ni kutokomeza [[umaskini]] barani [[Afrika]] kupitia [[elimu]] ya [[wasichana]] na uwezeshaji wa wanawake vijana. Programu za CAMFED zinafanya kazi nchini [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Tanzania]] na [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Inman |first=Phillip | date = 2023-10-25| title = Girls in Africa quitting school over cost of living crisis, says charity|language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/oct/25/girls-in-africa-quitting-school-over-cost-of-living-crisis-says-charity |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf|title=Annual report 2016|website=Camfed|access-date=13 September 2023}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:mashirika ya kimataifa]] [[jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] [[jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] 6n9zf3gd9vebwu2uf3ysht7rcvcmc6p 0 183540 1548545 1458595 2026-05-22T17:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali | name = Consolata Kabonesa | image = [[File:Makerere_University_School_of_Women_&_Gender_Studies_06.jpg|200px]] | caption = | label1 = Taifa | data1 = Mganda | label2 = Elimu | data2 = [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] | label3 = Kazi | data3 = Mhadhiri Mwandamizi | label4 = Uanaharakati | data4 = Mwanaharakati wa masuala ya jinsia }} '''Consolata Kabonesa''' ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa jinsia wa [[Uganda]] aliye na uwezo maalumu katika uandaaji wa [[programu]] za wanawake na jinsia, mafunzo ya jinsia, mradi na utafiti ndani ya mfumo wa ugatuzi. Kabonesa pia ni [[profesa]] katika shule ya mafunzo ya wanawake na jinsia, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Consolata Kabonesa |url=http://www.waterspoutt.eu/who-we-are/the-team/item/dr-consolata-kabonesa |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www.waterspoutt.eu |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304232013/http://www.waterspoutt.eu/who-we-are/the-team/item/dr-consolata-kabonesa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Women and Gender Studies gets new Dean {{!}} News@CHUSS |url=http://chuss.mak.ac.ug/news/school-women-and-gender-studies-gets-new-dean |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=chuss.mak.ac.ug |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304233306/http://chuss.mak.ac.ug/news/school-women-and-gender-studies-gets-new-dean |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kabonesa |first=Consolata |title=Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Consolata-Kabonesa-2 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Consolata Kabonesa {{!}} The Council for Frontiers of Knowledge |url=http://www.thecfkglobal.org/management/consolata-kabonesa.php |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www.thecfkglobal.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304232011/http://www.thecfkglobal.org/management/consolata-kabonesa.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] [[jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[jamii:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] [[jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uganda]] iuk5o7dbsz4j6ymhkkz7v4qc3ytcg7g 0 184220 1548526 1343899 2026-05-22T17:00:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST)''', kinachojulikana kama '''UST''', '''Tech''' au '''Kwame Tech''', ni chuo kikuu cha umma kilichoko [[Kumasi]], mkoa wa [[Ufalme wa Ashanti|Ashanti]], [[Ghana]]. Chuo kikuu hiki kinaangazia hususani sayansi na teknolojia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Campus {{!}} Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|url=https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/campus|work=www.knust.edu.gh|accessdate=2024-07-13}}</ref> Ni chuo kikuu cha pili cha umma kuanzishwa, vile vile ni chuo kikuu kikubwa zaidi katika Mkoa wa Ashanti nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agyekum|first=Kofi|last2=Simons|first2=Barbara|last3=Botchway|first3=Seth Yeboah|date=2018-12-30|title=Factors influencing the performance of safety programmes in the Ghanaian construction industry|url=https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/as/article/view/3618|journal=Acta Structilia|language=en|volume=25|issue=2|pages=39–68|doi=10.18820/24150487/as25i2.2|issn=2415-0487|archive-date=2024-05-27|access-date=2024-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527030315/https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/as/article/view/3618|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''KNUST''' iilikuwa katika mipango ya '''Agyeman Prempeh I''', mtawala wa Ufalme wa Ashanti, kuanzisha chuo kikuu huko Kumasi kama sehemu ya harakati zake kuelekea kuufanya ufalme wake wa [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]] kuwa wa kisasa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|date=2024-06-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology&oldid=1230958459|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-07-13}}</ref> Mpango huu haukutimia kamwe kutokana na mgongano kati ya upanuzi wa himaya ya Uingereza na hamu ya Mfalme '''Prempeh''' wa Kwanza kuhifadhi uhuru wa ufalme wake wa [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti.]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|date=2024-06-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology&oldid=1230958459|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-07-13}}</ref>Hata hivyo, kaka yake mdogo na mrithi wake, Mfalme '''Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II''', alipotawadhwa mwaka wa [[1935|1935,]] aliendelea na maono haya. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|date=2024-06-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology&oldid=1230958459|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-07-13}}</ref>Matukio mbalimbali huko pwani ya dhahabu([[Ghana]]) katika kipindi cha miaka ya [[1940]] yalitekelezwa chini ya uongozi wake. Kwanza, kulikuwa na uanzilishi wa Chuo Kikuu cha [[Gold Coast]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=August 11, 1948: The University College of the Gold Coast is established by Ordinance|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/11/august-11-1948-the-university-college-of-the-gold-coast-is-established-by-ordinance|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|date=2017-08-11|accessdate=2024-07-13|language=en-US}}</ref> Pili, kulikuwa na ghasia za 1948 '''[[Accra]]''' na matokeo yake ripoti ya Tume ya Watson, ambayo ilipendekeza kwamba chuo kikuu cha sayansi kianzishwe Kumasi. Kwa hivyo, katika 1949, ndoto ya akina Prempeh ilitimia wakati ujenzi ulianza juu ya kile ambacho kingeitwa Chuo cha Teknolojia cha Kumasi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=January 22, 1952: Kumasi College of Technology is established|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/23/january-22-1952-kumasi-college-of-technology-is-established|work=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|date=2018-01-23|accessdate=2024-07-13|language=en-US}}</ref> == '''Marejeo''' == [[Jamii:Ghana]] 4o8udq5f6h9q9e1xuumac4ezrpxa6yv 0 186878 1548724 1512153 2026-05-23T01:58:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatima Achimo''' (1931 - 2011) alikua mwanasiasa wa [[Madagaska]]. Fatima alikua mtoto wa mrithi wa kiti cha ufalme wa nchi hiyo, alifanikiwa kupata stashahada yake ya ufundishaji mwaka 1963 na baada ya hapo alishiriki katikamakongamano ya elimu. Baada ya muda aligeukia kwenye siasa huku akikiwakilisha chama cha Democratic Party of Madagascar, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi ya useneta wa madagaska kuanzia mwaka 1966 mpaka 1971. Alifanikiwa kuwa katibu mkuu wa nchi chini ya raisi Philbert Tsiranana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fatima Achimo, une femme à double facette -|url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/fatima-achimo-une-femme-a-double-facette/|work=Midi Madagasikara|date=2019-03-08|accessdate=2024-09-28|language=fr-FR|author=Julian Rakotoarivelo|archive-date=2024-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602134258/https://midi-madagasikara.mg/fatima-achimo-une-femme-a-double-facette/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Inauguration de l’avenue Princesse Fatimo Achimo|url=https://latribune.cyber-diego.com/breves/522-inauguration-de-lavenue-princesse-fatimo-achimo.html|work=latribune.cyber-diego.com|date=2011-10-22|accessdate=2024-09-28|language=fr}}</ref><ref>https://www.eces.eu/template/default/documents/Recueil%20sur%20la%20participation%20politique%20des%20femmes%20a%20Madagascar%20Version%20electronique.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == {{BD|1931|2011}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Madagaska]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Madagaska]] 7pqa1itidrutcurbcu9bz96c44uxb4p 0 187015 1548679 1354090 2026-05-23T00:28:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernie Sims III''' (amezaliwa [[23 Desemba|Desemba 23]], [[1984]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[futiboli ya Marekani]] aliyekuwa katika ligi ya NFL. Alicheza futiboli ya chuo katika timu ya ''Florida State Seminoles'' na alichaguliwa na timu ya ''Detroit Lions'' katika raundi ya kwanza ya ligi ya NFL mwaka [[2006]]. Pia aliwahi kuchezea timu za ''Philadelphia Eagles'', ''Indianapolis Colts'' na ''Dallas Cowboys''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://onlineathens.com/stories/012503/dog_20030125042.shtml |title=Sims growing weary but says Dogs have shot |newspaper=Athens Herald-Banner |date=January 25, 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sptimes.com/2002/12/06/Sports/North_Florida_Chr_sta.shtml |title=North Florida Chr. star state's best |work=St. Petersburg Times |date=December 6, 2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-183 |title=Inside linebackers 2003 |work=Rivals |date=February 3, 2003 |accessdate=2024-09-30 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031759/https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-183 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-255 |title=The Rivals 100 |work=Rivals |date=January 30, 2003 |accessdate=2024-09-30 |archive-date=2016-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405071839/http://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-255 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] mlvcvfxrn9irarh3j0knwp5bm211dzk 0 187096 1548371 1430371 2026-05-22T13:22:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bryan Stork''' (alizaliwa Novemba 15, 1990) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[futiboli ya Marekani]] aliyekuwa katika nafasi ya katikati ambaye alicheza katika ligi ya NFL. Alicheza futiboli ya vyuo vikuu katika timu ya ''Florida State Seminoles'', ambapo alishinda ''Rimington Trophy'' mwaka 2013. Aliteuliwa na timu ya ''New England Patriots'' katika raundi ya nne ya ligi ya NFL mwaka 2014.<ref name="highschool">{{Rejea habari |last1=Foster |first1=Fran | title = Life lessons along the way|url=https://www.tcpalm.com/story/specialty-publications/vero-beach/2017/06/07/life-lessons-along-way/357660001/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=TC Palm | date = Juni 7, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recruiting/rankings/rank-2120|title=Rivals.com|website=sports.yahoo.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.seminoles.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/121213aaa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213044054/http://www.seminoles.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/121213aaa.html|url-status=dead| title = Bryan Stork Captures Rimington Trophy|archive-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] 3lxlm3dfda7xv6wc8ylbpsti6dttjtt 0 188646 1548582 1510739 2026-05-22T19:17:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dayannagragedamissair.jpg|thumb|Dayanna alitawazwa kuwa Miss Earth Air katika Mashindano ya Miss Earth mwaka 2015.]] '''Dayanna Grageda''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[5 Machi]] [[1992]]) ni [[mtetezi wa mazingira]] mwenye asili ya [[Bolivia]] na [[Australia]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dayannagrageda.com/#!about/d9omg|title=Dayanna Grageda|website=Dayanna Grageda|access-date=2016-06-13|archive-date=2016-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808092858/http://www.dayannagrageda.com/#!about/d9omg|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/central-coast/miss-earth-australia-dayanna-grageda-lends-a-flipper-to-central-coasts-take-3-green-sea-turtle-project/news-story/e1fdda004329a0f50054c0539645c54f|title=Miss Earth Australia Dayanna Grageda lends a flipper to Central Coast's Take 3 green sea turtle project|last=Murray|first=Therese|date=2016-06-08|access-date=10 March 2024|via=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> mwanamitindo na mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo ambaye alitawazwa kuwa ''Miss Earth Australia'' mwaka 2015<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = Miss Earth Australia|url = http://www.missearthaustralia.com/#!Congratulations-Dayanna/c1wri/560b61150cf2f0ed7a28614f|website = Miss Earth Australia|accessdate = 2015-10-17|archive-date = 2015-10-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151017034827/http://www.missearthaustralia.com/#!Congratulations-Dayanna/c1wri/560b61150cf2f0ed7a28614f|url-status = dead}}</ref> na baadaye mwaka huo alishinda [[taji]] la kimataifa la ''Miss Earth'' mwaka [[2015]]. Dayanna anashikilia nafasi ya juu zaidi iliyowahi kurekodiwa kwa malkia wa urembo kutoka Australia na mwenye asili ya Bolivia katika historia ya ''Miss Earth''. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] 41lp103vy51x7rlg58wff1cx8txpgnq 0 195419 1548780 1377058 2026-05-23T03:36:38Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Bâtiment_Assemblée_Provinciale_du_Haut-Katanga_-_Extérieur.jpg|Bâtiment_Assemblée_Provinciale_du_Haut-Katanga_-_Extérieur.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ziv|Ziv]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Bâ 1548780 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bâtiment_Assemblée_Provinciale_du_Haut-Katanga.jpg|thumb| Jengo jipya la utawala la Bunge la Mkoa wa Katanga Juu, katika mji wa Lubumbashi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.]] '''Bunge la Mkoa wa Katanga Juu''' ni chombo cha sheria katika [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kwa kuwa ni taasisi muhimu ya utawala wa mitaa, ina jukumu muhimu katika kuwakilisha wananchi, kutunga sheria za mkoa, na kusimamia utendaji wa serikali ya mkoa. == Historia == Ilianzishwa kama sehemu ya mgawanyiko wa eneo la 2015, ambayo iliona mkoa wa zamani wa Katanga umegawanyika katika vyombo vinne vya utawala, Baraza la Mkoa wa Katanga ya Juu ni sehemu ya nguvu ya kuimarisha usimamizi. Marekebisho haya yalikuwa na lengo la kuleta taasisi za umma karibu na raia na kukuza maendeleo ya usawa wa kijamii na kiuchumi katika majimbo mapya yaliyoundwa. === Makao === Baraza la Mkoa wa Upper Katanga liko katika mji mkuu wa mkoa, [[Lubumbashi]]. Jengo lake kuu, lililoko katikati ya utawala wa jiji, ni ishara ya mamlaka ya sheria na mahali pa mjadala wa kidemokrasia. [[Jamii:Lubumbashi]] [[Jamii:mkoa wa Katanga Juu]] [[Jamii:Siasa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] t6e605ixhc6adegn6bdnzjftiqa7w5q 1548854 1548780 2026-05-23T07:22:35Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Bâtiment_Assemblée_Provinciale_du_Haut-Katanga.jpg|Bâtiment_Assemblée_Provinciale_du_Haut-Katanga.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Not own work, published in Nov 1548854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bunge la Mkoa wa Katanga Juu''' ni chombo cha sheria katika [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kwa kuwa ni taasisi muhimu ya utawala wa mitaa, ina jukumu muhimu katika kuwakilisha wananchi, kutunga sheria za mkoa, na kusimamia utendaji wa serikali ya mkoa. == Historia == Ilianzishwa kama sehemu ya mgawanyiko wa eneo la 2015, ambayo iliona mkoa wa zamani wa Katanga umegawanyika katika vyombo vinne vya utawala, Baraza la Mkoa wa Katanga ya Juu ni sehemu ya nguvu ya kuimarisha usimamizi. Marekebisho haya yalikuwa na lengo la kuleta taasisi za umma karibu na raia na kukuza maendeleo ya usawa wa kijamii na kiuchumi katika majimbo mapya yaliyoundwa. === Makao === Baraza la Mkoa wa Upper Katanga liko katika mji mkuu wa mkoa, [[Lubumbashi]]. Jengo lake kuu, lililoko katikati ya utawala wa jiji, ni ishara ya mamlaka ya sheria na mahali pa mjadala wa kidemokrasia. [[Jamii:Lubumbashi]] [[Jamii:mkoa wa Katanga Juu]] [[Jamii:Siasa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] l5fegzebw2uv6onlkvt57y4404fj49g 0 195420 1548855 1397527 2026-05-23T07:22:57Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Bâtiment_administrative_BCC.jpg|Bâtiment_administrative_BCC.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Not own work, image widely avaible back to 2018 on different website 1548855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noti za benki za faranga za Kongo''' ni njia kuu ya malipo katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC). [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) ni sarafu rasmi ya nchi hiyo, iliyotolewa na Benki Kuu ya Kongo (BCC). Tangu kuanzishwa kwake, safu kadhaa za noti zimewekwa katika mzunguko ili kukidhi mahitaji ya kiuchumi na usalama wa nchi hiyo. == Historia == Faranga ya Kongo ilirejeshwa mwaka 1997, ikichukua nafasi ya Zaire mpya kufuatia mabadiliko ya utawala wa kisiasa. Mpito huo wa fedha ulionyesha kurudi kwa jina la zamani lililotumiwa kabla ya 1967. Tangu wakati huo, safu mbili kuu za noti zimetolewa kusaidia uchumi wa kitaifa na kukabiliana na changamoto zinazohusiana na ulaghai na kuharibika kwa noti katika mzunguko. {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:pesa]] [[Jamii:uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] otd5ioegpa6ds0liu5lwgf3jafy6zpj 0 195867 1548864 1513674 2026-05-23T07:45:11Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Herman_Amisi.jpg|Herman_Amisi.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Not own work: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=784622313229162&set=a.266287758395956. 1548864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herman Amisi''' (alizaliwa [[Lubumbashi]], [[30 Julai]] [[1993]]) ni mchekeshaji na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Utoto, elimu na mwanzo == Herman Amisi alizaliwa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]] ([[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Haut-Katanga]] tangu 2015) katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anahudhuria Kitivo cha Barua katika Lugha na Biashara katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Lubumbashi]]. Asili yake ya kielimu pamoja na talanta yake ya jukwaa humruhusu kuungana na hadhira tofauti, yenye njaa ya kicheko na tafakari. == Kazi == Mnamo 2018, alianza kuigiza kuelekea mwisho wa mwaka na jina la utani "Daddy"[1], ambapo yeye ni mmoja wa wanachama wa "Lubum Comedy Club", na pamoja hii alikuza sifa yake na kuzindua rasmi kazi yake ya solo na jina la utani "Mhubiri wa ucheshi mzuri". Onyesho lake la kwanza mwaka 2019, ambalo litamfanya mchekeshaji huyo kuwa maarufu, lilifanyika Lubumbashi katika jengo la kisasa la Hypnose, ambapo aliweza kuwaleta pamoja watu mia moja. Alithaminiwa na umma kutokana na kitendo chake maarufu cha vichekesho, "Ukweli wa Debora" ambamo alishutumu kutojali kwa wasichana wadogo kwa wanaume waliovunjika. Alijipambanua kama mtu muhimu katika ucheshi wa Kongo. Zaidi ya mchekeshaji tu, anavuka mipaka ya kijiografia na kitamaduni na maonyesho yake ya kushangaza. Uwezo wake wa kukabiliana na mada husika na ucheshi wa kaustiki umemruhusu kusimama kwenye eneo la vichekesho. Mnamo 2024, Herman Amisi alizindua kauli mbiu "Kufuatilia mto», zaidi ya dhihaka rahisi kwa majirani wa [[Jamhuri ya Kongo|Kongo-Brazzaville]], kutokuwepo kwenye tamasha la hivi majuzi la kandanda la Afrika, ufuatiliaji wa mto huo pia ulikuwa ishara ya kukusanyika, kuwaunganisha wawili hao. watu karibu na utajiri wa pamoja: Mto Kongo. == Faragha == Mnamo Januari 2024, Herman Amisi aliwashangaza mashabiki wake kwa kutangaza ndoa yake ya kimila na Carole Nyakeru, mpwa wa Mama wa Kwanza wa Kongo Denise Nyakeru. Tangazo hili liliwavuruga mashabiki wake, walizoea kumuona Amisi katika michoro ya kejeli. Mbali na utu wake wa kuchekesha, msanii huyo alifichua upande wa kifahari na ulioboreshwa wakati wa pendekezo lake la ndoa, wakati ambao ulivutia umakini wa umma na kuibua hisia nyingi. == Maonyesho == === ukweli wa Deborah === Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, Herman Amisi aliweza kuvutia umma shukrani kwa nambari yake maarufu ya katuni, " Ukweli wa Deborah ". Katika mchoro huu, anashutumu kwa ucheshi na faini kutojali kwa wasichana fulani wachanga kwa wanaume wasio na uwezo wa kifedha, somo ambalo linawavutia watazamaji wengi. Nambari hii, ambayo imekuwa ishara, ilimruhusu kujipatia jina katika ulimwengu wa ucheshi. Onyesho lake la kwanza muhimu lilifanyika Lubumbashi katika jengo la kisasa la Hypnosis. Tukio hilo lilileta pamoja watu mia moja, kuweka misingi ya mafanikio yake na kushuhudia shauku ya umma kwa mtindo wake wa kipekee na mandhari ya ujasiri. Kwa kuchanganya ucheshi na ukosoaji wa kijamii, Herman Amisi aliweza kuchochea kicheko na tafakari, na kuchangia kupanda kwake katika ulimwengu wa ucheshi. === Niko kwenye kelele === Mnamo Julai 2022, Herman Amisi alifichua kwamba kauli mbiu ''"Niko kwenye kelele»,'' ambayo ina mafanikio makubwa sana mjini [[Kinshasa]], ni usemi aliouanzisha. Kauli mbiu hii inalenga kuelezea hali ya sherehe inayochangamsha wikendi katika maeneo mbalimbali ya jiji. Kwa Herman Amisi, onyesho hili linawakilisha fursa ya kusambaza ucheshi mzuri na kuwafanya washiriki watabasamu. === Vita Kuu ya Kicheko === Mnamo Februari 2022, Alhamisi ya tarehe 17, timu ya maandalizi ya "''Vita Kuu ya Kicheko''» ilifanya mkutano na waandishi wa habari mbele ya wanataaluma ya habari katika chumba cha hoteli ya Upemba, kwa ajili ya kufanya toleo la kwanza la vita kubwa ya vicheko. Tamasha la vichekesho lililoanzishwa na Herman Amisi, lilipangwa kufanyika Lubumbashi, jimbo la Haut-Katanga, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Tukio hili linalenga kuleta pamoja karibu watu 2,000 karibu na maonyesho ya ucheshi na nyakati za burudani. Jioni ya Februari 23, 2023, pamoja ya toleo la pili la "The Great Laughter Crusade" ilionekana mbele ya waandishi wa habari huko Lubumbashi kutangaza maelezo ya maonyesho ya vichekesho yaliyopangwa kufanyika Februari 24, 2023. Tukio hilo litafanyika katika Bahalis Amphitheater na itazingatia mada "Umoja katika Tofauti". Herman Amisi, mwanzilishi wa kundi hili la vichekesho, alithibitisha kuwa tamasha hilo litafanyika kama ilivyopangwa na litawakaribisha wasanii kutoka asili tofauti. Mkutano huu una lengo la kutoa umma uzoefu wa kipekee, kuleta pamoja vipaji mbalimbali katika roho ya conviviality na kuingizwa === Matokeo katika Palais de Congrès === Mnamo Aprili 28, 2024, mchekeshaji wa Kongo Herman Amisi alitikisa kuta za Palais des Congrès huko Brazzaville, akiwa amejawa na ukingo na watazamaji wake waaminifu, waliopewa jina la utani "wasiokomaa". Akijulikana kwa jina la utani "Dady", Herman Amisi aliwasilisha ucheshi mzuri na kuchochea kupasuka kwa kicheko na mfululizo wa michoro. Wakati wa onyesho lake, pia alizungumzia mada ya ufuatiliaji wa mto, ujumbe ambao alikabidhi kwa majirani wa Kongo wakati Leopards walishiriki katika Shirikisho la Soka la Afrika nchini Côte d'Ivoire 2024 === Matokeo katika Casino de Paris === Mnamo Juni 30, 2024, Herman Amisi alitaja onyesho lake kwenye Casino de Paris "Le Bilan, du Surveilling the River" mbele ya watazamaji elfu mbili. Katika utendaji huu, anapendekeza kuzingatia mapendekezo aliyowahutubia Wakongo huko Brazzaville, ikiwa ni pamoja na kufuatilia mto ili kuhifadhi ukweli na maelewano yake. Herman, anayejulikana kwa kuwa mwanzilishi wa meme hii maarufu, hata alitaja ratiba inayohusisha makabila yote, ikiwa ni pamoja na wanachama wa diaspora. Ishara hii ya ishara, ambayo imejikita katika tamaduni za wenyeji na iliyo wazi kwa ulimwengu, inaonyesha wasiwasi wake wa kuwaleta Wakongo pamoja karibu na ujumbe wa ulimwengu wa ulinzi na umoja. Tathmini hii <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=30 juin: Herman Amisi confirme son spectacle au Casino de Paris|url=https://arts.cd/30-juin-herman-amisi-confirme-son-spectacle-au-casino-de-paris/|date=2024-06-25|accessdate=2024-10-26}}</ref> ni ya umuhimu hasa, kwa sababu inawaalika Wakongo kutathmini matokeo ya pendekezo hili kwa dhamiri zao za pamoja na kujitolea kwao kuhifadhi maliasili zao. === Nitakueleza === Mnamo Novemba 1, 2024, Herman Amisi alipanga onyesho "Nitakuelezea", katika Kituo kipya cha Fedha huko Kinshasa,. Walihisi kutelekezwa, baada ya kutumbuiza katika miji ya Lubumbashi, Paris na Brazzaville, ilionekana wazi, kwa utaratibu wa asili wa mambo, kwamba mchekeshaji huyo alipaswa kuheshimu mji mkuu wa Kongo kwa maonyesho. Lakini hakuna tarehe iliyopangwa. Akikabiliwa na shinikizo kubwa kutoka kwa wakazi wa Kinshasa, waliokuwa na shauku ya kumuona jukwaani, hatimaye Herman Amisi alikubali. Kwa hivyo, wenyeji wa jiji hili pia watastahili onyesho ambalo mcheshi bila shaka atajua, "kueleza». == Tuzo == * 2021: Bei"LOKUMU» . * 2022: Bei"Utendaji bora zaidi” katika Tuzo za Kicheko za Kiafrika. * 2023: Nafasi ^{ya 9} kwenye Tuzo za KORA * 2024: Nafasi ^{ya 2} kwenye [[Tuzo za kora|Tuzo za KORA]]. === Uteuzi === * 2022: Uteuzi wa Tuzo za Kicheko za Kiafrika. == Ushiriki == * 2022: Rirofonia. * 2023: Tamasha ^{la 6} la Zéro Polemik * 2023: Toleo ^{la 7} Tamasha la Zero Polemik. {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 7bijad9pjtrai37qseqhaoi1t1eadt8 0 197186 1548640 1511137 2026-05-22T21:16:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donovan Woods''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] wa muziki wa folk na country kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name=rayner>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/article/888337 "Donovan Woods: He'd still like a Grey Cup ring"]. ''[[Toronto Star]]'', November 10, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://exclaim.ca/News/donovan_woods_gets_set_for_new_album_dont_get_too_grand "Donovan Woods Gets Set for New Album: 'Don't Get Too Grand'"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', March 1, 2013.</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Donovan Woods – Hard Settle, Ain't Troubled|url=http://www.killbeatmusic.com/donovanwoods/|access-date=June 14, 2016|website=Killbeat Music|archive-date=2024-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923110256/https://www.killbeatmusic.com/donovanwoods|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 8jwcwkh3zeeralkj3wbu6pureha1mrj 0 197549 1548425 1386086 2026-05-22T14:56:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlotte Cornfield''' (alizaliwa [[14 Oktoba]], [[1988]])<ref name=Cornfield>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B3p0Jn5AUyY/?hl=en|title=Yesterday I said goodbye to 30 and hello to 31 |date=October 15, 2019|accessdate=May 6, 2023|work=[[Instagram]]|first=Charlotte|last=Cornfield}}</ref>ni [[mwimbaji]] na mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name=schonbek>{{cite web|url=https://maisonneuve.org/article/2010/07/1/issue-36-launch-interview-charlotte-cornfield/|title=Interview With Charlotte Cornfield|date=July 1, 2010|accessdate=August 19, 2017|work=[[Maisonneuve (magazine)|Maisonneuve]]|first=Amelia|last=Schonbek|archive-date=2025-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115163957/https://maisonneuve.org/article/2010/07/1/issue-36-launch-interview-charlotte-cornfield/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 0g1wdd4neqi6xsuepxha8mceb7ewjde 0 197626 1548533 1386269 2026-05-22T17:24:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudia Bouvette''' (aliyezaliwa [[5 Julai]], [[1995]]) ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, na mwigizaji aliyezaliwa Bromont, [[Quebec]] na anaishi [[Montreal]].<ref name="Roy-2022">{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Marie-Josée R. |date=2022-05-20 |title=Claudia Bouvette décolle (et pas à peu près...) |url=https://journalmetro.com/culture/rencontres/2827667/claudia-bouvette-decolle-et-pas-a-peu-pres/ |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Journal Métro |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudia Bouvette en 5 adresses culturelles |url=https://www.lafabriqueculturelle.tv/articles/11371/claudia-bouvette-en-5-adresses-culturelles/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=La Fabrique culturelle |language=fr-ca }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Entrevue avec Claudia Bouvette {{!}} Radio-Canada Info |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/info/videos/1-8719929/entrevue-avec-claudia-bouvette |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr-ca}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 71krjznrwmojdp1zbnipmuzt1gg06hv 0 198680 1548682 1511885 2026-05-23T00:34:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eskander Mzoughi''' (aliyezaliwa Oktoba 12, [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu anayecheza katika klabu ya AS Soliman kwenye Ligi ya kwanza ya Tunisia. Alizaliwa [[Kanada]] lakini ameiwakilisha [[Tunisia]] katika ngazi ya vijana ya kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://obelisq.ca/nouvelles/eskander-mzoughi-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel|title=Eskander Mzoughi signe son premier contrat professionnel|language=fr|trans-title=Eskander Mzoughi signs his first professional contract|date=January 18, 2023|work=Obelisq|accessdate=2025-01-24|archive-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225094039/https://obelisq.ca/nouvelles/eskander-mzoughi-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipegsun.com/sports/soccer/for-valour-gm-coach-draw-not-good-enough|title=For Valour GM/coach, draw not good enough|date=May 6, 2023|work=[[Winnipeg Sun]]|accessdate=2025-01-24|archive-date=2023-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927004322/https://winnipegsun.com/sports/soccer/for-valour-gm-coach-draw-not-good-enough|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2003|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Tunisia]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] jzqw8gtyqzzvng79tcn6i1y0occ5k5v 0 202701 1548412 1431505 2026-05-22T14:38:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celinda Cosby''' (alizaliwa [[1957]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Celinda Pink''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki wa country]].<ref name="oldies">{{Rejea tovuti | url=https://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Celinda-Pink.html | title=Celinda Pink biography | publisher=Oldies.com | accessdate=December 27, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="robert">{{Rejea habari | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/112563315/ | title = Celinda Pink's Blues| work=The Tenneseean | date = Agosti 21, 1993| accessdate=December 27, 2020 | author=[[Robert K. Oermann]] | pages=1D, 2D}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXVUAAAAMAAJ | title = Celinda Pink| journal=Stereo Review | year=1993 | volume=58 | pages=85}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] dpbp0ofn9fztv76umhjmp8t75384za3 0 205161 1548665 1459782 2026-05-22T23:30:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Agnes Elvira Maria Willman''' ([[10 Agosti]] [[1875]] – [[17 Aprili]] [[1925]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]], mwandishi wa [[habari]], na mwanamapinduzi [[Ukomunisti|mkomunisti]] kutoka [[Ufini]] ambaye alikuwa mmoja wa [[wanawake]] mashuhuri katika harakati za wafanyakazi za mapema za Finland. Willman pia anachukuliwa kama mwandishi wa kwanza wa wanawake wa tabaka la wafanyakazi nchini Finland, licha ya kuwa alikulia katika familia ya kibepari. Baada ya Vita vya Kidemokrasia vya Ufini vya mwaka 1918, Willman na mumewe, Voitto Eloranta walikimbilia [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]]. Walikamatwa baadaye na kulaumiwa kwa kushiriki katika Tukio la Klabu ya Kuusinen, ambapo wanamapinduzi nane wa Kifini walikuwa wameuawa. Eloranta aliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi mwaka 1922 na Willman aliuawa mwaka 1925. == Maisha == Elvira Willman alizaliwa katika mji wa magharibi wa Finland wa Uusikaupunki. Baada ya talaka ya wazazi wake, Willman alihamia [[Helsinki]], akihitimu kutoka shule ya upili inayozungumza Lugha ya Kiswidi mwaka 1894. Alisoma lugha, historia na fasihi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Helsinki na alitumia msimu wa 1899–1900 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Paris. Aliporejea Finland, Willman alikuwa mwepesi katika chama cha Chama cha Kijana cha Finland na alijitolea kwa kupinga Russification ya Finland. Alijivutia kwa harakati za wafanyakazi. Willman alijiunga na Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Finland na alifanya kazi kama mwandishi katika jarida la fasihi la kisoshalisti. Mwezi Agosti 1906, Willman alihusishwa na Vasi la Sveaborg, uasi wa manowari wa Kirusi katika ngome ya Suomenlinna iliyo karibu na Helsinki. Alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliokuwa na uhusiano na waasi huko [[Helsinki]] na nyumba ya Willman ilitumika kama mahali pa mikutano.<ref name=hyttinen>{{cite book|last=Hyttinen|first=Elsi|date=2012|title=Kovaa työtä ja kohtalon oikkuja. Elvira Willmanin kamppailu työläiskirjallisuuden tekijyydestä vuosisadan vaihteen Suomessa|url=https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/74829|location=Turku|publisher=University of Turku|page=|isbn=978-951-29493-9-7}}</ref> Wakati wa Vita vya Kidemokrasia vya Finland vya 1918, Willman alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari kwani mumewe alikuwa mshiriki katika kamati kuu ya Red Guard katika Fronti ya Savo. Kadri vita ilivyokuwa inageuka dhidi ya Wekundu, Willman alikimbilia Urusi ya Soviet pamoja na watoto wake, na Eloranta alifuata hivi karibuni. Wote walijiunga na Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Finland kilichokuwa kimehamia uhamishoni huko Saint Petersburg na walijihusisha na upinzani wa chama dhidi ya kamati kuu. Mnamo 31 Agosti 1920, mzozo ulizidi kuwa mbaya wakati wanachama wanane wa kamati kuu walikufa kwa mauaji katika ofisi zao. Mahakama ya Urusi ilimkuta Voitto Eloranta na hatia ya kuwa mtayarishaji mkuu, ingawa alikana kuhusika. Eloranta aliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi mnamo Novemba 1922, lakini Willman aliachiliwa huru kwa kuwa hakupatikana na ushahidi dhidi yake. Willman alihamia Moscow ambapo alikamatwa tena mnamo Julai 1924. Alihukumiwa mnamo 13 Aprili 1925, na kuuwawa siku nne baadaye.<ref>{{cite book|last=Paastela|first=Jukka|date=2003|title=Finnish Communism under Soviet Totalitarianism: Oppositions within the Finnish Communist Party in Soviet Russia 1918-1935|url=|location=Helsinki|publisher=Kikimora Publications|page=|isbn=952-10075-5-9}}</ref> == Kazi == Kazi za Willman zinashughulikia masuala ya haki za wanawake na hata yanagusia masuala ya queer. Alianza kazi yake kwa tamthilia *Lyyli*, ambayo ilioneshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Finland mwaka 1903.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schoolfield|first=George C.|date=1998|title=A History of Finland's Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffinland00geor|url-access=registration|location=Lincoln, NE|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffinland00geor/page/110 110]|isbn=978-080-32418-9-3}}</ref>Ni hadithi kuhusu mwanamke wa tabaka la wafanyakazi aitwaye Lyyli, ambaye kwanza anadanganywa na kisha kuachwa na mwanamume wa tabaka la juu. Tamthilia ya mwaka 1907 *Kellarikerroksessa* (*Katika Basimenti*) inajikita katika mada za ukahaba na uqueer. Riwaya yake *Vallankumouksen vyöry* (*Wimbi la Mapinduzi*) ina vipengele vya wasifu wake binafsi, ikionyesha siku za uasi wa Sveaborg wa 1906, ingawa hadithi yenyewe inatokea wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917. Riwaya hiyo pia inajumuisha sehemu fupi inayoonyesha mvuto wa kimapenzi kati ya wanaume.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/sqs/article/viewFile/49714/14755|title=Lustrous Flowers, Rotten Soil, and Someone to Make the Tea: THE QUEER IN EARLY FINNISH WORKING-CLASS LITERATURE|work=SQS Journal|date=2014|language=|accessdate=19 November 2016|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182201/http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/sqs/article/viewFile/49714/14755|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1875|1925}} [[Jamii:waandishi wa Ufini]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] jvwv7t13opdbaibhmfxm3636bzutp2s 0 208438 1548836 1496798 2026-05-23T06:40:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Géraldine Tobe''' (alizaliwa Kinshasa, 9 Februari 1992) ni msanii wa picha na mchoraji kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Akiwa mtoto, alishtakiwa kwa uchawi na kufanyiwa ibada ya kumtoa pepo kwa nguvu. Sasa hupaka turubai zake kwa kutumia moshi wa taa ya mafuta. Kazi zake za sanaa huhoji imani za mababu na nafasi ya dini ya kikoloni, zikielezea mateso yake binafsi pamoja na yale ya wanawake na watu wa Kongo kwa ujumla. Amepata umaarufu wa kimataifa, maonyesho katika nchi tofauti ulimwenguni na anashiriki katika miradi inayohusiana na urejeshaji wa kazi za sanaa. == Wasifu == === Utoto na elimu === Géraldine Tobe alizaliwa mnamo Februari 9, 1992, katika familia ya watoto wanne, huko Kinshasa, Zaire. Wakiwa watoto, Géraldine Tobe na kaka yake mkubwa Joël, ambaye alikuwa na ulemavu wa kiakili na ambaye shauku yake ya kuchora ilikuwa ya kutatanisha, walionwa na [[Mchungaji|wachungaji]] wa [[Ukristo wa Kiinjilisti|Kiinjilisti]] kuwa watoto wachawi wakawekwa chini ya [[mazinguo]] ambapo walipigwa, wakawekwa kwenye mduara wa mishumaa ndani ya moshi mzito wa uvumba kwa siku kadhaa, bila kula wala kunywa. Joel aliacha kuongea na kuchora baada ya kiwewe hicho. Geraldine Tobe, ambaye anamwona kuwa msanii wa kweli wa wawili hao, anasema kwamba alimpa zawadi yake,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=Editions La pensée|last=sauvage|title=L'art et la culture : une histoire de performance ?|url=https://revuelautre.com/documents/lart-et-la-culture-une-histoire-de-performance/|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> . Tukio hili la kutisha liko nyuma ya mazoezi yake ya kisanii : anatumia moshi kutoka kwa taa ya mafuta kupaka rangi <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Géraldine Tobe Mutamande|url=https://pointcontemporain.com/geraldine-tobe-mutamande/|date=2020|accessdate=2022-11-20|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120223239/https://pointcontemporain.com/geraldine-tobe-mutamande/|url-status=dead}}</ref> . Anaripoti kupasuliwa kati ya utamaduni wake wa jadi na [[Ukristo]] ulioingizwa na wakoloni . Hata aliingia katika shule ya utawa wa Kikristo . Zaidi ya hayo, nyanya yake, Mluba kutoka [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]], ambaye huabudu mababu, alimpa dhana ya ''Kalunga'', mpaka wa majini ambao hutenganisha walio hai na wafu katika mawazo ya Kongo, lakini pia <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=es|first=Rodrigo|last=Santodomingo|title=El despertar espiritual en el arte africano que Europa se niega a devolver|url=https://elpais.com/planeta-futuro/2022-05-16/el-despertar-espiritual-en-el-arte-africano-que-europa-se-niega-a-devolver.html|date=2022-05-16|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> . Alisoma katika Chuo cha Sanaa Nzuri huko Kinshasa ambapo, akiwa msichana pekee katika darasa lake, alipata digrii ya bachelor katika uchoraji mnamo 2012. Wakati huo, alijiunga na kikundi cha Wakongo " Wasanii wa Bokutani walikusanyika » <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Geraldine Tobe - Bandombe Galerie {{!}} Vente d'Art contemporain africain en ligne|url=https://bandombe.com/artiste/tobe/|accessdate=2022-11-20|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120230246/https://bandombe.com/artiste/tobe/|url-status=dead}}</ref>,<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Geraldine Tobe en résidence|url=https://www.africamuseum.be/fr/get_involved/artists/tobe|accessdate=2022-11-20}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|title=Géraldine TOBE|url=https://www.africanspaceartproject.com/artists/geraldine-tobe/|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> . === Usemi wa kisanii === Hapo awali alichora kwa njia ya kitamaduni, lakini mnamo 2004, bila kuridhika, alichoma picha zake za kuchora. Kisha akaanza kupaka rangi na moshi kutoka kwa taa ya mafuta, akiunganisha sanaa yake na majeraha ya utoto wake. : usiku, moto na roho<ref name=":3"/> . Géraldine Tobe anafanya kazi chini ya turubai iliyoning'inia kwenye gorofa, ambayo yeye huweka stencil na kusogeza taa. Kisha anachimba, anakata, na kutaja athari za masizi . Kazi zake zinaonyesha picha potovu zinazoshuhudia mateso yake binafsi, yale ya wanawake wanaotendewa isivyo haki na watu walio katika umaskini na jeuri . Picha zake za uchoraji zinahusu ethnografia na mahali pa kanisa katika historia ya ukoloni na kiroho cha mababu. Kwenye turubai zake, barakoa za Kiafrika huchanganyika na miili iliyotengana, inayocheza. Matumizi ya moto na moshi humruhusu, anasema, kuunganisha ulimwengu usio na mwili na ulimwengu wa kimwili <ref name=":3"/>,<ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=La|last=Rédaction|title=Géraldine Tobé : cette « artiviste » qui met l’art au service de la santé mentale.|url=https://www.onart.media/fr/portrait/geraldine-tobe-cette-artiviste-qui-met-lart-au-service-de-la-sante-mentale/|date=2021-05-01|accessdate=2022-11-20}}</ref> . "Ninafanya kazi kwa kutumia moto kama brashi na moshi kama rangi" Anafurahia kushiriki katika maonyesho ya mitaani, kuwasiliana na wakazi wa Kinshasa, na kuwasilisha sanaa yake kwa watazamaji wengi. Ambayo wakati mwingine husababisha kutokuelewana na athari za vurugu <ref name=":4"/> . == Maonyesho (uteuzi) == * 2018 : ** Dakar Biennale <ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=En sol majeur - Géraldine Tobé, la flamme congolaise|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/en-sol-majeur/20210815-g%C3%A9raldine-tob%C3%A9-la-flamme-congolaise|date=2021-08-15|accessdate=2022-11-20}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Géraldine Tobe {{!}} Mu in the City|url=https://www.mu-inthecity.com/tag/geraldine-tobe|accessdate=2022-11-21|archive-date=2022-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121124122/https://www.mu-inthecity.com/tag/geraldine-tobe|url-status=dead}}</ref>,<ref name=":9">{{Rejea tovuti|title=mediacongo.net - Actualités - Expo : Géraldine Tobe à l'épreuve de '' l'écran de fumée''|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-35945_expo_geraldine_tobe_a_l_epreuve_de_l_ecran_de_fumee.html|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> ** ''L'Écran de fumée'', Institut français, Kinshasa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=LECRAN DE FUMEE DE GERALDINE TOBE {{!}} Bizcongo|url=https://www.bizcongo.com/agenda/lecran-de-fumee-de-geraldine-tobe|accessdate=2022-11-21|archive-date=2022-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121124136/https://www.bizcongo.com/agenda/lecran-de-fumee-de-geraldine-tobe|url-status=dead}}</ref>,<ref name=":9" /> ** ''Megalopolis.'' ''Stimmen kutoka Kinshasa'' , Grassi Museum, [[Leipzig]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig: Megalopolis #1 – Stimmen aus Kinshasa|url=https://grassi-voelkerkunde.skd.museum/ausstellungen/megalopolis-1-stimmen-aus-kinshasa/|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> * 2019 : ''Pilar'', maonyesho ya pamoja wakati wa maadhimisho ya miaka 50 ya Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels <ref name=":1"/> * 2020 : ''Wanawake wa Kiafrika kwa ajili ya Sanaa'', nyumba ya sanaa ya Art'Z, Paris <ref name=":8">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Renaud Barret et Géraldine Tobe pour « Système K »|url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/un-jour-dans-le-monde/renaud-barret-et-geraldine-tobe-pour-systeme-k-1300592|date=2020-01-15|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=AWA: une exposition dédiée aux artistes africaines à Paris|url=https://lespanafricaines.com/lng/fr/2020/01/29/awa-une-exposition-dediee-aux-artistes-africaines-a-paris/|date=2020-01-29|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> * 2022 ** ''Hauko tayari kwa hili'', Brussels <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en|title=Kalunga: overzichtstentoonstelling van Géraldine Tobe|url=https://www.vub.be/en/event/kalunga-overzichtstentoonstelling-van-geraldine-tobe|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> == Tuzo == * 2018: Mshindi wa Mwisho wa Tuzo ya Sanaa ya Luxemburg <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Luxembourg Art Prize @ Pinacotheque|url=https://www.pinacotheque.lu/fr/luxembourg-art-prize-fr/|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> == Filamu == Filamu ya ''Milinga-Fumée'' iliyoongozwa na Bob Nelson Makengo mwaka wa 2015 imetolewa kwa Géraldine Tobe <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Films + rencontre - Nelson Makengo, documentariste congolais|url=https://zintv.org/agenda/films-rencontre-nelson-makengo-documentariste-congolais/|accessdate=2022-11-21}}</ref> . Mnamo 2019, alishiriki katika filamu iliyoongozwa na Renaud Barret '', Système K'', ambayo inaonyesha eneo la kisanii la Kongo <ref name=":8"/> . == Bibliografia == * Aude Bernard, ''Sanaa na Utamaduni : hadithi ya utendaji ?'' ''Tafakari kulingana na safari ya Géraldine Tobe mjini Kinshasa : kutoka kwa mtoto mchawi hadi msanii aliyejitolea'', L'Autre, gazeti la transcultural, sd <small>[https://revuelautre.com/documents/lart-et-la-culture-une-histoire-de-performance/ Soma mtandaoni]</small> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 5luacu0auoq438w9bwo8o2i9lq9h6f4 4 208508 1548555 1548202 2026-05-22T18:24:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1548555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3044 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1125 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2205 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 529 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 430 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 366 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1145 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 742 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 877 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34928 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26228 || ↓ -2.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 151.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1131 || ↓ -9.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1063 || ↓ -14.4% |- | 3 || [[Uingereza]] || 858 || ↑ +82.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 740 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 726 || ↑ +106.8% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 654 || ↑ +3.8% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 529 || ↑ +17.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 490 || ↓ -11.1% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 452 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 96 || 6.1% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} df7jk4iyhbhxkjki61w35mftf5kzp0i 1548556 1548555 2026-05-22T18:26:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1548556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3044 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1063 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2132 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 529 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 430 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 366 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1131 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 726 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34928 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26228 || ↓ -2.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 151.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1131 || ↓ -9.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1063 || ↓ -14.4% |- | 3 || [[Uingereza]] || 858 || ↑ +82.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 740 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 726 || ↑ +106.8% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 654 || ↑ +3.8% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 529 || ↑ +17.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 490 || ↓ -11.1% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 452 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 96 || 6.1% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} f71spn6m75sp5zhx57ca2is9yuuzj98 1548830 1548556 2026-05-23T06:22:39Z Gayle157 73366 1548830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3044 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1063 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2132 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 529 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 430 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 366 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1131 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 726 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34928 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26228 || ↓ -2.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 151.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1131 || ↓ -9.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1063 || ↓ -14.4% |- | 3 || [[Uingereza]] || 858 || ↑ +82.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 740 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 726 || ↑ +106.8% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 654 || ↑ +3.8% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 529 || ↑ +17.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 490 || ↓ -11.1% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 452 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 96 || 6.1% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} dgfk536j4vns1al424ms0fue47xh2pr 1548874 1548830 2026-05-23T08:33:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1548874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3044 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1063 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2132 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 529 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 430 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 366 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1131 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 726 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34930 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 24005 || ↓ -9.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 138.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1115 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1087 || ↓ -12.8% |- | 3 || [[Ufaransa]] || 725 || ↑ +101.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 711 || ↑ +13.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 632 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 531 || ↑ +14.2% |- | 7 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 464 || ↓ -17.3% |- | 9 || [[Uganda]] || 437 || ↑ +36.6% |- | 10 || [[Zambia]] || 417 || ↑ +116.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 98 || 6.2% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} fdfe5yuf7382zdnpmbis78ptqp2zb1q 1548877 1548874 2026-05-23T08:35:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1548877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 632 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 711 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2925 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1087 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2128 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 531 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 464 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1115 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 725 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 282 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 417 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34930 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 24005 || ↓ -9.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 138.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1115 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1087 || ↓ -12.8% |- | 3 || [[Ufaransa]] || 725 || ↑ +101.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 711 || ↑ +13.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 632 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 531 || ↑ +14.2% |- | 7 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 464 || ↓ -17.3% |- | 9 || [[Uganda]] || 437 || ↑ +36.6% |- | 10 || [[Zambia]] || 417 || ↑ +116.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 98 || 6.2% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} lpoevwp8icti1zifa23lb0u1ax17ql5 1548985 1548877 2026-05-23T10:45:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1548985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 711 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 632 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2925 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1087 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2128 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 531 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 464 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1115 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 725 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 282 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 417 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34930 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 24005 || ↓ -9.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 138.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1115 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1087 || ↓ -12.8% |- | 3 || [[Ufaransa]] || 725 || ↑ +101.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 711 || ↑ +13.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 632 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 531 || ↑ +14.2% |- | 7 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 464 || ↓ -17.3% |- | 9 || [[Uganda]] || 437 || ↑ +36.6% |- | 10 || [[Zambia]] || 417 || ↑ +116.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 700 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 98 || 6.2% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} ldwc4lvjhg7d816jqyivxfkw5tey87v 1548986 1548985 2026-05-23T10:45:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1548986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 711 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 632 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2925 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1087 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2128 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 531 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 464 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1115 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 725 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 282 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 417 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34935 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 29813 || ↓ -7.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 172.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2925 || ↓ -2.4% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1115 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1087 || ↓ -12.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 854 || ↑ +78.3% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 725 || ↑ +101.9% |- | 6 || [[Kenya]] || 711 || ↑ +13.8% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 632 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 531 || ↑ +14.2% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 480 || ↑ +1900.0% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 471 || ↓ -9.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 703 || 44.3% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.6% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 99 || 6.2% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} rpfiiql7bsc84arqtw58xtgbhbjls59 0 211255 1548599 1510844 2026-05-22T19:49:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deoroop Teemal''' ([[1955]] au [[1956]] – [[3 Agosti]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Senator Deoroop Teemal|url=https://www.ttparliament.org/members/member/deoroop-teemal/|website=Parliament of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=November 17, 2018|title=President appoints six new Senators|url=https://www.loopnews.com/content/president-appoints-six-new-senators/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=Loop News|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Four new Independent Senators join Parliament today|url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/news/four-new-independent-senators-join-parliament-today-6.2.1797887.e1237ac146|access-date=2025-04-26|website=Trinidad and Tobago Guardian|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Teemal alikuwa [[mwenyekiti]] wa IDYTT. Aliteuliwa kuwa seneta huru katika [[Senati|Seneti]] mwaka [[2018]]. Mnamo mwaka [[2023]], alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa Baraza Kuu la Utamaduni wa [[Uhindi|Wahindi]] (National Council of Indian Culture – NCIC). Deoroop Teemal alifariki dunia tarehe 3 Agosti 2025, akiwa na umri wa miaka 69. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Trinidad na Tobago]] o6pl5r99coyntyyxb6s4ctt3fa1pzxr 0 212083 1548312 1446499 2026-05-22T12:34:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bodi ya Usajili wa Teknolojia za Uhandisi ya Kenya''' (kwa Kiingereza: '''Kenya Engineering Technology Registration Board''', ufupi: '''KETRB''') ni shirika la kitawala nchini Kenya lililoundwa kwa Sheria ya Teknolojia ya Uhandisi ya mwaka 2016<ref>Kenya Gazette Supplement No 131: Act No 23. (2016). [online] Government of Kenya. Available at: https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2016/No._23_of_2016.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/2016/No._23_of_2016.pdf |date=20240711071227 }} [Accessed 21 Aug. 2025].</ref>. Wajibu wake ni kudhibiti na kusanifisha utendaji kazi wa mafundisanifu na wahandisi wanateknolojia. Kwa mujibu wa sheria, KETRB hudhibiti matumizi ya ujuzi wa kiuhandisi. Inahusika pia katika kudhibiti vyuo vinavyofundisha elimu ya kiufundi katika uhandisi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Uhandisi}} [[Jamii:mashirika ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:wahandisi wa Kenya]] s7420ms7g35rc3g754qhelqzxvm3l0g 0 219544 1548322 1547839 2026-05-22T12:45:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/Redakteurrr|Redakteurrr]] ([[User talk:Redakteurrr|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 1495658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bilal Göregen''' (alizaliwa [[4 Septemba]], [[1988]]) ni mwanamuziki wa mitaani na mpiga ngoma wa [[Uturuki]]. Yeye ni kipofu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/the-kiffness-collab-with-a-turkish-street-drummer-goes-viral/|title=Watch: The Kiffness' collab with a Turkish street drummer goes viral [video]|date=13 January 2021|work=The South African}}</ref> na amekuwa maarufu kupitia uimbaji wake wa [[Ievan Polka]], ambapo mtumiaji wa Twitter aliweka paka akiinamisha kichwa chake kwenye video yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://m.freepressjournal.in/article/viral/watch-cat-vibing-turkish-musician-is-back-with-rendition-of-2000s-hit-song-kaliyon-ka-chaman/654cb812-3380-43e2-84d9-71afd5cac78a|title=Watch: 'Cat vibing' Turkish musician is back with rendition of 2000s hit song 'Kaliyon Ka Chaman'|accessdate=23 April 2021|archivedate=23 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423173432/https://m.freepressjournal.in/article/viral/watch-cat-vibing-turkish-musician-is-back-with-rendition-of-2000s-hit-song-kaliyon-ka-chaman/654cb812-3380-43e2-84d9-71afd5cac78a}}</ref> YouTube ameweka video yake ya uigizaji iliyokuwa [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/magazin/youtube-instagramda-bilal-goregenin-videosunu-paylasti|title=YouTube, Instagram'da Bilal Göregen'in videosunu paylaştı|work=CNN Türk|date=4 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.haberler.com/zileli-ogrenciler-bilal-goregen-ile-stres-atti-4450236-haberi/|title=Zileli Öğrenciler Bilal Göregen ile Stres Attı|date=21 March 2013|work=Haberler.com|accessdate=2025-12-29|archive-date=2013-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326105617/http://www.haberler.com/zileli-ogrenciler-bilal-goregen-ile-stres-atti-4450236-haberi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://odatv4.com/sosyal-medya-bu-dogaclamayi-konusuyor-0112141200.html|title=Bilal Göregen'den Ehlisünnet TV'ye özel doğaçlama|work=odatv|date=December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/bilal-goregen-imamoglu-ile-video-cektigim-icin-tepki-aldim-1804503|title=Bilal Göregen: İmamoğlu ile video çektiğim için tepki aldım|work=www.cumhuriyet.com.tr|date=August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.dw.com/tr/bilal-g%C3%B6regen-trump%C4%B1-biden%C4%B1-oynatt%C4%B1lar-beni-bile-oynat%C4%B1yor-bu-%C5%9Fark%C4%B1/av-56172492|title=Bilal Göregen: Trump'ı, Biden'ı oynattılar, beni bile oynatıyor bu şarkı &#124; DW &#124; 09.01.2021|first=Deutsche|author=Welle (www.dw.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/visually-impaired-turkish-musician-in-cat-vibing-to-ievan-polka-video-wants-to-play-for-us-president-elect-160690|title=Visually-impaired Turkish musician in 'cat vibing to Ievan Polka' video wants to play for US president-elect - Turkey News|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=9 December 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] 6bsxnmkftqk0hcj4i4lxy9k3qzbc1cg 0 224863 1548669 1511808 2026-05-23T00:07:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eprime Eshag''' (alizaliwa Urmia, [[Iran]], [[6 Novemba]] [[1918]] – alifariki Oxford, [[Uingereza]], [[24 Novemba]] [[1998]]) alikuwa mwanauchumi wa kisoshalisti wa mwelekeo wa Keynes mwenye asili ya Waashuru wa Iran. <ref name="Joshi">{{cite news| last=Joshi | first=Heather | date=15 December 1998 | newspaper=[[The Independent]] | title=Obituary: Eprime Eshag | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-eprime-eshag-1191517.html }}</ref><ref name="Zind">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/1999/apr5_1999.htm|title=ZENDA - April 5, 1999|accessdate=2026-02-26|archive-date=2024-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805025519/http://zindamagazine.com/html/archives/1999/apr5_1999.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Golestan">Golestan, Ebrahim and Andrew Roth (1998) Keynes's Iranian pupil, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 December 1998; p. 22</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1918]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1998]] [[jamii:watu wa Iran]] 4vb3hjfj1lif7dh1mskeuwz4cws5320 3 225161 1548369 1544209 2026-05-22T13:20:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mradi wa Nchi */ 1548369 wikitext text/x-wiki == karibu == karibu sana ndugu Egipa tunakuthamini sana @[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:33, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) ==Kuchangia makala== Ukikuta makala ipo, usifute kazi ya wenzio kwa kutafsiri upya, tena kwa mashine. Ongezea palepale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 25 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka Riccardo, nimeupokea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:23, 26 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa, lakini umerudia tena kosa hilohilo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::Ahsante tena kwa ushauri labda sijakuelewa kaka Riccardo ukisema ninafuta kazi ya wenzangu unamanisha ninafuta baadhi ya maneno au kazi nzima? Au nini haswa ninachofuta naomba unielewesha hapo '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::Sawa, angalia makala [[Sarah Gertrude Millin]]. Uliikuta ipo, na picha yake pia. Lakini ukaacha kuichangia na badala yake ulitafsiri upya ukurasa wa Kiingereza juu yake. Hivyo ukapoteza kazi ya waliokutangulia, pamoja na picha. Ikanibidi kuirudia bila kudharau nyongeza zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::ahsante sana hapo nimekuelewa vizuri mnoo na ninaomba radhi kwa kufuta kazi ya wenzangu japo sio kwa makisudi nitahakikisha kuangalia jina kama limeshaandikwa kabla ya kuweka mchango wangu. Ninashururu mno kwa ushauri wako kaka [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 08:40, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::::mimi nina swali kaka @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] hivi ni sawa ninavyotumia translation tool kwa ajili ya kutransalate from english to swahili? i would have loved to use the normal typing method but currently i am in a competition contest and i need to work at a faster pace...please advice me. i want my work to be of high quality but i also need to have super speed because the person with the most written documentation get the price. Your advice would be of great help. Ahsante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:55, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ndiyo matokeo ya kutoa zawadi kwa kuangalia wingi kuliko ubora. Sijui tuzo ikoje, lakini ndivyo ilivyo. Kwa kweli kurasa zako zina makosa mengi, kwa mfano kwa kawaida zinaanza na ubini tu wa mhusika, bila majina ya binafsi. Pia nimegundua unapenda na labda unajua Kiingereza kuliko Kiswahili. Hata ujumbe ulionitumia leo unaonyesha hilo... Utambue kwamba baadhi ya washindani wako wameshazoea uhariri kuliko wewe, hivyo si rahisi kuwashinda. Ila ukizidi kujifunza, pengine siku za mbele utakuwa na uzoefu utakaokusaidia kuwahi tuzo. Usichoke kupitia makala zako baada ya sisi kuzisahihisha walau kiasi. Ndiyo njia ya kujifunza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:38, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka. Ninautafakari na nitachukua hatua. Barikiwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:45, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Matumizi ya Translation tool == Habari ndugu, Unatumia Translation tool na kuchapisha makala bila ya kuifanyia marekebisha kabisa. Hakikisha unapitia makala kwa kuweka kiswahili vizuri na miundo ya sentensi na sio kuamini kile kilichofanywa na tool yenyewe. Aidha ni bora kutumia njia ya kawaida kwa kufanya tafsiri kidogo kidogo na sio kutumia tool kutafsiri makala nzima bila ya mapitio ya kutosha. Matumizi ya translation tool sio vibaya kwani inarahisisha kazi ila inakuhitaji umakini wa kutosha kwenye kuweka kiswahili vizuri kabla ya kuchapisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:48, 9 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako ndugu Anuary nimeanza kutengeneza pakae viruri kwenye kazi yangu naomba uendelee kuzidi kunishauri. Kwa sababu unanijenga [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 11:00, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Ubora wa Makala == Ndugu, kwenye kuhariri makala zako zipitie na uzisafishe vizuuri kuna baadhi ya makosa umekua ukiyarejea, kwanza kwenye kuweka vyanzo usitafsiri vyanzo vichukue kama vilivyo na uvi bandike (paste) sehemu husika na pia usitumia Akili Bandia (AI) kwani utasababisha makala zako kufutwa kabisa au kufungiwa akaunti yako kama utashindwa kufanya vile inatakiwa, na kingine ukitasfiri makala embu zipitie zisome na uziweke zikae sawa, amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 14 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri kaka nimeupokea na nitaufanyia kazi. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 06:51, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Kasi imezidi mno! Kurasa za dakika moja haziwezi kuwa na ubora. Nyingi ni fupi kupindukia na nyingine hazina vyanzo kabisa. Unataka tukusimamishe kwanza? Katika jamii mtu wa Misri wa Kale unamweka kati ya waliofariki mwaka 1992 BK! Kweli? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:50, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Sawa ahsante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nitaufanyia kazi ushauri wako '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Pamoja na hayo naomba usinisimamishe, nitaweka bidii zaidi kwenye kazi zangu kaka '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::Naona bado unafanya makosa yale yale. Je bado kunahaja ya kuto kukupumzisha? Makala zako sasa zina changamoto ya marejeo ambayo nimuhimu kweli kweli kwa kila makala. Tafadhari rekebisha mpaka ifikapo jumaa tatu tare 11.05.2026. Amani kwakoǃ '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::habari ndugu, kuna changamoto zipi kwenye marejeo? '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:21, 10 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::::Haraka haraka haina baraka. Huoni unavyonilazimisha kusahihisha makala zako kila dakika kwa makosa yaleyale, kuanzia kichwa cha Kiingereza? Kweli hujui kwamba politician au footballer si Kiswahili? Huwezi kuandika mwanasiasa au mwanasoka? Usipobadilika, itanibidi nikuzuie kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::::Habari kaka Riccardo kwa kweli niliwaza kwamba ni bora niache kichwa cha kingereza kwa mantiki kwamba mtu akitaka kumtafuta mtu huyo akikopi na kupesti jina lake kwenye wikipedia ya kiswahili iwe rahisi yeye kumpata kumbe ninakosea. :::::::Nitajirekebisha na haitajirudia tena kaka. Ahsante kwa kunijenga. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:10, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:18, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa taarifa hii ndugu. Naomba nitafakari hilo swala ili nikusanye mawazo alafu ntakurudia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:30, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Nia ilikuwa njema, lakini unapoona tunapeleka kwenye Kiswahili mara 10 na zaidi, ujiulize sababu ni nini. Shida huangalii masahihisho tunayofanya, hivyo hamjifunzi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:23, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ni kweli kaka. Nitalifanyia na hilo kazi na kuzidi kujufunza. Shukrani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::Legeza mwendo, tafadhali! Katika makala mbalimbali umeandika fulani ni fulani. Ni tautology kwa Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) ie00mpsooowog9bjbalob0p5063tp7t 1548670 1548369 2026-05-23T00:09:20Z Valuegirl 87699 /* Mradi wa Nchi */ Jibu 1548670 wikitext text/x-wiki == karibu == karibu sana ndugu Egipa tunakuthamini sana @[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:33, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) ==Kuchangia makala== Ukikuta makala ipo, usifute kazi ya wenzio kwa kutafsiri upya, tena kwa mashine. Ongezea palepale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 25 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka Riccardo, nimeupokea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:23, 26 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa, lakini umerudia tena kosa hilohilo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::Ahsante tena kwa ushauri labda sijakuelewa kaka Riccardo ukisema ninafuta kazi ya wenzangu unamanisha ninafuta baadhi ya maneno au kazi nzima? Au nini haswa ninachofuta naomba unielewesha hapo '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::Sawa, angalia makala [[Sarah Gertrude Millin]]. Uliikuta ipo, na picha yake pia. Lakini ukaacha kuichangia na badala yake ulitafsiri upya ukurasa wa Kiingereza juu yake. Hivyo ukapoteza kazi ya waliokutangulia, pamoja na picha. Ikanibidi kuirudia bila kudharau nyongeza zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::ahsante sana hapo nimekuelewa vizuri mnoo na ninaomba radhi kwa kufuta kazi ya wenzangu japo sio kwa makisudi nitahakikisha kuangalia jina kama limeshaandikwa kabla ya kuweka mchango wangu. Ninashururu mno kwa ushauri wako kaka [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 08:40, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::::mimi nina swali kaka @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] hivi ni sawa ninavyotumia translation tool kwa ajili ya kutransalate from english to swahili? i would have loved to use the normal typing method but currently i am in a competition contest and i need to work at a faster pace...please advice me. i want my work to be of high quality but i also need to have super speed because the person with the most written documentation get the price. Your advice would be of great help. Ahsante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:55, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ndiyo matokeo ya kutoa zawadi kwa kuangalia wingi kuliko ubora. Sijui tuzo ikoje, lakini ndivyo ilivyo. Kwa kweli kurasa zako zina makosa mengi, kwa mfano kwa kawaida zinaanza na ubini tu wa mhusika, bila majina ya binafsi. Pia nimegundua unapenda na labda unajua Kiingereza kuliko Kiswahili. Hata ujumbe ulionitumia leo unaonyesha hilo... Utambue kwamba baadhi ya washindani wako wameshazoea uhariri kuliko wewe, hivyo si rahisi kuwashinda. Ila ukizidi kujifunza, pengine siku za mbele utakuwa na uzoefu utakaokusaidia kuwahi tuzo. Usichoke kupitia makala zako baada ya sisi kuzisahihisha walau kiasi. Ndiyo njia ya kujifunza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:38, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka. Ninautafakari na nitachukua hatua. Barikiwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:45, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Matumizi ya Translation tool == Habari ndugu, Unatumia Translation tool na kuchapisha makala bila ya kuifanyia marekebisha kabisa. Hakikisha unapitia makala kwa kuweka kiswahili vizuri na miundo ya sentensi na sio kuamini kile kilichofanywa na tool yenyewe. Aidha ni bora kutumia njia ya kawaida kwa kufanya tafsiri kidogo kidogo na sio kutumia tool kutafsiri makala nzima bila ya mapitio ya kutosha. Matumizi ya translation tool sio vibaya kwani inarahisisha kazi ila inakuhitaji umakini wa kutosha kwenye kuweka kiswahili vizuri kabla ya kuchapisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:48, 9 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako ndugu Anuary nimeanza kutengeneza pakae viruri kwenye kazi yangu naomba uendelee kuzidi kunishauri. Kwa sababu unanijenga [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 11:00, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Ubora wa Makala == Ndugu, kwenye kuhariri makala zako zipitie na uzisafishe vizuuri kuna baadhi ya makosa umekua ukiyarejea, kwanza kwenye kuweka vyanzo usitafsiri vyanzo vichukue kama vilivyo na uvi bandike (paste) sehemu husika na pia usitumia Akili Bandia (AI) kwani utasababisha makala zako kufutwa kabisa au kufungiwa akaunti yako kama utashindwa kufanya vile inatakiwa, na kingine ukitasfiri makala embu zipitie zisome na uziweke zikae sawa, amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 14 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa ushauri kaka nimeupokea na nitaufanyia kazi. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-18921-50|&#126;2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-18921-50|talk]]) 06:51, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Kasi imezidi mno! Kurasa za dakika moja haziwezi kuwa na ubora. Nyingi ni fupi kupindukia na nyingine hazina vyanzo kabisa. Unataka tukusimamishe kwanza? Katika jamii mtu wa Misri wa Kale unamweka kati ya waliofariki mwaka 1992 BK! Kweli? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:50, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Sawa ahsante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nitaufanyia kazi ushauri wako '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Pamoja na hayo naomba usinisimamishe, nitaweka bidii zaidi kwenye kazi zangu kaka '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::Naona bado unafanya makosa yale yale. Je bado kunahaja ya kuto kukupumzisha? Makala zako sasa zina changamoto ya marejeo ambayo nimuhimu kweli kweli kwa kila makala. Tafadhari rekebisha mpaka ifikapo jumaa tatu tare 11.05.2026. Amani kwakoǃ '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::habari ndugu, kuna changamoto zipi kwenye marejeo? '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:21, 10 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::::Haraka haraka haina baraka. Huoni unavyonilazimisha kusahihisha makala zako kila dakika kwa makosa yaleyale, kuanzia kichwa cha Kiingereza? Kweli hujui kwamba politician au footballer si Kiswahili? Huwezi kuandika mwanasiasa au mwanasoka? Usipobadilika, itanibidi nikuzuie kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::::Habari kaka Riccardo kwa kweli niliwaza kwamba ni bora niache kichwa cha kingereza kwa mantiki kwamba mtu akitaka kumtafuta mtu huyo akikopi na kupesti jina lake kwenye wikipedia ya kiswahili iwe rahisi yeye kumpata kumbe ninakosea. :::::::Nitajirekebisha na haitajirudia tena kaka. Ahsante kwa kunijenga. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:10, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:18, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ahsante sana kwa taarifa hii ndugu. Naomba nitafakari hilo swala ili nikusanye mawazo alafu ntakurudia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:30, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Nia ilikuwa njema, lakini unapoona tunapeleka kwenye Kiswahili mara 10 na zaidi, ujiulize sababu ni nini. Shida huangalii masahihisho tunayofanya, hivyo hamjifunzi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:23, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ni kweli kaka. Nitalifanyia na hilo kazi na kuzidi kujufunza. Shukrani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::Legeza mwendo, tafadhali! Katika makala mbalimbali umeandika fulani ni fulani. Ni tautology kwa Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::amani kwako kaka Richard nimelipokea hili na nitalifanyia kazi, shukrani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 00:09, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) iyyqyqu5w0217gyuvo747zhwqp5k0ds 0 227126 1548302 1530826 2026-05-22T12:16:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Binta Sarr Ly''' (anajulikana zaidi kama '''Binta Sarr'''; [[1954]] – 15 Septemba [[2019]]) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake kutoka [[Senegal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Géantes Invisibles / Invisible Giants |date=2020-12-06 |title=Binta Sarr: Of Solidarity and Endless Enthusiasm |url=https://www.geantesinvisibles.com/en/giant-binta-sarr/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.geantesinvisibles.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Alijulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha shirika la Association for the Advancement of Senegalese Women (APROFES), ambalo lililenga kuimarisha nafasi ya wanawake kijamii, kiuchumi na kielimu nchini Senegal. == Maisha ya awali == Sarr alikuwa mmoja wa watoto kumi na mmoja aliyezaliwa katika familia ya poligami katika mji wa vijijini wa [[Guinguinéo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Association for Women's Rights in Development |date=8 December 2020 |title=Binta Sarr |url=https://www.awid.org/whrd/binta-sarr |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.awid.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ashoka (non-profit organization) |title=Binta Sarr: APROFES - Association pour la Promotion de la Femme Sénégala |url=https://www.ashoka.org/en/fellow/binta-sarr |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.ashoka.org |language=en}}</ref> Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake katika eneo la [[Kaolack]]. Baba yake alikuwa mfanyabiashara aliyewahimiza watoto wake wa kike kupata elimu na kujitegemea kiuchumi na kijamii.<ref name=":1" /> Elimu yake ya awali aliipata katika Shule ya Msingi ya Kassaville, ambapo alisoma pamoja na mwandishi na mwanahabari Adama Gaye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=EnquêtePlus |date=11 October 2016 |title=Une militante ‘’active’’ de la cause féminine |url=https://www.enqueteplus.com/content/binta-sarr-presidente-de-l%E2%80%99aprofes-une-militante-%E2%80%98%E2%80%99active%E2%80%99%E2%80%99-de-la-cause-f%C3%A9minine |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.enqueteplus.com}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1974, alijiunga na chama cha vijana kilicholenga shughuli za kitamaduni na elimu katika Guinguinéo, ambapo alishiriki katika mijadala na shughuli za kielimu. Kupitia shughuli hizo pia alikutana na mume wake wa baadaye, ingawa walifunga ndoa mwaka [[1983]].<ref name=":1" /> === Elimu === Mwaka 1978, Sarr alipata ufadhili wa masomo kujiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop]] kusomea kemia na biolojia.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Wakati huo, chuo kilikuwa kitovu cha harakati za wanafunzi za kuhimiza demokrasia na mageuzi ya kijamii. Alijihusisha na shughuli za uanaharakati wa wanafunzi na alishiriki katika kamati za kuandaa migomo.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi == Baada ya kuhitimu mwaka [[1982]], Sarr alirudi nyumbani kwake na kujiunga na utumishi wa umma kama mhandisi wa maji (hydraulic engineer).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Alihudumu kwa miaka 13, akisimamia miradi ya visima, miundombinu ya barabara, madarasa na mifumo ya umwagiliaji.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2015-01-01 |title=Independent experts nominated by country party: Binta Sarr |url=https://www.unccd.int/roe/binta-sarr |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=UNCCD |language=en |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115013349/https://www.unccd.int/roe/binta-sarr |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika kazi yake ya awali, aligundua kuwa miradi ya maji ilikuwa na mafanikio zaidi pale wanawake walipohusishwa, kwa kuwa mara nyingi wao ndio waliobeba jukumu la kutafuta maji. Hii ilimshawishi kuhimiza ushirikishwaji wa wanawake katika usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=décadréE |date=15 June 2018 |title=Fatou Sow et le féminisme au Sénégal |url=https://decadree.com/le_webzine/fatou-sow-et-le-feminisme-au-senegal/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |language=fr}}</ref> Mawazo haya pamoja na imani yake kwamba maendeleo endelevu yanahitaji mipango thabiti ya kijamii, yalimpelekea kuanzisha shirika la kuwawezesha wanawake.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> == APROFES == Mwaka [[1987]], Sarr alianzisha shirika la '''APROFES''' (Association pour la Promotion des Femmes Sénégalaises), linalolenga kuwapa wanawake mafunzo ya uongozi na maendeleo ya kijamii. Shirika hilo lilipanua shughuli zake kwa kutoa mafunzo ya kilimo, elimu ya afya ya uzazi na mipango ya uzazi, pamoja na huduma za kijamii vijijini.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Bosco Bazié |first=Jean |date=2022-11-02 |title=Hommage à Binta SARR LY |url=https://www.eau-vive-internationale.org/hommage-a-binta-sarr-ly/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Eau Vive Internationale |language=fr}}</ref> APROFES pia ilitumia redio, maonyesho ya sanaa na midahalo ya kijamii kuelimisha jamii kuhusu changamoto mbalimbali kama vile ulevi, umaskini na mfumo wa tabaka nchini Senegal.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka [[2000]], shirika hili lilibadilishwa kuwa taasisi isiyo ya kiserikali (NGO).<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Géantes Invisibles |date=2023-09-07 |title=Binta Sarr - Géantes Invisibles |url=https://www.geantesinvisibles.com/biographie/binta-sarr/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=geantesinvisibles.com |language=fr}}</ref> == Utetezi wa haki za wanawake == Sarr alihusishwa na mapambano ya usawa wa kijinsia na haki za wanawake katika Afrika. Mwaka 2000 aliandika insha kuhusu umaskini wa wanawake nchini Senegal.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |title=Le bateau ivre de la mondialisation |date=2000 |publisher=Syllepse ; CADTM |isbn=978-2-913165-34-2 |pages=96–112 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka [[2012]] alichangia katika utafiti wa haki za wanawake na upatikanaji wa haki kwa waathirika wa ukatili wa kijinsia kupitia Royal Tropical Institute.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012 |title=Women in search of citizenship |url=https://www.kit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2042_women_in_search_of_citizenship.pdf |journal=KIT Publications |volume=1 |pages=93–102}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1954|2019}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Senegal]] jhprw7s38gv3buodij8cz4ufzn24t1u 0 227984 1548319 1505142 2026-05-22T12:44:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bolanle Awe''' ( kwa [[Kiyoruba]] : ''Bọ́láńlé (Fájẹ́m̄bọ́là) Awẹ́''; alizaliwa [[28 Januari]] [[1933]]) ni profesa wa somo la historia wa Nigeria na [[Wayoruba]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Bolanle Awe, OFR|url=https://hallmarksoflabour.org/dvteam/professor-bolanle-awe-ofr/|accessdate=2025-02-13|work=Hallmarks of Labour Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifanikiwa kuwa Pro-Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria huko eneo liitwalo Nsukka. Ameitwa "shujaa wa kiakili" wa Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Falola |first=Toyin |date=2021 |title=Bọlanle Awẹ: The Matriarch of Feminist History |journal=Yoruba Studies Review |volume=3 |page=1–5 |doi=10.32473/ysr.v3i2.129994 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Maisha na Elimu ya Awali == Awe alizaliwa kwenye mnamo 28 Januari 1933 ndani ya mji wa [[Ilesa]], Nigeria ya Kikoloni kwa Samuel Akindeji Fajembola na Mosebolatan Abede. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Phipps|first=Matt|date=2022-08-22|title=Bolanle Awe - Somerville College Oxford|url=https://www.some.ox.ac.uk/eminent/bolanle-awe/|accessdate=2025-02-13|work=www.some.ox.ac.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> Baba yake asili yake alikuwa ni mtu kutoka mji wa [[Ibadan]], na pamoja na hayo alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa kakao, meneja kwenye John Holt & Co, kampuni ya usafirishaji na bidhaa za jumla. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Oduntan|first=Olalekan|title=Professor Bolanle Awe: A Nigerian and Yoruba history professor|url=http://www.olaleone.org/2024/04/professor-bolanle-awe-nigerian-and.html|accessdate=2025-02-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mama yake alitoka mji wa Ilesa, na alikuwa mwanakikundi wa familia ya Abede, tawi la Nyumba ya Kifalme ya Bilayirere, moja ya nyumba 4 za kifalme za Ilesa. Mama yake alikuwa akifanya kazi kama mwalimu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Rotimi|first=Ajibola|date=2025-01-03|title=Prof. Bolanle Awe: Life And Times Of Renowned Scholar, Feminist|url=https://theliberationnews.ng/2025/01/prof-bolanle-awe-life-and-times-of-renowned-scholar-feminist/|accessdate=2025-02-13|work=The Liberation News Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Baba yake alipohamishiwa makazi kwenye moja ya matawi ya John Holt & Co. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bolanle Awe : Life, Private life, Work Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia » wiki.gen.edu.vn|url=https://wiki.gen.edu.vn/en/Bolanle_Awe|accessdate=2025-02-13|work=wiki.gen.edu.vn|language=en}}</ref> huko Ilesa, Awe alizaliwa kwenye hicho kipindi. Alizaliwa katika jamii ambapo watendaji wa Uislamu, Ukristo, na dini ya Yoruba waliishi kwa amani kwa pamoja . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://thejournalnigeria.com/bolanle-awe/|title=Bolanle Awe|date=23 September 2020|accessdate=1 February 2022|archivedate=20 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520203947/https://thejournalnigeria.com/bolanle-awe/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://dawncommission.org/professor-bolanle-awe/|title=Professor Bolanle Awe – DAWN Commission}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alipata elimu kwenye Shule ya Utatu Mtakatifu, Omofe- [[Ilesa|Ilesha]], kabla ya kuhamia Ibadan na familia yake, alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 8, baadaye aliendelea na masomo yake katika Shule ya Msingi ya St James, Okebola, [[Ibadan]] na Shule ya St Anne, Ibadan . Alipata shahada yake ya A katika Shule ya Perse huko Cambridge. Alienda Chuo Kikuu cha St Andrews huko Scotland ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili katika historia, kabla ya kuchukua udaktari katika historia katika Chuo cha Somerville, Oxford . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Bolanle Awe, OFR|url=https://hallmarksoflabour.org/dvteam/professor-bolanle-awe-ofr/|accessdate=2025-02-13|work=Hallmarks of Labour Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Awe alianza kazi kama mwalimu mwanamke wa kwanza kwenye idara ya historia katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan|Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan, haya maamuzi yalimfanya awe mfanyakazi mwanamke wa kwanza kama mfanyakazi ndani ya Chuo cha Nigerian university]]. Yeye ni moja wa waanzilishi wa historia na historia ya wanawake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=OLALEKAN ODUNTAN|url=http://www.olaleone.org/2024/04/|accessdate=2025-02-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alipanda cheo hadi cheo na kufikia kuwa profesa kwenye chuo kikuu hicho hicho. Alikuwa kati ya wanahistoria wenye kutoa ruhusa ya ushahidi wao pamoja na mila za mdomo . Hadi hapo inamaanisha kwamba aliweza kufuatilia historia kabla ya kuwasili kwa Wazungu. Pamoja na hayo alikuwa mstari wa mbele kwenye kutambua jinsi jukumu la wanawake kwenye historia lilivyokuwa likipuuzwa na alianzisha Kituo cha Utafiti na Nyaraka cha Wanawake (WORDOC) ili kukuza uratibu wa utafiti wa masomo ya wanawake na mbinu mpya za kuwasoma wanawake wa Nigeria. Mnamo 1982, aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Agizo la Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Nigeria. <ref >{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301|title=Dictionary of African Biography|last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong|last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven|date=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|pages=301–}}</ref> Kuanzia mnamo mwaka 1990 hadi mnamo mwaka 1992 alishika nafasi ya mwenyekiti wa kwanza wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Wanawake (NCW). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2019-10-31|title=Global Feminisms - Comparative Case Studies of Women's Activism and Scholarship - Site: Nigeria|url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/globalfeminisms/wp-content/uploads/sites/787/2020/10/Awe_Nigeria_Annotated_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602153802/https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/globalfeminisms/wp-content/uploads/sites/787/2020/10/Awe_Nigeria_Annotated_Final.pdf|archivedate=2022-06-02|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=University of Michigan}}</ref> Japo sasa, aliamua kujiuzulu kutoka kwenye wadhifa wake kwenye mnamo 1992 baada ya serikali kutengeneza tume hiyo, na kuiweka chini ya udhibiti wa Mke wa Rais wa Nigeria, Maryam Babangida . <ref name="Mama">{{Rejea jarida |last=Amina Mama |year=1995 |title=Feminism or Femocracy? State Feminism and Democratisation in Nigeria |url=https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/equityampinstitutionalculture/documents/Amina_Mama.pdf |journal=Africa Development / Afrique et Développement |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=37–58}}</ref> Mnamo 1998, alistaafu <ref name="Jr.Akyeampong2012">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301|title=Dictionary of African Biography|last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.|last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong|last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven|date=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|pages=301–}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFProfessor_Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.Professor_Emmanuel_AkyeampongMr._Steven_J._Niven2012">Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 ''Dictionary of African Biography'']. OUP USA. pp.&nbsp;301–. [[Namba sanifu ya kimataifa ya vitabu|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> na mwaka uliofuata, idara ya masomo ya Kiafrika ilichapisha kitabu kidogo kumhusu. <ref name="bio">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3XuAAAACAAJ|title=Bolanle Awe: Portrait of an Academic and Activist|date=1 January 1999|publisher=Women's Research and Documentation Centre (WORDOC), Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan|isbn=978-978-2213-24-2}}</ref> Baada ya kustaafu, aliendelea kufanya utafiti na mnamo 2005 akawa Pro-Chancellor wa Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria huko Nsukka . <ref name="Jr.Akyeampong2012" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] k13qzggl0abz3cci67wa8cud8vjuf8k 0 228033 1548326 1505173 2026-05-22T12:47:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bolanle Omolara Otegbayo''' ni [[profesa]] wa sayansi na teknolojia wa Nigeria . Yeye ni mwanachama wa katika Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika na Msimamizi wa sasa katika Chuo cha Mafunzo cha Uzamili ktoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bowen (COPGS). == Elimu == Bolanle awali alipata udahili katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] ili kusoma Sayansi ya Wanyama, lakini baada ya kiwango chake cha 100 alifikiria Sayansi ya Chakula. Baadaye alipata udahili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo ili kusoma Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Chakula kuanzia tarehe 10 mwezi 09 mwaka wa 1986 hadi tarehe 10 mwezi wa 01 mwaka wa 1994 kwa ajili ya shahada yake ya Sayansi . Aliendelea kupata shahada ya Uzamili katika Teknolojia ya Chakula katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] kuanzia tarehe 01 mwezi wa 04mwaka wa 1997 hadi tarehe 01 mwezi 05 na mwaka wa 1998. Alisoma [[Uzamivu|Shahada]] yake ya Uzamivu katika Teknolojia ya Chakula katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] kati ya 16/09/1998 hadi 09/07/2004. Bolanle ni mwelimishaji na kwa sasa anafundisha katika Idara ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Chakula ya Chuo Kikuu cha Bowen ambapo anazingatia kutambua viashiria katika ubora wa chakula katika mazao ili kuhakikisha kuna wadau wazuri wanaotoa huduma katika kutoa thamani nzuri. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bowen University Official Website|url=https://bowen.edu.ng/|accessdate=2025-08-21|work=bowen.edu.ng|language=en-US}}</ref> == Uanachama na tuzo == Ulipofika mwaka wa 2024, alichaguliwa kama mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika . Mnamo mwaka wa 2011 na mwaka wa 2012, alipewa Tuzo ya Ushirika wa Baada ya Uzamili wa Wanawake wa Kiafrika katika Utafiti na Maendeleo ya Kilimo (AWARD). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Bolanle Otegbayo {{!}} The AAS|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/bolanle-otegbayo|accessdate=2025-08-21|work=aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bowen University Official Website|url=https://bowen.edu.ng/|accessdate=2025-08-08|work=bowen.edu.ng|language=en-US}}</ref> == Machapisho Maarufu == * {{Rejea jarida |last=Otegbayo |first=Bolanle |last2=Oluyinka |first2=Oroniran |last3=Tanimola |first3=Abiola R. |last4=Bisi |first4=Fawehinmi |last5=Ayomide |first5=Alamu |last6=Tomilola |first6=Bolaji |last7=Madu |first7=Tessy |last8=Okoye |first8=Benjamin |last9=Chijioke |first9=Ugo |last10=Ofoeze |first10=Miriam |last11=Alamu |first11=Emmanuel Oladeji |last12=Adesokan |first12=Michael |last13=Ayetigbo |first13=Oluwatoyin |last14=Bouniol |first14=Alexandre |last15=DJibril-Mousa |first15=Imayath |date=2024 |title=Food quality profile of pounded yam and implications for yam breeding |journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture |volume=104 |issue=8 |pages=4635–4651 |bibcode=2024JSFA..104.4635O |doi=10.1002/jsfa.12835 |hdl=10568/132099 |issn=0022-5142 |pmid=37439058 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Adesokan |first=Michael |last2=Alamu |first2=Emmanuel Oladeji |last3=Otegbayo |first3=Bolanle |last4=Asfaw |first4=Asrat |last5=Afolabi |first5=Michael Olutoyin |last6=Fawole |first6=Segun |last7=Meghar |first7=Karima |last8=Dufour |first8=Dominique |last9=Ayetigbo |first9=Oluwatoyin |last10=Davrieux |first10=Fabrice |last11=Maziya-Dixon |first11=Busie |date=2025 |title=Rapid analysis of starch, sugar, and amylose in fresh yam tubers and boiled yam texture using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889157525002406 |journal=Journal of Food Composition and Analysis |volume=142 |doi=10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107425 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-08-21 |article-number=107425}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Houngbo |first=Mahugnon Ezékiel |last2=Desfontaines |first2=Lucienne |last3=Irep |first3=Jean-Luc |last4=Dibi |first4=Konan Evrard Brice |last5=Couchy |first5=Maritza |last6=Otegbayo |first6=Bolanle O. |last7=Cornet |first7=Denis |date=2024 |title=Starch granule size and shape characterization of yam ( Dioscorea alata L.) flour using automated image analysis |journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture |volume=104 |issue=8 |pages=4680–4688 |bibcode=2024JSFA..104.4680H |doi=10.1002/jsfa.12861 |issn=0022-5142 |pmid=37452681 |doi-access=free}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Otegbayo |first=Bolanle Omolara |last2=Tanimola |first2=Abiola Rebecca |last3=Ricci |first3=Julien |last4=Gibert |first4=Olivier |date=2024-01-10 |title=Thermal Properties and Dynamic Rheological Characterization of Dioscorea Starch Gels |journal=Gels |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=51 |doi=10.3390/gels10010051 |issn=2310-2861 |pmc=10815548 |pmid=38247774 |doi-access=free}} == Maisha ya Ndoa == Ameolewa na Profesa Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo, na wamejaliwa kuzaa watoto pamoja wawili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Comments|first=Admin General 5|title=MEET UCH'S NEW CMD, PROF. J.A. OTEGBAYO – UIMSA|url=https://uimsa.org.ng/meet-uchs-new-cmd-prof-j-a-otegbayo/|accessdate=2025-08-08|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513011231/https://uimsa.org.ng/meet-uchs-new-cmd-prof-j-a-otegbayo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] afq68d9dqjbd23kpkrhb9mw2dxsnee3 0 228107 1548458 1509460 2026-05-22T15:26:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chinyere Stella Okunna''' ni mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa [[profesa]] wa mawasiliano ya umma nchini Nigeria na Afrika [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]]. Hadi Machi 2026, yeye ni Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo (Taaluma) katika Paul University, Awka, Jimbo la Anambra. Amehudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali kama [[msimamizi]] na mtaalamu wa elimu katika taasisi za kitaaluma pamoja na katika sekta ya umma na siasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Female Professors Of Mass Communication In Nigeria – MassMediaNG|url=https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|last=Nwabueze|first=Chinenye|date=16 July 2018|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091150/https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uwanja wake wa utafiti ni mawasiliano kwa maendeleo, hususan maendeleo ya wanawake kwa mtazamo wa wanawake na vyombo vya habari. Amefanya kazi kubwa kuhusu nafasi ya vyombo vya habari katika kuwawezesha wanawake wa Nigeria na kuboresha hali na hadhi yao katika jamii yenye mfumo dume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intellect Books {{!}} About Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://www.intellectbooks.com/chinyere-stella-okunna|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Intellect Books|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa katika familia ya Joshua na Christiana Adimora huko Uga, eneo la serikali ya mitaa ya [[Aguata]] katika Jimbo la Anambra, Nigeria. Baba yake, Joshua Obinani Adimora, alikuwa mtumishi wa serikali aliyewahi kuwa Afisa wa Wilaya wa kwanza mzawa katika eneo la Aguata miaka ya 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aluwong |first=Jeremiah |title=Connectnigeria Articles |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/do-you-know-nigerias-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=articles.connectnigeria.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alianza elimu ya msingi katika St John’s Primary School, [[Ekwulobia]] na kuhitimisha katika Township School, [[Port Harcourt]]. Elimu yake ya sekondari aliipata katika Anglican Girls Grammar School (baadaye Girls High School), Awkunanaw, [[Enugu]], ambako alipata matokeo bora.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=OKUNNA, Prof. Chinyere Stella, (nee Adimora)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okunna-prof-chinyere-stella-nee-adimora/|last=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-02-20|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Alipata shahada ya kwanza (BA) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, shahada ya uzamili (MA) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Leicester nchini Uingereza, na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos]]. == Kazi == === Taaluma === Profesa Okunna amekuwa na taaluma yenye mafanikio makubwa katika uandishi wa habari na elimu ya mawasiliano, hasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nnamdi Azikiwe. Alianza kazi yake kama mhadhiri katika Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, kabla ya kujiunga na idara ya Mawasiliano ya Umma katika chuo hicho mwaka 1994. Mwaka 2001 alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa profesa wa mawasiliano ya umma nchini Nigeria na Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria's first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|website=News Express Nigeria Website|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sayansi za Jamii (2016–2019) na pia Mkuu wa Idara ya Mawasiliano ya Umma kwa vipindi viwili. Aidha, aliwahi kuwa Mkurugenzi wa redio ya UNIZIK 94.1 FM kwa miaka saba. Mnamo tarehe 27 Januari 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo cha [[Paul University]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peter |date=2022-02-02 |title=Prof Okunna emerges DVC Paul University, Prof Onu too |url=https://championnews.com.ng/prof-okunna-emerges-dvc-paul-university-prof-onu-too/ |newspaper=Daily Champion |language=en-US}}</ref> Amehudumu pia katika taasisi mbalimbali za kitaifa na kimataifa kama mshauri, mhakiki wa kitaaluma na mjumbe wa kamati mbalimbali, ikiwemo [[UNICEF]], [[UNESCO]] na [[UNFPA]]. === Utumishi wa umma === Kati ya 2006 na 2014, alihudumu katika serikali ya Jimbo la Anambra wakati wa utawala wa [[Peter Obi]] kama Kamishna wa Habari na Utamaduni, na baadaye Kamishna wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Bajeti. Pia aliwahi kuwa Mkuu wa Wafanyakazi wa Gavana.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anambra 2014: Why Gov Obi will not anoint a successor – Okunna, Chief of Staff|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/anambra-2014-why-gov-obi-will-not-anoint-a-successor-okunna-chief-of-staff/|newspaper=Vanguard}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Ameolewa na Dkt. Eric Nwabuisi Okunna, daktari bingwa wa uzazi. Wana watoto sita pamoja na wajukuu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria's first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|accessdate=2026-04-13|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] 51q39dja8gtqehfjls1uzlvtzh8cmqf 0 228598 1548548 1519717 2026-05-22T17:58:05Z Victuallers 10133 Maropene Ramokgopa 2026 (cropped).jpg 1548548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Maropene Ramokgopa 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Maropene Ramokgopa, 2026]] '''Maropene Ramokgopa''' (alizaliwa [[31 Desemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] anayeshika nafasi muhimu katika serikali na chama tawala. Tangu Machi [[2023]], amehudumu kama Waziri katika Ofisi ya Rais anayehusika na Mipango, Ufuatiliaji na Tathmini. Pia amekuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Afrika Kusini tangu Februari 2023. Ndani ya [[African National Congress]] (ANC), anashikilia nafasi ya Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa pili tangu Desemba [[Y|2022]]. Aidha, aliteuliwa kuwa mratibu wa timu ya muda ya kazi iliyoanzishwa Juni 2022 kusimamia shughuli za Ligi ya Wanawake ya ANC. Kabla ya kuingia serikalini mwaka 2023, Ramokgopa alikuwa na uzoefu mpana katika nyadhifa za kidiplomasia na utumishi wa umma. Aliwahi kuwa Balozi Mkuu wa Afrika Kusini mjini [[Mumbai]], [[India]], na pia alihudumu kama mshauri maalum wa Rais [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. Katika ngazi ya serikali za mitaa, aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Manispaa ya Wilaya ya Siyanda katika [[Northern Cape]] kuanzia mwaka [[2006]] hadi [[2009]], akianza kujijengea misingi ya uongozi wake wa kisiasa mapema kabisa. == Kazi ya Awali == Maropene Ramokgopa alianza safari yake ya kisiasa mwaka [[2005]] alipokuwa diwani wa kata kupitia African National Congress (ANC) katika Manispaa ya Kgatelopele, iliyoko Northern Cape. Kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2009, alihudumu kama Meya Mtendaji wa Manispaa ya Wilaya ya Siyanda, akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 pekee wakati wa kuchaguliwa - hatua iliyomfanya kuwa miongoni mwa viongozi vijana waliopanda kwa kasi katika siasa za Afrika Kusini. Baada ya hapo, kati ya mwaka 2009 na [[2013]], alijiunga na utumishi wa umma kama meneja katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Northern Cape, akishughulikia masuala ya hali ya wanawake.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=10 July 2022|title=New ANC Women's League task team head says she won't do Ramaphosa's bidding|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2022-07-10-new-anc-womens-league-task-team-head-says-she-wont-do-ramaphosas-bidding/|access-date=2022-12-19|website=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ndani ya miundo ya chama, alichaguliwa mwaka [[2008]] kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Utendaji ya Kitaifa ya Ligi ya Wanawake ya ANC (ANCWL), ambapo chini ya uongozi wa [[Angie Motshekga]] alishika nyadhifa za kiutendaji na kuongoza Dawati la Wanawake Vijana. Aidha, alihusika pia katika Kamati ya Utendaji ya Kitaifa ya Ligi ya Vijana ya ANC, na aliteuliwa katika timu ya muda iliyoiongoza ligi hiyo baada ya kuvunjwa kwa uongozi wake mwaka 2013. Vilevile, amewahi kuhudumu katika bodi ya National Youth Development Agency.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=19 July 2019|title=SA should take a leaf out of India's SMMEs - SA Consul-General in Mumbai|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/sa-should-take-a-leaf-out-of-indias-smmes-sa-consul-general-in-mumbai-29509862|access-date=2022-12-19|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2014]], Ramokgopa alianza kazi katika ofisi ya Waziri wa Mahusiano na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa, wadhifa uliokuwa ukishikiliwa na Maite Nkoana-Mashabane. Mwaka [[2016]], aliteuliwa na Rais [[Jacob Zuma]] kuwa Balozi Mkuu wa Afrika Kusini mjini Mumbai, India. Aliporejea nchini, Rais Cyril Ramaphosa alimteua kuwa mshauri maalum wa mahusiano ya kimataifa katika Ofisi ya Rais, akianza kama mshauri mkuu kuhusu masuala ya African Union.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-10-17|title=Ramaphosa's international relations expert, Ramokgopa, sees her star continue to rise|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2022/10/17/ramaphosa-s-international-relations-expert-ramokgopa-sees-her-star-continue-to-rise,109835458-art|access-date=2022-12-19|website=Africa Intelligence|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba [[2021]], aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wajumbe maalum watano waliotumwa kufanya mazungumzo na [[Mswati III wa Uswazi|Mfalme Mswati III]] kufuatia maandamano ya kidemokrasia nchini [[Eswatini]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 August 2020|title='I was not given this position, I fought for it,' says AU chief advisor|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-08-14-i-was-not-given-this-position-i-fought-for-it-says-au-chief-advisor/|access-date=2022-12-19|website=Sowetan|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Utendaji ya Mkoa ya ANC katika Limpopo. Baadaye, Juni 2022, aliteuliwa na Kamati ya Utendaji ya Kitaifa ya ANC kuwa mratibu wa timu ya muda ya kazi ya ANCWL, akishirikiana na Baleka Mbete kuiongoza ligi hiyo hadi kuchaguliwa kwa uongozi mpya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=30 June 2022|title=ANC appoints Baleka Mbete to lead women's league task team|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2022-06-30-anc-appoints-baleka-mbete-to-lead-womens-league-task-team/|access-date=2022-12-19|website=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanaharakati wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wanawake Afrika Kusini]] sr7jd0k110utjvokrhsw2wyzhvzdcx4 0 229535 1548307 1530830 2026-05-22T12:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blessing Shine Agbomadzi''' (alizaliwa [[11 Juni]] [[2001]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa wa Ghana ambaye anacheza kama [[Beki|mlinzi]] wa klabu ya Mashindano ya Wanawake ya Morocco AS FAR na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Ghana . Pia aliiwakilisha Ghana katika ngazi ya kimataifa ya vijana. == Kazi == Agbomadzi alianza kazi yake katika timu ya Kumasi Sports Academy Ladies kabla ya kujiunga na Sea Lions. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Ngwa|first=Lesley|date=2023-06-06|title=Israel-Gaza violence: "We had just 45-seconds to run and save our lives" – Blessing Shine Agbomadzi|url=https://kick442.com/israel-gaza-violence-we-had-just-45-seconds-to-run-and-save-our-lives-blessing-shine-agbomadzi/|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=KICK442 Sport News|language=en-US}}</ref> Alichezea Sea Lions katika Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya Ghana . Mnamo Oktoba 2020, alijiunga na timu ya ligi kuu ya Israeli, Hapoel Be'er Sheva kwa mkataba wa miaka miwili. <ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 October 2020|title=Black Princesses defender Blessing Shine Agbomadzi signs for Israeli club|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-princesses-defender-blessing-shine-agbomadzi-signs-for-israeli-club|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-10-28|title=Blessing Agbomadzi joins Hapoel Be'er Sheva Football WFC Club|url=https://pfag.com.gh/index.php/2020/10/28/blessing-agbomadzi-joins-hapoel-beer-sheva-football-wfc-club/|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=The Professional Footballers Association of Ghana (PFAG)|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330224822/https://pfag.com.gh/index.php/2020/10/28/blessing-agbomadzi-joins-hapoel-beer-sheva-football-wfc-club/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muda wake katika Hapoel Be'er Sheva ulikatizwa ghafla kwani ulidumu kwa msimu mmoja tu, kutokana na mzozo kati ya Israeli na Palestina ambao ulidumu kwa miezi kadhaa. <ref name=":1" /> Agbomadzi alirudi Ghana na baadaye akajiunga na Hasaacas Ladies kabla ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hasaacas Ladies complete signing of Agbomadzi Blessing|url=https://footballghana.com/hasaacas-ladies-complete-signing-of-agbomadzi-blessing|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=Footballghana|language=en}}</ref> Alicheza katika mechi zote na akaunda ushirikiano imara wa beki wa kati na [[Janet Egyir]], akiisaidia Hasaacas Ladies kufika fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF ya 2021. Hata hivyo, walipoteza dhidi ya Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies kwa 2-0 katika fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF ya 2021. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=19 November 2021|title=Women's African Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns win inaugural title|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/59337891|accessdate=19 November 2021|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Katika msimu wake pekee (msimu wa 2021-22 ) na Hasaacas, alicheza katika mechi 17 kati ya 19 za ligi huku Hasaacas ikimaliza msimu kama Mabingwa wa Kanda ya Kusini lakini ikapoteza fainali ya ubingwa kwa Ampem Darkoa Ladies . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=|first=|date=28 May 2022|title=Ampem Darkoa Ladies beat Hasaacas Ladies on penalties to win Women's Premier League|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/ampem-darkoa-ladies-beat-hasaacas-ladies-on-penalties-to-win-2021-2022-womens-premier-league|accessdate=2 March 2023|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kwa tuzo ya Mlinzi wa Mwaka. Mnamo Septemba 2022, Agbomadzi alijiunga na klabu ya Mashindano ya Wanawake ya Morocco ya AS FAR kwa mkataba wa miaka miwili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Duah|first=George|date=2022-09-24|title=Blessing Shine Completes AS FAR Transfer|url=https://www.hasaacasladiesfc.com/blessing-shine-completes-as-far-transfer|accessdate=2024-03-31|work=Hasaacas Ladies|language=en-US}}</ref> Katika msimu wake wa kwanza na klabu hiyo, alishinda Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF ya 2022 ambapo alicheza katika mechi zote, ikiwa ni pamoja na fainali ambayo AS FAR ilishinda kwa 4-0 dhidi ya mabingwa watetezi Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 November 2022|title=Black Queens defender Blessing Agbomadzi wins CAF Women's Champions League with AS FAR|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-defender-blessing-agbomadzi-wins-caf-womens-champions-league-with-as-far|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> Msimu uliofuata, alishinda mara mbili, akishinda Mashindano ya Wanawake ya Morocco na Kombe la Throne la Wanawake la Morocco . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=3 April 2023|title=Ghana's Blessing Shine Agbomadzi celebrates Throne Cup win with AS Far Rabat|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghanas-blessing-shine-agbomadzi-celebrates-throne-cup-win-with-as-far-rabat|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|date=26 May 2023|title=Black Queens defender Blessing Agbomadzi wins Moroccan league with FAR Rabat|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-defender-blessing-agbomadzi-wins-moroccan-league-with-far-rabat|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> Pia aliisaidia AS FAR kushinda nafasi ya tatu katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF ya 2023 akiwashinda Ampem Darkoa Ladies kwa 2-0. Matokeo yake, akawa mchezaji wa kwanza kushinda medali zote tatu katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Agbomadzi alichezea timu ya wanawake ya Ghana ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 17, ''Black Maidens.'' Mnamo 2016, alikuwa mshiriki wa timu iliyocheza Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake chini ya umri wa miaka 17 la FIFA la 2016, ambapo walifika robo fainali. Alicheza pamoja na [[Sandra Owusu-Ansah]], [[Nina Norshie]] na [[Vivian Adjei]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=23 September 2016|title=Ghana's Black Maidens confirms squad numbers for 2016 FIFA World Cup|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghanas-black-maidens-confirms-squad-numbers-for-2016-fifa-world-cup|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, Agbomadzi alikuwa mshiriki wa timu ya wanawake ya Ghana ya vijana chini ya miaka 20, ''Black Princesses'' na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichocheza Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la mwaka 2018 lililofunzwa na Yusif Basigi . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nketsia|first=Benjamin|date=27 September 2018|title=Black Princesses squad for U -20 Women's World Cup revealed|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2018/07/27/black-princesses-squad-for-u-20-womens-world-cup-revealed/|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Citi Sports Online|language=}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=23 September 2016|title=Black Princesses Coach Yussif Basigi names squad for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-princesses-coach-yussif-basigi-names-squad-for-fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2020, pia alikuwa sehemu ya wachezaji 31 walioalikwa kwenye kambi ya Black Princesses kabla ya mechi za kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la vijana chini ya miaka 20 mwaka 2020. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Teye|first=Prince Narkortu|date=14 August 2020|title=U20 WWQ: Owusu-Ansah and Mukarama named in Ghana squad for Guinea-Bissau clash|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/u20-wwq-owusu-ansah-and-mukarama-named-in-ghana-squad-for-guinea-bissau-clash/b0jn2htoe3uo1esq8f6wkehst|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Goal|language=}}</ref> <ref name=":52">{{Rejea tovuti|date=27 October 2020|title=Black Princesses defender Blessing Shine Agbomadzi signs for Israeli club|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-princesses-defender-blessing-shine-agbomadzi-signs-for-israeli-club|accessdate=31 March 2024|work=Ghanasoccernet}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa Oktoba 2020, FIFA ilitangaza kwamba toleo la 2020 la mashindano lilikuwa limefutwa. <ref name=":52" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ghana]] evot7wj37qpjpibb2keulr6g6vg34ij 0 229838 1548746 1512387 2026-05-23T02:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Folake Olayinka''' ni [[daktari]] na kiongozi wa afya ya kimataifa anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika kuimarisha mifumo ya chanjo, afya ya mama na mtoto, pamoja na programu za kudhibiti magonjwa yanayozuilika duniani.<ref name="Home Maternal and Child Survival Program 2018">{{cite web|title=Folake Olayinka – Maternal and Child Survival Program|date=2018-01-10|url=https://www.mcsprogram.org/about/leadership/folake-olayinka/|access-date=2023-04-11|archive-date=2022-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519191137/https://www.mcsprogram.org/about/leadership/folake-olayinka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tangu Oktoba [[2020]], Folake Olayinka amehudumu kama kiongozi wa mpango wa Chanjo wa Kimataifa ndani ya USAID kupitia mradi wa STAR. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu Washington D.C., Marekani kama kiongozi wa kiufundi na mkakati wa mpango wa upatikanaji na usambazaji wa chanjo ya [[COVID-19]], akichangia katika juhudi za kimataifa za kupambana na janga hilo.<ref name="Thomas">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Thomas|first=Chris|date=17 January 2014|title=Beyond mosquito net hand-outs: the fight against malaria in Nigeria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/jan/17/mosquito-nets-malaria-nigeria-who|access-date=12 November 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya Agosti [[2015]] na Oktoba 2020, alifanya kazi na JSI Research & Training Institute (Arlington, Virginia) kama Mkurugenzi wa Mradi wa MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity (MRITE). Pia aliwahi kuwa Mshauri Mkuu wa Chanjo na mshiriki wa timu ya uongozi wa Kituo cha Chanjo katika programu ya USAID ya Mama na Mtoto, yenye lengo la kupunguza vifo vinavyoweza kuzuilika. Aidha, Folake Olayinka aliwahi kuwa Mkurugenzi wa programu ya SuNMAP (Support to National Malaria Programme), mradi unaofadhiliwa na UK Aid kupitia Muungano wa Malaria, uliolenga kuimarisha udhibiti wa malaria nchini Nigeria kupitia msaada wa kiufundi na kitaalamu. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, yeye ni mwanachama wa Kundi la Wataalamu wa Ushauri wa Kimkakati wa Shirika la Afya Duniani World Health Organization (SAGE), na pia anashiriki katika Kundi la Kazi la SAGE kuhusu chanjo za COVID-19. Kuanzia [[2010]] hadi [[2014]], alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Ushauri ya Mazoezi ya Chanjo (IPAC) ya WHO, na pia anahudumu katika Kundi la Ushauri wa Kiufundi wa Chanjo ya Kikanda (RITAG). Kazi zake pia zinajumuisha ushauri wa kisayansi katika Mpango wa Uongozi wa Afrika kwa Utaalamu wa Chanjo katika University of the Witwatersrand, Afrika Kusini. Amejikita katika maeneo ya chanjo za kawaida, kutokomeza polio, afya ya mama na mtoto, pamoja na programu za VVU na malaria. Pia ni mwanachama wa ASPEN New Voices na mpango wa Uongozi wa Afya wa WomenLift katika Stanford University, Marekani. === Kazi === Folake Olayinka ni daktari na kiongozi wa afya ya kimataifa anayejikita katika chanjo, afya ya mama na mtoto, na udhibiti wa magonjwa yanayozuilika. Tangu 2020, ameongoza mpango wa Chanjo wa USAID kupitia STAR. Kabla ya hapo alishiriki katika mikakati ya upatikanaji wa chanjo ya COVID-19 Washington D.C. Pia alihudumu JSI kama Mkurugenzi wa MRITE na alihusika na USAID MOMENTUM. Ameshiriki katika WHO SAGE na IPAC, pamoja na RITAG. Pia ametoa mchango katika udhibiti wa malaria kupitia SuNMAP na kushiriki katika programu za uongozi Afrika Kusini na Stanford na mashirika ya kimataifa ya afya kama WHO na washirika wake kitaifa pia.<ref name="WHOSAGE">{{Rejea tovuti|title=WHO {{!}} SAGE Working Group on Covid-19 vaccines (established June 2020)|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_wg_covid-19/en/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710184143/https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_wg_covid-19/en/|archive-date=July 10, 2020|access-date=12 November 2020|website=WHO}}</ref><ref name="WHOImm">{{Rejea tovuti|title=WHO {{!}} Dr. Folake Olayinka|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/members/bio_olayinka/en/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623004321/https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/members/bio_olayinka/en/|archive-date=June 23, 2021|access-date=12 November 2020|website=WHO}}</ref><ref name="WLH">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Folake Olayinka|url=https://www.womenlifthealth.org/profile/folake-olayinka|access-date=12 November 2020|website=WomenLift Health|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Folake Olayinka|url=https://www.mcsprogram.org/about/leadership/folake-olayinka/|access-date=2022-04-26|website=Maternal Child Survival Program|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519191137/https://www.mcsprogram.org/about/leadership/folake-olayinka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Nigeria]] jadtv2qoa45f5e70vi5d4waiby66q82 0 229848 1549004 1508297 2026-05-23T11:15:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janet Edeme''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[biolojia]] ya [[mimea]] kutoka [[Nigeria]], anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika sera za kilimo na maendeleo ya vijijini katika ngazi ya bara la [[Afrika]]. Kwa sasa, anahudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Uchumi Vijijini na Kilimo katika Tume ya Umoja wa Afrika kupitia kitengo cha Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture (AUC/DREA), chenye makao yake makuu [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]]. Katika nafasi hiyo, Janet Edeme anaongoza juhudi za kuimarisha maendeleo endelevu ya vijijini kupitia sekta ya kilimo, kwa lengo la kuboresha usalama wa chakula, kuongeza uzalishaji wa mazao, na kusaidia nchi za Afrika kutekeleza mikakati ya kilimo endelevu na maendeleo ya jamii za vijijini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africaleadftf.org/2015/09/24/african-union-africa-lead-agree-to-collaborate-on-support-for-malabo-declaration-and-new-alliance/|title=African Union, Africa Lead Agree to Collaborate on Support for Malabo Declaration and New Alliance|accessdate=21 November 2017|date=24 September 2015|author=Africa Lead|publisher=Africaleadftf.org (Africa Lead)|location=Bethesda, Maryland|archive-date=2021-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815113750/http://www.africaleadftf.org/2015/09/24/african-union-africa-lead-agree-to-collaborate-on-support-for-malabo-declaration-and-new-alliance/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/422531/|title=AUC and FAO determined to promote agricultural mechanization|date=22 June 2016|accessdate=21 November 2017|publisher=[[FAO|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO)|author=FAO|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815103740/http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/422531/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Usuli na elimu == Janet Edeme ni raia wa Nigeria aliyezaliwa, kukulia na kusomea nchini humo, na ambaye amejijengea taaluma katika biolojia ya mimea na maendeleo ya kilimo. Amesomea Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (MSc) katika Biolojia ya Kilimo, akibobea katika [[Patholojia]] ya Mimea, kutoka [[University of Ibadan]]. Baadaye alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Falsafa (MPhil) kupitia ushirikiano wa kitaaluma kati ya University of Ibadan, Texas A&M University, na International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) iliyopo [[Ibadan]], Nigeria. Elimu yake imejikita katika utafiti wa kilimo cha [[kitropiki]] na afya ya mimea, ikiwa ni msingi muhimu wa mchango wake katika maendeleo ya kilimo na usalama wa chakula barani Afrika.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-seeds.org/en/governing-board/|title=AfricaSeeds: Governing Board|accessdate=21 November 2017|date=21 November 2017|publisher=Africa-seeds.org (AfricaSeeds)|author=AfricaSeeds|location=Abidjan}}</ref> == Uzoefu wa kazi == Janet Edeme amejikita katika uwanja wa sayansi ya kilimo, ambapo utafiti wake unalenga kuboresha uzalishaji wa mazao, usalama wa chakula, na maendeleo ya kilimo endelevu barani Afrika. Alifanya utafiti wa baada ya udaktari katika International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) iliyopo [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], taasisi inayojikita katika utafiti wa mifugo na kilimo kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya jamii. Aidha, alihudumu kama mhadhiri katika chuo chake cha awali, University of Ibadan, ambapo alichangia katika kufundisha na kuendeleza wataalamu wa kilimo na sayansi ya mimea. Janet Edeme pia amehudumu kama mshauri wa mashirika ya kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na UNAIDS na [[Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo la Umoja wa Mataifa (FAO)|Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo]] (FAO) ya Umoja wa Mataifa, akichangia katika sera na mipango inayolenga afya, lishe, na usalama wa chakula duniani. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasayansi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 5vigbljzheyc1da7x2o1ucun6mfxsef 0 229976 1548816 1521603 2026-05-23T05:24:35Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Mwele_Ntuli_Macelela.png|Mwele_Ntuli_Macelela.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No ticket permission since 22 April 2026. 1548816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela''' ([[26 Machi]] [[1963]] - 10 Februari 2022) alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Green |first=Andrew |date=2022-04-16 |title=Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)00661-4/fulltext |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=399 |issue=10334 |pages=1462 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00661-4 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=35430015}}</ref> wa Waziri Mkuu [[John Samwel Malecela|John Malecela]] na marehemu Ezerina Malecela.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=WHO mourns Dr Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/11-02-2022-who-mourns-dr-mwelecele-ntuli-malecela|work=www.who.int|accessdate=2026-04-22|language=en}}</ref> == Elimu == Alisoma Shule ya Msingi Arusha na Shule ya Msingi [[Oyster Bay|Oysterbay]]. Alifanya masomo ya “O” Level katika Shule za<ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Mwele Ntuli Malecela|date=2026-03-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mwele_Ntuli_Malecela&oldid=1345283463|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref> Sekondari za Zanaki na Weruweru Girls, na “A” Level katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana Kilakala. Alihudhuria mafunzo ya Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa (JKT) Ruvu na Mgulani<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Remembering Dr Mwele Malecela (26 March 1963 – 10 February 2022) Dr Mwele was an amazing advocate and diplomat for science. Health Research with focus on Neglected Tropical Diseases… {{!}} Julie Makani|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/julie-makani-44933b4_remembering-dr-mwele-malecela-26-march-1963-activity-7320106405754032128-kGAt|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=2026-04-22|language=en}}</ref> kwa mwaka mmoja. Mwaka 1983 alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Dar es Salaam]] ambapo alipata shahada ya sayansi<ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Remembering Dr. Mwele Malecela: A Fierce and Loving NTD Leader|url=https://www.taskforce.org/task-force-statement-on-the-passing-of-ntd-visionary-dr-mwele-malecela/|work=The Task Force for Global Health|date=2022-03-01|accessdate=2026-04-22|language=en-US|author=Priya}}</ref> katika zoolojia. Alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza mwaka 1986.<ref name=":2" /> Kazi yake ya kwanza ilikuwa katika Taasisi ya Taifa ya Utafiti wa Magonjwa (NIMR),<ref name=":2" /> Amani, Tanga. Mwaka 1989 alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha London – Shule ya London ya Usafi wa<ref name=":2" /> Mazingira na Tiba ya Magonjwa ya [[Tropiki|Kitropiki]] (London School of Hygiene and Tropical<ref name=":0" /> Medicine), ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sayansi katika parasitolojia ya tiba. Aliendelea kusoma hapo hapo, na mwaka 1995 alipata shahada ya uzamili ya parasitolojia ya tiba, akijikita zaidi katika filarial immunology. Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela alirudi Tanzania na akaendelea na kazi yake katika NIMR. == Kazi == Kuanzia 1996 hadi 1998 alikuwa mkuu wa idara ya utafiti wa mifumo ya afya. Kuanzia 1998 hadi 2010 alikuwa mkurugenzi wa uratibu wa utafiti na maendeleo. Mwaka 2000 aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi mwanzilishi wa Mpango wa Taifa wa Kutokomeza Ugonjwa wa Lymphatic Filariasis Tanzania. Aliteuliwa na Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa NIMR, na alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo kuanzia 2010 hadi 2016. Alikuwa mfanyakazi mwaminifu wa NIMR kwa miaka 30. Baada ya hapo alifanya kazi [[COSTECH]] hadi mwaka 2017, ambapo alijiunga na Shirika la Afya Duniani ([[Shirika la Afya Duniani|WHO]])<ref name=":1" /> kama mkurugenzi katika ofisi ya kanda ya Afrika, [[Brazzaville]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]. Mwaka 2018 aliteuliwa na Dkt. Tedros Ghebreyesus, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa WHO, kuwa mkurugenzi wa idara ya udhibiti wa magonjwa ya kitropiki yaliyopuuzwa katika makao makuu ya WHO Geneva, Uswisi. Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO) na dunia kwa ujumla watamkumbuka Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela kwa mchango wake katika ramani ya kimkakati (roadmap) ya kutokomeza magonjwa ya kitropiki yaliyopuuzwa ifikapo mwaka 2030, iliyozinduliwa Januari 2021. Kwa mchango huu, alitunukiwa shahada ya heshima ya udaktari wa sayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Liverpool – Shule ya Tiba ya Magonjwa ya Kitropiki.<ref name=":4" /> Kimataifa, Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela alishika nafasi mbalimbali, kama vile: • Makamu wa Rais wa Kimataifa wa chama cha afya ya umma • Mwenyekiti wa kundi la wawakilishi wa muungano wa kimataifa wa kutokomeza lymphatic filariasis • Mjumbe wa kamati ya wataalamu ya Mectizan • Mjumbe wa kamati ya wataalamu ya Trachoma • Mjumbe wa bodi ya ushauri ya mpango wa ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi katika afya (IPPPH) • Mtafiti mkuu wa PEPFAR katika kusaidia mabadiliko ya janga la HIV/AIDS duniani Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela alikuwa mwanachama wa mashirika mengi ya kitaifa na kimataifa, kama vile: • Fellow wa Taasisi ya Wakurugenzi [[Tanzania]] • Fellow wa Akademia ya Sayansi Tanzania • Mjumbe wa bodi ya Kituo cha Tiba cha Dodoma Christian • Profesa katika Morehouse College, [[Marekani]] • Mjumbe wa bodi ya ushauri ya kimataifa ya Grand Challenges Canada • British Society for Parasitology, Uingereza • Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Uingereza • American Society of Tropical Medicine, Marekani • American Association for the Advancement of Science, Marekani<ref name=":2" /> Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela aliwalea na kuwawezesha vijana wanasayansi, hasa wanawake, ili kuongeza idadi ya wanawake katika sayansi Tanzania na duniani kwa ujumla. Kwa sababu ya uhusiano wake mzuri na vyuo vya Emory na Morehouse College nchini<ref name=":3" /> Marekani, aliweza kuanzisha mpango wa kubadilishana wanafunzi uliosaidia vijana<ref name=":4" /> wanasayansi kutoka Tanzania kwenda Marekani na wengine kurudi kwa mafunzo zaidi.<ref name=":2" /> Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela ameandika makala na tafiti nyingi katika majarida mbalimbali ya kisayansi ndani na nje ya nchi. Pia alipata tuzo mbalimbali kutambua mchango wake katika sayansi, afya, na maendeleo ya jamii. == Tabia == Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela alikuwa na huruma kwa watu wasiojiweza. Alilea na kusomesha watoto kadhaa wanaojulikana kama familia ya “Mindu.” Aliamini kuwa ukimsomesha mtoto wa kike, unaisomesha jamii. Alikuwa mlezi wa mashirika mbalimbali yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) ya maendeleo ya jamii. Aliteuliwa kuwa mama wa familia baada ya kifo cha mama yao mwaka 1995, kulingana na mila ya Kigogo. Pia alikuwa na mchango mkubwa kwa familia za Malecela na Mwaipopo. Zaidi ya yote, Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela alimpenda Mungu. Alikuwa mtu wa kiroho aliyeamini katika kutoa. Aliishi maisha yake akifuata kanuni muhimu ya Ukristo ya upendo. Ndiyo maana aliweza kufanikisha mambo mengi kwa sababu aliipenda sana. Alikuwa mshiriki wa Kanisa la Kianglikana la Saint Albans. Dkt. Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela aliishi Geneva, Uswisi hadi alipofariki tarehe [[10 Februari]] [[2022]].<ref name=":2" /> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1963|2022}} [[Jamii:wanawake wa Tanzania]] p7h374xdi0yrdhsh0maki4psnan59r1 0 230631 1548342 1510235 2026-05-22T12:55:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brad Jacobs''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 3]], [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''QXO, Inc.'' Hapo awali alianzisha makampuni nane tofauti ya bilioni, ikiwemo ''XPO Logistics'', ''United Rentals'', na ''United Waste''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=HBSDealer |title=QXO Announces Executive Lineup |url=https://www.hbsdealer.com/qxo-announces-executive-lineup |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=HBS Dealer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Szal |first=Andy |date= |title=Startup Building Products Distributor Officially Launches |url=https://www.inddist.com/operations/news/22911889/startup-building-products-distributor-officially-launches |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Industrial Distribution |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloomberg Profile |title=Brad Jacobs |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/bradley-s-jacobs/?sref=fnhhB45o&embedded-checkout=true |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=Lublin |first=Joann |date= |title=XPO's Billionaire Chairman Brad Jacobs Is Hunting for His Next Big Deal |url=https://time.com/6237005/xpo-brad-jacobs-interview/ |access-date=December 19, 2022 |magazine=Time |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227173135/https://time.com/6237005/xpo-brad-jacobs-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Thomas |title=Brad Jacobs Is on the Hunt. Investors Should Pay Attention |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-10-17/xpo-logistics-ceo-brad-jacobs-is-on-the-hunt-investors-should-pay-attention |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h8d5osuzf3n4xpi1muhn72jd1my6r1w 0 231938 1548435 1532738 2026-05-22T15:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chastity Bowick''' (amezaliwa 1985) ni mtetezi wa afya ya watu waliobadili jinsia (transgender) na mwanaharakati wa haki za kijamii wa [[Marekani]] anayeishi Massachusetts. Anajulikana kwa kazi yake ya kusaidia watu waliobadili jinsia wenye kipato cha chini na wasio na makazi, akiwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Marsha P. Johnson Institute na aliyekuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Transgender Emergency Fund of Massachusetts. Bowick pia ameanzisha kampuni ya ushauri, ambapo hutoa mafunzo kwa mashirika kuhusu namna ya kufanya kazi na jamii za watu waliobadili jinsia na wasiojiainisha kwa jinsia moja (non-binary).<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Micek |first=John L. |date=12 February 2024 |title=Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless' |url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=MassLive |language=en}}</ref><ref name="wb-3oct2025">{{cite news |last1=Jyotishi |first1=Shreya |title=Marsha P. Johnson Institute announces new executive director |url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2025/10/03/marsha-p-johnson-institute-announces-new-executive-director/ |access-date=October 8, 2025 |work=[[Washington Blade]] |date=October 3, 2025}}</ref> Bowick ni mwanamke Mweusi aliyebadili jinsia, na hutumia viwakilishi vya she/her.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chastity Bowick {{!}} Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum |url=https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/being-muholi/future-archive/chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.gardnermuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa na kukulia katika [[Rochester, New York]], Bowick alianza mchakato wake wa kubadili jinsia (''transition'') akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 baada ya kuhamia [[Boston, Massachusetts]] kutafuta mazingira salama zaidi kwa ajili ya kuthibitisha utambulisho wake wa kijinsia. Amezungumzia changamoto zake za awali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kukosa makazi, kukumbana na ukatili wa majumbani, na kujihusisha na kazi ya ngono kwa ajili ya kujikimu (''survival sex work'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melendez |first=Lauren |date=2024-06-05 |title='Social justice warrior,' award-winning activist Chastity Bowick shares Pride journey |url=https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/social-justice-warrior-award-winning-activist-chastity-bowick-shares-her-pride-journey/3390921/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=NBC Boston |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM13Sb8TiOM |title=2020 HistoryMaker Awards - Chastity Bowick and the Transgender Emergency Fund, 2020 Lavender Rhino |date=2020-10-05 |last=The History Project Documenting LGBTQ Boston |access-date=2024-11-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] o22smzfkrhlgcuealzdo6h85eb5t7g1 0 233241 1548615 1539358 2026-05-22T20:19:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dianne Neumark-Sztainer''' ni Profesa wa Regents katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota katika Idara ya Epidemiolojia na Afya ya Jamii katika Shule ya Afya ya Umma ya Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota. Yeye ni mtafiti na msomi anayejikita katika masuala ya ulaji, matatizo ya ulaji, na afya zinazohusiana na uzito kwa vijana balehe na vijana watu wazima. Utafiti wake kuhusu kinga ya matatizo ya ulaji, uliofanyika katika shule za sekondari huko [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]], ulikuwa miongoni mwa tafiti za mwanzo katika fasihi ya kisayansi kuchanganya muundo wa kisayansi na vipengele vya uingiliaji (intervention).<ref>{{cite journal|url=[https://www.jneb.org/article/S0022-3182(12)80262-7/fulltext|title=Eating](https://www.jneb.org/article/S0022-3182%2812%2980262-7/fulltext|title=Eating) disturbances among adolescent girls: Evaluation of a school-based primary prevention program|year=1995|doi=10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80262-7|last1=Neumark-Sztainer|first1=Dianne|last2=Butler|first2=Ruth|last3=Palti|first3=Hava|journal=Journal of Nutrition Education|volume=27|pages=24–31}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mradi wake wa utafiti wa Project EAT, ulioanzishwa mwaka 1995, ni mmoja wa tafiti kubwa na zinazoongoza kuhusu matokeo ya ulaji na uzito, ikiwemo unene kupita kiasi, ulaji usiofaa, ukosefu wa mazoezi ya mwili, tabia za ulaji zisizo na mpangilio, na kutoridhika na mwili miongoni mwa vijana balehe na vijana watu wazima kutoka asili mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.sph.umn.edu/research/projects/project-eat/|title=Project](https://www.sph.umn.edu/research/projects/project-eat/|title=Project) EAT}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya kazi yake imejikita katika utafiti wa milo ya kifamilia, ikiwemo mara ngapi familia hula pamoja, aina ya vyakula vinavyotolewa, na faida za kula pamoja kama familia. Baadhi ya kazi zake za baadaye zinachunguza uwezekano wa kutumia [[yoga]] kama njia ya kusaidia kushughulikia matatizo yanayohusiana na uzito. Ameandika zaidi ya makala 500 za kisayansi pamoja na kitabu kimoja kiitwacho ''"I’m, Like, SO Fat!": Helping Your Teen Make Healthy Choices about Eating and Exercise in a Weight Obsessed World''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=R6dJhXcAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Dianne](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=R6dJhXcAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Dianne) Neumark-Sztainer - Google Scholar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fyg5eakqa9y6vfk70c543hdhxen5xke 0 233244 1548657 1539536 2026-05-22T22:21:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Effie Isobel Raitt''' (13 Juni 1878<ref name=":0">Baadhi ya vyanzo vinatoa mwaka wa kuzaliwa 1879; tarehe 13 Juni 1878 ndiyo iliyotumika kwenye ombi lake la pasipoti ya Marekani mwaka 1910, na Patterson, Iowa ndiyo mahali pa kuzaliwa kama ilivyoripotiwa na Nyaraka za Kitaifa kupitia Ancestry.</ref> – 4 Desemba 1945) alikuwa [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] mtaalamu wa lishe na profesa wa chuo kikuu. Alikuwa mkuu wa Shule ya Sayansi ya Nyumbani (School of Home Economics) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington kwa zaidi ya miaka 30, kuanzia 1912 hadi 1945. Raitt Hall, jengo lililopo katika eneo kuu la chuo hicho linalojulikana kama University of Washington Quad, limepewa jina lake kwa heshima yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=History |url=[https://nutr.uw.edu/about/history/](https://nutr.uw.edu/about/history/) |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=University of Washington Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alikuwa kiongozi wa kitaifa katika mashirika ya American Home Economics Association na American Dietetic Association. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1945}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] om1fz1tx1r5d88zsatnrtfq62sqtw24 0 233474 1548441 1545823 2026-05-22T15:09:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chernor Ramadan Maju Bah''' (alizaliwa Aprili 29, 1972), anayejulikana pia kwa jina la utani Chericoco, ni mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye kwa sasa ni kiongozi wa upinzani tangu mwaka 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political maturity never seen before! {{!}} Sierra Leone News Hunters|url=http://www.sierraleonenewshunters.com/content/political-maturity-never-seen|work=www.sierraleonenewshunters.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101755/http://www.sierraleonenewshunters.com/content/political-maturity-never-seen|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Chernor Bah Raps With Fullah Community|url=http://www.thetorchlight.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4164:hon-chernor-bah-raps-with-fullah-community&catid=36:local-news&Itemid=27|work=www.thetorchlight.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-gb|author=Administrator|archive-date=2013-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192442/http://www.thetorchlight.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4164:hon-chernor-bah-raps-with-fullah-community&catid=36:local-news&Itemid=27|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] evuzp5utisqmwecmiim87s1z7zybvbw 0 233489 1548593 1539907 2026-05-22T19:44:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dennis Bright''' (aliyezaliwa mjini Freetown''',''' Sierra Leone) ni aliyekuwa waziri wa serikali nchini Sierra Leone. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Vijana na Michezo wa Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2007. Dennis Bright alifundisha Kifaransa katika chuo kikuu na alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Mafundisho cha Kifaransa na Sierra Leone (''Franco-Sierra Leonean Pedagogical Centre'') mjini Freetown. Yeye ni mwanachama wa kabila la Creole. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) kabla ya kujiuzulu mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Dennis Bright resigns from SLPP|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-dennis-bright-resigns-from-slpp|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2017-06-08|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard|archive-date=2024-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201185324/http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-dennis-bright-resigns-from-slpp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 20o6kn4f7ox7fja4iuayzrq3lh0d2rd 0 233563 1548868 1540265 2026-05-23T07:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herbert Bertie Anscomb''' ([[23 Februari]] [[1892]] – [[12 Novemba]] [[1972]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa jimbo la British Columbia nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa nchini Ufalme wa Muungano na alihamia Kanada mwaka 1911, akikaa Victoria. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, Anscomb alifanya kazi kama mhasibu katika Victoria Brewing Company, na baadaye akawa meneja wa kampuni hiyo licha ya yeye mwenyewe kuwa mtu asiyekunywa pombe kabisa. Katika taaluma yake ya kisiasa, alihudumu kama kiongozi wa Conservative Party of British Columbia kuanzia 1946 hadi 1952, na pia alikuwa waziri katika serikali za Byron Ingemar Johnson na John Hart.<ref name="oak">[http://www.webturf.com/oakbay/history/encyclopedia/a.html Herbert Anscomb] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webturf.com/oakbay/history/encyclopedia/a.html |date=20250120112855 }}, ''Oak Bay Encyclopedia''</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1892]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1972]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] kzup7bizi1f3yvb1k7kl94rkysdjbe0 0 233567 1548798 1540048 2026-05-23T04:11:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabrielle Hyacinthe''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Haiti]] ambaye alishika nafasi mbalimbali serikalini chini ya urais wa [[Michel Martelly]] pamoja na serikali za mpito zilizofuata.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.hpnhaiti.com/site/index.php/politique/14154-haiti-politique-installation-de-gabrielle-hyacinthe-au-ministere-des-haitiens-vivant-a-l-etranger|title=Installation](https://www.hpnhaiti.com/site/index.php/politique/14154-haiti-politique-installation-de-gabrielle-hyacinthe-au-ministere-des-haitiens-vivant-a-l-etranger|title=Installation) de Gabrielle Hyacinthe au ministère des Haïtiens vivant à l'étranger|website=Haiti Press Network|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Haiti]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Haiti]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Haiti]] 6nlnn08gcd8h9f9nt3ebym0rwqnh3fq 0 233574 1548442 1540056 2026-05-22T15:11:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheryl Day''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1961) ni mwokaji mikate na keki pamoja na mwandishiwa vyakula kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mmiliki wa Back in the Day Bakery mjini [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], Georgia, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Southern Restaurants for Racial Justice. Yeye ni mwandishi wa vitabu viwili vya mapishi vilivyokuwa maarufu sana, alivyoandika pamoja na mume wake Griff Day. Mwaka 2015 alikuwa miongoni mwa walioingia nusu fainali za Tuzo za James Beard katika kipengele cha Mwokaji Bora (Outstanding Baker). == Wasifu == Day alizaliwa mwaka 1961.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Moskin|first=Julia|date=2020-07-21|title=When the Bake Sale Goes Global, Millions Are Raised to Fight Injustice|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/dining/bake-sale-activism-racism.html|access-date=2022-01-23|issn=0362-4331}}](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/dining/bake-sale-activism-racism.html|access-date=2022-01-23|issn=0362-4331}})</ref> Bibi yake mkubwa wa kizazi cha pili, Hannah Queen Grubbs, alikuwa mpishi mtumwa wa vitamu (pastry chef) aliyejulikana kwa ustadi wake wa kuoka, hasa pai na mapambo ya keki (frosting).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=March 9, 2021|first=Keia|last=Mastrianni|title=Back in the Day Bakery Is Savannah's Sweetest Spot|url=[https://www.southernliving.com/travel/georgia/back-in-the-day-bakery-savannah|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Southern](https://www.southernliving.com/travel/georgia/back-in-the-day-bakery-savannah|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Southern) Living|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Day amesema kuwa historia hiyo ya kifamilia hufanya kazi yake ionekane kuwa na umuhimu mkubwa zaidi kwake. Alifundishwa kuoka na bibi yake wakati wa likizo za majira ya joto alizokuwa akikaa naye huko Alabama.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 2002 alianzisha Back in the Day Bakery, na kufikia mwaka 2020 alikuwa akiendesha biashara hiyo pamoja na mume wake, Griff.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Endolyn|first=Osayi|date=2015-04-30|title=Back in the Day bakery owners talk new cookbook at Atlanta events|url=[https://www.atlantamagazine.com/dining-news/back-in-the-day-bakery-owners-talk-new-cookbook-at-atlanta-events/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Atlanta](https://www.atlantamagazine.com/dining-news/back-in-the-day-bakery-owners-talk-new-cookbook-at-atlanta-events/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Atlanta) Magazine|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] cr8ov3iw8r2b1d3okkpujrsom7kmga2 0 233578 1548802 1540060 2026-05-23T04:19:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gale Gand''' ni mpishi wa vitamu mwenye makazi yake mjini [[Chicago]], [[Marekani]]. Pia ni mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, mtu wa televisheni, na mshindi wa Tuzo ya James Beard Foundation ya mwaka 2001 katika kipengele cha Mpishi Bora wa Vitamu (Outstanding Pastry Chef). Gand alikuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha Food Network kiitwacho ''Sweet Dreams''.<ref>[[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gale-gand](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gale-gand) Gale Gand's Biography on the Huffington Post]</ref> Pia alikuwa Mpishi Mkazi (Chef-in-Residence) katika Elawa Farm huko Lake Forest, Illinois. Yeye ni mshirika na alikuwa mpishi mkuu mwanzilishi wa vitamu katika Tru,<ref>[[http://chicago.metromix.com/restaurants/review/review-tru/163495/content](http://chicago.metromix.com/restaurants/review/review-tru/163495/content){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Review: Tru]</ref> mgahawa wa kisasa wa hadhi ya juu uliokuwa ukihusishwa na Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises. Gand na washirika wake wa Tru walishinda Tuzo ya James Beard Foundation ya mwaka 2007 katika kipengele cha Huduma Bora. Pia aliandika blogu kwa ajili ya ''Huffington Post'',<ref>[[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gale-gand/real-pastry-the-places-so_b_153301.html](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gale-gand/real-pastry-the-places-so_b_153301.html) Huffington Post]</ref> alikuwa mshiriki katika kipindi cha Iron Chef America katika msimu wa 2006–2007,<ref>List of Iron Chef America Episodes</ref> na alikuwa jaji katika kipindi cha Bravo cha Top Chef mwaka 2008 katika sehemu iliyoitwa ''Wedding Wars''.<ref>Top Chef (season 4)#Episode 9: Wedding Wars|Top Chef (season 4)</ref> Gand pia alionekana katika kipindi cha televisheni cha [[Great Chefs]].<ref>[[https://archive.today/20130125082023/http://www.greatchefs.com/?page_id=547](https://archive.today/20130125082023/http://www.greatchefs.com/?page_id=547) Great Chefs The Women]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] hm1befft8ghthhc8ijby8jxi8uvv6mu 0 233580 1548396 1540062 2026-05-22T13:53:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carine Goren''' ( alizaliwa mwaka 1974) ni Mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) kutoka [[Israeli]], mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi vilivyouza sana, na mtu wa televisheni. Alianza kazi yake ya upishi akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 kama mwandishi na mhariri wa mapishi katika jarida la chakula la Israel liitwalo ''Al Hashulchan'' (yaani “Kwenye Meza”). Mwaka 2006 alichapisha kitabu chake cha kwanza cha mapishi ya vitamu kiitwacho ''Sweet Secrets''. Kufikia mwaka 2016 alikuwa amechapisha jumla ya vitabu vitano vya mapishi, likiwemo moja la watoto. Pia ana kipindi chake cha televisheni cha upishi cha kuoka keki kinachoitwa ''Sweet Secrets''. Mwaka 2016 alikua jaji katika kipindi kipya cha uhalisia cha Israel kiitwacho ''Bake-Off Israel''. Alikuwa mtu aliyesomewa zaidi kwenye Google nchini Israel mwaka 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://labs.time.com/story/see-the-most-googled-person-in-each-country-in-2015/|title=See](https://labs.time.com/story/see-the-most-googled-person-in-each-country-in-2015/|title=See) the Most Googled Person in Each Country in 2015|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Megan|last=McCluskey|date=30 Desemba 2015|access-date=22 Novemba 2016}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] fdmxvmxafk1f6r770jnhpf68fi5v5h8 0 233583 1548650 1540065 2026-05-22T21:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Adam “Duff” Goldman''' (amezaliwa 17 Desemba 1974) ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] mfanyabiashara, mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef), mtu wa televisheni, na mwandishi. Yeye ni mpishi mkuu mtendaji wa duka la keki la Charm City Cakes lililopo [[Baltimore]], ambalo lilionyeshwa katika kipindi cha reality cha Food Network kiitwacho ''Ace of Cakes''. Pia ni mpishi mkuu mtendaji wa Charm City Cakes West iliyopo [[Los Angeles]], ambayo ilionekana katika vipindi vya Food Network kama ''Duff Till Dawn'' na mfululizo wa ''Cake Masters''.<ref name="BaltBizJourn">Julekha Dash. "[[http://baltimore.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2004/05/24/smallb1.html](http://baltimore.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2004/05/24/smallb1.html){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Audacity brings chef sweet success]", ''Baltimore Business Journal''. Accessed January 20, 2007.</ref> Kazi yake pia imeonekana katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''Food Network Challenge'', ''Iron Chef America'', ''Oprah'', ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'', ''Man v. Food'', ''Buddy vs. Duff'', ''Duff Takes the Cake'', na ''Duff's Fun Bake Time''. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 4yz0unxvh29qiml2h8ynltungxrbet0 0 233585 1548622 1540067 2026-05-22T20:43:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dithny Joan Raton''' (alizaliwa tarehe mnamo 10 Septemba 1974)<ref name="Nou">{{cite web|url=[https://lenouvelliste.com/article/155602/dithny-joan-raton-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-culture|title=Dithny](https://lenouvelliste.com/article/155602/dithny-joan-raton-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-culture|title=Dithny) Joan Raton, nouvelle ministre de la Culture|website=Le Nouvelliste|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa kutoka nchini [[Haiti]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Utamaduni katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Haiti]] kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2017. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Haiti]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Haiti]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Haiti]] o3r30n45zscbrtf83c3tuhkn3cqdp89 0 233589 1548553 1540071 2026-05-22T18:14:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cédric Grolet''' (amezaliwa 28 Agosti 1985, Firminy, [[Ufaransa]]) ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef). Yeye ni mpishi mkuu wa vitindamlo katika hoteli ya Le Meurice iliyopo Paris, ambayo ni sehemu ya kundi la hoteli la Dorchester Collection. Grolet anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa vitindamlo vinavyozingatia matunda na uundaji upya wa desserts za jadi za Kifaransa. Ameshajipatia umaarufu kwa kutengeneza vitindamlo vinavyofanana sana na matunda halisi ambayo vinatokana nayo.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/my-life-in-food-c-dric-grolet-pastry-chef-8916504.html|title=My](https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/my-life-in-food-c-dric-grolet-pastry-chef-8916504.html|title=My) life in food: Cédric Grolet, pastry chef|website=Independent.co.uk|accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite web|url=[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-01/cedric-grolet-is-breaking-the-rules-of-french-dessert|title=Paris](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-01/cedric-grolet-is-breaking-the-rules-of-french-dessert|title=Paris) Pastry Chefs Are Bucking Tradition to Unforgettable Effect|date=1 December 2017|website=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=1 June 2018|via=[www.bloomberg.com](http://www.bloomberg.com)}}</ref> Ili kufanikisha muonekano huo, hutumia ganda jembamba la chokoleti nyeupe na kupaka rangi kwa njia ya airbrush ili kuiga umbo na muonekano wa matunda kama limao, tufaha na tini. Pia ameandika kitabu cha mapishi kiitwacho ''Fruits'', kinachoeleza mbinu zake za vitindamlo vinavyotokana na matunda.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.vogue.com/article/cedric-grolet-fruit-pastries-instagram|title=Surreal](https://www.vogue.com/article/cedric-grolet-fruit-pastries-instagram|title=Surreal) Fruit Pastries Have Made This Chef an Instagram Star|website=Vogue.com|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=1 June 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] pob510vf6drx3r3937pwsffvl6ys9sn 0 233613 1548643 1540096 2026-05-22T21:20:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doreen Kong Yuk-foon''' (alizaliwa tarehe 12 Julai 1970) ni mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]].<ref name="South China Morning Post - 2 November 2021 - Hong Kong elections">{{cite news|last1=Lau|first1=Chris|title=Hong Kong elections: securing nominations for Legislative Council poll no easy task, aspiring candidates find|url=[https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3154624/hong-kong-elections-securing-nominations-legislative|access-date=22](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3154624/hong-kong-elections-securing-nominations-legislative|access-date=22) Januari 2022|work=South China Morning Post|date=2 Novemba 2021|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Hong Kong kupitia jimbo la Election Committee (constituency)|Kamati ya Uchaguzi akiwa mwanachama huru wa kundi linalounga mkono Beijing nchini Hong Kong.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|date=2021-12-20|title=Hong Kong: Pro-Beijing candidates sweep controversial LegCo election|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-59717343|access-date=2022-01-22}}](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-59717343|access-date=2022-01-22}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] g0g4ihspjyy3p3elb975gul0o5669dy 0 233614 1548804 1540097 2026-05-23T04:30:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaston Lenôtre''' ({{IPA|fr|ɡastɔ̃ lənotʁ}}; 28 Mei 1920 – 8 Januari 2009) alikuwa [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef). Anajulikana kama mmoja wa watu wanaodhaniwa kuvumbua opera cake (''gâteau opéra''),<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.scena.org/lsm/sm7-8/cake.html](http://www.scena.org/lsm/sm7-8/cake.html) |title=Opera Cake |publisher=Scena.org |date=2002-05-01 |accessdate=2018-01-31 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shelton |first=Renee |url=[http://pastrysampler.blogspot.com/2012/06/opera-cake.html](http://pastrysampler.blogspot.com/2012/06/opera-cake.html) |title=Opera Cake - Pastry Sampler's Pastry and Bakery News |publisher=Pastrysampler.blogspot.com |accessdate=2018-01-31 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> pamoja na kuanzisha Lenôtre, himaya ya upishi iliyojumuisha mikahawa, huduma za upishi, biashara za rejareja, na shule za mapishi. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi watatu, pamoja na Paul Bocuse na Roger Verge, wa mgahawa wa Les Chefs de France uliopo Epcot katika [[Orlando, Florida]], nchini Marekani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|2009}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] egtmrqa9b8bm2rcqhwr6qh3be4rwjjn 0 233622 1548667 1540106 2026-05-22T23:43:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily Lau Wai-hing''' alizaliwa tarehe 21 Januari 1952) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]]. Akiwa mwandishi wa habari wa zamani, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa moja kwa moja katika Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Hong Kong kupitia uchaguzi wa 1991 Hong Kong legislative election|LegCo wa mwaka 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr12-16/lauwh.htm|title=Emily](https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr12-16/lauwh.htm|title=Emily) Lau Wai-hing|website=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Kutunga Sheria akiwakilisha jimbo la New Territories East (constituency)|New Territories East katika miaka ya 1990 na 2000 hadi alipojiuzulu mwaka 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1106843/emily-lau-wai-hing-elected-democratic-party-chairwoman|title=Emily](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1106843/emily-lau-wai-hing-elected-democratic-party-chairwoman|title=Emily) Lau Wai-hing elected Democratic Party chairwoman|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=16 Desemba 2012|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Democratic Party (Hong Kong)|Democratic Party]] ya Hong Kong hadi mwaka 2016.<ref name="Chair">{{cite news|url=[https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1106843/emily-lau-wai-hing-elected-democratic-party-chairwoman|title=Emily](https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1106843/emily-lau-wai-hing-elected-democratic-party-chairwoman|title=Emily) Lau Wai-hing elected Democratic Party chairwoman|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=16 Desemba 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] b1cnwd0z9wyp90u7lrnhr7d5dkl89sp 0 233631 1548820 1540124 2026-05-23T05:40:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gladys Veronica Li''' <small>'''QC, SC'''</small> ({{zh|c=李志喜}}; alizaliwa mwaka 1948) ni aliyekuwa wakili wa mahakama kuu nchini Uingereza, mshauri mkuu wa sheria katika Hong Kong Bar, na amejikita katika sheria za [[katiba]] pamoja na sheria za haki za binadamu.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://wma.hk/collaborators/gladys-li/|title=Gladys](https://wma.hk/collaborators/gladys-li/|title=Gladys) Li|website=WMA.hk|publisher=WMA Hong Kong|access-date=28 Machi 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa chama cha Civic Party cha Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.civicparty.hk/|title=Civic](https://www.civicparty.hk/|title=Civic) Party|website=Civic Party|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] cwafcirdodhrtox1j08rlbek7t4pj4w 0 233635 1548537 1540129 2026-05-22T17:28:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudia Mo Man-ching''' (alizaliwa tarehe 18 Januari 1957) ni mwandishi wa habari na mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]], na mwanachama wa kundi la Pro-democracy camp in Hong Kong|wanademokrasia wa Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171|title=Hong](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171|title=Hong) Kong pro-democracy lawmakers resign after China ruling|publisher=BBC|date=12 Novemba 2020|access-date=15 Desemba 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliwakilisha jimbo la Kowloon West (1998 constituency)|Kowloon West katika Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Hong Kong hadi Novemba 2020, alipojiuzulu pamoja na wabunge wengine wa upinzani kupinga hatua ya serikali ya kuwaondoa wabunge wenzao wanne kutoka madarakani.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171|title=Hong](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171|title=Hong) Kong pro-democracy lawmakers resign after China ruling|publisher=BBC|date=12 Novemba 2020|access-date=15 Desemba 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa China]] 0p60iyp1gknwt337khgdns3x60chlbe 0 233643 1548663 1540140 2026-05-22T23:07:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Quat''' ; alizaliwa tarehe 23 Desemba 1966) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]] kutoka chama cha Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong kinachounga mkono Beijing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Quat|first=Elizabeth|url=[http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2012/pdf/introd/LC5_06.pdf|date=14](http://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2012/pdf/introd/LC5_06.pdf|date=14) Agosti 2012|title=Elizabeth Quat Election Platform|access-date=11 Septemba 2012|archive-date=4 Novemba 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191104190351/https://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2012/pdf/introd/LC5_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20191104190351/https://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2012/pdf/introd/LC5_06.pdf|url-status=dead}})</ref> Yeye ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Internet Professional Association (iProA), mkurugenzi wa World Summit Award na mtendaji mkuu wa kampuni ya CB Strategic Investment.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr20-24/qep.htm|title=Elizabeth](https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr20-24/qep.htm|title=Elizabeth) Quat|website=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Quat alihitimu kutoka Greenwich University (Norfolk Island)|Greenwich University, Hawaii, taasisi ambayo baadaye ilifungwa na kutajwa kuwa taasisi isiyotambuliwa rasmi ya utoaji wa vyeti.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://webb-site.com/articles/quat.asp|title=E](http://webb-site.com/articles/quat.asp|title=E). Quat's degrees don't equate|year=2014|publisher=webb-site|access-date=13 Aprili 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] did3jmg9vhbsk3twbgmepsoe4yu2o12 0 233646 1548862 1540290 2026-05-23T07:41:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helena Wong Pik-wan''' (alizaliwa 21 Machi 1959) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Hong Kong]] aliyekuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Hong Kong kwa jimbo la [[Kowloon West (1998 constituency)|Kowloon West]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr12-16/wongpw.htm|title=Helena](https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr12-16/wongpw.htm|title=Helena) Wong Pik-wan|website=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia ni mhadhiri na mfanyakazi wa kitaaluma katika Hong Kong Polytechnic Universit.<ref name="PolyU">{{cite web|url=[http://www.polyu.edu.hk/~gec/staff/gehelena/index.php?p=/Academic%20Staff|title=Dr](http://www.polyu.edu.hk/~gec/staff/gehelena/index.php?p=/Academic%20Staff|title=Dr) Pik-wan Helena WONG|publisher=Hong Kong Polytechnic University|year=2011|access-date=9 Septemba 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hong Kong]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] jrj11013btxy5ph260nd21ejkjhyqu6 0 233650 1548591 1540148 2026-05-22T19:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denise Yue Chung-yee''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1952) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]] na aliyewahi kuwa Katibu wa Huduma za Umma (Secretary for the Civil Service).<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200404/20/0420190.htm|title=Appointment](https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200404/20/0420190.htm|title=Appointment) of Secretary for the Civil Service|website=Hong Kong Government Information Centre|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] 349calr6yzx915tp5hcobm2mt6ify4l 0 233651 1548674 1540150 2026-05-23T00:19:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erica Yuen Mi-ming''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Septemba 1980) ni mwanasiasa, mwigizaji na mtangazaji kutoka [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://hk-magazine.com/feature/erica-yuen-mi-ming|title=Erica](http://hk-magazine.com/feature/erica-yuen-mi-ming|title=Erica) Yuen Mi-ming|date=21 Septemba 2007|work=HK Magazine|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliwahi kushiriki mashindano ya urembo ya Miss Hong Kong pageant. Baadaye, alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa chama cha siasa cha People Power (Hong Kong)|People Power kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.britannica.com/topic/People-Power-Hong-Kong-political-party|title=People](https://www.britannica.com/topic/People-Power-Hong-Kong-political-party|title=People) Power (Hong Kong political party)|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa China]] t0gobagsw0hluq7gmhflb2unl67dmxo 0 233653 1548700 1540152 2026-05-23T01:17:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Yung Hoi-yan''' ; alizaliwa tarehe 7 Juni 1977) ni wakili wa mahakama (barrister) na mwanasiasa wa [[Hong Kong]] anayeunga mkono [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr16-20/yunghy.htm|title=Eunice](https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr16-20/yunghy.htm|title=Eunice) Yung Hoi-yan|website=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa makamu mwenyekiti wa New People's Party (Hong Kong)|New People's Party (NPP). Alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Hong Kong akiwakilisha jimbo la New Territories East (constituency)|New Territories East mwaka 2016, na baadaye akawakilisha Election Committee (constituency)|Kamati ya Uchaguzi mwaka 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr20-24/yunghy.htm|title=Eunice](https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr20-24/yunghy.htm|title=Eunice) Yung Hoi-yan|website=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alijiuzulu mwaka 2025 wakati wa 2025 Hong Kong legislative election|uchaguzi wa 2025, kufuatia wasiwasi kuhusu uwezekano wake wa kushiriki tena uchaguzi baada ya baba mkwe wake kuwekwa kwenye orodha ya watu wanaotafutwa na polisi wa kitengo cha usalama wa taifa.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-hong-kong|title=Hong](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-hong-kong|title=Hong) Kong politics updates|website=BBC News|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa China]] rw6urttsmz8viedfprw6984a5b134l4 0 233672 1548757 1540308 2026-05-23T03:02:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Alderisi''' (alizaliwa 29 Machi 1968) ni mwanasiasa na mtangazaji wa televisheni kutoka [[Italia]]. Tangu |uchaguzi mkuu wa 2018, ni Seneta katika Bunge la Seneti la Jamhuri ya Italia akiwakilisha chama cha Forza Italia katika eneo la Amerika Kaskazini na Kati.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 Machi 2018|title=Italiani all'estero, Francesca Alderisi senatrice|url=[https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-allestero-francesca-alderisi-senatrice-commossa-grazie-tutti-cita-tremaglia/|website=Italia](https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-allestero-francesca-alderisi-senatrice-commossa-grazie-tutti-cita-tremaglia/|website=Italia) Chiama Italia|access-date=16 Machi 2022|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] qobr18z54rtylgdxvarcrh9vu6ehjaj 0 233765 1548762 1540440 2026-05-23T03:13:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco Pitarch Dellà''' ([[24 Februari]] [[1927]] – [[14 Juni]] [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] akiwa na Real Zaragoza mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950. ==Maisha ya awali== Pitarch alizaliwa katika mji wa El Prat de Llobregat, [[Catalonia]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto sita katika familia ya Domingo na Vicenta, ambao walikuwa asili ya Castellón de la Plana. Familia yake ilihamia Llobregat kwa ajili ya kazi, ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi ya kuendesha gari la farasi na mama yake alitengeneza vyungu vya udongo, kiasi kwamba alijulikana kwa jina la utani “mama wa vyungu”. Kaka yake mmoja, Antoniet, alifariki katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Hispania. ==Maisha ya soka== Alianza soka lake katika akademi ya vijana ya ''Academia Práctica'' na baadaye akachezea klabu ya Marina. Mwaka 1942 alijiunga na timu ya kwanza ya CD Prat akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, ambapo alikuwa akilipwa 10 Kihispania peseta kwa kila [[mechi]] na pesa ya ziada kwa kila bao alilofunga.<ref name=Cihe>{{cite web |url=https://www.cuadernosdefutbol.com/2013/12/la-pena-de-paco-pitarch/ |title=La pena de Paco Pitarch |trans-title=Paco Pitarch's grief |language=es |website=www.cuadernosdefutbol.com |publisher=[[:es:Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español|CIHEFE]] |date=16 November 2013 |access-date=13 May 2024 |archive-date=2026-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217095827/https://www.cuadernosdefutbol.com/2013/12/la-pena-de-paco-pitarch/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Bdfut>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j9848.html |title=Pitarch, Francisco Pitarch Dellà - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=13 May 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1927|1977}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] mjg0299psp786e0vk2bnvwt9wjtwu8g 0 233783 1548758 1540501 2026-05-23T03:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Balzani''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1966) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Diwani wa Manispaa kwa ajili ya Bajeti katika mji wa [[Genoa]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2009, na alikuwa [[Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] wakati wa bunge la saba la Ulaya (2009–2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96919/FRANCESCA_BALZANI/history/7|title=Francesca BALZANI - History of parliamentary service|publisher=European Parliament|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2016, alishika nafasi ya Naibu Meya wa mji wa [[Milan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/francesca-balzani/39103|title=Francesca Balzani|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966||Balzani, Francesca}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] 63t78f703c1560n2o5da7bm4e41d70r 0 233790 1548738 1540521 2026-05-23T02:31:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fiorenza Bassoli''' (9 Agosti 1948 – 5 Julai 2020) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia|Italia.]] == Wasifu == Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika chama cha PCI na baadaye kujiunga na PDS, DS, na hatimaye [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/15/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00017541.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Fiorenza BASSOLI - XV Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Bassoli alifanya kazi kama mbunge katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] wakati wa bunge la kumi na tano na kumi na sita (2006–2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/20_luglio_05/morta-fiorenza-bassoli-ex-senatrice-pd-aveva-71-anni-78f993f4-be99-11ea-85d0-9f5b3589b91c.shtml|title=Morta Fiorenza Bassoli, ex senatrice Pd: aveva 71 anni|work=Corriere della Sera|date=5 Julai 2020|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia, alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya wa mji wa [[Sesto San Giovanni]] kuanzia mwaka 1985 hadi 1994. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|2020|Bassoli, Fiorenza}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 4k5pisw5d22tupuwfsiwcczpd3mfqvt 0 233793 1548956 1540527 2026-05-23T09:57:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Immacolata "Imma" Battaglia''' (alizaliwa 28 Machi 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za [[LGBT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/11/11/cosi-si-creano-parcheggi-per-bimbi-insorgono.html|title='Così si creano parcheggi per i bimbi' Insorgono i sindacati e il centrosinistra|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> == Wasifu == Battaglia anafahamika zaidi kama mmoja wa waasisi wa harakati za mashoga nchini Italia. Alikuwa rais wa shirika la ''Mario Mieli'' na mratibu wa maandamano ya kwanza ya kimataifa ya "World Pride" yaliyofanyika mjini [[Roma]] mwaka 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/13_giugno_10/imma-battaglia-consiglio-comunale-roma_a988d8b6-d1cc-11e2-b883-4a113e00781e.shtml|title=Roma, Imma Battaglia entra in Consiglio comunale|publisher=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika nyanja ya siasa, alifanya kazi kama diwani katika manispaa ya Roma kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2016. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Battaglia, Imma}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ``` r9wwarr7zb9cslv0qg9x98g0ehkiq2g 0 233802 1548374 1541323 2026-05-22T13:25:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bu-Buakei Jabbi''' (alizaliwa tarehe 7 Mei 1945) ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Yeye ni mbunge aliyechaguliwa katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Jimbo la 8 katika Wilaya ya Kailahun. Pia, ni mwanasheria mkuu (senior attorney) wa chama cha SLPP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bu-Buakei Jabbi stops SLPP convention|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/bu-buakei-jabbi-stops-slpp-convention|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2011-03-01|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard|archive-date=2025-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125044137/http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/bu-buakei-jabbi-stops-slpp-convention|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Benjamin Hires Bu-Buakei Jabbi in Laudable Gesture but Jabbi still wants a DECLARATION from Supreme Court: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=17845|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061728/http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=17845|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m8nvkyx4hozadda638a5bjhalq48wi8 0 233804 1548660 1540546 2026-05-22T22:46:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleonora Bechis''' (alizaliwa 19 Machi 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305898&idpersona=305898&idlegislatura=17|title=BECHIS Eleonora - mista|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S), lakini baadaye aliondoka na kujiunga na kikundi cha Alternativa Libera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/eleonora-bechis/305898|title=Eleonora Bechis|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa muhula wake bungeni, alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Kumi na Moja inayoshughulikia masuala ya Kazi za Umma na Binafsi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Bechis, Eleonora}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ngtyw0k7cn5g9731exxc560vqm1y70q 0 233809 1548364 1540554 2026-05-22T13:16:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce E. Toll''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 29]], [[1943]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya kujenga nyumba [[Toll Brothers]].Mwaka [[1967]], Toll na kaka yake [[Robert I. Toll]] walianzisha Toll Brothers wakizingatia kujenga nyumba za kifahari<ref name=RealDealBobToll>[http://therealdeal.com/closings/bob-toll/ The Real Deal: "Bob Toll" by Lauren Elkies] {{Wayback|url=http://therealdeal.com/closings/bob-toll/ |date=20221224132118 }} retrieved November 7, 2013</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jzwbqd4b9onstnltv2b9hxza7rkzkbp 0 233829 1548960 1540583 2026-05-23T10:01:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingrid Bisa''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1978) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane (Legislature XVIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307406&idLegislatura=18|title=BISA Ingrid - LEGA|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bisa ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha jimbo la Veneto 1. Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria anayejishughulisha na sheria za kiraia. Katika bunge la kumi na nane, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Sheria (Justice Commission).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/ingrid-bisa/236176|title=Ingrid Bisa|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978||Bisa, Ingrid}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4y7eb53gkmmonlk81xpfeiaomrsnq3a 0 233855 1548987 1540921 2026-05-23T10:46:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Crawford Taylor''' ([[Aprili 14]], [[1922]] – [[Julai 2]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company.<ref name="magazine.wustl.edu">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |title=''Washington'' 2003, A Man on a Mission |access-date=December 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801183837/http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |archive-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=UnivMoStLouisHist>[http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf University of Missouri: Missouri History – Jack C. Taylor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213128/http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved March 30, 2013</ref>Taylor pia alikuwa rubani wa kivita katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jack C. Taylor: Navy fighter pilot turned Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder |url=https://www.historynet.com/jack-c-taylor-enterprise-rent-a-car/ |website=HistoryNet |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baada ya vita, alifanya kazi kama muuzaji wa magari katika jiji la [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. Alianza Enterprise mwaka 1957 katika gereji, na kukua kuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi ya kukodisha magari nchini Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder Jack Taylor dies at 94 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/enterprise-rent-a-car-founder-jack-taylor-dies-at-94-1.3664209 |website=CBC News |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] on57fkeye43jt51sitk6iyrep5szlg3 0 233859 1548821 1546085 2026-05-23T05:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Albert Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 20]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Minnesota]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Glen Taylor |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/glen-taylor/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Taylor alipata utajiri wake kama mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa ''Taylor Corporation'' yenye makao yake Minnesota, moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya mawasiliano ya picha katika [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fiedler |first=Terry |date=April 1, 2014 |title=Glen Taylor: Soul of a billionaire |url=https://www.startribune.com/1998-glen-taylor-profile-soul-of-a-billionaire/253438271/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Star Tribune |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Seneti ya Minnesota na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor, Glen A. - Federal Charter |url=https://coms.doc.gov.bd/public/federal-charter/glen-a-taylor |website=coms.doc.gov.bd |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qlao6efl3hql7qgbpg6x18y2z9skypl 0 233863 1548350 1540646 2026-05-22T13:03:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bret Steven Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[msanidi programu]] wa kompyuta na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Aliongoza timu iliyounda kwa pamoja [[Google Maps]], alikuwa afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa [[Facebook]] (sasa Meta Platforms), mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya [[Twitter|Twitter, Inc]]. kabla ya kununuliwa na [[Elon Musk]], na alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji mwenza wa Salesforce (pamoja na mwanzilishi mwenza [[Marc Benioff]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor is a brilliant executive but could he get the top job at Uber? |url=https://www.afr.com/technology/bret-taylor-is-a-brilliant-executive-but-could-he-get-the-top-job-at-uber-20230919-p5e5z7 |website=Australian Financial Review |date=2023-09-19 |access-date=2026-05-11 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taylor pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa FriendFeed na muundaji wa programu ya ushirikiano Quip.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j0wk7xuylsrz5buu7c0ri3e041w1xmx 0 233868 1548475 1540655 2026-05-22T15:49:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christina Tosi''' (amezaliwa 1981) ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] [[mpishi]] na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mmiliki mwenza, pamoja na Momofuku, wa kampuni ya Milk Bar, ambapo pia anahudumu kama mpishi mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji. Tosi pia alibuni bidhaa maarufu za vitindamlo zinazojulikana kama Milk Bar Pie na Cereal Milk. Jarida la ''Food & Wine'' lilimtaja katika orodha yake ya mwaka 2014 ya “Wanawake Wenye Ubunifu Mkubwa Zaidi katika Chakula na Vinywaji”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Most Innovative Women in Food and Drink |url=[https://fortune.com/2014/09/03/the-most-innovative-women-in-food-and-drink/](https://fortune.com/2014/09/03/the-most-innovative-women-in-food-and-drink/) |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Fortune |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0jhhgpjl0p57w6o600rbcfnrk3o5avx 0 233876 1548543 1540665 2026-05-22T17:46:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Connie Achurra''' ni mpishi wa televisheni kutoka [[Chile]] na mwanaharakati wa ulaji wenye afya. Yeye ni binti wa mwigizaji Patricio Achurra na dada wa mwigizaji Ignacio Achurra pamoja na mpiga picha wa kitaaluma Macarena Achurra. Alisoma katika Universidad Mayor, lakini hakumaliza shahada yake. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 hadi 22, alisumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa bulimia hadi familia yake ilipogundua hali hiyo na kumsaidia kupata matibabu. Baada ya kushauriana na madaktari na wanasaikolojia, aligundulika kuwa na uraibu wa sukari na akaanza kuacha matumizi ya sukari iliyosafishwa katika lishe yake. Baadaye alifanya kazi katika [[Televisión Nacional de Chile]], ambapo alikutana na mume wake mtarajiwa. Baada ya wote kufukuzwa kazi, alianzisha warsha ya kurekebisha fanicha iitwayo Persian Biobío kwa msaada wa kifedha kutoka kwa mama yake. Alianza kutangaza kazi zake kupitia [[Facebook]] na kupata wateja wengi. Baadaye alianza pia kushiriki maudhui kuhusu ulaji wenye afya, hasa mapishi ya dessert zisizotumia sukari iliyosafishwa. Mawazo haya yalipata umaarufu mkubwa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii, na akaanzisha warsha za kufundisha watu wengine mapishi hayo.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ubilla|first1=Rebeca|title=Connie Achurra: "La comida saludable no es fome, ni más cara ni más complicada"|url=[http://mujeresymas.cl/connie-achurra-la-comida-saludable-no-es-fome-ni-mas-cara-ni-mas-complicada/|publisher=Mujeres](http://mujeresymas.cl/connie-achurra-la-comida-saludable-no-es-fome-ni-mas-cara-ni-mas-complicada/|publisher=Mujeres) y Mas|accessdate=26 Novemba 2017|language=Spanish|date=6 Mei 2016}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hatimaye alifanya kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''Mi Lado Dulce'' kwenye Canal 13. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Chile]] orgoxg28sfba9j63udu0xdubyzrodqu 0 233877 1548602 1540891 2026-05-22T19:59:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Desta Bairu''' (1 Juni 1914 – 20 Juni 2002) alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa [[Eritrea]] na [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Bairu alizaliwa tarehe 1 Juni 1914 katika [[Asmara]], wakati huo ikiwa sehemu ya koloni la Italian Eritrea.<ref name=":0" /> Alihamia [[Marekani]] mwaka 1959. == Kazi == Alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu kwa Balozi wa Ethiopia katika Umoja wa Mataifa. Mwaka 1977, alianzisha Mamma Desta, mgahawa wa vyakula vya Kiethiopia ulioko kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0">Harry Kloman, [[https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/](https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/) Desta Bairu – Restaurant Pioneer], blog post at ''Ethiopian Food: Mesob Across America''</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Eater Staff|date=2016-08-17|title=Ethiopians in D.C.: Building Community Through Food {{!}} MOFAD City|url=[http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}}](http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Eritrea]] adilkkhm2eti2h5if5vxhbxzhqdf9l7 0 233885 1548794 1540675 2026-05-23T04:07:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriela Cámara Bargellino''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Mexico]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya upishi ya Mexico na pia kwa kuhusishwa na juhudi za kukuza utalii wa Mexico. Katika baadhi ya nyakati, alihusishwa na kazi za kimkakati za kukuza utalii wa nchi hiyo chini ya serikali ya [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.sinembargo.mx/3456751/quien-es-gabriela-camara-bargellino-la-chef-encargada-de-la-promocion-turistica-de-mexico-con-amlo/|title=¿Quién](https://www.sinembargo.mx/3456751/quien-es-gabriela-camara-bargellino-la-chef-encargada-de-la-promocion-turistica-de-mexico-con-amlo/|title=¿Quién) es Gabriela Cámara Bargellino, la chef encargada de la promoción turística de México con AMLO?|website=SinEmbargo.mx|date=14 August 2018|language=es|access-date=27 August 2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i4decc3kbedr2z9di0m6q4tnb0al5tl 0 233886 1548977 1540920 2026-05-23T10:26:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Campabadal''' ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mwalimu wa upishi kutoka [[Costa Rica]]. Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Magón, ambayo ni tuzo ya juu zaidi ya kiraia na kitamaduni nchini Costa Rica. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Campabadal alizaliwa akiwa binti wa Anabel González. Alianza kupenda upishi akiwa na umri mdogo, jambo analosema lilichochewa na ushawishi wa mama yake.<ref name="González-2020">{{Rejea tovuti |last=González |first=Melissa |date=2 Juni 2020 |title=Isabel Campababal: Gastronomy as a heritage asset |url=[https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial](https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial) |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=[[La República (Costa Rica)|La República]] |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kosta Rika]] 7zrgzqw8lir18brmyyba9lqx71r497n 0 233907 1548658 1540709 2026-05-22T22:40:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Bonetti''' (alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1974) ni mwanasiasa na mwanahisabati wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama Waziri wa Familia na Fursa Sawa wa Italia kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi/governo-draghi/composizione-del-governo/elena-bonetti|title=Elena Bonetti|publisher=Governo Italiano|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma, Bonetti ni profesa mshiriki wa uchambuzi wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Milan. Alianza harakati zake za kijamii katika chama cha skauti cha AGESCI kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/elena-bonetti/267675|title=Elena Bonetti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2019, alijiunga na chama kipya cha [[Italia Viva]] kilichoanzishwa na Matteo Renzi. Akiwa waziri, alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha mpango wa "Family Act", ambao ni mageuzi makubwa ya mfumo wa kusaidia familia nchini Italia. Kwa sasa, ni mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Bonetti, Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lw7ei1mv87sgnm77vy98x90t2mp41be 0 233925 1548782 1540900 2026-05-23T03:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October 2022 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Calderone alizaliwa mjini [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na serikali, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kazi. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Washauri wa Kazi (National Council of the Order of Labour Consultants).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoro.gov.it/il-ministero/ministro-del-lavoro-e-delle-politiche-sociali/Pagine/biografia.aspx|title=Biografia del Ministro Marina Elvira Calderone|publisher=Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya [[Leonardo S.p.A.]] kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2020. Akiwa waziri, amejikita katika mageuzi ya soko la ajira na mifumo ya usaidizi wa kijamii nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Calderone, Marina Elvira}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4nctbiqomwtxm15l75jjbeaio6cehmi 0 233955 1548809 1540782 2026-05-23T04:54:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgianna Hiliadaki''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Ugiriki]], mwenye nyota ya Michelin, na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa Funky Gourmet.<ref name="Calcalist">{{cite web |title=Israel-Greece Conference "Food connects people, and that's what Greek cuisine does" |url=[https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq](https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq) |website=Calcalist |date=7 Juni 2022 |access-date=7 Oktoba 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7tvv2qal5hgm8rqmbebpjykqlw04gjn 0 234007 1548998 1540855 2026-05-23T11:05:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James E. Thompson''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Crown Worldwide Group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Leadership - James E. Thompson |url=https://www.crownworldwide.com/our-leadership |website=Crown Worldwide Group |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.bm.ust.hk/kh10th/general/speakers_jamesethompson.htm Kellogg-HKUST EMBA Program, 10th Anniversary Weekend, 25–27 May 2007, Conference Speakers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bm.ust.hk/kh10th/general/speakers_jamesethompson.htm |date=20250820163800 }}. bm.ust.hk</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hx5zjcxy5hgzgurini6xdokfh1qxws6 0 234050 1548584 1540947 2026-05-22T19:21:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caterina De Simone''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Titti De Simone''' (alizaliwa 15 Februari 1970), ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika bunge la 14 na la 15 kuanzia mwaka 2001 hadi 2008 kupitia chama cha [[Communist Refoundation Party]] (''Rifondazione Comunista'').<ref name="parlamento" /><ref name="openpolis" /> == Wasifu == De Simone alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari na alikuwa mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa haki za binadamu. Alipochaguliwa katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2001, aliweka historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza mbunge nchini Italia kutangaza waziwazi kuwa yeye ni msagaji (lesbian).<ref name="baroni" /> Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa haki za jamii ya [[LGBTQ+]], haki za wanawake, na masuala ya kijamii. Pia alihudumu kama Rais wa shirika la ''Arcilesbica'' kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2002. Baada ya kumaliza muda wake bungeni, ameendelea kuwa na ushawishi katika siasa za mkoa wa Sicily, ambapo amehudumu kama mshauri wa kisiasa wa Rais wa mkoa wa [[Apulia]], akijikita katika masuala ya utamaduni na utekelezaji wa sera za kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="parlamento">{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/caterina-de-simone-19700215|title=Caterina De Simone|publisher=Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> <ref name="openpolis">{{cite web|url=https://politici.openpolis.it/politico/titti-de-simone/2432|title=Titti De Simone|publisher=Openpolis|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="baroni">{{cite news|last=Baroni|first=Monica|title=Titti De Simone, la prima parlamentare lesbica: "La politica oggi ha paura"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2021/05/17/news/titti_de_simone_la_prima_parlamentare_lesbica_la_politica_oggi_ha_paura_-301438992/|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=17 Mei 2021}}</ref> }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970||De Simone, Titti}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pdxa50edx92hvpskgp86rtz791jxatl 0 234143 1548966 1541181 2026-05-23T10:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iolanda Di Stasio''' (alizaliwa 24 Februari 1992) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia (Camera dei Deputati), aliyekuwa amechaguliwa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018.<ref name="camera">{{cite web |url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/iolanda-di-stasio-19920224 |title=Iolanda Di Stasio - Portale Storico |publisher=Camera dei Deputati |language=it |access-date=2024-05-22}}</ref> == Wasifu na Kazi ya Kisiasa == Di Stasio alizaliwa mjini [[Aversa]], katika mkoa wa [[Caserta]]. Alihitimu shahada ya sheria na kujiingiza kwenye harakati za kisiasa akiwa na umri mdogo. Mnamo mwaka 2022, kufuatia mgogoro wa ndani ya chama cha Five Star Movement na uamuzi wa [[Luigi Di Maio]] kujitenga, Di Stasio alikuwa miongoni mwa wabunge waliojiunga na chama kipya cha [[Together for the Future]] (''Insieme per il Futuro'').<ref name="split">{{cite news |last=Rai News |date=2022-06-22 |title=Di Maio lascia i 5Stelle: Insieme a lui 62 parlamentari |url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2022/06/di-maio-lascia-i-5stelle-uno-strappo-sofferto-ma-necessario-8515059d-6493-4318-8097-909772a5a54b.html |work=Rai News |language=it}}</ref> Akiwa bungeni, alifanya kazikama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mambo ya Nje na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa. Pia alikuwa Rais wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Haki za Binadamu Duniani.<ref name="open">{{cite web |url=https://politici.openpolis.it/politico/iolanda-di-stasio/771891 |title=Iolanda Di Stasio |publisher=Openpolis |language=it |access-date=2024-05-22 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992||Di Stasio, Iolanda}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5kf5gc363u7010gndsm5yq0spg5kio8 0 234153 1548715 1542064 2026-05-23T01:42:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faless Debrah Moyo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi ambaye alichaguliwa mwaka 2025 kuwakilisha Jimbo la Chitipa North kama mgombea huru. == Maisha == Moyo aligombea kama mgombea huru na akashinda kwa kupata kura zaidi ya 5,300 katika Jimbo la Chitipa North.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi Elections 2025 - MP Results|url=https://malawi2025.info/m_cand.php|work=www.malawi2025.info|accessdate=2026-05-12|archive-date=2025-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211180515/https://malawi2025.info/m_cand.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ilisemekana kuwa yeye ndiye [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kushinda [[jimbo]] la uchaguzi katika Chitipa, ingawa Chimango Mughogho alikuwa amewahi kushinda Jimbo la Chitipa South hapo awali. Kitaifa, asilimia ya wanawake katika [[Bunge]] la Malawi ilikuwa takribani 21%, ambapo wanawake 40 kati ya wabunge 221 walikuwa wanawake mwaka 2025.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ex-minister regrets joining Peoples Party|date=2014-04-09|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/09/ex-minister-regrets-joining-peoples-party/comment-page-5/|work=Malawi Nyasa Times - Malawi breaking news in Malawi|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-12|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060128/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/09/ex-minister-regrets-joining-peoples-party/comment-page-5/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 362yqsjmz8fo9h6bm3t1be1gn2ft9nw 0 234220 1548931 1541663 2026-05-23T09:49:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilaria Fontana''' (alizaliwa 26 Juni 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Yeye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia na alifanya kazi kama Naibu Waziri (Undersecretary of State) katika Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia (Italia)|Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia chini ya serikali ya [[Mario Draghi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Governo Draghi, la ciociara Ilaria Fontana diventa sottosegretario alla Transizione Ecologica|url=https://www.frosinonetoday.it/politica/frosinone-ilaria-fontana-sottosegretario-transizione-ecologica.html|access-date=2022-01-20|website=FrosinoneToday|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Fontana alizaliwa mjini [[Alatri]], katika mkoa wa [[Frosinone]]. Alihitimu shahada ya kemia ya mazingira katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sapienza jijini Roma. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya mazingira na usalama mahali pa kazi. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mbunge katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 akiwakilisha jimbo la Lazio. Katika kipindi chake cha kwanza bungeni, alihudumu kama Rais wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Ardhi, na Kazi za Umma. Mnamo tarehe 24 Februari 2021, aliteuliwa na Waziri Mkuu Mario Draghi kuwa Naibu Waziri katika Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia (iliyojulikana zamani kama Wizara ya Mazingira).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mite.gov.it/pagina/ilaria-fontana|title=Sottosegretario Ilaria Fontana|publisher=Ministero della Transizione Ecologica|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika nafasi hii, alisimamia miradi inayohusiana na uchumi wa mzunguko (circular economy) na ulinzi wa bioanuwai. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa tena katika Baraza la Wawakilishi kuendelea kuwakilisha Five Star Movement. Fontana anajulikana kwa msimamo wake thabiti katika kupigania nishati mbadala na kupunguza matumizi ya plastiki nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984||Fontana, Ilaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watuwa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r4x2hgr97j1axk30xifa3lck4eefnkj 0 234290 1548741 1541462 2026-05-23T02:36:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flora Frate''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307409&idPersona=307409&idLegislatura=18|title=FRATE Flora - M5S|publisher=Camera dei Deputati|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Wasifu == Frate alizaliwa mjini [[Napoli]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwalimu na mtaalamu wa masuala ya kijamii na elimu. Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alijikita katika utafiti na mafunzo ya kishule. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kwa mara ya kwanza katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) katika jimbo la Campania. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya VII inayoshughulikia Masuala ya Utamaduni, Sayansi, na Elimu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/politica/flora_frate_espulsa_m5s-4960579.html|title=M5S espelle la deputata napoletana Flora Frate|work=Il Mattino|date=3 January 2020|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 2020, Frate aliondolewa (espelled) kwenye chama cha Five Star Movement baada ya kutokea kwa mfululizo wa kura ambazo hazikuendana na msimamo wa chama na mivutano kuhusu michango ya chama. Baadaye alijiunga na kikundi cha bunge cha "Azione" kinachoongozwa na Carlo Calenda na kisha kujiunga na "Italia Viva" ya Matteo Renzi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/flora-frate/227181|title=Flora Frate - Attività parlamentare|publisher=Openpolis|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika maisha yake bungeni, Frate alijulikana kwa kutetea haki za walimu, kuboresha miundombinu ya shule, na kukuza thamani ya elimu kama nyenzo ya mabadiliko ya kijamii. Hakuchaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2022. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983||Frate, Flora}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ceglgy0z9218wvpihxnb3hooanjqt0o 0 234305 1548333 1541478 2026-05-22T12:52:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Borja Oubiña Meléndez''' (amezaliwa [[17 Mei]], [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa mtaalamu wa [[soka]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo mkabaji. Alianza kariya yake katika klabu ya nyumbani RC Celta de Vigo na baadaye alicheza nchini [[Uingereza]] akiwa na Birmingham City F.C. mwaka 2007, lakini muda wake huko ulikatizwa mara moja kutokana na jeraha baya la goti, ambalo lilijirudia katika miaka iliyofuata.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://agencias.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=1151194|title=Borja Oubiña sobre su lesión: "No tengo buenas sensaciones"|trans-title=Borja Oubiña on his injury: "I don't feel good about this"|newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]|language=es|date=22 April 2012|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/vigo/celta/noticias/4105-al-celta-se-le-atragantan-los-partidos-despues-de-los-parones|title=Al Celta se le atragantan los partidos después de los parones|trans-title=Celta choke on matches after breaks|publisher=El Desmarque|first=Marci|last=Varela|language=es|date=20 November 2016|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=2020-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411005156/https://eldesmarque.com/vigo/celta/noticias/4105-al-celta-se-le-atragantan-los-partidos-despues-de-los-parones|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 492p9iafy6pres2sjsvvp5ga1km6kow 0 234345 1549033 1541532 2026-05-23T11:46:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeeca Uy''' (alizaliwa 1997 au 1998) ni mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi wa [[Ufilipino]] anayejihusisha na vyakula vya Mla mboga mboga/Lishe inayotokana na mimea. Anaandika blogu chini ya jina '''The Foodie Takes Flight'''. == Maisha ya awali == Jessica Uy alizaliwa kati ya mwaka 1997 na 1998 na kukulia nchini [[Philippines]], ambapo aliitwa Jeeca, jina analosema ni kifupi cha Jessica.<ref name=vsg>{{cite web |url=[https://vogue.sg/the-foodie-takes-flight-vegan-diet/](https://vogue.sg/the-foodie-takes-flight-vegan-diet/) |title=Jeeca Uy wa The Foodie Takes Flight kuhusu kufanya lishe ya vegan iwe endelevu na tamu |access-date=17 Januari 2024 |last=Sim |first=Janice |date=16 Novemba 2022 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)#Singapore (2020–present)|Vogue Singapore]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ezhf6xclir74lqkxpbjo28p34ul2v2e 0 234520 1548656 1543911 2026-05-22T22:17:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward W. Stack''' (alizaliwa [[1954]] au [[1955]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1984]], Stack alichukua nafasi kama mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Dick's Sporting Goods, kampuni ya kuuza vifaa vya michezo iliyoanzishwa mwaka [[1948]] na baba yake, Richard "Dick" Stack. Mnamo Februari [[2021]], alifuatwa kama CEO na [[Lauren Hobart]]. Kufikia Januari [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.19. <ref name="Gunther">{{cite journal |last1=Gunther |first1=Marc |title=Retail's rising star |journal=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=April 27, 2010 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2010/04/20/news/companies/dicks_sporting_goods.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2010042709 |access-date=June 7, 2018 |issn=0015-8259 |archive-date=2010-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713123901/http://money.cnn.com/2010/04/20/news/companies/dicks_sporting_goods.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2010042709 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Edward Stack |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/edward-stack/ |website=Forbes |access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="Begley">{{cite magazine |last1=Begley |first1=Sarah |title=What to Know about Edward Stack, the CEO of Dick's Sporting Goods |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2018 |url=https://time.com/5179229/edward-stack-ceo-dicks-sporting-goods/ |access-date=June 7, 2018 |issn=0040-781X |oclc=1311479 |archive-date=2023-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601204716/https://time.com/5179229/edward-stack-ceo-dicks-sporting-goods/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Lindeman">{{cite news |last1=Lindeman |first1=Teresa F. |title=Ed's way stacks up well for Dick's Sporting Goods |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2004/11/21/Ed-s-way-stacks-up-well-for-Dick-s-Sporting-Goods/stories/200411210231 |access-date=June 7, 2018 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |publisher=[[Block Communications]] |date=November 20, 2004 |issn=1068-624X}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5kkztzjm0x7k7qwl2yoi1oo10gt0w2j 0 234577 1548860 1542169 2026-05-23T07:37:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria do Carmo Seabra''' (alizaliwa 27 Januari 1955) ni mwanasiasa na mwanataaluma wa [[Ureno]]. Alifanya kazi kama **Waziri wa Elimu** katika serikali ya XVI ya Ureno chini ya Waziri Mkuu [[Pedro Santana Lopes]] kati ya mwaka 2004 na 2005. == Wasifu na Taaluma == Seabra alizaliwa mjini [[Lisbon]]. Alihitimu shahada ya uchumi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nova cha Lisbon (Nova SBE), ambapo baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD). Kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa waziri, alijipatia sifa kama mtaalamu wa uchumi na usimamizi wa umma. Pia alifanya kazi kama Rais wa Bodi ya Utendaji ya taasisi ya udhibiti wa mawasiliano nchini Ureno (inayojulikana sasa kama [[ANACOM]]) kuanzia mwaka 1992 hadi 2002, ambapo alisimamia mageuzi makubwa ya soko la mawasiliano nchini humo. == Kazi ya Kisiasa == Mnamo Julai 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Elimu. Ingawa alihudumu kwa kipindi cha miezi michache tu hadi mnamo Machi 2005, alijaribu kuanzisha mfumo wa tathmini ya utendaji wa walimu. Baada ya kuondoka serikalini, alirejea katika shughuli za ualimu kama profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nova. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.novasbe.unl.pt/en/faculty/maria-do-carmo-seabra Wasifu wa kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nova SBE]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc16/governo/ministros/educacao/maria-do-carmo-seabra.aspx Ukurasa rasmi wa kihistoria wa Serikali ya Ureno]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955||Seabra, Maria do Carmo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ureno]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ureno]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Lisbon]] 8tat19u5ijuivg0o2ao5yl7xnvzdyr4 0 234588 1548605 1542587 2026-05-22T20:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dharma Pongrekun''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1966) ni afisa mstaafu wa polisi wa [[Indonesia]] mwenye cheo cha jenerali wa nyota tatu, mchambuzi, mhubiri wa injili, mtu wa vyombo vya habari, na mwanasiasa. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Mkuu wa National Cyber and Crypto Agency kuanzia 17 Julai 2019 hadi 7 Oktoba 2021 chini ya uongozi wa Hinsa Siburian. Kabla ya hapo, alishika nyadhifa mbili katika Criminal Investigation Agency mwaka 2015 na 2016. Alistaafu kutoka jeshi la polisi mwaka 2024. Pia aligombea katika 2024 Jakarta gubernatorial election akiwa na Kun Wardana Abyoto, ambaye ni msomi.<ref name="kumparanprofil">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profil Dharma Pongrekun, Bacagub DKI via Jalur Perseorangan|url=[https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/profil-dharma-pongrekun-bacagub-dki-via-jalur-perseorangan-22j3XqTeXa6|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=}}](https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/profil-dharma-pongrekun-bacagub-dki-via-jalur-perseorangan-22j3XqTeXa6|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cf6aszyxbr54rim4a8rdg896684bems 0 234672 1548563 1545879 2026-05-22T18:46:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Mananta''' (alizaliwa [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], tarehe 14 Agosti 1981) ni [[mwigizaji]], mtangazaji, [[VJ]], na [[podikasti|mtayarishaji wa podikasti]] kutoka Indonesia mwenye asili ya Wachina wa Indonesia. Alijulikana zaidi baada ya kushinda shindano la MTV Indonesia VJ Hunt mwaka 2003, jambo lililomfanya afahamike sana kama [[VJ]] Daniel Mananta. Baadaye alijijengea jina kama mburudishaji pamoja na mjasiriamali kijana. == Maisha ya awali == Daniel Mananta alikuwa na utoto wa furaha mjini Jakarta, Indonesia. Alisoma katika shule ya Tarakanita IV iliyopo Pluit, Jakarta Kaskazini, kuanzia shule ya chekechea hadi kumaliza elimu ya sekondari ya chini. Baadaye alihamia [[Perth]], [[Australia]], kuendelea na elimu yake ya sekondari katika Chuo cha Aquinas. Mara chache huzungumzia maisha yake ya utotoni, kwani alihisi kuwa alikuwa na aibu katika mahusiano ya kijamii hadi baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari. Daniel Mananta ana ndugu mmoja wa kiume aitwaye William Mananta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daniel Mananta Official Website|url=http://www.danielmananta.com/|website=www.danielmananta.com|accessdate=2026-05-13|archive-date=2021-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731080452/http://danielmananta.com/|url-status=dead}}](http://www.danielmananta.com|website=www.danielmananta.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] k7mu39r5qppt4ylkbv32q4oueumsuhp 0 234673 1548527 1542380 2026-05-22T17:16:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Massimiliano Manassero''' (amezaliwa 26 Oktoba 1995) ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji wa zamani wa watoto kutoka [[Indonesia]]. == Maisha ya awali == Manassero alizaliwa mjini Malang akiwa mtoto wa baba Muitalia aitwaye Cesare na mama Mwindonesia aitwaye Sabrina Marianti. Kupitia baba yake, Manassero alianza kuishabikia klabu ya [[Inter Milan]] tangu akiwa na umri wa miaka minne.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guess what: Ciccio collects soccer jerseys|url=[https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/04/guess-what-ciccio-collects-soccer-jerseys.html|newspaper=[[The](https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/04/guess-what-ciccio-collects-soccer-jerseys.html|newspaper=[[The) Jakarta Post]]|date=4 January 2019|access-date=5 December 2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] 1fr2aodk8hzdtblr35n5ysudj39p8qz 0 234674 1548634 1542381 2026-05-22T21:02:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominggus Mandacan''' ni mwanasiasa wa Indonesia ambaye ni gavana wa Papua Magharibi, akihudumu tangu Februari 2025 baada ya muhula wake wa kwanza kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2022.<ref>[[http://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/07/29/raja-ampat-promotes-culture-with-festival-handicraft-exhibition.html](http://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/07/29/raja-ampat-promotes-culture-with-festival-handicraft-exhibition.html){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Raja Ampat promotes culture with festival, handicraft exhibition]. [[The Jakarta Post]], 29 Julai 2017. Iliwekwa 7 Agosti 2017.</ref><ref>[[http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-observes-massive-indonesian-military-exercise-near-south-china-sea](http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-observes-massive-indonesian-military-exercise-near-south-china-sea){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Jokowi observes massive Indonesian military exercise near South China Sea]. [[The Straits Times]], 20 Mei 2017. Iliwekwa 7 Agosti 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] bxmvfkfnevizcb8lm40r1dcx904d38n 0 234692 1548541 1542414 2026-05-22T17:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clotilde Marie Brigitte Armand''' (alizaliwa 28 Juni 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mfanyabiashara wa [[Romania]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Kati ya Oktoba 2020 na Novemba 2024, alifanya kazi kama Meya wa [[Sector 1 (Bucharest)|Sekta ya 1]] mjini Bucharest. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.clotildearmand.ro/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Clotilde Armand] {{Wayback|url=https://www.clotildearmand.ro/ |date=20240913174632 }} * [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197631/CLOTILDE_ARMAND/history/9 Wasifu katika Bunge la Ulaya] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Armand, Clotilde}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2sslk6seznmyhfvq10z311m4puetk4k 0 234699 1548607 1542424 2026-05-22T20:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Anda Buzoianu''' (alizaliwa 16 Mei 1994) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Romania]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama **Waziri wa Mazingira** tangu mwaka 2025.<ref name="minister_of_environment">{{cite web|url=https://www.presidency.ro/ro/media/comunicate-de-presa/decret-semnat-de-presedintele-romaniei-nicusor-dan1750694950|title=Decret semnat de Președintele României, Nicușor Dan|publisher=Administrația Prezidențială|language=ro|date=23 June 2025|access-date=2026-05-14}}</ref> Kabla ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu kuanzia Desemba 2020. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=52&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi katika Baraza la Manaibu]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1994||Buzoianu, Diana Anda}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aka0wt8vclgoaina7gxnc0ccpnrnmnh 0 234721 1548554 1542458 2026-05-22T18:21:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cătălina Ciofu''' (alizaliwa 13 Septemba 1987) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] kupitia National Liberal Party (Romania)|Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kiliberali (PNL). Tangu mwaka 2020, amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gandul.ro/politica/alegeri-parlamentare-2020-psd-a-castigat-cu-37-din-voturi-in-judetul-bacau-cine-sunt-reprezentantii-in-parlament-19550628|title=Alegeri parlamentare 2020. PSD a câștigat cu 37% din voturi în județul Bacău|work=[[Gândul]]|date=7 Desemba 2020|language=ro}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=63&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1987||Ciofu, Catalina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rjedkcwd9jmv8mwn93dxf48t119tj72 0 234784 1548651 1542531 2026-05-22T21:42:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dumitrina Mitrea''' (alizaliwa 12 Oktoba 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] ambaye tangu mwaka 2020 amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu kupitia chama cha Alliance for the Union of Romanians(AU R). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=193&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971||Mitrea, Dumitrina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d6ypkwszb9zmp0hfanwik760cfrtvsf 0 234791 1548589 1542538 2026-05-22T19:36:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denisa-Elena Neagu''' (alizaliwa 16 Oktoba 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Save Romania Union (USR). Tangu mwaka 2020, amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu akiwakilisha mkoa wa [[Bucharest]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=206&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Neagu, Denisa-Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ba155kaa72oroom0hdjyq3vku6txk8s 0 234803 1548550 1542554 2026-05-22T18:04:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cristina-Mădălina Prună''' (alizaliwa 11 Desemba 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Save Romania Union]] (USR). alifanya kazi kama mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania Baraza la Manaibu, nafasi aliyoipata kwa mara ya kwanza katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2016 na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recorder.ro/portret-de-candidat-cristina-pruna/|title=Candidate portrait: Cristina Prună|work=Recorder|date=30 Aprili 2024|language=ro}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=245&leg=2020 Wasifu katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984||Pruna, Cristina-Madalina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7n8ugx38ni4jzddk4if0skf12xqisii 0 234805 1548876 1542557 2026-05-23T08:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hildegard Carola Puwak''' (16 Septemba 1949 – 25 Mei 2018) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] na mwanachama wa Social Democratic Party (Romania) Chama cha Kijamii cha Kidemokrasia (PSD). Alifanya kazi kama **Waziri wa Utangamano wa Ulaya** kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi Oktoba 2003 katika serikali ya [[Adrian Năstase]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=193&cam=2&leg=2000 Wasifu rasmi bungeni] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=193&cam=2&leg=2000 |date=20250123050231 }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|2018|Puwak, Hildegard Carola}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] ko79eeh8gg8vcc0n9db84rr44ywmwzb 0 234814 1548705 1542609 2026-05-23T01:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Stevany Rataba''' (amezaliwa 3 Septemba 1982) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Indonesia]] ambaye amekuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi (DPR) tangu mwaka 2019. Pia alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa (2019–2022) wa Chama cha Elimu ya Awali ya Mtoto na Elimu cha Indonesia (Himpaudi) katika Wilaya ya Toraja Kaskazini. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fraksi Nasdem - Detail Anggota |url=[https://fraksinasdem.org/anggota/eva-stevany-rataba](https://fraksinasdem.org/anggota/eva-stevany-rataba) |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Fraksi Nasdem |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] 5q76m1kaa0v61ld6x558nwszgohpbtr 0 234815 1548813 1542567 2026-05-23T05:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gianina Șerban''' (alizaliwa 15 Julai 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] ambaye tangu mwaka 2020 amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania) Baraza la Manaibu kupitia chama cha Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=275&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983||Serban, Gianina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ts8v8rcg3zn32t61selowgjwtvnprkx 0 234849 1548609 1542683 2026-05-22T20:15:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Stoica''' (alizaliwa 23 Februari 1991) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Save Romania Union]] (USR). Tangu mwaka 2020, amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu akiwakilisha jiji la [[Bucharest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ziare.com/alegeri/alegeri-parlamentare-2020/senatorii-si-deputatii-din-bucuresti-care-au-prins-loc-in-parlament-1649525|title=Lista integrala a viitorilor parlamentari de Bucuresti|work=Ziare.com|date=9 Desemba 2020|language=ro}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=281&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991||Stoica, Diana}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j9pgjxawpncl4xu5x20wfp23s4wgcqq 0 234851 1548547 1542686 2026-05-22T17:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Corina Șuteu''' ni mshauri wa kimataifa wa masuala ya utamaduni na mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]]. Alihudumu kama **Waziri wa Utamaduni** wa Romania kuanzia Mei 2016 hadi Januari 2017 katika serikali ya kiteknokrasia ya [[Dacian Cioloș]]. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Katibu wa Jimbo katika Wizara hiyo hiyo kuanzia Februari hadi Aprili 2016.<ref name="med">{{Cite web |title=Cine este Corina Şuteu |url=https://www.mediafax.ro/cultura-media/cine-este-corina-suteu-nominalizarea-lui-ciolos-pentru-functia-de-ministru-al-culturii-traseul-ei-cultural-de-la-manager-cultural-la-icr-new-york-la-scandalul-poneiului-roz-cu-zvastica-15280651 |website=Mediafax.ro |language=ro}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.corinasuteu.ro/ Tovuti rasmi ya Corina Șuteu]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Suteu, Corina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fpy9huy7e8xo4s1dx2dvf0218dwp6m0 0 234855 1548478 1542697 2026-05-22T15:58:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Thellmann''' (alizaliwa 20 Desemba 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] na mwanachama wa [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kiliberali]] (PNL). Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa Desemba 2020.<ref name="profile_chamber_of_deputies">{{Cite web|title=Christine Thellmann|url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=300&cam=2&leg=2020|website=Chamber of Deputies Profile|accessdate=2026-05-14|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304095047/http://cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=300&cam=2&leg=2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=300&leg=2020 Wasifu rasmi bungeni]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Thellmann, Christine}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ltafhn8zuupjnljjni31nhdzp0k7osb 0 234864 1548659 1542718 2026-05-22T22:44:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Gabriela Udrea''' (alizaliwa 26 Desemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Romania]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2016. Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wenye nguvu zaidi katika chama cha [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|Democratic Liberal Party]] (PDL) na baadaye [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=295&cam=2&leg=2012 Wasifu rasmi bungeni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.mp?idm=295&cam=2&leg=2012 |date=20250113182450 }} katika tovuti ya Baraza la Manaibu la Romania. {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Udrea, Elena Gabriela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 12y37m22x2445mb56c9fzf53mfqdni7 0 234878 1548619 1542757 2026-05-22T20:30:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Oktoba 1988) ni mchezaji mstaafu wa badminton kutoka [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=All-England: Chong Wei crushes Indonesia's Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka to enter semi-finals |url=[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/10/nation/20120310130431&sec=nation](http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/10/nation/20120310130431&sec=nation) |archive-url=[https://archive.today/20120715071701/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/10/nation/20120310130431&sec=nation](https://archive.today/20120715071701/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/10/nation/20120310130431&sec=nation) |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2012 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=30 May 2012 }}</ref> Alikuwa mtaalamu wa mchezo wa mmoja mmoja kwa wanaume kutoka klabu ya PB. Djarum, klabu ya badminton iliyopo Kudus, Java ya Kati, na alijiunga na klabu hiyo tangu mwaka 2005. Alistaafu mwaka 2018 kutokana na majeraha ya muda mrefu, na baadaye alianza kazi ya ukocha akiwa mkufunzi wa timu ya vijana ya PB Djarum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mimpi Baru Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka |url=[https://www.djarumbadminton.com/sirkuit-nasional/berita/read/djarum-sirnas-premier-jabar-2018-mimpi-baru-dionysius-hayom-rumbaka/](https://www.djarumbadminton.com/sirkuit-nasional/berita/read/djarum-sirnas-premier-jabar-2018-mimpi-baru-dionysius-hayom-rumbaka/) |access-date=22 October 2019 |website=djarumbadminton.com |date=7 May 2018 |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sx6sjykej55yldk7ifa7sho7qnqq0bv 0 234885 1548481 1542775 2026-05-22T16:06:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Benjamin Rungkat''' (amezaliwa 14 Januari 1990) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Indonesia]]. Mwaka 2008, alishinda taji la vijana la mashindano ya wawili wawili katika French Open 2008 pamoja na mchezaji wa Finland Henri Kontinen.<ref name="frenchies">(11 Juni 2008) [[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/11/french-open-glory-indonesian-junior-player.html](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/06/11/french-open-glory-indonesian-junior-player.html){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} French Open glory for Indonesian junior player], ''[[Jakarta Globe]]'', Retrieved 6 Novemba 2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] 9ll1zqly49xcjor25qf68sywlffiw49 0 235097 1548664 1543539 2026-05-22T23:18:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elliot Junior Anderson''' (alizaliwa 6 Novemba 2002) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] anayocheza kama kiungo katika klabu ya Nottingham Forest pamoja na timu ya taifa ya England. == Maisha ya awali == Anderson anatokea Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear. Alisoma katika shule za Valley Gardens Middle School na Whitley Bay High School. Babu yake upande wa mama, Geoff Allen, alikuwa akicheza kama mshambuliaji wa pembeni wa kushoto katika klabu ya Newcastle United kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi 1968.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anderson-wants-to-keep-following-in-grandfathers-footsteps-after-signing-new-contract|title=Anderson](https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anderson-wants-to-keep-following-in-grandfathers-footsteps-after-signing-new-contract|title=Anderson) wants to keep following in grandfather's footsteps after signing new contract|publisher=Newcastle United F.C.|first=Dan|last=King|date=6 November 2020|accessdate=21 March 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f1mrfoh05ga15vo5257f36jkpm9guxm 0 235151 1548803 1543272 2026-05-23T04:26:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gary Richard Bailey''' (amezaliwa 9 Agosti 1958) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu ambaye alicheza karibu mechi 300 katika the Football League kama golikipa wa Manchester United. Alizaliwa Ipswich, Suffolk, lakini alikulia Afrika Kusini, na baadaye aliichezea timu ya taifa ya England (England) mara mbili.<ref name=NB>{{cite web |url=[http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/garybailey.html](http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/garybailey.html) |title=Gary Bailey |work=UK A–Z Transfers |publisher=Neil Brown |access-date=25 Januari 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Englandstats|ref=y|access-date=25 Januari 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] 2vk2bv0zebgb9cfyjj3jn0fg3deijyk 0 235160 1548824 1543285 2026-05-23T05:58:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gordon Banks''' (30 Desemba 1937 – 12 Februari 2019) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[Goalkeeper (association football)|mlinzi wa lango]]. Anachukuliwa kwa upana kuwa mmoja wa makipa bora zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/gordon-banks/](https://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/gordon-banks/) |access-date=15 Mei 2022 |title=Gordon Banks |4=National Football Museum Hall of Fame profile }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika maisha yake ya soka ya miaka 20 ya kulipwa, alicheza mechi 679 na aliichezea timu ya taifa ya England mara 73. Miongoni mwa mafanikio yake makubwa ni kuwa kipa wa kikosi cha England kilichoshinda Kombe la Dunia la mwaka 1966, ambapo alianza katika kila mechi ya mashindano hayo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1937|2019}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] t26blvv066ljovmuhi1utst4gw7lakt 0 235165 1548784 1543291 2026-05-23T03:51:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria de Fátima Bezerra''' (alizaliwa 19 Mei 1955) ni mwalimu na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] ambaye anafanya kazi kama Gavana wa jimbo la [[Rio Grande do Norte]] tangu Januari 2019. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] (PT).<ref name="senatebio">{{cite web|title=Senadora Fátima Bezerra |url=http://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/3713|work=Federal Senate|accessdate=8 Agosti 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.rn.gov.br/ Wasifu rasmi katika tovuti ya Serikali ya Rio Grande do Norte] {{Wayback|url=https://www.rn.gov.br/ |date=20260130104909 }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955||Bezerra, Fatima}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hvnoek0wi7wts9begfd2muoxjp71qty 0 235265 1548653 1543446 2026-05-22T21:57:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earl Delisser Barrett''' (amezaliwa 28 Aprili 1967) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki. Alicheza katika Premier League kwa vilabu vya Oldham Athletic, Aston Villa, Everton na Sheffield Wednesday, na pia katika Football League kwa vilabu vya Chester City na Sheffield United.<ref name=NB>{{cite web |url=[http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/earlbarrett.html](http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/earlbarrett.html) |title=Earl Barrett |work=UK A–Z Transfers |publisher=Neil Brown |access-date=24 Januari 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] dsb4zhkaa02o7hdv2e9hxd9dfe7nrkt 0 235290 1548903 1543485 2026-05-23T09:32:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim Kassas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Tunisia]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama 217 wa Tunisian Constituent Assembly.<ref>{{Citation|title=Tunisie - Le bureau exécutif d-Al Aridha implose|url=https://www.businessnews.com.tn/Tunisie---Le-bureau-ex%C3%A9cutif-d%E2%80%99Al-Aridha-implose,520,32448,3|work=www.businessnews.com.tn|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-15|archive-date=2024-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224120043/https://www.businessnews.com.tn/Tunisie---Le-bureau-ex%C3%A9cutif-d%E2%80%99Al-Aridha-implose%2C520%2C32448%2C3|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2niyl85modtyzlw1h2dxhhghduunozh 0 235306 1548540 1543508 2026-05-22T17:34:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clifford Sydney Bastin''' (14 Machi 1912 – 4 Desemba 1991) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka ''[[Uingereza]]'' (soka) aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga kwa vilabu vya Exeter City na [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Pia aliichezea timu ya taifa ya England (England). Bastin anashika nafasi ya tatu kama mfungaji bora wa muda wote katika historia ya Arsenal.<ref name=Bio>{{cite web|url=[https://www.arsenal.com/historic/players/cliff-bastin|title=Cliff](https://www.arsenal.com/historic/players/cliff-bastin|title=Cliff) Bastin |website=Arsenal.com|date=13 Julai 2023 }}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Exeter City === Alizaliwa [[Exeter]], Bastin alianza maisha yake ya soka akiwa na Exeter City, akicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya timu ya wakubwa mwaka 1928 akiwa na umri wa miaka 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.arsenalarsenal.co.uk/Bastin.htm](https://www.arsenalarsenal.co.uk/Bastin.htm) |title=Cliff Bastin (Arsenal F.C. 1929-46) |last1=Green |first1=Chris |last2=Dawes |first2=Brian |date=2000 |website=Arsenal Arsenal.co.uk |access-date=8 Agosti 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] e2ieihm8y31lt4e93wbnt74aojkot0b 0 235318 1549041 1543522 2026-05-23T11:56:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Edward James Matthias Bayliss''' (1 Agosti 1863 – 19 Agosti 1933), anayejulikana kama '''Jem Bayliss''', alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] (soka) ambaye alichezea West Bromwich Albion pamoja na timu ya taifa ya England (England). Alikuwa nahodha wa kikosi cha West Bromwich Albion kilichoshinda 1888 FA Cup Final.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1991343.stm|title=Albion](https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1991343.stm|title=Albion) bid to net golden ball|access-date=5 Mei 2008|date=16 Mei 2002|publisher=BBC}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1863|1933}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] lkxoz6uieu61jqk1a3kyim5npi7ewub 0 235331 1548789 1543616 2026-05-23T04:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriela Cristina Gonçalves da Silva Cordeiro''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Gabi Gonçalves''' (alizaliwa 17 Novemba 1999), ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]]. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo (state deputy) kwa ajili ya jimbo la [[Alagoas]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Eleições 2022: Gabi Goncalves |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/eleicoes/candidatos/2022/al/deputado-estadual/gabi-goncalves-20001636056.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.al.al.leg.br/deputados/gabi-goncalves Wasifu rasmi katika Bunge la Jimbo la Alagoas]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1999||Goncalves, Gabi}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 31d4voz0pg3e9aa6hjfzmshcvoit6si 0 235420 1548676 1543788 2026-05-23T00:23:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erika Santos Silva''', anajulikana kama '''Erika Hilton''' (alizaliwa 9 Desemba 1992), ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za watu weusi na kundi la [[LGBT]]. Mnamo mwaka 2022, aliweka historia kwa kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza mwanamke trans (transgender) kuingia katika [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Baraza la Manaibu]] la Brazil.<ref name="time-13oct2021">{{cite magazine |last1=Nugent |first1=Ciara |title=This Trans Politician Is Fighting for Change in Brazil |url=https://time.com/6103211/erika-hilton-next-generation-leaders/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=13 Oktoba 2021 |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022212241/https://time.com/6103211/erika-hilton-next-generation-leaders/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/220551 Wasifu rasmi katika Baraza la Manaibu la Brazil] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992||Hilton, Erika}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bx5k61mws4wd1xwagullm9mahx5twmi 0 235426 1548849 1543806 2026-05-23T07:14:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Betmead''' (11 Aprili 1912 – 26 Agosti 1984) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Uingereza (soka) ambaye aliichezea Grimsby Town pamoja na timu ya taifa ya [[Uingereza]] (England). Pia alicheza mchezo wa kriketi kwa Lincolnshire.<ref name="official">{{cite web|url=[http://www.grimsby-townfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10417~1073423,00.html|title=Grimsby](http://www.grimsby-townfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10417~1073423,00.html|title=Grimsby) Town F.C. - Legends|work=Grimsby Town F.C. official site|accessdate=10 Mei 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081225232534/http://www.grimsby-townfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10417~1073423,00.html|archive-date=25](https://web.archive.org/web/20081225232534/http://www.grimsby-townfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10417~1073423,00.html|archive-date=25) Desemba 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/107/107872/107872.html](https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/107/107872/107872.html){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Cricket archive]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|1984}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] nlwwwdjbxa5lrpsju96czva447kpf7l 0 235435 1548409 1543819 2026-05-22T14:36:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celina Leão Hizim Ferreira''' (alizaliwa 2 Machi 1977) ni msimamizi wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] aliungana na chama cha [[Progressistas]] (PP).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menezes |first=Delmo |date=2016-02-22 |title=Agora é oficial: Celina Leão filia-se hoje ao PPS |url=https://agendacapital.com.br/agora-e-oficial-celina-leao-filia-se-hoje-ao-pps/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Agenda Capital |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Kwa sasa anafanya kama Gavana wa Wilaya ya Shirikisho ([[Federal District (Brazil)|Distrito Federal]]), akichukua nafasi ya [[Ibaneis Rocha]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.gdf.df.gov.br/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Serikali ya Wilaya ya Shirikisho]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1977||Leao, Celina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] acfwfewaoj3utl27vm1eck50j5tm9tl 0 235438 1548299 1543822 2026-05-22T12:12:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Betts''' (26 Machi 1864 – 8 Agosti 1941) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] (soka) ambaye aliichezea The Wednesday, pamoja na timu ya taifa ya England (England). Betts alicheza katika nafasi ya centre-half na alicheza jumla ya mechi 143 katika vipindi viwili tofauti akiwa na The Wednesday, akifunga mabao manne.<ref name="Wednesday Boys">{{cite book |last=Dickinson |first=Jason |last2=Brodie|first2= John |title=The Wednesday Boys: A Definitive Who's Who of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club 1880–2005 |publisher=Pickard Communication |location=Sheffield |year=2005 |pages=23–24 |isbn= 0-9547264-9-9}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{Englandstats}} * [[http://www.thefa.com/england/seniorteam/archive/?i=7082&pf=p&searchname=Betts&ap=p](http://www.thefa.com/england/seniorteam/archive/?i=7082&pf=p&searchname=Betts&ap=p) Wasifu wa mchezaji katika FA.com] * [[http://www.adrianbullock.com/swfc/stats/play0038.htm](http://www.adrianbullock.com/swfc/stats/play0038.htm){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Wasifu wa mchezaji katika Sheffield Wednesday Archive] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1941}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] 3s62yxgimww5yp2vfvn15noy53qy7s2 0 235475 1548626 1543960 2026-05-22T20:46:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diverson Mlozi''' (alizaliwa 13 Septemba 1989) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Malawi]] anayekichezea klabu ya Big Bullets FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Malawi. == Kazi ya klabu == Mlozi alianza [[soka]] la kulipwa mwaka 2008 akiwa na Big Bullets FC, klabu ambayo bado anaichezea hadi sasa. Mwaka huo huo wa mwanzo wake, alifanikiwa kuwa mfungaji bora wa ligi kwa kufunga mabao 14. Mwaka 2012 alishinda Carlsberg Charity Cup pamoja na Presidential Cup akiwa na Big Bullets. Mnamo Septemba 2014<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Diverson Mlozi sign for Swazi club - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/diverson-mlozi-sign-for-swazi-club/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2014-09-23|accessdate=2026-05-15|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> alijiunga na klabu ya Malanti Chiefs, kabla ya kurejea Big Bullets<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=One moment, please...|url=https://times.mw/george-nyirenda-diverson-mlozi-return-to-big-bullets/|work=times.mw|accessdate=2026-05-15|language=en|archive-date=2024-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625030510/https://times.mw/george-nyirenda-diverson-mlozi-return-to-big-bullets/|url-status=dead}}</ref> mwaka 2016 ambapo ameendelea kucheza hadi sasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] sbyeosl3gki8f9vz02gwf33kyt8ik77 0 235477 1548456 1543894 2026-05-22T15:20:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chikondi Mpulula''' (alizaliwa 1993 nchini Malawi) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu anayekichezea [[klabu]] ya Blue Eagles FC ya Lilongwe katika Ligi Kuu ya Malawi. == Kazi == Mpulula alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa baada ya kuwa mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Malawi msimu wa 2010/11 akiwa na mabao 18. Uchezaji wake mzuri ulimfanya apate nafasi za majaribio katika klabu ya Bloemfontein Celtic ya [[Afrika]] Kusini na Kelantan FA ya Malaysia. Katika mchezo wa kirafiki akiwa na kikosi cha majaribio cha Kelantan, alifunga bao mapema sana—sekunde ya 26—lakini timu yake ilipoteza 3–1 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://kelantanfa.com/songkhla-tewaskan-kelantan/|work=kelantanfa.com|accessdate=2026-05-15|archive-date=2011-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017062423/http://kelantanfa.com/songkhla-tewaskan-kelantan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>dhidi ya Songkhla FC. Kabla ya kujiunga na Blue Eagles, Mpulula aliwahi kuchezea Blantyre United.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chikondi Mpulula can overtake Luka|url=http://www.bnltimes.com/sports/46-all/235-chikondi-mpulula-can-overtake-luka.html|work=www.bnltimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-15|language=en-gb|author=Sam Banda Jnr|archive-date=2011-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181504/http://www.bnltimes.com/sports/46-all/235-chikondi-mpulula-can-overtake-luka.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] 4jfkgd27llababh7rwi3zakso1meklj 0 235826 1548882 1544729 2026-05-23T08:42:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hisham Chkiouat''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Libya]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Usafiri wa Anga katika [[Serikali]] ya Utulivu wa Kitaifa tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya floods: Entire neighbourhoods dragged into the sea|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66785466|work=www.bbc.com|date=2023-09-12|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya floods: Derna City Looks Like Tsunami Hit It – Voice of Nigeria|url=https://von.gov.ng/libya-floods-derna-city-looks-like-tsunami-hit-it/|work=von.gov.ng|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=en-US|author=Jide Ibitoye|archive-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124032944/https://von.gov.ng/libya-floods-derna-city-looks-like-tsunami-hit-it/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Malawi]] 2zb7uq30qcg5fb8drtdsfiy0nefu8w3 0 236229 1548561 1545440 2026-05-22T18:44:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Jay Klionsky''' (alizaliwa [[1958]]) ni [[mwanabiolojia]] wa viumbe hai na [[mwanakemia]] wa molekuli nchini [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni Profesa Alexander G. Ruthven wa Sayansi ya Maisha na profesa wa biolojia ya molekuli, seli na maendeleo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan. Kama mwanabiolojia wa seli, Klionsky alianzisha uelewa wa autophagy, mchakato ambao seli huvunjika ili kuishi katika hali za dhiki kama njaa, na jukumu la autophagy katika saratani, magonjwa ya mfumo wa neva, na maeneo mengine ya afya ya binadamu.<ref name="x">{{cite web |title=Daniel Klionsky J. |url=https://usern.tums.ac.ir/User/CV/Daniel_Klionsky |website=usern.tums.ac.ir |access-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-date=2021-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510195346/https://usern.tums.ac.ir/User/CV/Daniel_Klionsky |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bio">{{cite journal |title=Daniel Klionsky: A full plate for autophagy |date=2010|pmc=2854386 |last1=Short |first1=B. |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=189 |issue=1 |pages=8–9 |doi=10.1083/jcb.1891pi |pmid=20368614 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ir5n1g1ubt7au5f5wjc4uqtiiwbonmm 0 236348 1548842 1546096 2026-05-23T06:49:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548842 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Silinda ya Koreshi ni tangazo la mfalme wa Uajemi [[Koreshi Mkuu]], aliyetawala sehemu kubwa ya Mashariki ya Kati. Utetezi wake wa uhuru wa kidini katika Milki yote ya Achaemenid umedaiwa kuwa tamko la kwanza la haki za binadamu. ]] '''Haki za binadamu Mashariki ya Kati''' zimeundwa na maendeleo ya kisheria na kisiasa ya sheria ya kimataifa ya [[haki za binadamu]] baada ya [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], na matumizi yake katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Kibinadamu ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Rejea tovuti|year=2004|title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World|url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-14|accessdate=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ilidai kwamba ingawa mila ya Kiarabu-Kiislamu ina umuhimu wa kipekee kwa mawazo ya ustawi wa binadamu, historia imethibitisha kwamba "hazikuwa zimeenea vya kutosha katika jamii kukuza utamaduni unaotegemea mkataba wa kisiasa na kuruhusu uhalali wa tofauti za maoni, mazungumzo na uhamishaji wa madaraka." <ref name="undp.org" /> Masuala ya uhalali wa demokrasia katika eneo hilo na haki za binadamu ndiyo kiini cha changamoto zinazokabili jamii hiyo ya Mashariki ya kati hadi leo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/|title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict|work=www.e-ir.info|date=30 March 2011|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> ==Mfumo wa kisheria== Mnamo 1948, Misri, Iran na Pakistan zilisaini Azimio la Haki za Binadamu (UDHR). Saudi Arabia haikufanya hivyo, ikisema kwamba "ilishindwa kuzingatia muktadha wa kitamaduni na kidini wa nchi zisizo za Magharibi."<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration - Middle East Centre|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/|work=Middle East Centre -|date=2012-12-10|accessdate=2026-05-18|author=Dania Akkad}}</ref> Azimio la Kairo la Haki za Binadamu katika Uislamu lilipitishwa na nchi wanachama 45 wa Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiislamu (OIC) mnamo Agosti 1990. Tamko hili linadhoofisha haki nyingi ambazo UDHR inahakikisha zinazoruhusu nchi zote wanachama kufuata seti ya haki za binadamu kulingana na sheria ya Shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa mfano, Kifungu cha 18 cha UDHR kinaweka kwamba kila mtu ana "haki ya uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa kubadilisha dini yake na uhuru wa kudhihirisha dini yake katika kufundisha, kutenda, kuabudu na kufuata." Kifungu cha 10 cha CDHRI kinaeleza kwamba "Ni marufuku kumlazimisha mtu kwa aina yoyote au kutumia umaskini wake au ujinga wake ili kumgeuza kuwa dini nyingine au kutoamini Mungu."<ref>http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The organization of Islamic Confernce|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|work=www.oic-oci.org|accessdate=2026-05-18|archive-date=2006-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014100154/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamati ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kiarabu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue|url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and|work=International Federation for Human Rights|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=en}}</ref> ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2009 ili kusimamia uzingatiaji wa Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Kibinadamu, ambao ulianza kutumika Machi 2017. Kuanzia mwanzoni mwa Oktoba 2009, mataifa kumi ya Kiarabu yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu kuhusu Haki za Binadamu. Hizi ni: Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Palestina, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Falme za Kiarabu, Kufikia Februari 2012, Mataifa mengine manne yaliidhinisha Mkataba wa Kiarabu. Hizi zilikuwa: Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sudan. Hati hii huunda mchakato ambapo kamati hupokea na kupitia ripoti za serikali na kutoa mapendekezo inavyofaa. Hati hii haitoi utaratibu wa malalamiko. Kamati hiyo imekuwa na vikao vitatu ambapo imekuwa ikizingatia "mambo ya kiutaratibu ya kupanga kazi yake" ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 4aow7kkcjdypeog6uj3zswjwlmgexd3 0 236476 1548480 1547897 2026-05-22T16:02:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deaths in month lead}} ==Januari 2026== ===1=== *[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref> *[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref> *[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref> *[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref> *[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref> *[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref> *[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref> *[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{in lang|he}}</ref> *[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref> *[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz] Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref> *[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref> *[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref> *[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref> *[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref> *[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref> *[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref> *[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref> *[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref> *[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref> *[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref> *[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref> *[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref> *[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref> *[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref> *[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref> *[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝！享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref> *[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |title=Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87 |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411140316/https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>[https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away]</ref> *[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref> *[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref> *[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref> *[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref> *[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref> *[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref> *[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref> *[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref> *[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref> *[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref> *[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref> *[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref> *[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref> *[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref> *[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref> *[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>[https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat]</ref> *[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref> *[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref> *[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref> *[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref> *[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref> *[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref> *[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref> *[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref> *[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref> *[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref> *[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref> *[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونه‌سازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref> *[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref> *[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref> *[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref> *[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref> *[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref> *[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref> *[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa. *[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref> *[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref> *[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref> *[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref> *[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref> *[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世，享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref> *[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref> *[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref> *[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref> *[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref> *[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref> *[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref> *[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref> *[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref> *[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref> *[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref> *[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref> *[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref> *[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref> *[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref> *[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref> *[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref> *[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref> *[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref> *[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}} *[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> *[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref> *[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref> *[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref> *[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref> *[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref> *[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref> *[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref> *[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref> *[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref> *[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref> *[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref> *[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref> *[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世，享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref> *[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>[https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam Andrew Carter - In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref> *[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref> *[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref> *[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref> *[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref> *[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref> *[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref> *[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref> *[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref> ===6=== *[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref> *[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref> *[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref> *[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref> *[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref> *[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref> *[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref> *[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref> *[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref> *[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref> *[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref> *[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20260109123121/https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden |date=2026-01-09 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] 252oklc20kf68vlfhepjlnjm51huy6f 0 236515 1548733 1546228 2026-05-23T02:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Festus Mbandeka''' ni mwanasheria na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Namibia katika baraza la mawaziri la kipindi cha pili cha Hage Geingob tarehe 21 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Central bank Governor appointed finance minister - Informanté|url=https://informante.web.na/central-bank-governor-appointed-finance-minister/|work=informante.web.na|accessdate=2026-05-19|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2020-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805101154/https://informante.web.na/central-bank-governor-appointed-finance-minister/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a5zow0x6wplvkaa2u5qgnov0ev3j0t0 0 236642 1548300 1546226 2026-05-22T12:12:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Werner Mwaningange''' (amezaliwa 25 Novemba 1945) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] ambaye amehudumu katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Namibia kama Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi tangu mwaka 2015. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha SWAPO na alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2009. Pia aliwahi kuwa Gavana wa Mkoa wa Ohangwena, na tangu mwaka 2008 amekuwa mwanachama wa Kamati Kuu ya SWAPO.<ref>{{Citation|title=Namibians honoured by President|date=2014-08-28|url=https://www.newera.com.na/2014/08/28/namibians-honoured-by-president/|work=New Era Newspaper Namibia|language=en-ZA|access-date=2026-05-19|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629064451/https://www.newera.com.na/2014/08/28/namibians-honoured-by-president/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pg3hotars6if3nqyariv3m3l45jp01r 0 236665 1548840 1546438 2026-05-23T06:46:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hafeni Ludwig Ndemula''' (amezaliwa 10 Oktoba 1962 huko Walvis Bay) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na kiongozi wa vyama vya wafanyakazi nchini [[Namibia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa SWAPO na alipata umaarufu kupitia National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW) kabla ya uhuru wa Namibia. Akiwa diwani wa Jimbo la Walvis Bay Urban, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Taifa (National Council) mwaka 2001 kabla ya kuchaguliwa rasmi na akachaguliwa tena mwaka 2004. Pia alichaguliwa tena kama diwani wa jimbo katika uchaguzi wa mikoa wa 2010 na 2015.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/223442/Regional+Counils+Election+Results_Duly+elected+candidates+2015.pdf/32493774-80b3-4be3-9ca1-1f6ce187673a?version=1.0|work=www.ecn.na|accessdate=2026-05-19|archive-date=2015-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163948/http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/223442/Regional+Counils+Election+Results_Duly+elected+candidates+2015.pdf/32493774-80b3-4be3-9ca1-1f6ce187673a?version=1.0|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r6w2ac0zy5u493pe17uohv8c476laww 0 236683 1548844 1546382 2026-05-23T06:57:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamdou Mohamed Elhouni''' (Kiarabu: حمدو محمد الهوني; alizaliwa 2 Februari 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya winga wa kushoto katika klabu ya Wydad AC ya ligi ya Botola pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Hapo awali amechezea klabu za [[ligi]] kuu ya Ureno zikiwemo Victória Setúbal,<ref>{{Citation|title=Elhouni e Al-Gadi já treinaram no Bonfim|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--setubal/detalhe/elhouni-e-al-gadi-ja-treinaram-no-bonfim-963749.html|language=pt-PT|access-date=2026-05-19|archive-date=2016-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911025711/http://www.record.xl.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-nos/v--setubal/detalhe/elhouni-e-al-gadi-ja-treinaram-no-bonfim-963749.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santa Clara, Benfica, Chaves, na Desportivo das Aves, pamoja na klabu ya Espérance de Tunis ya Tunisia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cf073ckcyqdpehr3miehgohf9zsg8ur 0 236769 1548740 1546863 2026-05-23T02:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fleur Adcock''' (10 Februari 1934 – 10 Oktoba 2024) alikuwa mshairi, mhariri, na mtafsiri kutoka nchi ya [[New Zealand]]. Alizaliwa mjini [[Papakura]], New Zealand, na kulelewa kwa kiasi fulani nchini Uingereza. Adcock alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya utu uzima nchini Uingereza (United Kingdom), ambapo alikuwa mtu mashuhuri katika ushairi wa kisasa.<ref name="Cooney">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Cooney|first=Meghan|title=Adcock, Fleur – Postcolonial Studies|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/01/adcock-fleur/|date=2014|website=Postcolonial Studies @ Emory 3.0|language=en-US|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=2026-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122173823/https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/01/adcock-fleur/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kazi zake zinasifika kwa ucheshi, mtindo wa mazungumzo, na uchambuzi wa kisaikolojia, huku zikichunguza mada za utambulisho, maeneo, na ugumu wa mahusiano ya kibinadamu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2024}} [[Jamii:Watu wa New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa New Zealand]] 7vg07p9dv0yorot8tkbvfgssho8mnbd 0 236781 1548427 1546575 2026-05-22T14:58:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlotte Lillian''' "'''Bob'''" '''Lawlor''' (3 Oktoba 1878 – 2 Julai 1941) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, na mbunifu wa matangazo ya biashara kutoka nchi ya [[New Zealand]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://thetreasury.org.nz/Lawlor/Lawlor.htm |title=Charlotte Lilian Lawlor |website=The Treasury Journal |access-date=2020-02-01 |archive-date=2020-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129005144/https://thetreasury.org.nz/Lawlor/Lawlor.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alibuni mhusika wa katuni aliyejulikana kama "Sergeant Dan" (Sajenti Dan) mnamo mwaka 1915 ili kusaidia mauzo ya Creamoata, ambayo ilikuwa bidhaa ya nafaka ya kiamsha kinywa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://nzmuseums.co.nz/collections/3043/objects/928030/booklet-the-story-of-sergeant-dan-in-copyright|title=Booklet, 'The Story of Sergeant Dan' [In Copyright]; Whitcombe & Tombs Limited; ... on NZ Museums|website=eHive|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> [[Picha:Fleming’s Creamoata, 1933 (6297438278).jpg|thumb|Sajenti Dan akitangaza bidhaa ya Creamoata ya Fleming, mwaka 1933]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1941}} [[Jamii:Watu wa New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa New Zealand]] 88g3i1h5zfwxw0sply3tm51r2lnsfxj 0 236782 1548662 1546854 2026-05-22T23:04:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Nannestad''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1956 mjini [[Browns Bay, Auckland]]) ni mshairi kutoka nchi ya [[New Zealand]]. == Maisha == Alisomea udaktari katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Otago]] (Otago University) na amewahi kufanya kazi kama daktari na daktari wa magonjwa ya akili ya kimahakama (forensic psychiatrist). Anaishi na kufanya kazi mjini Auckland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/nannestadelizabeth.html|title=&#124; Read NZ|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2012-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220163432/http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/nannestadelizabeth.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1956||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa New Zealand]] lgq31ct31eg9z1gosse7fdrq4h3agjh 0 236939 1548767 1546864 2026-05-23T03:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frans Kapofi''' (amezaliwa 25 Januari 1953 huko Onaame, Mkoa wa Ohangwena) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] ambaye tangu mwaka 1999 amehudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali ndani ya Baraza la Mawaziri la Namibia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Minister of Presidential Affairs - GRN Portal|url=http://www.op.gov.na/office-of-the-minister-of-presidential-affairs|work=www.op.gov.na|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062933/http://www.op.gov.na/office-of-the-minister-of-presidential-affairs|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 5q9vzlsfz8n9up7t54u2ef8taskfyyl 0 236956 1548981 1546912 2026-05-23T10:36:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itah Kandji-Murangi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Namibia. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu, Mafunzo na Ubunifu wa [[Namibia]] kuanzia 21 Machi 2015 hadi 21 Machi 2025.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nust turn of events disappoints Professor Katjavivi - New Era Live|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/nust-turn-of-events-disappoints-professor-katjavivi|work=neweralive.na|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-ZA|author=New Era Reporter|archive-date=2019-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014090901/https://neweralive.na/posts/nust-turn-of-events-disappoints-professor-katjavivi|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 4xleo71x8q4tf0anf6n7l7u59uzgeel 0 236972 1548655 1547407 2026-05-22T22:13:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edson Isaacks''' (amezaliwa 10 Julai 1973) ni mwalimu, mkulima na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Tangu Machi 2020, amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia. Pia ni Katibu Mtendaji (operative secretary) wa chama cha Landless People’s Movement (LPM).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New Parliamentarians sworn in - Informanté|url=https://informante.web.na/new-parliamentarians-sworn-in/|work=informante.web.na|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2020-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715091252/https://informante.web.na/new-parliamentarians-sworn-in/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] gzn2rpdtp6cny1sdt4945ut5fa0g779 0 237033 1548672 1547376 2026-05-23T00:14:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erginus Endjala''' (amezaliwa 25 Machi 1969 huko Ouhwaala, Mkoa wa Omusati) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Alihudumu kama Gavana wa Mkoa wa Omusati kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 30 Juni 2025.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ABOUT US - Omusatirc - Portal Ariel|url=https://omusatirc.gov.na/about-us|work=Omusatirc|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 2soghy7t5l41mm9tzyaaqeku95mkhue 0 237044 1549001 1547369 2026-05-23T11:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan de Wet ('''10 Novemba 1927 – 13 Februari 2011), anayejulikana pia kama Jannie de Wet, alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini–Namibia na mkulima wa mifugo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Altpolitiker Jan de Wet gestorben|url=http://www.az.com.na/lokales/altpolitiker-jan-de-wet-gestorben.121839.php|work=www.az.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en|archive-date=2011-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302173945/http://www.az.com.na/lokales/altpolitiker-jan-de-wet-gestorben.121839.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 4efttqvuyj7a71lwxotnxqcn1278cgi 0 237079 1548870 1547345 2026-05-23T07:58:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hermanus Christoffel Beukes''' (20 Juni [[1913]] – 22 Julai [[2004]]), anayejulikana pia kama “Oom Maans Beukes,” alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[Namibia]] mwenye asili ya Coloured. Alizaliwa Rehoboth wakati wa German South-West Africa na alifariki pia Rehoboth, Namibia. Beukes alijulikana kwa kuwasilisha maombi mara kwa mara katika Umoja wa Mataifa kupinga hatua za Afrika Kusini za ubaguzi wa rangi (Apartheid) wakati Namibia ilikuwa chini ya utawala wake kwa mujibu wa mamlaka ya kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hermanus Beukes: fearless politician to be laid to rest|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/July/national/04588E67CA.html|work=www.namibian.com.na|accessdate=2026-05-20|author=The Namibian Newspaper|archive-date=2006-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103195908/http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/July/national/04588E67CA.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1913]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] 0takuv3cyx9rtkm3r8bwjdxe5ynnc2r 0 237128 1548489 1547436 2026-05-22T16:16:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willem Appollus''' (amezaliwa 23 Septemba 1946 huko Keetmanshoop, Mkoa wa ǁKaras) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=404 Error - Namibia Institute for Democracy|url=https://www.nid.org.na/404-error|work=www.nid.org.na|accessdate=2026-05-21}}</ref> Alijiunga na chama cha SWAPO mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980 na alikuwa mmoja wa wawakilishi wawili wa Mkoa wa ǁKaras katika Baraza la Taifa la Namibia kuanzia 2004 hadi 2010. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] qhlwvu7yikkj4c08kwqj6tol7od3itv 0 237178 1548495 1547499 2026-05-22T16:20:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yasmin Haque''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Haque alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangshad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1955||Haque, Yasmin}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] giibsr95yhjeht82pxnjezyfzvgak2c 0 237301 1548771 1547847 2026-05-23T03:23:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''François Albert Amichia''' (amezaliwa 4 Oktoba 1952 huko Abidjan) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=City Diplomacy - François Albert Amichia -|url=http://www.citydiplomacy.org/speakers/francois-;albert-amichia.html?L=0&cHash=cec725ba0f|work=www.citydiplomacy.org|accessdate=2026-05-21|author=Redkiwi.nl|archive-date=2012-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229120854/http://www.citydiplomacy.org/speakers/francois-;albert-amichia.html?L=0&cHash=cec725ba0f|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa meya wa Treichville na pia kushika nyadhifa za Waziri wa Michezo na Waziri wa Utalii. Tangu mwaka 2018, amekuwa Waziri wa Miji na Maendeleo ya Mijini. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] r1tyhlcw22fdadxin0p7fu4or8pm501 0 237304 1548497 1547702 2026-05-22T16:22:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Youssouf Bakayoko''' (19 Aprili 1943 – 30 Septemba 2023) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na [[balozi]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Youssouf Bakayoko - Jeune Afrique.com : suivez toute l'actualité sur JeuneAfrique.com|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/personnalites/youssouf-bakayoko/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Alihudumu katika serikali kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia Januari 2006 hadi Machi 2010. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] 2zxr7z127q8qgiv809qizmonxam5tfs 0 237319 1548661 1547835 2026-05-22T22:48:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliane Ekra''' alihudumu kama Mkuu katika Wizara ya Afya na Udhibiti wa UKIMWI ya Jamhuri ya Côte d’Ivoire kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=AIP/ La Côte d’Ivoire aux commandes du Groupe de travail régional sur la couverture du risque maladie – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse de Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://www.aip.ci/aip-la-cote-divoire-aux-commandes-du-groupe-de-travail-regional-sur-la-couverture-du-risque-maladie/|work=www.aip.ci|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412053610/https://www.aip.ci/aip-la-cote-divoire-aux-commandes-du-groupe-de-travail-regional-sur-la-couverture-du-risque-maladie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a7l7hi5y5zoequ6ws4bxi91za2xeesu 0 237322 1548506 1547809 2026-05-22T16:27:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Étienne Djaument''' (11 Novemba 1911 – 15 Januari 1989) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DJAUMENT Etienne|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/djaument_etienne0088r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-21|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Alizaliwa mwaka 1911 na alifariki mwaka 1989. Mwaka 1947 alichaguliwa kuwa seneta katika Seneti ya Ufaransa (French Senate). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Cote d'Ivoire]] mlfmo2ao62518sweyzjclloue8vwl9c 0 237327 1548470 1547804 2026-05-22T15:42:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548470 wikitext text/x-wiki Théodore Mel Eg (10 Julai 1952 – 11 Julai 2019) alikuwa mwanasiasa kutoka Côte d’Ivoire. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni na Francophonie.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mel Eg Théodore décède le lendemain de son anniversaire {{!}} Afrique sur 7|url=https://www.afrique-sur7.fr/429014-mel-eg-theodore-decede-anniversaire|work=www.afrique-sur7.fr|date=2019-07-11|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Cote d'Ivoire]] achr7rlmv1g7xh88gzetjemg2pdjod4 14 237335 1548313 1547779 2026-05-22T12:35:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Editathons swwiki]] t301qevlumgttmrfepa2pay44whxwci 0 237336 1548502 1547781 2026-05-22T16:24:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeenat Mosharraf''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha Jatiya Party (Ershad) na alikuwa mbunge wa [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (Bunge la Bangladesh) kupitia kiti maalum cha wanawake namba 29.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-7th-parliament-members-bangla|title=List of 7th Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament|access-date=2019-07-23}}</ref> == Kazi == Mosharraf na mume wake walikamatwa mnamo mwaka 1990 na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 120 jela chini ya Sheria ya Mamlaka Maalum (Special Powers Act) baada ya kuanguka kwa serikali ya Hussain Mohammad Ershad. Baadaye, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake mnamo mwaka 1996 kama mgombea wa chama cha Jatiya Party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh-Politics: Love Affair Could Cost Ershad His Party|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/1997/04/bangladesh-politics-love-affair-could-cost-ershad-his-party/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=ipsnews.net}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Mosharraf, Zeenat}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] kxpvslxt63ufsvyscdrxf74ol4iroc6 0 237346 1548320 1548251 2026-05-22T12:45:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mark Miller (Mpiganaji wa kickboxing)]] hadi [[Mark Miller (mpiganaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Jason Miller'''<ref>[[http://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2000_Results/08-05-00KB.pdf](http://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2000_Results/08-05-00KB.pdf) NSAC report of K-1 USA Championships 2000] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140303170921/http://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2000_Results/08-05-00KB.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20140303170921/http://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2000_Results/08-05-00KB.pdf) |date=2014-03-03 }}</ref> (amezaliwa 17 Septemba 1971) ni mpiganaji mstaafu wa kickboxing kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika uzito wa heavyweight. Pia ni [[mwandishi]] aliyechapisha vitabu na [[msanii]]. Miller, anayejulikana pia kwa jina la utani “Fightshark”, alipigana katika mashindano ya K-1 kuanzia miaka ya 2000 na aliwahi kufanya mazoezi katika kambi za Iron City Gym na Golden Glory. Mbali na mapigano, aliandika wasifu wake uitwao ''Pain Don't Hurt: Fighting Inside and Outside the Ring'', unaoelezea maisha yake ndani na nje ya ulingo wa mapambano. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] i9kjc8hlu2mtx6k5zbqxd9vs0havyar 0 237356 1548323 1547840 2026-05-22T12:46:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mighty Mo (mpiganaji wa kickboxing)]] hadi [[Mighty Mo (mpiganaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1547840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siala-Mou Siliga''' (jina la ukoo hutamkwa kama , amezaliwa Oktoba 8, 1970), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la '''Mighty Mo''', ni Siala-Mou Siliga mpiganaji wa zamani wa [[American Samoa]] aliyeshiriki katika kickboxing, ndondi za mikono mitupu (bare-knuckle boxing), [[Boxing|ndondi]], na sanaa mchanganyiko za mapigano (MMA)]].<ref>[[http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Siala-Mou-Siliga-9068](http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Siala-Mou-Siliga-9068) Siala-Mou "Mighty Mo" Siliga], Sherdog</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jessica Hudnall |url=[http://uproxx.com/sports/move-samoa-joe-mighty-mo-new-samoan-submission-machine/|title=Move](http://uproxx.com/sports/move-samoa-joe-mighty-mo-new-samoan-submission-machine/|title=Move) Over Samoa Joe, Mighty Mo is the New Samoan Submission Machine |website=uproxx.com |date=March 11, 2014 |access-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref> Alishindana katika uzani wa juu (Heavyweight).<ref>{{cite web| url=[http://www.k-1usa.net/docs/fighters/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=1217|](http://www.k-1usa.net/docs/fighters/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=1217|) title=Fightfinder| access-date=April 12, 2007| publisher=K-1 USA| archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070423053616/http://www.k-1usa.net/docs/fighters/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=1217|](https://web.archive.org/web/20070423053616/http://www.k-1usa.net/docs/fighters/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=1217|) archive-date=April 23, 2007| url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8if4sohmk3k0gxuj3hmc3xm8py0t7zt 0 237359 1548422 1547852 2026-05-22T14:52:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Grégoire Yacé''' (23 Januari 1920 – 29 Novemba 1998) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ultime mise en scène de l'ancien régime ivoirien|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1999/05/AUGE/2950|work=Le Monde diplomatique|date=1999-05-01|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr|author=Marc Augé}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Rais wa Bunge la Taifa (National Assembly) la Côte d’Ivoire. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] 6kbyde04j1apyqyli6kqdirlylc6ttl 0 237369 1548402 1547884 2026-05-22T14:19:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Symphorien Mutombo Bakafwa Nsenda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwezi Oktoba 2008 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Usalama na Ulinzi katika serikali ya kwanza ya Adolphe Muzito.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=allAfrica.com: Congo-Kinshasa: Le cabinet de Mutombo Bakafwa Nsenda se délocalise !|url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201001220077.html|work=fr.allafrica.com|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] j2m7c6ld0k1esn02kcisbobp64wfk7b 0 237382 1548451 1547935 2026-05-22T15:18:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serkan Özkaya''' (alizaliwa [[1973]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Uturuki]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kazi zake zinahusika na mada za uigaji na uzalishaji. Kwa kawaida anafanya kazi za sanaa ya uchoraji na mara nyingi hutengeneza matoleo mbalimbali hata ya kazi zake mwenyewe, ikiwemo kazi yake maarufu zaidi ''David'' (ilihamasishwa na Michelangelo). Kazi za sanaa za Özkaya zinahifadhiwa katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya İstanbul Modern, Borusan Contemporary Art, na Arter huko [[Istanbul]], pamoja na maeneo matatu tofauti ya 21c Museum Hotels—Louisville, Kentucky; [[Bentonville, Arkansas|Bentonville]], [[Arkansas]]; na [[Nashville, Tennessee]].<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/13301/review_serkan_ozkaya_works_magic|title=Review: Serkan Ozkaya works magic|last=Cooper|first=Ivy|date=2008-10-07|website=STL Beacon|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150411222101/https://www.stlbeacon.org/%23!/content/13301/review_serkan_ozkaya_works_magic|archive-date=2015-04-11|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ifspaewed9ejgfo1p5z9b3y3vwir9od 0 237392 1548327 1547952 2026-05-22T12:48:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marjorie Abbatt''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Norah Marjorie Cobb'''; 18 Machi 1899 – 10 Novemba 1991) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya kuchezea watoto na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref name="V&A">{{cite web |title=Paul and Marjorie Abbatt Ltd. |url=[https://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/paul-marjorie-abbatt-ltd/](https://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/paul-marjorie-abbatt-ltd/) |website=V&A Museum of Childhood}}</ref><ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB |first=Elizabeth |last=Newson |title=Abbatt [née Cobb], (Norah) Marjorie (1899–1991), promoter of toy design and businesswoman |id=49549 |language=en}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa mchango wake katika ukuzaji wa ubunifu wa vifaa vya kuchezea watoto pamoja na biashara inayohusiana na elimu ya watoto kupitia michezo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1991}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] ivj3phfjudddk5nbtwrlc6ljxafa0d5 0 237394 1548429 1547957 2026-05-22T14:58:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raihan Akhter Banu''' (jina la utani: Roni; 11 Januari 1952 - 3 Aprili 2024) alikuwa mbunge wa [[Bangladesh]]<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-8th-parliament-members-bangla |title=List of 8th Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament|access-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> na kiongozi wa [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party). Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa kama kiongozi wa wanafunzi katika umoja uliitwa East Pakistan Student League, ambao kwa sasa unajulikana kama Bangladesh Chhatra League. Kama mratibu, alishiriki kikamilifu katika Vita vya Ukombozi vya Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1971. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Jatiya Sangsad]] (Bunge la Bangladesh) katika Bunge la 8 kupitia tiketi ya Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh .<ref name="mp">{{cite news |title= BNP picks 30 for women's reserved seats |url= http://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/26/d5082601119.htm |newspaper= The Daily Star |location= Dhaka |date= 26 August 2005 |access-date= 23 February 2017 |archive-date= 24 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170224052546/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/26/d5082601119.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> Anaingia kwenye orodha ya wanasiasa wanawake wa karne ya 20 na karne ya 21, kwani alianza siasa mnamo mwaka 1969 na kuwa mbunge mnamo mwaka 2004. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Raihan Akhter Banu alizaliwa na Rowshan Ara na Abdur Rahman Mondal katika eneo la 'Chalkdev Para' kwenye Mji wa Naogaon, katika Wilaya ya Naogaon. Alihitimu mtihani wake wa Cheti cha Shule ya Sekondari kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Central huko Naogaon chini ya Bodi ya Rajshahi. Alifanya mtihani wake wa Cheti cha Juu cha Sekondari (HSC) kutoka Chuo cha Wanawake cha Serikali cha BMC huko Naogaon. Raihan Akhter Banu Roni alitunukiwa shahada yake ya kwanza ya Sanaa (Bachelor of Arts) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Rajshahi. Baba yake alikuwa mtu mashuhuri katika mji huo. Mjomba wake, marehemu Khan Mohammad Basir Uddin Mondal, alikuwa mwanasiasa wa vyama vya All-India Muslim League na Pakistan Muslim League vya zamani. Babu yake mzaa baba, marehemu Zarif Mondal, alikuwa mmiliki wa ardhi na mtu tajiri katika wilaya hiyo. Kaka yake mkubwa, marehemu Mokhlesur Rahman Raja, alikuwa mpigania uhuru mkongwe wa Vita vya Ukombozi vya Bangladesh na kiongozi wa zamani wa chama cha Awami League (kabla ya mwaka 1974) na chama cha Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (kuanzia mwaka 1974 hadi 1984). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1952|2024|Banu, Raihan Akhter}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] gnfvin9u58v6esrnd793hlu0r7jmzc4 0 237395 1548329 1547956 2026-05-22T12:51:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ysabel Birkbeck (Mtengenezaji wa toys)]] hadi [[Ysabel Elwes Birkbeck]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1547956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ysabel Caroline Birkbeck''' née '''Elwes''' (1859–1934) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vinyago na mfadhili kutoka [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa kampuni maarufu ya Westacre Dolls' House iliyokuwa ikitengeneza samani za nyumba za wanasesere. == Maisha == Alizaliwa mwaka 1859, akiwa binti wa mchoraji na msafiri Robert Elwes (1819–1878), pamoja na Mary Frances Lucas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.thepeerage.com/p31970.htm#i319698|title=Person](http://www.thepeerage.com/p31970.htm#i319698|title=Person) Page|website=[www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2017-03-07](http://www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2017-03-07)}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1859|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] ad11kfnloxuo7izjyw8h4valt7fn4x4 1548498 1548329 2026-05-22T16:22:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ysabel Caroline Birkbeck''' née '''Elwes''' (1859–1934) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vinyago na mfadhili kutoka [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa kampuni maarufu ya Westacre Dolls' House iliyokuwa ikitengeneza samani za nyumba za wanasesere. == Maisha == Alizaliwa mwaka 1859, akiwa binti wa mchoraji na msafiri Robert Elwes (1819–1878), pamoja na Mary Frances Lucas.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.thepeerage.com/p31970.htm#i319698|title=Person](http://www.thepeerage.com/p31970.htm#i319698|title=Person) Page|website=[www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2017-03-07](http://www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2017-03-07)}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1859|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] bj1z598epa6scnp7516eofuddnq5o32 0 237400 1548501 1547962 2026-05-22T16:24:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zandile Ndhlovu''' ni [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa uhifadhi wa bahari, mwanaharakati wa kijamii, na mtengenezaji wa filamu ambaye alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza mweusi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] kuwa mwalimu wa kupiga mbizi baharini bila kutumia mitungi ya hewa. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi ''wa The Black Mermaid Foundation''. Mnamo mwaka [[2023]], Ndhlovu aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya Wanawake 100 ya [[BBC]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC 100 Women 2023: Who dey on di list dis year? - BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/resources/idt-02d9060e-15dc-426c-bfe0-86a6437e5234|work=News Pidgin|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ndhlovu alilelewa katika mji wa [[Soweto]] usio na bandari, ambao unapakana na [[Johannesburg]]. Hakuwahi kwenda kwenye bwawa la kuogelea au kujifunza kuogelea akiwa mtoto mdogo hadi alipofikisha umri wa miaka kumi na moja na kujiunga na shule ya watu wa rangi tofauti. Hapo awali alikuwa mshauri aliyezingatia usawa, utofauti, na ushirikishwaji. Upendo wake kwa bahari uliongezeka baada ya kwenda [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]] na kupata uzoefu wa kupiga mbizi kwa mara ya kwanza. Alipokuwa akisoma Instagram, alipata nafasi ya kupiga mbizi kwa uhuru na akaidhinishwa kama mwalimu wa kupiga mbizi kwa kutumia scuba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=This page has been removed|url=http://www.theguardian.com//the-tech-that-makes-it-possible/2023/oct/31/we-tell-kids-this-ocean-is-yours-how-south-africas-black-mermaid-inspires-children-to-swim|work=the Guardian|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Ndlovu akawa mwalimu wa kwanza wa kupiga mbizi wa kike mweusi kutoka Afrika Kusini na kwa upendo aliitwa Mermaid Mweusi. Mnamo mwaka alianzisha Black Mermaid Foundation. Katika manispaa ya Langa, ambayo iko karibu na [[Cape Town]], alianza kufanya kazi na kikundi cha jamii. Aliwafundisha jinsi ya kuogelea na kupiga mbizi wakiwa majini, na pia aliwafahamisha kuhusu athari za taka za plastiki kwa wanyamapori.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zandi Ndhlovu: Tales of a black mermaid|url=https://www.getaway.co.za/travel/adventures/zandi-ndhlovu-tales-of-a-black-mermaid/|work=Getaway Magazine|date=2023-07-17|accessdate=2026-05-22|author=Lauren Dold}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] gvqjkt4h1008hda2xsytchkfyb280qw 0 237404 1548453 1547966 2026-05-22T15:19:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaheda Sarkar''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Sarkar alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1991.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |first= |date= |title=List of 5th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |access-date=3 December 2020 |website=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] |publisher=Government of Bangladesh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917232851/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Sarkar, Shaheda}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] kk7smi8gjcrj2xpjmqp0cvxty7nabh4 0 237405 1548332 1547967 2026-05-22T12:52:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''André Cassagnes''' (23 Septemba 1926 – 16 Januari 2013) alikuwa mvumbuzi, fundi wa vifaa vya umeme, mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya kuchezea, na mbunifu wa tiara za kurushwa angani kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Cassagnes anajulikana zaidi kama mvumbuzi wa Etch A Sketch, kifaa maarufu cha kiufundi cha kuchorea kwa watoto ambacho tangu mwaka 2016 kimetengenezwa na Spin Master, na hapo awali kilitengenezwa na Ohio Art Company.<ref name=gifts>{{cite news |title=Etch A Sketch Creator Dies |url=[http://www.giftsanddec.com/article/559614-Etch_A_Sketch_Creator_Dies.php](http://www.giftsanddec.com/article/559614-Etch_A_Sketch_Creator_Dies.php) |work= Gifts & Decorative Accessories Magazine |date=2013-01-31 |access-date=2013-02-02}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 0553c8n1e4x9c2z1wkfdqe1xhs5rtsm 0 237407 1548450 1547969 2026-05-22T15:17:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Selina Shahid''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1996. Mumewe, Shahidul Islam, alikuwa mbunge kutoka jimbo la Kushtia-2.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 989 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/03/12/d70312070194.htm |access-date=2022-10-30 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Shahid, Selina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 6h60hrk1dx3orrn1byq1lb7cgjd5n9o 0 237411 1548410 1547973 2026-05-22T14:37:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ole Kirk Christiansen''' (alizaliwa kama '''Ole Kirk Kristiansen'''; 7 Aprili 1891 – 11 Machi 1958) alikuwa Ole Kirk Christiansen seremala kutoka [[Udeni|Denmark]]. Mwaka 1932, alianzisha kampuni ya vifaa vya kuchezea vya ujenzi ya [[Lego|LEGO]], ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama Kundi la LEGO. Christiansen alibadilisha karakana yake ndogo ya useremala, ambayo mwanzoni iliuza bidhaa za matumizi ya nyumbani, kuwa kiwanda cha kutengeneza vifaa vya kuchezea vya mbao. Kufikia mwaka 1934, aliipa kampuni jina rasmi la LEGO na kuweka misingi yake muhimu ya biashara. Kampuni hiyo ilianza kutengeneza matofali ya plastiki baada ya kununua mashine ya kutengeneza bidhaa za plastiki kwa njia ya sindano mwaka 1947. Baada ya kifo chake mwaka 1958, usimamizi wa kampuni ulikabidhiwa kwa mwanawe, Godtfred. == Miaka ya awali == Christiansen alizaliwa tarehe 7 Aprili 1891 katika Omvraa Mark, Filskov, Kusini mwa Jutland, Denmark, eneo lililo takribani kilomita 20 kaskazini-magharibi mwa Billund.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-03-11 |title=Ole Kirk Christiansen, el creador de Lego, el juego de construcción más famoso del mundo |url=[https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/ole-kirk-christiansen-el-creador-de-lego-el-juego-de-construccion-mas-famoso-del-mundo_17770](https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/ole-kirk-christiansen-el-creador-de-lego-el-juego-de-construccion-mas-famoso-del-mundo_17770) |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=historia.nationalgeographic.com.es |language=es}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto 13 wa mfanyakazi wa shamba.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=2009-03-26 |title=Toy story |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/26/lego-billund-denmark](https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/26/lego-billund-denmark) |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Wazazi wake walikuwa Jens Niels Christiansen na Kirstine Christiansen.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Bundy Sichol |first=Lowey |title=From an Idea to Lego: The Building Bricks Behind the World's Largest Toy Company |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2019 |pages=3}}</ref> Ingawa familia yao ilikuwa maskini, Christiansen alipata elimu ya msingi ya sekondari. Akiwa bado mdogo, alianza kufanya kazi ya kuchunga na kusaidia shambani akiwa na umri wa miaka sita, huku akienda shule siku mbili kwa wiki. Katika kipindi hicho ndipo alipoanza kupenda kuchonga na kuchana mbao kwa kisu (whittling wood). Mwaka 1905, akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, alianza kufanya kazi kama mwanafunzi wa ufundi (apprentice) chini ya kaka yake mkubwa, Kristian Bonde Christiansen. Mwaka 1911, baada ya kumaliza mafunzo yake, alijiunga na jeshi na baadaye akasoma katika Shule ya Ufundi ya Haslev.<ref name=":4" /> Baadaye alisafiri nje ya nchi, akifanya kazi ya useremala nchini Ujerumani na Norway kabla ya kurejea Denmark.<ref name=":3" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1958}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Denmark]] 5h07vgr05s3s77p5aeox9mo1vo8wqj5 0 237415 1548334 1547977 2026-05-22T12:53:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Ernest Rouamba''' ([[1951]] - [[2023]]) alikuwa mkurugenzi na mtayarishaji wa filamu kutoka [[Burkina Faso]]. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya ''Tasuma'' ya ,mwaka [[2003]] . == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Pierre Ernest Rouamba alizaliwa katika mji wa Bobo-Dioulasso nchini Burkina Faso, mwezi Juni, 1951.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Pierre Ernest Rouamba|url=https://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/pierre-ernest-rouamba/10887|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Afrika ya Elimu ya Sinema huko Ouagadougou.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Rouamba Pierre Ernest|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10887|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Kazi == Rouamba alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu ya ClapAfrik. Alikuwa mkurugenzi msaidizi wa filamu kadhaa, kabla ya kuongoza filamu nyingi fupi mwenyewe, ikiwa ni pamoja na zile za televisheni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kifo == Rouamba alifariki mjini Ouagadougou mnamo mwezi Mei, 2023.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] rzda9b5fqychejn7zont8pwnevz7ao8 1548424 1548334 2026-05-22T14:52:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Ernest Rouamba''' ([[1951]] - [[2023]]) alikuwa mkurugenzi na mtayarishaji wa filamu kutoka [[Burkina Faso]]. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya ''Tasuma'' ya ,mwaka [[2003]] . == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Pierre Ernest Rouamba alizaliwa katika mji wa Bobo-Dioulasso nchini Burkina Faso, mwezi Juni, 1951.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Pierre Ernest Rouamba|url=https://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/pierre-ernest-rouamba/10887|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Afrika ya Elimu ya Sinema huko Ouagadougou.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Rouamba Pierre Ernest|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10887|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Kazi == Rouamba alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu ya ClapAfrik. Alikuwa mkurugenzi msaidizi wa filamu kadhaa, kabla ya kuongoza filamu nyingi fupi mwenyewe, ikiwa ni pamoja na zile za televisheni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kifo == Rouamba alifariki mjini Ouagadougou mnamo mwezi Mei, 2023.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] rlr3b2pa8r7nuhrxtdrmiwl5x81mdee 0 237423 1548353 1547986 2026-05-22T13:05:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamta Wahab''' (alifariki mwaka 2012) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha Jatiya Party (Ershad) na mbunge wa zamani wa jimbo la Mymensingh-4. Alikuwa dada mkubwa wa Rowshan Ershad na A. H. G. Mohiuddin.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতিতে কে কার আত্মীয়? |url=https://www.ppbd.news/lead-news/12822|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Purboposchim |language=bn}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1940|2012|Wahab, Mamta}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Quran]] 6fm1fryy3teyic4ijvctzra3qfe7qdn 0 237425 1548361 1547988 2026-05-22T13:12:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marwan Mabrouk Mansour''' (Kiarabu: مروان المبروك; alizaliwa 15 Desemba 1989) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya ambaye alicheza zaidi katika [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad Tripoli kwenye Ligi Kuu ya Libya. == Kazi ya soka == Mabrouk alianza kucheza soka katika [[klabu]] ya Olympic Zawiya ya Ligi Kuu ya Libya, ikiwemo kushiriki nao kwenye Super Cup ya Libya mwaka 2004 ambapo timu hiyo ilifungwa fainali na Al-Ittihad.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya 2003/04|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/lib04.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> Alijiunga na Al-Ittihad mwaka 2009, na akawa mmoja wa wachezaji muhimu katika mechi za CAF Champions League na CAF Confederation Cup. Mabrouk aliisaidia Al-Ittihad kushinda Super Cup ya Libya kwa mara ya tisa mfululizo mwaka 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ittihad start domestic competitions by winning Super Cup {{!}} African Soccer Union|url=http://www.africansoccerunion.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=114743&Itemid=200149|work=www.africansoccerunion.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-gb|author=Administrator}}</ref> Pia aliichezea klabu hiyo katika CAF Confederation Cup ya mwaka 2010 na kusaidia [[timu]] kufika hatua ya nusu fainali. == Timu ya taifa == Ameichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya mara 25 na kufunga mabao mawili. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nxhxv39p6d9i1c56j6j2tr97out5n2s 0 237427 1548401 1547990 2026-05-22T14:18:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhanad Madyen''' (alizaliwa 25 Machi 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Muhand Aissa|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/muhand-aissa/|work=worldfootball.net|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول|url=https://www.kooora.com/?player=135047|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j15oo74no3pjn6u2tmkdmj44iu3ws41 0 237429 1548400 1547992 2026-05-22T14:18:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Al Maghrabi''' (Kiarabu: مُحَمَّد الْمَغْرِبِيّ; alizaliwa 19 Aprili 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kulia. Aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Libya mechi 50.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/168619/muhammad-al-maghrabi|work=www.espn.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/07/arab-cup-2012-final-libya-lose-3-1-to-morocco-in-penalty-shoot-outs/|work=LibyaHerald|date=2012-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Michel Cousins}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] g8pq6x3p5j96keqtc2bq7psewv709s4 0 237430 1548336 1547994 2026-05-22T12:54:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tony Fisher (mtengenezaji wa machezeo ya pazo)]] hadi [[Tony Fisher]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1547994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tony Fisher''' ni mbunifu wa mafumbo (puzzle designer) kutoka [[Uingereza]] ambaye amebobea katika kuunda mafumbo ya mzunguko (rotational puzzles) yaliyobinafsishwa. Anahesabiwa na wapenzi wa “cubing” kama mmoja wa waanzilishi katika kubuni aina mpya za mafumbo na mbinu mpya za utengenezaji. Fisher amefahamika kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika maendeleo ya mafumbo ya aina ya Rubik’s Cube na miundo mingine ya kipekee, ambapo amesaidia kusukuma mbele ubunifu katika muundo wa mafumbo na njia za kuyatengeneza.<ref name=Slocum> {{cite book |last=Slocum |first=Jerry |year=2009 |title=The Cube. The Ultimate Guide to the World's Best Selling Puzzles |publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal |isbn=978-1-57912-805-0 |url-access=registration |url=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781579128050](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781579128050) }}</ref><ref name=Twisty> {{cite web |url=[http://twistypuzzles.com/articles/building-2x2x6/](http://twistypuzzles.com/articles/building-2x2x6/) |title=A Fully Operational 2x2x4 Cube with Uniform Cubies |accessdate=19 July 2014 |publisher=TwistyPuzzles.com }}</ref><ref name=speed> {{cite web |url=[http://www.speedcubing.com/ton/cube_day_2003.htm](http://www.speedcubing.com/ton/cube_day_2003.htm) |title=Dutch Cube Day |accessdate=19 July 2014 |publisher=SpeedCubing.com }} </ref> Mwaka 2017, Guinness World Records ilimtambua Fisher kama mtengenezaji wa Rubik's Cube kubwa zaidi duniani.<ref name=Guinness> {{cite book |year=2018 |title=Guinness World Records 2018 |isbn=978-1-910561-71-3 |last1=Guinness World Records }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t78q9bcoyyzyykjvlgyeqwu1luxyhp6 0 237431 1548340 1547995 2026-05-22T12:54:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Makhlof''' (Kiarabu: محمود مخلوف; alizaliwa 17 Aprili 1975) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[beki]]. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahmoud Makhlouf Shaftar (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3849/Mahmoud_Makhlouf_Shaftar.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b4v54ly298igxi52s67zkay0zcdkbcn 1548348 1548340 2026-05-22T13:01:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Makhlof''' (Kiarabu: محمود مخلوف; alizaliwa 17 Aprili 1975) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[beki]]. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mahmoud Makhlouf Shaftar (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3849/Mahmoud_Makhlouf_Shaftar.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tb1ooohynah378nzx64c2l6qqok6t7l 0 237435 1548388 1548001 2026-05-22T13:37:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moataz Al-Mehdi''' (Kiarabu: معتز المهدي; alizaliwa 9 Agosti 1990) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea klabu ya Al-Ahli Tripoli katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya kama mshambuliaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Eurosport is not available in your region|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/geoblocking.shtml|work=www.eurosport.fr|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 70j3h4ey4jyw1ya5nmf8to0zuvj0bey 0 237439 1548426 1548005 2026-05-22T14:58:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rabee Al Msellati''' (alizaliwa 22 Februari 1983 nchini Libya) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. Anachezea klabu ya Rafik katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya. Alifanya debut yake kwa timu ya taifa ya Libya kama mchezaji wa akiba katika [[mechi]] ya kirafiki dhidi ya Ukraine tarehe 5 Juni 2006.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=International Friendly Matches 2006|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesf/friend-intres2006.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2k23d1qogqmpcj7j6pzbmjmdhtwzl88 0 237441 1548375 1548007 2026-05-22T13:25:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Joaquin Grey''' (amezaliwa 1961 huko Los Angeles) ni msanii, mvumbuzi na mwalimu kutoka [[Marekani]] anayeishi New York City. Grey ana Shahada ya Sanaa (BA) katika Sanaa na Shahada ya Sayansi (BS) katika Genetics kutoka University of California, Berkeley (1984), pamoja na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa Nzuri (MFA) katika sanamu (sculpture) kutoka [[Yale University]] (1990). Yeye ndiye mvumbuzi wa ZOOB, mfumo wa uundaji wa vinyago ulioshinda tuzo mbalimbali.<ref>[[https://www.plasticstoday.com/plastics-processing/tool-program-for-zoob-takes-coordination](https://www.plasticstoday.com/plastics-processing/tool-program-for-zoob-takes-coordination) Tool program for Zoob takes coordination]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Michael Joaquin Grey. ZOOB play system. 1993-1996 {{!}} MoMA |url=[https://www.moma.org/collection/works/132507](https://www.moma.org/collection/works/132507) |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Kazi yake ya sanaa inachunguza uhusiano kati ya genetics, [[lugha]] na asili ya umbo (form), na imeonyeshwa katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya kimataifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2q9lq0u4a01fyg4ewlu78etka24q1uv 0 237443 1548471 1548009 2026-05-22T15:43:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tim Cantor''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 10]], [[1969]]) ni [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Marekani]].Alilelewa [[Marin County]], [[California]] na alianza uchoraji wa kutumia mafuta akiwa na umri wa miaka mitano. Mwaka [[2014]], alianza kufanya kazi na bendi ya ''Imagine Dragons'' kwa ajili ya albamu yao ya pili ya ''Smoke + Mirrors'', akiunda jalada na picha 13 za ziada zinazohusiana na kila wimbo wa albamu hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Tim Cantor |url=https://floodmagazine.com/t/tim-cantor/ |access-date=2026-04-08 |website=FLOOD |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] el5x9zpn5km0lm284r6bzhojxvtpul4 0 237445 1548341 1548292 2026-05-22T12:55:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy Grant-Ekong''' (awali alijulikana kama Joy Aiyegbeni<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=8 interesting facts you didn’t know about popular movie producer – Joy Grant-Ekong – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/02/04/8-interesting-facts-you-didnt-know-about-popular-movie-producer-joy-grant-ekong/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref>) ni mtayarishaji wa televisheni na filamu, mkurugenzi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top 10 movie producers in Nollywood|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/12/05/top-10-movie-producers-in-nollywood/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref>, msimamizi wa hati na mshauri wa uzalishaji kutoka [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top 5 Leading female movie producers in Nigeria|url=https://thesun.ng/top-5-leading-female-movie-producers-in-nigeria/|work=The Sun Nigeria|date=2021-03-04|accessdate=2026-05-22|author=sunnews}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa filamu yake ya ''Mama Drama'' ''ya mwaka 2020'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top movies produced & directed by award winning Joy Grant-Ekong|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/top-movies-produced-directed-by-award-winning-joy-grant-ekong/|work=Tribune Online|date=2021-08-14|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=Tribune Online}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top 10 Nigeria movie producers in 2021|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/top-10-nigeria-movie-producers-in-2021/|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=2021-04-05|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> na ''One Too Many''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=First Look at the forthcoming film “One Too Many” starring Jide Kosoko, Omowunmi Dada & Dakore Akande|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/04/one-too-many-nollywood-film/|work=BellaNaija|date=2021-04-08|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=BellaNaija.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Joy Grant-Ekong alizaliwa katika mji wa Lagos, Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /> Alianza utayarishaji mwaka [[2003]] alipojiunga na kundi la maigizo la Ojo Ladipo na kisha akahamia kwa ''Wale Adenuga Productions'' kama meneja mwendelezo wa matukio.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meet Joy Grant-Ekong: Female movie producers changing the narrative {{!}} Daily Times Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|url=https://dailytimesng.com/meet-joy-grant-ekong-female-movie-producers-changing-the-narrative/|work=DAILY TIMES Nigeria|date=2022-03-04|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=Ihesiulo Grace}}</ref> Joy Grant-Ekong alijiunga na tamthilia ya kila siku ya M-Net yenye kamera nyingi iitwayo ''Tinsel'' kuanzia msimu wa pili na akawa mkuu wa idara ya wasaidizi wa mkurugenzi hadi msimu wa nne.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi == Mnamo mwaka [[2016]], alitengeneza filamu inayoitwa ''Babysitting Ejiro'', filamu ya M-Net iliyoandikwa na Victor Sanchez Aghahowa, na filamu inayoitwa ''InLine'' iliyoongozwa na Tope Oshin, ambayo ilirushwa hewani katika sinema kote nchini mnamo mwaka [[2017]].<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top movies produced & directed by award winning Joy Grant-Ekong|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/top-movies-produced-directed-by-award-winning-joy-grant-ekong/|work=Tribune Online|date=2021-08-14|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=Tribune Online}}</ref> Joy Grant-Ekong alitengeneza filamu ndefu ya ''Mama Drama and Echoes'' mwaka [[2019]].<ref name=":2" /> Mnamo mwaka 2020, alitengeneza ''Hell Ride'', ambayo ilishinda tuzo ya filamu bora ya kimataifa katika Tamasha la Filamu la Kimataifa la Nollywood la Toronto la [[2022]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Joy Grant-Ekong wins big at the Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival (TINFF)|url=https://guardian.ng/art/joy-grant-ekong-wins-big-at-the-toronto-international-nollywood-film-festival-tinff/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2022-11-10|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=Kobor Amos}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2020]], alitajwa miongoni mwa wazalishaji wa filamu waliounda tasnia ya filamu ya Nigeria na Vanguard.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Joy Grant-Ekong, Bolaji Amusan, others, among movie producers shaping Nigerian film industry|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/joy-grant-ekong-bolaji-amusan-others-among-movie-producers-shaping-nigerian-film-industry/|work=Vanguard News|date=2022-03-08|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=Temisan Amoye}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2021]], alitayarisha filamu ya One Too Many.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/positive-reviews-of-one-too-many-excites-grant-ekong/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=My new movie shows there’s hope Nigeria — Grant-Ekong|url=https://punchng.com/my-new-movie-shows-theres-hope-nigeria-grant-ekong/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2022-11-12|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Kehinde Ajose}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] a71ijkep0shshsw1b7a189x980vb59e 0 237450 1548485 1548017 2026-05-22T16:08:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walid Ali Osman''' (Kiarabu: وليد عصمان; alizaliwa 28 Februari 1977) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. Anachezea klabu ya Al-Ittihad katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Libya na pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Walid Ali Osman (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3851/Walid_Ali_Osman.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] j8typ07faszh772q14494aq028nxrbv 0 237452 1548344 1548241 2026-05-22T12:57:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gahité Fofana''' (alizaliwa 1965 nchini [[Ufaransa]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, mtayarishaji, mhariri wa filamu, mwigizaji na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka [[Gine]], ambaye alisoma fasihi na utengenezaji wa filamu huko [[Paris]]. Alianza kama muundaji wa filamu za makala, baadaye aliandika, akaelekeza na kutengeneza filamu za makala.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Gahité Fofana|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/gahite-fofana/3270|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fofana, Gahité {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc.|url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/gahite-fofana/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tuzo == Fofana alishinda Tuzo Maalum za Majaji katika Tamasha la Filamu la Venice mwaka [[1996]] kwa filamu ''Une parole'', ''un visage'' and ''Tèmèdy'' na katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur mwaka [[2001]] kwa filamu ya ''I.T.- Immatriculation temporaire''.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Guinea]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 33bav9tftjulzqpc9xgnju0ag8ak7j2 0 237453 1548355 1548021 2026-05-22T13:08:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marei Al Ramly''' (alizaliwa 4 Desemba 1977 nchini Libya) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Anachezea klabu ya Al-Nasr na pia ni [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marei Suliman Al-Ramli (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3845/Marei_Suliman_Al_Ramli.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dya948r4fs6bwufexlggqdhqwa74qad 0 237454 1548443 1548023 2026-05-22T15:11:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marei Al Ramly''' (alizaliwa 4 Desemba 1977 nchini Libya) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Nasr na pia ni [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Salem Ibrahim Al-Rewani (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/8055/Salem_Ibrahim_Al_Rewani.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=- YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbFDnFeIMAo|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8xm7f847hj5nmykksf8r05ula0pgfte 0 237455 1548389 1548024 2026-05-22T13:40:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Motasem Masaud Sabbou''' (alizaliwa 20 Agosti 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekipiga pia katika [[timu]] ya taifa ya [[Libya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Motasem Sabo (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/51946/Motasem_Sabbou.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1003]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 1w6esj4al6v26734ebq86x377izjle5 0 237458 1548484 1548028 2026-05-22T16:08:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walid Al Sbaay''' (alizaliwa 28 Machi 1983) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Walid Jalal Al-Sebaai (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24520/Walid_Jalal_Al_Sebai.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 3o5li5vevznvcviikxhipwuumj7yemt 0 237460 1548377 1548039 2026-05-22T13:29:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mina Zaman Chowdhury''' ni mwanasiasa wa chama cha Jatiya Party (Ershad) nchini [[Bangladesh]] na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Maisha ya mapema == Chowdhury alizaliwa na Khan Bahadur Abdur Rahim Choudhury pamoja na Zobeda Rahim Choudhury.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2016-02-22|title=Obituary|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/obituary-575953|access-date=2022-01-20|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref> Aliolewa na Shamsuzzaman Chowdhury, ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Bodi ya Elimu ya Baraza la Rajshahi.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Chowdhury, Mina Zaman}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] pt2xknbs0x7puxd0nbtn4mc7ndd48jm 0 237464 1548417 1548048 2026-05-22T14:46:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pari Abasalti''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1935 huko [[Tehran]]) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari mwenye asili ya [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye baadaye alihamia nchini [[Marekani]]. Alichaguliwa kujiunga na Baraza la Kitaifa la Ushauri la Iran mnamo mwaka 1975 na alikuwa mbunge hadi ulipotokea [[Mapinduzi ya Iran]] mnamo mwaka 1979, ambapo aliondoka [[Iran]] na kuhamia [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=July 23, 2013 |title=پری اباصلتی |trans-title=Pari Abasalti |url=http://rijaldb.com/fa/11993/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003022839/http://rijaldb.com/fa/11993/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C |archive-date=October 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=rijaldb.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1935||Abasalti, Pari}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 7l7kx8qqqy9ru8sbbxat0agtiwo99uj 0 237465 1549019 1548051 2026-05-23T11:34:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Marie Bamporiki Manegabe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=BAMPORIKI MANEGABE Jean Marie|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=bamporiki-manegabe-jean-marie|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-22|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175438/http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=bamporiki-manegabe-jean-marie|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eqbwams6hf74jx6wfmjyop2v3ssi1x2 0 237466 1548331 1548052 2026-05-22T12:51:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liliane Banga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu na Vyuo Vikuu katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r8gt41gjhnhh2jqrj5zoiftoxbe9sol 0 237470 1548452 1548058 2026-05-22T15:19:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seyed Abolfazl Mousavi Tabrizi''' (1935 – 14 Aprili 2003), alizaliwa kwa jina la '''Abolfazl Rihani''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanasheria, na kiongozi wa kidini wa [[Iran]]. Alihudumu kama Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Iran na alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wataalamu la nchi hiyo. Pia, alishiriki kikamilifu katika mchakato wa kuandaa Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Katiba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=وفات آیةالله سيد ابوالفضل موسوي تبريزي (1382 ش)-26 فروردین|url=https://portal.anhar.ir/node/18802/?ref=sbttl#gsc.tab=0|access-date=2021-02-12|website=portal.anhar.ir}}</ref> == Kazi na Wasifu == Mousavi Tabrizi alizaliwa mjini Tabriz na kupata elimu yake ya kidini katika Chuo cha Kidini cha Qom (Qom Seminary) chini ya uongozi wa Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini na Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari. Baada ya Mapinduzi ya Iran ya mwaka 1979, alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali kubwa serikalini ikiwemo: * Mjumbe wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Katiba (1979) uliosaidia kuandika katiba mpya. * Mbunge wa Bunge la Iran (Islamic Consultative Assembly) kwa vipindi viwili vya kwanza akikiwakilisha jimbo la Tabriz (1980–1988). * Rais wa Mahakama ya Haki ya Kiutawala. * Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Iran (Prosecutor-General) kati ya mwaka 1991 na 1994.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=مرکز پژوهشها - سیدابوالفضل سیدریحانی(موسوی تبریزی)|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/762428|access-date=2021-02-12|website=rc.majlis.ir}}</ref> Alifariki dunia tarehe 14 Aprili 2003 huko Tabriz na kuzikwa katika Haram ya Fatima Masumeh mjini Qom.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=اسلامی|first=مرکز اسناد انقلاب|date=2020-04-12|title=تصاویری از آیت‌الله سیدابوالفضل موسوی تبریزی|url=http://irdc.ir/fa/news/5732|access-date=2021-02-12|website=fa|language=fa}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1935|2003|Tabrizi, Seyed Abolfazl Mousavi}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 7ssk28wr4qifpids851eycrrghkk6oh 0 237476 1548459 1548068 2026-05-22T15:27:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham''' (13 Desemba 1862 – 13 Julai 1914) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama Kaimu Waziri Mkuu na Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Iran kuanzia tarehe 21 Machi 1907 hadi 30 Aprili 1907.<ref name="Rijaldb">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=September 6, 2013|title=سلطان على وزير افخم|url=http://rijaldb.com/fa/12180/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C+%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AE%D9%85|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Rijaldb}}</ref><ref name="World States Men">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=|title=Soltan Ali Khan, Vazir-e Afkham|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Iran.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=World States Men}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1862|1914|Vazir-e Afkham, Soltan-Ali}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Quran]] iuh3ggedmbpvrzraa9k0hovp99xvebo 0 237478 1548367 1548070 2026-05-22T13:18:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isadore Elliot Handler''' (9 Aprili 1916 – 21 Julai 2011) alikuwa mvumbuzi, tajiri wa biashara, na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kampuni ya Mattel. Pamoja na mke wake, Ruth Handler, alisaidia kuendeleza baadhi ya vichezeo vilivyouzwa zaidi katika historia ya Marekani, ikiwemo Barbie, Chatty Cathy, Creepy Crawlers, na Hot Wheels.<ref>{{cite news|author=Miller, Stephen|title=Hot Wheels' Driver And Barbie's Dad |date=July 23, 2011|url=[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904233404576462491105489476|work=The](https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904233404576462491105489476|work=The) Wall Street Journal|access-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref><ref name=wp>{{cite news|first=Andrea|last=Chang|title=Elliot Handler, co-founder of toymaker Mattel and inventor of Hot Wheels, dies at 95 |url=[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/elliot-handler-co-founder-of-toymaker-mattel-and-inventor-of-hot-wheels-dies-at-95/2011/07/24/gIQAxXwHXI_story.html](https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/elliot-handler-co-founder-of-toymaker-mattel-and-inventor-of-hot-wheels-dies-at-95/2011/07/24/gIQAxXwHXI_story.html) |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |via=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 24, 2011|access-date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1916|2011}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] rt1mwvs7ssqz6t8fngqe2hl2a23114z 0 237480 1548440 1548073 2026-05-22T15:09:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Marianna Handler''' (aliyezaliwa '''Mosko'''; 4 Novemba 1916 – 27 Aprili 2002) alikuwa Ruth Handler mfanyabiashara mkubwa na mvumbuzi kutoka Marekani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kubuni mdoli wa Barbie mwaka 1959 na kwa kuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kampuni ya kutengeneza vichezeo Mattel pamoja na mume wake [[Elliot Handler|Elliot Handler]]. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama rais wa kwanza wa kampuni hiyo kuanzia 1945 hadi 1975. Handler na mume wake walilazimika kujiuzulu kutoka Mattel mwaka 1975 baada ya Securities and Exchange Commission kufanya uchunguzi kuhusu kampuni hiyo kutokana na madai ya kughushi nyaraka za kifedha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Castellitto |first=Linda M. |date=February 22, 2009 |title=Scandal tainted long career of Barbie's creator |url=[https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=6934823&page=1](https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=6934823&page=1) |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> Handler pia ameonyeshwa kama mhusika muhimu katika filamu ya mwaka 2023 iitwayo ''Barbie''. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1916|2002}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ncflccmgbyekyy6kk39vgbtf3yqb7u1 0 237481 1548490 1548074 2026-05-22T16:17:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willy Bokonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo Vision : Nouvelles visions pour le Congo et l'Afrique|url=http://www.congovision.com/nouvelles/remaniement261107.html|work=www.congovision.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Nchi anayehusika na Elimu ya Msingi, Sekondari na Ufundi katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, akimrithi Gaston Musemena. Mwezi Aprili 2021, Bokonga alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka mitatu jela bila rufaa kwa kosa la utakatishaji fedha. Kesi hiyo pia ilihusisha uhamishaji haramu wa fedha kwenda nje ya nchi. Mtoto wake wa kiume pia alikamatwa kuhusiana na kesi hiyo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o0n0a3a90bhscot84h8gbt5naaevugl 0 237482 1548370 1548075 2026-05-22T13:21:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald B. Howes''' (22 Mei 1926 – 16 Februari 2010) alikuwa mvumbuzi wa [[Marekani]] wa vifaa vya kuchezea, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kubuni Easy-Bake Oven, kifaa cha kuchezea cha kupikia kilichoanza kuuzwa kwa watumiaji mwaka 1963.<ref name=ce>{{cite news|first=Barry M.|last=Horstman|title=Ronald Howes, inventor of Easy-Bake Oven, dies at 83|url=[http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100219/NEWS01/2200320/Easy-Bake+Oven+inventor+dies|work=[[Cincinnati](http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100219/NEWS01/2200320/Easy-Bake+Oven+inventor+dies|work=[[Cincinnati) Enquirer]]|date=2010-02-19|accessdate=2010-03-04|url-status=dead|archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100223002016/http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100219/NEWS01/2200320/Easy-Bake+Oven+inventor+dies|archivedate=2010-02-23}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100223002016/http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100219/NEWS01/2200320/Easy-Bake+Oven+inventor+dies|archivedate=2010-02-23}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2010}} [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Marekani]] i43vj3fl35jrunhanlni9gruvy5nhut 0 237485 1548372 1548080 2026-05-22T13:22:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Thompson James''' (27 Machi 1918 – 13 Julai 1974) alikuwa mhandisi wa majini kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kubuni kichezeo cha Slinky pamoja na mke wake Betty James huko Haverford Township, Pennsylvania mwaka 1943. == Elimu == James alizaliwa tarehe 27 Machi 1918. Mwaka 1935, alihitimu kutoka Westtown School, shule ya bweni ya [[Quaker]] iliyopo Chester County, Pennsylvania. Mwaka 1939, alihitimu shahada ya uhandisi wa mitambo (mechanical engineering) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Pennsylvania State.<ref>[[http://giveto.psu.edu/s/1218/index.aspx?sid=1218&gid=1&pgid=704](http://giveto.psu.edu/s/1218/index.aspx?sid=1218&gid=1&pgid=704) Penn State: What’s the connection between a Slinky and Penn State?]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|1974}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] bjyastdyrgl2u4gdjepolp9yx1o2gmx 0 237486 1548463 1548082 2026-05-22T15:32:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvanus Mushi Bonane''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utafiti wa Kisayansi katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q091g2ep4akhscw0bxt6kymyvji608h 0 237498 1548595 1548205 2026-05-22T19:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deogratias Nkusu Bikawa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Mahusiano na Bunge katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ii95do38eo3p88xq6j6ig6gq3yp3eb6 0 237508 1548617 1548207 2026-05-22T20:21:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Didier Lutundula Okito''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchumi wa Taifa katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sedwnq4pl2jx71y4cglfrx3ay49r04p 0 237509 1548618 1548209 2026-05-22T20:21:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Didier Mazengu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Usafiri na Mawasiliano katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4dvq4qdw33yxrvez5bj7buaddyftr3w 0 237514 1548373 1548126 2026-05-22T13:24:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Loomis''' (4 Julai 1923 – 2 Juni 2006) alikuwa mtengenezaji na mtaalamu wa masoko ya vichezeo kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alisaidia kuanzisha na kukuza baadhi ya chapa maarufu zaidi duniani, zikiwemo Chatty Cathy, Barbie, Hot Wheels, Baby Alive, na Strawberry Shortcake. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi ya kimasoko yalikuwa kuleta bidhaa za vichezeo vya filamu ya ''Star Wars'' sokoni wakati filamu hiyo ilikuwa bado haijajulikana sana. Kila kampuni ya vichezeo aliyofanyia kazi — Mattel, kitengo cha Kenner cha General Mills, na Hasbro — ilifikia kuwa “kampuni kubwa zaidi ya vichezeo duniani” wakati wa kipindi chake cha kazi katika kampuni hizo.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |date=2006-06-06 |title=Bernard Loomis, 82, Dies; Made Toys TV Stars |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/business/06loomis.html?_r=1&oref=slogin](https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/business/06loomis.html?_r=1&oref=slogin) |access-date=2006-06-15 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=C13}}</ref> Pia alibuni neno "toyetic" katika mazungumzo na [[Steven Spielberg]] kuhusu kubadilisha filamu yake ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'' kuwa bidhaa za vichezeo na sanamu za wahusika. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ifso98oy373g6uq5bfoylsu56ea5cil 0 237545 1548376 1548216 2026-05-22T13:26:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Driss Mrini.jpg|thumb|Driss Mrini.]] '''Driss Mrini''' (alizaliwa 11 Februari 1950) ni mwongozaji wa filamu na televisheni, mtayarishaji, na mwandishi kutoka nchini [[Moroko]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini Salé mnamo mwaka 1950 na akaondoka kwenda kusomea mambo ya mawasiliano katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg]] nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Baada ya kufanya kazi kama msaidizi katika utayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni nchini Ujerumani, alirejea Morocco. Muda mfupi baadaye, alijiunga na televisheni ya taifa ya Morocco na kutengeneza filamu kadhaa za maandishi. Filamu yake ya Aida ilichaguliwa kuiwakilisha nchi ya Morocco katika Tuzo za Oscar za mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oscars (Event)|url=https://www.indiewire.com/t/oscars/|work=IndieWire|date=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Driss Mrini ametengeneza filamu kadhaa, makala za filamu na vipindi kadhaa vya televisheni. Baadhi ya filamu hizo ni pamoja na: * 1983 : ''Bamou'' * 2011 : ''Larbi'' * 2015 : ''Aida'' * 2017: ''Lahnech'' == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Moroko]] frpbw18311f9z949qq3kjsvcexvtrrf 0 237547 1548338 1548183 2026-05-22T12:54:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Marx''' (11 Agosti 1896 – 5 Februari 1982) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa vichezeo na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye kampuni yake, Louis Marx and Company, ilikuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi ya vichezeo duniani katika miaka ya 1950. Alielezwa na baadhi ya watu kama mfanyabiashara mwenye uzoefu mkubwa lakini mwenye akili ya mtoto katika ubunifu na mtazamo wa michezo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = Information Marx History|url = [http://www.marxtoymuseum.com/info_marx_history.htm|website](http://www.marxtoymuseum.com/info_marx_history.htm|website) = marxtoymuseum.com|accessdate = 2015-12-04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1896|1982}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] b0ayn0xmmwqa5skncmzxkh589jqkcdn 0 237548 1548479 1548184 2026-05-22T16:00:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwe Mèffert''' (28 Novemba 1939 – 30 Aprili 2022) alikuwa Uwe Mèffert mbunifu wa mafumbo na mvumbuzi kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. Alitengeneza na kuuza mafumbo ya kiufundi yanayofanana na Rubik's Cube tangu kipindi cha umaarufu wa “cube craze” katika miaka ya 1980. Ubunifu wake wa kwanza ulikuwa Pyraminx, ambao aliutengeneza kabla hata ya kubuniwa kwa Rubik's Cube ya awali. Pia alianzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe ya mafumbo na kusaidia kuleta sokoni mafumbo kama Megaminx, Skewb, Skewb Diamond na mafumbo mengine mengi. == Historia ya mafumbo == === Ubunifu wa Pyraminx === Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Mèffert alivutiwa na wazo la kuchunguza kama maumbo kama piramidi, kuba na maumbo mengine yanaweza kuathiri afya ya binadamu na mtiririko wa nishati ya mwili (bio-energy).<ref name="slocum49">{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Cube: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Bestselling Puzzle|editor1-first=Jerry|editor1-last=Slocum|page=49|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal|year=2009|isbn=978-1579128050}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] krm7gkks6suhkmil5l2b4h9tj3iriut 0 237562 1548378 1548215 2026-05-22T13:29:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susanna Passavant''' (1711–1790) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Uingereza]]. Alikuwa muuzaji wa bidhaa za anasa mwenye ushawishi wa kimataifa katika biashara ya vito na bidhaa za kifahari.<ref>Louisa Elena Brouwer: "At the Plume of Feathers": Susanna Passavant and the Jewelry Trade of Eighteenth-century London and Abroad. University of Delaware, 2011</ref> Susanna Passavant alikuwa miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara waliokuwa na mchango mkubwa katika biashara ya vito ya London ya karne ya 18 na masoko ya kimataifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1711|1790}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] ehywl9k5mhapyeol08ham4l1n95aarr 0 237563 1548493 1548217 2026-05-22T16:19:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xavier Roberts''' (alizaliwa Oktoba 31, 1955, katika Cleveland, Georgia) ni mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha Cabbage Patch Kids, aina ya wanasesere laini waliokuwa maarufu sana duniani. Roberts alipata umaarufu mkubwa baada ya kuendeleza na kusambaza wanasesere hao wa “soft sculpted dolls”, ambao waliuzwa kwa wingi na kuwa mojawapo ya vinyago vilivyopendwa zaidi katika kipindi chao cha umaarufu mkubwa.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[http://thevibrantcrafter.com/who-invented-cabbage-patch-kids/|title=Who](http://thevibrantcrafter.com/who-invented-cabbage-patch-kids/|title=Who) Invented The Cabbage Patch Kids? {{!}} The Vibrant Crafter|date=18 Aprili 2018|work=The Vibrant Crafter|access-date=19 Aprili 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3htwkcnvxpcqlwtvie3n4ojo9qwo1mv 0 237567 1548418 1548223 2026-05-22T14:47:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Rylands''' (12 Septemba 1942 – 11 Desemba 2025) alikuwa mbunifu wa vinyago kutoka [[Uingereza]], kutoka Hull. == Maisha na kazi == Rylands alizaliwa katika [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], Yorkshire Mashariki, tarehe 12 Septemba 1942.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Carter |first=Kate |date=2 Januari 2026 |title=Patrick Rylands obituary |url=[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/jan/02/patrick-rylands-obituary](https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2026/jan/02/patrick-rylands-obituary) |access-date=5 Januari 2026 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu masomo ya keramik (ceramics) katika Royal College of Art mjini London mwaka 1966, Rylands alianza kufanya kazi kama mbunifu huru (freelancer) akishirikiana na kampuni kadhaa za vinyago kama Creative Playthings, [[Naef, na Ambi Toys. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1942|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] e0vuu91rmhf42tywjrz8ujyxrex4e6q 0 237569 1548433 1548233 2026-05-22T15:01:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Remo J. Saraceni''' (15 Januari 1935 – 3 Juni 2024) alikuwa mvumbuzi wa vinyago kutoka [[Italia]] na [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa uvumbuzi wake wa Walking Piano, kifaa cha muziki cha sakafuni kinachotoa sauti kinapokanyagwa, ambacho kilitumika katika filamu ya mwaka 1988 ''Big '' iliyoigizwa na [[Tom Hanks]]. == Maisha na kazi == Saraceni alizaliwa katika Fossacesia, akiwa mtoto wa Giuseppe Saraceni, seremala wa viatu, na Filomena Carulli, mama wa nyumbani. Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Ufundi ya Milan, ambapo alihitimu shahada ya uzamili (master's degree) katika electronics mwaka 1958.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/stories/local-rocket-scientist-became-piano-man-for-tom-hanks,11432|title=Local](https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/stories/local-rocket-scientist-became-piano-man-for-tom-hanks,11432|title=Local) rocket scientist became 'Piano Man' for Tom Hanks|work=Chestnut Hill Local|first=Len|last=Lear|date=22 Juni 2018|access-date=19 Juni 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1935|2024}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ljs5wt2m7uh1xew81e84ujg6dndwi0g 0 237570 1548833 1548259 2026-05-23T06:32:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guy Mukulu Pombo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijijini katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t53up46qas0q1risdyt96yttvj3mzhf 0 237572 1548558 1548239 2026-05-22T18:37:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernő Rubik''' ( alizaliwa 13 Julai 1944) ni mbunifu wa majengo na mvumbuzi kutoka [[Hungaria]], anayejulikana sana kwa kuvumbua Rubik's Cube (1974), Rubik's Magic na Rubik's Snake.<ref name="sporting">{{Rejea kitabu |author=William Fotheringham |title=Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes |publisher=Anova Books |year=2007 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/fotheringhamsext0000foth/page/50](https://archive.org/details/fotheringhamsext0000foth/page/50) 50] |isbn=978-1-86105-953-6 |url=[https://archive.org/details/fotheringhamsext0000foth/page/50](https://archive.org/details/fotheringhamsext0000foth/page/50) }}</ref> Ernő Rubik ni miongoni mwa wavumbuzi mashuhuri wa michezo ya mafumbo duniani, hasa kupitia uvumbuzi wake wa Rubik's Cube, pamoja na Rubik's Magic na Rubik's Snake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] 33042lyx3menbkuem7altjzhokgotpq 0 237574 1548356 1548243 2026-05-22T13:08:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margarete Steiff''' (24 Julai 1847 – 9 Mei 1909) alikuwa mshonaji (seamstress) kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. Mwaka 1880 alianzisha kampuni ya Margarete Steiff GmbH, inayojulikana zaidi kama Steiff, kampuni maarufu kwa utengenezaji wa [[toy|vinyago]] vya wanyama vilivyojazwa pamba (stuffed animals).<ref name="NYT3">{{Rejea habari |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/14/travel/shopper-s-world-steiff-s-lair-for-bears.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/14/travel/shopper-s-world-steiff-s-lair-for-bears.html) |date=14 Julai 1985 |last=Markham |first=Stephanie Reed |title=Shopper's World; Steiff's Lair For Bears |at=sec. 10 p. 12 |access-date=22 Julai 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1847|1909}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] te7hmr5p2ik08n10c2oq6tb9vabl8t1 0 237575 1548408 1548247 2026-05-22T14:35:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Néné Nkulu Ilunga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Tangu Septemba 2019 amekuwa Waziri wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Ajira, Kazi na Ustawi wa Jamii katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DR Congo gets new cabinet after seven months - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dr-congo-gets-new-cabinet-after-seven-months/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=2019-08-26|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ni Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa chama cha Alliance of Democratic Forces of the Congo (AFDC), kinachoongozwa na Modeste Bahati Lukwebo. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] srx40df2r6fdexi45i3xplhck6ningv 0 237576 1548436 1548248 2026-05-22T15:03:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Steiff''' (7 Februari 1877 – 30 Machi 1939) alikuwa mbunifu kutoka Ujerumani anayejulikana kwa kutengeneza mojawapo ya wanasesere wa mwanzo kabisa wa aina ya teddy bear. Mwaka 1897 alijiunga na kampuni ya Steiff, kampuni ya kutengeneza vinyago vya kujazwa pamba iliyoanzishwa katika mji wake wa Giengen na shangazi yake [[Margarete Steiff]], na akawa sehemu muhimu katika ukuaji wake hadi kuwa kampuni ya kimataifa ya vinyago.<ref name="MLive-blog">{{Rejea habari |url=[https://blog.mlive.com/citpat/2008/07/museum_stuffed_with_history.html](https://blog.mlive.com/citpat/2008/07/museum_stuffed_with_history.html) |title=Museum stuffed with history |access-date=22 Julai 2023 |date=20 Julai 2008 |last=Flory |first=Brad |work=[[MLive Media Group|MLive.com]] |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230722210708/https://www.mlive.com/citpat/2008/07/museum_stuffed_with_history.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20230722210708/https://www.mlive.com/citpat/2008/07/museum_stuffed_with_history.html) |archive-date=22 Julai 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT2">{{Rejea habari |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/14/travel/shopper-s-world-steiff-s-lair-for-bears.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/14/travel/shopper-s-world-steiff-s-lair-for-bears.html) |date=14 Julai 1985 |last=Markham |first=Stephanie Reed |title=Shopper's World; Steiff's Lair For Bears |at=sec. 10 p. 12 |access-date=22 Julai 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1877|1939}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 91ukzmjzjdbyt1rkqtijrbz1ph4hsdr 0 237577 1548438 1548250 2026-05-22T15:06:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger Sweet''' (Aprili 4, 1935 – Aprili 28, 2026) alikuwa mbunifu wa vinyago kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa kazi yake kama mbunifu mkuu katika Idara ya Ubunifu wa Awali ya kampuni ya Mattel. Idara hiyo ilihusika na uundaji wa He-Man na mfululizo wa vinyago wa ''Masters of the Universe'' mwaka 1982. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Roger Sweet alizaliwa katika jimbo la Ohio, Marekani, mwaka 1935.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Roger Sweet |url=[https://sam.nmartmuseum.org/people/833/roger-sweet](https://sam.nmartmuseum.org/people/833/roger-sweet) |access-date=28 Januari 2026 |publisher=[[New Mexico Museum of Art]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Baadaye alijiunga na kampuni ya Mattel ambapo alifanya kazi katika idara ya ubunifu wa awali (Preliminary Design Department). Katika kipindi chake huko, alihusika moja kwa moja katika uundaji wa dhana na muundo wa awali wa mhusika He-Man, ambao baadaye ulipelekea kuanzishwa kwa safu maarufu ya vinyago ya ''Masters of the Universe'' mwaka 1982. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1935|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] tpb5nmr0kmlz9mh6m9ya6ljpef915gc 0 237578 1548415 1548266 2026-05-22T14:44:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Panagiotis Verdes''' ni mvumbuzi kutoka [[Ugiriki]] anayejulikana kwa kuwa wa kwanza kuzalisha kwa wingi mafumbo ya aina ya twisty puzzles ya ukubwa mkubwa kama vile 6x6x6 na 7x7x7. Pia anajulikana kama mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya V-Cube. Verdes amefanya kazi katika kubuni na kuendeleza miundo mipya ya mafumbo yote ya aina ya Rubik’s Cube kuanzia 2x2x2 hadi 11x11x11.<ref name="book">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Slocum |first=Jerry |url=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781579128050](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781579128050) |title=The Cube: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Bestselling Puzzle |publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-57912-805-0 |via=Archive.org |location=United States |url-access=registration}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ugiriki]] oub4q7ht13s2ymav3ffal4ckbqh82xi 0 237579 1548379 1548269 2026-05-22T13:30:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Stanley Weston (Mvumbuzi)]] hadi [[Stanley Weston (mvumbuzi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanley Weston''' (alizaliwa kama '''Stanley Alan Weinstein'''; Aprili 1, 1933 – Mei 1, 2017) alikuwa mvumbuzi na wakala wa leseni (licensing agent) kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa kuunda wazo la kwanza la G.I. Joe mwaka 1963, pamoja na dhana ya jumla ya action figure. Weston alibuni kile alichokiita “outfitted action figures” na baadaye aliuza haki za uvumbuzi wake kwa kampuni ya Hasbro kwa takribani dola 100,000 pekee.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|url=[http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stanley-weston-20170508-story.html|title=Stanley](http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stanley-weston-20170508-story.html|title=Stanley) Weston, who conceived of G.I. Joe but reaped few financial rewards, dies at 84|last=Marble|first=Steve|date=8 Mei 2017|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=28 Mei 2017}}</ref><ref name="polygon">{{cite news|url=[https://www.polygon.com/2017/5/10/15609784/stanley-weston-gi-joe-obituary|title=Stanley](https://www.polygon.com/2017/5/10/15609784/stanley-weston-gi-joe-obituary|title=Stanley) Weston, creator of action figures, dies at 84|last=Good|first=Owen S.|date=10 Mei 2017|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|accessdate=28 Mei 2017}}</ref><ref name=wrap>{{cite news|url=[http://www.thewrap.com/stanley-weston-inventor-g-i-joe-dies/|title=Stanley](http://www.thewrap.com/stanley-weston-inventor-g-i-joe-dies/|title=Stanley) Weston, Creator of 'GI Joe,' and 'Thundercats,' Dies at 84|last=Fuster|first=Jeremy|date=8 Mei 2017|work=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=28 Mei 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1933|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] kq22cv3m4fi7s3ctpeh5onpiljaxsoo 0 237580 1548362 1548273 2026-05-22T13:12:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Vermuyden Wheelhouse''' (12 Desemba 1867 – Tarehe za maisha hutofautiana katika vyanzo.}} alikuwa mchoraji, mchoraji wa vielelezo (illustrator), mtengenezaji wa vinyago, na mwanaharakati wa kupigania haki za wanawake (suffragist) kutoka Uingereza. Alikuwa mwanachama wa mashirika kama Women's International Art Club (WIAC) na Artists' Suffrage League (ASL). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Wheelhouse alizaliwa tarehe 12 Desemba 1867 katika [[Leeds]], West Yorkshire.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-02-04 |title=Suffragette artist and master toymaker gets first solo show, 77 years after her death |url=[https://www.heathrobinsonmuseum.org/suffragette-artist-and-master-toymaker-gets-first-solo-show-77-years-after-her-death/](https://www.heathrobinsonmuseum.org/suffragette-artist-and-master-toymaker-gets-first-solo-show-77-years-after-her-death/) |access-date=13 Aprili 2025 |website=Heath Robinson Museum |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya wasichana watatu, na dada yake mkubwa Ethel Hamerton Wheelhouse (aliyezaliwa 1865) alikuja kuwa mpiga fidla mtaalamu.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mary Vermuyden Wheelhouse (1867-1947) |url=[https://www.chrisbeetles.com/artist/576/mary-vermuyden-wheelhouse](https://www.chrisbeetles.com/artist/576/mary-vermuyden-wheelhouse) |access-date=13 Aprili 2025 |website=Chris Beetles Gallery |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1867|1947}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] fsd2ol1tx19x7f0y9s2kom1zvf08cec 0 237583 1548491 1548277 2026-05-22T16:17:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willy Itobo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Madini katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paris Sportifs Suisse - Les Meilleurs Bookmakers en 2026|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6062hsujgaks979bi25aa8l33auw8fm 0 237584 1548557 1548278 2026-05-22T18:29:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Banks''' (''née'' Alford, 1865 – 1937) alikuwa mwanasayansi wa asili (naturalist) kutoka [[Uingereza]] na mkusanyaji wa magamba ya baharini (shell-collector), na alikuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa Hergest Croft Garden, Kington. Alizaliwa mwaka 1865 akiwa mtoto wa mchungaji Bradley Hurt Alford na mke wake Caroline (''née'' Lyall), na alilelewa mjini London. Dada yake mkubwa alikuwa msomi wa masomo ya kale Margaret Alford.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Personal Papers of Dorothy Banks nee Alford and Margaret Alford - Archives Hub |url=[http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb271-gcppbanks](http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb271-gcppbanks) |access-date=27 Machi 2024 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1865|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] g732euka0ookxoswumwej0dpt9hk26u 0 237585 1548570 1548280 2026-05-22T19:03:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques Lumbala''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Politics in the Congo : decolonization and independence {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/307971|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Kwanza wa Nchi katika Ofisi ya Rais wa Zaire (sasa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) katika serikali ya Patrice Lumumba, iliyodumu kuanzia 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha PNP. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ftovym7tekp0e1a7wemff63b5hvaz34 0 237589 1548358 1548287 2026-05-22T13:09:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marianne Brocklehurst''' (1832–1898) alikuwa msafiri kutoka [[Uingereza]] na mkusanyaji wa vitu vya kale vya Misri. Alisaidia ufadhili wa uchimbaji kadhaa wa kiakiolojia nchini Misri na alitoa sehemu kubwa ya mkusanyiko wake wa vitu vya kale kwa West Park Museum iliyopo Macclesfield. == Maisha ya binafsi == Brocklehurst alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto wanane wa John Brocklehurst , mfanyabiashara tajiri wa hariri (silk manufacturer) kutoka Macclesfield, na mke wake Mary.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Marianne Brocklehurst : benefactor, explorer, artist : her life and times 1832-1898.|last=Whistow|first=Thelma|date=2004|publisher=Macclesfield Museums Trust|isbn=978-1870926447|location=Macclesfield|oclc=56774718}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Bray |first=Jean |title=The Lady of Sudeley |publisher=Long Barn Books |year=2000 |pages=9}}</ref> Familia yao ilianza katika biashara ya kutengeneza vifungo, lakini katika karne ya 19 ilihamia katika biashara ya hariri. Marianne alizaliwa mwaka 1832 na alisafiri sana pamoja na dada yake Emma kuanzia akiwa na umri wa takriban miaka 20. Alikuwa na shauku ya mapema katika akiolojia na upigaji picha.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1832|1898}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] cz0h24whhl9y1i66z8tn4f8f27w1mwb 0 237591 1548504 1548290 2026-05-22T16:26:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548504 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zoé Kabila Mwanza Mbala''' (amezaliwa 26 Juni 1978) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Élections du gouverneur au Tanganyika : Julie Ngungwa de l’UDPS élue|url=https://actualite.cd/2022/05/06/elections-du-gouverneur-au-tanganyika-julie-ngungwa-de-ludps-elue|work=Actualite.cd|date=2022-05-06|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4g6iiy6yh0cd5gcvq8cwtr4vz9igdni 0 237592 1548571 1548293 2026-05-22T19:04:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janet May Buchanan''' (1866 – 8 Agosti 1912) alikuwa mtaalamu wa Misri ya kale (Egyptologist) kutoka [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Juhudi zake za kukusanya vitu vya kale vya Misri zilichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa makusanyo ya Makumbusho ya Glasgow, ambapo takribani robo moja ya vitu vya kale vya Misri vilivyomo katika makusanyo hayo vinatokana na mchango wake.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Janet May Buchanan Scotland's forgotten heroine of Egyptology {{!}} Artefacts of Excavation|url=[http://egyptartefacts.griffith.ox.ac.uk/janet-may-buchanan-scotlands-forgotten-heroine-egyptology|access-date=10](http://egyptartefacts.griffith.ox.ac.uk/janet-may-buchanan-scotlands-forgotten-heroine-egyptology|access-date=10) Septemba 2020|website=egyptartefacts.griffith.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1866|1912}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uskoti]] 8rt4icup588agone3uu3adocgvnwnme 0 237593 1548294 2026-05-22T11:59:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Caroline Flora Burke''' (née Berg; Julai 7, 1913 – Desemba 5, 1964)<ref>{{cite book|author=Doyle, Billy H.|title=The Ultimate Directory of Silent and Sound Era Performers: A Necrology of Actors and Actresses|page=80|year=1999|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-810-83547-4}}</ref> alikuwa mwigizaji, mtayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani (theatre producer), mtayarishaji wa televisheni, mwandishi, na mkusanyaji wa sanaa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alionekana...' 1548294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Flora Burke''' (née Berg; Julai 7, 1913 – Desemba 5, 1964)<ref>{{cite book|author=Doyle, Billy H.|title=The Ultimate Directory of Silent and Sound Era Performers: A Necrology of Actors and Actresses|page=80|year=1999|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-810-83547-4}}</ref> alikuwa mwigizaji, mtayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani (theatre producer), mtayarishaji wa televisheni, mwandishi, na mkusanyaji wa sanaa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alionekana katika filamu kadhaa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1940 kabla ya kuingia katika utayarishaji wa maonyesho mjini New York City, ambapo alijulikana kwa kutayarisha maonyesho kadhaa ya michezo ya [[Harold Pinter]] pamoja na uzalishaji wa Broadway. Pia alifanya kazi kama mtayarishaji katika kampuni ya NBC katika miaka ya 1950, na wakati huo alikuwa mtayarishaji mwanamke pekee katika kampuni hiyo.<ref name=cumberland>{{cite news|work=The Cumberland News|location=Cumberland, Maryland|title=Hollywood|page=28|date=16 Novemba 1951|url=[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/65331206/|via=Newspapers.com}}](https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/65331206/|via=Newspapers.com}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1913|1964}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] o3b71mu0yhw4d219e5brwonda444alv 0 237594 1548295 2026-05-22T12:03:13Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Petronella Dunois''' (1650–1695) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa kutoka [[Uholanzi]], anayejulikana kwa dollhouse yake inayohifadhiwa katika Rijksmuseum mjini [[Amsterdam]]. == Maisha == Baada ya wazazi wao kufariki, Dunois aliishi pamoja na dada yake Maria mjini Amsterdam. Dada hao wawili walikuwa matajiri na kila mmoja aliagiza kutengenezewa dollhouse yake mwenyewe, lakini ni ya Petronella pekee iliyohifadhiwa hadi leo. Dollhouse hiyo ilitajwa kwa mara...' 1548295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petronella Dunois''' (1650–1695) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa kutoka [[Uholanzi]], anayejulikana kwa dollhouse yake inayohifadhiwa katika Rijksmuseum mjini [[Amsterdam]]. == Maisha == Baada ya wazazi wao kufariki, Dunois aliishi pamoja na dada yake Maria mjini Amsterdam. Dada hao wawili walikuwa matajiri na kila mmoja aliagiza kutengenezewa dollhouse yake mwenyewe, lakini ni ya Petronella pekee iliyohifadhiwa hadi leo. Dollhouse hiyo ilitajwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika orodha ya mahari yake mwaka 1677.<ref name=Fock>Fock, C. W., ''[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40381510](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40381510) Het Poppenhuis Van Petronella Dunois]'', Bulletin Van Het Rijksmuseum, vol. 16, no. 3, 1968, pp. 130–133</ref> Mwaka huo huo, Dunois aliolewa na Pieter van Groenendijck, mmoja wa viongozi wa Leiden.<ref name=Fock/> Mbali na dollhouse hiyo, orodha yake ya mahari ilikuwa na vitu vingine vya thamani kama vitambaa vya kifahari na hisa za uwekezaji. Mwaka 1680, picha za wanandoa hao zilichorwa na mchoraji maarufu wa picha kutoka The Hague, Nicolaes Maes. Dollhouse hiyo iliendelea kuhifadhiwa ndani ya familia kupitia ukoo wa wanawake hadi ilipotolewa kwa makumbusho mwaka 1934. Mwaka 1994, makumbusho hayo yaliweza kununua picha za harusi za wamiliki wa awali.<ref>[[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-4888](https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-4888) SK-A-4888] rekodi ya mchoro katika Rijksmuseum</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1650|1695}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] 278opi51o4q61oy6c2edoxn3gxqku7j 0 237595 1548296 2026-05-22T12:04:57Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juvenal Munubo Mubi''' (amezaliwa 1 Julai 1979) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=MUNUBO MUBI Juv|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=munubo-mubi-juv|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jnlzr90iyj2v7nkalw2805n1tktc0o3 0 237596 1548297 2026-05-22T12:05:59Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Puzzle Mansion''' ni makumbusho yaliyopo Tagaytay, Cavite, nchini Ufilipino, ambayo yanahifadhi mkusanyiko mkubwa wa jigsaw puzzle. Kuanzia mwaka 2012 hadi 2017, makumbusho hayo yalitambuliwa na Guinness kuwa na mkusanyiko mkubwa zaidi wa puzzle duniani.<ref name="newest">{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Karen|title=Puzzle Mansion: Tagaytay's newest attraction|url=[http://k2.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/12/10/12/puzzle-mansion-tagaytays-newest-attraction|ac...' 1548297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Puzzle Mansion''' ni makumbusho yaliyopo Tagaytay, Cavite, nchini Ufilipino, ambayo yanahifadhi mkusanyiko mkubwa wa jigsaw puzzle. Kuanzia mwaka 2012 hadi 2017, makumbusho hayo yalitambuliwa na Guinness kuwa na mkusanyiko mkubwa zaidi wa puzzle duniani.<ref name="newest">{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Karen|title=Puzzle Mansion: Tagaytay's newest attraction|url=[http://k2.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/12/10/12/puzzle-mansion-tagaytays-newest-attraction|accessdate=4](http://k2.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/12/10/12/puzzle-mansion-tagaytays-newest-attraction|accessdate=4) Desemba 2016|work=ABS-CBNnews.com|date=10 Desemba 2012}}</ref> Makumbusho hayo yalianzishwa kutokana na mkusanyiko wa Georgina Gil-Lacuna, ambaye alipata rekodi ya dunia ya Guinness mwaka 2012 kwa kuwa na zaidi ya puzzle 1,000 zilizokamilishwa.<ref>([Wikipedia][1])</ref> Puzzle Mansion linaonyesha aina mbalimbali za puzzle, zikiwemo za 2D, 3D, na 4D, pamoja na picha za kazi maarufu za sanaa, mandhari ya asili, na wahusika wa katuni.<ref>([Philstar.com][2])</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Ufilipino]] 3727vn3u02entywgq15ru5y3vn5f6kg 0 237597 1548298 2026-05-22T12:11:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elizabeth Gray''' (alizaliwa kama '''Elizabeth Anderson'''; 21 Februari 1831 – 11 Februari 1924) alikuwa mmoja wa wakusanyaji wa mwanzo wa [[fossil]] kutoka [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Gray aliunda makusanyo ya visukuku yaliyopangwa kisayansi kwa ajili ya makumbusho mbalimbali. == Maisha == Elizabeth Anderson alizaliwa katika Alloway mwaka 1831. Yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Enoch karibu na Girvan huko Ayrshire ambako walijihusisha na kilimo, na Eli...' 1548298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Gray''' (alizaliwa kama '''Elizabeth Anderson'''; 21 Februari 1831 – 11 Februari 1924) alikuwa mmoja wa wakusanyaji wa mwanzo wa [[fossil]] kutoka [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Gray aliunda makusanyo ya visukuku yaliyopangwa kisayansi kwa ajili ya makumbusho mbalimbali. == Maisha == Elizabeth Anderson alizaliwa katika Alloway mwaka 1831. Yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Enoch karibu na Girvan huko Ayrshire ambako walijihusisha na kilimo, na Elizabeth alisoma katika shule ndogo binafsi. Baba yake alielezewa kuwa mkusanyaji mwenye shauku kubwa wa visukuku, na aina moja ya trilobite iliitwa kwa jina lake. Anderson alipelekwa katika shule ya bweni mjini Glasgow akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tano. Alikaa huko kwa mwaka mmoja kisha akarudi nyumbani kusaidia kazi za familia.<ref name=odnbgray>R. J. Cleevely, 'Gray, Elizabeth (1831–1924)', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], 2004 [[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373](http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373), accessed 18 Nov 2015]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1831|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uskoti]] swbccygqm2hepl5efrggxd1cvzbf1uw 1548381 1548298 2026-05-22T13:32:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Elizabeth Gray (Mkusanyaji wa visukuku)]] hadi [[Elizabeth Gray (mkusanyaji wa visukuku)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Gray''' (alizaliwa kama '''Elizabeth Anderson'''; 21 Februari 1831 – 11 Februari 1924) alikuwa mmoja wa wakusanyaji wa mwanzo wa [[fossil]] kutoka [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Gray aliunda makusanyo ya visukuku yaliyopangwa kisayansi kwa ajili ya makumbusho mbalimbali. == Maisha == Elizabeth Anderson alizaliwa katika Alloway mwaka 1831. Yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Enoch karibu na Girvan huko Ayrshire ambako walijihusisha na kilimo, na Elizabeth alisoma katika shule ndogo binafsi. Baba yake alielezewa kuwa mkusanyaji mwenye shauku kubwa wa visukuku, na aina moja ya trilobite iliitwa kwa jina lake. Anderson alipelekwa katika shule ya bweni mjini Glasgow akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tano. Alikaa huko kwa mwaka mmoja kisha akarudi nyumbani kusaidia kazi za familia.<ref name=odnbgray>R. J. Cleevely, 'Gray, Elizabeth (1831–1924)', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], 2004 [[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373](http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373), accessed 18 Nov 2015]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1831|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uskoti]] swbccygqm2hepl5efrggxd1cvzbf1uw 1548383 1548381 2026-05-22T13:32:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1548383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Gray''' (alizaliwa kama '''Elizabeth Anderson'''; 21 Februari 1831 – 11 Februari 1924) alikuwa mmoja wa wakusanyaji wa mwanzo wa [[visukuku]] kutoka [[Uskoti]]. Gray aliunda makusanyo ya visukuku yaliyopangwa kisayansi kwa ajili ya makumbusho mbalimbali. == Maisha == Elizabeth Anderson alizaliwa katika Alloway mwaka 1831. Yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia Enoch karibu na Girvan huko Ayrshire ambako walijihusisha na kilimo, na Elizabeth alisoma katika shule ndogo binafsi. Baba yake alielezewa kuwa mkusanyaji mwenye shauku kubwa wa visukuku, na aina moja ya trilobite iliitwa kwa jina lake. Anderson alipelekwa katika shule ya bweni mjini Glasgow akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tano. Alikaa huko kwa mwaka mmoja kisha akarudi nyumbani kusaidia kazi za familia.<ref name=odnbgray>R. J. Cleevely, 'Gray, Elizabeth (1831–1924)', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], 2004 [[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373](http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54373), accessed 18 Nov 2015]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1831|1924}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uskoti]] a8unx0o1nw04z5qq8vy1kauyzgg0vez 0 237598 1548301 2026-05-22T12:15:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Rawdon-Hastings, Marchioness wa Hastings, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn wa 20''' (alizaliwa kama '''Yelverton'''; 20 Mei 1810 – 18 Novemba 1858) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa visukuku na mwandishi wa masuala ya jiolojia kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha ya awali == Barbara Yelverton alizaliwa Brandon House katika Brandon, Warwickshire. Alikuwa mtoto wa pekee wa Henry Yelverton, 19th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (1780–1810) na mke wake Anna Maria Kellam (1792–187...' 1548301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Rawdon-Hastings, Marchioness wa Hastings, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn wa 20''' (alizaliwa kama '''Yelverton'''; 20 Mei 1810 – 18 Novemba 1858) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa visukuku na mwandishi wa masuala ya jiolojia kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha ya awali == Barbara Yelverton alizaliwa Brandon House katika Brandon, Warwickshire. Alikuwa mtoto wa pekee wa Henry Yelverton, 19th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (1780–1810) na mke wake Anna Maria Kellam (1792–1875). Baba yake alikuwa rafiki wa mshairi Lord Byron, ambaye alimwelezea bibi harusi huyo mpya kama “rustic”.<ref>''Collected Letters of Lord Byron''</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miezi saba, alirithi cheo cha Baroness Grey de Ruthyn baada ya kifo cha baba yake. Maelezo machache yanajulikana kuhusu maisha yake ya utotoni au elimu yake.<ref name=odnb>Dadley, Portia, ''Hastings, Barbara Rawdon [née Barbara Yelverton], marchioness of Hastings and'' suo jure ''Baroness Grey de Ruthin (1810–1858), fossil collector and geological author'' katika ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1810|1858}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] 538zkaq88v84xjps0m82eemo3cpuv97 1548384 1548301 2026-05-22T13:33:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Barbara Rawdon-Hastings,Machi wa kike wa Hastings]] hadi [[Barbara Rawdon-Hastings]]: usahihi wa jina 1548301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Rawdon-Hastings, Marchioness wa Hastings, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn wa 20''' (alizaliwa kama '''Yelverton'''; 20 Mei 1810 – 18 Novemba 1858) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa visukuku na mwandishi wa masuala ya jiolojia kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha ya awali == Barbara Yelverton alizaliwa Brandon House katika Brandon, Warwickshire. Alikuwa mtoto wa pekee wa Henry Yelverton, 19th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (1780–1810) na mke wake Anna Maria Kellam (1792–1875). Baba yake alikuwa rafiki wa mshairi Lord Byron, ambaye alimwelezea bibi harusi huyo mpya kama “rustic”.<ref>''Collected Letters of Lord Byron''</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miezi saba, alirithi cheo cha Baroness Grey de Ruthyn baada ya kifo cha baba yake. Maelezo machache yanajulikana kuhusu maisha yake ya utotoni au elimu yake.<ref name=odnb>Dadley, Portia, ''Hastings, Barbara Rawdon [née Barbara Yelverton], marchioness of Hastings and'' suo jure ''Baroness Grey de Ruthin (1810–1858), fossil collector and geological author'' katika ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1810|1858}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] 538zkaq88v84xjps0m82eemo3cpuv97 0 237599 1548303 2026-05-22T12:18:23Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Norris Hewett''' (takriban 1745 – 22 Desemba 1790; alizaliwa kama '''John Norris Fisher'''; majina mengine baada ya ndoa ni '''Gordon''' na '''Storr''') alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa na msanii wa kujifundisha kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref name="pastellists">{{cite web |url=[http://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Hewett.pdf](http://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Hewett.pdf) |title=Hewett, Mrs John, ''née'' John Norris Fisher |website=Dictionary of Pastellis...' 1548303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Norris Hewett''' (takriban 1745 – 22 Desemba 1790; alizaliwa kama '''John Norris Fisher'''; majina mengine baada ya ndoa ni '''Gordon''' na '''Storr''') alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa na msanii wa kujifundisha kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref name="pastellists">{{cite web |url=[http://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Hewett.pdf](http://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Hewett.pdf) |title=Hewett, Mrs John, ''née'' John Norris Fisher |website=Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800 |first=Neil |last=Jeffares |date=16 Juni 2023}}</ref><ref name="wordpress">{{cite web |url=[https://neiljeffares.wordpress.com/2016/10/19/john-norris-hewett-a-singular-woman/](https://neiljeffares.wordpress.com/2016/10/19/john-norris-hewett-a-singular-woman/) |title=John Norris Hewett, a singular woman |date=19 Oktoba 2016 |first=Neil |last=Jeffares |website=Neil Jeffares [Blog] |publisher=wordpress.com |accessdate=28 Agosti 2017 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1745|1790}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] s5lu3hn7m5ego4eahqxd18cm2xicplz 0 237600 1548304 2026-05-22T12:21:10Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Deb Hoffmann''' (alizaliwa Machi 27, 1965) ni mkusanyaji wa vinyago na kumbukumbu mbalimbali kutoka [[Marekani]] anayeishi Waukesha, Wisconsin. Anatambuliwa na Guinness World Records kwa kuwa na mkusanyiko mkubwa zaidi duniani wa kumbukumbu na bidhaa za Winnie-the-Pooh na marafiki zake.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-pooh-and-friends-memorabilia|title=Largest](http://www.guinnessworldrecords.c...' 1548304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deb Hoffmann''' (alizaliwa Machi 27, 1965) ni mkusanyaji wa vinyago na kumbukumbu mbalimbali kutoka [[Marekani]] anayeishi Waukesha, Wisconsin. Anatambuliwa na Guinness World Records kwa kuwa na mkusanyiko mkubwa zaidi duniani wa kumbukumbu na bidhaa za Winnie-the-Pooh na marafiki zake.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-pooh-and-friends-memorabilia|title=Largest](http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-pooh-and-friends-memorabilia|title=Largest) collection of Winnie the Pooh memorabilia|accessdate=24 Januari 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/8/video-deb-hoffman-and-the-largest-winnie-the-pooh-memorabilia-collection-393333|title=Video](http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/8/video-deb-hoffman-and-the-largest-winnie-the-pooh-memorabilia-collection-393333|title=Video): Deb Hoffman and the largest Winnie the Pooh memorabilia collection|date=21 Agosti 2015|accessdate=24 Januari 2018}}</ref> Hoffmann alianza kukusanya bidhaa za Winnie-the-Pooh tangu utotoni, na mkusanyiko wake umeendelea kukua kwa miaka mingi hadi kufikia zaidi ya vitu 23,000 vya kipekee mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-pooh-and-friends-memorabilia|title=Largest](https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-pooh-and-friends-memorabilia|title=Largest) collection of Winnie the Pooh memorabilia|website=Guinness World Records|access-date=22 Mei 2026}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo unajumuisha wanasesere, saa, vikombe, mavazi, picha, na vitu vingine vinavyohusiana na mhusika huyo maarufu wa watoto. ([Guinness World Records][1]) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] dq5sjumvc3c2pz5l0tljlu1f1dbapyt 0 237601 1548305 2026-05-22T12:24:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Susan Grant Lewin''' ni mkusanyaji wa sanaa, mwandishi wa habari, mtendaji wa mawasiliano, na mtetezi wa ubunifu wa kisasa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mkusanyiko wake wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa mapambo ya kisasa ya sanaa (contemporary art jewelry) pamoja na mkusanyiko wake wa michoro ya usanifu majengo. Kazi kutoka katika makusanyo yake zimeonyeshwa kimataifa na kutolewa kwa taasisi mbalimbali zikiwemo Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Mu...' 1548305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Grant Lewin''' ni mkusanyaji wa sanaa, mwandishi wa habari, mtendaji wa mawasiliano, na mtetezi wa ubunifu wa kisasa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mkusanyiko wake wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa mapambo ya kisasa ya sanaa (contemporary art jewelry) pamoja na mkusanyiko wake wa michoro ya usanifu majengo. Kazi kutoka katika makusanyo yake zimeonyeshwa kimataifa na kutolewa kwa taasisi mbalimbali zikiwemo Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, Yale University Art Gallery, SCAD Museum of Art, na Lowe Art Museum.<ref name="CH">{{cite web |title=Jewelry of Ideas: Gifts from the Susan Grant Lewin Collection |url=[https://www.cooperhewitt.org/channel/jewelry-of-ideas/](https://www.cooperhewitt.org/channel/jewelry-of-ideas/) |website=Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |access-date=19 Novemba 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 7y87mfphw665zx3bgmwtvgqbpyg9nxv 0 237602 1548306 2026-05-22T12:27:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lida, Princess Victor wa Thurn and Taxis''' (née '''Lida Eleanor Nicolls'''; Julai 28, 1875 – Desemba 6, 1965), ambaye pia alijulikana kama '''Princess Lida wa Thurn and Taxis''', alikuwa mwanamke tajiri (millionairess), mtu maarufu wa kijamii (socialite), na mke wa Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYT19110202>{{Citation|last=''[[The New York Times]]'' Staff|title=Becomes Bride of Prince|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|...' 1548306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lida, Princess Victor wa Thurn and Taxis''' (née '''Lida Eleanor Nicolls'''; Julai 28, 1875 – Desemba 6, 1965), ambaye pia alijulikana kama '''Princess Lida wa Thurn and Taxis''', alikuwa mwanamke tajiri (millionairess), mtu maarufu wa kijamii (socialite), na mke wa Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYT19110202>{{Citation|last=''[[The New York Times]]'' Staff|title=Becomes Bride of Prince|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 Novemba 1911|url=[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/02/104787774.pdf|access-date=17](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/02/104787774.pdf|access-date=17) Agosti 2010}}</ref><ref name=NYT19140216>{{Citation|last=''[[The New York Times]]'' Staff|title=American Princess Guards Her Name|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 Februari 1914|url=[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/02/16/100671840.pdf|access-date=17](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/02/16/100671840.pdf|access-date=17) Agosti 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1875|1965}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2rt931zladqo0sbxsc0cft9q27sjorw 1548386 1548306 2026-05-22T13:35:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Princess Lida waThurn naTaxis]] hadi [[Princess Lida wa Thurn na Taxis]]: usahihi wa jina 1548306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lida, Princess Victor wa Thurn and Taxis''' (née '''Lida Eleanor Nicolls'''; Julai 28, 1875 – Desemba 6, 1965), ambaye pia alijulikana kama '''Princess Lida wa Thurn and Taxis''', alikuwa mwanamke tajiri (millionairess), mtu maarufu wa kijamii (socialite), na mke wa Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYT19110202>{{Citation|last=''[[The New York Times]]'' Staff|title=Becomes Bride of Prince|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 Novemba 1911|url=[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/02/104787774.pdf|access-date=17](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/02/104787774.pdf|access-date=17) Agosti 2010}}</ref><ref name=NYT19140216>{{Citation|last=''[[The New York Times]]'' Staff|title=American Princess Guards Her Name|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 Februari 1914|url=[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/02/16/100671840.pdf|access-date=17](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/02/16/100671840.pdf|access-date=17) Agosti 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1875|1965}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2rt931zladqo0sbxsc0cft9q27sjorw 0 237603 1548308 2026-05-22T12:30:52Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Flora E. Lowry''' (''née'' Woods; Septemba 14, 1879 – Aprili 21, 1933) alikuwa mtungaji na mhariri wa antholojia ([[anthology|anthologist]]) kutoka [[Marekani]], katika jimbo la [[Wisconsin]]. Alikuwa mshirika wa American Literary Association. Katika mwanzo wa miaka ya 1900, Flora E. Lowry alikusanya na kupanga kwa utaratibu kazi za waandishi kutoka jimbo la Wisconsin. Lowry alikuwa na kile kinachoelezwa kuwa mkusanyiko wa kibinafsi uliokamilika zaid...' 1548308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flora E. Lowry''' (''née'' Woods; Septemba 14, 1879 – Aprili 21, 1933) alikuwa mtungaji na mhariri wa antholojia ([[anthology|anthologist]]) kutoka [[Marekani]], katika jimbo la [[Wisconsin]]. Alikuwa mshirika wa American Literary Association. Katika mwanzo wa miaka ya 1900, Flora E. Lowry alikusanya na kupanga kwa utaratibu kazi za waandishi kutoka jimbo la Wisconsin. Lowry alikuwa na kile kinachoelezwa kuwa mkusanyiko wa kibinafsi uliokamilika zaidi wa vitabu vya waandishi wa Wisconsin pamoja na taarifa za kina kuhusu waandishi wa jimbo hilo. Mkusanyiko wake huo ulimfanya kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika kuhifadhi urithi wa fasihi ya Wisconsin. Uharakati wake ulisababisha kuanzishwa, kubuniwa, na utekelezaji wa “Hall of Fame for Wisconsin Authors”, jumba la heshima kwa waandishi wa Wisconsin.<ref name="TheCapitalTimes1923">{{cite news |title=Book Collector Leaves |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/image/520381579/?terms=Flora%2BE.%2BLowry](https://www.newspapers.com/image/520381579/?terms=Flora%2BE.%2BLowry) |access-date=3 Machi 2020 |work=The Capital Times |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=16 Juni 1923 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |edition=Public domain |page=7}}</ref><ref name="TheLaCrosseTribune1927">{{cite news |last1=Pammel |first1=L. H. |title=Press and Literary Men |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/image/510867743/?terms=Flora%2BE.%2BLowry](https://www.newspapers.com/image/510867743/?terms=Flora%2BE.%2BLowry) |access-date=3 Machi 2020 |work=The La Crosse Tribune |location=La Crosse, Wisconsin |date=18 Desemba 1927 |page=4}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1879|1933}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 4sm850uhmo1k0ksz85vd2geit6grs6d 0 237604 1548309 2026-05-22T12:33:09Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Munga Mesozi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Posta, Simu na Mawasiliano katika serikali ya Adolphe Muzito kuanzia Oktoba 2008 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Président Joseph Kabila nomme les nouveaux membres du Gouvernement|url=http://www.congoplanete.com/article.jsp?id=45261123|work=www.congoplanete.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr|author=Congo Planète}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Portfolio kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 katika serikali ya Augustin Matata Ponyo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Japani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 26g0oh6u7izarvjhl9f8vy3jd64zfie 1548339 1548309 2026-05-22T12:54:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Munga Mesozi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Posta, Simu na Mawasiliano katika serikali ya Adolphe Muzito kuanzia Oktoba 2008 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le Président Joseph Kabila nomme les nouveaux membres du Gouvernement|url=http://www.congoplanete.com/article.jsp?id=45261123|work=www.congoplanete.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr|author=Congo Planète}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Portfolio kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 katika serikali ya Augustin Matata Ponyo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Japani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nacgwufcxo06jz1rr2a6y6362a9a209 0 237605 1548310 2026-05-22T12:33:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Margaret La Primaudaye Pollen''' (10 Aprili 1838 – takriban 1919), ambaye alijulikana kwa jina la utani '''Minnie''', alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa za mapambo (decorative arts collector) kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">Pollen, Maria Margaret de la Primaudaye (Mrs John Hungerford Pollen), katika ''The Catholic Encyclopedia and its Makers'' (New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1917), p. 139</ref> Akiwa anajulikana pia kama '''M...' 1548310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Margaret La Primaudaye Pollen''' (10 Aprili 1838 – takriban 1919), ambaye alijulikana kwa jina la utani '''Minnie''', alikuwa mkusanyaji wa sanaa za mapambo (decorative arts collector) kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">Pollen, Maria Margaret de la Primaudaye (Mrs John Hungerford Pollen), katika ''The Catholic Encyclopedia and its Makers'' (New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1917), p. 139</ref> Akiwa anajulikana pia kama '''Mrs John Hungerford Pollen''', alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 kama mtaalamu wa historia ya vitambaa na nguo za mapambo (textiles). Alichapisha kitabu chake maarufu *''Seven Centuries of Lace''* mwaka 1908.<ref name="ODNB">{{Cite ODNB|id=35558|title=Pollen, John Hungerford}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1838|1919}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] punsrpmb0fo08b0zb1fz14n5gi70d2y 0 237606 1548314 2026-05-22T12:36:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Josephine Powell''' (15 Mei 1919 – 19 Januari 2007) alikuwa mpiga picha, msafiri, na mkusanyaji wa vitu vya kiethnografia na nguo za kitamaduni kutoka Anatolia, kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake ya kuandika kwa picha maisha ya jamii za vijijini nchini Uturuki, hasa kupitia utafiti na mkusanyiko wa vitu vya kitamaduni kama nguo za jadi na vitu vya kila siku vya matumizi ya kijamii. <ref name="What Josephine Saw">{{cite web | url=[https:/...' 1548314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Powell''' (15 Mei 1919 – 19 Januari 2007) alikuwa mpiga picha, msafiri, na mkusanyaji wa vitu vya kiethnografia na nguo za kitamaduni kutoka Anatolia, kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake ya kuandika kwa picha maisha ya jamii za vijijini nchini Uturuki, hasa kupitia utafiti na mkusanyiko wa vitu vya kitamaduni kama nguo za jadi na vitu vya kila siku vya matumizi ya kijamii. <ref name="What Josephine Saw">{{cite web | url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/world/europe/witness-to-a-fading-lifestyle-on-the-anatolian-plain.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/world/europe/witness-to-a-fading-lifestyle-on-the-anatolian-plain.html) | title=Witness to a Fading Lifestyle on the Anatolian Plain | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=29 Agosti 2012 | access-date=26 Oktoba 2017 | author=Fowler, Susanne | location=Istanbul}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1919|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] n7a0v0ts3ttby9ug089rc8gibqq2whi 1548315 1548314 2026-05-22T12:37:15Z Valuegirl 87699 1548315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Powell''' (15 Mei 1919 – 19 Januari 2007) alikuwa mpiga picha, msafiri, na mkusanyaji wa vitu vya kiethnografia na nguo za kitamaduni kutoka Anatolia, kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake ya kuandika kwa picha maisha ya jamii za vijijini nchini Uturuki, hasa kupitia utafiti na mkusanyiko wa vitu vya kitamaduni kama nguo za jadi na vitu vya kila siku vya matumizi ya kijamii.<ref name="What Josephine Saw">{{cite web | url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/world/europe/witness-to-a-fading-lifestyle-on-the-anatolian-plain.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/world/europe/witness-to-a-fading-lifestyle-on-the-anatolian-plain.html) | title=Witness to a Fading Lifestyle on the Anatolian Plain | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=29 Agosti 2012 | access-date=26 Oktoba 2017 | author=Fowler, Susanne | location=Istanbul}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1919|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] sei6xllgvtq2z897ojmav5z1upqf4jw 0 237607 1548316 2026-05-22T12:40:46Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Joseph Kasonga Mukuta''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f7ly4bbtdp4lkoj7uij4y6xwiz50wkd 1548574 1548316 2026-05-22T19:05:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Joseph Kasonga Mukuta''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gdp7mkzqtevh9didzsoqrx4jctznt04 1549025 1548574 2026-05-23T11:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Joseph Kasonga Mukuta''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hpp4oeeb512ak3ksmtq16g82pszjxm6 0 237608 1548317 2026-05-22T12:41:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Henrietta Antonia Clive, Countess wa Powis''' (née Herbert; 3 Septemba 1758 – 3 Juni 1830) alikuwa mwandishi, mkusanyaji wa madini (mineral collector), na mtaalamu wa mimea ([[botany|botanist]]) kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Ukaaji wake nchini India, alipokuwa mume wake akiwa Gavana wa Madras, ulimhamasisha sana katika shughuli zake zote tatu za uandishi, ukusanyaji wa madini, na utafiti wa mimea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CLIVE, HENRIETTA ANTONIA (1758 - 1830)...' 1548317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henrietta Antonia Clive, Countess wa Powis''' (née Herbert; 3 Septemba 1758 – 3 Juni 1830) alikuwa mwandishi, mkusanyaji wa madini (mineral collector), na mtaalamu wa mimea ([[botany|botanist]]) kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Ukaaji wake nchini India, alipokuwa mume wake akiwa Gavana wa Madras, ulimhamasisha sana katika shughuli zake zote tatu za uandishi, ukusanyaji wa madini, na utafiti wa mimea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CLIVE, HENRIETTA ANTONIA (1758 - 1830), traveller and scientific collector {{!}} Dictionary of Welsh Biography |url=[https://biography.wales/article/s12-CLIV-ANT-1758](https://biography.wales/article/s12-CLIV-ANT-1758) |access-date=1 Julai 2024 |website=biography.wales |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1758|1830}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] n6u9tdjdsfktlgf0hzc59x48p8q29yz 1548567 1548317 2026-05-22T18:54:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henrietta Antonia Clive, Countess wa Powis''' (née Herbert; 3 Septemba 1758 – 3 Juni 1830) alikuwa mwandishi, mkusanyaji wa madini (mineral collector), na mtaalamu wa mimea ([[botany|botanist]]) kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Ukaaji wake nchini India, alipokuwa mume wake akiwa Gavana wa Madras, ulimhamasisha sana katika shughuli zake zote tatu za uandishi, ukusanyaji wa madini, na utafiti wa mimea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=CLIVE, HENRIETTA ANTONIA (1758 - 1830), traveller and scientific collector {{!}} Dictionary of Welsh Biography |url=[https://biography.wales/article/s12-CLIV-ANT-1758](https://biography.wales/article/s12-CLIV-ANT-1758) |access-date=1 Julai 2024 |website=biography.wales |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1758|1830}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] awaxz7vx9ndxxjx0veuy9jacutnci7d 0 237609 1548321 2026-05-22T12:45:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mark Miller (Mpiganaji wa kickboxing)]] hadi [[Mark Miller (mpiganaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548321 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mark Miller (mpiganaji)]] mxgkdufj7f7cpbcro8ccegu4kyp7gtj 0 237610 1548324 2026-05-22T12:46:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mighty Mo (mpiganaji wa kickboxing)]] hadi [[Mighty Mo (mpiganaji)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548324 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mighty Mo (mpiganaji)]] s2ng6qsg7yq47f82202ux2bepx7o6wl 0 237611 1548325 2026-05-22T12:46:32Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eleonore von Raab''' (pia alijulikana kama '''Éléonore de Raab''') (1755 – takriban 1811) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa madini (minerals) kutoka [[Austria]]. Mkusanyiko wake wa madini ulifanyiwa katalogi na mwanasayansi Ignaz von Born mwaka 1790. == Maisha ya binafsi == Von Raab alikuwa binti wa Franz Anton von Raab (ingawa Wilson<ref name=wilson>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Wendell E. |title=Fifty-four early mineral collection catalogs–Part III...' 1548325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleonore von Raab''' (pia alijulikana kama '''Éléonore de Raab''') (1755 – takriban 1811) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa madini (minerals) kutoka [[Austria]]. Mkusanyiko wake wa madini ulifanyiwa katalogi na mwanasayansi Ignaz von Born mwaka 1790. == Maisha ya binafsi == Von Raab alikuwa binti wa Franz Anton von Raab (ingawa Wilson<ref name=wilson>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Wendell E. |title=Fifty-four early mineral collection catalogs–Part III (amended): [34] Catalog of Eleonore DeRaab (1741–1793?) |journal=[[Axis (journal)|Axis]] |date=3 Mei 2006 |url=[https://cdn.mineralogicalrecord.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/pdfs/Highlights-from-Record-Library-III-B.pdf](https://cdn.mineralogicalrecord.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/pdfs/Highlights-from-Record-Library-III-B.pdf) |access-date=25 Julai 2022}}</ref> anamtaja baba yake kama Bartholomeus Raab). Aliolewa na balozi wa Hispania della Huerta,<ref name=schuh /> au Friedrich von Uberta<ref name=wilson /> na wakati mwingine alijulikana kama “Frau von Uberta”.<ref name=schuh /> Huber na Huber katika utafiti wao wa 2015 kuhusu mkusanyiko wake wanampa tarehe za maisha kama “1755–takriban 1811”, ingawa walikuwa wamewahi kuandika (2009) kuwa “inawezekana aliishi kuanzia takriban 1745 hadi takriban 1830”. Wilson anatoa tarehe kama “(1741–1793?)”,<ref name=wilson /> huku Schuh akimtaja tu kama “(aliyeonekana kufanya kazi miaka ya 1790s)”.<ref name="schuh">{{cite web |title=Born Ignaz von |url=[https://mineralogicalrecord.com/new_biobibliography/born-ignaz-von/](https://mineralogicalrecord.com/new_biobibliography/born-ignaz-von/) |website=Schuh's Annotated Bio-Bibliography|publisher=The Mineralogical Record |access-date=25 Julai 2022}}</ref> Alifariki katika [[Valencia]], Hispania.<ref name=blko>{{cite wikisource |title=BLKÖ:Raab, Franz Anton Ritter von|wslanguage=de |work=[[Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1755|1811}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] 7mgbeewxvakvphpeww0ziafx56wl964 0 237612 1548328 2026-05-22T12:48:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ellen G. K. Rubin''' ni mkusanyaji wa vitabu vya aina ya pop-up na vitabu vinavyohamishika (movable books) kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''“Popuplady”'''. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mkusanyiko wake wa zaidi ya vitabu 12,000, ukiwemo zaidi ya 1,000 vilivyotengenezwa na mhandisi wa karatasi kutoka Jamhuri ya Czech Vojtěch Kubašta, pamoja na kazi zake za utafiti na mihadhara kuhusu historia ya vitabu vya pop-up na movable books.<re...' 1548328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen G. K. Rubin''' ni mkusanyaji wa vitabu vya aina ya pop-up na vitabu vinavyohamishika (movable books) kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''“Popuplady”'''. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mkusanyiko wake wa zaidi ya vitabu 12,000, ukiwemo zaidi ya 1,000 vilivyotengenezwa na mhandisi wa karatasi kutoka Jamhuri ya Czech Vojtěch Kubašta, pamoja na kazi zake za utafiti na mihadhara kuhusu historia ya vitabu vya pop-up na movable books.<ref name="Atlas Obscura">{{cite web |last1=Philip |first1=Lizzie |title=A Visit With the Popuplady |url=[https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/see-the-popuplady-collection](https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/see-the-popuplady-collection) |website=Atlas Obscura |access-date=17 Januari 2021 |language=en |date=26 Julai 2018}}</ref><ref name="Toy Tales">{{cite web |title=Collector Spotlight: Ellen G. K. Rubin |url=[https://toytales.ca/collector-spotlight-ellen-g-k-rubin/](https://toytales.ca/collector-spotlight-ellen-g-k-rubin/) |website=Toy Tales |access-date=17 Januari 2021 |date=26 Oktoba 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] gv907p8zyxiy9bnt9ve97clfae1fwg4 0 237613 1548330 2026-05-22T12:51:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ysabel Birkbeck (Mtengenezaji wa toys)]] hadi [[Ysabel Elwes Birkbeck]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548330 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ysabel Elwes Birkbeck]] mbcv9jcv08jr3fgelj9vg0uuphi3lt0 0 237614 1548335 2026-05-22T12:53:54Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arlene Schnitzer''' (alizaliwa '''Director'''; Januari 10, 1929 – Aprili 4, 2020) alikuwa mlinzi wa sanaa na mfadhili wa [[Marekani|Kiamerika]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa Fountain Gallery, lililoanzishwa Portland kuonyesha kazi za wasanii wa Kaskazini-Magharibi ya Pasifiki. Yeye ndiye aliyepewa jina la Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, kituo cha sanaa za maonesho kilichopo [[Portland, Oregon]]. == Maisha na taaluma == Schnitzer alizaliwa na S...' 1548335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arlene Schnitzer''' (alizaliwa '''Director'''; Januari 10, 1929 – Aprili 4, 2020) alikuwa mlinzi wa sanaa na mfadhili wa [[Marekani|Kiamerika]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa Fountain Gallery, lililoanzishwa Portland kuonyesha kazi za wasanii wa Kaskazini-Magharibi ya Pasifiki. Yeye ndiye aliyepewa jina la Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, kituo cha sanaa za maonesho kilichopo [[Portland, Oregon]]. == Maisha na taaluma == Schnitzer alizaliwa na Simon na Helen (Holtzman) Director katika [[Salem, Oregon]], tarehe Januari 10, 1929.<ref name=AAA>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-arlene-schnitzer-12776|title=](http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-arlene-schnitzer-12776|title=) Oral history interview with Arlene Schnitzer, 1985 June 7-8|publisher=[[Archives of American Art]]}} Kumbuka: Mahojiano ya historia simulizi na Arlene Schnitzer, Juni 7–8, 1985, Archives of American Art, [[Smithsonian Institution]].</ref> Wazazi wake walikuwa Wayahudi wahamiaji, baba yake akitoka Chartoriysk, Urusi, na mama yake kutoka Warsaw, Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/666370|title=History](https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/666370|title=History) | Director Park | the City of Portland, Oregon|access-date=2020-04-05|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200814233212/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/666370|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20200814233212/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/666370|url-status=dead}})</ref> Aliishi Salem hadi alipokuwa na umri wa miaka miwili, wakati wazazi wake walipohamia [[Portland, Oregon]]. Familia hiyo kwanza iliishi katika kitongoji cha Grant Park. Schnitzer alisoma katika Fernwood Grammar School.<ref name=AAA/> Kuanzia darasa la nne hadi la saba, alisoma Laurelhurst Grammar School. Baada ya kuhama tena, alisoma Multnomah Grammar School, shule aliyohitimu kutoka humo.<ref name=AAA/> Schnitzer alikumbuka “kukulia katika biashara ya rejareja”; wazazi wake walikuwa wamiliki wa Jennings Furniture Company, duka kubwa la samani.<ref name=AAA/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2020}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ezceaktv65fpfy693g195gxp0cl3b6c 0 237615 1548337 2026-05-22T12:54:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tony Fisher (mtengenezaji wa machezeo ya pazo)]] hadi [[Tony Fisher]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548337 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tony Fisher]] hwrxcuen51r0oe010yebupgz1l9rt0p 0 237616 1548343 2026-05-22T12:56:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandy Schreier''' ni mwanahistoria wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji wa mavazi ya haute couture (nguo za mitindo ya juu), akiwa na zaidi ya vipande 15,000. Amekuwa akijulikana kama “mkusanyaji mkubwa zaidi binafsi duniani wa mavazi ya haute couture”.<ref name="AnOther">{{Cite news |last1=Singer |first1=Olivia |title=Sandy Schreier: A Detroit Legend |url=[http://www.anothermag.com/design-living/7263/sandy-schreier-a-detroit-legend](http://www....' 1548343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandy Schreier''' ni mwanahistoria wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji wa mavazi ya haute couture (nguo za mitindo ya juu), akiwa na zaidi ya vipande 15,000. Amekuwa akijulikana kama “mkusanyaji mkubwa zaidi binafsi duniani wa mavazi ya haute couture”.<ref name="AnOther">{{Cite news |last1=Singer |first1=Olivia |title=Sandy Schreier: A Detroit Legend |url=[http://www.anothermag.com/design-living/7263/sandy-schreier-a-detroit-legend](http://www.anothermag.com/design-living/7263/sandy-schreier-a-detroit-legend) |accessdate=May 4, 2019 |work=AnOther |date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Mapenzi yake ya mitindo yalianza akiwa mtoto alipokwenda na baba yake, ambaye alikuwa fundi manyoya (furrier), kwenye duka la Russeks ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi. Amekuwa akikopesha vitu kutoka kwenye mkusanyiko wake kwa makumbusho mbalimbali duniani, lakini hafichui mahali mkusanyiko wake ulipo ili kuepuka matatizo na bima. == Maisha ya awali == Schreier alizaliwa na kukulia Detroit, Michigan, Marekani, akiwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu wa Edward na Molly Miller. Baba yake, Edward Miller, alikuwa fundi manyoya aliyefanya kazi katika duka la Russeks. Katika miaka ya 1930, kampuni ya Russeks ilimhamishia Detroit walipofungua tawi jipya. Mapenzi yake ya mitindo yalianza akiwa mtoto, alipokuwa akiandamana na baba yake kwenda kazini kwenye Russeks siku za Jumamosi.<ref name="AnOther" /> Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan.<ref name="AnOther" /> == Kazi na mkusanyiko wa mitindo == Kwa miaka mingi, Schreier amekusanya zaidi ya vipande 15,000 vya mavazi ya haute couture, ikiwemo nguo, mikoba, viatu, manyoya na michoro ya wabunifu. Ameonyesha kuwa haavai vipande hivyo, bali huzichukulia kama kazi za sanaa na huzikopesha kwenye maonyesho ya makumbusho mbalimbali duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |title=In Pursuit of Fashion: The Sandy Schreier Collection |publisher=Smithsonian Magazine |url=[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mets-costume-institute-will-exhibit-fashions-donated-little-known-couture-collector-180972721/](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mets-costume-institute-will-exhibit-fashions-donated-little-known-couture-collector-180972721/) |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake umejumuisha mavazi ya wabunifu mashuhuri kama Christian Dior, Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld na Cristóbal Balenciaga, pamoja na mavazi ya kihistoria yaliyovaliwa na watu maarufu katika tasnia ya burudani. Vipande kutoka mkusanyiko wake vimeonyeshwa katika makumbusho kama vile Louvre, Victoria and Albert Museum, Hermitage, Metropolitan Museum of Art na Art Institute of Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Pursuit of Fashion: The Sandy Schreier Collection |url=[https://www.metmuseum.org/press-releases/in-pursuit-of-fashion-2019-exhibitions](https://www.metmuseum.org/press-releases/in-pursuit-of-fashion-2019-exhibitions) |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Schreier ameelezwa pia kuwa ameandika vitabu kuhusu historia ya mitindo ya Hollywood, na anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa watu waliosaidia kuhifadhi mitindo kama sehemu ya urithi wa sanaa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] raybqi4tr9bv30bjex3pikrvyuqajlu 1548446 1548343 2026-05-22T15:14:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandy Schreier''' ni mwanahistoria wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji wa mavazi ya haute couture (nguo za mitindo ya juu), akiwa na zaidi ya vipande 15,000. Amekuwa akijulikana kama “mkusanyaji mkubwa zaidi binafsi duniani wa mavazi ya haute couture”.<ref name="AnOther">{{Rejea habari |last1=Singer |first1=Olivia |title=Sandy Schreier: A Detroit Legend |url=[http://www.anothermag.com/design-living/7263/sandy-schreier-a-detroit-legend](http://www.anothermag.com/design-living/7263/sandy-schreier-a-detroit-legend) |accessdate=May 4, 2019 |work=AnOther |date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Mapenzi yake ya mitindo yalianza akiwa mtoto alipokwenda na baba yake, ambaye alikuwa fundi manyoya (furrier), kwenye duka la Russeks ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi. Amekuwa akikopesha vitu kutoka kwenye mkusanyiko wake kwa makumbusho mbalimbali duniani, lakini hafichui mahali mkusanyiko wake ulipo ili kuepuka matatizo na bima. == Maisha ya awali == Schreier alizaliwa na kukulia Detroit, Michigan, Marekani, akiwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu wa Edward na Molly Miller. Baba yake, Edward Miller, alikuwa fundi manyoya aliyefanya kazi katika duka la Russeks. Katika miaka ya 1930, kampuni ya Russeks ilimhamishia Detroit walipofungua tawi jipya. Mapenzi yake ya mitindo yalianza akiwa mtoto, alipokuwa akiandamana na baba yake kwenda kazini kwenye Russeks siku za Jumamosi.<ref name="AnOther" /> Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan.<ref name="AnOther" /> == Kazi na mkusanyiko wa mitindo == Kwa miaka mingi, Schreier amekusanya zaidi ya vipande 15,000 vya mavazi ya haute couture, ikiwemo nguo, mikoba, viatu, manyoya na michoro ya wabunifu. Ameonyesha kuwa haavai vipande hivyo, bali huzichukulia kama kazi za sanaa na huzikopesha kwenye maonyesho ya makumbusho mbalimbali duniani.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=In Pursuit of Fashion: The Sandy Schreier Collection |publisher=Smithsonian Magazine |url=[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mets-costume-institute-will-exhibit-fashions-donated-little-known-couture-collector-180972721/](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mets-costume-institute-will-exhibit-fashions-donated-little-known-couture-collector-180972721/) |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake umejumuisha mavazi ya wabunifu mashuhuri kama Christian Dior, Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld na Cristóbal Balenciaga, pamoja na mavazi ya kihistoria yaliyovaliwa na watu maarufu katika tasnia ya burudani. Vipande kutoka mkusanyiko wake vimeonyeshwa katika makumbusho kama vile Louvre, Victoria and Albert Museum, Hermitage, Metropolitan Museum of Art na Art Institute of Chicago.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=In Pursuit of Fashion: The Sandy Schreier Collection |url=[https://www.metmuseum.org/press-releases/in-pursuit-of-fashion-2019-exhibitions](https://www.metmuseum.org/press-releases/in-pursuit-of-fashion-2019-exhibitions) |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Schreier ameelezwa pia kuwa ameandika vitabu kuhusu historia ya mitindo ya Hollywood, na anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa watu waliosaidia kuhifadhi mitindo kama sehemu ya urithi wa sanaa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] d6p6unyj37w8w0w903i3k7tbtgkccso 0 237617 1548345 2026-05-22T12:58:45Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Clara Johnson Scroggins''' alikuwa mkusanyaji na mwandishi wa vitabu kuhusu mapambo ya Krismasi (Christmas ornaments), na alitambuliwa kama mtaalamu mkubwa katika fani hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Ruth |title=DATED ORNAMENTS ON COLLECTORS' LIST |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/nyregion/dated-ornaments-on-collectors-list.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/nyregion/dated-ornaments-on-collectors-list.html) |accessdate=17 Sept...' 1548345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clara Johnson Scroggins''' alikuwa mkusanyaji na mwandishi wa vitabu kuhusu mapambo ya Krismasi (Christmas ornaments), na alitambuliwa kama mtaalamu mkubwa katika fani hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Ruth |title=DATED ORNAMENTS ON COLLECTORS' LIST |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/nyregion/dated-ornaments-on-collectors-list.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/nyregion/dated-ornaments-on-collectors-list.html) |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=New York Times |date=12 December 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Talley |first1=Olive |title=She goes to the bank before decking the halls |publisher=The Hartford Courant |date=11 December 1983 |page=E9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Ruth |title=Christmas ornament collection: A keepsake for friends & family |work=Atlanta Daily World |date=15 December 1987 |page=2}}</ref> Alikuwa na mkusanyiko mkubwa wa zaidi ya vipande 20,000 hadi zaidi ya 250,000 vya mapambo ya Krismasi katika vipindi tofauti vya maisha yake, na vitabu vyake vilijikita zaidi kwenye historia, thamani, na ukusanyaji wa mapambo ya Hallmark Keepsake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clara Johnson Scroggins |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Johnson_Scroggins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Johnson_Scroggins) |publisher=Wikipedia |accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Scroggins alianza kukusanya mapambo ya Krismasi mwaka 1972 baada ya kifo cha ghafla cha mume wake muda mfupi kabla ya Krismasi. Alieleza kwamba alihitaji kitu kitakachomshughulisha na kumsaidia kukabiliana na huzuni, ndipo akaanza kununua na kutafuta mapambo adimu ya Krismasi, akianza na msalaba wa fedha wa Reed and Barton.<ref>{{cite news |title=Collecting Memories: Ornament collectors begin the hunt early |work=Tampa Tribune |date=23 July 1998}}</ref> Baada ya muda mfupi, alikusanya karibu vipande 1,000 na baadaye mkusanyiko wake ukakua kwa kasi hadi kufikia makumi ya maelfu na hatimaye mamia ya maelfu ya vitu. Mkusanyiko wake ulijumuisha bidhaa kutoka kampuni mbalimbali maarufu za mapambo na vito, na alijulikana kwa kuandika na kuelimisha kuhusu thamani na historia ya mapambo hayo.<ref>{{cite news |title=Decorating the Christmas Tree Is Big Business |work=Los Angeles Times |date=15 December 1994 |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-15-fi-9435-story.html}}](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-15-fi-9435-story.html}})</ref> Scroggins pia aliandika vitabu kadhaa vya mwongozo wa wakusanyaji, hasa kuhusu mfululizo wa Hallmark Keepsake Ornaments, ambavyo vilitumika kama marejeo kwa wakusanyaji na wataalamu wa mapambo ya Krismasi. Ameelezwa pia kama mmoja wa watu waliokuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kukuza na kuandikisha historia ya tasnia ya mapambo ya Krismasi Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Christmas ornament |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_ornament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_ornament) |accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2019}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] lkb9xjilmacem42enula8hwgly04uik 0 237618 1548346 2026-05-22T13:00:52Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mildred Seeley''' (1918 – 10 Desemba 2001) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa wanasesere (dolls), mjasiriamali katika sekta ya wanasesere, na mwandishi mahiri kuhusu utengenezaji wa wanasesere na ukusanyaji wa wanasesere. == Maisha na kazi == Mildred Seeley aliishi katika “kijiji kidogo kaskazini mwa Jimbo la New York” na pia huko Green Valley, Arizona. Hakuwahi kutembelea nchi ambako wanasesere wake waliopenda walitengenezwa. Hata hivyo, aliweza kujenga “m...' 1548346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mildred Seeley''' (1918 – 10 Desemba 2001) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa wanasesere (dolls), mjasiriamali katika sekta ya wanasesere, na mwandishi mahiri kuhusu utengenezaji wa wanasesere na ukusanyaji wa wanasesere. == Maisha na kazi == Mildred Seeley aliishi katika “kijiji kidogo kaskazini mwa Jimbo la New York” na pia huko Green Valley, Arizona. Hakuwahi kutembelea nchi ambako wanasesere wake waliopenda walitengenezwa. Hata hivyo, aliweza kujenga “mtandao wa kimataifa wa wapenzi wa wanasesere na mkusanyiko wa wanasesere wa kiwango cha kimataifa.”<ref name="vanpatten">{{cite web | last = Van Patten | first = Denise | title = The Family Dolls of Mildred Seeley To Be Sold at Las Vegas Theriault's Auction | work = Doll Collecting Guide | publisher = About.com | url = [http://collectdolls.about.com/od/auctions/a/seeleyauction2.htm](http://collectdolls.about.com/od/auctions/a/seeleyauction2.htm) | access-date = 18 August 2009}}</ref> Anatambuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kama nguvu kuu iliyosaidia kuinua hadhi ya ukusanyaji wa wanasesere wa kale (antique dolls) na kuongeza thamani ya wanasesere hao katika soko. Mwaka 1986, Mildred Seeley alianzisha wazo la kuadhimisha Jumamosi ya pili ya mwezi Juni kama “World Doll Day”. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] dcl2qkzzy13i0lj70mu6gak0lff4a52 0 237619 1548347 2026-05-22T13:01:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Axel Prip''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Jack Prip'''; [[1922]] – [[2009]]) alikuwa mfua vyuma , mbunifu , na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[New York]] na kukulia [[Udeni]]. Alijulikana kwa kuweka viwango vya ubora katika ufundi chuma wa Marekani. Muundo wake wa "Dimension" wa seti ya chai na kahawa uliojengwa na ''Reed & Barton Company'' ulitokana na umbo la kitunguu. Baadhi ya miundo yake bado inazalishwa hadi leo. Alifundisha katika...' 1548347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Axel Prip''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Jack Prip'''; [[1922]] – [[2009]]) alikuwa mfua vyuma , mbunifu , na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[New York]] na kukulia [[Udeni]]. Alijulikana kwa kuweka viwango vya ubora katika ufundi chuma wa Marekani. Muundo wake wa "Dimension" wa seti ya chai na kahawa uliojengwa na ''Reed & Barton Company'' ulitokana na umbo la kitunguu. Baadhi ya miundo yake bado inazalishwa hadi leo. Alifundisha katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Rochester na alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa Shop One.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last1=Koplos|first1=Janet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7rqCQAAQBAJ|title=Makers: A History of American Studio Craft|last2=Metcalf|first2=Bruce|date=2010-07-31|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-9583-2|pages=338|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] 55a8ebst74ih113hxdxjn0x82hclhi5 1548577 1548347 2026-05-22T19:09:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Axel Prip''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Jack Prip'''; [[1922]] – [[2009]]) alikuwa mfua vyuma , mbunifu , na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[New York]] na kukulia [[Udeni]]. Alijulikana kwa kuweka viwango vya ubora katika ufundi chuma wa Marekani. Muundo wake wa "Dimension" wa seti ya chai na kahawa uliojengwa na ''Reed & Barton Company'' ulitokana na umbo la kitunguu. Baadhi ya miundo yake bado inazalishwa hadi leo. Alifundisha katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Rochester na alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa Shop One.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea kitabu|last1=Koplos|first1=Janet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7rqCQAAQBAJ|title=Makers: A History of American Studio Craft|last2=Metcalf|first2=Bruce|date=2010-07-31|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-9583-2|pages=338|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] r7pvkmoewi873u5t0o6t0aykhu705pk 0 237620 1548349 2026-05-22T13:01:56Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luc Amuri wa Mukulu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 25 Novemba 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Taifa na Mashujaa wa vita katika serikali ya pili ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congo Vision : Nouvelles visions pour le Congo et l'Afrique|url=http://www.congovision.com/nouvelles/remaniement261107.html|work=www.congovision.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nfqu2304crefjzpecz6f8mybjni9abs 1548597 1548349 2026-05-22T19:48:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luc Amuri wa Mukulu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 25 Novemba 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Taifa na Mashujaa wa vita katika serikali ya pili ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo Vision : Nouvelles visions pour le Congo et l'Afrique|url=http://www.congovision.com/nouvelles/remaniement261107.html|work=www.congovision.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ou2ycffsw3nli8bm4gvjkdp5f2gh7t0 0 237621 1548351 2026-05-22T13:04:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yatin Patel''' ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Orlando, Florida]]. Alitoka [[Uhindi]].<ref>[http://chartcharityart.com/?p=2420 chARTing Yatin Patel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116031118/http://chartcharityart.com/?p=2420 |date=16 November 2011 }} ''chART charity art''. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref> Patel alianzisha kampuni kadhaa za mtandao na akafanya kazi ya sanaa kama taaluma yake. Alizindua mfulu...' 1548351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yatin Patel''' ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Orlando, Florida]]. Alitoka [[Uhindi]].<ref>[http://chartcharityart.com/?p=2420 chARTing Yatin Patel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116031118/http://chartcharityart.com/?p=2420 |date=16 November 2011 }} ''chART charity art''. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref> Patel alianzisha kampuni kadhaa za mtandao na akafanya kazi ya sanaa kama taaluma yake. Alizindua mfululizo wa picha unaoitwa "Sutra" mwaka [[2011]]. Kazi yake ililenga katika wigo wa jamii, utamaduni na historia ya Uhindi. Pia anajihusisha na uhisani kwa kushirikiana na mashirika kama Boy Scouts of America na March of Dimes.<ref>[http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4294-creativity-boosts-business-success.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520103535/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4294-creativity-boosts-business-success.html |date=20 May 2013 }} ''Business News Daily''. Retrieved 8 April 2013</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 58b7rfs9rggbuk9dmc9bs8nvtzulibi 0 237622 1548352 2026-05-22T13:04:32Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josué Alex Mukendi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aligombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2011, akiwa amewasilisha rasmi ugombea wake tarehe 28 Novemba 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC-Présidentielle 2011: Josué-Alex Mukendi explique le sens de sa candidature|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2011/09/13/rdc-presidentielle-2011-josue-alex-mukendi-explique-le-sens-de-sa-candidature|work=Radio Okapi|date=2011-09-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> Anaishi Mont Ngafula, Kinshasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 99rlubyquvmpb7t94qg1wsdxv9o0xf6 1548579 1548352 2026-05-22T19:11:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josué Alex Mukendi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Aligombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2011, akiwa amewasilisha rasmi ugombea wake tarehe 28 Novemba 2011.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RDC-Présidentielle 2011: Josué-Alex Mukendi explique le sens de sa candidature|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2011/09/13/rdc-presidentielle-2011-josue-alex-mukendi-explique-le-sens-de-sa-candidature|work=Radio Okapi|date=2011-09-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> Anaishi Mont Ngafula, Kinshasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j4nuzxvazarsvkh4koqwlrr5nlga7kl 0 237623 1548357 2026-05-22T13:08:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gene Packwood''' (alizaliwa [[1928]]) ni [[msanii]] na mchora katuni za kisiasa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifunika [[Vita vya Korea]] kwa michoro na alifanya katuni za kisiasa kwa gazeti la Leesburg, [[Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20190706/lake-vet-recorded-korean-war-with-sketchbook-in-hand|title=Lake vet recorded Korean War with sketchbook in hand|first=Keith |last=Oliver|website=Daily Commercial}}</ref> Alijiunga na...' 1548357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gene Packwood''' (alizaliwa [[1928]]) ni [[msanii]] na mchora katuni za kisiasa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifunika [[Vita vya Korea]] kwa michoro na alifanya katuni za kisiasa kwa gazeti la Leesburg, [[Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20190706/lake-vet-recorded-korean-war-with-sketchbook-in-hand|title=Lake vet recorded Korean War with sketchbook in hand|first=Keith |last=Oliver|website=Daily Commercial}}</ref> Alijiunga na wanamaji mwaka [[1948]] na alichora katuni za ucheshi kwa majarida ya wanamaji<ref name=orl>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1998-10-07-9810060812-story.html|title=ART IS A JOURNEY FOR CARTOONIST|first=Sara|last=Sheckler|website=OrlandoSentinel.com}}</ref>. Mwaka [[1998]], Lake Eustis Museum of Art ilionyesha katuni zake 200. Alichora katuni ya Gavana wa Florida [[Lawton Chiles]] akikata bata wakiwakilisha vitu vya line-item veto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://exhibits.lib.usf.edu/exhibits/show/poison-pens/century-end/packwood|title=Art of the Poison Pens: A Century of American Political Cartoons : Gene Packwood · USF Library Special & Digital Collections Exhibits|website=exhibits.lib.usf.edu}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 987iiesjupds5lawx7nds8kc5gtbnf5 1548562 1548357 2026-05-22T18:45:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gene Packwood''' (alizaliwa [[1928]]) ni [[msanii]] na mchora katuni za kisiasa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifunika [[Vita vya Korea]] kwa michoro na alifanya katuni za kisiasa kwa gazeti la Leesburg, [[Florida]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20190706/lake-vet-recorded-korean-war-with-sketchbook-in-hand|title=Lake vet recorded Korean War with sketchbook in hand|first=Keith |last=Oliver|website=Daily Commercial}}</ref> Alijiunga na wanamaji mwaka [[1948]] na alichora katuni za ucheshi kwa majarida ya wanamaji<ref name=orl>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1998-10-07-9810060812-story.html|title=ART IS A JOURNEY FOR CARTOONIST|first=Sara|last=Sheckler|website=OrlandoSentinel.com}}</ref>. Mwaka [[1998]], Lake Eustis Museum of Art ilionyesha katuni zake 200. Alichora katuni ya Gavana wa Florida [[Lawton Chiles]] akikata bata wakiwakilisha vitu vya line-item veto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://exhibits.lib.usf.edu/exhibits/show/poison-pens/century-end/packwood|title=Art of the Poison Pens: A Century of American Political Cartoons : Gene Packwood · USF Library Special & Digital Collections Exhibits|website=exhibits.lib.usf.edu}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t0phzxl1f4l43fir81460soboscjbje 1548805 1548562 2026-05-23T04:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1548805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gene Packwood''' (alizaliwa [[1928]]) ni [[msanii]] na mchora katuni za kisiasa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifunika [[Vita vya Korea]] kwa michoro na alifanya katuni za kisiasa kwa gazeti la Leesburg, [[Florida]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.dailycommercial.com/news/20190706/lake-vet-recorded-korean-war-with-sketchbook-in-hand|title=Lake vet recorded Korean War with sketchbook in hand|first=Keith |last=Oliver|website=Daily Commercial}}</ref> Alijiunga na wanamaji mwaka [[1948]] na alichora katuni za ucheshi kwa majarida ya wanamaji<ref name=orl>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1998-10-07-9810060812-story.html|title=ART IS A JOURNEY FOR CARTOONIST|first=Sara|last=Sheckler|website=OrlandoSentinel.com}}</ref>. Mwaka [[1998]], Lake Eustis Museum of Art ilionyesha katuni zake 200. Alichora katuni ya Gavana wa Florida [[Lawton Chiles]] akikata bata wakiwakilisha vitu vya line-item veto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://exhibits.lib.usf.edu/exhibits/show/poison-pens/century-end/packwood|title=Art of the Poison Pens: A Century of American Political Cartoons : Gene Packwood · USF Library Special & Digital Collections Exhibits|website=exhibits.lib.usf.edu|accessdate=2026-05-22|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183057/http://exhibits.lib.usf.edu/exhibits/show/poison-pens/century-end/packwood|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 46x3elfj7tinaeoisc1xinrnbzbnxd0 0 237624 1548359 2026-05-22T13:10:30Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimé Ngoyi Mukena''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Congo gets new cabinet after seven months - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dr-congo-gets-new-cabinet-after-seven-months/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=2019-08-26|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Taifa na Mashujaa wa Vita katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lughrhdkn1tesp976toe8x9oom6kfbh 0 237625 1548360 2026-05-22T13:12:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''László Dús''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 14]], [[1941]], [[Zalaegerszeg]]) ni [[msanii]] wa taswira mwenye asili ya [[Hungaria]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dús alijulikana kwa uchapishaji wake wa kisasa usio na lengo maalumu . Uchapishaji wake kadhaa uko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya National Gallery of Art ya Marekani.<ref name="National Gallery of Art (artist info #4005)">{{cite web |last1=staff |first1=NGA |title=Lazlo Dus |url=https://www.nga.gov/collect...' 1548360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''László Dús''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 14]], [[1941]], [[Zalaegerszeg]]) ni [[msanii]] wa taswira mwenye asili ya [[Hungaria]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dús alijulikana kwa uchapishaji wake wa kisasa usio na lengo maalumu . Uchapishaji wake kadhaa uko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya National Gallery of Art ya Marekani.<ref name="National Gallery of Art (artist info #4005)">{{cite web |last1=staff |first1=NGA |title=Lazlo Dus |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.4005.html |website=National Gallery of Art (artist info #4005) |publisher=US Govt |accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Hungaria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jqkr88gc509m3me10mzln99mmqjbazk 0 237626 1548363 2026-05-22T13:14:42Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baudouin Banza Mukalay Nsungu''' (2 Januari 1953 – 14 Mei 2016) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], aliyezaliwa Coquilhatville. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni na Sanaa kuanzia Desemba 2014 hadi kifo chake Mei 2016. Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Vijana, Michezo, Utamaduni na Sanaa (2012–2014) katika serikali ya Joseph Kabila. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Madini (1996–1997) chini ya utawala wa Mobutu Sese Seko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC: mort du ministre de la Culture Baudouin Banza Mukalay|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20160516-rdc-mort-ministre-culture-baudouin-banza-mukalay|work=RFI|date=2016-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] 9bekclupi2en1645m63a293v3ue1rd6 0 237627 1548365 2026-05-22T13:16:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Micael Downs''' ([[Desemba 17]], [[1936]] – [[Oktoba 21]], [[2019]]) alikuwa msanii katika uchoraji nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi kwa Chicago Daily News na Chicago Sun-Times.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chicago-il/john-downs-8897344 John Michael Downs-obituary]</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/10/21/20881924/john-downs-artist-chicago-daily-news-sun-times-richard-speck-john-wayne-gacy|...' 1548365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Micael Downs''' ([[Desemba 17]], [[1936]] – [[Oktoba 21]], [[2019]]) alikuwa msanii katika uchoraji nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi kwa Chicago Daily News na Chicago Sun-Times.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chicago-il/john-downs-8897344 John Michael Downs-obituary]</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/10/21/20881924/john-downs-artist-chicago-daily-news-sun-times-richard-speck-john-wayne-gacy|title=Artist John M. Downs, longtime Chicago Sun-Times, Daily News who captured key courtroom moments for John Gacy, Richard Speck, has died|first=Maureen|last=O'Donnell|date=October 21, 2019|website=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] hwidwojmgex3lbs4g2r4hsfums6ggxn 1548576 1548365 2026-05-22T19:09:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Micael Downs''' ([[Desemba 17]], [[1936]] – [[Oktoba 21]], [[2019]]) alikuwa msanii katika uchoraji nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi kwa Chicago Daily News na Chicago Sun-Times.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chicago-il/john-downs-8897344 John Michael Downs-obituary]</ref><ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/10/21/20881924/john-downs-artist-chicago-daily-news-sun-times-richard-speck-john-wayne-gacy|title=Artist John M. Downs, longtime Chicago Sun-Times, Daily News who captured key courtroom moments for John Gacy, Richard Speck, has died|first=Maureen|last=O'Donnell|date=October 21, 2019|website=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] mt14urxx3n1kr1p88n9kwsi8kk82u8l 0 237628 1548368 2026-05-22T13:20:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edward Benton Dodd''' ([[Novemba 7]], [[1902]] – [[Mei 27]], [[1991]]) alikuwa [[Mchoraji|mchoraji]] katuni nchini [[Marekani]] wa karne ya 20.Alijulikana kwa katuni yake ya ''Mark Trail'' ambayo alianza kuchora mwaka [[1946]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Ed Dodd, 88, Creator of 'Mark Trail' Comic|author=AP|author-link=Associated Press|date=May 29, 1991|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/29/obituaries/ed-dodd-88-cr...' 1548368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Benton Dodd''' ([[Novemba 7]], [[1902]] – [[Mei 27]], [[1991]]) alikuwa [[Mchoraji|mchoraji]] katuni nchini [[Marekani]] wa karne ya 20.Alijulikana kwa katuni yake ya ''Mark Trail'' ambayo alianza kuchora mwaka [[1946]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Ed Dodd, 88, Creator of 'Mark Trail' Comic|author=AP|author-link=Associated Press|date=May 29, 1991|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/29/obituaries/ed-dodd-88-creator-of-mark-trail-comic.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] l0af5gh48s5ceikozvabnzz8a72v83z 0 237629 1548380 2026-05-22T13:30:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Stanley Weston (Mvumbuzi)]] hadi [[Stanley Weston (mvumbuzi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548380 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Stanley Weston (mvumbuzi)]] mzba46owpc1myo11subzy7a53ks7w1v 0 237630 1548382 2026-05-22T13:32:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Elizabeth Gray (Mkusanyaji wa visukuku)]] hadi [[Elizabeth Gray (mkusanyaji wa visukuku)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548382 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Elizabeth Gray (mkusanyaji wa visukuku)]] sin8g1r4vn56udhqw6cxgx70x0po5pt 0 237631 1548385 2026-05-22T13:33:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Barbara Rawdon-Hastings,Machi wa kike wa Hastings]] hadi [[Barbara Rawdon-Hastings]]: usahihi wa jina 1548385 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Barbara Rawdon-Hastings]] 3zsnnvurq4pjp6np4r49yt5ix9gqlyi 0 237632 1548387 2026-05-22T13:35:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Princess Lida waThurn naTaxis]] hadi [[Princess Lida wa Thurn na Taxis]]: usahihi wa jina 1548387 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Princess Lida wa Thurn na Taxis]] 7ogn6p7jb77rigndnrcw7qupprhrdad 0 237633 1548394 2026-05-22T13:52:47Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nakul Dev Mahajan''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 15]], [[1975]]) ni mchezaji densi na mtayarishaji wa choreografia wa [[Uhindi]] na [[Marekani]].Alijulikana zaidi kwa choreografia yake kwenye kipindi cha ''So You Think You Can Dance''. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa kisanii wa NDM Bollywood Dance Productions and Studios<ref name="studio">{{cite news |last=Iyer |first=Lakshmi |date=13 March 2020 |title=Superstar Bollywood dance instructor choreographs Di...' 1548394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nakul Dev Mahajan''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 15]], [[1975]]) ni mchezaji densi na mtayarishaji wa choreografia wa [[Uhindi]] na [[Marekani]].Alijulikana zaidi kwa choreografia yake kwenye kipindi cha ''So You Think You Can Dance''. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa kisanii wa NDM Bollywood Dance Productions and Studios<ref name="studio">{{cite news |last=Iyer |first=Lakshmi |date=13 March 2020 |title=Superstar Bollywood dance instructor choreographs Disney series |url=https://www.indiapost.com/superstar-bollywood-dance-instructor-choreographs-disney-series/ |work=[[India Post]] |location= USA|access-date=8 June 2020 }}</ref>, kampuni ya densi ya Bollywood yenye makao yake [[Artesia, California]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Dance Like a Man - Indian Express | url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dance-like-a-man/1195860/0 |author=Jaskiran Kapoor|date=17 November 2013|access-date = 12 December 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4471krq5tkjolxqaqdbbzdw56gb2laq 0 237634 1548397 2026-05-22T14:01:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jason DeMarte''' (alizaliwa [[1973]] huko [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]) ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] wa kidigitali nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye hupiga picha vitu vinavyopatikana katika maumbile, kisha huzipanga kidijiti pamoja kwa kutumia Adobe Photoshop. Kazi zake ziko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na Los Angeles Center for Digital Art.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jason DeMarte {{!}} Museum of Contemporary Ph...' 1548397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason DeMarte''' (alizaliwa [[1973]] huko [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]) ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] wa kidigitali nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye hupiga picha vitu vinavyopatikana katika maumbile, kisha huzipanga kidijiti pamoja kwa kutumia Adobe Photoshop. Kazi zake ziko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na Los Angeles Center for Digital Art.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jason DeMarte {{!}} Museum of Contemporary Photography|url=https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|access-date=2020-08-28|website=www.mocp.org|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809070534/https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Seibel|first=Brendan|title=The Art of the Unnatural {{!}} Create|url=https://create.adobe.com/2019/1/25/the_art_of_the_unnat.html|access-date=2020-08-28|website=create.adobe.com|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3m0cjcp5qs2qlltc8y8t926s4gw63ng 1548572 1548397 2026-05-22T19:05:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason DeMarte''' (alizaliwa [[1973]] huko [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]) ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] wa kidigitali nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye hupiga picha vitu vinavyopatikana katika maumbile, kisha huzipanga kidijiti pamoja kwa kutumia Adobe Photoshop. Kazi zake ziko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na Los Angeles Center for Digital Art.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jason DeMarte {{!}} Museum of Contemporary Photography|url=https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|access-date=2020-08-28|website=www.mocp.org|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809070534/https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Seibel|first=Brendan|title=The Art of the Unnatural {{!}} Create|url=https://create.adobe.com/2019/1/25/the_art_of_the_unnat.html|access-date=2020-08-28|website=create.adobe.com|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hm93bl5z3saipzl34zr8o5b0qfyqi6t 1549013 1548572 2026-05-23T11:29:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1549013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason DeMarte''' (alizaliwa [[1973]] huko [[Lafayette, Louisiana]]) ni mpiga picha na [[msanii]] wa kidigitali nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye hupiga picha vitu vinavyopatikana katika maumbile, kisha huzipanga kidijiti pamoja kwa kutumia Adobe Photoshop. Kazi zake ziko katika makusanyo ya kudumu ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na Los Angeles Center for Digital Art.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jason DeMarte {{!}} Museum of Contemporary Photography|url=https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|access-date=2020-08-28|website=www.mocp.org|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809070534/https://www.mocp.org/collection/mpp/past/demarte_jason.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Seibel|first=Brendan|title=The Art of the Unnatural {{!}} Create|url=https://create.adobe.com/2019/1/25/the_art_of_the_unnat.html|access-date=2020-08-28|website=create.adobe.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919220121/https://create.adobe.com/2019/1/25/the_art_of_the_unnat.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tox54oflrrbp4te5l66qjydcrpxdbhf 0 237635 1548398 2026-05-22T14:08:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jim DeFrance''' (alizaliwa [[1940]] huko Alliance, [[Nebraska]] – alifariki [[2014]] huko [[Los Angeles, California]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] kutoks Pwani ya Magharibi anayejulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa kujitengenezea na ujenzi wa kina. Alijulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa "Slot", ambapo alitengeneza muundo wa uso wa trapeza juu ya uwanja wa rangi<ref name=Dowling>Dowling, Tom and Trevor Norris (2018). “Jim DeFrance: Light, Space,...' 1548398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jim DeFrance''' (alizaliwa [[1940]] huko Alliance, [[Nebraska]] – alifariki [[2014]] huko [[Los Angeles, California]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] kutoks Pwani ya Magharibi anayejulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa kujitengenezea na ujenzi wa kina. Alijulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa "Slot", ambapo alitengeneza muundo wa uso wa trapeza juu ya uwanja wa rangi<ref name=Dowling>Dowling, Tom and Trevor Norris (2018). “Jim DeFrance: Light, Space, Materials,” Frank M. Doyle Arts Pavilion, Orange Coast College, Costa Mesa, CA. {{ISBN|978-0-692-04857-3}}.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] ryld2n93rf978ajt8fkwrizifclisr6 1549003 1548398 2026-05-23T11:14:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jim DeFrance''' ([[1940]] huko Alliance, [[Nebraska]] – [[2014]] huko [[Los Angeles, California]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] kutoks Pwani ya Magharibi anayejulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa kujitengenezea na ujenzi wa kina. Alijulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa "Slot", ambapo alitengeneza muundo wa uso wa trapeza juu ya uwanja wa rangi<ref name=Dowling>Dowling, Tom and Trevor Norris (2018). “Jim DeFrance: Light, Space, Materials,” Frank M. Doyle Arts Pavilion, Orange Coast College, Costa Mesa, CA. {{ISBN|978-0-692-04857-3}}.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 5tzupcvfxo2efahcel2sg4to7fzicpd 0 237636 1548399 2026-05-22T14:14:30Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Norman D. Daly''' ([[Agosti 9]], [[1911]] – [[Aprili 2]], [[2008]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebuni ''Civilization of Llhuros'' pamoja na mamia ya mabaki yake, maandiko, na sauti zake. Kazi yake juu ya The Civilization of Llhuros kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1960 ilimfanya kuwa mtaalamu mwanzilishi wa aina ya sanaa iliyojulikana sasa kama [[akiolojia]] ya kubuni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Restauri |first=Jennifer Lauren |url=https://bayl...' 1548399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norman D. Daly''' ([[Agosti 9]], [[1911]] – [[Aprili 2]], [[2008]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebuni ''Civilization of Llhuros'' pamoja na mamia ya mabaki yake, maandiko, na sauti zake. Kazi yake juu ya The Civilization of Llhuros kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1960 ilimfanya kuwa mtaalamu mwanzilishi wa aina ya sanaa iliyojulikana sasa kama [[akiolojia]] ya kubuni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Restauri |first=Jennifer Lauren |url=https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2104/8462/jennifer_restauri_masters.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Not only creators, but also interpreters |publisher=Baylor University |year=2012 |language=English}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] etfsadzrqh26xfkx7pjz94enmc6sov4 1548406 1548399 2026-05-22T14:32:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norman D. Daly''' ([[Agosti 9]], [[1911]] – [[Aprili 2]], [[2008]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebuni ''Civilization of Llhuros'' pamoja na mamia ya mabaki yake, maandiko, na sauti zake. Kazi yake juu ya The Civilization of Llhuros kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1960 ilimfanya kuwa mtaalamu mwanzilishi wa aina ya sanaa iliyojulikana sasa kama [[akiolojia]] ya kubuni.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Restauri |first=Jennifer Lauren |url=https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2104/8462/jennifer_restauri_masters.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Not only creators, but also interpreters |publisher=Baylor University |year=2012 |language=English}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] cj7k4qy9oonegnyinzca2z1s6c7hkgs 0 237637 1548403 2026-05-22T14:26:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Floethe''' ([[1901]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa sanaa wa kitengo cha mabango cha Federal Art Project (FAP) cha Works Progress Administration (WPA) huko jijini [[New York]] na kisha akaendelea kuchora michoro katika vitabu vingi. Alizaliwa [[Ujerumani]] na alihamia Marekani mwaka [[1928]].<ref name="The Internet Speculative Fiction Database">{{cite web |title=Summary Bibliography: Richard Fl...' 1548403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Floethe''' ([[1901]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa sanaa wa kitengo cha mabango cha Federal Art Project (FAP) cha Works Progress Administration (WPA) huko jijini [[New York]] na kisha akaendelea kuchora michoro katika vitabu vingi. Alizaliwa [[Ujerumani]] na alihamia Marekani mwaka [[1928]].<ref name="The Internet Speculative Fiction Database">{{cite web |title=Summary Bibliography: Richard Floethe |url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?110826 |website=www.isfdb.org |access-date=19 June 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="Posters For The People">{{cite web |title=WPA Poster History |url=http://www.postersforthepeople.com/wpa-poster-history.html |website=Posters For The People |access-date=19 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] l285b3ne31we3qtmpqak8rli99007g6 0 237638 1548404 2026-05-22T14:30:17Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baudouin Banza Mukalay Nsungu''' (2 Januari 1953 – 14 Mei 2016) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], aliyezaliwa Coquilhatville.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni na Sanaa kuanzia Desemba 2014 hadi kifo chake Mei 2016. Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Vijana, Michezo, Utamaduni na Sanaa (2012–2014) katika serikali ya Joseph Kabila. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Madini (1996–1997) chini ya utawala wa Mobutu Sese Seko. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ionu2oi9t47znxe1zdwabunbla9jihu 1548596 1548404 2026-05-22T19:46:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baudouin Banza Mukalay Nsungu''' (2 Januari 1953 – 14 Mei 2016) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], aliyezaliwa Coquilhatville.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni na Sanaa kuanzia Desemba 2014 hadi kifo chake Mei 2016. Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Vijana, Michezo, Utamaduni na Sanaa (2012–2014) katika serikali ya Joseph Kabila. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Madini (1996–1997) chini ya utawala wa Mobutu Sese Seko. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] smrh1o70vp5q2nxl47d7iuz4c54r8jm 0 237639 1548407 2026-05-22T14:34:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mozaffar Alam''' (1882–1973) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje. Pia alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na gavana wa mikoa mbalimbali ya Iran. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Alam alizaliwa mjini [[Trabzon]] mnamo mwaka 1882 kwa jina la Sardar Entesar.<ref>{{cite book|author=Homa Katouzian|title=The Persians. Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern|year=2010|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=978-0-30...' 1548407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mozaffar Alam''' (1882–1973) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje. Pia alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na gavana wa mikoa mbalimbali ya Iran. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Alam alizaliwa mjini [[Trabzon]] mnamo mwaka 1882 kwa jina la Sardar Entesar.<ref>{{cite book|author=Homa Katouzian|title=The Persians. Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern|year=2010|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=978-0-300-16932-4|page=204|doi=10.12987/9780300161229-fm |s2cid=246099210 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.12987/9780300161229-fm/html}}</ref> Baba yake, Mirzā ʿAli Akbar Khan Moʿtamed al Wezāra Qazvini, alikuwa afisa wa ngazi ya juu katika wizara ya mambo ya nje na alihudumu katika nafasi za kibalozi (konsuli) huko [[Baku]], [[Istanbul]], [[Damaskasi]] na [[Baghdad]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1882|1973|Alam, Mozaffar}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] lrmj0f99rgaziffgnc6clxx8h3qjvvp 0 237640 1548411 2026-05-22T14:38:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maḥmūd ʿAlāmīr''', ambaye pia alijulikana kama '''Masʿūd Davallū''' na kwa jina la heshima la '''Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh''', alikuwa mwanafalsafa, mwanadiplomasia, na mwanasiasa mpigania katiba wa [[Iran]] kutoka katika Nasaba ya Qajar.<ref name="i">{{cite encyclopedia|title=EḤTEŠĀM-AL-SALṬANA|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=December 15, 1998|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url=http://www.iranicaonline....' 1548411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maḥmūd ʿAlāmīr''', ambaye pia alijulikana kama '''Masʿūd Davallū''' na kwa jina la heshima la '''Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh''', alikuwa mwanafalsafa, mwanadiplomasia, na mwanasiasa mpigania katiba wa [[Iran]] kutoka katika Nasaba ya Qajar.<ref name="i">{{cite encyclopedia|title=EḤTEŠĀM-AL-SALṬANA|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=December 15, 1998|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ehtesam-al-saltana-1|last1=Amanat|first1=Mehrdad |editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater|access-date=December 9, 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1862|1938|Alamiyr, Mahmud}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 3yckb4frvbe8qqhueilvl2c4wudeoym 0 237641 1548413 2026-05-22T14:38:16Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger Mpanano Ntamwenge''' (21 Oktoba 1962 – 19 Juni 2021) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC) na aliwahi kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC.<ref>{{Citation|title=MPANANO NTAMWENGE Roger|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=mpanano-ntamwenge-roger|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] shrui2t46fboxdpndl45veacvne7sf5 0 237642 1548414 2026-05-22T14:40:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Noureddin Alamouti''' (1901–1965) alikuwa jaji na mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria chini ya baraza la mawaziri la Ali Amini, ambapo alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha kitengo chenye nguvu cha kupambana na ufisadi.<ref name="A423">{{cite book|author=Ervand Abrahamian|year=1982 |title=Iran Between Two Revolutions|isbn=0-691-10134-5|publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0/page/423|...' 1548414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noureddin Alamouti''' (1901–1965) alikuwa jaji na mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria chini ya baraza la mawaziri la Ali Amini, ambapo alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha kitengo chenye nguvu cha kupambana na ufisadi.<ref name="A423">{{cite book|author=Ervand Abrahamian|year=1982 |title=Iran Between Two Revolutions|isbn=0-691-10134-5|publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0/page/423|pages=[https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0/page/423 423]}}</ref> Kitengo hiki kilisababisha kile kinachotajwa kama "jaribio la mwisho zito la kusimamia [[utawala wa sheria]]" wakati wa enzi ya utawala wa Pahlavi nchini Iran.<ref name="S">{{cite book|author=Hadi Enayat|year=2013|title=Law, State, and Society in Modern Iran: Constitutionalism, Autocracy, and Legal Reform, 1906-1941|isbn=9781137282026 |publisher=Springer}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1901|1965|Alamouti, Noureddin}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] nmfakec5iwej9d77fcr4nvnthqd9m91 0 237643 1548416 2026-05-22T14:46:22Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Fend''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1980]], alianzisha ''Office for the Ocean Earth Construction and Development Corporation'' pamoja na [[Colen Fitzgibbon]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Peter Nadin]], [[Richard Prince]], na [[Robin Winters]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/h2earth |title=H2EARTH |date=12 October 2001 |publisher=Mute Magazine |access-date=2014-03-06}}</ref>, ambayo ilikuwa...' 1548416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Fend''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1980]], alianzisha ''Office for the Ocean Earth Construction and Development Corporation'' pamoja na [[Colen Fitzgibbon]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Peter Nadin]], [[Richard Prince]], na [[Robin Winters]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/h2earth |title=H2EARTH |date=12 October 2001 |publisher=Mute Magazine |access-date=2014-03-06}}</ref>, ambayo ilikuwa "shirika" lililovumbuliwa kwa kikundi cha wasanii.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joselit |first1=D. |last2=Harrison |first2=R. |year=2008 |title=A Conversation with Peter Fend |journal=October |volume=125 |pages=117–136 |doi=10.1162/octo.2008.125.1.117|s2cid=57568374 }}</ref> Mwaka [[1994]], shirika hilo lilibadilisha jina lake kuwa ''Ocean Earth Development Corporation (OCEAN EARTH)''.<ref>[http://www.artnet.com/artist/6106/peter-fend.html ArtNet]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 58tt9lzjtja42xjmdm14ohw704pfs5j 1548420 1548416 2026-05-22T14:50:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Fend''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1980]], alianzisha ''Office for the Ocean Earth Construction and Development Corporation'' pamoja na [[Colen Fitzgibbon]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Peter Nadin]], [[Richard Prince]], na [[Robin Winters]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/h2earth |title=H2EARTH |date=12 October 2001 |publisher=Mute Magazine |access-date=2014-03-06}}</ref>, ambayo ilikuwa "shirika" lililovumbuliwa kwa kikundi cha wasanii.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last1=Joselit |first1=D. |last2=Harrison |first2=R. |year=2008 |title=A Conversation with Peter Fend |journal=October |volume=125 |pages=117–136 |doi=10.1162/octo.2008.125.1.117|s2cid=57568374 }}</ref> Mwaka [[1994]], shirika hilo lilibadilisha jina lake kuwa ''Ocean Earth Development Corporation (OCEAN EARTH)''.<ref>[http://www.artnet.com/artist/6106/peter-fend.html ArtNet]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8ziorw5cfwebj4e1wkirt2y3haqdvzf 0 237644 1548421 2026-05-22T14:51:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ravi S. Rajan''' ni [[mwanamuziki]], [http://msanii msanii], na msimamizi wa kitaaluma nchini [[Marekani]] anayefanya kazi kama rais wa nne wa California Institute of the Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-ravi-rajan-calarts-20161213-story.html|title=CalArts names Ravi Rajan president, the first Asian American to be named to the post|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=14 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="...' 1548421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ravi S. Rajan''' ni [[mwanamuziki]], [http://msanii msanii], na msimamizi wa kitaaluma nchini [[Marekani]] anayefanya kazi kama rais wa nne wa California Institute of the Arts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-ravi-rajan-calarts-20161213-story.html|title=CalArts names Ravi Rajan president, the first Asian American to be named to the post|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=14 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-15 |title=Ravi Rajan: California Institute of the Arts president |url=https://signalscv.com/2019/09/ravi-rajan-california-institute-of-the-arts-president/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Santa Clarita Valley Signal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b80vob46a56aqizfrvtw4l10n2eai3g 1548431 1548421 2026-05-22T15:00:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ravi S. Rajan''' ni [[mwanamuziki]], [http://msanii msanii], na msimamizi wa kitaaluma nchini [[Marekani]] anayefanya kazi kama rais wa nne wa California Institute of the Arts.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-ravi-rajan-calarts-20161213-story.html|title=CalArts names Ravi Rajan president, the first Asian American to be named to the post|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=14 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-09-15 |title=Ravi Rajan: California Institute of the Arts president |url=https://signalscv.com/2019/09/ravi-rajan-california-institute-of-the-arts-president/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Santa Clarita Valley Signal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] neh1lcezu4mkoylcf7ieipxlgkr8u4z 0 237645 1548423 2026-05-22T14:52:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrei Rabodzeenko''' (alizaliwa [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Urusi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Rabodzeenko |url=https://chicagosculpture.org/members/#!biz/id/5aa97c22afd6919f455c7a3d |website=Chicago Sculpture International |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1548423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrei Rabodzeenko''' (alizaliwa [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Urusi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Rabodzeenko |url=https://chicagosculpture.org/members/#!biz/id/5aa97c22afd6919f455c7a3d |website=Chicago Sculpture International |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a9pihcg44ktvwksqytrjxopns2magaj 0 237646 1548428 2026-05-22T14:58:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles A. Fagan''' (anayejulikana kama '''Chas Fagan'''; alizaliwa [[1966]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Official White House Portraits|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-backgrounders/official-white-house-portraits|archive-url=|publisher=[[White House Historical Association]]|accessdate=August 5, 2025|archivedate=}}</ref>) ni [[msanii]] na [[mchongaji]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa uchoraji wa picha za mafuta za marais wote 45 wa M...' 1548428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles A. Fagan''' (anayejulikana kama '''Chas Fagan'''; alizaliwa [[1966]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Official White House Portraits|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-backgrounders/official-white-house-portraits|archive-url=|publisher=[[White House Historical Association]]|accessdate=August 5, 2025|archivedate=}}</ref>) ni [[msanii]] na [[mchongaji]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa uchoraji wa picha za mafuta za marais wote 45 wa Marekani (kufikia [[2016]]), kwa ombi kutoka C-SPAN na White House Historical Association. Pia alichora picha rasmi ya kutangazwa mtakatifu ya [[Mama Teresa]] kwa ombi la ''Knights of Columbus''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.c-spanvideo.org/files/pressCenter/Chas+Fagan+Trump+Portrait+Press+Release+12.28.16+v2.pdf|title=New Trump Portrait, First Post-Election, Joins C-SPAN Presidents Collection. C-SPAN Networks (2016)|publisher=|accessdate=15 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://auburnpub.com/blogs/eye_on_ny/c-span-s-american-presidents-exhibit-coming-to-destiny-usa/article_7ba80f2e-721b-11e2-b72e-0019bb2963f4.html|title=C-SPAN's 'American Presidents' exhibit coming to Destiny USA in Syracuse|first=Robert|last=Harding|publisher=|accessdate=15 October 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tep59it4h7fouokuekdgfshwtx1bh5v 0 237647 1548430 2026-05-22T14:59:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Motazed''' anajulikana pia kama '''Ali Nakhjiri Esfahani''', alikuwa Naibu Mkuu wa [[SAVAK]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bomati |first1=Yves |last2=Nahavandi |first2=Houchang |year=2019 |title=Mohammad Réza Pahlavi |publisher=Place des éditeurs |isbn=9782262079819}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]]' 1548430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Motazed''' anajulikana pia kama '''Ali Nakhjiri Esfahani''', alikuwa Naibu Mkuu wa [[SAVAK]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bomati |first1=Yves |last2=Nahavandi |first2=Houchang |year=2019 |title=Mohammad Réza Pahlavi |publisher=Place des éditeurs |isbn=9782262079819}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] krujjbqok8g8et2jcodv5v0ceg9j6sx 0 237648 1548432 2026-05-22T15:01:13Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1548432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimé Sakombi Molendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Usimamizi wa Ardhi katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jdk8zc0tm7y2ilcnyf2c29c8lqkibr6 0 237649 1548434 2026-05-22T15:01:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Eula''' ([[Januari 16]], [[1925]] – [[Oktoba 27]], [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha za mitindo nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mchoraji maarufu katika miaka ya [[1960]] na 70, akiwa ameshikilia wadhifa wa mkurugenzi wa ubunifu katika Halston kwa miaka kumi.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Horyn|first1=Cathy|title=Joe Eula, Fashion Illustrator, Dies at 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/28/arts/28eula.html|access-date=June 17, 2015|work=Ne...' 1548434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Eula''' ([[Januari 16]], [[1925]] – [[Oktoba 27]], [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha za mitindo nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mchoraji maarufu katika miaka ya [[1960]] na 70, akiwa ameshikilia wadhifa wa mkurugenzi wa ubunifu katika Halston kwa miaka kumi.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Horyn|first1=Cathy|title=Joe Eula, Fashion Illustrator, Dies at 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/28/arts/28eula.html|access-date=June 17, 2015|work=New York Times|date=October 28, 2004}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|last1=Horwell|first1=Veroncia|title=Joe Eula|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/nov/22/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries1|access-date=June 17, 2015|work=The Guardian|date=November 22, 2004}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] 0p16rpbop70p71wmpdean5jray63iuj 0 237650 1548437 2026-05-22T15:03:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali-Reza Khan Azod-ol-Molk''' (&lrm; 11 Oktoba 1847 – 22 Septemba 1910) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] alihudumu kama kaimu mtawala (regent) wa [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], mfalme ([[shah]]) wa mwisho wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]]. == Maisha == Ali Reza Khan Qajar, aliyopewa jina la heshima la "Azod-ol-Molk", alikuwa mtoto wa Mousa Khan, ambaye alikuwa mjomba wake [[Naser al-Din Shah]]. Ali Reza alikuwa miongoni mwa wasindikizaji wa karibu wa [[Naser al-Din Shah]]...' 1548437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali-Reza Khan Azod-ol-Molk''' (&lrm; 11 Oktoba 1847 – 22 Septemba 1910) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] alihudumu kama kaimu mtawala (regent) wa [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], mfalme ([[shah]]) wa mwisho wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]]. == Maisha == Ali Reza Khan Qajar, aliyopewa jina la heshima la "Azod-ol-Molk", alikuwa mtoto wa Mousa Khan, ambaye alikuwa mjomba wake [[Naser al-Din Shah]]. Ali Reza alikuwa miongoni mwa wasindikizaji wa karibu wa [[Naser al-Din Shah]] mnamo mwaka 1870 na 1871, na alifuatana naye kwenye hija katika maeneo matakatifu huko [[Najaf]] na [[Karbala]]. Pia, alifuatana naye katika safari zake za kwenda [[Ulaya]] mnamo mwaka 1873 na 1878. Ali Reza Khan alikuwa gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Mazandaran]] na baadaye akawa Waziri wa Sheria. Baada ya kupinduliwa kwa [[Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar]] mnamo mwaka 1909, Ali Reza Khan aliteuliwa kwa uamuzi wa Bunge la Iran kuwa [[kaimu mtawala]] (regent) wa mtoto wa shah, [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], ambaye alikuwa bado mdogo (chini ya umri wa utu uzima) alipoingia madarakani baada ya baba yake kuondolewa madarakani. Ali Reza Khan hakuwa na elimu rasmi ya shule, lakini alichukuliwa kama mwanasiasa mwaminifu. Mwishoni mwa maisha yake, alikuwa akijulikana kama Dai Khan (mjomba mwenye kuheshimika). == Marejeo == * Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the rise of Reza Shah. I.B.Tauris, 1998, S. 11. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1847|1910}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] rite0xnncxnxh98anf1us0apdgijcmw 0 237651 1548439 2026-05-22T15:07:29Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Alilu''' ( alizaliwa mwaka 1961) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran.]] Alilu alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] katika familia ya [[Waazeri]] (Azerbaijanis) inayotokea [[Shabestar]] katika [[Mkoa wa Azerbaijan Mashariki]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.alilou.ir/index.php/zendeghi.html|title=زندگینامه علی علیلو|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814174948/http://www.alilou.ir/index.php/zendeghi.html|ar...' 1548439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Alilu''' ( alizaliwa mwaka 1961) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran.]] Alilu alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] katika familia ya [[Waazeri]] (Azerbaijanis) inayotokea [[Shabestar]] katika [[Mkoa wa Azerbaijan Mashariki]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.alilou.ir/index.php/zendeghi.html|title=زندگینامه علی علیلو|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814174948/http://www.alilou.ir/index.php/zendeghi.html|archive-date=2014-08-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) kutoka jimbo la [[Shabestar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13910330000536|title=جدول مدارک تحصیلی و سوابق اجرایی اعضای 14 کمیسیون‌ مجلس نهم|publisher=[[Farsnews Agency]]|access-date=27 July 2014|archive-date=30 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230100403/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13910330000536|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alilu alishinda kiti hicho kwa kupata kura 16,214 (asilimia 27.30%).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/811907|title=علی علیلو |publisher=Tovuti ya [[Bunge la Iran]]|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] jdukkgg20q48tofucd76bhszaon7qo5 0 237652 1548444 2026-05-22T15:12:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''TR Ericsson''' (alizaliwa [[1972]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Brooklyn, New York]] na Painesville,[[ Ohio]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Cv TR Ericsson|url=https://hl-projects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/35/cv_tr-ericsson_240920.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. Tangu kifo cha mama yake mwaka [[2003]], kazi yake imezungumza kuhusu hadithi ya maisha yake...' 1548444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TR Ericsson''' (alizaliwa [[1972]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Brooklyn, New York]] na Painesville,[[ Ohio]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Cv TR Ericsson|url=https://hl-projects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/35/cv_tr-ericsson_240920.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. Tangu kifo cha mama yake mwaka [[2003]], kazi yake imezungumza kuhusu hadithi ya maisha yake, ikichora kutoka kwa kumbukumbu iliyorithiwa inayoandika maisha ya familia ya vizazi vinne katika Midwest ya Marekani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Tannenbaum|first=Barbara|title=TR Ericsson: Crackle & Drag|publisher=[[The Cleveland Museum of Art]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0300213218|location=Cleveland|pages=13–19}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pnvc2ptwouc2ap39aziv5ti3xoudtma 1548464 1548444 2026-05-22T15:33:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TR Ericsson''' (alizaliwa [[1972]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Brooklyn, New York]] na Painesville,[[ Ohio]]<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=|title=Cv TR Ericsson|url=https://hl-projects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/35/cv_tr-ericsson_240920.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. Tangu kifo cha mama yake mwaka [[2003]], kazi yake imezungumza kuhusu hadithi ya maisha yake, ikichora kutoka kwa kumbukumbu iliyorithiwa inayoandika maisha ya familia ya vizazi vinne katika Midwest ya Marekani.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Tannenbaum|first=Barbara|title=TR Ericsson: Crackle & Drag|publisher=[[The Cleveland Museum of Art]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0300213218|location=Cleveland|pages=13–19}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] je74l1n3ezl8c8dck5cuy1snqw46pvv 0 237653 1548445 2026-05-22T15:14:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shahrbanoo Amani Anganeh''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1960) alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) katika kipindi cha tano na cha sita kutoka [[Urmia (jimbo la uchaguzi)|jimbo la uchaguzi la Urmia]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Iranian dissident freed on bail| publisher = BBC| date = 13 March 2002| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1870967.stm| format = | doi = | access-date = 19 January 2015...' 1548445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahrbanoo Amani Anganeh''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1960) alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) katika kipindi cha tano na cha sita kutoka [[Urmia (jimbo la uchaguzi)|jimbo la uchaguzi la Urmia]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Iranian dissident freed on bail| publisher = BBC| date = 13 March 2002| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1870967.stm| format = | doi = | access-date = 19 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = هرانا؛ شهربانو امانی به قید وثیقه از زندان آزاد شد| publisher = Human Rights Activist News Agency| date = | url = https://hra-news.org/00/7149-1.html| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303015420/https://hra-news.org/00/7149-1.html | archivedate = 3 March 2011 | doi = | accessdate = 19 January 2015 }}</ref> kupitia [[Harakati ya Mageuzi ya Iran]] (Iranian reform movement).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://durnanews.ir/?p=21337|title=نگاهی بر انتخابات مجلس دهم در آذربایجان غربی و انتظارات مردم {{!}} دورنانیوز|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> Pia, alikuwa mshauri mkuu wa [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]], ambaye alikuwa mkuu wa Shirika la Kulinda Mazingira la [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://navidesobh.ir/?p=744 |title=نوید صبح {{!}} حضور شهربانو امانی، (نماینده پیشین مردم ارومیه در مجلس شورای اسلامی ) در دفتر نوید صبح |website=navidesobh.ir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926203401/http://navidesobh.ir/?p=744 |archive-date=2013-09-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] pfo395mb84fy7b2jioebw3aai16xu7x 1548454 1548445 2026-05-22T15:19:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548454 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahrbanoo Amani Anganeh''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1960) alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) katika kipindi cha tano na cha sita kutoka [[Urmia (jimbo la uchaguzi)|jimbo la uchaguzi la Urmia]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Iranian dissident freed on bail| publisher = BBC| date = 13 March 2002| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1870967.stm| format = | doi = | access-date = 19 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = هرانا؛ شهربانو امانی به قید وثیقه از زندان آزاد شد| publisher = Human Rights Activist News Agency| date = | url = https://hra-news.org/00/7149-1.html| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303015420/https://hra-news.org/00/7149-1.html | archivedate = 3 March 2011 | doi = | accessdate = 19 January 2015 }}</ref> kupitia [[Harakati ya Mageuzi ya Iran]] (Iranian reform movement).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://durnanews.ir/?p=21337|title=نگاهی بر انتخابات مجلس دهم در آذربایجان غربی و انتظارات مردم {{!}} دورنانیوز|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> Pia, alikuwa mshauri mkuu wa [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]], ambaye alikuwa mkuu wa Shirika la Kulinda Mazingira la [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://navidesobh.ir/?p=744 |title=نوید صبح {{!}} حضور شهربانو امانی، (نماینده پیشین مردم ارومیه در مجلس شورای اسلامی ) در دفتر نوید صبح |website=navidesobh.ir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926203401/http://navidesobh.ir/?p=744 |archive-date=2013-09-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] hvf3d5dehzvix87i32stgyz2iiqid7q 0 237654 1548447 2026-05-22T15:14:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Allan L. Edmunds''' (alizaliwa [[1949]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo 1973, alianzisha Brandywine Graphic Workshop huko [[Philadelphia]].<ref name="SAAM">{{cite web |title=Allan L. Edmunds |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/allan-l-edmunds-1409 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] Jamii:Waliozali...' 1548447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Allan L. Edmunds''' (alizaliwa [[1949]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo 1973, alianzisha Brandywine Graphic Workshop huko [[Philadelphia]].<ref name="SAAM">{{cite web |title=Allan L. Edmunds |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/allan-l-edmunds-1409 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ajm1ozgimqawle5k8abqzq90lijqljf 0 237655 1548448 2026-05-22T15:16:32Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Taurotragus oryx.jpg|thumb|Pofu akinywa maji katika dimbwi la Chudop kwenye Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Etosha, Namibia]] '''Pofu''' (jina la kisayansi: '''''Taurotragus oryx'''''), pia anajulikana kama '''pofu wa kawaida''' au '''pofu wa kusini''', ni aina ya [[swala]] mkubwa anayepatikana katika maeneo ya [[savana]] na nyanda za wazi katika [[Afrika Mashariki]] na [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. Pofu dume aliyekomaa ana urefu wa takriban mita 1.6 kwenda juu hadi be...' 1548448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taurotragus oryx.jpg|thumb|Pofu akinywa maji katika dimbwi la Chudop kwenye Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Etosha, Namibia]] '''Pofu''' (jina la kisayansi: '''''Taurotragus oryx'''''), pia anajulikana kama '''pofu wa kawaida''' au '''pofu wa kusini''', ni aina ya [[swala]] mkubwa anayepatikana katika maeneo ya [[savana]] na nyanda za wazi katika [[Afrika Mashariki]] na [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. Pofu dume aliyekomaa ana urefu wa takriban mita 1.6 kwenda juu hadi begani na anaweza kuwa na uzito wa hadi kilo 942, ingawa uzito wa kawaida huwa kati ya kilo 500 hadi 600. Pofu jike huwa na urefu wa takriban mita 1.4 na uzito wa kati ya kilo 340 hadi 445.<ref name=Pappas>{{cite journal | url = http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/689_Taurotragus_oryx.pdf | last = Pappas | first = LA | author2 = Elaine Anderson | author3 = Lui Marnelli | author4 = Virginia Hayssen | date = 5 July 2002 | journal = [[Mammalian Species]] | pages = 1–5 | title = Taurotragus oryx | volume = 689 | doi = 10.1644/1545-1410(2002)689<0001:TO>2.0.CO;2 | s2cid = 198968884 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111223133831/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/689_Taurotragus_oryx.pdf | archive-date = 23 December 2011 }}</ref> Mnyama huyu alielezewa kisayansi kwa mara ya kwanza na [[Peter Simon Pallas]] mnamo mwaka 1766. Kama mnyama anayekula majani, chakula chake kikuu ni nyasi na majani ya miti. Pofu wa kawaida huwa na tabia ya kuishi kwenye makundi makubwa ya hadi wanyama 500, lakini hawana tabia ya kulinda maeneo yao binafsi. Pofu hupendelea kuishi katika maeneo yenye mimea mbalimbali ya maua kama vile savana, maeneo ya misitu minene kiasi, na nyanda za nyasi za wazi au za milimani; huepuka kuishi kwenye misitu minene sana. Wanawasiliana na kuonya wengine kuhusu hatari kwa kutumia sauti kubwa za kubwaka, mienendo ya miili yao inayoonekana, na tabia ya kukunja mdomo wa juu ili kunusa harufu ya mkojo au homoni (flehmen response). Pofu hutumiwa na binadamu kwa ajili ya kupata [[ngozi]] na nyama, na wamekuwa wakifugwa katika maeneo ya Afrika ya Kusini. Maziwa ya pofu yana mafuta mengi zaidi kuliko maziwa ya ng'ombe, na yanaweza kuhifadhiwa kwa hadi miezi minane bila kuharibika. Mnyama huyu ni mwenyeji wa nchi za [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Eswatini]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]], [[Namibia]], [[Rwanda]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[Sudani Kusini]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]], na [[Zimbabwe]], lakini kwa sasa hapatikani tena nchini [[Burundi]]. Ingawa idadi ya pofu duniani inapungua, bado amewekwa kwenye kundi la wanyama wasio na hatari kubwa ya kutoweka na Umoja wa Mataifa wa Uhifadhi wa Mazingira (IUCN). == Asili ya jina == Jina la kisayansi la pofu ni ''Taurotragus oryx'', ambalo limeundwa na maneno matatu: ''tauros'', ''tragos'', na ''oryx''. ''Tauros'' ni neno la [[Kigiriki]] linalomaanisha dume la ng'ombe, ambalo lina maana sawa na neno la [[Kilatini]] ''taurus''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Taurus|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/taurus|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> ''Tragos'' ni neno la Kigiriki linalomaanisha beberu (dume la mbuzi), likiashiria fungu la nywele zinazoota kwenye masikio ya pofu na kufanana kwake na ndevu za mbuzi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harper|first=Douglas|title=Tragos|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=tragos&searchmode=none|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> ''Oryx'' ni neno la Kilatini na Kigiriki linalomaanisha sururu au Shoka la kupasulia mawe, likiashiria pembe zilizochongoka za aina za swala wa Afrika Kaskazini pamoja na pofu wenyewe.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harper|first=Douglas|title=Oryx|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=Taurotragus+oryx&searchmode=none|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> Jina la Kiingereza la mnyama huyu, "eland", linatokana na lugha ya [[Kiafrikaans]] likimaanisha "kulungu mkubwa" (elk au moose),<ref name=TT>{{cite web|url=http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/common_eland.htm |title=Common Eland |publisher=Tititudorancea.com |date=14 October 2010 |access-date=5 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717063215/http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/common_eland.htm |archive-date=July 17, 2011 }}</ref> likitokea kwenye neno la Kiholanzi ''eland'', ambalo lilitokana na neno la Kijerumani cha zamani ''Elend'', na labda neno la Kilithuania cha zamani ''ellenis''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eland|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/eland?q=eland|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714001837/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/eland?q=eland|archive-date=July 14, 2012|work=[[Oxford University Press]]|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Eland|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/eland|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> Wakati walowezi wa [[Kiholanzi]] walipofika katika Rasi ya Tumaini Jema (Cape of Good Hope), walimwita mnyama huyu jina hilo kwa sababu alikuwa mkubwa na mla-majani kama kulungu wa Ulaya aitwaye *moose*. Katika lugha ya Kiholanzi, mnyama huyu huitwa "eland antelope" (swala pofu) ili kumtofautisha na kulungu *moose* anayepatikana kwenye misitu ya kaskazini ya Ulaya na Amerika.<ref name=TT/> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Tanzania]] b6g70542s03e3ri13i1gey72flo86wo 0 237656 1548449 2026-05-22T15:16:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Khan Zahir od-Dowleh''' (29 Agosti 1864 – 1924) alikuwa mwanasiasa na msomi wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa ukoo wa Davalu kutoka [[Kabila la Qajar]], alikuwa mtoto wa [[Mohammad Naser Khan Zahir od-Dowleh]].{{sfn|Hasani|2020}} == Wasifu == Baada ya kifo cha baba yake mnamo mwaka 1877, na kutokana na uaminifu ambao [[Naser al-Din Shah]] alikuwa nao kwa familia hiyo, Ali Khan aliteuliwa kuhudumu katika jumba la kifalme akipewa jina lilelile...' 1548449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Khan Zahir od-Dowleh''' (29 Agosti 1864 – 1924) alikuwa mwanasiasa na msomi wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa ukoo wa Davalu kutoka [[Kabila la Qajar]], alikuwa mtoto wa [[Mohammad Naser Khan Zahir od-Dowleh]].{{sfn|Hasani|2020}} == Wasifu == Baada ya kifo cha baba yake mnamo mwaka 1877, na kutokana na uaminifu ambao [[Naser al-Din Shah]] alikuwa nao kwa familia hiyo, Ali Khan aliteuliwa kuhudumu katika jumba la kifalme akipewa jina lilelile la heshima la "''Zahir od-Dowleh''" na kupewa nafasi ya Waziri wa Sherehe. Cheo chake kilikuwa kinaheshimika sana kiasi kwamba, akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, aliozwa kwa mmoja wa binti za Shah aliyeitwa [[Forugh od-Dowleh]].<ref>Hegmataneh to Hamedan, p. 565</ref> Baadaye aliongoza mikoa kadhaa kama gavana. Mnamo mwaka 1885 AH, akawa mfuasi wa Safi Ali Shah na kuanzisha jumuiya ya [[Anjoman-e Okhovat]] (Jumuiya ya Udugu). Wakati wa mlipuko wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Uajemi]], alijiunga na wapigania katiba. Wakati wa [[Ushambulizi wa bomu wa Majlis wa 1908|ushambulizi wa bomu wa bunge la Majlis]], nyumba yake iliharibiwa kabisa.<ref>بامداد، بدرالملوک</ref> Zahir al-Dowleh na Forugh al-Dowleh walibarikiwa kupata watoto wa kiume watatu na wa kike wanne, akiwemo Valiyeh Safa (Forugh al-Molk, ambaye alikuwa msanii, msiri wa kidini/mystic, na mwanaharakati wa katiba) na Mohammad Naser Safa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 6stxo55zs37gjfdzjrfrzc9ugunsnfu 0 237657 1548455 2026-05-22T15:20:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mirza Ali Asghar Khan''' (6 Januari 1858 &ndash; 31 Agosti 1907), anajulikana pia kwa majina yake ya heshima kama '''Amin al-Soltan''' na '''Atabak''', alikuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar|Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1887 hadi 1896 chini ya [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar|Naser ed-Din Shah Qajar]], kuanzia mwaka 1898 hadi 1904 chini ya [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar|Mozaffar ed-Din Shah Qajar]], na kuanzia Mei 1907 hadi alipouawa kwa assassination mnamo Agosti 190...' 1548455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Ali Asghar Khan''' (6 Januari 1858 &ndash; 31 Agosti 1907), anajulikana pia kwa majina yake ya heshima kama '''Amin al-Soltan''' na '''Atabak''', alikuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar|Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1887 hadi 1896 chini ya [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar|Naser ed-Din Shah Qajar]], kuanzia mwaka 1898 hadi 1904 chini ya [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar|Mozaffar ed-Din Shah Qajar]], na kuanzia Mei 1907 hadi alipouawa kwa assassination mnamo Agosti 1907 chini ya [[Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar]]. == Maisha ya mapema == Ali Asghar alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 6 Januari 1858. Alikuwa mtoto wa pili wa kiume wa Agha Ebrahim, waziri mwenye ushawishi mkubwa katika jumba la kifalme mwenye asili ya [[Wajojia]] (Georgians).<ref>Rahimi, MalekMohammad. Gorji haye Iran. Esfahan: Yekta, (2000). (The Georgians of Iran)</ref><ref>Amanat: AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN, ĀQĀ EBRĀHĪM. Encyclopedia Iranica, 1989, pp. 949–951.</ref> Ali Asghar alipofikisha umri wa miaka 15, alianza kumsaidia baba yake katika masuala ya kisiasa. Mwaka uliofuata, Ali Asghar na baba yake walimsindikiza Naser al-Din Shah kwenye hija yake katika miji mitakatifu ya [[Uislamu wa Shia]] ya [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiya]], na [[Samarra]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1858|1907}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] t8hukbn8clqbydz081rjzo000x63dvb 0 237658 1548457 2026-05-22T15:23:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Amini''' (j12 Septemba 1905&ndash;12 Desemba 1992) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] ambaye alikuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi 1962. Alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uwaziri katika baraza la mawaziri wakati wa miaka ya 1950, na alihudumu kama mbunge kati ya mwaka 1947 na 1949. Amini alichukuliwa sana na wengi kama "mshirika wa karibu wa Marekani"<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=P.|editor-last1=Avery|editor-first2=William|editor-last2...' 1548457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Amini''' (j12 Septemba 1905&ndash;12 Desemba 1992) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] ambaye alikuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi 1962. Alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uwaziri katika baraza la mawaziri wakati wa miaka ya 1950, na alihudumu kama mbunge kati ya mwaka 1947 na 1949. Amini alichukuliwa sana na wengi kama "mshirika wa karibu wa Marekani"<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=P.|editor-last1=Avery|editor-first2=William|editor-last2=Bayne Fisher|editor-first3=G. R. G.|editor-last3=Hambly|editor-first4=C.|editor-last4=Melville|year=1990|title=The Cambridge History of Iran|volume=7|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200950|page=275}}</ref> na "mwanamageuzi mwenye mtazamo wa kiliberali na anayeiunga mkono Marekani".<ref>{{cite book|author=Parvin Paydar| title=Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=139|year=1995|isbn=978-0-521-59572-8}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1905|1992}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 1vngevbna2pftgj9rhsdwtwrvq8bv68 4 237659 1548460 2026-05-22T15:28:46Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Portal navigation | portalname = <div style="background-image: url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Serengeti_Acacia_Sunset.jpg'); background-size: cover; background-position: center right; padding: 30px; border-radius: 8px; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000; text-align: left; min-height: 80px;"><span style="font-size: 1.5em; display: block; margin-bottom: 5px;"></span><span style="font-size: 2.3em; l...' 1548460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = <div style="background-image: url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Serengeti_Acacia_Sunset.jpg'); background-size: cover; background-position: center right; padding: 30px; border-radius: 8px; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #000000; text-align: left; min-height: 80px;"><span style="font-size: 1.5em; display: block; margin-bottom: 5px;"></span><span style="font-size: 2.3em; line-height: 1.1em;">Mradi wa Wanyama Tanzania</span></div> | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.4em #1B5E20; padding-top:10px; padding-bottom:5px; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2E7D32 | icon1 = [[File:Home font awesome.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab1 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania|Maskani]] | icon2 = [[File:Gnome-address-book-new.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab2 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania/Orodha|Orodha ya Wanyama]] | icon3 = [[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab3 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania/Uhifadhi|Hifadhi na Uhifadhi]] | icon4 = [[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab4 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania/Ikolojia|Mazingira na Ikolojia]] | icon5 = [[File:Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab5 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania/Kamusi|Istilahi za Kibaolojia]] | icon6 = [[File:File-invoice-solid.svg|x30px|class=skin-invert]] | tab6 = [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa wanyama Tanzania/Takwimu|Ripoti na Takwimu]] | active = {{{|1}}} | hidesubnav = {{{hidesubnav|}}} }} '''Mradi wa Wanyama Tanzania''' ni mradi maalum wa hiyari katika [[Wikipedia]] ya Kiswahili unaokusudia kukusanya, kuandika, kutafsiri, na kuhifadhi makala za kina na sahihi zinazohusu wanyamapori, mamalia, ndege, wadudu, na viumbe hai wote wanaopatikana nchini Tanzania. Kupitia mradi huu, tunalenga kuondoa upungufu wa maelezo ya kisayansi na kiikolojia kwa lugha ya Kiswahili, tukiwasaidia wanafunzi, watafiti, wadau wa mazingira, na jamii kwa ujumla kupata maarifa sahihi kuhusu urithi wa asili wa Tanzania. == Malengo ya mradi == *Kuongeza Makala Mpya: Kuandika kuhusu wanyama wote wa Tanzania ambao hawajajumuishwa bado kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. *Kuboresha Makala za Mbegu: Kupanua makala fupi kwa kuongeza maelezo ya tabia, makazi, lishe, na uzazi wa wanyama. *Kuweka Masanduku ya Taarifa (Infoboxes): Kuhakikisha kila mnyama ana sanduku la habari lenye maelezo sahihi ya kisayansi. *Kusawazisha Lugha: Kutumia majina sahihi ya Kiswahili yanayokubalika sanifu pamoja na majina yao ya kisayansi (Kilatini). == Jamii Zilizounganishwa == * `[[Jamii:Wanyama wa Tanzania]]` * `[[Jamii:Mamalia wa Tanzania]]` * `[[Jamii:Miradi ya Wikipedia]]` [[Jamii:Miradi ya Wikipedia]] 2rzfjp9brgtmm036o5l0unmgzoind9b 0 237660 1548461 2026-05-22T15:30:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shamseddin Amir-Alai''' ( 1900–Agosti 1994) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]] na Waziri wa Sheria katika [[Serikali ya Mohammad Mosaddegh|baraza la kwanza la mawaziri]] la [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]]. Pia, alishika nyadhifa nyingine mbalimbali za kiserikali na za kidiplomasia. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Amir-Alai alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] mnamo mwaka 1900. Baba yak...' 1548461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shamseddin Amir-Alai''' ( 1900–Agosti 1994) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]] na Waziri wa Sheria katika [[Serikali ya Mohammad Mosaddegh|baraza la kwanza la mawaziri]] la [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]]. Pia, alishika nyadhifa nyingine mbalimbali za kiserikali na za kidiplomasia. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Amir-Alai alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] mnamo mwaka 1900. Baba yake alikuwa Ali Akbar Khan Najd al Saltanah. Alitunukiwa shahada ya kwanza ya udhahiri katika fani ya fedha na utawala kutoka chuo kikuu kimoja huko [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo mwaka 1964, alipata shahada ya uzamivu ([[PhD]]) ya sayansi ya siasa mjini [[Paris]]. == Kazi na shughuli == Baada ya kurejea nchini Iran, Amir-Alai alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Posta na baadaye katika [[Wizara ya Sheria (Iran)|Wizara ya Sheria]].Katika wizara hiyo ya sheria, alihudumu kama jaji.<ref name=pinar>{{cite thesis|title=Discursive continuity of political nationalism as a form of opposition politics in modern Iran|author=Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya|url=https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/25256|location=[[Middle East Technical University]]|page=136|degree=PhD|year=2015|hdl=11511/25256}}</ref> Baadaye, alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Kilimo kama afisa mwandamizi.<ref name=qdl>{{cite web|title=File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia|publisher=[[Qatar Digital Library]]|access-date=16 August 2023|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100061134244.0x000009|year=1948|quote=Citing from the British India Office Records and Private Papers}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 1946, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo baada ya kuhudumu kama kaimu waziri katika [[Serikali ya Ahmad Qavam (1946)|baraza la mawaziri]] lililoongozwa na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu]] [[Ahmad Qavam]].<ref name=uniw>{{cite thesis|author=Manshour Varasteh|author-link=Manshour Varasteh|title=Ascent and Descent of Marxist forces in Contemporary Iran Case Study: People's Fedaii & Tudeh Party |location=University of Wales (Aberythwyth)|page=66|degree=PhD|date=April 2003|citeseerx=10.1.1.857.3260|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZEyxQEACAAJ}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1994}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] mpx4dt1arm9z0k48b0ii91syqezw1sq 0 237661 1548462 2026-05-22T15:32:38Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carlo Pittore''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Charles J. Stanley'''; [[Mei 14]], [[1943]] – [[Julai 17]], [[2005]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/attractions/carlo-pittore-leslie-lohman-museum-of-gay-and-lesbian-art-december-22-2010 |title=Carlo Pittore |last=Out |first=Time |date=December 22, 2010 |publisher=www.timeout.com |access-date=July 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427120501/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/...' 1548462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlo Pittore''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Charles J. Stanley'''; [[Mei 14]], [[1943]] – [[Julai 17]], [[2005]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/attractions/carlo-pittore-leslie-lohman-museum-of-gay-and-lesbian-art-december-22-2010 |title=Carlo Pittore |last=Out |first=Time |date=December 22, 2010 |publisher=www.timeout.com |access-date=July 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427120501/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/attractions/carlo-pittore-leslie-lohman-museum-of-gay-and-lesbian-art-december-22-2010 |archive-date=April 27, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) alikuwa [[mchoraji]], mwalimu, mwanaharakati wa sanaa, na mchapishaji nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi katika vuguvugu la Mail Art, na alijulikana kwa kufungua jumba la kwanza la sanaa la mtu binafsi katika East Village, [[Manhattan]]. Mwaka [[1987]], Pittore alianzisha "Academy of Carlo Pittore" huko Bowdoinham,[[ Maine]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] 1d38axjwm8vuyc1nar7hyq4mq7e201q 0 237662 1548465 2026-05-22T15:35:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sam Khan''', kiongozi wa kabila la [[Haji-Alilu]] kutoka [[Arasbaran]], alikuwa kamanda wa kijeshi wa hadithi katika mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini. Alipewa majina ya heshima kama vile Arshad Nezam, Sardar Arshad, Shoja Nezam, Salar Nezam, na '''Amir Arshad''' ('''[[w:fa:امیر ارشد|امیر ارشد]]'''). Katika kumbukumbu za kihistoria za enzi za [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]], Amir Arshad anatajwa kama kamanda wa wanajeshi wa farasi waliokuwa wam...' 1548465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sam Khan''', kiongozi wa kabila la [[Haji-Alilu]] kutoka [[Arasbaran]], alikuwa kamanda wa kijeshi wa hadithi katika mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini. Alipewa majina ya heshima kama vile Arshad Nezam, Sardar Arshad, Shoja Nezam, Salar Nezam, na '''Amir Arshad''' ('''[[w:fa:امیر ارشد|امیر ارشد]]'''). Katika kumbukumbu za kihistoria za enzi za [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]], Amir Arshad anatajwa kama kamanda wa wanajeshi wa farasi waliokuwa wamewekwa huko [[Arasbaran|Qaradağ]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aharri.com/?p=77 |title=امیر ارشد کوتاه در باره امیر ارشد قره داغی &#124; قره داغ تورکلری – سایت سرگرمی تفریحی اهر |accessdate=2014-02-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309030143/http://www.aharri.com/?p=77 |archivedate=2014-03-09 }}</ref> Amir Arshad na kaka yake, Moḥammad Ḥosayn Khan Sardār(-e) Ashayer, waliwaunga mkono watetezi wa katiba (Constitutionalists) wakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Uajemi]]. Katika majira ya baridi ya mwaka 1909–10, walisaidia majeshi ya mapinduzi kuwazidi nguvu na kuwaponda kabila la [[Chalabianlu]] pamoja na washirika wao, ambao chini ya uongozi wa [[Rahimkhan Chalabianloo]], walikuwa waungaji mkono wakuu wa mfalme aliyepinduliwa [[Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar]]. Kutokana na hali hiyo, katika kipindi cha mwaka 1911-1920, Amir Arshad alikuwa akitawala kwa ufanisi eneo la [[Arasbaran]], ambalo ni eneo kubwa lililopo kaskazini mwa [[Tabriz]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/haji-alilu | title=ḤĀJI ʿALILU – Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1850|1922}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] tdl4og1d38x5v7zlh92ybwyj2grjv1r 0 237663 1548466 2026-05-22T15:36:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernard E. Peters''' ([[1893]] – [[1949]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Ste. Genevieve Art Colony huko [[Missouri]].<ref name="Missouri Remembers">{{cite web |title=Bernard E. Peters |url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem306/ |website=Missouri Remembers |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1893]] Jamii...' 1548466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard E. Peters''' ([[1893]] – [[1949]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Ste. Genevieve Art Colony huko [[Missouri]].<ref name="Missouri Remembers">{{cite web |title=Bernard E. Peters |url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem306/ |website=Missouri Remembers |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1893]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1949]] 3ehe6y2iuowyxpuqrak7ob8orehgtjq 4 237664 1548467 2026-05-22T15:38:24Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Na. !! Jina la Kiingereza !! Jina la Kiswahili |- | 1 || [[:en:List of mammals of Tanzania|List of mammals of Tanzania]] || [[:sw:Orodha ya mamalia wa Tanzania|Orodha ya mamalia wa Tanzania]] |- | 2 || [[:en:List of mammals of Zanzibar|List of mammals of Zanzibar]] || [[:sw:Orodha ya mamalia wa Zanzibar|Orodha ya mamalia wa Zanzibar]] |- ! colspan="3" | A |- | 3 || [[:en:Abbott's duiker|Abbott's duiker]] || :sw:Minde|Minde...' 1548467 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Na. !! Jina la Kiingereza !! Jina la Kiswahili |- | 1 || [[:en:List of mammals of Tanzania|List of mammals of Tanzania]] || [[:sw:Orodha ya mamalia wa Tanzania|Orodha ya mamalia wa Tanzania]] |- | 2 || [[:en:List of mammals of Zanzibar|List of mammals of Zanzibar]] || [[:sw:Orodha ya mamalia wa Zanzibar|Orodha ya mamalia wa Zanzibar]] |- ! colspan="3" | A |- | 3 || [[:en:Abbott's duiker|Abbott's duiker]] || [[:sw:Minde|Minde]] |- | 4 || [[:en:African striped weasel|African striped weasel]] || [[:sw:Kicheche milia|Kicheche milia]] |- | 5 || [[:en:African wildcat|African wildcat]] || [[:sw:Paka-pori|Paka-pori]] |- | 6 || [[:en:Angola colobus|Angola colobus]] || [[:sw:Mbega mweusi wa Angola|Mbega mweusi wa Angola]] |- ! colspan="3" | B |- | 7 || [[:en:Bat-eared fox|Bat-eared fox]] || [[:sw:Bweha masikio|Bweha masikio]] |- | 8 || [[:en:Black and rufous sengi|Black and rufous sengi]] || [[:sw:Sengi rangi-mbili|Sengi rangi-mbili]] |- | 9 || [[:en:Black-backed jackal|Black-backed jackal]] || [[:sw:Bweha wa dondoo|Bweha wa dondoo]] |- | 10 || [[:en:Blue monkey|Blue monkey]] || [[:sw:Kima kichele|Kima kichele]] |- | 11 || [[:en:Brown greater galago|Brown greater galago]] || [[:sw:Komba mkubwa kahawia|Komba mkubwa kahawia]] |- | 12 || [[:en:Bushveld horseshoe bat|Bushveld horseshoe bat]] || [[:sw:Popo-kwato wa vichaka|Popo-kwato wa vichaka]] |- | 13 || [[:en:Bushy-tailed mongoose|Bushy-tailed mongoose]] || [[:sw:Nguchiro-miti mkia-mnene|Nguchiro-miti mkia-mnene]] |- ! colspan="3" | C |- | 14 || [[:en:Coke's hartebeest|Coke's hartebeest]] || [[:sw:Kongoni wa Coke|Kongoni wa Coke]] |- | 15 || [[:en:Common dwarf mongoose|Common dwarf mongoose]] || [[:sw:Nguchiro mdogo|Nguchiro mdogo]] |- | 16 || [[:en:Common eland|Common eland]] || [[:sw:Pofu|Pofu]] |- | 17 || [[:en:Common tsessebe|Common tsessebe]] || [[:sw:Sassaby|Sassaby]] |- ! colspan="3" | D |- | 18 || [[:en:Damaliscus lunatus|Damaliscus lunatus]] || [[:sw:Topi|Topi]] |- | 19 || [[:en:Dar es Salaam pipistrelle|Dar es Salaam pipistrelle]] || [[:sw:Popo-kichwa-panya wa Dar es Salaam|Popo-kichwa-panya wa Dar es Salaam]] |- | 20 || [[:en:Delicate mouse|Delicate mouse]] || [[:sw:Panya mrembo|Panya mrembo]] |- | 21 || [[:en:Desperate shrew|Desperate shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa pua-ndefu|Kirukanjia wa pua-ndefu]] |- ! colspan="3" | E |- | 22 || [[:en:East African cheetah|East African cheetah]] || [[:sw:Duma wa Afrika Mashariki|Duma wa Afrika Mashariki]] |- | 23 || [[:en:East African oryx|East African oryx]] || [[:sw:Choroa wa Afrika Mashariki|Choroa wa Afrika Mashariki]] |- | 24 || [[:en:East African springhare]] || [[:sw:Kamendegere wa Afrika Mashariki|Kamendegere wa Afrika Mashariki]] |- | 25 || [[:en:East African wild dog|East African wild dog]] || [[:sw:Mbwa-mwitu wa Afrika Mashariki|Mbwa-mwitu wa Afrika Mashariki]] |- | 26 || [[:en:Eastern chimpanzee|Eastern chimpanzee]] || [[:sw:Sokwe mtu wa Mashariki|Sokwe mtu wa Mashariki]] |- ! colspan="3" | F |- | 27 || [[:en:Fischer's shrew|Fischer's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Fischer|Kirukanjia wa Fischer]] |- | 28 || [[:en:Four-toed elephant shrew|Four-toed elephant shrew]] || [[:sw:Sengi vidole-vine|Sengi vidole-vine]] |- | 29 || [[:en:Fringe-eared oryx|Fringe-eared oryx]] || [[:sw:Choroa masikio-yenye-nywele|Choroa masikio-yenye-nywele]] |- | 30 || [[:en:Fukomys hanangensis|Fukomys hanangensis]] || [[:sw:Panya-fuko wa Hanang|Panya-fuko wa Hanang]] |- ! colspan="3" | G |- | 31 || [[:en:Geata mouse shrew|Geata mouse shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia-panya wa Geata|Kirukanjia-panya wa Geata]] |- | 32 || [[:en:Gerenuk|Gerenuk]] || [[:sw:Swala twiga|Swala twiga]] |- | 33 || [[:en:Glover Allen's dasymys|Glover Allen's dasymys]] || [[:sw:Panya-mavi wa Glover Allen|Panya-mavi wa Glover Allen]] |- | 34 || [[:en:Grant's bushbaby|Grant's bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Grant|Komba wa Grant]] |- | 35 || [[:en:Grant's gazelle|Grant's gazelle]] || [[:sw:Swala Granti|Swala Granti]] |- | 36 || [[:en:Grant's zebra|Grant's zebra]] || [[:sw:Punda milia wa Grant|Punda milia wa Grant]] |- | 37 || [[:en:Greater kudu|Greater kudu]] || [[:sw:Tandala mkubwa|Tandala mkubwa]] |- | 38 || [[:en:Grey-cheeked mangabey|Grey-cheeked mangabey]] || [[:sw:Mcheche madoa|Mcheche madoa]] |- | 39 || [[:en:Grey-faced sengi|Grey-faced sengi]] || [[:sw:Sengi uso-kijivu|Sengi uso-kijivu]] |- ! colspan="3" | H |- | 40 || [[:en:Harvey's duiker|Harvey's duiker]] || [[:sw:Funo wa Harvey|Funo wa Harvey]] |- | 41 || [[:en:Harwood's gerbil|Harwood's gerbil]] || [[:sw:Panya-gerbili wa Harwood|Panya-gerbili wa Harwood]] |- | 42 || [[:en:Heart-nosed bat|Heart-nosed bat]] || [[:sw:Popo pua-upanga|Popo pua-upanga]] |- | 43 || [[:en:Hildegarde's shrew|Hildegarde's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Hildegarde|Kirukanjia wa Hildegarde]] |- | 44 || [[:en:Hildegarde's tomb bat|Hildegarde's tomb bat]] || [[:sw:Popo-kaburi wa Hildegarde|Popo-kaburi wa Hildegarde]] |- | 45 || [[:en:Howell's forest shrew|Howell's forest shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia-mwitu wa Howell|Kirukanjia-mwitu wa Howell]] |- ! colspan="3" | J |- | 46 || [[:en:Jackson's shrew|Jackson's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Jackson|Kirukanjia wa Jackson]] |- ! colspan="3" | K |- | 47 || [[:en:Kenya coast galago|Kenya coast galago]] || [[:sw:Komba-pwani wa Kenya|Komba-pwani wa Kenya]] |- | 48 || [[:en:Kihaule's mouse shrew|Kihaule's mouse shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia-panya wa Kihaule|Kirukanjia-panya wa Kihaule]] |- | 49 || [[:en:Kilimanjaro mouse shrew|Kilimanjaro mouse shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia-panya wa Kilimanjaro|Kirukanjia-panya wa Kilimanjaro]] |- | 50 || [[:en:Kinda baboon|Kinda baboon]] || [[:sw:Nyani wa Kinda|Nyani wa Kinda]] |- | 51 || [[:en:Kipunji|Kipunji]] || [[:sw:Kipunji|Kipunji]] |- | 52 || [[:en:Kirk's dik-dik|Kirk's dik-dik]] || [[:sw:Digidigi wa Kirk|Digidigi wa Kirk]] |- | 53 || [[:en:Klipspringer|Klipspringer]] || [[:sw:Mbuzi-mawe|Mbuzi-mawe]] |- ! colspan="3" | L |- | 54 || [[:en:Large-eared free-tailed bat|Large-eared free-tailed bat]] || [[:sw:Popo mkia-huru masikio-makubwa|Popo mkia-huru masikio-makubwa]] |- | 55 || [[:en:Least gerbil|Least gerbil]] || [[:sw:Panya-gerbili mdogo|Panya-gerbili mdogo]] |- | 56 || [[:en:Lelwel hartebeest|Lelwel hartebeest]] || [[:sw:Kongoni wa Lelwel|Kongoni wa Lelwel]] |- | 57 || [[:en:Lesser kudu|Lesser kudu]] || [[:sw:Tandala mdogo|Tandala mdogo]] |- ! colspan="3" | M |- | 58 || [[:en:Maendeleo horseshoe bat|Maendeleo horseshoe bat]] || [[:sw:Popo-kwato wa Maendeleo|Popo-kwato wa Maendeleo]] |- | 59 || [[:en:Mantled guereza|Mantled guereza]] || [[:sw:Mbega mweupe wa mgongo-mweusi|Mbega mweupe wa mgongo-mweusi]] |- | 60 || [[:en:Masai giraffe|Masai giraffe]] || [[:sw:Twiga wa Masai|Twiga wa Masai]] |- | 61 || [[:en:Mduma's shrew|Mduma's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Mduma|Kirukanjia wa Mduma]] |- | 62 || [[:en:Meller's mongoose|Meller's mongoose]] || [[:sw:Nguchiro wa Meller|Nguchiro wa Meller]] |- | 63 || [[:en:Mohol bushbaby|Mohol bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Mohol|Komba wa Mohol]] |- | 64 || [[:en:Mount Kilimanjaro vlei rat|Mount Kilimanjaro vlei rat]] || [[:sw:Panya-mabwawa wa Kilimanjaro|Panya-mabwawa wa Kilimanjaro]] |- | 65 || [[:en:Mountain reedbuck|Mountain reedbuck]] || [[:sw:Tofala wa milimani|Tofala wa milimani]] |- | 66 || [[:en:Munissi's shrew|Munissi's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Munissi|Kirukanjia wa Munissi]] |- | 67 || [[:en:Muze spiny mouse|Muze spiny mouse]] || [[:sw:Panya-miiba wa Muze|Panya-miiba wa Muze]] |- ! colspan="3" | N |- | 68 || [[:en:Newmark's shrew|Newmark's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Newmark|Kirukanjia wa Newmark]] |- | 69 || [[:en:Nguru spiny mouse|Nguru spiny mouse]] || [[:sw:Panya-miiba wa Nguru|Panya-miiba wa Nguru]] |- | 70 || [[:en:Northern greater galago|Northern greater galago]] || [[:sw:Komba mkubwa wa Kaskazini|Komba mkubwa wa Kaskazini]] |- ! colspan="3" | P |- | 71 || [[:en:Panthera leo melanochaita|Panthera leo melanochaita]] || [[:sw:Simba wa Afrika Mashariki-Kusini|Simba wa Afrika Mashariki-Kusini]] |- | 72 || [[:en:Pemba flying fox|Pemba flying fox]] || [[:sw:Popo-popo wa Pemba|Popo-popo wa Pemba]] |- | 73 || [[:en:Percival's trident bat|Percival's trident bat]] || [[:sw:Popo-nyasi wa Percival|Popo-nyasi wa Percival]] |- | 74 || [[:en:Peters's musk shrew|Peters's musk shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia-fuko wa Peters|Kirukanjia-fuko wa Peters]] |- | 75 || [[:en:Prince Demidoff's bushbaby|Prince Demidoff's bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Demidoff|Komba wa Demidoff]] |- | 76 || [[:en:Puku|Puku]] || [[:sw:Puku|Puku]] |- ! colspan="3" | R |- | 77 || [[:en:Red forest duiker|Red forest duiker]] || [[:sw:Funo mwekundu|Funo mwekundu]] |- | 78 || [[:en:Red-tailed monkey|Red-tailed monkey]] || [[:sw:Kima mkia-mwekundu|Kima mkia-mwekundu]] |- | 79 || [[:en:Rondo dwarf galago|Rondo dwarf galago]] || [[:sw:Komba mdogo wa Rondo|Komba mdogo wa Rondo]] |- | 80 || [[:en:Rungwe dwarf galago|Rungwe dwarf galago]] || [[:sw:Komba mdogo wa Rungwe|Komba mdogo wa Rungwe]] |- | 81 || [[:en:Rungwecebus|Rungwecebus]] || [[:sw:Kipunji (jenasi)|Kipunji (jenasi)]] |- | 82 || [[:en:Ruwenzori colobus|Ruwenzori colobus]] || [[:sw:Mbega mweusi wa Ruwenzori|Mbega mweusi wa Ruwenzori]] |- ! colspan="3" | S |- | 83 || [[:en:Sable antelope|Sable antelope]] || [[:sw:Palahala|Palahala]] |- | 84 || [[:en:Sanje mangabey|Sanje mangabey]] || [[:sw:Mcheche wa Sanje|Mcheche wa Sanje]] |- | 85 || [[:en:Senegal bushbaby|Senegal bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Senegal|Komba wa Senegal]] |- | 86 || [[:en:Serval|Serval]] || [[:sw:Mondo|Mondo]] |- | 87 || [[:en:Seychelles fruit bat|Seychelles fruit bat]] || [[:sw:Popo-matunda wa Shelisheli|Popo-matunda wa Shelisheli]] |- | 88 || [[:en:Sharpe's grysbok|Sharpe's grysbok]] || [[:sw:Dondoo|Dondoo]] |- | 89 || [[:en:Silver monkey|Silver monkey]] || [[:sw:Kima mweupe|Kima mweupe]] |- | 90 || [[:en:Silvery greater galago|Silvery greater galago]] || [[:sw:Komba mkubwa wa rangi ya fedha|Komba mkubwa wa rangi ya fedha]] |- | 91 || [[:en:Single-striped grass mouse|Single-striped grass mouse]] || [[:sw:Panya-nyasi mstari-mmoja|Panya-nyasi mstari-mmoja]] |- | 92 || [[:en:Sitatunga|Sitatunga]] || [[:sw:Nzohe|Nzohe]] |- | 93 || [[:en:Sokoke dog mongoose|Sokoke dog mongoose]] || [[:sw:Nguchiro wa Sokoke|Nguchiro wa Sokoke]] |- | 94 || [[:en:Southeast African cheetah|Southeast African cheetah]] || [[:sw:Duma wa Afrika Kusini-Mashariki|Duma wa Afrika Kusini-Mashariki]] |- | 95 || [[:en:Southern giant pouched rat|Southern giant pouched rat]] || [[:sw:Panya Buku|Panya Buku]] |- | 96 || [[:en:Southern patas monkey|Southern patas monkey]] || [[:sw:Kima mwekundu wa Kusini|Kima mwekundu wa Kusini]] |- | 97 || [[:en:Steenbok|Steenbok]] || [[:sw:Tandala mdogo / Isha|Isha]] |- | 98 || [[:en:Suni|Suni]] || [[:sw:Paa mwekundu|Paa mwekundu]] |- | 99 || [[:en:Swynnerton's bush squirrel|Swynnerton's bush squirrel]] || [[:sw:Kindi-miti wa Swynnerton|Kindi-miti wa Swynnerton]] |- | 100 || [[:en:Sykes' monkey|Sykes' monkey]] || [[:sw:Kima kichele wa Sykes|Kima kichele wa Sykes]] |- ! colspan="3" | T |- | 101 || [[:en:Tanzanian shaggy rat|Tanzanian shaggy rat]] || [[:sw:Panya manyoya-shagima wa Tanzania|Panya manyoya-shagima wa Tanzania]] |- | 102 || [[:en:Tanzanian shrew|Tanzanian shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Tanzania|Kirukanjia wa Tanzania]] |- | 103 || [[:en:Telford's shrew|Telford's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Telford|Kirukanjia wa Telford]] |- | 104 || [[:en:Thomas's bushbaby|Thomas's bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Thomas|Komba wa Thomas]] |- | 105 || [[:en:Thomson's gazelle|Thomson's gazelle]] || [[:sw:Swala Tomoni|Swala Tomoni]] |- | 106 || [[:en:Topi|Topi]] || [[:sw:Topi|Topi]] |- ! colspan="3" | U |- | 107 || [[:en:Udzungwa red colobus|Udzungwa red colobus]] || [[:sw:Mbega mwekundu wa Udzungwa|Mbega mwekundu wa Udzungwa]] |- | 108 || [[:en:Ugandan red colobus|Ugandan red colobus]] || [[:sw:Mbega mwekundu wa Uganda|Mbega mwekundu wa Uganda]] |- | 109 || [[:en:Uluguru bushbaby|Uluguru bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Uluguru|Komba wa Uluguru]] |- | 110 || [[:en:Usambara shrew|Usambara shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Usambara|Kirukanjia wa Usambara]] |- ! colspan="3" | V |- | 111 || [[:en:Vervet monkey|Vervet monkey]] || [[:sw:Tumbili|Tumbili]] |- ! colspan="3" | X |- | 112 || [[:en:Xanthippe's shrew|Xanthippe's shrew]] || [[:sw:Kirukanjia wa Xanthippe|Kirukanjia wa Xanthippe]] |- ! colspan="3" | Y |- | 113 || [[:en:Yellow golden mole|Yellow golden mole]] || [[:sw:Fuko-dhahabu njano|Fuko-dhahabu njano]] |- ! colspan="3" | Z |- | 114 || [[:en:Zanj sun squirrel|Zanj sun squirrel]] || [[:sw:Kindi-jua wa Zanj|Kindi-jua wa Zanj]] |- | 115 || [[:en:Zanzibar bushbaby|Zanzibar bushbaby]] || [[:sw:Komba wa Zanzibar|Komba wa Zanzibar]] |- | 116 || [[:en:Zanzibar leopard|Zanzibar leopard]] || [[:sw:Chui wa Zanzibar|Chui wa Zanzibar]] |- | 117 || [[:en:Zanzibar red colobus|Zanzibar red colobus]] || [[:sw:Kima punju|Kima punju]] |- | 118 || [[:en:Zanzibar servaline genet|Zanzibar servaline genet]] || [[:sw:Kanu wa Zanzibar|Kanu wa Zanzibar]] |} lgcooxe3iutdi1d867se2ie6h6dv8vd 0 237665 1548468 2026-05-22T15:39:17Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abbas Amir-Entezam''' (18 Agosti 1932 – 12 Julai 2018) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Iran alihudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu katika [[Serikali ya Mpito ya Iran, 1979|Baraza la Mawaziri la Mpito]] la [[Mehdi Bazargan]] mnamo mwaka 1979. Mnamo mwaka 1981, alihukumiwa kifungo cha maisha jela kwa mashtaka ya kufanya ujasusi kwa niaba ya Marekani; hata hivyo, wakosoaji wanadai shtaka hilo lilikuwa kisingizio tu cha kulipiza kisasi dhidi ya msimamo wake wa mapema wa...' 1548468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbas Amir-Entezam''' (18 Agosti 1932 – 12 Julai 2018) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Iran alihudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu katika [[Serikali ya Mpito ya Iran, 1979|Baraza la Mawaziri la Mpito]] la [[Mehdi Bazargan]] mnamo mwaka 1979. Mnamo mwaka 1981, alihukumiwa kifungo cha maisha jela kwa mashtaka ya kufanya ujasusi kwa niaba ya Marekani; hata hivyo, wakosoaji wanadai shtaka hilo lilikuwa kisingizio tu cha kulipiza kisasi dhidi ya msimamo wake wa mapema wa kupinga serikali ya [[theokrasi]] (kidini) nchini Iran. Alikuwa "mfungwa wa kisiasa aliyeshikiliwa kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran".<ref name="IranianHonor">[http://www.iranian.com/BTW/2004/December/Entezam/index.html Burning candle. Honoring Abbas Amir-Entezam on the 25th anniversary of his arrest] Iranian, Masoud Kazemzadeh, 21 December 2004</ref> Kulingana na Fariba Amini, hadi kufikia mwaka 2006, alikuwa "amekaa gerezani kwa miaka 17." Mnamo Julai 2018, alifariki dunia akiwa bado anatumikia kifungo chake cha maisha, baada ya kukaa zaidi ya miaka 38 kama mfungwa wa kisiasa. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Entezam alizaliwa katika familia ya tabaka la kati mjini Tehran mnamo mwaka 1932.<ref name=darius10>{{cite web|last=Kadivar|first=Darius|title=Abbas Amir Entezam IRI's First Ambassador to Sweden (1979)|url=http://iranian.com/main/blog/darius-kadivar/diplomatic-corps-abbas-amir-entezam-iris-first-ambassador-sweden-1979.html|work=Iranian|access-date=30 July 2013|date=19 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Lorentz2010>{{cite book|author=John H. Lorentz|title=The A to Z of Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-rIhengOn0C&pg=PA92|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-7638-5|pages=92}}</ref> Alisomea uhandisi wa kielektroniki na mitambo (electro mechanical engineering) katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tehran]] na kuhitimu masomo yake mnamo mwaka 1955. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1932|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 8d71ljw6a5bbesmb6c7uf938prps2q4 0 237666 1548469 2026-05-22T15:40:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Thurman Pearson Jr.''' ([[Februari 6]], [[1876]] – [[Februari 23]], [[1951]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa mandhari na picha za watu , na mwalimu katika Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts huko [[Philadelphia]], [[Marekani]].<ref name="Dearinger">David B. Dearinger, "Joseph Thurman Pearson, Jr." ''Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design, Volume 1, 1826-1925'', (Manchester, VT: Hudson Hills Press, 2004), p. 437.<...' 1548469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Thurman Pearson Jr.''' ([[Februari 6]], [[1876]] – [[Februari 23]], [[1951]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa mandhari na picha za watu , na mwalimu katika Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts huko [[Philadelphia]], [[Marekani]].<ref name="Dearinger">David B. Dearinger, "Joseph Thurman Pearson, Jr." ''Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design, Volume 1, 1826-1925'', (Manchester, VT: Hudson Hills Press, 2004), p. 437.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1876]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1951]] ln0ln271nim8cdsrdj2vfea3x1nls2y 0 237667 1548472 2026-05-22T15:44:56Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Al Dokali Al Sayed''' (alizaliwa 20 Desemba 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea [[klabu]] ya Muaither kama kiungo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya soka == Al Sayed amecheza katika mechi nne za AFC Champions League. Alianza kwa kuingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dhidi ya Al Shabab. Baadaye aliketi...' 1548472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Al Dokali Al Sayed''' (alizaliwa 20 Desemba 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayekichezea [[klabu]] ya Muaither kama kiungo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya soka == Al Sayed amecheza katika mechi nne za AFC Champions League. Alianza kwa kuingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dhidi ya Al Shabab. Baadaye aliketi benchi bila kutumika katika sare ya 3–3 dhidi ya Tractor Sazi, na pia katika ushindi wa 3–1 dhidi ya Al Jazira. Alirudi uwanjani katika mchezo uliofuata ambapo alifunga bao lake la kwanza la AFC Champions League kupitia penalti dhidi ya Tractor Sazi, pia ikiwa ni mechi yake ya kwanza kuanza kikosini katika msimu huo. [[Mechi]] yake ya mwisho katika mashindano hayo ilikuwa kama mchezaji wa akiba katika kichapo cha 2–0 dhidi ya Al-Ahli. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] ldia4nv1i6mp5z7on99nut2xd308ude 0 237668 1548473 2026-05-22T15:45:31Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sadegh Amirazizi''' (1905–1992) alikuwa jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] na mwanasiasa alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]] mara tatu wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. Baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya mwaka 1979]], aliondoka Iran na kuhamia Paris, Ufaransa. Alifia huko mnamo mwaka 1992 na kuzikwa katika [[Makaburi ya Behesht-e Zahra]] nchini Iran. == Mais...' 1548473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sadegh Amirazizi''' (1905–1992) alikuwa jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] na mwanasiasa alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]] mara tatu wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. Baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya mwaka 1979]], aliondoka Iran na kuhamia Paris, Ufaransa. Alifia huko mnamo mwaka 1992 na kuzikwa katika [[Makaburi ya Behesht-e Zahra]] nchini Iran. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Amirazizi alizaliwa mjini Tehran mnamo mwaka 1905.<ref name=donya>{{cite news|title=از فرماندهی لشکر تا وزارت کشور|language=fa|url=https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-31/429950-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C-%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Donya-e-Eqtesad]]|date=15 December 2011}}</ref> Baba yake alikuwa Seyyed Azizullah.<ref name=donya/> Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari katika Shule ya Tarbiat, alijiunga na chuo cha maofisa wa kijeshi.Alijiunga rasmi na jeshi lililoongozwa na [[Reza Shah]] mnamo Oktoba 1924 akiwa na cheo cha [[luteni usu]] (second lieutenant) na kuanza kufanya kazi kama msaidizi katika Kikosi Huru cha Gilan. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1905|1992}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 1pfrwsidmndxb751e68etz1558wjq2j 0 237669 1548474 2026-05-22T15:45:41Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Esteban Ramón Pérez''' (alizaliwa [[1989]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyetengeneza vinyago na kuchora michoro ya media mbalimbali. Kazi yake ya kijamii na kisiasa mara nyingi ilisisitiza kumbukumbu ya kibinafsi, hali ya kiroho, na historia iliyogawanyika. Pérez alipata BFA kutoka California Institute of the Arts mwaka [[2017]] na MFA katika uchoraji na uchapishaji kutoka Yale School of Art, [[New Haven, Connecticut]], mwaka [[2019]].<ref na...' 1548474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esteban Ramón Pérez''' (alizaliwa [[1989]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyetengeneza vinyago na kuchora michoro ya media mbalimbali. Kazi yake ya kijamii na kisiasa mara nyingi ilisisitiza kumbukumbu ya kibinafsi, hali ya kiroho, na historia iliyogawanyika. Pérez alipata BFA kutoka California Institute of the Arts mwaka [[2017]] na MFA katika uchoraji na uchapishaji kutoka Yale School of Art, [[New Haven, Connecticut]], mwaka [[2019]].<ref name="AoC">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-26 |title=See Conceptuality Through the Eyes of Esteban Ramón Pérez |url=https://www.artofchoice.co/see-conceptuality-through-the-eyes-of-esteban-ramon-perez/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=Art of Choice |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 368cm260v1780hhg2bxswh74rs7y3pc 1548559 1548474 2026-05-22T18:37:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esteban Ramón Pérez''' (alizaliwa [[1989]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyetengeneza vinyago na kuchora michoro ya media mbalimbali. Kazi yake ya kijamii na kisiasa mara nyingi ilisisitiza kumbukumbu ya kibinafsi, hali ya kiroho, na historia iliyogawanyika. Pérez alipata BFA kutoka California Institute of the Arts mwaka [[2017]] na MFA katika uchoraji na uchapishaji kutoka Yale School of Art, [[New Haven, Connecticut]], mwaka [[2019]].<ref name="AoC">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-05-26 |title=See Conceptuality Through the Eyes of Esteban Ramón Pérez |url=https://www.artofchoice.co/see-conceptuality-through-the-eyes-of-esteban-ramon-perez/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=Art of Choice |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] esz94iz44xt7ex0iiidmznepwinptk2 0 237670 1548476 2026-05-22T15:49:59Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Haydar Khan Amo-oghli''' Desemba 1880 &ndash; 15 Oktoba 1921) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi wa [[Mrengo wa kushoto (siasa)|mrengo wa kushoto]] wa [[Irani|Iran,]] mtu mashuhuri wakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Uajemi]] na miongoni mwa waasisi wa [[Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Uajemi]].<ref name=HaydarSheikholeslami>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Sheikholeslami |first=Alireza | title=HAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica | access-date=2011-1...' 1548476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Haydar Khan Amo-oghli''' Desemba 1880 &ndash; 15 Oktoba 1921) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi wa [[Mrengo wa kushoto (siasa)|mrengo wa kushoto]] wa [[Irani|Iran,]] mtu mashuhuri wakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Uajemi]] na miongoni mwa waasisi wa [[Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Uajemi]].<ref name=HaydarSheikholeslami>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Sheikholeslami |first=Alireza | title=HAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica | access-date=2011-10-30|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/haydar-khan-amu-ogli}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1880|1921}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 4j7jvp43ltpw3se66j96pkz8k7r1ury 0 237671 1548477 2026-05-22T15:52:50Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jamshid Amouzegar''' ( 25 Juni 1923<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tyA_mSHZ8JgC&q=Jamshid+Amouzegar+25+June+1923&dq=Jamshid+Amouzegar+25+June+1923&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4nujtw-OIAxUP8LsIHSEKJRQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#Jamshid%20Amouzegar%2025%20June%201923 Wasifu wa Jamshid Amouzegar]</ref> – 27 Septemba 2016) alikuwa mwanauchumi, mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]], na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 7 Ago...' 1548477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamshid Amouzegar''' ( 25 Juni 1923<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tyA_mSHZ8JgC&q=Jamshid+Amouzegar+25+June+1923&dq=Jamshid+Amouzegar+25+June+1923&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4nujtw-OIAxUP8LsIHSEKJRQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#Jamshid%20Amouzegar%2025%20June%201923 Wasifu wa Jamshid Amouzegar]</ref> – 27 Septemba 2016) alikuwa mwanauchumi, mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]], na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 7 Agosti 1977 hadi alipojiuzulu mnamo tarehe 27 Agosti 1978. Alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa pili na wa nne wa [[Chama cha Rastakhiz]] kuanzia mwaka 1976 hadi 1977 na mnamo mwaka 1978. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|Waziri wa Fedha]] katika baraza la mawaziri la [[Amir-Abbas Hoveida]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Jamshid alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 25 Juni 1923 mjini [[Tehran]], [[Uajemi ya Qajar|Iran]]. Baba yake alikuwa Habibollah Amouzegar, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa mashuhuri, na alikuwa na kaka yake aliyeitwa [[Jahangir Amouzegar|Jahangir]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Marziyeh Bazyar|author2=Robert Steele|title="The Shah's House Became the People's House": Narrating Iran's Modern History at the Pahlavi Dynasty Museum|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=56|issue=3|date=May 2023|doi=10.1017/irn.2023.23|page=504|s2cid=258985280 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2016}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] in7xp9gr8546ph0ptspakmjoio0wa4b 0 237672 1548482 2026-05-22T16:07:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sidney Geist''' ([[Aprili 11]], [[1914]] – [[Oktoba 18]], [[2005]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa uchongaji wake na sanaa yake ya ukosoaji.<ref name="Art In Embassies">{{cite web |title=Sidney Geist – U.S. Department of State |url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/sidney_geist/ |website=Art In Embassies |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BnF Services">{{cite web |title=Sidney Geist (1914-2005) |url=https://data.bnf...' 1548482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sidney Geist''' ([[Aprili 11]], [[1914]] – [[Oktoba 18]], [[2005]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa uchongaji wake na sanaa yake ya ukosoaji.<ref name="Art In Embassies">{{cite web |title=Sidney Geist – U.S. Department of State |url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/sidney_geist/ |website=Art In Embassies |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BnF Services">{{cite web |title=Sidney Geist (1914-2005) |url=https://data.bnf.fr/en/12741221/sidney_geist/ |website=BnF Services |access-date=25 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] amdzzb5grzkcjjb4omv9gui6efybmbo 0 237673 1548483 2026-05-22T16:08:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hesham Shaban''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya beki na alikuwa akiichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Mwaka 2008, <ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA.com - FIFA Player Statistics: Hesham SHABAN|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=297906/index.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref>Shaban aliichezea Libya mara tano kati...' 1548483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hesham Shaban''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya beki na alikuwa akiichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Mwaka 2008, <ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA.com - FIFA Player Statistics: Hesham SHABAN|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=297906/index.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref>Shaban aliichezea Libya mara tano katika mechi za kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2010, na alifunga bao katika ushindi wa mabao 4–0 dhidi ya Lesotho.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> Alishiriki Mashindano ya CHAN mwaka 2009 na pia alifunga bao kwa timu iliyoshinda fainali ya Kombe la Libya msimu wa 2008–09. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] mptgbns5fldpo1dy8eta6heej78zf40 1548568 1548483 2026-05-22T18:54:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hesham Shaban''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya beki na alikuwa akiichezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Ittihad. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Mwaka 2008, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FIFA.com - FIFA Player Statistics: Hesham SHABAN|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=297906/index.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=FIFA.com}}</ref>Shaban aliichezea Libya mara tano katika mechi za kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2010, na alifunga bao katika ushindi wa mabao 4–0 dhidi ya Lesotho.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> Alishiriki Mashindano ya CHAN mwaka 2009 na pia alifunga bao kwa timu iliyoshinda fainali ya Kombe la Libya msimu wa 2008–09. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] t9k047efrqmxeita5mad3cqsxr7ka60 0 237674 1548486 2026-05-22T16:12:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fahmi El-Shami''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Aliwahi kucheza katika ligi ya NPSL.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MISL-Fahmi El Shami|url=https://www.nasljerseys.com/MISL/Players/E/ElShami.Fahmi.htm|work=www.nasljerseys.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1548486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fahmi El-Shami''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Aliwahi kucheza katika ligi ya NPSL.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MISL-Fahmi El Shami|url=https://www.nasljerseys.com/MISL/Players/E/ElShami.Fahmi.htm|work=www.nasljerseys.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j8r4kh8kuqyx2ypb90qv1vc0ikg0x2p 1548560 1548486 2026-05-22T18:38:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fahmi El-Shami''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Aliwahi kucheza katika ligi ya NPSL.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MISL-Fahmi El Shami|url=https://www.nasljerseys.com/MISL/Players/E/ElShami.Fahmi.htm|work=www.nasljerseys.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 48hujdtgmw3y2egelbdmxzzyr6rb2i3 0 237675 1548487 2026-05-22T16:16:09Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Al-Shareef''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyezaliwa mwaka 1989. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Hilal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ارتياح فى الترسانة بعد اعتماد اللائحة الجديدة|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/125008|work=المصري اليوم|date=2011-11-11|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar|author=هشام محيسن}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ليبي يعزز هجوم «الملعب ال...' 1548487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Al-Shareef''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyezaliwa mwaka 1989. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Hilal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ارتياح فى الترسانة بعد اعتماد اللائحة الجديدة|url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/125008|work=المصري اليوم|date=2011-11-11|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar|author=هشام محيسن}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ليبي يعزز هجوم «الملعب القابسي» التونسي|url=https://alwasat.ly/news/sports/34337|work=alwasat.ly|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar|author=بوابة الوسط}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] t8o7plnq0i8aa110m5w5tt3ze2ths6m 0 237676 1548488 2026-05-22T16:16:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Matthew Schreiber''' (alizaliwa [[1967]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake katika holografia na kwa sanamu zake za taa za leza. Anajulikana kwa kuunda kazi kwa kutumia leza zenye nguvu ya wati 25 na lenzi za macho ili kuunda mazingira ya picha za anga na holografia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview With Matthew Schreiber|url=https://www.visualatelier8.com/interviews/matthew-schreiber|access-date=October 16...' 1548488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Schreiber''' (alizaliwa [[1967]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake katika holografia na kwa sanamu zake za taa za leza. Anajulikana kwa kuunda kazi kwa kutumia leza zenye nguvu ya wati 25 na lenzi za macho ili kuunda mazingira ya picha za anga na holografia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview With Matthew Schreiber|url=https://www.visualatelier8.com/interviews/matthew-schreiber|access-date=October 16, 2020|website=Visual Atelier 8|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hgpqc1e536cyxnentyhylon4mhuvy2f 1548604 1548488 2026-05-22T20:01:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Schreiber''' (alizaliwa [[1967]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake katika holografia na kwa sanamu zake za taa za leza. Anajulikana kwa kuunda kazi kwa kutumia leza zenye nguvu ya wati 25 na lenzi za macho ili kuunda mazingira ya picha za anga na holografia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Interview With Matthew Schreiber|url=https://www.visualatelier8.com/interviews/matthew-schreiber|access-date=October 16, 2020|website=Visual Atelier 8|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3fpg041m39k78e4obrd4utinwgxbh6l 0 237677 1548492 2026-05-22T16:18:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdallah Sharif''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Sharif aliitwa katika timu ya [[taifa]] ya Libya kwa ajili ya mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Benin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=مدرب المنتخب الوطني الأول يستدعي 22 لاعبا ومباراة ودية في الطريق - منتدي الرياضة الليبية|url=http://sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?p=48892|work=sportslibya1.com|accessdate...' 1548492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdallah Sharif''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Sharif aliitwa katika timu ya [[taifa]] ya Libya kwa ajili ya mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Benin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=مدرب المنتخب الوطني الأول يستدعي 22 لاعبا ومباراة ودية في الطريق - منتدي الرياضة الليبية|url=http://sportslibya1.com/showthread.php?p=48892|work=sportslibya1.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar-sa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=(( .. مُنتخبنا يغادر الأثنيـن .. والقائمة النهائية المتوجهة لـ كـوتونـو .. )) تم إضافة لاعب|url=https://forum.kooora.com/f.aspx?t=21119516|work=منتديات كووورة|date=2009-12-30|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] f1l5uqbwf27v3dj105m0vr4nk5pcstm 0 237678 1548494 2026-05-22T16:20:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gian Galang''' ni [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika picha za [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] na michezo ya vitendo.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite web|title=Gian Galang Summons the Kinetic Energy of a Martial-Arts Icon|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7001-gian-galang-summons-the-kinetic-energy-of-a-martial-arts-icon|access-date=2021-02-23|website=The Criterion Collection|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{refli...' 1548494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gian Galang''' ni [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika picha za [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] na michezo ya vitendo.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite web|title=Gian Galang Summons the Kinetic Energy of a Martial-Arts Icon|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7001-gian-galang-summons-the-kinetic-energy-of-a-martial-arts-icon|access-date=2021-02-23|website=The Criterion Collection|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9qy2uwj550b8rodiiblnzg2plu9nrms 1548564 1548494 2026-05-22T18:47:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gian Galang''' ni [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika picha za [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] na michezo ya vitendo.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gian Galang Summons the Kinetic Energy of a Martial-Arts Icon|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7001-gian-galang-summons-the-kinetic-energy-of-a-martial-arts-icon|access-date=2021-02-23|website=The Criterion Collection|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7qaber2fug7bheefkdw90r959bxbazj 0 237679 1548496 2026-05-22T16:21:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdel Hakim Shelmani''' ni mwamuzi wa [[soka]] kutoka Libya. Alichaguliwa kuwa mwamuzi wa fainali ya CAF Champions League mwaka 2002 mjini Casablanca. Pia alichezesha mechi kadhaa katika Mashindano ya [[FIFA]] ya Vijana ya mwaka 2001 nchini [[Argentina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=78075.html|url=http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=78075.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> na mechi mbili kat...' 1548496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdel Hakim Shelmani''' ni mwamuzi wa [[soka]] kutoka Libya. Alichaguliwa kuwa mwamuzi wa fainali ya CAF Champions League mwaka 2002 mjini Casablanca. Pia alichezesha mechi kadhaa katika Mashindano ya [[FIFA]] ya Vijana ya mwaka 2001 nchini [[Argentina]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=78075.html|url=http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=78075.html|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> na mechi mbili katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika mwaka 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abdelhakim Shelmani {{!}} Latest Football Betting Odds {{!}} Soccer Base|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/referees/referee.sd?referee_id=659|work=www.soccerbase.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] e867x2nlk7ytdf1o3k0pq72qv6z358v 0 237680 1548499 2026-05-22T16:24:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Floyd Scholz''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 27]], [[1958]]) ni [[msanii]], [[mwandishi]], na [[mwanamuziki]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uchongaji wake wanyama kama ndege. Pia ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo ''Birds of Prey'' (Stackpole Books, [[1993]]) na ''Owls'' (Stackpole Books, [[2001]]). Anaishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Vermont]].<ref name="Hill">Hill, Tom. "Creative Carvers of Vermont," [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge1PAAAAYAAJ&q=%...' 1548499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Floyd Scholz''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 27]], [[1958]]) ni [[msanii]], [[mwandishi]], na [[mwanamuziki]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uchongaji wake wanyama kama ndege. Pia ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo ''Birds of Prey'' (Stackpole Books, [[1993]]) na ''Owls'' (Stackpole Books, [[2001]]). Anaishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Vermont]].<ref name="Hill">Hill, Tom. "Creative Carvers of Vermont," [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge1PAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Wildfowl+Carving+and+Collecting%22+scholtz ''Wildfowl Carving and Collecting'', Summer 1986.]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kmjl7jv0zmx49bzgue0z6g03q1dapmi 0 237681 1548500 2026-05-22T16:24:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Younes Al Hussein Al Shibani''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki na aliichezea klabu ya Ismaily katika Ligi Kuu ya Misri. Pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika msimu wa 2012/13, alichezea Ismaily ya [[Misri]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Younes aliichezea Libya kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2003 na aliendelea kuwa sehemu ya [[timu]] ya taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Younes Hussein Al-Shibani (Player)|url=htt...' 1548500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Younes Al Hussein Al Shibani''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki na aliichezea klabu ya Ismaily katika Ligi Kuu ya Misri. Pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika msimu wa 2012/13, alichezea Ismaily ya [[Misri]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Younes aliichezea Libya kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2003 na aliendelea kuwa sehemu ya [[timu]] ya taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Younes Hussein Al-Shibani (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3853/Younes_Hussein_Al_Shibani.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * Kombe la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/07/arab-cup-2012-final-libya-lose-3-1-to-morocco-in-penalty-shoot-outs/|work=LibyaHerald|date=2012-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Michel Cousins}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] 23r5a3gmyxgi3zxxncqx7bj840gy1b2 1548652 1548500 2026-05-22T21:57:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Younes Al Hussein Al Shibani''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki na aliichezea klabu ya Ismaily katika Ligi Kuu ya Misri. Pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika msimu wa 2012/13, alichezea Ismaily ya [[Misri]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Younes aliichezea Libya kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2003 na aliendelea kuwa sehemu ya [[timu]] ya taifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Younes Hussein Al-Shibani (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3853/Younes_Hussein_Al_Shibani.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Libya === * Kombe la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/07/arab-cup-2012-final-libya-lose-3-1-to-morocco-in-penalty-shoot-outs/|work=LibyaHerald|date=2012-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Michel Cousins}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] qf18pt5a54u0ezj1b1scnx1grcy5hqc 0 237682 1548503 2026-05-22T16:26:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Naji Shushan''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Alahly na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naji Saeed Shushan (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/7896/Naji_Saeed_Shushan.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Football photographic encyclopedia,...' 1548503 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naji Shushan''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Alahly na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naji Saeed Shushan (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/7896/Naji_Saeed_Shushan.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] k7mx0x7ew5po20ta9rnkcgels3zliun 1548624 1548503 2026-05-22T20:44:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naji Shushan''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Alahly na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Naji Saeed Shushan (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/7896/Naji_Saeed_Shushan.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] ih3utyv6j8dywjcsh33n1rlp16wxsog 0 237683 1548505 2026-05-22T16:26:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lincoln Schatz''' ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa nchini [[Marekani]], aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zinazotumia video kukusanya, kuhifadhi, na kuonyesha picha kutoka kwa mazingira fulani. Kazi zake zimeonyeshwa katika Smithsonian Institution na Library of Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/cube/about-cube|title=Lifestyle - Mens Health, Career, and Relationship Advice|publisher=|access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist...' 1548505 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lincoln Schatz''' ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa nchini [[Marekani]], aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zinazotumia video kukusanya, kuhifadhi, na kuonyesha picha kutoka kwa mazingira fulani. Kazi zake zimeonyeshwa katika Smithsonian Institution na Library of Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/cube/about-cube|title=Lifestyle - Mens Health, Career, and Relationship Advice|publisher=|access-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6umo9041cdi97560crgndoejyqrn1ku 0 237684 1548507 2026-05-22T16:29:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdulnaser Slil''' (pia hujulikana kama Abdul Nasser Slil) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. == Kazi ya klabu == Alizaliwa Tripoli tarehe 2 Septemba 1981 na alijiunga na akademi ya vijana ya Al-Ittihad Tripoli. Alipandishwa kwenye [[timu]] ya wakubwa kabla ya msimu wa 2000–01 wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya, ambapo alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza msimu huohuo. Alikuwa mchezaji wa klabu moja tu (one-club player), aki...' 1548507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulnaser Slil''' (pia hujulikana kama Abdul Nasser Slil) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. == Kazi ya klabu == Alizaliwa Tripoli tarehe 2 Septemba 1981 na alijiunga na akademi ya vijana ya Al-Ittihad Tripoli. Alipandishwa kwenye [[timu]] ya wakubwa kabla ya msimu wa 2000–01 wa Ligi Kuu ya Libya, ambapo alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza msimu huohuo. Alikuwa mchezaji wa klabu moja tu (one-club player), akiitumikia Al-Ittihad Tripoli katika maisha yake yote ya soka la klabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya - List of Champions|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/libchamp.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya - List of Super Cup Winners|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/libsupcuphist.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lylkpr7knj7o79ddl5m96nux6cqk9x7 0 237685 1548508 2026-05-22T16:33:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hamed Snousi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Hmam Al Anf nchini Tunisia. Hapo awali alicheza kwa Ahly Benghazi kuanzia 2007 hadi 2012 kama beki, akiwa amevaa jezi namba 3. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2...' 1548508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamed Snousi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Hmam Al Anf nchini Tunisia. Hapo awali alicheza kwa Ahly Benghazi kuanzia 2007 hadi 2012 kama beki, akiwa amevaa jezi namba 3. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/07/arab-cup-2012-final-libya-lose-3-1-to-morocco-in-penalty-shoot-outs/|work=LibyaHerald|date=2012-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Michel Cousins}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamad Snousi Haneesh (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47936/Hamad_Snousi_Haneesh.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] owsvfokqpngycs13e022ootl2wabsqp 1548565 1548508 2026-05-22T18:51:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamed Snousi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Hmam Al Anf nchini Tunisia. Hapo awali alicheza kwa Ahly Benghazi kuanzia 2007 hadi 2012 kama beki, akiwa amevaa jezi namba 3. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2012<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Arab Cup 2012 Final: Libya lose 3-1 to Morocco in penalty shoot-outs|url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/07/arab-cup-2012-final-libya-lose-3-1-to-morocco-in-penalty-shoot-outs/|work=LibyaHerald|date=2012-07-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Michel Cousins}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hamad Snousi Haneesh (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47936/Hamad_Snousi_Haneesh.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 70iklyj0kb52gtby92v4zfkxqjqf47l 0 237686 1548509 2026-05-22T16:34:44Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Todd Sanders''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 10]], [[1967]]) ni [[msanii]] wa ishara za neon wa [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Austin, Texas]]. Yeye ndiye mmiliki na mkurugenzi wa ''Roadhouse Relics'', studio ya kuchora ishara za mwanga wa neon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saatchiart.com/toddsanders|title=Todd Sanders|website=Saatchi Art|accessdate=2018-12-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]...' 1548509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Todd Sanders''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 10]], [[1967]]) ni [[msanii]] wa ishara za neon wa [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Austin, Texas]]. Yeye ndiye mmiliki na mkurugenzi wa ''Roadhouse Relics'', studio ya kuchora ishara za mwanga wa neon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saatchiart.com/toddsanders|title=Todd Sanders|website=Saatchi Art|accessdate=2018-12-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j9e89un9n8fea7nk64a5os07yh150kt 0 237687 1548510 2026-05-22T16:35:53Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammed Salih Ali Soulah''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya winga. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Zakho SC ya Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Soulah - Soccer Stats, Profile & Career Info {{!}} Global Sports Archive|url=https://globa...' 1548510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Salih Ali Soulah''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya winga. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Zakho SC ya Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammed Soulah - Soccer Stats, Profile & Career Info {{!}} Global Sports Archive|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/athlete/mohammed-soulah/85650|work=GSA Website|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] f15zo7m9tizm50dfobzr4j7am96jcfb 1548613 1548510 2026-05-22T20:16:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Salih Ali Soulah''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1993) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya winga. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Zakho SC ya Iraq.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mohammed Soulah - Soccer Stats, Profile & Career Info {{!}} Global Sports Archive|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/athlete/mohammed-soulah/85650|work=GSA Website|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] grvqn5hbgd3aqh6gdqj14rnondn8p01 0 237688 1548511 2026-05-22T16:38:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nader Al-Tarhouni''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo na aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alionekana pia katika [[Mashindano]] ya CHAN ya mwaka 2009 akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1003]] [...' 1548511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nader Al-Tarhouni''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo na aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alionekana pia katika [[Mashindano]] ya CHAN ya mwaka 2009 akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1003]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1eqysg1mqj74ayhp8yw5u7gbx55tjro 1548623 1548511 2026-05-22T20:44:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nader Al-Tarhouni''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo na aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alionekana pia katika [[Mashindano]] ya CHAN ya mwaka 2009 akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=African Nations Championship 2009 - Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/09anch-det.html|work=www.rsssf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1003]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7vu670mnqxj8d7yi5u3av8ksdx870xa 0 237689 1548512 2026-05-22T16:41:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Reda Milad Al Tawarghi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] na pia huichezea klabu ya Al Tersana pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alikuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Saadi Gaddafi, ambaye alikuwa mwana wa [[kiongozi]] wa zamani wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi. Walicheza pamoja katika Al Ahly Tripoli kati ya 2001 na 2003. Baada ya Mapinduzi ya Tripoli mwaka 2011, alidai kufungwa [[gerezani]] kwa muda wa takriban miaka miwili na nusu ku...' 1548512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reda Milad Al Tawarghi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] na pia huichezea klabu ya Al Tersana pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alikuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Saadi Gaddafi, ambaye alikuwa mwana wa [[kiongozi]] wa zamani wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi. Walicheza pamoja katika Al Ahly Tripoli kati ya 2001 na 2003. Baada ya Mapinduzi ya Tripoli mwaka 2011, alidai kufungwa [[gerezani]] kwa muda wa takriban miaka miwili na nusu kutokana na tukio lililohusiana na kipindi hicho cha maisha yake ya soka na mahusiano ya zamani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya: Colonel Gaddafi's son locked up his best pal for rejecting his gay advances|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/libya-colonel-gaddafis-son-locked-150236|work=Daily Mirror|date=2012-01-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=mirror Administrator}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/10761156/Football-stars-to-give-evidence-at-trial-of-Gaddafi-brothers.html|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qq2pnuabe8mhf62aedszfuc2bcs3afm 1548636 1548512 2026-05-22T21:07:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reda Milad Al Tawarghi''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] na pia huichezea klabu ya Al Tersana pamoja na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Libya. Alikuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Saadi Gaddafi, ambaye alikuwa mwana wa [[kiongozi]] wa zamani wa Libya Muammar Gaddafi. Walicheza pamoja katika Al Ahly Tripoli kati ya 2001 na 2003. Baada ya Mapinduzi ya Tripoli mwaka 2011, alidai kufungwa [[gerezani]] kwa muda wa takriban miaka miwili na nusu kutokana na tukio lililohusiana na kipindi hicho cha maisha yake ya soka na mahusiano ya zamani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Libya: Colonel Gaddafi's son locked up his best pal for rejecting his gay advances|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/libya-colonel-gaddafis-son-locked-150236|work=Daily Mirror|date=2012-01-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=mirror Administrator}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/10761156/Football-stars-to-give-evidence-at-trial-of-Gaddafi-brothers.html|work=www.telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4sxj0ijws1ix247e0n1oafe8cvbrj4i 0 237690 1548513 2026-05-22T16:43:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sam Samore''' ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kazi yake alihusika na uchunguzi wa faragha na hekaya katika jamii ya kisasa. Alitengeneza kazi nyingi zinazotumia mbinu za picha kwa kawaida zinazotumiwa na wapelelezi wa kibinafsi. Picha zake zilielezewa kuwa na ubora wa kama [[filamu za noir]].<ref name="AIA-2">{{cite journal |last1=Allegretto |first1=Dan |title=Sam Samore, Team (gallery) |journal=Art in America |date=February 2015 |volume=103 |issue=2...' 1548513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sam Samore''' ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kazi yake alihusika na uchunguzi wa faragha na hekaya katika jamii ya kisasa. Alitengeneza kazi nyingi zinazotumia mbinu za picha kwa kawaida zinazotumiwa na wapelelezi wa kibinafsi. Picha zake zilielezewa kuwa na ubora wa kama [[filamu za noir]].<ref name="AIA-2">{{cite journal |last1=Allegretto |first1=Dan |title=Sam Samore, Team (gallery) |journal=Art in America |date=February 2015 |volume=103 |issue=2 |pages=107–108 |url= https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=100962723&site=eds-live&scope=site |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="NYer">{{cite journal |title=Sam Samore |journal=The New Yorker |date=11 October 2012 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/art/sam-samore-3 |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] elj3l4yy16pwnughv0npximd5rykju4 0 237691 1548514 2026-05-22T16:44:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Ahmed Kamal El Trbi ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati, akichezea [[klabu]] ya Kazma SC ya Kuwait pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Maisha ya binafsi == El Trbi pia ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa udaktari katika mji wa Benghazi. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * CHAN (African Nations Championship): 2014<ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/s...' 1548514 wikitext text/x-wiki Ahmed Kamal El Trbi ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kati, akichezea [[klabu]] ya Kazma SC ya Kuwait pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Libya. == Maisha ya binafsi == El Trbi pia ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa udaktari katika mji wa Benghazi. == Mafanikio == === Libya === * CHAN (African Nations Championship): 2014<ref>{{Citation|title=CHAN 2014: Libya beat Ghana to snatch first African title|date=2014-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/25719387|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya African Nations Championship 2014 Squad|url=https://m.football-lineups.com/team/Libya/African-Nations-Championship-2014/players|work=football-lineups.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tjs0gvhje5hrsp1smlp3ppqot264zvd 0 237692 1548515 2026-05-22T16:45:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jahangir Amouzegar''' (13 Januari 1920 – 17 Januari 2018) alikuwa mwanauchumi, msomi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]].<ref>[http://www.mepc.org/resources/amuzegar.asp Amuzegar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219074434/http://www.mepc.org/resources/amuzegar.asp |date=December 19, 2008 }}</ref> == Wasifu == Amouzegar alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 13 Januari 1920.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adlib.imf.org/digital_assets/wwwopac.ashx?command=g...' 1548515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jahangir Amouzegar''' (13 Januari 1920 – 17 Januari 2018) alikuwa mwanauchumi, msomi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]].<ref>[http://www.mepc.org/resources/amuzegar.asp Amuzegar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219074434/http://www.mepc.org/resources/amuzegar.asp |date=December 19, 2008 }}</ref> == Wasifu == Amouzegar alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 13 Januari 1920.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adlib.imf.org/digital_assets/wwwopac.ashx?command=getcontent&server=webdocs&value=EB/1973/SEC_CIRC/305260.PDF|title=Biographical statement: Jahangir Amuzegar|publisher=International Monetary Fund}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baba yake, Habibollah Amouzegar, alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanasiasa mashuhuri, huku mdogo wake akiwa [[Jamshid Amouzegar]], ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]].<ref name="maro">{{cite journal|author1=Marziyeh Bazyar|author2=Robert Steele|title="The Shah's House Became the People's House": Narrating Iran's Modern History at the Pahlavi Dynasty Museum|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=56|issue=3|date=May 2023 |doi=10.1017/irn.2023.23|page=504|s2cid=258985280 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ij8s1q1pk41v9qn0tjodr1vowaake8l 0 237693 1548516 2026-05-22T16:47:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samir Al Wahaj''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] na anayejulikana kama mchezaji wa “journeyman” kutokana na kuchezea klabu nyingi tofauti nchini Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza [[soka]] lake katika klabu ya Ghawt Al Sha'al kabla ya kuhamia Al Madina, ambako alishinda Ligi Kuu ya Libya mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com...' 1548516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samir Al Wahaj''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] na anayejulikana kama mchezaji wa “journeyman” kutokana na kuchezea klabu nyingi tofauti nchini Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza [[soka]] lake katika klabu ya Ghawt Al Sha'al kabla ya kuhamia Al Madina, ambako alishinda Ligi Kuu ya Libya mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar}}</ref> Baadaye alichezea Wefaq Sabratha, kisha Al Urouba mwaka 2004, ambako alisaidia klabu kushinda Ligi Daraja la Pili msimu wa 2004–05. Aliendelea kucheza kwa Al Wahda ambapo alifunga mabao 18 na kuwa mfungaji bora wa [[Ligi]] Kuu msimu wa 2005–06. Baadaye alihamia Al Akhdar, kisha Al Olympic, kabla ya kukopwa tena Al Urouba na baadaye Al Tersana. Msimu wa 2008–09 alifunga mabao 19 na kushinda Kiatu cha Dhahabu cha Libya pamoja na kufunga mabao mawili kwenye fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Libya. Baadaye alijiunga na Ahly Benghazi. Pia alichezea klabu ya Al Dhahra. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] hyoibfqkc2phlxm3unqiilsewqv7vig 1548639 1548516 2026-05-22T21:14:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samir Al Wahaj''' ni [[mwanasoka]] wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] na anayejulikana kama mchezaji wa “journeyman” kutokana na kuchezea klabu nyingi tofauti nchini Libya. == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza [[soka]] lake katika klabu ya Ghawt Al Sha'al kabla ya kuhamia Al Madina, ambako alishinda Ligi Kuu ya Libya mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/|work=www.kooora.com|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar}}</ref> Baadaye alichezea Wefaq Sabratha, kisha Al Urouba mwaka 2004, ambako alisaidia klabu kushinda Ligi Daraja la Pili msimu wa 2004–05. Aliendelea kucheza kwa Al Wahda ambapo alifunga mabao 18 na kuwa mfungaji bora wa [[Ligi]] Kuu msimu wa 2005–06. Baadaye alihamia Al Akhdar, kisha Al Olympic, kabla ya kukopwa tena Al Urouba na baadaye Al Tersana. Msimu wa 2008–09 alifunga mabao 19 na kushinda Kiatu cha Dhahabu cha Libya pamoja na kufunga mabao mawili kwenye fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Libya. Baadaye alijiunga na Ahly Benghazi. Pia alichezea klabu ya Al Dhahra. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] r6dacd1kfq011vp13zczx2n9o0drylw 0 237694 1548517 2026-05-22T16:49:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad-Ali Angaji''' alikuwa Mwanasayansi wa Kiislamu wa Shi, kiongozi wa kidini na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanachama mwaminifu wa chama cha [[National Front (Iran)|National Front]], alihudumu kama mbunge wakati wa [[Bunge la 17 la Iran|kipindi cha 17 cha Bunge]] (Majlis)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gasiorowski|first1=Mark J.|last2=Byrne|first2=Malcolm|year=2004|title=Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran|isbn=0815630182|publisher=Syracu...' 1548517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Ali Angaji''' alikuwa Mwanasayansi wa Kiislamu wa Shi, kiongozi wa kidini na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanachama mwaminifu wa chama cha [[National Front (Iran)|National Front]], alihudumu kama mbunge wakati wa [[Bunge la 17 la Iran|kipindi cha 17 cha Bunge]] (Majlis)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gasiorowski|first1=Mark J.|last2=Byrne|first2=Malcolm|year=2004|title=Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran|isbn=0815630182|publisher=Syracuse University Press|page=14}}</ref> na aligombea katika [[Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Iran wa 1954|uchaguzi wa mwaka 1954]] mjini Tehran.<ref>{{cite book |author=Houchang E. Chehabi|title=Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini|publisher=I.B.Tauris|pages=134–135|date=1990|isbn=1850431981}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1979, alichaguliwa kuwa miongoni mwa wajumbe 73 wa [[Baraza la Wataalamu wa Katiba]] (Assembly of Experts for Constitution). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] i79uuiczru36ajv796hn8jsuhm1rsai 0 237695 1548518 2026-05-22T16:49:20Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohan Samant''' ([[1924]] – [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uhindi]] na mwanachama wa Progressive Artists Group. Pia alikuwa mpiga sarangi, ala ya nyuzi ya Kihindi.<ref>Vasudha Patil, "Master of Art: My Artist Brother, Mohan Samant," ''Shree Deeplax International, Marathi'' (June 2001)</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uhindi]] Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1...' 1548518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohan Samant''' ([[1924]] – [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uhindi]] na mwanachama wa Progressive Artists Group. Pia alikuwa mpiga sarangi, ala ya nyuzi ya Kihindi.<ref>Vasudha Patil, "Master of Art: My Artist Brother, Mohan Samant," ''Shree Deeplax International, Marathi'' (June 2001)</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uhindi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] ijwoi32cmgxmwi4dhotv2n7jshykmtc 0 237696 1548519 2026-05-22T16:50:44Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aladeen Younes,''' anayejulikana pia kama Alaadeen Salman, ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa Libya aliyezaliwa Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza katika akademi ya Al-Sadd mwaka 2008 na baadaye alipandishwa kuingia [[timu]] ya wakubwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17. Alicheza m...' 1548519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aladeen Younes,''' anayejulikana pia kama Alaadeen Salman, ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa Libya aliyezaliwa Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Alianza katika akademi ya Al-Sadd mwaka 2008 na baadaye alipandishwa kuingia [[timu]] ya wakubwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza mwezi Aprili 2015 na akafunga bao dhidi ya Al-Shamal. == Timu ya taifa == Mwaka 2014 aliitwa katika kikosi cha Libya U20 kwa [[mashindano]] ya Afrika, ambapo alicheza mechi kadhaa dhidi ya Chad, Ivory Coast na Tunisia, lakini timu haikufanikiwa kufuzu. == Maisha ya binafsi == Ni mtoto wa Salman Younes, mchezaji wa zamani aliyewahi kucheza Michigan State University nchini [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] fceitx77d8zaxyqntu955ksv2f84wai 0 237697 1548520 2026-05-22T16:52:10Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Taqi Arani''' ; 5 Septemba 1903 &ndash; 4 Februari 1940) alikuwa profesa wa [[kemia]], mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa Iran, na mwanadharia, pamoja na kuwa mwanzilishi na mhariri wa jarida la [[Umarx|Kimarxist]] la ''[[Donya (jarida)|Donya]]'' (''Dunia'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxd2Zr9Ilw8C|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Pres...' 1548520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taqi Arani''' ; 5 Septemba 1903 &ndash; 4 Februari 1940) alikuwa profesa wa [[kemia]], mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa Iran, na mwanadharia, pamoja na kuwa mwanzilishi na mhariri wa jarida la [[Umarx|Kimarxist]] la ''[[Donya (jarida)|Donya]]'' (''Dunia'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxd2Zr9Ilw8C|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|year=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780199732159|page=352}}</ref> Lengo kuu la jarida hilo lilikuwa ni kutambulisha Umarx (Marxism) kwa Wairani na kuweka msingi wa kuundwa kwa kundi la Kimarxist hapo baadaye.<ref name="mrg90">{{cite journal |author=M. Reza Ghods |date=October 1990 |title=The Iranian Communist Movement under Reza Shah |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies (journal)|Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=26 |issue=4 |page=508 |jstor=4283395}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1903|1940}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] kk6qzttqep35htb5bzq0entt4gh4hvd 1548649 1548520 2026-05-22T21:29:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taqi Arani''' ; 5 Septemba 1903 &ndash; 4 Februari 1940) alikuwa profesa wa [[kemia]], mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa Iran, na mwanadharia, pamoja na kuwa mwanzilishi na mhariri wa jarida la [[Umarx|Kimarxist]] la ''[[Donya (jarida)|Donya]]'' (''Dunia'').<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxd2Zr9Ilw8C|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|year=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780199732159|page=352}}</ref> Lengo kuu la jarida hilo lilikuwa ni kutambulisha Umarx (Marxism) kwa Wairani na kuweka msingi wa kuundwa kwa kundi la Kimarxist hapo baadaye.<ref name="mrg90">{{cite journal |author=M. Reza Ghods |date=October 1990 |title=The Iranian Communist Movement under Reza Shah |journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies (journal)|Middle Eastern Studies]] |volume=26 |issue=4 |page=508 |jstor=4283395}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1903|1940}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] t770hrngri257mv0gki56r51avltomn 0 237698 1548521 2026-05-22T16:52:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shaddy Safadi''' (alizaliwa [[1979]]) ni [[msanii]] wa dhana ya [[michezo ya video]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''One Pixel Brush'', kampuni ya dhana yenye makao yake [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref name="Wacom">{{cite web |url=http://community.wacom.com/inspiration/blog/2014/november/career-trajectory-of-a-concept-artist-shaddy-safadi |title=Career Trajectory of a Concept Artist: Shaddy Safadi |last=Goeliner |first=Caleb |dat...' 1548521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaddy Safadi''' (alizaliwa [[1979]]) ni [[msanii]] wa dhana ya [[michezo ya video]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''One Pixel Brush'', kampuni ya dhana yenye makao yake [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref name="Wacom">{{cite web |url=http://community.wacom.com/inspiration/blog/2014/november/career-trajectory-of-a-concept-artist-shaddy-safadi |title=Career Trajectory of a Concept Artist: Shaddy Safadi |last=Goeliner |first=Caleb |date= November 2014 |website= Wacom Community |publisher= Wacom |access-date= 21 June 2017|quote=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 06e70ldmhonp1dp1xis5by6dhrj2miy 0 237699 1548522 2026-05-22T16:53:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdul Hadi Zaqlam''', anayejulikana pia kama Howeidi, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyezaliwa 18 Juni 1991. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Hilal.<ref>{{Citation|title=خاص.. هويدي زقلام يوقع لنادي الأهلي بنغازي لمدة ثلاث مواسم {{!}} الكورة والناس|date=2017-07-28|url=https://www.elkorawelnas.com/libya/39786/|work=الكورة والناس|language=ar-AR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == M...' 1548522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Hadi Zaqlam''', anayejulikana pia kama Howeidi, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyezaliwa 18 Juni 1991. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Al-Hilal.<ref>{{Citation|title=خاص.. هويدي زقلام يوقع لنادي الأهلي بنغازي لمدة ثلاث مواسم {{!}} الكورة والناس|date=2017-07-28|url=https://www.elkorawelnas.com/libya/39786/|work=الكورة والناس|language=ar-AR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k3bzvkrw8467lftpei48i8d47rwholk 0 237700 1548523 2026-05-22T16:55:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Ardalan''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Iran aliyekuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[National Front (Iran)|National Front]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menashri|first1=David|title=Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136333644|date=2012|page=150}}</ref> Alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|Waziri wa Fedha]] chini ya [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Bazargan]] mnamo mwaka 1979,<ref>{{cite boo...' 1548523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Ardalan''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Iran aliyekuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[National Front (Iran)|National Front]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menashri|first1=David|title=Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136333644|date=2012|page=150}}</ref> Alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|Waziri wa Fedha]] chini ya [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Bazargan]] mnamo mwaka 1979,<ref>{{cite book|first=John H.|last=Lorentz|title=The A to Z of Iran |volume=209|series=The A to Z Guide Series|publisher=Scarecrow Press|pages=251|date=2010|isbn=978-1461731917}}</ref> na baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Iran|Bunge]] kupitia [[Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Iran wa 1980|uchaguzi wa bunge wa mwaka 1980]], ingawa alizuiwa kuchukua kiti chake rasmi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baktiari|first1=Bahman|title=Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=1996|page=69|isbn=978-0-8130-1461-6}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] mwbqvk76h5ouq0hk2fq50gjfl69loa1 0 237701 1548524 2026-05-22T16:56:21Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelkarim Al-Zuway''', anayejulikana zaidi kama Kabila, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji. == Kazi ya klabu == Alichezea klabu mbalimbali katika maisha yake ya soka, zikiwemo: * Al Naser * Al Ahly Benghazi * Al Qadisiya * Al Ittihad Tripoli * CA Bizertin (Tunisia) * Al Sharjah (UAE) * Zakho FC (Iraq) == Timu ya taifa == Alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. Ni miongon...' 1548524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelkarim Al-Zuway''', anayejulikana zaidi kama Kabila, ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji. == Kazi ya klabu == Alichezea klabu mbalimbali katika maisha yake ya soka, zikiwemo: * Al Naser * Al Ahly Benghazi * Al Qadisiya * Al Ittihad Tripoli * CA Bizertin (Tunisia) * Al Sharjah (UAE) * Zakho FC (Iraq) == Timu ya taifa == Alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa timu ya taifa ya Libya. Ni miongoni mwa washambuliaji wa Libya waliocheza katika [[ligi]] tofauti za ndani na nje ya nchi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=نادي الشارقة الرياضي الثقافي|url=http://sharjahclub.org.ae/Read.File.aspx?news=2880|work=sharjahclub.org.ae|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iyyc0lgksvusynjgmtce5yeh0froktf 0 237702 1548525 2026-05-22T16:59:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Akram Zuway''' (Kiarabu: أكرم زوي) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=الحسين إربد يعزز قدراته الهجومية بالليبي الزوي {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B2-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A...' 1548525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akram Zuway''' (Kiarabu: أكرم زوي) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Libya anayeshika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=الحسين إربد يعزز قدراته الهجومية بالليبي الزوي {{!}} كووورة|url=https://www.kooora.com/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B2-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A/428827|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar}}</ref> == Mafanikio == === Al-Faisaly (Jordan) === * Ligi Kuu ya Jordan: 2016–17 * [[Kombe]] la FA Jordan: 2016–17 * Arab Club Championship: [[mshindi]] wa pili 2017 == Tuzo binafsi == * Mfungaji bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Jordan: 2015–16 (mabao 12) Ni mmoja wa washambuliaji wa Libya waliofanikiwa nje ya nchi, hasa katika [[ligi]] ya Jordan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=أكرم الزوي يتوج بلقب هداف الدوري الأردني|url=https://alwasat.ly/news/sports/97750|work=alwasat.ly|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=ar|author=بوابة الوسط}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] rcoy223w265qtghsjic4c9jox383fju 0 237703 1548528 2026-05-22T17:16:48Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Puku male and female (Zambia).jpg|thumb|Puku dume na jike katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia]] '''Puku''' (jina la kisayansi: '''''Kobus vardonii''''') ni aina ya [[swala]] mwenye umbo la makadirio ya wastani anayepatikana katika nyanda za nyasi zenye unyevunyevu na mabwawa huko kusini mwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Namibia]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na kwa wingi zaidi katika Vinamasi vya Okavango nchini [[Botswana]].<ref name="...' 1548528 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Puku male and female (Zambia).jpg|thumb|Puku dume na jike katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia]] '''Puku''' (jina la kisayansi: '''''Kobus vardonii''''') ni aina ya [[swala]] mwenye umbo la makadirio ya wastani anayepatikana katika nyanda za nyasi zenye unyevunyevu na mabwawa huko kusini mwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Namibia]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na kwa wingi zaidi katika Vinamasi vya Okavango nchini [[Botswana]].<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021" /> Karibu theluthi moja ya puku wote duniani wanaishi katika [[maeneo yaliyolindwa]], bustani za wanyama, na [[hifadhi za taifa]] kutokana na kupungua kwa maeneo yao ya asili ya kuishi.<ref name = conser /><ref name = status /> == Maelezo == Puku ana urefu wa takriban sentimita 80 kwenda juu hadi begani na ana uzito wa kati ya kilo 70 hadi 80. Mnyama huyu ana rangi ya kahawia inayofanana na mchanga, huku upande wa chini wa tumbo lake ukiwa na rangi ya kahawia iliyofifia kidogo. Manyoya yake ni magumu na ya kwaruza zaidi ikilinganishwa na swala wengine wenye ukubwa kama wake kama vile tohe wa kusini, lizwi, au swala pala, na pia ni makubwa kuliko yale ya paa ushi mdogo. Puku dume wana pembe zenye mikunjo ya mistari mifupi, zenye urefu wa sentimita 50, na zilizojipinda kama umbo la zeze.<ref name="SkinnerChimimba2005" /> == Sura ndogo == Kuna aina mbili (sura ndogo) za mnyama huyu: * Puku wa Senga (''Kobus vardonii senganus'') * Puku wa Kusini (''Kobus vardonii vardonii'') == Ikolojia na tabia == Puku wanapatikana karibu pekee katika nyanda za nyasi za mabwawa na maeneo ya madambo (mabonde yenye maji ya msimu), ambapo hula nyasi.<ref name = status /> Chakula chake kinaweza kubadilika kulingana na aina ya nyasi zinazopatikana katika eneo husika. Hakuna ushindani mkubwa wa kimaslahi wa chakula kati yao na wanyama wengine wa kundi la ng'ombe na swala ([[mamalia]]).<ref name="pukudiet"/> Mnyama huyu hupendelea kufanya shughuli zake nyakati za asubuhi na jioni. Anaposhtuliwa au kuona hatari, puku hutoa sauti ya mruzi mkali unaorudiarudia. Puku jike hukusanyika kwenye makundi madogo ya hadi wanyama 20. Wakati wa msimu wa mvua, makundi haya huungana pamoja kwa ajili ya kuongeza ulinzi na usalama, na kufikia hadi majike 50. Puku dume wanamiliki na kulinda maeneo yao binafsi, ambapo hujaribu kushawishi makundi ya majike kubaki ndani ya maeneo hayo kwa muda mrefu iwezekanavyo. Wakati wa msimu wa masika, kutokana na mafuriko makubwa kwenye makazi yao, wanahama kwenda maeneo ya miinuko ya juu na wakati wa kiangazi hurudi karibu na vyanzo vya maji.<ref name="Macdonald2006" /> == Picha == <gallery widths="250" heights="180"> File:Puku male and female (Zambia).jpg|Puku dume na jike (''Kobus vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia File:Puku female, South Luangwa.jpg|Puku jike wa aina ya ''K. v. senganus'' akiwa na mtoto wake, katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Luangwa Kusini, Zambia File:Puku Fawn Suckling Kafue Jul23 A7R 05264.jpg|Puku jike akinyonyesha mtoto wake, katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) female.jpg|Puku jike wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) female head.jpg|Kichwa cha puku jike wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) fawn.jpg|Mtoto wa puku wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana </gallery> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name = conser>{{cite journal|last1=Jenkins|first1= Richard K.B|last2= Maliti|first2= Honori T.|last3= Corti|first3=Graham R.|date= April 2003|title= Conservation of the puku antelope in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania|journal= Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation|volume= 12|issue=4|pages= 787–797|doi=10.1023/A:1022426026881|s2cid= 22493056|issn=0960-3115}}</ref> <ref name = status>{{cite journal|last1=Rodgers|first1=W. A.|title=Status of puku (Kobus vardoni Livingstone) in Tanzania|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=22|issue=2|year=1984|pages=117–125|issn=0141-6707|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00685.x|bibcode=1984AfJEc..22..117R }}</ref> <ref name="SkinnerChimimba2005">{{cite book|last1=Skinner|first1=J. D. |last2=Chimimba|first2=Christian T. |title=The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iqwEYkTDZf4C&pg=PA685|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84418-5|pages=685–}}</ref> <ref name="Macdonald2006">{{cite book|last=Macdonald|first=David Whyte |title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9JdwAQAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14069-8 }}</ref> <ref name="pukudiet">{{cite journal |last1=Rduch |first1=Vera |title=Diet of the Puku Antelope (Kobus Vardonii) and Dietary Overlap with Selected Other Bovids in Kasanka National Park, Zambia |journal=Mammal Research |date=2016 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=289–297 |doi=10.1007/s13364-016-0268-y |s2cid=15475378 }}</ref> }} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=7832 Michoro ya puku ya mwaka 1881] {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q273577}} [[Jamii:Swala mabwawa]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Zambia]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Tanzania]] 9awpd727x0zyfr0h6lr5p51y23b5pwd 1548530 1548528 2026-05-22T17:17:27Z Muddyb 379 1548530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Puku male and female (Zambia).jpg|thumb|Puku dume na jike katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia]] '''Puku''' (jina la kisayansi: '''''Kobus vardonii''''') ni aina ya [[swala]] mwenye umbo la makadirio ya wastani anayepatikana katika nyanda za nyasi zenye unyevunyevu na mabwawa huko kusini mwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Namibia]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na kwa wingi zaidi katika Vinamasi vya Okavango nchini [[Botswana]]. Karibu theluthi moja ya puku wote duniani wanaishi katika [[maeneo yaliyolindwa]], bustani za wanyama, na [[hifadhi za taifa]] kutokana na kupungua kwa maeneo yao ya asili ya kuishi.<ref name = conser /><ref name = status /> == Maelezo == Puku ana urefu wa takriban sentimita 80 kwenda juu hadi begani na ana uzito wa kati ya kilo 70 hadi 80. Mnyama huyu ana rangi ya kahawia inayofanana na mchanga, huku upande wa chini wa tumbo lake ukiwa na rangi ya kahawia iliyofifia kidogo. Manyoya yake ni magumu na ya kwaruza zaidi ikilinganishwa na swala wengine wenye ukubwa kama wake kama vile tohe wa kusini, lizwi, au swala pala, na pia ni makubwa kuliko yale ya paa ushi mdogo. Puku dume wana pembe zenye mikunjo ya mistari mifupi, zenye urefu wa sentimita 50, na zilizojipinda kama umbo la zeze.<ref name="SkinnerChimimba2005" /> == Sura ndogo == Kuna aina mbili (sura ndogo) za mnyama huyu: * Puku wa Senga (''Kobus vardonii senganus'') * Puku wa Kusini (''Kobus vardonii vardonii'') == Ikolojia na tabia == Puku wanapatikana karibu pekee katika nyanda za nyasi za mabwawa na maeneo ya madambo (mabonde yenye maji ya msimu), ambapo hula nyasi.<ref name = status /> Chakula chake kinaweza kubadilika kulingana na aina ya nyasi zinazopatikana katika eneo husika. Hakuna ushindani mkubwa wa kimaslahi wa chakula kati yao na wanyama wengine wa kundi la ng'ombe na swala ([[mamalia]]).<ref name="pukudiet"/> Mnyama huyu hupendelea kufanya shughuli zake nyakati za asubuhi na jioni. Anaposhtuliwa au kuona hatari, puku hutoa sauti ya mruzi mkali unaorudiarudia. Puku jike hukusanyika kwenye makundi madogo ya hadi wanyama 20. Wakati wa msimu wa mvua, makundi haya huungana pamoja kwa ajili ya kuongeza ulinzi na usalama, na kufikia hadi majike 50. Puku dume wanamiliki na kulinda maeneo yao binafsi, ambapo hujaribu kushawishi makundi ya majike kubaki ndani ya maeneo hayo kwa muda mrefu iwezekanavyo. Wakati wa msimu wa masika, kutokana na mafuriko makubwa kwenye makazi yao, wanahama kwenda maeneo ya miinuko ya juu na wakati wa kiangazi hurudi karibu na vyanzo vya maji.<ref name="Macdonald2006" /> == Picha == <gallery widths="250" heights="180"> File:Puku male and female (Zambia).jpg|Puku dume na jike (''Kobus vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia File:Puku female, South Luangwa.jpg|Puku jike wa aina ya ''K. v. senganus'' akiwa na mtoto wake, katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Luangwa Kusini, Zambia File:Puku Fawn Suckling Kafue Jul23 A7R 05264.jpg|Puku jike akinyonyesha mtoto wake, katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kafue, Zambia File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) female.jpg|Puku jike wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) female head.jpg|Kichwa cha puku jike wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana File:Southern puku (Kobus vardonii vardonii) fawn.jpg|Mtoto wa puku wa kusini (''K. v. vardonii''), katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Chobe, Botswana </gallery> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name = conser>{{cite journal|last1=Jenkins|first1= Richard K.B|last2= Maliti|first2= Honori T.|last3= Corti|first3=Graham R.|date= April 2003|title= Conservation of the puku antelope in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania|journal= Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation|volume= 12|issue=4|pages= 787–797|doi=10.1023/A:1022426026881|s2cid= 22493056|issn=0960-3115}}</ref> <ref name = status>{{cite journal|last1=Rodgers|first1=W. A.|title=Status of puku (Kobus vardoni Livingstone) in Tanzania|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=22|issue=2|year=1984|pages=117–125|issn=0141-6707|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00685.x|bibcode=1984AfJEc..22..117R }}</ref> <ref name="SkinnerChimimba2005">{{cite book|last1=Skinner|first1=J. D. |last2=Chimimba|first2=Christian T. |title=The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iqwEYkTDZf4C&pg=PA685|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84418-5|pages=685–}}</ref> <ref name="Macdonald2006">{{cite book|last=Macdonald|first=David Whyte |title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9JdwAQAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14069-8 }}</ref> <ref name="pukudiet">{{cite journal |last1=Rduch |first1=Vera |title=Diet of the Puku Antelope (Kobus Vardonii) and Dietary Overlap with Selected Other Bovids in Kasanka National Park, Zambia |journal=Mammal Research |date=2016 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=289–297 |doi=10.1007/s13364-016-0268-y |s2cid=15475378 }}</ref> }} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=7832 Michoro ya puku ya mwaka 1881] {{Artiodactyla|R.2}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q273577}} [[Jamii:Swala mabwawa]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Zambia]] [[Jamii:Mamalia wa Tanzania]] c5ra47evaoi5cmnhnwmd1bxmpcki0md 0 237704 1548529 2026-05-22T17:17:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aligholi Ardalan''' (pia huandikwa kama '''Aliqoli Ardalan'''; 25 Januari 1900 – 2 Agosti 1986) alikuwa mmoja wa wanadiplomasia mashuhuri wa [[Irani|Iran]] katika kizazi chake. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Viwanda, Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje, na kama balozi katika nchi za [[Marekani]], [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]], na [[Ujerumani ya Magharibi]]. Pia, alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa [[Shirika la Kitaifa la Mafuta la Iran]] (National Iranian Oil Company) kwa upande wa...' 1548529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aligholi Ardalan''' (pia huandikwa kama '''Aliqoli Ardalan'''; 25 Januari 1900 – 2 Agosti 1986) alikuwa mmoja wa wanadiplomasia mashuhuri wa [[Irani|Iran]] katika kizazi chake. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Viwanda, Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje, na kama balozi katika nchi za [[Marekani]], [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]], na [[Ujerumani ya Magharibi]]. Pia, alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa [[Shirika la Kitaifa la Mafuta la Iran]] (National Iranian Oil Company) kwa upande wa Kusini mwa Iran.<ref>{{cite web|title=علیقلی اردلان|url=http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=1911172|website=Magiran|access-date=2 August 2018}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ardalan alizaliwa mjini Tehran mnamo tarehe 25 Januari 1900.<ref name=iich/> Kuanzia mwaka 1924 hadi 1927, alihudumu kama naibu katika ubalozi wa Iran mjini Berlin. Alitunukiwa shahada ya uzamivu (Doctorate) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Frederick Wilhelm, Berlin (sasa hivi kinafahamika kama [[Chuo Kikuu cha Humboldt cha Berlin]]) baada ya kuandika tasnifu yake kuhusu 'Nafasi ya Wairani katika uchumi wa dunia' (ya tarehe 23 Novemba 1929) kwa lugha ya Kijerumani fasaha kabisa. Alijiunga na Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Iran akiwa na umri wa miaka 30, na akawa afisa wa kisiasa katika [[Ubalozi wa Zamani wa Iran mjini Washington, D.C.|Ubalozi wa Iran mjini Washington DC]]. Kuanzia tarehe 14 Mei 1958 hadi 16 Machi 1960, alihudumu kama balozi nchini Marekani.<ref name=iich>{{cite web|title=عليقلي اردلان|url=http://iichs.org/index.asp?id=1856&doc_cat=7|website=Iichs}}</ref> Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa Iran katika Umoja wa Kisovieti.<ref>{{cite journal|page=440|author=Roham Alvandi|title=The Shah's détente with Khrushchev: Iran's 1962 missile base pledge to the Soviet Union|journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]]|year=2014|volume=14|issue=3|doi=10.1080/14682745.2014.890591}}</ref> Ardalan alikuwa mwanadiplomasia pekee wa Iran wakati wa [[Vita Baridi]] aliyehudumu katika Umoja wa Mataifa, Washington, na Moscow wakati wa utumishi wake kama mwanadiplomasia. Alikuwa akizungumza kwa ufasaha lugha ya Kijerumani, Kifaransa, Kiingereza, Kikurdi, na [[Kiajemi]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Qajar Studies VI: Entertainment in Qajar Persia |date=2006 |publisher=Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn & Co Uitgeversmaatschappij |page=218}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1986}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] qdvw7qricb494l7hmcj2esxq6niifp9 0 237705 1548531 2026-05-22T17:19:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bahram Aryana'''; pia huandikwa kama '''Bahram Ariana''', jina la kuzaliwa akiitwa '''Hossein Manouchehri''';<ref>{{cite book|author=Ali Akbar Dareini|title=The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ|pages=15–16|date=1998|isbn=8120816420}}</ref> 17 Machi 1906 – 21 Juni 1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryana2500.fr/biographie.html|title=Biographie du Général Bahram ARYA...' 1548531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bahram Aryana'''; pia huandikwa kama '''Bahram Ariana''', jina la kuzaliwa akiitwa '''Hossein Manouchehri''';<ref>{{cite book|author=Ali Akbar Dareini|title=The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ|pages=15–16|date=1998|isbn=8120816420}}</ref> 17 Machi 1906 – 21 Juni 1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryana2500.fr/biographie.html|title=Biographie du Général Bahram ARYANA|language=fr|publisher=Aryana2500.fr|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> alikuwa kamanda wa kijeshi wa ngazi ya juu kabisa wa [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], mwanaharakati wa [[Uzalendo wa Iran]] (Iranian nationalism), na [[Ubinadamu|mwanabinadamu]] (humanist). Profesa Monica M. Ringer alimwezea Aryana kama mtu anayefahamika zaidi "aliyehamia kwenye dini ya [[Uzoroasta]]" (Zoroastrianism) wakati wa [[Enzi ya Pahlavi nchini Iran]].{{sfn|Monica M. Ringer|2012|pages=267–277}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1906|1985}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] obajnm22848vgx0n5h44shxrutsyq50 0 237706 1548532 2026-05-22T17:22:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hamid Ashraf''' (31 Desemba 1946 – 29 Juni 1976) alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama wa mwanzo na baadaye kiongozi wa [[Shirika la Wanamgambo wa Fedai wa Watu wa Iran]] (Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas - OIPFG) ambalo liliendesha vita vya wanamgambo dhidi ya utawala wa zamani wa [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]] nchini [[Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 8 Februari 1971 hadi tarehe 11 Februari 1979, pale [[Shah]] alipoanguka. Hamid Ashraf alichangia kwa kiasi kikubw...' 1548532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamid Ashraf''' (31 Desemba 1946 – 29 Juni 1976) alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama wa mwanzo na baadaye kiongozi wa [[Shirika la Wanamgambo wa Fedai wa Watu wa Iran]] (Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas - OIPFG) ambalo liliendesha vita vya wanamgambo dhidi ya utawala wa zamani wa [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]] nchini [[Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 8 Februari 1971 hadi tarehe 11 Februari 1979, pale [[Shah]] alipoanguka. Hamid Ashraf alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kuliimarisha shirika la OIPFG kama jumuiya ya kijeshi yenye silaha iliyopinga utawala wa Shah.<ref name="Milani">{{cite book|first=Abbas|last=Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8156-0907-0}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946|1976}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] c0qe0rgl2r9z4udsafl6zdaht5okhly 0 237707 1548534 2026-05-22T17:25:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mehdi Azar''' (1901–1994) alikuwa daktari, profesa wa tiba, na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1952–1953. Pamoja na shughuli zake za kisiasa, alikuwa mmoja wa madaktari mashuhuri nchini Iran katika utafiti na matibabu ya [[ugonjwa wa figo]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Azar alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1901.<ref name=iichs>{{cite web|title=مهدی آذر|language=fa|url=http://www.iichs.ir...' 1548534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehdi Azar''' (1901–1994) alikuwa daktari, profesa wa tiba, na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama Waziri wa Utamaduni katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1952–1953. Pamoja na shughuli zake za kisiasa, alikuwa mmoja wa madaktari mashuhuri nchini Iran katika utafiti na matibabu ya [[ugonjwa wa figo]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Azar alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1901.<ref name=iichs>{{cite web|title=مهدی آذر|language=fa|url=http://www.iichs.ir/News-948/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1-/?id=948|publisher=Institute for Iranian Contemporary Studies|access-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226151827/http://www.iichs.ir/News-948/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1-/?id=948|archive-date=26 December 2021}}</ref> Baba yake alikuwa Haj Mirza Ali Tabrizi, ambaye alikuwa kiongozi wa dini (mwanasayansi wa Kiislamu) na mbunge katika Bunge la Majlis.<ref name=harv>{{cite web|title=Interview with Azar, Mehdi: Tape 06|url=https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/iranian-oral-history-project/catalog/32-azar__mehdi06|publisher=Harvard Library |access-date=26 December 2021|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226144854/https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/iranian-oral-history-project/catalog/32-azar__mehdi06}}</ref> Azar alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Matibabu ya Tehran mnamo mwaka 1928 na pia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Lyon.<ref name=harv/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1901|1994}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 4qzx7x0a660sn39zmiybbhpqlnxud4u 0 237708 1548535 2026-05-22T17:25:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Donald Eugene Frith''' ([[Septemba 16]], [[1924]] – [[Januari 6]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] katika [[ufinyanzi]] wa [[kauri]] na mwanazuoni wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="2008-01-09-NewsGazette">{{cite news |title=A. Barbara Frith |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/a-barbara-frith/article_b84f6a23-9c96-5978-8bbe-10b5b2c430a6.html <!-- generally "limited" but maybe not for obits |url-access=limited --> |access-date=2021-02-26 |publisher=Th...' 1548535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Eugene Frith''' ([[Septemba 16]], [[1924]] – [[Januari 6]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] katika [[ufinyanzi]] wa [[kauri]] na mwanazuoni wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="2008-01-09-NewsGazette">{{cite news |title=A. Barbara Frith |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/a-barbara-frith/article_b84f6a23-9c96-5978-8bbe-10b5b2c430a6.html <!-- generally "limited" but maybe not for obits |url-access=limited --> |access-date=2021-02-26 |publisher=[[The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)|The News-Gazette]] |date=January 9, 2008}}</ref><ref name="2021-01-24-SMariaTimes">{{cite news |title=Donald E. Frith |url=https://santamariatimes.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/donald-e-frith/article_d9fd9cb6-cc21-59a4-85cc-320661fec4e4.html |access-date=2021-02-22 |publisher=[[Santa Maria Times]] |date=January 24, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] on3fwn7j5kndd327c484l4ep6g5jf1p 0 237709 1548536 2026-05-22T17:28:13Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gholam Reza Azhari''' (18 Februari 1912 – 5 Novemba 2001) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la Iran aliyekuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa 39 na wa mwisho kabla ya mapinduzi]] nchini Iran chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Azhari alizaliwa mjini [[Shiraz, Iran|Shiraz]] mnamo mwaka 1912 (au mwaka 1917, kulingana na vyanzo vingine).<ref name=rulers>{{cite web|title=Index At-Az|url=http://rulers.org/indexa5.html|...' 1548536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gholam Reza Azhari''' (18 Februari 1912 – 5 Novemba 2001) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la Iran aliyekuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa 39 na wa mwisho kabla ya mapinduzi]] nchini Iran chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Azhari alizaliwa mjini [[Shiraz, Iran|Shiraz]] mnamo mwaka 1912 (au mwaka 1917, kulingana na vyanzo vingine).<ref name=rulers>{{cite web|title=Index At-Az|url=http://rulers.org/indexa5.html|work=Rulers|access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> Alikuwa mhitimu wa chuo cha vita cha Iran na pia alipata mafunzo katika [[Chuo cha Kitaifa wa Vita]] (National War College) mjini [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] katika miaka ya 1950.<ref name=rulers/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] hho4ckfhgrc4w74zy57a315droixxoc 1548538 1548536 2026-05-22T17:29:10Z Egipa 87700 1548538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gholam Reza Azhari''' (18 Februari 1912 – 5 Novemba 2001) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la [[Irani|Iran]] aliyekuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa 39 na wa mwisho kabla ya mapinduzi]] nchini Iran chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Azhari alizaliwa mjini [[Shiraz, Iran|Shiraz]] mnamo mwaka 1912 (au mwaka 1917, kulingana na vyanzo vingine).<ref name=rulers>{{cite web|title=Index At-Az|url=http://rulers.org/indexa5.html|work=Rulers|access-date=31 July 2013}}</ref> Alikuwa mhitimu wa chuo cha vita cha Iran na pia alipata mafunzo katika [[Chuo cha Kitaifa wa Vita]] (National War College) mjini [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] katika miaka ya 1950.<ref name=rulers/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] jwuuvd7lkebtjojqcpw9x9m1vkjzlkr 0 237710 1548539 2026-05-22T17:32:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Reza Azimi''' alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi wa ngazi ya juu wakati wa utawala wa [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. Alikuwa jenerali na alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za kijeshi na kiserikali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kamanda wa [[Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Kifalme ya Iran]] na [[Wizara ya Ulinzi na Lojistiki ya Majeshi (Iran)|Waziri wa Vita]]. == Wasifu == Azimi alihudumu kama kamanda wa Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Kifalme y...' 1548539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reza Azimi''' alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi wa ngazi ya juu wakati wa utawala wa [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]. Alikuwa jenerali na alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za kijeshi na kiserikali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kamanda wa [[Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Kifalme ya Iran]] na [[Wizara ya Ulinzi na Lojistiki ya Majeshi (Iran)|Waziri wa Vita]]. == Wasifu == Azimi alihudumu kama kamanda wa Majeshi ya Ardhini ya Kifalme ya Iran kati ya mwaka 1960 na 1966.<ref name=ffor>{{cite web|title=General Reza Azimi|url=https://fis-iran.org/en/content/azimi-general-reza|publisher=Foundation for Iranian Studies|access-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315003016/https://fis-iran.org/en/content/azimi-general-reza|archive-date=15 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=hoos/> Aliondoka madarakani kwa sababu ya ugonjwa.<ref name=hoos>{{cite thesis|oclc=12037858|author=Hooshmand Mirfakhraei|title=The Imperial Iranian armed forces and the revolution of 1978-1979|page=254|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303350420|location=[[University at Buffalo]] |degree=PhD|year=1984|id={{ProQuest|303350420}}}}</ref> Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa msaidizi mkuu wa kijeshi (general adjutant) wa Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nafasi ambayo aliidumu nayo hadi mwaka 1970.<ref name=ffor/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5upxntw2w0z166vr8xqzq453i1j55i3 0 237711 1548542 2026-05-22T17:38:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Akbar Bahman''' (pia akijulikana kama Mirza Ali Akbar Khan; 1883 – 1967) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] wakati wa enzi za [[Uajemi ya Qajar|Qajar]] na [[Enzi ya Pahlavi nchini Iran|Pahlavi]].<ref>Baqer 'Aqeli: "Ali Akbar Bahman", in: ''Sharh-e hal-e rejal'', Vol. I, pp. 325-26, Tehran 2001.</ref> == Familia == Ali Akbar Bahman alikuwa mwanachama wa familia maarufu ya [[Bahmani family|Bahmani]]. Alizaliwa mjini Tehran kama...' 1548542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Akbar Bahman''' (pia akijulikana kama Mirza Ali Akbar Khan; 1883 – 1967) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] wakati wa enzi za [[Uajemi ya Qajar|Qajar]] na [[Enzi ya Pahlavi nchini Iran|Pahlavi]].<ref>Baqer 'Aqeli: "Ali Akbar Bahman", in: ''Sharh-e hal-e rejal'', Vol. I, pp. 325-26, Tehran 2001.</ref> == Familia == Ali Akbar Bahman alikuwa mwanachama wa familia maarufu ya [[Bahmani family|Bahmani]]. Alizaliwa mjini Tehran kama Mirza Ali Akbar Khan mnamo mwaka 1883, na alifia huko mnamo mwaka 1967. Alikuwa mzao wa familia ya Mwanafalme [[Bahman Mirza]], mtoto wa [[Abbas Mirza]]. Bahman Mirza (1810–1884) alikuwa gavana mkuu wa Azerbaijan, na kaimu mtawala (prince-regent) kwa niaba ya kaka yake aliyekuwa mgonjwa, [[Mohammad Shah Qajar]], na mwanafalme mrithi aliyekuwa bado mtoto mchanga, [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar|Naser al-Din Mirza]]. Baada ya Bahman Mirza kupoteza upendeleo katika jumba la kifalme, alikwenda uhamishoni kwenye eneo la Caucasus lililokuwa chini ya Urusi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1883|1967}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 3eiuhmxpragrfczg92plnacznxmzwp2 0 237712 1548544 2026-05-22T17:50:13Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shapour Bakhtiar''' ({{audio|Shapour Bakhtiar.ogg|<small>sikiliza</small>}}; 26 Juni 1914{{spaced ndash}}6 Agosti 1991) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alipata kuhudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa mwisho wa Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Interview with Bakhtiar, Shapour : Tape 01. The Iranian Oral History Project is a unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history". |url...' 1548544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shapour Bakhtiar''' ({{audio|Shapour Bakhtiar.ogg|<small>sikiliza</small>}}; 26 Juni 1914{{spaced ndash}}6 Agosti 1991) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alipata kuhudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa mwisho wa Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Interview with Bakhtiar, Shapour : Tape 01. The Iranian Oral History Project is a unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history". |url=https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:1212844}}</ref> Kwa maneno ya mwanahistoria [[Abbas Milani]]: "zaidi ya mara moja, kwa sauti ya kulalamika na kuonya (jeremiad), alilikumbusha taifa kuhusu hatari za utawala wa mabavu wa viongozi wa kidini, na jinsi ambavyo ufashisti wa [[mullah]] (viongozi wa dini) ungekuwa mweusi na mbaya zaidi kuliko utawala wowote wa [[utawala wa kijeshi|kijeshi]]."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Milani |first1=Abbas |author-link=Abbas Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979 |date=2008 |publisher=Syracuse University Press and Persian World Press |isbn=978-0815609070 |page=109}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1991, yeye pamoja na katibu wake waliuawa nyumbani kwake huko [[Suresnes]], Ufaransa, na mawakala wa [[Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-18 |title=L'assassinat de Chapour Bakthiar était presque parfait... |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20100518-recit-assassinat-bakhtiar-suresnes-vakili-rad-iran-justice-france-expulsion-liberation |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=France 24 |language=fr|quote=Cette fois-ci le plan est préparé avec minutie. Selon le rapport d’enquête menée par la police après le meurtre et obtenu by le Los Angeles Times, plusieurs ministères iraniens ont été mis à contribution pour fomenter l'attaque.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nehmé |first=Lina Murr |last2=Causeur.fr |date=2018-08-06 |title=Il y a vingt-sept ans, le régime des mollahs tuait Chapour Bakhtiar en France |url=https://www.causeur.fr/iran-chapour-bakhtiar-khomeyni-153449 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=Causeur |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-11 |title=A Life in Focus: Shapour Bakhtiar, the last prime minister of Iran's Pahlavi era |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/lifeinfocus/shapour-bakhtiar-exiled-assassinated-prime-minister-iran-pahlavi-era-a8474656.html |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=The Independent |language=en|quote=On 9 August 1991, The Independent ran a news story headlined, “A murder that will haunt Iran” – Shapour Bakhtiar was stabbed to death by three terrorists using knives from the kitchen of his home in France. Fingers were pointed at Tehran.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1914|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] a9yvpi8ff8y21upv02mynprqi1dkcbh 1548642 1548544 2026-05-22T21:19:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1548642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shapour Bakhtiar''' ({{audio|Shapour Bakhtiar.ogg|<small>sikiliza</small>}}; 26 Juni 1914{{spaced ndash}}6 Agosti 1991) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alipata kuhudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu wa mwisho wa Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title="Interview with Bakhtiar, Shapour : Tape 01. The Iranian Oral History Project is a unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history". |url=https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:1212844}}</ref> Kwa maneno ya mwanahistoria [[Abbas Milani]]: "zaidi ya mara moja, kwa sauti ya kulalamika na kuonya (jeremiad), alilikumbusha taifa kuhusu hatari za utawala wa mabavu wa viongozi wa kidini, na jinsi ambavyo ufashisti wa [[mullah]] (viongozi wa dini) ungekuwa mweusi na mbaya zaidi kuliko utawala wowote wa [[utawala wa kijeshi|kijeshi]]."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Milani |first1=Abbas |author-link=Abbas Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979 |date=2008 |publisher=Syracuse University Press and Persian World Press |isbn=978-0815609070 |page=109}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1991, yeye pamoja na katibu wake waliuawa nyumbani kwake huko [[Suresnes]], Ufaransa, na mawakala wa [[Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2010-05-18 |title=L'assassinat de Chapour Bakthiar était presque parfait... |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20100518-recit-assassinat-bakhtiar-suresnes-vakili-rad-iran-justice-france-expulsion-liberation |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=France 24 |language=fr|quote=Cette fois-ci le plan est préparé avec minutie. Selon le rapport d’enquête menée par la police après le meurtre et obtenu by le Los Angeles Times, plusieurs ministères iraniens ont été mis à contribution pour fomenter l'attaque.}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nehmé |first=Lina Murr |last2=Causeur.fr |date=2018-08-06 |title=Il y a vingt-sept ans, le régime des mollahs tuait Chapour Bakhtiar en France |url=https://www.causeur.fr/iran-chapour-bakhtiar-khomeyni-153449 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=Causeur |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-08-11 |title=A Life in Focus: Shapour Bakhtiar, the last prime minister of Iran's Pahlavi era |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/lifeinfocus/shapour-bakhtiar-exiled-assassinated-prime-minister-iran-pahlavi-era-a8474656.html |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=The Independent |language=en|quote=On 9 August 1991, The Independent ran a news story headlined, “A murder that will haunt Iran” – Shapour Bakhtiar was stabbed to death by three terrorists using knives from the kitchen of his home in France. Fingers were pointed at Tehran.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1914|1991}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] oujp19qoet1oc6rk0bfqrxva4w4pive 0 237713 1548546 2026-05-22T17:53:49Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari''' ([[Kiluri|Luri]]/[[Kiajemi]]: {{lang|fa|بی‌بی مریم بختیاری}}; 1874 – 1937) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi na mwanaharakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Iran]] mwenye asili ya kabila la [[Wabakhtiari]] wa kundi la [[Walor]] nchini [[Iran]]. Akiwa kama kamanda wa kijeshi, alicheza dori (nafasi) muhimu na ya kipekee wakati majeshi ya Bakhtiari, kwa msaada wa silaha za kisasa kutoka [[Dola la Ujerumani]], walipofanikiw...' 1548546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari''' ([[Kiluri|Luri]]/[[Kiajemi]]: {{lang|fa|بی‌بی مریم بختیاری}}; 1874 – 1937) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi na mwanaharakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Kikatiba ya Iran]] mwenye asili ya kabila la [[Wabakhtiari]] wa kundi la [[Walor]] nchini [[Iran]]. Akiwa kama kamanda wa kijeshi, alicheza dori (nafasi) muhimu na ya kipekee wakati majeshi ya Bakhtiari, kwa msaada wa silaha za kisasa kutoka [[Dola la Ujerumani]], walipofanikiwa kuteka mji wa Tehran mnamo mwaka 1909. Hatua hiyo ilikuwa sehemu ya harakati za kimapinduzi zilizolenga kuilazimisha serikali kuu kufanya mageuzi ya kidemokrasia.<ref>Oehler, J. 'Bibi Maryam: A Bakhtiari tribal woman', in Edmond, B and N. Yaghoubian (ed) Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East. University of California Press, 2006. {{ISBN|9780520246614}}, 426 Pages (Pages 103-115), available online at: [https://books.google.com/books?id=fwjEHoCBO0cC&dq=bibi+maryam+bakhtiari&pg=PA115]</ref><ref>Aujan, Abolfath, 1966. 'The history of Bakhtiaries'. Tamti Publication, Tehran, 272 pages.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1874|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5jb4h449ezvgb38ijcxbq3zkgl5rz4d 0 237714 1548549 2026-05-22T18:01:51Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou''' (1917 – 20 Mei 2007) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran.]] Alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]], na alihudumu mara mbili kama Meya na Mbunge wa [[Hamedan]] katika miaka ya 1950 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093440/http://www.hegmataneh.org/1386/03/03/post_61.php دكتر بهروز مرادي: قدرشناسي مردم همدان كم‌نظير و نمونه است]}}</ref>...' 1548549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou''' (1917 – 20 Mei 2007) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran.]] Alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]], na alihudumu mara mbili kama Meya na Mbunge wa [[Hamedan]] katika miaka ya 1950 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093440/http://www.hegmataneh.org/1386/03/03/post_61.php دكتر بهروز مرادي: قدرشناسي مردم همدان كم‌نظير و نمونه است]}}</ref> == Wasifu == Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]], Iran. Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wawili wa kiume wa Kamanda Asad Khan wa Talesh.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093447/http://www.hegmataneh.org/1386/03/06/post_2441.php فرزندان و نوادگان بالاخانلو درباره پدر چه مي‌گويند؟]}}</ref> Babu yake mzao wa mama, Mirza Mahmud Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh, alikuwa balozi wa Iran nchini Urusi, na alikuwa Spika wa Bunge la Majlis mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1900. Ehtesham ol-Saltaneh pia alikuwa mmoja wa waasisi wa Katiba ya Iran wakati wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]].<ref>Parliamentary Library – {{cite web|url=http://www.majlislib.com/LibHistoryE.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-05-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608213330/http://www.majlislib.com/LibHistoryE.htm |archivedate=June 8, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1917|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 9zkyevs87qfgephp3y1j9d6hqfm4v1s 0 237715 1548551 2026-05-22T18:04:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad-Bagher Bagheri Kani''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1926) alikuwa [[Mujtahid]] wa Shia wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa kidini (Mujtahids) 82-86 waliochaguliwa katika kipindi cha [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1982|Kwanza]] (1982), [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1990|Pili]] (1990), na [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 2006|Nne]] (2006) cha [[Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran|Baraza la Wataalamu]].<ref>{...' 1548551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Bagher Bagheri Kani''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1926) alikuwa [[Mujtahid]] wa Shia wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa kidini (Mujtahids) 82-86 waliochaguliwa katika kipindi cha [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1982|Kwanza]] (1982), [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1990|Pili]] (1990), na [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 2006|Nne]] (2006) cha [[Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran|Baraza la Wataalamu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-24 |title=2006 Assembly of Experts Election -Iran Data Portal - 2006 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/2006/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115900/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/2006/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19 |title=1982 Assembly of Experts Election - Iran Data Portal - 1982 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162414/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19 |title=1998 Assembly of Experts Election - Iran Data Portal - 1998 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162413/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 2dbr2phw4e6d058d15cf8u1x26o9edg 1548611 1548551 2026-05-22T20:15:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1548611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Bagher Bagheri Kani''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1926) alikuwa [[Mujtahid]] wa Shia wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa kidini (Mujtahids) 82-86 waliochaguliwa katika kipindi cha [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1982|Kwanza]] (1982), [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 1990|Pili]] (1990), na [[Uchaguzi wa Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran wa 2006|Nne]] (2006) cha [[Baraza la Wataalamu wa Iran|Baraza la Wataalamu]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-09-24 |title=2006 Assembly of Experts Election -Iran Data Portal - 2006 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/2006/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115900/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/2006/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-10-19 |title=1982 Assembly of Experts Election - Iran Data Portal - 1982 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162414/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-10-19 |title=1998 Assembly of Experts Election - Iran Data Portal - 1998 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162413/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] p0j8mqwkk2wnvw12wlqs5f2ilh47ucd 0 237716 1548552 2026-05-22T18:13:46Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdolhossein Behnia''' (Kiajemi: عبدالحسین بهنیا), pia huandikwa kama Abdul Husain Behnia, alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyepata kuhudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|Waziri wa Fedha]] mara kadhaa wakati wa utawala wa [[Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vali Nasr|title=Politics within the Late-Pahlavi State: The Ministry of Economy and Industrial Policy, 1963–69|journal=Internationa...' 1548552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdolhossein Behnia''' (Kiajemi: عبدالحسین بهنیا), pia huandikwa kama Abdul Husain Behnia, alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyepata kuhudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|Waziri wa Fedha]] mara kadhaa wakati wa utawala wa [[Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vali Nasr|title=Politics within the Late-Pahlavi State: The Ministry of Economy and Industrial Policy, 1963–69|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|date=February 2000|volume=32|issue=1|page=99|jstor=259537}}</ref> Alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la Waziri Mkuu [[Ali Amini]] na baadaye la [[Asadollah Alam]] mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah |publisher=University of California Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-520-94216-5|location=Berkeley, CA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PA318|page=318}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=با استعفای دولت ؛ کابینه جدید امروز به شاه معرفی شد|url=http://www.iichs.ir/News-6557/30-%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86-1341/?id=6557|publisher=Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies|access-date=3 September 2021|language=fa|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903084712/http://www.iichs.ir/News-6557/30-%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86-1341/?id=6557|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 3uhk6zyka9j13zcj2es3zohstd9ecpn 0 237717 1548569 2026-05-22T19:01:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joe Bartuah''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Liberia. Alikuwa mhariri wa zamani wa gazeti la ''The News'', [[gazeti]] la kila siku lililoko Monrovia, [[Liberia]], na kwa sasa anafanya [[kazi]] kama Media Specialist katika Consolidated Media, Inc.. == Kukamatwa == Mnamo 21 Februari 2001, Bartuah alikamatwa pamoja na waandishi wenzake Abdullah Dukuly, Jerome Dalieh na Bobby Tapson baada ya gazeti lao kuripoti madai kwamba [[serikali]] ya Charles Tayl...' 1548569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joe Bartuah''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Liberia. Alikuwa mhariri wa zamani wa gazeti la ''The News'', [[gazeti]] la kila siku lililoko Monrovia, [[Liberia]], na kwa sasa anafanya [[kazi]] kama Media Specialist katika Consolidated Media, Inc.. == Kukamatwa == Mnamo 21 Februari 2001, Bartuah alikamatwa pamoja na waandishi wenzake Abdullah Dukuly, Jerome Dalieh na Bobby Tapson baada ya gazeti lao kuripoti madai kwamba [[serikali]] ya Charles Taylor ilitumia dola 50,000 za Marekani kwa ajili ya “kukarabati helikopta zisizokuwepo” badala ya kulipa mishahara ya watumishi wa umma. == Kazi == Anajulikana kwa [[kazi]] yake ya uandishi wa uchunguzi na pia shughuli za utetezi wa uhuru wa vyombo vya [[habari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RSF - Letters of protest - Liberia - February 22 2001|url=http://www.rsf.org/rsf/uk/html/afrique/cplp01/lp01/220201.html|work=www.rsf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Liberia]] ashi2bia4utn9l2xubebfgsx38sh3jr 1548578 1548569 2026-05-22T19:10:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joe Bartuah''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Liberia. Alikuwa mhariri wa zamani wa gazeti la ''The News'', [[gazeti]] la kila siku lililoko Monrovia, [[Liberia]], na kwa sasa anafanya [[kazi]] kama Media Specialist katika Consolidated Media, Inc.. == Kukamatwa == Mnamo 21 Februari 2001, Bartuah alikamatwa pamoja na waandishi wenzake Abdullah Dukuly, Jerome Dalieh na Bobby Tapson baada ya gazeti lao kuripoti madai kwamba [[serikali]] ya Charles Taylor ilitumia dola 50,000 za Marekani kwa ajili ya “kukarabati helikopta zisizokuwepo” badala ya kulipa mishahara ya watumishi wa umma. == Kazi == Anajulikana kwa [[kazi]] yake ya uandishi wa uchunguzi na pia shughuli za utetezi wa uhuru wa vyombo vya [[habari]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RSF - Letters of protest - Liberia - February 22 2001|url=http://www.rsf.org/rsf/uk/html/afrique/cplp01/lp01/220201.html|work=www.rsf.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Liberia]] eg1pjk32lx2ab3rs42c0i5qlr7jav8f 0 237718 1548573 2026-05-22T19:05:18Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hamse Mohamed Abdi''' (Kisomali: ''Xamse Maxamed Cabdi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye tangu Januari 2018 anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Togdheer katika Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|languag...' 1548573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamse Mohamed Abdi''' (Kisomali: ''Xamse Maxamed Cabdi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye tangu Januari 2018 anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Togdheer katika Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=burao airport construction works to start soon- minister of transport somaliland|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/burao-airport-construction-works-to-start-soon-minister-of-transport-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2020-02-28|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] bb7d1f89mym448qhqj3shxgtwwmg6s3 1548896 1548573 2026-05-23T09:24:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamse Mohamed Abdi''' (Kisomali: ''Xamse Maxamed Cabdi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye tangu Januari 2018 anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Togdheer katika Somaliland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=burao airport construction works to start soon- minister of transport somaliland|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/burao-airport-construction-works-to-start-soon-minister-of-transport-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2020-02-28|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] dpkdh7d0hyyjwubu2me8rrqzpmk469p 0 237719 1548575 2026-05-22T19:08:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdillahi Abokor Osman''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdillaahi Abokor Cismaan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] anayehudumu katika serikali ya Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: Minister of Transport receives UK delegation {{!}} Somaliland Current|date=2019-12-11|url=https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/2019/12/11/somaliland-minister-of-transport-receives-british-delegation/|work=Somaliland Current|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite w...' 1548575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdillahi Abokor Osman''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdillaahi Abokor Cismaan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] anayehudumu katika serikali ya Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: Minister of Transport receives UK delegation {{!}} Somaliland Current|date=2019-12-11|url=https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/2019/12/11/somaliland-minister-of-transport-receives-british-delegation/|work=Somaliland Current|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Ministry of Transport Links Amoud University with Borame Town|url=https://menafn.com/1099458518/Somaliland-Ministry-of-Transport-Links-Amoud-University-with-Borame-Town|work=menafn.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=MENAFN}}</ref> == Wadhifa == Anashika nafasi ya: * Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani * Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Maendeleo ya Barabara * Mjumbe wa Mamlaka ya Mikataba ya Kitaifa Anafanya [[kazi]] katika usimamizi wa sera za ndani, miundombinu ya usafiri, na mikataba ya [[serikali]] ya Somaliland. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 4l7lw0d8uzm09l8q00l6w2upjuc09ca 0 237720 1548580 2026-05-22T19:11:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdillahi Mohamed Dahir''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdillaahi Maxamed Daahir''), anayejulikana pia kama Cukuse, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. == Wadhifa aliowahi kushika == * Waziri wa [[Habari]] na Mwelekeo wa Kitaifa wa Somaliland (2013–2016) * [[Waziri]] wa Mifugo na Uvuvi wa Somaliland (2016–2017) Alihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya Somaliland, hasa katika sekta ya habari na kilimo/mifugo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland:...' 1548580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdillahi Mohamed Dahir''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdillaahi Maxamed Daahir''), anayejulikana pia kama Cukuse, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. == Wadhifa aliowahi kushika == * Waziri wa [[Habari]] na Mwelekeo wa Kitaifa wa Somaliland (2013–2016) * [[Waziri]] wa Mifugo na Uvuvi wa Somaliland (2016–2017) Alihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya Somaliland, hasa katika sekta ya habari na kilimo/mifugo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Information Minister to sue MP Qabille for Incrimination|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-information-minister-to-sue-mp-qabille-for-incrimination/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2013-10-26|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia: Saudi lifts livestock export ban for Somaliland|url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somaliland/somalia-saudi-lifts-livestock-export-ban-for-somaliland|work=Garowe Online|date=2020-06-30|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] ixacjhepr732odu02fy3t5k28oryaax 0 237721 1548581 2026-05-22T19:14:47Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Omar Ali Abdillahi''' (Kisomali: ''Cumar Cali Cabdillaahi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland tarehe 14 Aprili 2019, ambapo alihusika katika usimamizi wa [[sera]] na huduma za afya nchini Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Omar A. Ali, the Somaliland Minister of Health Development paid a Visit to Amoud University|url=https://www.med.amouduniversity.org/k2-listing/item/736-hon-omar-a-ali-the-somaliland-min...' 1548581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Ali Abdillahi''' (Kisomali: ''Cumar Cali Cabdillaahi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland tarehe 14 Aprili 2019, ambapo alihusika katika usimamizi wa [[sera]] na huduma za afya nchini Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Omar A. Ali, the Somaliland Minister of Health Development paid a Visit to Amoud University|url=https://www.med.amouduniversity.org/k2-listing/item/736-hon-omar-a-ali-the-somaliland-minister-of-health-development-paid-a-visit-to-amoud-university|work=www.med.amouduniversity.org|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-gb|author=Amoud Web Team}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First Health Expo to open in Somaliland- Health Minister|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/first-health-expo-to-open-in-somaliland-health-minister/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] k914dk817cz8rrg0yl83g0fksaxip19 1548630 1548581 2026-05-22T20:53:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Ali Abdillahi''' (Kisomali: ''Cumar Cali Cabdillaahi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland tarehe 14 Aprili 2019, ambapo alihusika katika usimamizi wa [[sera]] na huduma za afya nchini Somaliland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hon. Omar A. Ali, the Somaliland Minister of Health Development paid a Visit to Amoud University|url=https://www.med.amouduniversity.org/k2-listing/item/736-hon-omar-a-ali-the-somaliland-minister-of-health-development-paid-a-visit-to-amoud-university|work=www.med.amouduniversity.org|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-gb|author=Amoud Web Team}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=First Health Expo to open in Somaliland- Health Minister|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/first-health-expo-to-open-in-somaliland-health-minister/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] fzl9jj6aeo6bfrtat16uher08denw73 0 237722 1548583 2026-05-22T19:18:15Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Yuusuf Cabdiraxmaan''), anayejulikana pia kama Murad, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Alikuwa Meya wa Burao, jiji kubwa na makao makuu ya mkoa wa Togdheer katika Somaliland, akihudumu kuanzia 2012 hadi 2021. Anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa mameya waliodumu [[muda]] mrefu zaidi katika historia ya jiji hilo. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa 2021, alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi tarehe...' 1548583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Yuusuf Cabdiraxmaan''), anayejulikana pia kama Murad, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Alikuwa Meya wa Burao, jiji kubwa na makao makuu ya mkoa wa Togdheer katika Somaliland, akihudumu kuanzia 2012 hadi 2021. Anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa mameya waliodumu [[muda]] mrefu zaidi katika historia ya jiji hilo. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa 2021, alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi tarehe 20 Juni 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qaabkii ay u dhacday dhaarintii Mudanayaasha & Doorashadii Burco ee Maayarka – CBATV|url=https://cbatv.net/warar/qaabkii-ay-u-dhacday-dhaarintii-mudanayaasha-doorashadii-burco-ee-maayarka/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Hussein Jama}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=SAAB TV|title=Maayir Iyo Maayir Kuxigeenka Degmada Burco Ayaa Loo Dooray Cabdirisaaq Hero Iyo Mukhtaar Baaryare|date=2021-06-20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgKJB28e6Dk|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 4j49l3gp3dynpli39faqif72pz22qg5 1548610 1548583 2026-05-22T20:15:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Yuusuf Cabdiraxmaan''), anayejulikana pia kama Murad, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Alikuwa Meya wa Burao, jiji kubwa na makao makuu ya mkoa wa Togdheer katika Somaliland, akihudumu kuanzia 2012 hadi 2021. Anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa mameya waliodumu [[muda]] mrefu zaidi katika historia ya jiji hilo. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa 2021, alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi tarehe 20 Juni 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Qaabkii ay u dhacday dhaarintii Mudanayaasha & Doorashadii Burco ee Maayarka – CBATV|url=https://cbatv.net/warar/qaabkii-ay-u-dhacday-dhaarintii-mudanayaasha-doorashadii-burco-ee-maayarka/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Hussein Jama}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=SAAB TV|title=Maayir Iyo Maayir Kuxigeenka Degmada Burco Ayaa Loo Dooray Cabdirisaaq Hero Iyo Mukhtaar Baaryare|date=2021-06-20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgKJB28e6Dk|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] gc9efumwov6y08hs9burqppmepxczhf 0 237723 1548585 2026-05-22T19:21:53Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdirashid Haji Duale Qambi''' (Kisomali: Cabdirashiid Xaaji Ducaale Qambi) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia, ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Ujenzi wa Umma na Makazi wa Somaliland. Ni mwanasiasa wa [[muda]] mrefu ambaye ameshika nyadhifa nyingi za kisiasa tangu Somaliland ilipojitangaza kujitawala mwaka 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland:Minister of Public Works and Housing Accuses Puntland/Somalia Administration for Preparation to Go to Wa...' 1548585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdirashid Haji Duale Qambi''' (Kisomali: Cabdirashiid Xaaji Ducaale Qambi) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia, ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Ujenzi wa Umma na Makazi wa Somaliland. Ni mwanasiasa wa [[muda]] mrefu ambaye ameshika nyadhifa nyingi za kisiasa tangu Somaliland ilipojitangaza kujitawala mwaka 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland:Minister of Public Works and Housing Accuses Puntland/Somalia Administration for Preparation to Go to War with Somaliland in Buuhoodle|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandminister-of-public-works-and-housing-accuses-puntland-somalia-administration-for-preparation-to-go-to-war-with-somaliland-in-buuhoodle/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-06-06|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/minister-apologizes-to-hass-petroleum-for-wrong-accusations/|work=www.somaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] f5ue0ytqkniydhjo7z6y9m75kn0l6qf 0 237724 1548586 2026-05-22T19:27:01Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Ibraahin Cabdi''), anayejulikana pia kwa lakabu ya Hero, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alikuwa Meya wa Burao, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa wa mkoa wa Togdheer nchini Somaliland, akihudumu kuanzia 20 Juni 2021 hadi 16 Desemba 2023. Aliteuliwa baada ya kuchukua nafasi ya Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman kufuatia uchaguzi wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa 2021. Baadaye alichukuliwa nafasi na Mohamed Hersi Ahmed.<ref>{{Ci...' 1548586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Ibraahin Cabdi''), anayejulikana pia kwa lakabu ya Hero, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alikuwa Meya wa Burao, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa wa mkoa wa Togdheer nchini Somaliland, akihudumu kuanzia 20 Juni 2021 hadi 16 Desemba 2023. Aliteuliwa baada ya kuchukua nafasi ya Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman kufuatia uchaguzi wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa 2021. Baadaye alichukuliwa nafasi na Mohamed Hersi Ahmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maayarka cusub ee Burco oo ka soo kacay miyir doorsankii saaka ku dhacay {{!}} Qaran News|url=https://qarannews.com/maayarka-cusub-ee-burco-oo-ka-soo-kacay-miyir-doorsankii-saaka-ku-dhacay/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Maxaa ka jira in Maayarka cusub ee Burco uu ku dhacay hoolkii lagu doortay|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c872l53lzpvo|work=BBC News Somali|date=2023-12-16|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=so}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] b061sf6bpwld3z73nmqm69qvhj7jpwi 0 237725 1548587 2026-05-22T19:30:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdisamad Omar Maal''' ni afisa wa [[mahakama]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland anayehudumu kama Mwanasheria [[Mkuu]] (Attorney General) wa Somaliland. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa [[Wizara]] ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attorney General takes new position on the proposal by mediation commitee - Somaliland Reporter|url=https://somalilandreporter.com/2022/09/02/attorney-general-takes-new-position-on-the-proposal...' 1548587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdisamad Omar Maal''' ni afisa wa [[mahakama]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland anayehudumu kama Mwanasheria [[Mkuu]] (Attorney General) wa Somaliland. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa [[Wizara]] ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attorney General takes new position on the proposal by mediation commitee - Somaliland Reporter|url=https://somalilandreporter.com/2022/09/02/attorney-general-takes-new-position-on-the-proposal-by-mediation-commitee/|date=2022-09-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Demand for Increased Women and Minority Quota in Somaliland is Lawful, Attorney General Says - Somali News today Live|url=https://www.ftlsomalia.com/demand-for-increased-women-and-minority-quota-in-somaliland-is-lawful-attorney-general-says/|work=FTL Somalia|date=2020-07-24|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=F. T. L. Somalia}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] g4paf2el1zxcmjtfisczyq7fljwx0de 0 237726 1548588 2026-05-22T19:33:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdiweli Sheikh Abdillahi Soufi''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiweli Shiikh Cabdillaahi Suufi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Habari]] na Teknolojia ya [[Mawasiliano]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland mulls interconnectivity law for telecom companies|date=2019-12-20|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-mulls-interconnectivity-law-for-telecom-companies/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB...' 1548588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdiweli Sheikh Abdillahi Soufi''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiweli Shiikh Cabdillaahi Suufi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Habari]] na Teknolojia ya [[Mawasiliano]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland mulls interconnectivity law for telecom companies|date=2019-12-20|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-mulls-interconnectivity-law-for-telecom-companies/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: ICT Summit Opens in Hargeisa|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-ict-summit-opens-in-hargeisa/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-09-07|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] rkypiyxcvvfgu42hi0ysychiphebr0g 0 237727 1548590 2026-05-22T19:37:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdullahi Abdi Omar Jawaan''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdullaahi Cabdi Cumar Jawaan'', alizaliwa 1949) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alijulikana kwa kuanzisha nembo ya [[taifa]] ya Somaliland mwaka 1996.<ref>{{Citation|title=Daawo:-Cabdilaahi Jawaan Oo Xukumada Ku Canaantay In Astaanta Qaranka Ee Uu Isagu Sameeyay magaciisa Lagu Xusi Waayo|date=2015-04-05|url=https://barkulannews.com/articles/10348/Daawo-Cabdilaahi-Jawaan-Oo-Xukumada-Ku-Canaantay-In-Astaanta-...' 1548590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullahi Abdi Omar Jawaan''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdullaahi Cabdi Cumar Jawaan'', alizaliwa 1949) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alijulikana kwa kuanzisha nembo ya [[taifa]] ya Somaliland mwaka 1996.<ref>{{Citation|title=Daawo:-Cabdilaahi Jawaan Oo Xukumada Ku Canaantay In Astaanta Qaranka Ee Uu Isagu Sameeyay magaciisa Lagu Xusi Waayo|date=2015-04-05|url=https://barkulannews.com/articles/10348/Daawo-Cabdilaahi-Jawaan-Oo-Xukumada-Ku-Canaantay-In-Astaanta-Qaranka-Ee-Uu-Isagu-Sameeyay-magaciisa-Lagu-Xusi-Waayo|work=barkulannews.com|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa mmoja wa makamishna wa awali wa Tume ya [[Taifa]] ya [[Uchaguzi]] ya Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=NEC Commissioners|url=http://slnec.org/nec-commissionaires/|work=Somaliland National Electoral Commission ( NEC )|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 5fqsfu8o96iklnhd331hp4skoxstgbi 0 237728 1548592 2026-05-22T19:41:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdirahman Ahmed Ali''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Awdal wa Somaliland tangu Januari 2018. Mwishoni mwa Januari 2020, viongozi wa kidini wa eneo hilo walimshutumu kwa kudaiwa kukosa heshima kwa [[dini]] (Uislamu), jambo ambalo ni kinyume na [[sheria]] za nchi. Hata hivyo, gavana huyo alikanusha madai hayo akisema: “Sikuwa na sababu ya kukosea dini, kwa sababu mi...' 1548592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdirahman Ahmed Ali''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Awdal wa Somaliland tangu Januari 2018. Mwishoni mwa Januari 2020, viongozi wa kidini wa eneo hilo walimshutumu kwa kudaiwa kukosa heshima kwa [[dini]] (Uislamu), jambo ambalo ni kinyume na [[sheria]] za nchi. Hata hivyo, gavana huyo alikanusha madai hayo akisema: “Sikuwa na sababu ya kukosea dini, kwa sababu mimi ni Muislamu.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Hassan|first=Abdiqani|title=Tropical cyclone hits Somaliland killing at least 15 people - governor|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-somalia-floods/tropical-cyclone-hits-somaliland-killing-at-least-15-people-governor-idUKKCN1IM0LX|work=U.K.|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] kpegiy84lsvef38hkpy663ibge1p79y 0 237729 1548594 2026-05-22T19:45:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ismail Ali Abokor''' (Kisomali: ''Ismaaciil Cali Abokor'') alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na Meja Jenerali wa [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Reuters|title=8 Somalis Sentenced to Die; Charge Is Plotting Sabotage|date=1988-02-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/09/world/8-somalis-sentenced-to-die-charge-is-plotting-sabotage.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-05-22|last2=Times|first2=Special to the New York}}</ref> Al...' 1548594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ismail Ali Abokor''' (Kisomali: ''Ismaaciil Cali Abokor'') alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na Meja Jenerali wa [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Reuters|title=8 Somalis Sentenced to Die; Charge Is Plotting Sabotage|date=1988-02-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/09/world/8-somalis-sentenced-to-die-charge-is-plotting-sabotage.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-05-22|last2=Times|first2=Special to the New York}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama mwandamizi wa Baraza la [[Mapinduzi]] (Supreme Revolutionary Council) na pia alihudumu kama Makamu wa [[Rais]] wa Somalia katika kipindi cha Siad Barre kati ya 1971 na 1982. Pia aliwahi kuwa Spika wa Bunge la Watu kuanzia 1979 hadi 1982. == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa mwaka 1937 mjini Burao (sasa Somaliland). Baada ya elimu ya [[sekondari]], alisoma mafunzo ya kijeshi nchini Uingereza na kuhitimu katika Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] abptx27vhl4aq400cpkcj7ct7medccr 0 237730 1548598 2026-05-22T19:48:55Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Érica Farías | jina_halisi = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_utani = La Pantera | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi Kidogo *Uzani wa Kati }} | urefu = | mikono = | utaifa = Argentina | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1984|7|13|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Bue...' 1548598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Érica Farías | jina_halisi = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_utani = La Pantera | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi Kidogo *Uzani wa Kati }} | urefu = | mikono = | utaifa = Argentina | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1984|7|13|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Buenos Aires, Argentina | tarehe_ya_kifo = | mahala_pa_kifo = | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | jumla = 35 | ushindi = 27 | KO = 10 | kupoteza = 8 | sare = | hakuna mashindano = }} {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalCountry | {{ARG}} }} {{MedalSport | Ngumi za wanawake}} {{MedalCompetition|Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ngumi za Amateurs}} {{MedalSilver| 2006 New Delhi | Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Érica Anabella Farías''' (alizaliwa Julai 13, 1984), anayejulikana kama "'''La Pantera'''", ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Argentina]]. Yeye ni bingwa wa dunia wa madaraja mawili ya uzito, akiwa ameshikilia taji la wanawake la [[uzito wa jepesi|uzito mwepesi]] (lightweight) la WBC kuanzia mwaka 2011 hadi 2014, na taji la wanawake la [[uzito wa jepesi wa juu|uzito mwepesi wa juu]] (super lightweight) la WBC kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2018. Pia, alipambana mara moja kuwania ubingwa usiopingika wa [[uzito wa welter]] (welterweight) mnamo mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/504629|title=BoxRec: Erica Anabella Farias|website=boxrec.com|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> Katika ngumi za ridhaa, alishinda medali ya fedha katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya mwaka 2006.<ref name="P">{{Cite web|url=https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Erica_Anabella_Farias|title=Erica Anabella Farias - BoxRec|website=boxrec.com|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dxi6acnv9ad3fuf5dxtub7feusemooz 1548888 1548598 2026-05-23T08:56:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Érica Farías | jina_halisi = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_utani = La Pantera | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi Kidogo *Uzani wa Kati }} | urefu = | mikono = | utaifa = Argentina | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1984|7|13|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Buenos Aires, Argentina | tarehe_ya_kifo = | mahala_pa_kifo = | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | jumla = 35 | ushindi = 27 | KO = 10 | kupoteza = 8 | sare = | hakuna mashindano = }} {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalCountry | {{ARG}} }} {{MedalSport | Ngumi za wanawake}} {{MedalCompetition|Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ngumi za Amateurs}} {{MedalSilver| 2006 New Delhi | Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Érica Anabella Farías''' (alizaliwa Julai 13, 1984), anayejulikana kama "'''La Pantera'''", ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Argentina]]. Yeye ni bingwa wa dunia wa madaraja mawili ya uzito, akiwa ameshikilia taji la wanawake la [[uzito wa jepesi|uzito mwepesi]] (lightweight) la WBC kuanzia mwaka 2011 hadi 2014, na taji la wanawake la [[uzito wa jepesi wa juu|uzito mwepesi wa juu]] (super lightweight) la WBC kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2018. Pia, alipambana mara moja kuwania ubingwa usiopingika wa [[uzito wa welter]] (welterweight) mnamo mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/504629|title=BoxRec: Erica Anabella Farias|website=boxrec.com|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> Katika ngumi za ridhaa, alishinda medali ya fedha katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya mwaka 2006.<ref name="P">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Erica_Anabella_Farias|title=Erica Anabella Farias - BoxRec|website=boxrec.com|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gtkuuxghrgh8g9asau4s78u0at5kj4r 0 237731 1548600 2026-05-22T19:54:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Suleiman Mohamoud Adan''' ni mwanasiasa wa Somaliland na Spika wa Baraza la Wazee la Somaliland tangu 28 Agosti 2004.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kapteijns |first=Lidwien |date=2016 |title=Review of Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44715478 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=277–279 |issn=0361-7882}}</ref> == Wasifu ==...' 1548600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Mohamoud Adan''' ni mwanasiasa wa Somaliland na Spika wa Baraza la Wazee la Somaliland tangu 28 Agosti 2004.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kapteijns |first=Lidwien |date=2016 |title=Review of Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44715478 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=277–279 |issn=0361-7882}}</ref> == Wasifu == Suleiman Mohamoud Adan Yusuf alizaliwa mwaka 1937. Yeye ni wa ukoo mdogo wa Solomadow wa Habr Je'lo Isaaq.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Between Somaliland and Puntland – Rift Valley Institute|url=https://riftvalley.net/publication/between-somaliland-and-puntland/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Suleiman alifanya kazi kama [[mwalimu]] na mkuu wa shule katika shule mbalimbali nchini Somalia, hatimaye akapanda hadi kuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa Ofisi ya Maendeleo ya Mitaala ya Somalia. Mwaka 1980 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Elimu, na mwaka 1987 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uvuvi. Baadaye alijiondoa na kujiunga na Somali National Movement (SNM) mwaka 1989. Mwaka 1991 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika serikali ya kwanza ya Somaliland chini ya Rais Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. Katika utawala wa Rais Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu na baadaye Waziri wa Fedha. Mwaka 1997 aligombea uchaguzi wa urais wa Somaliland dhidi ya [[Rais]] aliyekuwa madarakani Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal na Mohamed Hashi, lakini Egal aliendelea kushikilia urais. Pia aligombea uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa wa 2002 kama mwenyekiti wa chama cha kisiasa ASAD kabla baadaye kujiunga na chama tawala cha UDUB baada ya ASAD kuvunjika. Mwaka 2004 alichaguliwa kuwa Spika wa Baraza la Wazee, chombo cha kutunga sheria chenye wanachama 82 wanaohudumu kwa vipindi vya miaka sita. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] 16ddoe955qxf73ipqjorhbs6reperip 1548647 1548600 2026-05-22T21:26:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Mohamoud Adan''' ni mwanasiasa wa Somaliland na Spika wa Baraza la Wazee la Somaliland tangu 28 Agosti 2004.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Kapteijns |first=Lidwien |date=2016 |title=Review of Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44715478 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=277–279 |issn=0361-7882}}</ref> == Wasifu == Suleiman Mohamoud Adan Yusuf alizaliwa mwaka 1937. Yeye ni wa ukoo mdogo wa Solomadow wa Habr Je'lo Isaaq.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Between Somaliland and Puntland – Rift Valley Institute|url=https://riftvalley.net/publication/between-somaliland-and-puntland/|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Suleiman alifanya kazi kama [[mwalimu]] na mkuu wa shule katika shule mbalimbali nchini Somalia, hatimaye akapanda hadi kuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa Ofisi ya Maendeleo ya Mitaala ya Somalia. Mwaka 1980 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Elimu, na mwaka 1987 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uvuvi. Baadaye alijiondoa na kujiunga na Somali National Movement (SNM) mwaka 1989. Mwaka 1991 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika serikali ya kwanza ya Somaliland chini ya Rais Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. Katika utawala wa Rais Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu na baadaye Waziri wa Fedha. Mwaka 1997 aligombea uchaguzi wa urais wa Somaliland dhidi ya [[Rais]] aliyekuwa madarakani Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal na Mohamed Hashi, lakini Egal aliendelea kushikilia urais. Pia aligombea uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa wa 2002 kama mwenyekiti wa chama cha kisiasa ASAD kabla baadaye kujiunga na chama tawala cha UDUB baada ya ASAD kuvunjika. Mwaka 2004 alichaguliwa kuwa Spika wa Baraza la Wazee, chombo cha kutunga sheria chenye wanachama 82 wanaohudumu kwa vipindi vya miaka sita. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] t8hf8rymm0mc2rjgbmir7jnk59pxm1s 0 237732 1548601 2026-05-22T19:57:06Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Esmeralda Moreno | picha = Esmeralda_Moreno19..jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Esmeralda Moreno | jina_la_utani = La Joya | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|07|07}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Chimalhuacán, Jimbo la Mexico, Mexico | urefu = | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Nzi Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi Kidogo }} | jumla...' 1548601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Esmeralda Moreno | picha = Esmeralda_Moreno19..jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Esmeralda Moreno | jina_la_utani = La Joya | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|07|07}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Chimalhuacán, Jimbo la Mexico, Mexico | urefu = | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Nzi Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi Kidogo }} | jumla = 49 | ushindi = 35 | KO = 11 | kupoteza = 12 | sare = 2 | hakuna mashindano = }} '''Esmeralda Moreno''' (alizaliwa Julai 7, 1987) ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Meksiko]]. Yeye ni bingwa mara mbili wa taji la wanawake la Uzito wa nzi mwepesi(light flyweight) la WBC na bingwa mara moja wa taji la Uzito wa nzi wa juu (super flyweight) la IBO.<ref name="boxrec">{{cite web |url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/392942 |title=Esmeralda Moreno Professional Boxing Record |publisher=BoxRec |access-date=Mei 22, 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mzrf9iw1hq8eihqckpcccz16nuembbm 0 237733 1548603 2026-05-22T19:59:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid''), anayejulikana pia kama Soltelco, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alikuwa Meya wa Hargeisa, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa Somaliland, kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2021. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha kisiasa Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo (Kulmiye), ambacho ni chama tawala cha Somaliland. Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Meya Yusuf Warsame Saeed, Aidiid alichaguliwa kuwa me...' 1548603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid''), anayejulikana pia kama Soltelco, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alikuwa Meya wa Hargeisa, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa Somaliland, kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2021. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha kisiasa Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo (Kulmiye), ambacho ni chama tawala cha Somaliland. Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Meya Yusuf Warsame Saeed, Aidiid alichaguliwa kuwa meya mpya tarehe 14 Aprili 2013 na baraza la madiwani wa [[manispaa]] 24. Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi vijana zaidi kuwahi kushika wadhifa huo. Mwaka 2021, alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge baada ya uchaguzi wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Doorashada Somaliland: Shan arrimood oo ku saabsan Cabdikariim Mooge - Maayirka loo saadaalinayo Hargeysa|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-57487916|work=BBC News Somali|language=so|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Magaalada Hargeysa: Waayaha ku xeeran rejada 'Maayarnimo' ee Cabdikariin Axmed Mooge|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-57438122|work=BBC News Somali|language=so|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] np2nnkxtaybph1pah6f2wf669wbyjim 0 237734 1548606 2026-05-22T20:07:09Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sulayman Yusuf Ali Koore''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Yuusuf Cali Koore'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia na pia ni afisa wa zamani wa [[jeshi]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Habari na Mwongozo wa Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Mwaka 2017, Rais Muse Bihi Abdi alimteua kuwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Maji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Warfaafinta Somaliland Oo Kulan La Yeeshay Hogaanka Ururka Suxufiyiinta Ee SOLJA {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url...' 1548606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulayman Yusuf Ali Koore''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Yuusuf Cali Koore'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia na pia ni afisa wa zamani wa [[jeshi]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Habari na Mwongozo wa Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Mwaka 2017, Rais Muse Bihi Abdi alimteua kuwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Maji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Warfaafinta Somaliland Oo Kulan La Yeeshay Hogaanka Ururka Suxufiyiinta Ee SOLJA {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/01/22/wasiirka-warfaafinta-somaliland-oo-kulan-la-yeeshay-hogaanka-ururka-suxufiyiinta-ee-solja/|date=2020-01-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa [[Kilimo]] katika utawala wa Rais Egal, na alihudumu kwa takriban miaka kumi na mitatu kama [[mbunge]] wa Somaliland. Yeye ni wa ukoo wa Nuur Axmed, tawi la Dhulbahante. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 2xahlsll464pn45hcrp50n7b785asws 1548645 1548606 2026-05-22T21:25:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulayman Yusuf Ali Koore''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Yuusuf Cali Koore'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia na pia ni afisa wa zamani wa [[jeshi]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Habari na Mwongozo wa Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Mwaka 2017, Rais Muse Bihi Abdi alimteua kuwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Maji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasiirka Warfaafinta Somaliland Oo Kulan La Yeeshay Hogaanka Ururka Suxufiyiinta Ee SOLJA {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/01/22/wasiirka-warfaafinta-somaliland-oo-kulan-la-yeeshay-hogaanka-ururka-suxufiyiinta-ee-solja/|date=2020-01-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa [[Kilimo]] katika utawala wa Rais Egal, na alihudumu kwa takriban miaka kumi na mitatu kama [[mbunge]] wa Somaliland. Yeye ni wa ukoo wa Nuur Axmed, tawi la Dhulbahante. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 2vklxxmg8zyfp2iwtpxi0p7r7y2ffoe 0 237735 1548608 2026-05-22T20:11:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf''), anayejulikana pia kama Tiimbaro, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Maroodi Jeex tangu tarehe 25 Juni 2023. Hapo awali alihudumu kama: * Gavana wa Awdal (2020–2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Sanaag Governor Speaks about Security of the Region|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-sanaag-governor-speaks-about-security-...' 1548608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf''), anayejulikana pia kama Tiimbaro, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Maroodi Jeex tangu tarehe 25 Juni 2023. Hapo awali alihudumu kama: * Gavana wa Awdal (2020–2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Sanaag Governor Speaks about Security of the Region|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-sanaag-governor-speaks-about-security-of-the-region/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2018-09-14|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> * Gavana wa Sanaag (2018–2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Sanaag oo ka Hadlay Roob Duufaan iyo Dabeylo Wata oo Dumiyay Guryo Badan {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2019/12/09/gudoomiyaha-gobolka-sanaag-oo-ka-hadlay-roob-duufaan-iyo-dabeylo-wata-oo-dumiyay-guryo-badan/|date=2019-12-09|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali za ugavana katika mikoa tofauti ya Somaliland. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 3py2z4edk7pjzsnkgwsx78882hncdbd 1548612 1548608 2026-05-22T20:15:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf''), anayejulikana pia kama Tiimbaro, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa [[mkoa]] wa Maroodi Jeex tangu tarehe 25 Juni 2023. Hapo awali alihudumu kama: * Gavana wa Awdal (2020–2023)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: Sanaag Governor Speaks about Security of the Region|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-sanaag-governor-speaks-about-security-of-the-region/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2018-09-14|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> * Gavana wa Sanaag (2018–2020)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Sanaag oo ka Hadlay Roob Duufaan iyo Dabeylo Wata oo Dumiyay Guryo Badan {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2019/12/09/gudoomiyaha-gobolka-sanaag-oo-ka-hadlay-roob-duufaan-iyo-dabeylo-wata-oo-dumiyay-guryo-badan/|date=2019-12-09|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali za ugavana katika mikoa tofauti ya Somaliland. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 7aw6py0g5rd9xuleqrv0fgxf9rpahcd 0 237736 1548614 2026-05-22T20:16:31Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Nour Arale''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Nuur Carrale'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Somaliland kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2013.<nowiki>http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-</nowiki><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Somaliland Interior Minister Takes Office – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-office/|date=2013-06-29|accessdate=202...' 1548614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Nour Arale''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Nuur Carrale'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Somaliland kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2013.<nowiki>http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-</nowiki><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Somaliland Interior Minister Takes Office – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-office/|date=2013-06-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 07aila3u7m6e49uw9mvyuq4mx3h4efm 1549047 1548614 2026-05-23T11:58:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Nour Arale''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Nuur Carrale'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Somaliland kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2013.<nowiki>http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-</nowiki><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New Somaliland Interior Minister Takes Office – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/new-somaliland-interior-minister-takes-office/|date=2013-06-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] qr7ymk7he6m2e5nnbi3bsjv5smoubwm 0 237737 1548616 2026-05-22T20:20:25Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdikariim Adan Xaaji Diiriye''; alizaliwa 1975) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alihudumu kama: * Gavana wa Sool kuanzia Novemba 2021 hadi 12 Januari 2025<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Bihi Sacks regional governors|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/president-bihi-sacks-regional-governors/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2020-06-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> * Gavana wa Gebiley k...' 1548616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdikariim Adan Xaaji Diiriye''; alizaliwa 1975) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Alihudumu kama: * Gavana wa Sool kuanzia Novemba 2021 hadi 12 Januari 2025<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Bihi Sacks regional governors|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/president-bihi-sacks-regional-governors/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2020-06-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> * Gavana wa Gebiley kuanzia 29 Juni 2020 hadi 2 Novemba 2021 == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa Maydh, [[mji]] wa kihistoria wa pwani katika mkoa wa Sanaag. Anatoka katika ukoo wa Isaaq, tawi la Habar Yoonis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoehne |first=Markus V. |date=2023-01-01 |title=The Conflict over Lasanod: Longterm and Immediate Factors, and Prospects for Settlement |url=https://www.academia.edu/103073678/The_Conflict_over_Lasanod_Longterm_and_Immediate_Factors_and_Prospects_for_Settlement |journal=RAAD Policy Report}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] e3aaag7tdxkg036nxbiaihtjpw0cuur 0 237738 1548620 2026-05-22T20:34:53Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Mohamed Dirie''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Maxamed Diiriye''), anayejulikana pia kama Toorno, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa [[Elimu]] na Sayansi wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2019 hadi Novemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Restructuring of Departments in the Ministry of Education and Science|url=https://somalilandchronicle.com/2020/02/27/major-restructuring-of-departments-in-the-ministry-of-education-and-science/|work=Som...' 1548620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Mohamed Dirie''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Maxamed Diiriye''), anayejulikana pia kama Toorno, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa [[Elimu]] na Sayansi wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2019 hadi Novemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Restructuring of Departments in the Ministry of Education and Science|url=https://somalilandchronicle.com/2020/02/27/major-restructuring-of-departments-in-the-ministry-of-education-and-science/|work=Somaliland Chronicle|date=2020-02-27|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=Staff}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2023, baada ya kujiuzulu kwa baadhi ya mawaziri wa baraza la mawaziri, aliteuliwa na [[Rais]] Muse Bihi Abdi kuwa Wazkiri wa Mipango, ambapo alihudumu hadi mwisho wa [[utawala]] huo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland requests direct international aid to bypass Somali government - Somaliland Reporter|url=https://somalilandreporter.com/2024/04/24/somaliland-requests-direct-international-aid-to-bypass-somali-government/|date=2024-04-24|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 3r7tzgavqjq80kemn3g2iarfmw9t26m 0 237739 1548621 2026-05-22T20:40:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jama Mohamoud Egal''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Maxamuud Cigaal'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Nishati na [[Madini]] wa Somaliland. Anatoka katika [[ukoo]] mdogo wa Sanbuur wa Habr Je'lo Isaaq.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland Positive of Joining oil Producing Nations|date=2018-10-22|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-positive-of-joining-oil-producing-nations/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|ac...' 1548621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jama Mohamoud Egal''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Maxamuud Cigaal'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Nishati na [[Madini]] wa Somaliland. Anatoka katika [[ukoo]] mdogo wa Sanbuur wa Habr Je'lo Isaaq.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland Positive of Joining oil Producing Nations|date=2018-10-22|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-positive-of-joining-oil-producing-nations/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland Energy Minister meets with South African Politicians and Businessmen – Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Macdanta|url=https://moem-sl.com/somaliland-energy-minister-meets-with-south-african-politicians-and-businessmen/|date=2020-02-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 77oede5fuxvn1aswmgoszkud1oy0hdc 1548916 1548621 2026-05-23T09:46:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jama Mohamoud Egal''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Maxamuud Cigaal'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Nishati na [[Madini]] wa Somaliland. Anatoka katika [[ukoo]] mdogo wa Sanbuur wa Habr Je'lo Isaaq.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland Positive of Joining oil Producing Nations|date=2018-10-22|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-positive-of-joining-oil-producing-nations/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland Energy Minister meets with South African Politicians and Businessmen – Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Macdanta|url=https://moem-sl.com/somaliland-energy-minister-meets-with-south-african-politicians-and-businessmen/|date=2020-02-13|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] g5vmgtdghhlvi3dl1vaouep60np4dt5 0 237740 1548625 2026-05-22T20:45:41Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Osman Hassan Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Cismaan Xasan Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Sanaag wa Somaliland tangu Juni 2020. Alichukua nafasi ya Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf.<ref>{{Citation|last=Horn Cable Tv|title=Gudoomiyaha Cusub ee Sanaag oo Beeniyay Inuu Diiday Inuu Tago Gobolkaasi.|date=2020-07-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-66nnxTv_M|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo...' 1548625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Osman Hassan Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Cismaan Xasan Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Sanaag wa Somaliland tangu Juni 2020. Alichukua nafasi ya Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf.<ref>{{Citation|last=Horn Cable Tv|title=Gudoomiyaha Cusub ee Sanaag oo Beeniyay Inuu Diiday Inuu Tago Gobolkaasi.|date=2020-07-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-66nnxTv_M|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] ghrarvw63lx1dghifpp3ta8dildk67c 0 237741 1548627 2026-05-22T20:49:34Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Hashi Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Fedha]] wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Machi 2012. Pia alikuwa Meya wa Hargeisa kuanzia 1993 hadi 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maxamed Xaashi Oo Isku Xidhay Xil Ka Qaadistiisa Iyo Dhac-dhacii Uu Wasiirrada Ka Jaray – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/maxamed-xaashi-oo-isku-xidhay-xil-ka-qaadistiisa-iyo-dhac-dhacii-uu-w...' 1548627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hashi Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Fedha]] wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Machi 2012. Pia alikuwa Meya wa Hargeisa kuanzia 1993 hadi 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maxamed Xaashi Oo Isku Xidhay Xil Ka Qaadistiisa Iyo Dhac-dhacii Uu Wasiirrada Ka Jaray – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/maxamed-xaashi-oo-isku-xidhay-xil-ka-qaadistiisa-iyo-dhac-dhacii-uu-wasiirrada-ka-jaray/|date=2012-03-26|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirkii Hore ee Maaliyadda Somaliland oo sheegay in 61% Dhaqaalaha loo Adeegsado Sifo aan Sharci ahayn – Goobjoog|url=https://goobjoog.com/2016/08/18/wasiirkii-hore-ee-maaliyadda-somaliland-oo-sheegay-61-dhaqaalaha-loo-adeegsado-sifo-aan-sharci-ahayn/|work=goobjoog.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] q2tg6xg68cmwv212hqbh2xo5pl2ls14 1549044 1548627 2026-05-23T11:58:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hashi Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Fedha]] wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Machi 2012. Pia alikuwa Meya wa Hargeisa kuanzia 1993 hadi 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maxamed Xaashi Oo Isku Xidhay Xil Ka Qaadistiisa Iyo Dhac-dhacii Uu Wasiirrada Ka Jaray – qurbejoog|url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/maxamed-xaashi-oo-isku-xidhay-xil-ka-qaadistiisa-iyo-dhac-dhacii-uu-wasiirrada-ka-jaray/|date=2012-03-26|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasiirkii Hore ee Maaliyadda Somaliland oo sheegay in 61% Dhaqaalaha loo Adeegsado Sifo aan Sharci ahayn – Goobjoog|url=https://goobjoog.com/2016/08/18/wasiirkii-hore-ee-maaliyadda-somaliland-oo-sheegay-61-dhaqaalaha-loo-adeegsado-sifo-aan-sharci-ahayn/|work=goobjoog.com|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] n2db8g0cph3j4ct925nbdyh3q1je3bk 0 237742 1548631 2026-05-22T20:54:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Mohamoud Farah''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Maxamuud Faarax'') alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na afisa wa kijeshi wa [[Somalia]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa Makamu wa [[Rais wa Marekani|Rais]] wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Somalia kuanzia Januari 1990 hadi Januari 1991. Pia aliwahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini, zikiwemo: * [[Waziri]] wa Viwanda na Biashara (1970–1971) * Waziri wa Posta na Mawasiliano (1971–1974) * Waziri wa Madini na Viwanda (1982–1987)...' 1548631 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Mohamoud Farah''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Maxamuud Faarax'') alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na afisa wa kijeshi wa [[Somalia]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa Makamu wa [[Rais wa Marekani|Rais]] wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Somalia kuanzia Januari 1990 hadi Januari 1991. Pia aliwahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini, zikiwemo: * [[Waziri]] wa Viwanda na Biashara (1970–1971) * Waziri wa Posta na Mawasiliano (1971–1974) * Waziri wa Madini na Viwanda (1982–1987) * Waziri wa Viwanda (1989–1990) Aidha, alikuwa mwanachama mwandamizi wa Supreme Revolutionary Council<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/con00170.pdf|work=www.ifes.org|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref> na alikuwa na cheo cha Kanali katika [[jeshi]].<ref>{{Citation|last=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|title=Refworld {{!}} Somalia: Information on the political career of Faduma Ahmed "Alim", including whether she was a member of parliament from 1979-1990 and served as deputy minister of education, and if so, whether she was elected or appointed or ever removed from the position, and if so, for what reasons, whether she was married to Ahmed Mohamoud Farah, who held several ministerial posts in the Barre government between 1970 and 1990, and if so, on his whereabouts today|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aac378.html|work=Refworld|language=en|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Anatoka katika tawi la Adam Isa la ukoo mdogo wa Isamusa wa Isaaq. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 4d0ew2ic1c2e5ukdyj8xavcg5d0hhwn 0 237743 1548633 2026-05-22T20:59:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bashe Mohamed Farah''' (Kisomali: ''Baashe Maxamed Faarax'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Spika]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bashe Mohamed Farah elected Speaker of Somaliland's House of Representatives - The National|url=http://www.thenational-somaliland.com/2017/08/06/bashe-mohamed-farah-elected-speaker-somalilands-house-representatives/|work=www.thenational-somaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-2...' 1548633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bashe Mohamed Farah''' (Kisomali: ''Baashe Maxamed Faarax'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Spika]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bashe Mohamed Farah elected Speaker of Somaliland's House of Representatives - The National|url=http://www.thenational-somaliland.com/2017/08/06/bashe-mohamed-farah-elected-speaker-somalilands-house-representatives/|work=www.thenational-somaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Bashe Mohamed Farah alianza [[kazi]] yake ya kisiasa mwaka 2005, alipokuwa akichaguliwa kuingia katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Somaliland kama mwakilishi wa mkoa wa Sool. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Spika mwaka 2012, na alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo hadi mwaka [[2017]] alipoteuliwa kuwa Spika wa Baraza hilo baada ya kujiuzulu kwa mtangulizi wake, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] j79hea3rsc83jmnl1j9fcrizh5za0kb 0 237744 1548635 2026-05-22T21:04:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khadra Haji Ismail Geid''' (Kisomali: ''Khadra Xaaji Ismaaciil Geydh'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Mwaka 2011, alikua Meya wa [[mji]] wa Gabiley na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya katika Somaliland. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB}}</ref>Kwa sasa ni Naibu Meya wa Gabiley. == Kaz...' 1548635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khadra Haji Ismail Geid''' (Kisomali: ''Khadra Xaaji Ismaaciil Geydh'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Mwaka 2011, alikua Meya wa [[mji]] wa Gabiley na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya katika Somaliland. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB}}</ref>Kwa sasa ni Naibu Meya wa Gabiley. == Kazi == Geid alijiunga na chama tawala cha Amani, Umoja, and Maendeleo (Kulmiye) mwaka 2002. Mnamo Mei 2011, aliidhinishwa na [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani kuwa Meya wa Wilaya ya Gabiley. Alikuwa meya wa saba wa wilaya hiyo tangu mwaka 1991 na mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo katika Somaliland. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kuwa meya, alihudumu miaka minne kama diwani wa halmashauri na miaka sita kama Naibu Meya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khadra Gaydh: The first” Madam Mayor” in Somaliland|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2011/Sept/20486/khadra_gaydh_the_first_madam_mayor_in_somaliland.aspx|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 13 Machi 2012, aliondolewa madarakani kupitia [[kura]] ya kutokuwa na imani katika baraza la mji wa Gabiley, na baadaye akachaguliwa tena kuwa Naibu Meya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] j4ov6n6lkefflotxah5591530xgybmd 1548971 1548635 2026-05-23T10:17:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khadra Haji Ismail Geid''' (Kisomali: ''Khadra Xaaji Ismaaciil Geydh'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Mwaka 2011, alikua Meya wa [[mji]] wa Gabiley na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya katika Somaliland. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB}}</ref>Kwa sasa ni Naibu Meya wa Gabiley. == Kazi == Geid alijiunga na chama tawala cha Amani, Umoja, and Maendeleo (Kulmiye) mwaka 2002. Mnamo Mei 2011, aliidhinishwa na [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani kuwa Meya wa Wilaya ya Gabiley. Alikuwa meya wa saba wa wilaya hiyo tangu mwaka 1991 na mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo katika Somaliland. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kuwa meya, alihudumu miaka minne kama diwani wa halmashauri na miaka sita kama Naibu Meya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Khadra Gaydh: The first” Madam Mayor” in Somaliland|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2011/Sept/20486/khadra_gaydh_the_first_madam_mayor_in_somaliland.aspx|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 13 Machi 2012, aliondolewa madarakani kupitia [[kura]] ya kutokuwa na imani katika baraza la mji wa Gabiley, na baadaye akachaguliwa tena kuwa Naibu Meya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] hcz5j8blogurzkltaaehdfuxm4n4ktx 0 237745 1548637 2026-05-22T21:08:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Suleiman Hassan Haddi''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Borama, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland, kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Borama Council elects new Mayor-Somaliland|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/borama-council-elects-new-mayor-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2018-09-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</r...' 1548637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Hassan Haddi''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Borama, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland, kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Borama Council elects new Mayor-Somaliland|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/borama-council-elects-new-mayor-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2018-09-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Borama mayor accused of discrimination by a worker – Somali Dispatch|url=https://www.somalidispatch.com/featured/borama-mayor-accused-of-discrimination-by-a-worker/|date=2020-02-09|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] nf43f5o4gc16fbcpnfg5q103nkv8hed 1548646 1548637 2026-05-22T21:26:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Hassan Haddi''' (Kisomali: ''Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Borama, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland, kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Borama Council elects new Mayor-Somaliland|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/borama-council-elects-new-mayor-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2018-09-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Borama mayor accused of discrimination by a worker – Somali Dispatch|url=https://www.somalidispatch.com/featured/borama-mayor-accused-of-discrimination-by-a-worker/|date=2020-02-09|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 62g8ax2zizm4fsf966zobi6gm0hsqd8 0 237746 1548638 2026-05-22T21:12:25Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hassan Mohammed Ali Gafadhi''' (Kisomali: ''Xasan Maxamed Cali Gaafaadhi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mipango na [[Maendeleo]] ya Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mifugo na [[Uvuvi]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland, EU launch Berbera Urban Development Project|date=2020-01-31|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-eu-launch-berbera-urban-development-project/|wo...' 1548638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Mohammed Ali Gafadhi''' (Kisomali: ''Xasan Maxamed Cali Gaafaadhi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mipango na [[Maendeleo]] ya Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mifugo na [[Uvuvi]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland, EU launch Berbera Urban Development Project|date=2020-01-31|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-eu-launch-berbera-urban-development-project/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland:Minister of Livestock, Fishery and Marine Resources Tours Coastal Plains of Somaliland|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandminister-of-livestock-fishery-and-marine-resources-tours-coastal-plains-of-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-07-03|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] g1uis190shc8zm7irtg2cekzrnr6gcy 1548899 1548638 2026-05-23T09:26:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Mohammed Ali Gafadhi''' (Kisomali: ''Xasan Maxamed Cali Gaafaadhi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mipango na [[Maendeleo]] ya Kitaifa wa Somaliland. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mifugo na [[Uvuvi]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland, EU launch Berbera Urban Development Project|date=2020-01-31|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-eu-launch-berbera-urban-development-project/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland:Minister of Livestock, Fishery and Marine Resources Tours Coastal Plains of Somaliland|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandminister-of-livestock-fishery-and-marine-resources-tours-coastal-plains-of-somaliland/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-07-03|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] czpnjsoihpq91bbrnl0zr5nh22eqv1r 0 237747 1548641 2026-05-22T21:16:34Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdiaziz Hussein Hassan''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdicasiis Xuseen Xasan''), anayejulikana pia kama Taarwale, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Las Anod, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Sool katika Somaliland, kuanzia 16 Januari 2017 hadi 20 Juni 2021. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] au mabadiliko ya [[uongozi]], alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdirahim Ali Ismail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maayarka Laascaanood Oo Dhiirigaliyay Mutadawaciin ka howlgalay...' 1548641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdiaziz Hussein Hassan''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdicasiis Xuseen Xasan''), anayejulikana pia kama Taarwale, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Las Anod, [[mji]] mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Sool katika Somaliland, kuanzia 16 Januari 2017 hadi 20 Juni 2021. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] au mabadiliko ya [[uongozi]], alichukuliwa nafasi na Abdirahim Ali Ismail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maayarka Laascaanood Oo Dhiirigaliyay Mutadawaciin ka howlgalay Nadaafada Magaalada {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/02/29/maayarka-laascaanood-oo-dhiirigaliyay-mutadawaciin-ka-howlgalay-nadaafada-magaalada/|date=2020-02-29|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Xisbiyada Mucaaridka oo ku guulaystey Gudoomiyaha iyo ku xigeenka degmada Laascaanood|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2021/Jun/wararka_maanta20-177925.htm|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] li5kveuqz72tmyrjnfjlbkaiektxpbr 0 237748 1548644 2026-05-22T21:24:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmed Osman Hassan''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Cismaan Xasan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Sahil wa Somaliland tangu [[Aprili]] 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland:Minister of Transport holds meeting with Sahil governor and Berbera mayor {{!}} Somaliland Current|date=2020-01-30|url=https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/2020/01/30/somalilandminister-of-transport-holds-meeting-with-sahil-governor-and-berbera-...' 1548644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Osman Hassan''' (Kisomali: ''Axmed Cismaan Xasan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Sahil wa Somaliland tangu [[Aprili]] 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland:Minister of Transport holds meeting with Sahil governor and Berbera mayor {{!}} Somaliland Current|date=2020-01-30|url=https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/2020/01/30/somalilandminister-of-transport-holds-meeting-with-sahil-governor-and-berbera-mayor/|work=Somaliland Current|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Badhasaabka Saaxil oo Sheegay in la soo Qabtay Dad Dhibaato u Gaystay Shaqaale Ajaanib ah {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2019/11/02/badhasaabka-saaxil-oo-sheegay-in-la-soo-qabtay-dad-dhibaato-u-gaystay-shaqaale-ajaanib-ah/|date=2019-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] tori6s43ypz73xs0ixcjl90h5gv5szg 0 237749 1548648 2026-05-22T21:29:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Farxaan Aadan Haybe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Mwenyekiti]] wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Umma ya Somaliland, aliteuliwa Machi 2019. Hapo awali, aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Anga wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somalia: Somaliland President Makes Major Cabinet Changes|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201904010312.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} ...' 1548648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farxaan Aadan Haybe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Mwenyekiti]] wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Umma ya Somaliland, aliteuliwa Machi 2019. Hapo awali, aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Anga wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somalia: Somaliland President Makes Major Cabinet Changes|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201904010312.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Somalia]] obsakzq5stq0ssf45v16zoshm8y3bt5 0 237750 1548668 2026-05-23T00:05:31Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Signorelli''' (Roma, 17 Novemba 1908 – Roma, 9 Julai 1992) alikuwa bingwa wa vikaragosi wa [[Italia]] anayejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa vikaragosi pamoja na utengenezaji wa mandhari za maonesho na mavazi ya maigizo, na pia kwa mkusanyiko wake muhimu wa vikaragosi. == Wasifu == Maria Signorelli alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu waliozaliwa na Angelo Signorelli (1876–1952), daktari bingwa wa radiolojia na mkusanyaji wa sanaa, pamoja na O...' 1548668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Signorelli''' (Roma, 17 Novemba 1908 – Roma, 9 Julai 1992) alikuwa bingwa wa vikaragosi wa [[Italia]] anayejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa vikaragosi pamoja na utengenezaji wa mandhari za maonesho na mavazi ya maigizo, na pia kwa mkusanyiko wake muhimu wa vikaragosi. == Wasifu == Maria Signorelli alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu waliozaliwa na Angelo Signorelli (1876–1952), daktari bingwa wa radiolojia na mkusanyaji wa sanaa, pamoja na Olga Resnevič (1883–1973), daktari na mwandishi kutoka Latvia, mfasiri wa kazi za Fyodor Dostoevsky na mwandishi wa wasifu wa kwanza kuhusu mwigizaji wa Italia Eleonora Duse.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=[https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria](https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria) Signorelli|date=2016-05-06|website=World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli, la vita|website=[www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16)}}</ref> Alivutiwa na sanaa tangu akiwa mdogo kutokana na mazingira ya familia yake yaliyohusisha sanaa, fasihi na tamaduni. Baadaye alijikita katika sanaa ya vikaragosi na kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya sanaa hiyo nchini Italia katika karne ya 20. Alitengeneza vikaragosi vingi vya kipekee vilivyotumika katika maonesho ya watoto na watu wazima, huku pia akibuni mandhari na mavazi ya maigizo mbalimbali. Mbali na kazi yake ya ubunifu, Signorelli alikusanya vikaragosi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Mkusanyiko wake ulijumuisha mamia ya vikaragosi vya kihistoria na vya kitamaduni, na baadaye ukawa msingi wa kumbukumbu muhimu ya sanaa ya vikaragosi nchini Italia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Maria Signorelli pia alishirikiana na waandishi, wasanii na taasisi mbalimbali za maigizo na utamaduni, na mchango wake umeendelea kutambuliwa katika historia ya sanaa ya vikaragosi duniani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1908|1992}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] 0anv49y9i9qc2xwkthys8o5audj2yqx 1549011 1548668 2026-05-23T11:25:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1549011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Signorelli''' (Roma, 17 Novemba 1908 – Roma, 9 Julai 1992) alikuwa bingwa wa vikaragosi wa [[Italia]] anayejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa vikaragosi pamoja na utengenezaji wa mandhari za maonesho na mavazi ya maigizo, na pia kwa mkusanyiko wake muhimu wa vikaragosi. == Wasifu == Maria Signorelli alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu waliozaliwa na Angelo Signorelli (1876–1952), daktari bingwa wa radiolojia na mkusanyaji wa sanaa, pamoja na Olga Resnevič (1883–1973), daktari na mwandishi kutoka Latvia, mfasiri wa kazi za Fyodor Dostoevsky na mwandishi wa wasifu wa kwanza kuhusu mwigizaji wa Italia Eleonora Duse.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria](https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria) Signorelli|date=2016-05-06|website=World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli, la vita|website=[www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16)}}</ref> Alivutiwa na sanaa tangu akiwa mdogo kutokana na mazingira ya familia yake yaliyohusisha sanaa, fasihi na tamaduni. Baadaye alijikita katika sanaa ya vikaragosi na kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya sanaa hiyo nchini Italia katika karne ya 20. Alitengeneza vikaragosi vingi vya kipekee vilivyotumika katika maonesho ya watoto na watu wazima, huku pia akibuni mandhari na mavazi ya maigizo mbalimbali. Mbali na kazi yake ya ubunifu, Signorelli alikusanya vikaragosi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Mkusanyiko wake ulijumuisha mamia ya vikaragosi vya kihistoria na vya kitamaduni, na baadaye ukawa msingi wa kumbukumbu muhimu ya sanaa ya vikaragosi nchini Italia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Maria Signorelli pia alishirikiana na waandishi, wasanii na taasisi mbalimbali za maigizo na utamaduni, na mchango wake umeendelea kutambuliwa katika historia ya sanaa ya vikaragosi duniani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1908|1992}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] fswrjbel7huoc3qo40kcb10nbl2uzvg 1549012 1549011 2026-05-23T11:28:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Signorelli''' ([[Roma]], 17 Novemba 1908 – Roma, 9 Julai 1992) alikuwa bingwa wa vikaragosi wa [[Italia]] anayejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa vikaragosi pamoja na utengenezaji wa mandhari za maonesho na mavazi ya maigizo, na pia kwa mkusanyiko wake muhimu wa vikaragosi. == Wasifu == Maria Signorelli alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya mabinti watatu waliozaliwa na Angelo Signorelli (1876–1952), daktari bingwa wa radiolojia na mkusanyaji wa sanaa, pamoja na Olga Resnevič (1883–1973), daktari na mwandishi kutoka Latvia, mfasiri wa kazi za Fyodor Dostoevsky na mwandishi wa wasifu wa kwanza kuhusu mwigizaji wa Italia Eleonora Duse.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria](https://wepa.unima.org/en/maria-signorelli/|title=Maria) Signorelli|date=2016-05-06|website=World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it/la_vita_di_maria_signorelli.htm|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli, la vita|website=[www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|access-date=2020-04-16)}}</ref> Alivutiwa na sanaa tangu akiwa mdogo kutokana na mazingira ya familia yake yaliyohusisha sanaa, fasihi na tamaduni. Baadaye alijikita katika sanaa ya vikaragosi na kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika maendeleo ya sanaa hiyo nchini Italia katika karne ya 20. Alitengeneza vikaragosi vingi vya kipekee vilivyotumika katika maonesho ya watoto na watu wazima, huku pia akibuni mandhari na mavazi ya maigizo mbalimbali. Mbali na kazi yake ya ubunifu, Signorelli alikusanya vikaragosi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Mkusanyiko wake ulijumuisha mamia ya vikaragosi vya kihistoria na vya kitamaduni, na baadaye ukawa msingi wa kumbukumbu muhimu ya sanaa ya vikaragosi nchini Italia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione](http://www.collezionemariasignorelli.it|title=Collezione) Maria Signorelli|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Maria Signorelli pia alishirikiana na waandishi, wasanii na taasisi mbalimbali za maigizo na utamaduni, na mchango wake umeendelea kutambuliwa katika historia ya sanaa ya vikaragosi duniani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1908|1992}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] mhmqkqnkddxhrlxihyvcbvx6o4si7f8 0 237751 1548671 2026-05-23T00:13:21Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Geneviève, comtesse Hubert de Chambure Thibault''' (20 Juni 1902, [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] – 31 Agosti 1975, [[Strasbourg]]) alikuwa mwanamuzikolojia wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyehusishwa na kufufua upya hamasa ya muziki wa kale.<ref>[[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/musdico/Thibault/170366](http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/musdico/Thibault/170366) Larousse]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|1975}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]]' 1548671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geneviève, comtesse Hubert de Chambure Thibault''' (20 Juni 1902, [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] – 31 Agosti 1975, [[Strasbourg]]) alikuwa mwanamuzikolojia wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyehusishwa na kufufua upya hamasa ya muziki wa kale.<ref>[[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/musdico/Thibault/170366](http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/musdico/Thibault/170366) Larousse]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|1975}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 0x1xrpjmw4op6csgp4ojf7znpakxh3g 0 237752 1548673 2026-05-23T00:16:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maggie Thompson''' (alizaliwa '''Margaret Curtis'''; 29 Novemba 1942)<ref>''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' #1636 (Desemba 2007); Ukurasa 135</ref> ni mhariri wa muda mrefu wa [[Marekani]] wa jarida la habari za tasnia ya vitabu vya katuni lililokuwa likijulikana kama ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', ambalo sasa limefungwa. Pia ni shabiki wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuniwa (science fiction fandom) na mkusanyaji wa vitabu vya katuni. == Maisha na kazi == Maggie Thomp...' 1548673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggie Thompson''' (alizaliwa '''Margaret Curtis'''; 29 Novemba 1942)<ref>''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' #1636 (Desemba 2007); Ukurasa 135</ref> ni mhariri wa muda mrefu wa [[Marekani]] wa jarida la habari za tasnia ya vitabu vya katuni lililokuwa likijulikana kama ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', ambalo sasa limefungwa. Pia ni shabiki wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuniwa (science fiction fandom) na mkusanyaji wa vitabu vya katuni. == Maisha na kazi == Maggie Thompson alijulikana sana katika ulimwengu wa vitabu vya katuni kwa mchango wake wa muda mrefu katika uandishi, uhariri na ukusanyaji wa katuni. Alifanya kazi katika jarida la ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', ambalo lilikuwa mojawapo ya machapisho muhimu zaidi kuhusu habari, hakiki na ukusanyaji wa vitabu vya katuni nchini Marekani. Pamoja na mume wake Don Thompson, alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliokuwa mstari wa mbele katika jamii ya mashabiki wa science fiction na katuni kuanzia miaka ya 1960. Wawili hao waliandika makala mbalimbali kuhusu historia ya katuni, wachoraji na utamaduni wa mashabiki wa katuni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maggie Thompson |url=[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thompson_maggie.htm](https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thompson_maggie.htm) |website=Lambiek Comiclopedia |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Thompson pia alijulikana kama mkusanyaji mkubwa wa vitabu vya katuni na mshiriki wa matukio mengi ya mashabiki wa katuni na science fiction. Amechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kuhifadhi historia ya katuni za Marekani kupitia maandiko yake, mahojiano na ushiriki wake katika machapisho ya tasnia hiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comics Buyer's Guide |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide) |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] t0iouw6xtxg56ny3mjsh7o6mn8fwph9 1549005 1548673 2026-05-23T11:16:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggie Thompson''' (alizaliwa '''Margaret Curtis'''; 29 Novemba 1942)<ref>''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' #1636 (Desemba 2007); Ukurasa 135</ref> ni mhariri wa muda mrefu wa [[Marekani]] wa jarida la habari za tasnia ya vitabu vya katuni lililokuwa likijulikana kama ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', ambalo sasa limefungwa. Pia ni shabiki wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuniwa (science fiction fandom) na mkusanyaji wa vitabu vya katuni. == Maisha na kazi == Maggie Thompson alijulikana sana katika ulimwengu wa vitabu vya katuni kwa mchango wake wa muda mrefu katika uandishi, uhariri na ukusanyaji wa katuni. Alifanya kazi katika jarida la ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', ambalo lilikuwa mojawapo ya machapisho muhimu zaidi kuhusu habari, hakiki na ukusanyaji wa vitabu vya katuni nchini Marekani. Pamoja na mume wake Don Thompson, alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliokuwa mstari wa mbele katika jamii ya mashabiki wa science fiction na katuni kuanzia miaka ya 1960. Wawili hao waliandika makala mbalimbali kuhusu historia ya katuni, wachoraji na utamaduni wa mashabiki wa katuni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Maggie Thompson |url=[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thompson_maggie.htm](https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thompson_maggie.htm) |website=Lambiek Comiclopedia |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Thompson pia alijulikana kama mkusanyaji mkubwa wa vitabu vya katuni na mshiriki wa matukio mengi ya mashabiki wa katuni na science fiction. Amechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kuhifadhi historia ya katuni za Marekani kupitia maandiko yake, mahojiano na ushiriki wake katika machapisho ya tasnia hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Comics Buyer's Guide |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide) |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] q8ab27ovc1wmh9bkqdegr82idwngckw 0 237753 1548675 2026-05-23T00:21:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lana Turner''' (alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1950) ni mshauri wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji kutoka Harlem. Anatambulika kwa mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani (vintage clothing) unaojumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500. Turner ameonekana katika kazi mbalimbali za wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo. == Kazi == Turner aliwahi kufanya kazi katika sekta za biashara ya nyumba na sanaa. Mavazi yake ya kila siku kazini yalielezwa kuwa ya...' 1548675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lana Turner''' (alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1950) ni mshauri wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji kutoka Harlem. Anatambulika kwa mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani (vintage clothing) unaojumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500. Turner ameonekana katika kazi mbalimbali za wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo. == Kazi == Turner aliwahi kufanya kazi katika sekta za biashara ya nyumba na sanaa. Mavazi yake ya kila siku kazini yalielezwa kuwa ya “mapambo mengi” na karibu kila mara yalihusisha toque (aina ya kofia).<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|last=Syme|first=Rachel|title=The Sunday Styles of Lana Turner, a Harlem Fashion Icon|url=[https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The](https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The) New Yorker|date=11 March 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani unajumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bobb|first=Brooke|title=For Harlem Fashion Icon Lana Turner, Dressing Up for Sunday Service Means Vintage Yves Saint Laurent|url=[https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16](https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16) February 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mitindo yake imekuwa kivutio kwa wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo.<ref name=":1" /> Turner alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliompa msukumo mpiga picha wa mitaani Bill Cunningham. Mwaka 2015, msanii Dario Calmese alimjumuisha Turner pamoja na mkusanyiko wake katika maonesho maalumu yaliyofanyika katika Projects+Gallery huko St. Louis.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside the Legendary Wardrobe of Harlem Style Icon Lana Turner|url=[https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W](https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W) Magazine {{!}} Women's Fashion & Celebrity News|date=19 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] qqx5kd42wd5j1vjqygvbni5fcohvv23 1548991 1548675 2026-05-23T11:00:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lana Turner''' (alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1950) ni mshauri wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji kutoka Harlem. Anatambulika kwa mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani (vintage clothing) unaojumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500. Turner ameonekana katika kazi mbalimbali za wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo. == Kazi == Turner aliwahi kufanya kazi katika sekta za biashara ya nyumba na sanaa. Mavazi yake ya kila siku kazini yalielezwa kuwa ya “mapambo mengi” na karibu kila mara yalihusisha toque (aina ya kofia).<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|last=Syme|first=Rachel|title=The Sunday Styles of Lana Turner, a Harlem Fashion Icon|url=[https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The](https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The) New Yorker|date=11 March 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani unajumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Bobb|first=Brooke|title=For Harlem Fashion Icon Lana Turner, Dressing Up for Sunday Service Means Vintage Yves Saint Laurent|url=[https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16](https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16) February 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mitindo yake imekuwa kivutio kwa wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo.<ref name=":1" /> Turner alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliompa msukumo mpiga picha wa mitaani Bill Cunningham. Mwaka 2015, msanii Dario Calmese alimjumuisha Turner pamoja na mkusanyiko wake katika maonesho maalumu yaliyofanyika katika Projects+Gallery huko St. Louis.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Inside the Legendary Wardrobe of Harlem Style Icon Lana Turner|url=[https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W](https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W) Magazine {{!}} Women's Fashion & Celebrity News|date=19 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] fz1kqtmw9l1f1ova872lr7tgss1ahg6 1549014 1548991 2026-05-23T11:29:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Lana Turner (Mwanamitindo)]] hadi [[Lana Turner (mwanamitindo)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lana Turner''' (alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1950) ni mshauri wa mitindo wa [[Marekani]] na mkusanyaji kutoka Harlem. Anatambulika kwa mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani (vintage clothing) unaojumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500. Turner ameonekana katika kazi mbalimbali za wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo. == Kazi == Turner aliwahi kufanya kazi katika sekta za biashara ya nyumba na sanaa. Mavazi yake ya kila siku kazini yalielezwa kuwa ya “mapambo mengi” na karibu kila mara yalihusisha toque (aina ya kofia).<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|last=Syme|first=Rachel|title=The Sunday Styles of Lana Turner, a Harlem Fashion Icon|url=[https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The](https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-sunday-styles-of-lana-turner-a-harlem-fashion-icon|access-date=2020-07-15|magazine=The) New Yorker|date=11 March 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake wa mavazi ya zamani unajumuisha zaidi ya kofia 500.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Bobb|first=Brooke|title=For Harlem Fashion Icon Lana Turner, Dressing Up for Sunday Service Means Vintage Yves Saint Laurent|url=[https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16](https://www.vogue.com/article/dario-calmese-lana-turner-vintage-amongst-friends|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vogue|date=16) February 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> Mitindo yake imekuwa kivutio kwa wapiga picha, wanablogu na wahariri wa masuala ya mitindo.<ref name=":1" /> Turner alikuwa mmoja wa watu waliompa msukumo mpiga picha wa mitaani Bill Cunningham. Mwaka 2015, msanii Dario Calmese alimjumuisha Turner pamoja na mkusanyiko wake katika maonesho maalumu yaliyofanyika katika Projects+Gallery huko St. Louis.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Inside the Legendary Wardrobe of Harlem Style Icon Lana Turner|url=[https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W](https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lana-turner-harlem-church/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=W) Magazine {{!}} Women's Fashion & Celebrity News|date=19 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] fz1kqtmw9l1f1ova872lr7tgss1ahg6 0 237754 1548677 2026-05-23T00:24:51Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Philippine Espenschied Von Overstolz''' (1 Mei 1847 – 6 Septemba 1925) alikuwa mwanamuziki, mwanaisimu na msanii. == Maisha ya awali == Philippine Espenschied Von Overstolz<ref>{{cite book|title=The National Magazine: A Monthly Journal of American History, Volume 10|publisher=Magazine of Western History Publishing Company|date=1889|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GhRAAQAAMAAJ|access-date=2](https://books.google.com/books?id=GhRAAQAAMAAJ|access...' 1548677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippine Espenschied Von Overstolz''' (1 Mei 1847 – 6 Septemba 1925) alikuwa mwanamuziki, mwanaisimu na msanii. == Maisha ya awali == Philippine Espenschied Von Overstolz<ref>{{cite book|title=The National Magazine: A Monthly Journal of American History, Volume 10|publisher=Magazine of Western History Publishing Company|date=1889|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GhRAAQAAMAAJ|access-date=2](https://books.google.com/books?id=GhRAAQAAMAAJ|access-date=2) October 2017}}</ref> alizaliwa tarehe 1 Mei 1847 huko [[St. Louis, Missouri]], akiwa binti wa Louis Espenschied (1821–1887), mmiliki wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa magari ya kukokotwa na farasi ya Louis Espenschied Wagon Co.,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athearn|first1=Robert G.|title=In Search of Canaan: Black Migration to Kansas, 1879-80|date=1978|publisher=Regents Press of Kansas|isbn=9780700601714|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mx92AAAAMAAJ|access-date=2](https://books.google.com/books?id=mx92AAAAMAAJ|access-date=2) October 2017}}</ref> na Catherine Weber (1824–1887).<ref>{{Cite web|title = Coachbult.com - Espenshied Wagon Co.|url = [http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/l/luedinghaus/luedinghaus.htm|website](http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/l/luedinghaus/luedinghaus.htm|website) = [www.coachbuilt.com|access-date](http://www.coachbuilt.com|access-date) = 2016-02-01}}</ref> Alikulia katika mazingira yaliyothamini elimu, sanaa na utamaduni, jambo lililomsaidia kukuza vipaji vyake katika muziki, lugha na sanaa. Katika maisha yake, alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa lugha mbalimbali pamoja na mchango wake katika muziki na sanaa za kitamaduni. Mbali na shughuli zake za kisanii, Von Overstolz alihusishwa na jamii za kitamaduni na kielimu za wakati wake, akichangia katika kuendeleza sanaa na elimu katika mazingira aliyokuwa akiishi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1847|1925}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] n8wyuxsuzp8bk7q4gddhezthnhwy6tc 0 237755 1548678 2026-05-23T00:27:41Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Myrtle Nola Young''' (1 Aprili 1924<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.obittree.com/obituary/us/indiana/fort-wayne/covington-memorial-funeral-home/myrtle-young/1927834/|title=Obituaries](http://www.obittree.com/obituary/us/indiana/fort-wayne/covington-memorial-funeral-home/myrtle-young/1927834/|title=Obituaries) | Tribute Archive}}</ref> – 9 Agosti 2014) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa chipsi za viazi wa [[Marekani]] ambaye mkusanyiko wake ulivutia vyombo vya habar...' 1548678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myrtle Nola Young''' (1 Aprili 1924<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.obittree.com/obituary/us/indiana/fort-wayne/covington-memorial-funeral-home/myrtle-young/1927834/|title=Obituaries](http://www.obittree.com/obituary/us/indiana/fort-wayne/covington-memorial-funeral-home/myrtle-young/1927834/|title=Obituaries) | Tribute Archive}}</ref> – 9 Agosti 2014) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa chipsi za viazi wa [[Marekani]] ambaye mkusanyiko wake ulivutia vyombo vya habari vya kitaifa pamoja na vipindi vya mahojiano vya televisheni. == Ukusanyaji == Young, ambaye alizaliwa [[Kentucky]], alikuwa akifanya kazi kama mkaguzi wa chipsi za viazi katika kampuni ya Seyfert Foods huko [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]], ambapo alikuwa akichagua chipsi zilizofanana na vitu au watu mbalimbali kwa ajili ya mkusanyiko wake.<ref>Cindy Cornwell. [[http://thewaynedalenews.com/featured-waynedale-news/myrtle-s-prize-possessions.html](http://thewaynedalenews.com/featured-waynedale-news/myrtle-s-prize-possessions.html) "MYRTLE’S PRIZE POSSESSIONS"] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120316144526/http://thewaynedalenews.com/featured-waynedale-news/myrtle-s-prize-possessions.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20120316144526/http://thewaynedalenews.com/featured-waynedale-news/myrtle-s-prize-possessions.html) |date=2012-03-16 }}, ''The Waynedale News'', Septemba 24, 2010.</ref> Alianza mkusanyiko wake mwaka 1987 baada ya kuhifadhi chipsi moja iliyokuwa ikifanana na uso wa mtu kutoka kwenye mkanda wa kusafirisha bidhaa kiwandani.<ref>"Woman Has Eyes For Star-Studded Potato Chips". ''[[Schenectady Gazette]]'', Novemba 5, 1987.</ref> Baadaye aliendelea kukusanya chipsi zenye maumbo ya kipekee yaliyofanana na watu maarufu, wanyama, vitu na alama mbalimbali. Mkusanyiko wake ulipata umaarufu mkubwa Marekani, na alialikwa katika vipindi vya televisheni na mahojiano mbalimbali kutokana na aina hiyo isiyo ya kawaida ya ukusanyaji. Young aliendelea kuhifadhi na kuonyesha chipsi zake kwa miaka mingi kama sehemu ya burudani na sanaa ya kipekee ya ukusanyaji. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] grjfc25d4p4e23gds1ojv9lkcvpt55c 0 237756 1548680 2026-05-23T00:31:33Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emilia Zathureczky''' (Alizaliwa, 21 Oktoba 1823 – Alifariki, 5 Novemba 1905) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria wa [[Hungaria]], mwanzilishi wa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na msaidizi wa wapigania mapinduzi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Zathureczky Emilia {{!}} PLM Namespace |url=[https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09](https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM28619...' 1548680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emilia Zathureczky''' (Alizaliwa, 21 Oktoba 1823 – Alifariki, 5 Novemba 1905) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria wa [[Hungaria]], mwanzilishi wa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na msaidizi wa wapigania mapinduzi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Zathureczky Emilia {{!}} PLM Namespace |url=[https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09](https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=PLM Namespace |language=hu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=:: [www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) :: Székely Nemzeti Múzeum 1875-2000 - Séták |url=[https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm](https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=[www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) |language=hu}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Emilia Zathureczky alizaliwa katika eneo la Olasztelek, ambalo sasa linajulikana kama Brăduț. Alijulikana kwa juhudi zake za kuhifadhi historia na utamaduni wa watu wa Székely kupitia ukusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria, nyaraka na vitu vya kitamaduni. Alikuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu waliochangia kuanzishwa kwa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely, taasisi iliyolenga kuhifadhi urithi wa kihistoria na kitamaduni wa jamii ya Székely. Kupitia kazi yake ya ukusanyaji, aliweza kusaidia kuhifadhi vitu vingi vya thamani ya kihistoria ambavyo vingepotea. Mbali na shughuli zake za kitamaduni, Zathureczky pia alisaidia wapigania mapinduzi katika nyakati za migogoro ya kisiasa nchini Hungaria. Mchango wake ulifanya atambulike kama mmoja wa wanawake waliochangia historia ya utamaduni na harakati za kijamii katika eneo hilo.<ref name=":1" /> Urithi wake unaendelea kuonekana kupitia maendeleo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na uhifadhi wa historia ya watu wa Székely. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1823|1905}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] r3exuwvzpp32s01rvfdk5dantbrosww 1548886 1548680 2026-05-23T08:53:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emilia Zathureczky''' (Alizaliwa, 21 Oktoba 1823 – Alifariki, 5 Novemba 1905) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria wa [[Hungaria]], mwanzilishi wa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na msaidizi wa wapigania mapinduzi.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Zathureczky Emilia {{!}} PLM Namespace |url=[https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09](https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=PLM Namespace |language=hu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=:: [www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) :: Székely Nemzeti Múzeum 1875-2000 - Séták |url=[https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm](https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=[www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) |language=hu}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Emilia Zathureczky alizaliwa katika eneo la Olasztelek, ambalo sasa linajulikana kama Brăduț. Alijulikana kwa juhudi zake za kuhifadhi historia na utamaduni wa watu wa Székely kupitia ukusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria, nyaraka na vitu vya kitamaduni. Alikuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu waliochangia kuanzishwa kwa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely, taasisi iliyolenga kuhifadhi urithi wa kihistoria na kitamaduni wa jamii ya Székely. Kupitia kazi yake ya ukusanyaji, aliweza kusaidia kuhifadhi vitu vingi vya thamani ya kihistoria ambavyo vingepotea. Mbali na shughuli zake za kitamaduni, Zathureczky pia alisaidia wapigania mapinduzi katika nyakati za migogoro ya kisiasa nchini Hungaria. Mchango wake ulifanya atambulike kama mmoja wa wanawake waliochangia historia ya utamaduni na harakati za kijamii katika eneo hilo.<ref name=":1" /> Urithi wake unaendelea kuonekana kupitia maendeleo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na uhifadhi wa historia ya watu wa Székely. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1823|1905}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] m9azfjwm58tfl328mg7g0u9r5fbilev 1549016 1548886 2026-05-23T11:30:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emilia Zathureczky''' (21 Oktoba 1823 – 5 Novemba 1905) alikuwa mkusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria wa [[Hungaria]], mwanzilishi wa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na msaidizi wa wapigania mapinduzi.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Zathureczky Emilia {{!}} PLM Namespace |url=[https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09](https://opac-nevter.pim.hu/en/record/-/record/PIM286190;jsessionid=AFDEE61F1C176A9CFF39D16D40AF3D09) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=PLM Namespace |language=hu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=:: [www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) :: Székely Nemzeti Múzeum 1875-2000 - Séták |url=[https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm](https://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info/sznm/setak/belso/csereyne2.htm) |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=[www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info](http://www.sepsiszentgyorgy.info) |language=hu}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Emilia Zathureczky alizaliwa katika eneo la Olasztelek, ambalo sasa linajulikana kama Brăduț. Alijulikana kwa juhudi zake za kuhifadhi historia na utamaduni wa watu wa Székely kupitia ukusanyaji wa mabaki ya kihistoria, nyaraka na vitu vya kitamaduni. Alikuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu waliochangia kuanzishwa kwa Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely, taasisi iliyolenga kuhifadhi urithi wa kihistoria na kitamaduni wa jamii ya Székely. Kupitia kazi yake ya ukusanyaji, aliweza kusaidia kuhifadhi vitu vingi vya thamani ya kihistoria ambavyo vingepotea. Mbali na shughuli zake za kitamaduni, Zathureczky pia alisaidia wapigania mapinduzi katika nyakati za migogoro ya kisiasa nchini Hungaria. Mchango wake ulifanya atambulike kama mmoja wa wanawake waliochangia historia ya utamaduni na harakati za kijamii katika eneo hilo.<ref name=":1" /> Urithi wake unaendelea kuonekana kupitia maendeleo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Székely na uhifadhi wa historia ya watu wa Székely. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1823|1905}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] qhcxlie0d4wrsmkbb3ofa6v2sq33km3 0 237757 1548681 2026-05-23T00:34:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Lawrence Abreu''' (24 Mei 1913 – 17 Machi 1993) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Marekani]] wa Major League Baseball aliyecheza nafasi ya infielder. Alicheza misimu tisa katika mchezo wa kulipwa wa [[baseball]], ukiwemo msimu mmoja katika ligi kuu ya Major League Baseball. Pia alihudumu katika United States Navy wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm](http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm) |...' 1548681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Lawrence Abreu''' (24 Mei 1913 – 17 Machi 1993) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Marekani]] wa Major League Baseball aliyecheza nafasi ya infielder. Alicheza misimu tisa katika mchezo wa kulipwa wa [[baseball]], ukiwemo msimu mmoja katika ligi kuu ya Major League Baseball. Pia alihudumu katika United States Navy wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm](http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm) |title=Major League Players in US Navy |work=Baseball in Wartime |publisher=baseballinwartime.com |access-date=February 21, 2010}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Joseph Abreu alizaliwa tarehe 24 Mei 1913 nchini Marekani. Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali za ulinzi katika baseball, hasa kama infielder. Katika taaluma yake ya baseball ya kulipwa, alicheza kwa misimu tisa, ingawa alitumia msimu mmoja pekee katika kiwango cha juu cha Major League Baseball. Mbali na michezo, Abreu alihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani (United States Navy) wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, kama walivyofanya wanamichezo wengi wa Marekani katika kipindi hicho.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm](http://www.baseballinwartime.com/navy.htm) |title=Major League Players in US Navy |work=Baseball in Wartime |publisher=baseballinwartime.com |access-date=February 21, 2010}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza taaluma yake ya baseball, alibaki akikumbukwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji waliounganisha michezo na huduma ya kijeshi katika kipindi muhimu cha historia ya dunia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|1993}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 8e7vkr3cci4c106arwvl2yl1ze16deg 0 237758 1548683 2026-05-23T00:37:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hassan Abujihaad''' (alizaliwa kama '''Paul R. Hall'''; 1976) ni aliyekuwa mwanamaji katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuunga mkono ugaidi. Mzaliwa wa [[Phoenix, Arizona]]<ref name=JAILED>[[http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955](http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955) Sailor jailed for supporting terrorism] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031043021/http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?I...' 1548683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Abujihaad''' (alizaliwa kama '''Paul R. Hall'''; 1976) ni aliyekuwa mwanamaji katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuunga mkono ugaidi. Mzaliwa wa [[Phoenix, Arizona]]<ref name=JAILED>[[http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955](http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955) Sailor jailed for supporting terrorism] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031043021/http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955](https://web.archive.org/web/20071031043021/http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955) |date=2007-10-31 }}, Independentonline.com; ilifikiwa Mei 5, 2015.</ref> na aliyesilimu kuwa Muislamu, Abujihaad alipatikana na hatia ya kufichua mahali zilipo meli za Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani na udhaifu wake kupitia jukwaa la mtandaoni mnamo Aprili 2001, akiwa akihudumu kama mtaalamu wa mawasiliano ya meli (signalman) ndani ya meli ya kivita USS ''Benfold''.<ref name=JAILED/> == Maisha na kesi == Akiwa bado katika huduma ya kijeshi, Abujihaad alituhumiwa kwa kutoa taarifa nyeti kuhusu shughuli za Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kupitia mtandao. Uchunguzi uliofuata ulisababisha kukamatwa kwake na hatimaye kuhukumiwa kwa makosa yanayohusiana na kusaidia shughuli za kigaidi. Kesi yake ilivuta umakini wa vyombo vya habari nchini Marekani kutokana na mazingira yake kuwa mwanajeshi wa majini aliyefanya vitendo vilivyohusishwa na ulinzi wa taifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 8cr0bebjmsuxpb0twalnamu61ymmozo 1549017 1548683 2026-05-23T11:32:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Abujihaad''' (alizaliwa kama '''Paul R. Hall'''; [[Phoenix, Arizona]], 1976<ref name=JAILED>[[http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955](http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955) Sailor jailed for supporting terrorism] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031043021/http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955](https://web.archive.org/web/20071031043021/http://www.indeonline.com/index.php?ID=14955) |date=2007-10-31 }}, Independentonline.com; ilifikiwa Mei 5, 2015.</ref>) alikuwa mwanamaji katika jeshi la [[Marekani]] ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuunga mkono ugaidi. Kisha [[kusilimu]], Abujihaad alipatikana na hatia ya kufichua mahali zilipo meli za Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani na udhaifu wake kupitia jukwaa la mtandaoni mnamo Aprili 2001, akiwa akihudumu kama mtaalamu wa mawasiliano ya meli (signalman) ndani ya meli ya kivita USS ''Benfold''.<ref name=JAILED/> == Maisha na kesi == Akiwa bado katika huduma ya kijeshi, Abujihaad alituhumiwa kwa kutoa taarifa nyeti kuhusu shughuli za Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kupitia mtandao. Uchunguzi uliofuata ulisababisha kukamatwa kwake na hatimaye kuhukumiwa kwa makosa yanayohusiana na kusaidia shughuli za kigaidi. Kesi yake ilivuta umakini wa vyombo vya habari nchini Marekani kutokana na mazingira yake kuwa mwanajeshi wa majini aliyefanya vitendo vilivyohusishwa na ulinzi wa taifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] a7tb8yqms5s29cjyh5kj28ilwsv1yj9 0 237759 1548684 2026-05-23T00:42:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Marshall Alexander Jr.''' (9 Juni 1929 – 25 Desemba 1954),<ref name="Larkin50s">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of 50s Music]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=2002|edition=Third|isbn=1-85227-937-0|page=7}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''Johnny Ace''', alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]] wa [[rhythm and blues|rhythm and blues (R&B)]]. Alikuwa na mfulul...' 1548684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Marshall Alexander Jr.''' (9 Juni 1929 – 25 Desemba 1954),<ref name="Larkin50s">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of 50s Music]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=2002|edition=Third|isbn=1-85227-937-0|page=7}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''Johnny Ace''', alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]] wa [[rhythm and blues|rhythm and blues (R&B)]]. Alikuwa na mfululizo wa nyimbo zilizofanikiwa katikati ya miaka ya 1950. Alijitokeza kama mmoja wa wasanii muhimu katika muziki wa R&B wa baada ya vita na kupata umaarufu kupitia nyimbo kama “My Song”, “Cross My Heart” na “Pledging My Love”. Mtindo wake wa uimbaji wa polepole na wa kimahaba ulimfanya awe maarufu sana, hasa katika redio za R&B na mashine za muziki (jukeboxes). Katika kilele cha kazi yake, alifanya ziara nyingi za muziki na alionekana kama mmoja wa wasanii chipukizi wenye matumaini makubwa katika aina hiyo ya muziki. Alifariki siku ya Krismasi mwaka 1954 baada ya kujipiga risasi kwa bahati mbaya nyuma ya jukwaa huko Houston, Texas akiwa na umri wa miaka 25. Licha ya kifo chake cha mapema, bado anahesabiwa kama mhusika muhimu katika historia ya awali ya R&B, na wasanii waliomfuata waliendelea kurekodi nyimbo zake na kumtaja kama chanzo cha msukumo. “Pledging My Love”, iliyotayarishwa na Johnny Otis na kumhusisha Otis kwenye vibraphone, ikawa wimbo mkubwa baada ya kifo chake (posthumous hit) na imeimbwa tena na wasanii wengi katika mitindo tofauti ya muziki. == Maisha na kazi == John Alexander alizaliwa huko [[Memphis, Tennessee]], akiwa mtoto wa Leslie Newsome na mchungaji John Marshall Alexander.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803036](https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803036) |title=Ace, Johnny |last=Salem |first=James M. |website=American National Biography |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803036 |access-date=22 Agosti 2022}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu kupitia sauti yake laini na nyimbo za mapenzi zilizovutia wasikilizaji wa redio na vilabu vya muziki vya wakati huo. Kazi yake ilikua haraka kabla ya kifo chake cha ghafla mwaka 1954, ambacho kilikatisha moja ya taaluma zenye ahadi kubwa katika muziki wa R&B wa miaka ya 1950. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|1954}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] a0aqvyrc3f8wegadrpd2tyzw8j4qywc 0 237760 1548686 2026-05-23T00:45:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernice Ackerman''' (1925 – 5 Julai 1995, Lake View, Chicago) alikuwa mwanameteorolojia wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kama mwanamke wa kwanza nchini Marekani kufanya kazi ya uwasilishaji wa hali ya hewa (weathercaster) kwenye vyombo vya habari na pia mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa mwanameteorolojia katika Argonne National Laboratory.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Martha J.|title=American Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary|year=1994|pu...' 1548686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernice Ackerman''' (1925 – 5 Julai 1995, Lake View, Chicago) alikuwa mwanameteorolojia wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kama mwanamke wa kwanza nchini Marekani kufanya kazi ya uwasilishaji wa hali ya hewa (weathercaster) kwenye vyombo vya habari na pia mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa mwanameteorolojia katika Argonne National Laboratory.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Martha J.|title=American Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary|year=1994|publisher=ABC-CLIO, Inc.|isbn=978-0-87436-740-9|url-access=registration|url=[https://archive.org/details/americanwomenins00bail_0}}](https://archive.org/details/americanwomenins00bail_0}})</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Ackerman alijijengea sifa katika taaluma ya hali ya hewa (meteorology), akiwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa mwanzo kuvunja mipaka ya kijinsia katika sayansi ya hali ya hewa nchini Marekani. Kazi yake ya awali ilihusisha utafiti na uchambuzi wa hali ya anga kabla ya kuhamia kwenye uwasilishaji wa taarifa za hali ya hewa kwa umma kupitia redio au televisheni. Baadaye alijiunga na Argonne National Laboratory, ambapo alifanya kazi kama mwanameteorolojia, akichangia katika tafiti za kisayansi zinazohusiana na hali ya anga na mazingira. Uteuzi wake ulifanya historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo katika taasisi hiyo ya utafiti. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|1995}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 5q9ednmmechyx6i1cd2n5f91ga4ka7x 0 237761 1548687 2026-05-23T00:48:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nick Acquaviva''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Nicholas Paul Acquaviva'''; 27 Mei 1927 – 2 Novemba 2003),alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Marekani]], mpiga piano na kiongozi wa bendi. == Maisha na kazi == Acquaviva alizaliwa Beacon, New York,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Libraries Australia Search - Acquaviva, Nick, 1927|url = [http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website](http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website) = nla.gov.au|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><r...' 1548687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Acquaviva''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Nicholas Paul Acquaviva'''; 27 Mei 1927 – 2 Novemba 2003),alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Marekani]], mpiga piano na kiongozi wa bendi. == Maisha na kazi == Acquaviva alizaliwa Beacon, New York,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Libraries Australia Search - Acquaviva, Nick, 1927|url = [http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website](http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website) = nla.gov.au|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = TimeLine of Light Music Composer/Arrangers|url = [http://www.classicthemes.com/composerTimeline.html|website](http://www.classicthemes.com/composerTimeline.html|website) = [www.classicthemes.com|access-date](http://www.classicthemes.com|access-date) = 2016-02-24}}</ref> ambapo baba yake Mike Acquaviva aliendesha kinyozi katika Main Street kwa miaka mingi.<ref name=":0" /> Kama kaka yake mkubwa Tony Acquaviva, alisoma katika Juilliard School na baadaye kuwa mwanamuziki wa kitaaluma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Beacon Revisited|url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=uELvcD7p2_YC|publisher](https://books.google.com/books?id=uELvcD7p2_YC|publisher) = Arcadia Publishing|date = 2003-01-01|isbn = 9780738534503|language = en|first = Robert J.|last = Murphy|first2 = Denise Doring|last2 = VanBuren|page = 96}}</ref> Acquaviva alijijengea taaluma katika muziki wa bendi na utunzi, akifanya kazi kama mpiga piano na kiongozi wa bendi katika mazingira mbalimbali ya muziki wa Marekani wa karne ya 20. Alichangia katika muziki wa “popular music” na light orchestral music, na alihusishwa na kizazi cha wanamuziki waliopitia mafunzo ya kitaaluma ya Juilliard. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2003}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] dhjhob0ty894e7c5hkfcksby16sazx0 0 237762 1548689 2026-05-23T00:50:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patrick Tate Adamiak''' ni mwanamume wa [[Marekani]] na aliyekuwa mwanamaji wa United States Navy ambaye alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 20 katika gereza la shirikisho la Marekani kwa kosa la kuuza na kumiliki silaha zisizo halali. Adamiak alishtakiwa mwaka 2022 baada ya mawakala maalumu wa [[ATF]] kukamata silaha mbalimbali zilizohusiana na kesi hiyo, zikiwemo bunduki za mashine zisizoweza kufanya kazi (inoperable machine guns), vizindua viunzi vya mabo...' 1548689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Tate Adamiak''' ni mwanamume wa [[Marekani]] na aliyekuwa mwanamaji wa United States Navy ambaye alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 20 katika gereza la shirikisho la Marekani kwa kosa la kuuza na kumiliki silaha zisizo halali. Adamiak alishtakiwa mwaka 2022 baada ya mawakala maalumu wa [[ATF]] kukamata silaha mbalimbali zilizohusiana na kesi hiyo, zikiwemo bunduki za mashine zisizoweza kufanya kazi (inoperable machine guns), vizindua viunzi vya mabomu (grenade launchers) viwili, pamoja na vizindua vya makombora ya kuzuia vifaru (anti-tank missile launchers) ambavyo havikuwa na uwezo wa kurusha. Kesi yake ilihusisha pia ushahidi wa biashara ya silaha hizo. Korti ilimpata na hatia kwa makosa matatu ya kupokea na kumiliki silaha zisizosajiliwa, pamoja na kosa moja la kumiliki na kusambaza bunduki ya mashine kinyume cha sheria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sailor sentenced to 20 years in prison for selling illegal machine guns in Virginia |url=[https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2023-06-15/navy-sailor-virginia-illegal-machine-guns-10450276.html](https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2023-06-15/navy-sailor-virginia-illegal-machine-guns-10450276.html) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Stars and Stripes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Eastern District of Virginia |url=[https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/virginia-beach-man-sentenced-dealing-illegal-machine-guns](https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/virginia-beach-man-sentenced-dealing-illegal-machine-guns) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=United States Department of Justice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Josh |date=2022-10-25 |title=Navy sailor convicted for dealing illegal machine guns in undercover ATF weapons sting |url=[https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/25/us/navy-sailor-illegal-gun-dealing-conviction-virginia/index.html](https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/25/us/navy-sailor-illegal-gun-dealing-conviction-virginia/index.html) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Maisha na kesi == Adamiak alikuwa akihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kabla ya kukamatwa kwake. Kesi yake ilivuta umakini wa vyombo vya habari kutokana na ushiriki wake wa kijeshi na uzito wa tuhuma za biashara ya silaha zisizo halali. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990s|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ep8w5oilq8hsx9b0xum2dtg2qxav0mb 0 237763 1548690 2026-05-23T00:53:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brockman Adams''' (13 Januari 1927 – 10 Septemba 2004) alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kutoka jimbo la Washington. Adams alihudumu kama Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa Wilaya ya Magharibi ya Washington wakati wa urais wa John F. Kennedy na Lyndon B. Johnson kuanzia 1961 hadi 1964. Baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa United States House of Representatives akiwakilisha wilaya ya 7 ya Washington...' 1548690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brockman Adams''' (13 Januari 1927 – 10 Septemba 2004) alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kutoka jimbo la Washington. Adams alihudumu kama Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa Wilaya ya Magharibi ya Washington wakati wa urais wa John F. Kennedy na Lyndon B. Johnson kuanzia 1961 hadi 1964. Baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa United States House of Representatives akiwakilisha wilaya ya 7 ya Washington kuanzia 1965 hadi 1977. Pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Uchukuzi wa Marekani wa 5 (United States Secretary of Transportation) kuanzia 1977 hadi 1979, na baadaye kama Seneta wa [[United States Senate]]. == Kesi na kustaafu == Mwishoni mwa maisha yake ya kisiasa, Adams alikabiliwa na tuhuma za umma na za kina kuhusu unyanyasaji wa kingono, unyanyasaji wa kijinsia (sexual harassment), shambulio la kingono (sexual assault) na ubakaji (rape). Kutokana na tuhuma hizo zilizoenea kwa umma, alilazimika kujiondoa katika siasa za kugombea nafasi ya juu mnamo 1992 na hatimaye kustaafu kabisa katika Januari 1993.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/02/us/brock-adams-quits-senate-race-amid-sex-misconduct-allegations.html|title=Brock](https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/02/us/brock-adams-quits-senate-race-amid-sex-misconduct-allegations.html|title=Brock) Adams Quits Senate Race Amid Sex Misconduct charges|work=The New York Times|date=March 2, 1992|access-date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] hpteg47tmxixnjxzuyr4of82kwf52jt 0 237764 1548691 2026-05-23T00:58:24Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Leonard Aidman''' (21 Januari 1925 – 7 Novemba 1993) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] wa jukwaa (stage), filamu na televisheni. == Maisha ya awali == Aidman alizaliwa Frankfort, Indiana,<ref name=guide>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=e6ezCgAAQBAJ&dq=charles+aidman+born+indianapolis&pg=PA136-IA4](https://books.google.com/books?id=e6ezCgAAQBAJ&dq=charles+aidman+born+indianapolis&pg=PA136-IA4) ''TV's M*A*S*H: The Ultimate Guide Book'']</ref...' 1548691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Leonard Aidman''' (21 Januari 1925 – 7 Novemba 1993) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] wa jukwaa (stage), filamu na televisheni. == Maisha ya awali == Aidman alizaliwa Frankfort, Indiana,<ref name=guide>[[https://books.google.com/books?id=e6ezCgAAQBAJ&dq=charles+aidman+born+indianapolis&pg=PA136-IA4](https://books.google.com/books?id=e6ezCgAAQBAJ&dq=charles+aidman+born+indianapolis&pg=PA136-IA4) ''TV's M*A*S*H: The Ultimate Guide Book'']</ref> akiwa mtoto wa George E. na Etta (Kwitny) Aidman. Alihitimu kutoka Frankfort High School na baadaye alisoma katika DePauw University kabla ya kujiunga na huduma ya kijeshi. Wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, alihudumu kama afisa wa silaha (gunnery officer) katika United States Navy. Baada ya vita, alirudi katika jimbo lake la nyumbani na kumaliza masomo yake katika Indiana University.<ref name="is">{{cite news |last1=Allison |first1=Jane |title=Aidman Helped By Big 'Breaks' |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91727107/charles-aidman/](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91727107/charles-aidman/) |access-date=January 3, 2022 |work=The Indianapolis Star |date=December 22, 1963 |location=Indiana, Indianapolis |page=16 - Section 5|via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|1993}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 8a1693ur47bddkpxpwvzjaohvuqepiu 0 237765 1548692 2026-05-23T01:02:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dale Leonard Alderson''' (9 Machi 1918 – 12 Februari 1982) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa (pitcher) katika Major League Baseball ambaye alicheza kuanzia mwaka 1943 hadi 1944 akiwa na timu ya Chicago Cubs. Alikuwa na urefu wa {{convert|5|ft|10|in|abbr=on}} na uzito wa {{convert|190|lb|abbr=on}}, na alikuwa akipiga na kurusha mpira kwa mkono wa kulia. Mzaliwa wa Belden, Nebraska na mhitimu wa Upper Iowa University, Alderson alikuwa miong...' 1548692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dale Leonard Alderson''' (9 Machi 1918 – 12 Februari 1982) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa (pitcher) katika Major League Baseball ambaye alicheza kuanzia mwaka 1943 hadi 1944 akiwa na timu ya Chicago Cubs. Alikuwa na urefu wa {{convert|5|ft|10|in|abbr=on}} na uzito wa {{convert|190|lb|abbr=on}}, na alikuwa akipiga na kurusha mpira kwa mkono wa kulia. Mzaliwa wa Belden, Nebraska na mhitimu wa Upper Iowa University, Alderson alikuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji wengi wa MLB ambao taaluma zao ziliingiliwa na huduma ya kijeshi wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref name="WWII">{{cite web |title=Baseball in Wartime - Dale Alderson |url=[http://baseballinwartime.com/player_biographies/alderson_dale.htm](http://baseballinwartime.com/player_biographies/alderson_dale.htm) |website=BaseballinWartime.com |accessdate=August 27, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|1982}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] tiy9sexvdrc6h3wanath984c7adzafg 0 237766 1548693 2026-05-23T01:05:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Victor Aldridge''' (25 Oktoba 1893 – 17 Aprili 1973), aliyejulikana kwa lakabu ya “'''the Hoosier Schoolmaster'''”, alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Marekani]] wa mkono wa kulia wa kupiga mpira (right-handed pitcher) katika Major League Baseball. Alichezea timu za Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates na New York Giants, na alijulikana kwa ustadi wake katika kurusha mpira wa mduara (curveball). Kabla ya kuanza taaluma yake ya baseball, alikuwa mwalimu wa shule (s...' 1548693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Aldridge''' (25 Oktoba 1893 – 17 Aprili 1973), aliyejulikana kwa lakabu ya “'''the Hoosier Schoolmaster'''”, alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Marekani]] wa mkono wa kulia wa kupiga mpira (right-handed pitcher) katika Major League Baseball. Alichezea timu za Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates na New York Giants, na alijulikana kwa ustadi wake katika kurusha mpira wa mduara (curveball). Kabla ya kuanza taaluma yake ya baseball, alikuwa mwalimu wa shule (schoolmaster), jambo lililopelekea kupata lakabu hiyo. == Maisha na kazi == Kabla ya kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa, Aldridge alifanya kazi kama mwalimu, akifundisha katika shule mbalimbali. Baadaye alihamia kwenye baseball ya kulipwa na kujijengea sifa kama mpigaji mahiri wa curveball. Kipindi chake muhimu zaidi katika taaluma yake kilitokea wakati wa 1925 World Series, ambapo alishinda na kukamilisha (complete game) michezo ya pili na ya tano. Hata hivyo, katika mchezo wa saba wa mfululizo huo, alikumbwa na inning ya kwanza mbaya sana katika historia ya World Series. Baada ya kustaafu baseball, Aldridge aliingia katika siasa na kuhudumu kama seneta wa jimbo katika Indiana General Assembly. Baadaye alitambuliwa kwa mchango wake katika baseball na kuingizwa katika Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame mwaka 2007.<ref name="Levensonpg.26">Levenson, p. 26</ref><ref name="BaseballAlmanac">{{cite web|url=[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=aldrivi01|title=Vic](http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=aldrivi01|title=Vic) Aldridge Stats|publisher=Baseball Almanac|access-date=2009-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1893|1973}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ab67gl3d9phq29gk135mjw2yl0z5xun 0 237767 1548694 2026-05-23T01:08:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jim Alexander''' (alizaliwa 7 Agosti 1935) ni mpiga picha wa [[Marekani]] wa aina ya picha za uhalisia (documentary photographer), mpiga picha wa habari (photojournalist), mwanaharakati (activist), na mwalimu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutumia mbinu ya “mshiriki-mtazamaji (participant observer)” na kwa kazi zake za kupiga picha zinazohusu haki za binadamu pamoja na utamaduni wa watu weusi. == Maisha na kazi == Alexander alijijengea sifa kupitia mbinu y...' 1548694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jim Alexander''' (alizaliwa 7 Agosti 1935) ni mpiga picha wa [[Marekani]] wa aina ya picha za uhalisia (documentary photographer), mpiga picha wa habari (photojournalist), mwanaharakati (activist), na mwalimu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutumia mbinu ya “mshiriki-mtazamaji (participant observer)” na kwa kazi zake za kupiga picha zinazohusu haki za binadamu pamoja na utamaduni wa watu weusi. == Maisha na kazi == Alexander alijijengea sifa kupitia mbinu yake ya kipekee ya uandishi wa picha ambapo hakubaki kama mtazamaji tu, bali alijihusisha moja kwa moja na jamii alizozichunguza ili kunasa maisha yao kwa ukaribu na uhalisia zaidi. Mbinu hii ilimsaidia kuunda picha zenye nguvu zinazowakilisha uzoefu wa kila siku wa watu waliokuwa katika harakati za kijamii na kitamaduni. Kazi zake zimejikita zaidi katika masuala ya haki za binadamu, maisha ya Wamarekani weusi, na harakati za kijamii nchini Marekani. Kupitia picha zake, alichangia kuelimisha umma kuhusu changamoto na mafanikio ya jamii mbalimbali. Pia alifanya kazi kama mwalimu, akifundisha kuhusu upigaji picha na uandishi wa picha, na kuhamasisha vizazi vipya vya wapiga picha kutumia sanaa kama chombo cha mabadiliko ya kijamii.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=[http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jim-alexander-41|title=Jim](http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jim-alexander-41|title=Jim) Alexander {{!}} The HistoryMakers|website=[www.thehistorymakers.org|access-date=22](http://www.thehistorymakers.org|access-date=22) Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 81sd913qejudl50xh0lop840uc7gy30 1548950 1548694 2026-05-23T09:52:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jim Alexander''' (alizaliwa 7 Agosti 1935) ni mpiga picha wa [[Marekani]] wa aina ya picha za uhalisia (documentary photographer), mpiga picha wa habari (photojournalist), mwanaharakati (activist), na mwalimu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutumia mbinu ya “mshiriki-mtazamaji (participant observer)” na kwa kazi zake za kupiga picha zinazohusu haki za binadamu pamoja na utamaduni wa watu weusi. == Maisha na kazi == Alexander alijijengea sifa kupitia mbinu yake ya kipekee ya uandishi wa picha ambapo hakubaki kama mtazamaji tu, bali alijihusisha moja kwa moja na jamii alizozichunguza ili kunasa maisha yao kwa ukaribu na uhalisia zaidi. Mbinu hii ilimsaidia kuunda picha zenye nguvu zinazowakilisha uzoefu wa kila siku wa watu waliokuwa katika harakati za kijamii na kitamaduni. Kazi zake zimejikita zaidi katika masuala ya haki za binadamu, maisha ya Wamarekani weusi, na harakati za kijamii nchini Marekani. Kupitia picha zake, alichangia kuelimisha umma kuhusu changamoto na mafanikio ya jamii mbalimbali. Pia alifanya kazi kama mwalimu, akifundisha kuhusu upigaji picha na uandishi wa picha, na kuhamasisha vizazi vipya vya wapiga picha kutumia sanaa kama chombo cha mabadiliko ya kijamii.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jim-alexander-41|title=Jim](http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jim-alexander-41|title=Jim) Alexander {{!}} The HistoryMakers|website=[www.thehistorymakers.org|access-date=22](http://www.thehistorymakers.org|access-date=22) Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3vlyzblpu8a79iaq2t1vbg3238pusis 0 237768 1548695 2026-05-23T01:09:09Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Habibolah Bitaraf''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa [[Wanamageuzi wa Iran|wanamageuzi (reformist)]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.iranwire.com/en/features/4757|title=Rouhani Announces New Cabinet: Few Reformists, No Women|date=8 August 2017|access-date=17 August 2017|work=Iran Wire|author=Reza Haghighatnejad}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Nishati kwa muda wa miaka 8 wakati wa utawala wa Rais [[Mohammad Khatami]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Factional po...' 1548695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habibolah Bitaraf''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa [[Wanamageuzi wa Iran|wanamageuzi (reformist)]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.iranwire.com/en/features/4757|title=Rouhani Announces New Cabinet: Few Reformists, No Women|date=8 August 2017|access-date=17 August 2017|work=Iran Wire|author=Reza Haghighatnejad}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Nishati kwa muda wa miaka 8 wakati wa utawala wa Rais [[Mohammad Khatami]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Factional politics in post-Khomeini Iran |last=Moslem |first=Mehdi |page=325 |year=2002 |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8156-2978-8 }}</ref> Pia, alipata kuhudumu kama gavana wa mkoa wa [[Mkoa wa Yazd|Yazd]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 9ykl8j4xl2x1mdt04vb1rdzf3it32hf 0 237769 1548696 2026-05-23T01:11:59Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adib Boroumand''' (au Adīb Borūmand) (11 Juni 1924 – 13 Machi 2017) alikuwa mshairi, mwanasiasa, na mwanasheria (akili) wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Alikuwa mkuu wa baraza la uongozi na mwenyekiti wa baraza kuu<ref>[http://jebhe.net/بیانیه-جبهه-ملی-ایران-در-مورد-ترمیم-هیت.htm بیانیه جبهه ملی ایران در مورد ترمیم هیت] jebhe.net (kwa Kiajemi)</ref> la chama cha National Front (Iran)|National Front...' 1548696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adib Boroumand''' (au Adīb Borūmand) (11 Juni 1924 – 13 Machi 2017) alikuwa mshairi, mwanasiasa, na mwanasheria (akili) wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Alikuwa mkuu wa baraza la uongozi na mwenyekiti wa baraza kuu<ref>[http://jebhe.net/بیانیه-جبهه-ملی-ایران-در-مورد-ترمیم-هیت.htm بیانیه جبهه ملی ایران در مورد ترمیم هیت] jebhe.net (kwa Kiajemi)</ref> la chama cha [[National Front (Iran)|National Front of Iran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adibboroumand.com/|title=اشعار ادیب برومند - شعر، غزل و قصيده شاعر ملی ایران|work=اشعار اديب برومند - شعر، غزل و قصيده|accessdate=7 July 2015}}</ref> Anafahamika zaidi kama [[Washairi wa kitaifa|mshairi wa kitaifa]] wa [[Iran]].{{ref|a}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] t42o4yuiuyg5pyydk2ngyxxntf427pj 0 237770 1548697 2026-05-23T01:12:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John William Allen''' (15 Januari 1926 – 16 Septemba 2006) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mbio za mwendo (racewalking). Alishiriki katika mashindano ya mbio za kilomita 50 za wanaume katika 1960 Summer Olympics.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/...' 1548697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John William Allen''' (15 Januari 1926 – 16 Septemba 2006) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mbio za mwendo (racewalking). Alishiriki katika mashindano ya mbio za kilomita 50 za wanaume katika 1960 Summer Olympics.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104145/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104145/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |title=John Allen Olympic Results |access-date=7 Desemba 2017}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allen alijulikana kama mmoja wa wanariadha waliowakilisha Marekani katika mbio za mwendo, mchezo unaohitaji uvumilivu mkubwa na mbinu sahihi ya kutembea bila kukimbia. Alifanikiwa kufuzu kuwakilisha taifa lake katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 1960, tukio lililofanyika Roma, Italia. Katika mashindano ya Olimpiki, alishiriki katika mbio za kilomita 50, ambazo ni miongoni mwa mashindano magumu zaidi katika riadha kutokana na umbali wake mrefu na mahitaji makali ya mwili na akili. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2aw3b690dic9rs4v5ujih0b4v6w4tr8 1549020 1548697 2026-05-23T11:36:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Allen (Mwanariadha)]] hadi [[John Allen (mwanariadha)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John William Allen''' (15 Januari 1926 – 16 Septemba 2006) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mbio za mwendo (racewalking). Alishiriki katika mashindano ya mbio za kilomita 50 za wanaume katika 1960 Summer Olympics.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104145/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104145/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/john-allen-1.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |title=John Allen Olympic Results |access-date=7 Desemba 2017}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allen alijulikana kama mmoja wa wanariadha waliowakilisha Marekani katika mbio za mwendo, mchezo unaohitaji uvumilivu mkubwa na mbinu sahihi ya kutembea bila kukimbia. Alifanikiwa kufuzu kuwakilisha taifa lake katika Olimpiki ya mwaka 1960, tukio lililofanyika Roma, Italia. Katika mashindano ya Olimpiki, alishiriki katika mbio za kilomita 50, ambazo ni miongoni mwa mashindano magumu zaidi katika riadha kutokana na umbali wake mrefu na mahitaji makali ya mwili na akili. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2aw3b690dic9rs4v5ujih0b4v6w4tr8 0 237771 1548698 2026-05-23T01:14:25Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Javad Bushehri''' (1893–1972), pia akijulikana kama '''Amir Homayun''', alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ardeshir Zahedi|author1-link=Ardeshir Zahedi|author2=Ahmad Ahrar|title=Memoirs of Ardeshir Zahedi (Volume One: From Childhood to the End of My Father's Premiership (1928-1954))|publisher=Ibex Publishers|year=2012|isbn=978-1-58814-073-9|location=Bethesda, MD |page...' 1548698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javad Bushehri''' (1893–1972), pia akijulikana kama '''Amir Homayun''', alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ardeshir Zahedi|author1-link=Ardeshir Zahedi|author2=Ahmad Ahrar|title=Memoirs of Ardeshir Zahedi (Volume One: From Childhood to the End of My Father's Premiership (1928-1954))|publisher=Ibex Publishers|year=2012|isbn=978-1-58814-073-9|location=Bethesda, MD |page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opoWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, alihudumu katika Bunge la [[Bunge la Iran|Majlis]] na [[Seneti ya Iran|Seneti]] na pia alikuwa gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Fars]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1893|1972}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5fdd2756hxtxjt67neoom1ovty5m2z9 0 237772 1548699 2026-05-23T01:16:46Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Ismail''' ([[1914]]–[[1983]]; [[Kiarabu]]: محمود إسماعيل) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, na mkurugenzi wa filamu kutoka [[Misri]]. Ismail alifanya kazi katika miradi zaidi ya 40 ya filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuigiza katika filamu ishirini na tano na vipindi sita vya televisheni. == Wasifu == Ismail alianza kazi yake ya kisanii kama mwigizaji wa maigizo katika kundi la maigizo la kitaifa la Misri. Alikuwa mkazi wa Sufi, na alikuwa akiishi katika eneo la Al-Hussein huko [[Kairo]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Developed By Heba Musa|title=محمود إسماعيل.. فنان متصوف هدده الجمهور بالضرب|date=الخميس، 18 مارس 2021 - 05:20 م|url=https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/3298380/1/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7|work=بوابة اخبار اليوم|language=ar-AR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Kama mwigizaji katika filamu, mara nyingi alifanya kazi na wakurugenzi wa filamu Ahmed Badrakhan, Niazi Mostafa, Hassan Hilmy, na Hasan El-Saifi. Mara nyingi aliigiza wahusika waliokuwa na historia ya uhalifu au wahalifu (kama vile wezi, majambazi, na wafanyabiashara wa dawa za kulevya).<ref>{{Cite web|title=في ذكرى ميلاده.. محمود إسماعيل تاجر مخدرات بالسينما ومتصوف في الواقع|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/5379710|work=الوطن|date=2021-03-17|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar|author=هبة أمين}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=bfcwDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|title=الوجه والقناع.. أشرار السينما المصرية|last=قاسم|first=محمود|date=2017-01-01|publisher=وكالة الصحافة العربية|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail alitoweka kutoka kwenye eneo la filamu kwa miaka michache, kisha akarudi tena kuonekana kwenye skrini mara kwa mara katika filamu na vipindi vidogo vya televisheni mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]] na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=محمود إسماعيل - ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ فيلموجرافيا، صور، فيديو|url=https://elcinema.com/person/1052346|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail pia alikuwa mwandishi mahiri wa filamu. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] bf1as5pknul45k3gstgvlyb9ekini0f 1549008 1548699 2026-05-23T11:17:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1549008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Ismail''' ([[1914]]–[[1983]]; [[Kiarabu]]: محمود إسماعيل) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, na mkurugenzi wa filamu kutoka [[Misri]]. Ismail alifanya kazi katika miradi zaidi ya 40 ya filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuigiza katika filamu ishirini na tano na vipindi sita vya televisheni. == Wasifu == Ismail alianza kazi yake ya kisanii kama mwigizaji wa maigizo katika kundi la maigizo la kitaifa la Misri. Alikuwa mkazi wa Sufi, na alikuwa akiishi katika eneo la Al-Hussein huko [[Kairo]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Developed By Heba Musa|title=محمود إسماعيل.. فنان متصوف هدده الجمهور بالضرب|date=الخميس، 18 مارس 2021 - 05:20 م|url=https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/3298380/1/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7|work=بوابة اخبار اليوم|language=ar-AR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Kama mwigizaji katika filamu, mara nyingi alifanya kazi na wakurugenzi wa filamu Ahmed Badrakhan, Niazi Mostafa, Hassan Hilmy, na Hasan El-Saifi. Mara nyingi aliigiza wahusika waliokuwa na historia ya uhalifu au wahalifu (kama vile wezi, majambazi, na wafanyabiashara wa dawa za kulevya).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=في ذكرى ميلاده.. محمود إسماعيل تاجر مخدرات بالسينما ومتصوف في الواقع|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/5379710|work=الوطن|date=2021-03-17|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar|author=هبة أمين}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=bfcwDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|title=الوجه والقناع.. أشرار السينما المصرية|last=قاسم|first=محمود|date=2017-01-01|publisher=وكالة الصحافة العربية|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail alitoweka kutoka kwenye eneo la filamu kwa miaka michache, kisha akarudi tena kuonekana kwenye skrini mara kwa mara katika filamu na vipindi vidogo vya televisheni mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]] na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=محمود إسماعيل - ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ فيلموجرافيا، صور، فيديو|url=https://elcinema.com/person/1052346|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail pia alikuwa mwandishi mahiri wa filamu. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] fhvo9vx8k9xjmpcbb32b3ana812362q 1549022 1549008 2026-05-23T11:37:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Ismail''' ([[1914]]–[[1983]]; [[Kiarabu]]: محمود إسماعيل) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, na mkurugenzi wa filamu kutoka [[Misri]]. Ismail alifanya kazi katika miradi zaidi ya 40 ya filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuigiza katika filamu ishirini na tano na vipindi sita vya televisheni. == Wasifu == Ismail alianza kazi yake ya kisanii kama mwigizaji wa maigizo katika kundi la maigizo la kitaifa la Misri. Alikuwa mkazi wa Sufi, na alikuwa akiishi katika eneo la Al-Hussein huko [[Kairo]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Developed By Heba Musa|title=محمود إسماعيل.. فنان متصوف هدده الجمهور بالضرب|date=الخميس، 18 مارس 2021 - 05:20 م|url=https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/3298380/1/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7|work=بوابة اخبار اليوم|language=ar-AR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Kama mwigizaji katika filamu, mara nyingi alifanya kazi na wakurugenzi wa filamu Ahmed Badrakhan, Niazi Mostafa, Hassan Hilmy, na Hasan El-Saifi. Mara nyingi aliigiza wahusika waliokuwa na historia ya uhalifu au wahalifu (kama vile wezi, majambazi, na wafanyabiashara wa dawa za kulevya).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=في ذكرى ميلاده.. محمود إسماعيل تاجر مخدرات بالسينما ومتصوف في الواقع|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/5379710|work=الوطن|date=2021-03-17|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar|author=هبة أمين}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=bfcwDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|title=الوجه والقناع.. أشرار السينما المصرية|last=قاسم|first=محمود|date=2017-01-01|publisher=وكالة الصحافة العربية|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail alitoweka kutoka kwenye eneo la filamu kwa miaka michache, kisha akarudi tena kuonekana kwenye skrini mara kwa mara katika filamu na vipindi vidogo vya televisheni mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]] na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=محمود إسماعيل - ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ فيلموجرافيا، صور، فيديو|url=https://elcinema.com/person/1052346|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=ar}}</ref> Ismail pia alikuwa mwandishi mahiri wa filamu. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 545bipeie3ovkthxi48j14sfgvycze6 0 237773 1548701 2026-05-23T01:17:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Russell D. Allen''' (10 Machi 1913 – 2 Aprili 2012) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mchezo wa baiskeli (cyclist). Alishiriki katika 1932 Summer Olympics zilizofanyika [[Los Angeles]]. Katika mashindano hayo, Allen alishindana katika kipengele cha Men's Team Pursuit, mita 4,000, ambapo alishika nafasi ya tano akiwa pamoja na wenzake Eddie Testa, Ruggero Berti na Harold Ade.<ref name="Allen">{{cite Sports-Reference|title = Russell Allen|url = [h...' 1548701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Russell D. Allen''' (10 Machi 1913 – 2 Aprili 2012) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mchezo wa baiskeli (cyclist). Alishiriki katika 1932 Summer Olympics zilizofanyika [[Los Angeles]]. Katika mashindano hayo, Allen alishindana katika kipengele cha Men's Team Pursuit, mita 4,000, ambapo alishika nafasi ya tano akiwa pamoja na wenzake Eddie Testa, Ruggero Berti na Harold Ade.<ref name="Allen">{{cite Sports-Reference|title = Russell Allen|url = [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|archive-url](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|archive-url) = [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104400/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|url-status](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104400/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|url-status) = dead|archive-date = April 18, 2020|accessdate = 2 Novemba 2009}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allen alijulikana kama mmoja wa wanariadha wa baiskeli waliowakilisha Marekani katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya Olimpiki mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Ushiriki wake katika Olimpiki ya 1932 uliweka historia kama sehemu ya timu ya Marekani katika mbio za timu za mita 4,000. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|2012}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3cpjqne017ozb82c4253vlr0ef7zze0 1549023 1548701 2026-05-23T11:38:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Russell Allen (Mwendesha baiskeli)]] hadi [[Russell Allen (mwendeshabaiskeli)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Russell D. Allen''' (10 Machi 1913 – 2 Aprili 2012) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mchezo wa baiskeli (cyclist). Alishiriki katika 1932 Summer Olympics zilizofanyika [[Los Angeles]]. Katika mashindano hayo, Allen alishindana katika kipengele cha Men's Team Pursuit, mita 4,000, ambapo alishika nafasi ya tano akiwa pamoja na wenzake Eddie Testa, Ruggero Berti na Harold Ade.<ref name="Allen">{{cite Sports-Reference|title = Russell Allen|url = [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|archive-url](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|archive-url) = [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104400/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|url-status](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104400/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html|url-status) = dead|archive-date = April 18, 2020|accessdate = 2 Novemba 2009}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allen alijulikana kama mmoja wa wanariadha wa baiskeli waliowakilisha Marekani katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya Olimpiki mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Ushiriki wake katika Olimpiki ya 1932 uliweka historia kama sehemu ya timu ya Marekani katika mbio za timu za mita 4,000. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|2012}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3cpjqne017ozb82c4253vlr0ef7zze0 1549026 1549023 2026-05-23T11:40:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Russell D. Allen''' (10 Machi 1913 – 2 Aprili 2012) alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Marekani]] wa mchezo wa baiskeli. Alishiriki katika Olimpiki ya majira ya joto ya mwaka 1932 zilizofanyika [[Los Angeles]]. Katika mashindano hayo, Allen alishindana katika kipengele cha Men's Team Pursuit, mita 4,000, ambapo alishika nafasi ya tano akiwa pamoja na wenzake Eddie Testa, Ruggero Berti na Harold Ade.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104400/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/russell-allen-1.html</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Allen alijulikana kama mmoja wa wanariadha wa baiskeli waliowakilisha Marekani katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya Olimpiki mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Ushiriki wake katika Olimpiki ya 1932 uliweka historia kama sehemu ya timu ya Marekani katika mbio za timu za mita 4,000. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|2012}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] d47hl0h8ywgm1okejnu7kzcznykc8kd 0 237774 1548702 2026-05-23T01:19:37Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rahman Dadman''' (1956–2001) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa amefuzu kama mhandisi wa ujenzi (civil engineer), Dadman alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama [[Wizara ya Barabara na Maendeleo ya Mijini (Iran)|Waziri wa Barabara na Usafirishaji]] kati ya mwezi Januari na Mei mwaka 2001. Alifariki katika ajali ya ndege mnamo tarehe 17 Mei 2001. == Wasifu == Dadman alizaliwa mjini [[Ardabil]] mnamo mwaka 1956. Alitunukiwa shahada ya kwanza ya uhandisi...' 1548702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rahman Dadman''' (1956–2001) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa amefuzu kama mhandisi wa ujenzi (civil engineer), Dadman alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama [[Wizara ya Barabara na Maendeleo ya Mijini (Iran)|Waziri wa Barabara na Usafirishaji]] kati ya mwezi Januari na Mei mwaka 2001. Alifariki katika ajali ya ndege mnamo tarehe 17 Mei 2001. == Wasifu == Dadman alizaliwa mjini [[Ardabil]] mnamo mwaka 1956. Alitunukiwa shahada ya kwanza ya uhandisi wa ujenzi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tehran]] mnamo mwaka 1983. Pia alipata shahada ya umahiri (master of science) katika fani hiyo hiyo kutoka chuo hicho huko mnamo mwaka 1986.Dadman alikuwa na shahada ya uzamifu ya uhandisi wa ujenzi aliyoipata kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester]] mnamo mwaka 1996.Kabla ya mapinduzi ya mwaka 1979, Dadman alikuwa miongoni mwa wanamapinduzi.<ref name=hes>{{cite book|author=Hesam Forozan|title=The Military in Post-Revolutionary Iran: The Evolution and Roles of the Revolutionary Guards|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2015|isbn=978-1-317-43074-2|location=Abingdon, UK|page=95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oa9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA95}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1956|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] dih95fjdhy5eo216zpz8xkb17itrcsk 0 237775 1548703 2026-05-23T01:19:54Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Reggie''' “'''Little George'''” '''Amick'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Amick |url=[http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm](http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm) |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=[www.champcarstats.com](http://www.champcarstats.com)}}</ref> (24 Oktoba 1924 – 4 Aprili 1959) alikuwa dereva wa Marekani wa magari ya mashindano (racecar driver), aliyehusika zaidi katika mashindano ya American Nation...' 1548703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Reggie''' “'''Little George'''” '''Amick'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Amick |url=[http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm](http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm) |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=[www.champcarstats.com](http://www.champcarstats.com)}}</ref> (24 Oktoba 1924 – 4 Aprili 1959) alikuwa dereva wa Marekani wa magari ya mashindano (racecar driver), aliyehusika zaidi katika mashindano ya American National Championship. Alifariki katika ajali ya mbio wakati wa mashindano ya USAC ya maili 100 (takriban {{Convert|100|mi|km|adj=on}}) yaliyofanyika katika Daytona International Speedway.<ref name="National Midget">{{cite press release|title=Plaque|publisher=[[National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame]]|year=2009}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Amick alijijengea jina katika ulimwengu wa motorsport ya Marekani kwa uwezo wake katika mashindano ya magari ya kasi. Alihusishwa na mbio za kitaifa za Championship Car racing, ambazo zilikuwa miongoni mwa mashindano makubwa ya magari Marekani katika miaka ya 1950. Kifo chake kilitokea akiwa bado katika kilele cha kazi yake ya mbio, na kilitambuliwa kama mojawapo ya ajali za mapema zilizowahi kutokea katika historia ya Daytona International Speedway. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|1959}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3n2ga1dzndsquw6nlwgrpjflchshew9 1548892 1548703 2026-05-23T09:12:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Reggie''' “'''Little George'''” '''Amick'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=George Amick |url=[http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm](http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/AmickGeorge.htm) |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=[www.champcarstats.com](http://www.champcarstats.com)}}</ref> (24 Oktoba 1924 – 4 Aprili 1959) alikuwa dereva wa Marekani wa magari ya mashindano (racecar driver), aliyehusika zaidi katika mashindano ya American National Championship. Alifariki katika ajali ya mbio wakati wa mashindano ya USAC ya maili 100 (takriban {{Convert|100|mi|km|adj=on}}) yaliyofanyika katika Daytona International Speedway.<ref name="National Midget">{{cite press release|title=Plaque|publisher=[[National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame]]|year=2009}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Amick alijijengea jina katika ulimwengu wa motorsport ya Marekani kwa uwezo wake katika mashindano ya magari ya kasi. Alihusishwa na mbio za kitaifa za Championship Car racing, ambazo zilikuwa miongoni mwa mashindano makubwa ya magari Marekani katika miaka ya 1950. Kifo chake kilitokea akiwa bado katika kilele cha kazi yake ya mbio, na kilitambuliwa kama mojawapo ya ajali za mapema zilizowahi kutokea katika historia ya Daytona International Speedway. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|1959}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] nh087mf9b1dsb2i3b713xupt3ugy1l3 0 237776 1548704 2026-05-23T01:22:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Roghieh "Faran" Daneshgari''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa kikomunisti wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas|Shirika la Wanamgambo wa Fedai wa Watu wa Iran]]. == Shughuli zake == Daneshgari alikuwa [[wanamgambo|mpiganaji wa msituni]] aliyepambana dhidi ya [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]], hata hivyo alikamatwa katika [[nyumba ya siri]] (safehouse). Kulingana na kumbukumbu za Ahmad Ahmad, mawakala wa [[SAVAK]]...' 1548704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roghieh "Faran" Daneshgari''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa kikomunisti wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas|Shirika la Wanamgambo wa Fedai wa Watu wa Iran]]. == Shughuli zake == Daneshgari alikuwa [[wanamgambo|mpiganaji wa msituni]] aliyepambana dhidi ya [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]], hata hivyo alikamatwa katika [[nyumba ya siri]] (safehouse). Kulingana na kumbukumbu za Ahmad Ahmad, mawakala wa [[SAVAK]] walimwambia kuwa walipomkamata Daneshgari, alihimili mateso na hakutoa siri yoyote wakati wa mahojiano.<ref name="AA"/> Hata hivyo, kwa sababu alimwamini [[shushushu|wakala wa siri]] aliyejifanya kuwa rafiki yake na kumpa namba ya simu ili aijulishe familia yake, laini hiyo ya simu [[Udukuzi wa simu|ididukuliwa]] (iliwekewa mtambo wa kusikiliza) na kupelekea watu wengine kadhaa kukamatwa.<ref name="AA">{{citation|title=Ahmad Ahmad Memoirs|number=38|editor-first=Mohsen|editor-last=Kazemi|translator=Mohammad Karimi|url=http://www.oral-history.ir/?page=post&id=5356|date=2000|publisher=Soureh Mehr Publishing Company|via=Iranian Oral History}}</ref> Baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran]], aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani na akagombea kiti cha [[Baraza la Wataalamu wa Katiba]] kupitia [[Uchaguzi wa kikatiba wa Iran wa 1979 (Mkoa wa Tehran)|jimbo la Tehran]], ambapo alipata kura 115,334. Licha ya Daneshgari kuwa mgombea wa mrengo wa kushoto aliyepata kura nyingi zaidi, hakufanikiwa kuchaguliwa.<ref>{{Citation|first1=Ali|last1=Mirsepassi|title=The Tragedy of the Iranian Left|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|year=2004|at=Table 10.3 Selected leftist candidates in the Tehran elections for the Assembly of Experts}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] az7kxwsom00pshcn2nfvake9103sb4k 0 237777 1548706 2026-05-23T01:22:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Archibald Randolph Ammons''' (18 Februari 1926 – 25 Februari 2001) alikuwa mshairi wa [[Marekani]] na profesa wa Kiingereza katika Cornell University. Ammons alichapisha karibu makusanyo thelathini ya mashairi katika maisha yake.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2001 |title=Poet A.R. Ammons, twice a National Book Award winner, dead at 75 |url=[https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2001/02/poet-ar-ammons-dead-75](https://news.cornell.edu/stories/...' 1548706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Archibald Randolph Ammons''' (18 Februari 1926 – 25 Februari 2001) alikuwa mshairi wa [[Marekani]] na profesa wa Kiingereza katika Cornell University. Ammons alichapisha karibu makusanyo thelathini ya mashairi katika maisha yake.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2001 |title=Poet A.R. Ammons, twice a National Book Award winner, dead at 75 |url=[https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2001/02/poet-ar-ammons-dead-75](https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2001/02/poet-ar-ammons-dead-75) |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Cornell Chronicle}}</ref> Ammons anahesabiwa miongoni mwa washairi muhimu wa Marekani waliochangia maendeleo ya ushairi wa kimapenzi na wa kisasa wa Marekani. Alipokea tuzo kadhaa kubwa za fasihi, zikiwemo Tuzo mbili za Kitaifa za Vitabu katika ushairi (National Book Award for Poetry): moja mwaka 1973 kwa kitabu chake *Collected Poems* na nyingine mwaka 1993 kwa *Garbage*.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=A.R. Ammons |url=[https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/a-r-ammons](https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/a-r-ammons) |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Ammons alihudumu kama profesa wa Kiingereza katika Cornell University, ambapo pia aliendeleza kazi yake ya uandishi wa mashairi. Kazi zake zilijulikana kwa kuchanganya mandhari za asili, falsafa na tafakuri za maisha ya kila siku. Katika kipindi cha taaluma yake, alichapisha vitabu vingi vya mashairi na kuathiri kizazi cha washairi wa Marekani kupitia mtindo wake wa kipekee unaochanganya uhalisia na tafakuri za kina za kifalsafa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 04ap4hvpy5z2j2wlrzmsdvg0if3dmpr 0 237778 1548707 2026-05-23T01:24:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali-Akbar Dāvar''' (pia akijulikana kama '''Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar''' ({{lang|fa|میرزا علی‌اکبرخان داور}})&lrm;; 1885 – 10 Februari 1937) alikuwa mwanasiasa na jaji wa [[Iran]], na ndiye mwanzilishi wa [[Mfumo wa kisheria wa Iran|mfumo wa kisasa wa mahakama nchini Iran]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ali-Akbar Davar alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1885<ref name=irano>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/davar-ali-akbar DĀVAR,...' 1548707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali-Akbar Dāvar''' (pia akijulikana kama '''Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar''' ({{lang|fa|میرزا علی‌اکبرخان داور}})&lrm;; 1885 – 10 Februari 1937) alikuwa mwanasiasa na jaji wa [[Iran]], na ndiye mwanzilishi wa [[Mfumo wa kisheria wa Iran|mfumo wa kisasa wa mahakama nchini Iran]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ali-Akbar Davar alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1885<ref name=irano>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/davar-ali-akbar DĀVAR, ʿALĪ-AKBAR] Iranica Online</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Iran and the rise of Reza Shah: from Qajar collapse to Pahlavi rule|author=Sīrūs Ghani|date=1998|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=1860642586|location=London|oclc=40517452}}</ref> mjini Tehran. Baba yake, Kalbali Khan Khazen al Khalvat, alikuwa afisa mdogo wa jumba la kifalme wakati wa utawala wa [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]].<ref name=":0"/> Mnamo mwaka 1900, Davar alijiunga na shule ya wasomi mashuhuri ya [[Dar ul-Funun (Uajemi)|Dar ul-Funun]] kusomea udaktari;<ref name=":0"/> hata hivyo, alibadilisha fani yake na kusomea sheria, kisha akahitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Geneva na kupata shahada ya sheria mnamo mwaka 1908.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Amir Poursadigh|title=The Determinants of the Revolutionary Disintegration of the State in Iran|url=http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951-44-5641-6|location=University of Tampere|page=53|degree=PhD|date=2003}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] atsym2dy8euaw1p75qfoaovk7btu1tk 0 237779 1548708 2026-05-23T01:27:01Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert James Anderson''' (6 Machi 1933 – 6 Juni 2008) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] aliyeanza akiwa mtoto (child actor) na baadaye mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni. Miongoni mwa majukumu yake maarufu ni kucheza kama kijana George Bailey katika filamu ya ''It's a Wonderful Life''. == Maisha ya awali == Robert James Anderson alizaliwa 6 Machi 1933 huko Hollywood, California, katika familia iliyohusiana na tasnia ya burudani. Alikuwa mtoto wa...' 1548708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert James Anderson''' (6 Machi 1933 – 6 Juni 2008) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] aliyeanza akiwa mtoto (child actor) na baadaye mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni. Miongoni mwa majukumu yake maarufu ni kucheza kama kijana George Bailey katika filamu ya ''It's a Wonderful Life''. == Maisha ya awali == Robert James Anderson alizaliwa 6 Machi 1933 huko Hollywood, California, katika familia iliyohusiana na tasnia ya burudani. Alikuwa mtoto wa Eugene Randolph Anderson, msaidizi wa mkurugenzi na meneja wa uzalishaji, na Marie Augusta Fleischer. Ndugu zake na binamu zake pia walihusika katika tasnia ya filamu kama wahariri na wasimamizi wa uzalishaji.<ref>{{cite book| title=Wade ancestors and related families| url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HWtZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Eugene+Randolph+Anderson,+Jr.%22|](https://books.google.com/books?id=HWtZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Eugene+Randolph+Anderson,+Jr.%22|) last=Wade| first=Mrs. Jeff| year=1973| page=97}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mpwa kwa njia ya ndoa wa wakurugenzi William Beaudine na James Flood, ambao wote walikuwa wameoa dada za mama yake Anderson. == Kazi == Anderson alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji akiwa mtoto, ambapo alijipatia umaarufu kupitia majukumu mbalimbali katika filamu na televisheni. Jukumu lake maarufu zaidi ni lile la kijana George Bailey katika filamu ya kihistoria ya ''It's a Wonderful Life'', ambayo imeendelea kuchukuliwa kama mojawapo ya filamu bora zaidi za wakati wote. Baadaye katika maisha yake, alihamia kwenye upande wa utayarishaji wa televisheni, akifanya kazi nyuma ya pazia katika sekta ya burudani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1933|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] d0i6wfdixn2ldtnxmk35eexrk4ualwk 0 237780 1548709 2026-05-23T01:27:18Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '''[[Allamah]]'' '''Ali-Akbar Dehkhodā''' (9 Machi 1956) alikuwa mwandishi mashuhuri wa fasihi, [[Filolojia|mtaalamu wa lugha (filolojia)]], na [[Kamusi|mwandishi wa kamusi]] wa [[Iran]]. Alikuwa mwandishi wa ''[[Kamusi ya Dehkhoda]]'' (Dehkhoda Dictionary), ambayo ndiyo kamusi pana na kubwa zaidi ya [[Kiajemi|lugha ya Kiajemi]] iliyowahi kuchapishwa hadi sasa. == Wasifu == Dehkhoda alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] na wazazi wake walitokea [[Qazvin]]. Baba yak...' 1548709 wikitext text/x-wiki ''[[Allamah]]'' '''Ali-Akbar Dehkhodā''' (9 Machi 1956) alikuwa mwandishi mashuhuri wa fasihi, [[Filolojia|mtaalamu wa lugha (filolojia)]], na [[Kamusi|mwandishi wa kamusi]] wa [[Iran]]. Alikuwa mwandishi wa ''[[Kamusi ya Dehkhoda]]'' (Dehkhoda Dictionary), ambayo ndiyo kamusi pana na kubwa zaidi ya [[Kiajemi|lugha ya Kiajemi]] iliyowahi kuchapishwa hadi sasa. == Wasifu == Dehkhoda alizaliwa mjini [[Tehran]] na wazazi wake walitokea [[Qazvin]]. Baba yake, Khan-Baba Khan Ghazvini, alifariki dunia wakati Dehkhoda akiwa na umri wa miaka 9 tu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ali akbar dehkhoda |url=http://realiran.org/ali-akbar-dehkhoda/ |website=Real Iran |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-date=21 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061758/http://realiran.org/ali-akbar-dehkhoda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1879|1956}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 8zfdhvgqjew83xzvzun8k4iht6wnnru 0 237781 1548711 2026-05-23T01:30:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles David “Chic” Anderson''' (17 Desemba 1931 – 24 Machi 1979) alikuwa mtangazaji wa michezo wa [[Marekani]] (sportscaster) na mtangazaji wa uwanjani (public address announcer) aliyebobea katika mbio za farasi wa mbio (Thoroughbred horse racing). Alijulikana kama mmoja wa sauti maarufu zaidi katika historia ya michezo ya Marekani, na bado anaheshimiwa sana kama mmoja wa watangazaji bora wa mbio za farasi (race caller).<ref name=NYT>{{cite new...' 1548711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles David “Chic” Anderson''' (17 Desemba 1931 – 24 Machi 1979) alikuwa mtangazaji wa michezo wa [[Marekani]] (sportscaster) na mtangazaji wa uwanjani (public address announcer) aliyebobea katika mbio za farasi wa mbio (Thoroughbred horse racing). Alijulikana kama mmoja wa sauti maarufu zaidi katika historia ya michezo ya Marekani, na bado anaheshimiwa sana kama mmoja wa watangazaji bora wa mbio za farasi (race caller).<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/25/archives/charles-chic-anderson-dies-well-known-race-caller-was-47.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/25/archives/charles-chic-anderson-dies-well-known-race-caller-was-47.html) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 25, 1979 |title=Charles (Chic) Anderson Dies; Well Known Race Caller Was 47; Inauspicious Start |via=nytimes.com}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Anderson alijenga taaluma yake katika tasnia ya matangazo ya michezo, akijipatia umaarufu kupitia uwezo wake wa kuelezea mbio za farasi kwa msisimko na uwazi mkubwa. Sauti yake ilitumika katika matukio makubwa ya mbio za farasi nchini Marekani, na alijulikana kwa mtindo wake wa kipekee wa utangazaji uliovutia mashabiki wengi. Kwa miaka yake ya kazi, Anderson alichukuliwa kama alama ya ubora katika utangazaji wa mbio za farasi, na mchango wake uliendelea kuathiri vizazi vya watangazaji waliokuja baada yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] pfngybynrg1lawsc2mkrm7mxh62oqde 0 237782 1548712 2026-05-23T01:34:39Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pirouz Dilanchi''' ({{IPA|az|piˈruːz diːlænˈt͡ʃi|label=Katamko la Kiazeri cha Iran}}, {{IPA|az|piˈrus dilænˈt͡ʃi|label=Katamko la Kiazeri cha Sovieti}}; alizaliwa kama '''Ali (Baratali oglu) Ismayilfiruz''' ; Mei 1965 mjini [[Tehran]], Iran) ni kiongozi wa harakati za kujitenga mwenye asili ya [[Irani|Iran]] na [[Azerbaijan]]. Pia ameandika mashairi mengi na ni mwandishi wa vitabu vinane<ref>[http://turuz.com/en/index/view/77c3bbe0d1fb46027...' 1548712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pirouz Dilanchi''' ({{IPA|az|piˈruːz diːlænˈt͡ʃi|label=Katamko la Kiazeri cha Iran}}, {{IPA|az|piˈrus dilænˈt͡ʃi|label=Katamko la Kiazeri cha Sovieti}}; alizaliwa kama '''Ali (Baratali oglu) Ismayilfiruz''' ; Mei 1965 mjini [[Tehran]], Iran) ni kiongozi wa harakati za kujitenga mwenye asili ya [[Irani|Iran]] na [[Azerbaijan]]. Pia ameandika mashairi mengi na ni mwandishi wa vitabu vinane<ref>[http://turuz.com/en/index/view/77c3bbe0d1fb46027a4b3be39e6c27c978d91470 Turuz » book]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dlib.ical.ir/site/catalogue/261029 |title=National library of Iran - Library, Museum and Document Center of The Parliament of Iran |access-date=2012-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521040545/http://dlib.ical.ir/site/catalogue/261029 |archive-date=2014-05-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/039523497 Similar vocabulary of the language and literature of Azerbaijan]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wIQ6ygAACAAJ Google Books]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130108093731/http://www.lib.ir/LibView/DocView.aspx?did=HPWwWwHBHBAPHPWwBFDHPHPZAPAP Nabi Khazri - Poems]</ref><ref>http://89.147.202.130:8000/cgi-bin/gw_2010_1_3/chameleon?sessionid=2010101223275403543&skin=azl&lng=az&inst=consortium&host=localhost%2B2222%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=localhost%202222%20DEFAULT&searchid=34&sourcescreen=INITREQ&pos=1&itempos=1&rootsearch=SCAN&function=INITREQ&search=AUTHID&authid=580160&authidu=1003 {{dead link|date=November 2016}} Əli İsmayıl Firuz Sümərin</ref><ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/038902514 Nabi Khazri - Piruz Dilanchi]</ref><ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49572276 معاصر آذربايجان شاعيرلريندن قانلی نغمه لر]</ref><ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AS%CC%B2amari%CC%84n%2C+%CA%BBAli%CC%84+Isma%CC%84%CA%BBi%CC%84l+Fi%CC%84ru%CC%84z.&qt=hot_author Search results for Piruz Dilanchi's books from WorldCat]</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=September 2021}} katika [[Kiazeri|lugha ya Kiazeri]] na [[Kiajemi]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] c15sszsxbggxgjqian317inlwykf380 0 237783 1548713 2026-05-23T01:39:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Murphy C. Anderson Jr.''' (9 Julai 1926 – 22 Oktoba 2015) alikuwa msanii wa vitabu vya katuni wa [[Marekani]] (comics artist), anayejulikana kama mmoja wa wachoraji wa kuongeza wino (inker) bora zaidi wa kizazi chake. Alifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 katika kampuni mbalimbali, hasa DC Comics, kuanzia enzi ya Golden Age of Comic Books katika miaka ya 1940. Alishiriki katika uchoraji wa wahusika maarufu wa katuni kama vile Hawkman, Batgirl, Zatanna,...' 1548713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murphy C. Anderson Jr.''' (9 Julai 1926 – 22 Oktoba 2015) alikuwa msanii wa vitabu vya katuni wa [[Marekani]] (comics artist), anayejulikana kama mmoja wa wachoraji wa kuongeza wino (inker) bora zaidi wa kizazi chake. Alifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 katika kampuni mbalimbali, hasa DC Comics, kuanzia enzi ya Golden Age of Comic Books katika miaka ya 1940. Alishiriki katika uchoraji wa wahusika maarufu wa katuni kama vile Hawkman, Batgirl, Zatanna, Spectre, na Superman. Pia alifanya kazi kwenye mfululizo wa magazeti ya katuni ya kila siku ya Buck Rogers yaliyosambazwa kitaifa (syndicated). Aidha, Anderson alichangia kwa muda mrefu katika jarida la ''PS'', jarida la elimu ya matengenezo ya kinga (preventive maintenance) la Jeshi la Marekani. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Murphy Anderson alizaliwa 9 Julai 1926 huko [[Asheville, North Carolina]], na akiwa bado katika shule ya msingi alihamia pamoja na familia yake kwenda [[Greensboro, North Carolina]].<ref name="CBG">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=John Jackson|url=[http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays|title=Comics](http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays|title=Comics) Industry Birthdays|work=[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]|date=June 10, 2005|access-date=December 12, 2010}}</ref><ref name=tcj-obit>{{cite news|url=[http://www.tcj.com/murphy-anderson-1926-2015/|title=Murphy](http://www.tcj.com/murphy-anderson-1926-2015/|title=Murphy) Anderson, 1926 – 2015|author=Bill Schelly|date=October 27, 2015|work=[[The Comics Journal]]|publisher=[[Fantagraphics]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2015}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 6720ocxpy36rkw8zuwnizo3bw3h1od1 0 237784 1548714 2026-05-23T01:41:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Asadollah Nasr Esfahani''' ({alizaliwa 10 Februari 1927) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye wakati wa kipindi cha pili cha utawala wa Pahlavi alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali kama vile gavana wa Fars na Kerman, na pia [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]].<ref>[[Parviz Sabeti|Sabeti, Parviz]] (2011). In the wake of the accident. Los Angeles: Book Company.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=نصر اصفهانی،...' 1548714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asadollah Nasr Esfahani''' ({alizaliwa 10 Februari 1927) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye wakati wa kipindi cha pili cha utawala wa Pahlavi alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali kama vile gavana wa Fars na Kerman, na pia [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani]].<ref>[[Parviz Sabeti|Sabeti, Parviz]] (2011). In the wake of the accident. Los Angeles: Book Company.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=نصر اصفهانی، اسداله {{!}} Foundation for Iranian Studies |url=https://www.fis-iran.org/fa/oralhistory/Nasr-Esfahani-Asadollah |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=www.fis-iran.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] hmdaz1eimxx33s9wn6qdjw28vdghr85 0 237785 1548716 2026-05-23T01:44:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Lloyd Anderson''' (9 Mei 1926 – 12 Agosti 2018) alikuwa mwanasheria wa [[Marekani]] na mwanatheolojia wa The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), ambaye pia alikuwa profesa wa historia ya kanisa na mafundisho katika Brigham Young University (BYU). Kitabu chake *''Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses''* kinachukuliwa sana kuwa kazi ya msingi (definitive work) kuhusu mada ya Mashahidi wa Kitabu cha Mormoni.<ref>''Ch...' 1548716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Lloyd Anderson''' (9 Mei 1926 – 12 Agosti 2018) alikuwa mwanasheria wa [[Marekani]] na mwanatheolojia wa The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), ambaye pia alikuwa profesa wa historia ya kanisa na mafundisho katika Brigham Young University (BYU). Kitabu chake *''Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses''* kinachukuliwa sana kuwa kazi ya msingi (definitive work) kuhusu mada ya Mashahidi wa Kitabu cha Mormoni.<ref>''[[Church News]]'', November 18, 2006</ref> Anderson alikuwa ndugu wa Karl Ricks Anderson. == Maisha ya awali == Anderson alizaliwa [[Salt Lake City]] kwa wazazi Lloyd Anderson na mkewe Agnes Ricks. Baba yake alikuwa mtendaji wa matangazo (advertising executive) katika magazeti ya eneo hilo. Familia yake ilihama mara kadhaa, hivyo alisoma shule za sekondari katika miji ya [[Provo, Utah|Provo]], Ogden na Pocatello. == Huduma ya kijeshi == Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]], Anderson alihudumu katika United States Naval Air Corps.<ref name=cowan>{{cite news | title=A half century of modern Church expansion: 1947-97 | author=Hart, John L. | date=September 27, 1997 | work=[[Church News]] | publisher=[[Deseret News]] | location=Salt Lake City, Utah | url=[https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/1997-09-27/a-half-century-of-modern-church-expansion-1947-97-11382](https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/1997-09-27/a-half-century-of-modern-church-expansion-1947-97-11382) | accessdate=2009-02-24 }}</ref> Kwa sababu ya tatizo la meno (overbite), hakustahili kuwa rubani, hivyo alihudumu kama mtaalamu wa redio (radioman). Akiwa jeshini, alisoma kozi ya masafa (correspondence course) ya Agano Jipya kutoka BYU. Pia alishirikiana na wamisionari wa LDS Church kwa kuuliza kuhusu mbinu za kufundisha na kuhudhuria baadhi ya mafunzo yao, jambo lililochangia kuanzisha mtazamo wake wa baadaye kuhusu mbinu za kufundisha injili kwa utaratibu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] mi1a1f37lohkt9ksfrl9qufezth69eo 0 237786 1548717 2026-05-23T01:44:37Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Rachid Benhadj ('''[[Kiarabu]]: رشيد بن حج, alizaliwa mwezi, Julai [[1949]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu na [[mwandishi]] wa miswada ya filamu kutoka [[Aljeria]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa mjini [[Aljeri]], Benhadj alisomea usanifu majengo na sinema katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Paris-Saclay|Chuo Kikuu cha Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Globe Pequot Publishing Group|date=2026-05-05|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globe_Pequot_Publishing_Group&oldid=1352618832|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Alianza kazi yake kitaaluma kwa kufanya kazi katika Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne kama mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za makala.<ref>{{Citation|title=Globe Pequot Publishing Group|date=2026-05-05|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globe_Pequot_Publishing_Group&oldid=1352618832|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Filamu yake ya kwanza ya ''Louss'' (pia inajulikana kama ''Desert Rose'', 1989) ilipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wakosoaji wa filamu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=U0VVDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rachid+Benhadj+algeri+architecture&pg=PA30&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rachid%20Benhadj%20algeri%20architecture&f=false|title=Roots of the New Arab Film|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2018-01-06|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-03173-0|language=en}}</ref> Katika miaka ya [[1990]] aliamua kuahamia na kuishi [[Italia]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Kuanzia na filamu yake ya pili ya Touchia, filamu zake zilijihusisha zaidi kijamii na kisiasa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Pia ni [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]].<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 8olzc5h6pv78a7g4jsq1u56ldbyfg37 1549028 1548717 2026-05-23T11:41:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1549028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Rachid Benhadj''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: رشيد بن حج, alizaliwa Julai [[1949]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu na [[mwandishi]] wa miswada ya filamu kutoka [[Aljeria]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa mjini [[Aljeri]], Benhadj alisomea usanifu majengo na sinema katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Paris-Saclay|Chuo Kikuu cha Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Globe Pequot Publishing Group|date=2026-05-05|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globe_Pequot_Publishing_Group&oldid=1352618832|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Alianza kazi yake kitaaluma kwa kufanya kazi katika Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne kama mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za makala.<ref>{{Citation|title=Globe Pequot Publishing Group|date=2026-05-05|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globe_Pequot_Publishing_Group&oldid=1352618832|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Filamu yake ya kwanza ya ''Louss'' (pia inajulikana kama ''Desert Rose'', 1989) ilipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wakosoaji wa filamu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=U0VVDwAAQBAJ&dq=Rachid+Benhadj+algeri+architecture&pg=PA30&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Rachid%20Benhadj%20algeri%20architecture&f=false|title=Roots of the New Arab Film|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2018-01-06|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-03173-0|language=en}}</ref> Katika miaka ya [[1990]] aliamua kuahamia na kuishi [[Italia]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Kuanzia na filamu yake ya pili ya Touchia, filamu zake zilijihusisha zaidi kijamii na kisiasa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Pia ni [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]].<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:wasanii wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] fxfqnzmxvqmke13jhdhgoqqfwp3qf7t 0 237787 1548718 2026-05-23T01:44:43Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Iraj Eskandari''' (1907–1985) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa kikomunisti wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]], Eskandari alipata elimu ya Kifaransa.<ref name="bi">Behrooz, Maziar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ouuRaF5Ug1IC Rebels with a Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran]''. London: I.B. Tauris, 2000. p. 75</ref> Alikuwa [[Katibu Mkuu]] wa kwanza wa [[Chama cha Tudeh cha Iran]] (Tudeh Party of Iran) na pia mbunge.<...' 1548718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iraj Eskandari''' (1907–1985) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa kikomunisti wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Akiwa mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]], Eskandari alipata elimu ya Kifaransa.<ref name="bi">Behrooz, Maziar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ouuRaF5Ug1IC Rebels with a Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran]''. London: I.B. Tauris, 2000. p. 75</ref> Alikuwa [[Katibu Mkuu]] wa kwanza wa [[Chama cha Tudeh cha Iran]] (Tudeh Party of Iran) na pia mbunge.<ref>Ladjevardi, Habib. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3tNmb7yuS_EC Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran]''. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 56</ref> Katika kiangazi cha mwaka 1946, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Biashara na Viwanda katika [[Serikali ya mseto ya Ahmad Qavam|baraza la mawaziri la mseto la Qavam]].<ref>Ladjevardi, Habib. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3tNmb7yuS_EC Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran]''. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 141</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1985}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] qj3oz372qccec7pws4o8c3c66z86ox9 0 237788 1548719 2026-05-23T01:47:21Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Javad Fakoori''' ({{5 Februari 1938<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 1962 |title=JAVAD FAKOURI |url=https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/490774265_3972501719654269_4408104240624344560_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=0327a3&_nc_ohc=8UWxtbCNSdoQ7kNvwGBNKKc&_nc_oc=AdnXQHAKDthuDkzs6lWjjuZTwvItSuWXp3KWHZZE_9T67aDykS0vTXYC0rx2Xf3G4s1L6Xo7GN_50fdJlIIQkO21&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&_nc_gid=dBePEYfqOnXoBCYxrDUVig&_nc_ss=8&oh=00_AfsAaJGYbpvEWO...' 1548719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javad Fakoori''' ({{5 Februari 1938<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 1962 |title=JAVAD FAKOURI |url=https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/490774265_3972501719654269_4408104240624344560_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=0327a3&_nc_ohc=8UWxtbCNSdoQ7kNvwGBNKKc&_nc_oc=AdnXQHAKDthuDkzs6lWjjuZTwvItSuWXp3KWHZZE_9T67aDykS0vTXYC0rx2Xf3G4s1L6Xo7GN_50fdJlIIQkO21&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&_nc_gid=dBePEYfqOnXoBCYxrDUVig&_nc_ss=8&oh=00_AfsAaJGYbpvEWO8QehuwRYfXmBn2-daQLdY2o12isns1Pw&oe=69A86CE0 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]}}</ref> – 29 Septemba 1981) alikuwa [[Kanali]] wa jeshi la [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Ulinzi na Lojistiki ya Vikosi vya Ulinzi (Iran)|Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Iran]] kuanzia Septemba 1980 hadi Agosti 1981. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|1981}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 1hizq7t2ltxv72tw3y1q2ozdkjxht8c 1548924 1548719 2026-05-23T09:49:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javad Fakoori''' ({{5 Februari 1938<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=8 May 1962 |title=JAVAD FAKOURI |url=https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/490774265_3972501719654269_4408104240624344560_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=0327a3&_nc_ohc=8UWxtbCNSdoQ7kNvwGBNKKc&_nc_oc=AdnXQHAKDthuDkzs6lWjjuZTwvItSuWXp3KWHZZE_9T67aDykS0vTXYC0rx2Xf3G4s1L6Xo7GN_50fdJlIIQkO21&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&_nc_gid=dBePEYfqOnXoBCYxrDUVig&_nc_ss=8&oh=00_AfsAaJGYbpvEWO8QehuwRYfXmBn2-daQLdY2o12isns1Pw&oe=69A86CE0 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]}}</ref> – 29 Septemba 1981) alikuwa [[Kanali]] wa jeshi la [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Ulinzi na Lojistiki ya Vikosi vya Ulinzi (Iran)|Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Iran]] kuanzia Septemba 1980 hadi Agosti 1981. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|1981}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] hbdahr2l4so93k3u3v2qb4o0352t49r 0 237789 1548720 2026-05-23T01:52:59Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Appell''' (24 Machi 1922 – 18 Novemba 2014)<ref name="Legacy">{{Cite web|url=[https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID](https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID) APPELL Obituary (2014) - Cherry Hill, NJ - Philadelphia Inquirer/Philadelphia Daily News|website=Legacy.com|access-date=13 Agosti 2021}}</ref> alikuwa mwanamuziki wa [[Marekani]], mpangaji wa muziki...' 1548720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Appell''' (24 Machi 1922 – 18 Novemba 2014)<ref name="Legacy">{{Cite web|url=[https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID](https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID) APPELL Obituary (2014) - Cherry Hill, NJ - Philadelphia Inquirer/Philadelphia Daily News|website=Legacy.com|access-date=13 Agosti 2021}}</ref> alikuwa mwanamuziki wa [[Marekani]], mpangaji wa muziki (arranger) na mtayarishaji wa rekodi (record producer) aliyezaliwa mjini [[Philadelphia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Appell alijijengea taaluma katika tasnia ya muziki ya Marekani kama mpangaji na mtayarishaji wa nyimbo, akichangia katika utengenezaji na upangaji wa muziki wa wasanii mbalimbali. Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kupanga (arranging) muziki kwa ajili ya kurekodiwa studio, jambo lililosaidia kuunda sauti za kipekee katika rekodi nyingi za kipindi chake. Akiwa Philadelphia, alihusishwa na mazingira ya muziki wa pop na studio za kurekodi, ambapo alifanya kazi na wasanii na watunzi mbalimbali katika karne ya 20. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 5bxl7el4itukscum38iixajnci7hleb 1548880 1548720 2026-05-23T08:36:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Appell''' (24 Machi 1922 – 18 Novemba 2014)<ref name="Legacy">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID](https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/philly/obituary.aspx?pid=173215363|title=DAVID) APPELL Obituary (2014) - Cherry Hill, NJ - Philadelphia Inquirer/Philadelphia Daily News|website=Legacy.com|access-date=13 Agosti 2021}}</ref> alikuwa mwanamuziki wa [[Marekani]], mpangaji wa muziki (arranger) na mtayarishaji wa rekodi (record producer) aliyezaliwa mjini [[Philadelphia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Appell alijijengea taaluma katika tasnia ya muziki ya Marekani kama mpangaji na mtayarishaji wa nyimbo, akichangia katika utengenezaji na upangaji wa muziki wa wasanii mbalimbali. Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kupanga (arranging) muziki kwa ajili ya kurekodiwa studio, jambo lililosaidia kuunda sauti za kipekee katika rekodi nyingi za kipindi chake. Akiwa Philadelphia, alihusishwa na mazingira ya muziki wa pop na studio za kurekodi, ambapo alifanya kazi na wasanii na watunzi mbalimbali katika karne ya 20. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] d1mshhs339imvvg6tvmtgit5qm8mbmp 0 237790 1548721 2026-05-23T01:55:39Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abderrahim Mettour''' ni mtengenezaji wa filamu na mhariri kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Mettour Abderrahim|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=14288|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Abderrahim Mettour|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/abderrahim-mettour/14288|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ardèche Images – Lussas – États généraux du film documentaire & École documentaire de Lussas|url=https://ardecheimages.org/|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Télérama - Actus et critiques culturelles en France et dans le monde|url=https://www.telerama.fr/|work=www.telerama.fr|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref> == Filamu == * Filamu ya Casanayda! (with Farida Benlyazid) ya mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=bdnEEew4qhcC&dq=Abderrahim+METTOUR&pg=PA67&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Abderrahim%20METTOUR&f=false|title=Screens and Veils: Maghrebi Women's Cinema|last=Martin|first=Florence|date=2011-10-13|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00565-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ournées de l’Afrique méditerranéenne à Montréal: Projection du documentaire « Casanayda »|url=https://www.atlasmedias.com/2012/04/ournees-de-lafrique-mediterraneenne-a-montreal-projection-du-documentaire-casanayda/|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=WMsTiP8rTsUC&dq=Abderrahim+METTOUR&pg=PA175&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Abderrahim%20METTOUR&f=false|title=Contemporary Morocco: State, Politics and Society Under Mohammmed VI|last=Maddy-Weitzman|first=Bruce|last2=Zisenwine|first2=Daniel|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-69546-6|language=en}}</ref> * Filamu ya Nuba of Gold and Light ya mwaka 2007. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] qe50n4i5t3m1bivmqfdkzko6outqvqc 0 237791 1548722 2026-05-23T01:57:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Ali Foroughi''' (mapema Agosti 1877<ref name="maghalat-birth">{{citation|last=Zoka-ol-Molk|first=Mohammad Ali|year=2009|title=Maghalat-e Foroughi|script-title=fa:مقالات فروغi|publisher=Tous|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=978-964-315-091-4|url=https://archive.org/details/maghalat-foroughi/page/n12|page=هشت|quote=در اوایل دههٔ سوم جمادی الآخره ۱۲۹۴ قمری (۱۲۵۶ شمسی و ۱۸۷۷ می...' 1548722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Ali Foroughi''' (mapema Agosti 1877<ref name="maghalat-birth">{{citation|last=Zoka-ol-Molk|first=Mohammad Ali|year=2009|title=Maghalat-e Foroughi|script-title=fa:مقالات فروغi|publisher=Tous|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=978-964-315-091-4|url=https://archive.org/details/maghalat-foroughi/page/n12|page=هشت|quote=در اوایل دههٔ سوم جمادی الآخره ۱۲۹۴ قمری (۱۲۵۶ شمسی و ۱۸۷۷ میلادی) متولد شده‌ام}}</ref><ref name="iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|article = FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK|last1 = Afshar|first1 = Iraj|last2=Azimi|first2=Fakhreddin|article-url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/forugi-mohammad-ali|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume= X, Fasc. 1|pages = 108–112|date = 31 January 2012|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref name="mosaheb">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[The Persian Encyclopedia]]|script-encyclopedia=fa:دایرةالمعارف فارسی|editor-last=Mosaheb|editor-first=Gholamhossein |editor-link=Gholamhossein Mosaheb|title=Forughi, Mohammad Ali|script-title=fa:فروغی، محمدعلی|year=2008|volume=2, Part 1|language=fa|page=1887|isbn=978-964-303-046-9|quote=جمادی الثانی ۱۲۹۴ ﻫق}}</ref> – 26<ref name="iranica"/> au 27<ref name="maghalat-death">{{citation|last=Zoka-ol-Molk|first=Mohammad Ali|year=2009|title=Maghalat-e Foroughi|script-title=fa:مقالات فروغی|publisher=Tous|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=978-964-315-091-4|url=https://archive.org/details/maghalat-foroughi/page/n22|page=هجده|quote=وفات فروغی که در شب جمعهٔ ششم آذرماه ۱۳۲۱ اتفاق افتاد}}</ref><ref name="si-khatere">{{citation|last=Hekmat|first=Ali-Asghar|title=Si Khatere az Asr-e Farkhonde-ye Pahlavi|script-title=fa:سی خاطره از عصر فرخندهٔ پهلوی|year=1976|publisher=Pars|url=https://archive.org/details/30Khatereh/page/n21|access-date=2019-11-27|page=15|quote=بتاریخ‌جمعهٔ ششم‌آذر۱۳۲۱ ساعت ده‌ بعدازظهر دوست دانشمند و بزرگوار، بلکه رئیس عالی‌مقام و استاد ارجمندم، محمدعلی فروغی (ذُکاءُالمُلک دوم) دراثر بیماری ممتد قلبی جهان را بدرود گفت}}</ref><ref name="ettehad-death">{{citation|last=Ettehad|first=Houshang|year=2000|title=Pazhuheshgaran-e Moaser-e Iran|script-title=fa:پژوهشگران معاصر ایران|trans-title=Contemporary Scholars of Iran|publisher=Farhang Moaser|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=964-5545-43-9|page=79|quote=جمعه، ۶ آذر سال ۱۳۲۱ ش، ساعت ده بعداز ظهر، محمدعلی فروغی، ذُکاءُالمُلک دوم، در اثر بیماری مmtد قلبی، جهان را بدرود گفت}}</ref> Novemba 1942), pia akijulikana kama '''Zoka-ol-Molk''' (Kiajemi: ذُکاءُالمُلک), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwandishi, mwanachama wa Freemason,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-24 |title=خبرگزاری فارس - "محمد علي فروغي"ناجي سلسله پهلوي و چراغدار لژ فراماسونري |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/news/8711051611%20%20%20%20/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A-%D9%88-%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%DA%98-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=خبرگزاری فارس}}</ref> mfuasi wa [[Uazali]] (Azalism),<ref>Turaj Amini, ''Gofteman Iran'', No. 164, December 2, 2008. [http://www.goftman-iran.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1138&Itemid=12].</ref> na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kwa vipindi vitatu, akiwa Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jaberi |first1=Arash |last2=Gharadaghi |first2=Masomeh |last3=Taleei Gharah Gheshlagh |first3=Aziz |last4=Samadivand |first4=Manocher |date=Winter 2024 |title=Explaining the role and beliefs of Mohammad Ali Foroughi in domestic and foreign policy during the prime ministership |url=https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_196051_df5ae8769673f3b39badd83de3a1294b.pdf?lang=en |journal=International Relations Research Quarterly |volume=13 |issue=3 |publisher=International Relations Researches |pages=281-309 |doi=10.22034/irr.2023.406713.2412 |access-date=April 26, 2026}}</ref> Aliandika vitabu vingi kuhusu historia ya kale ya Iran na anafahamika kwa kuanzisha [[Chuo cha Lugha na Fasihi cha Iran]] (Academy of Iran).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/97060603209/با-محمدعلی-فروغی-بیشتر-آشنا-شوید|title=با "محمدعلی فروغی" بیشتر آشنا شوید|date=2018-08-28|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.todaytime.ir/events/58-مرگ-محمدعلی-فروغی-سیاستمدار-و-نخست-وزیر-رژیم-پهلوی|title=مرگ محمدعلی فروغی سیاستمدار و نخست وزیر رژیم پهلوی|website=ساعت و تقویم روز ایران|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1942}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii: Quran]] d8vpnpjq32l1e5yjldh2xrod8ao4pgx 0 237792 1548723 2026-05-23T01:57:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Eric Armstrong''' (amezaliwa 23 Novemba 1973) ni mwuaji mfululizo kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuua wanawake watano wanaojihusisha na ukahaba katika [[Detroit]], Michigan, mwaka 2000. Alikiri pia kutekeleza mauaji mengine mwaka 1991 na mauaji kumi na moja ya ziada kati ya mwaka 1992 hadi 1997, ingawa mauaji hayo hayakuthibitishwa rasmi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-26 |title=Serial killer who lived in Dearborn Heights featured...' 1548723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Eric Armstrong''' (amezaliwa 23 Novemba 1973) ni mwuaji mfululizo kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuua wanawake watano wanaojihusisha na ukahaba katika [[Detroit]], Michigan, mwaka 2000. Alikiri pia kutekeleza mauaji mengine mwaka 1991 na mauaji kumi na moja ya ziada kati ya mwaka 1992 hadi 1997, ingawa mauaji hayo hayakuthibitishwa rasmi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-26 |title=Serial killer who lived in Dearborn Heights featured on new docuseries |url=[https://arabamericannews.com/2022/01/26/serial-killer-who-lived-in-dearborn-heights-featured-on-new-docuseries/](https://arabamericannews.com/2022/01/26/serial-killer-who-lived-in-dearborn-heights-featured-on-new-docuseries/) |access-date= |website=[[The Arab American News]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] esfzdcwcm3ak3eqihjbp5r4gjdpzx2c 1548955 1548723 2026-05-23T09:56:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Eric Armstrong''' (amezaliwa 23 Novemba 1973) ni mwuaji mfululizo kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alipatikana na hatia ya kuua wanawake watano wanaojihusisha na ukahaba katika [[Detroit]], Michigan, mwaka 2000. Alikiri pia kutekeleza mauaji mengine mwaka 1991 na mauaji kumi na moja ya ziada kati ya mwaka 1992 hadi 1997, ingawa mauaji hayo hayakuthibitishwa rasmi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-01-26 |title=Serial killer who lived in Dearborn Heights featured on new docuseries |url=[https://arabamericannews.com/2022/01/26/serial-killer-who-lived-in-dearborn-heights-featured-on-new-docuseries/](https://arabamericannews.com/2022/01/26/serial-killer-who-lived-in-dearborn-heights-featured-on-new-docuseries/) |access-date= |website=[[The Arab American News]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ii8qt0rc9fpwful94rxfot5gbczqjtg 0 237793 1548725 2026-05-23T02:01:24Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohsen Foroughi''' (14 Mei 1907 – 6 Oktoba 1983)<ref>[https://tafit.ir/12858/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C/ محسن فروغی] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> alikuwa msanifu majengo (architect) wa [[Irani|Iran]], na mmoja wa waasisi wa [[Chama cha Wasanifu Majengo wa Iran]] (Association of Iranian Architects) mnamo mwaka 1945 ambacho kilikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa.<ref name=mohajeri>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0b...' 1548725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohsen Foroughi''' (14 Mei 1907 – 6 Oktoba 1983)<ref>[https://tafit.ir/12858/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C/ محسن فروغی] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> alikuwa msanifu majengo (architect) wa [[Irani|Iran]], na mmoja wa waasisi wa [[Chama cha Wasanifu Majengo wa Iran]] (Association of Iranian Architects) mnamo mwaka 1945 ambacho kilikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa.<ref name=mohajeri>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bJjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT197 |page=197 |title=Architectures of Transversality: Paul Klee, Louis Kahn and the Persian Imagination |first=Shima |last=Mohajeri |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=9781351759748}}</ref> Anafahamika zaidi kwa kusanifu [[Ikulu ya Niavaran]] (Niavaran Palace), aliyoibuni mnamo mwaka 1958 kama makazi rasmi ya [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] na ilitumiwa hadi yalipotokea [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Niavaran Palace Complex |url=http://www.caoi.ir/en/projects/item/235-niavaran-palace-complex.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914052233/http://www.caoi.ir/en/projects/item/235-niavaran-palace-complex.html |archive-date=September 14, 2025 |access-date=March 8, 2026 |website=Contemporary Architecture of Iran}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1983}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] klap79wjm1n2e6zbh3z1oxv30wcrhmc 0 237794 1548726 2026-05-23T02:01:24Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Wesley Ashby''' (2 Aprili 1944 – 1 Juni 1967) alikuwa msaidizi wa afya wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] (United States Navy) mwenye cheo cha Afisa wa huduma ya afya wa kijeshi ambaye baada ya kifo chake alitunukiwa medali ya Navy Cross, ambayo ni tuzo ya pili kwa juu ya ujasiri vitani katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. Alitunukiwa tuzo hiyo kutokana na matendo yake wakati wa [[Vita vya Vietnam]]. Aliuawa akiwa anawasaidia wanajeshi wa Jes...' 1548726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Wesley Ashby''' (2 Aprili 1944 – 1 Juni 1967) alikuwa msaidizi wa afya wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] (United States Navy) mwenye cheo cha Afisa wa huduma ya afya wa kijeshi ambaye baada ya kifo chake alitunukiwa medali ya Navy Cross, ambayo ni tuzo ya pili kwa juu ya ujasiri vitani katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. Alitunukiwa tuzo hiyo kutokana na matendo yake wakati wa [[Vita vya Vietnam]]. Aliuawa akiwa anawasaidia wanajeshi wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani (Marines) waliojeruhiwa chini ya mashambulizi ya adui.<ref name="virtualwall">{{cite web |title=The Virtual Wall – James W. Ashby |url=[https://www.virtualwall.org/da/AshbyJW01a.htm](https://www.virtualwall.org/da/AshbyJW01a.htm) |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|1967}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 9dja6rixgs53fmrf5k52635ez2vtqrx 1549029 1548726 2026-05-23T11:44:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[James Ashby (Afisa wa huduma ya afya wa kijeshi)]] hadi [[James Ashby (afisa afya wa kijeshi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1548726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Wesley Ashby''' (2 Aprili 1944 – 1 Juni 1967) alikuwa msaidizi wa afya wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] (United States Navy) mwenye cheo cha Afisa wa huduma ya afya wa kijeshi ambaye baada ya kifo chake alitunukiwa medali ya Navy Cross, ambayo ni tuzo ya pili kwa juu ya ujasiri vitani katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. Alitunukiwa tuzo hiyo kutokana na matendo yake wakati wa [[Vita vya Vietnam]]. Aliuawa akiwa anawasaidia wanajeshi wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani (Marines) waliojeruhiwa chini ya mashambulizi ya adui.<ref name="virtualwall">{{cite web |title=The Virtual Wall – James W. Ashby |url=[https://www.virtualwall.org/da/AshbyJW01a.htm](https://www.virtualwall.org/da/AshbyJW01a.htm) |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|1967}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 9dja6rixgs53fmrf5k52635ez2vtqrx 0 237795 1548728 2026-05-23T02:06:26Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abbas Karim Gharabaghi''' (9 Februari 1918 – 13 Oktoba 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fichier des personnes décédées (Décès) - data.gouv.fr |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/fichier-des-personnes-decedees/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.data.gouv.fr |language=fr}}</ref> alikuwa jenerali wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alikuwa mkuu wa mwisho wa majeshi ya ulinzi ya Iran, pamoja na kuwa naibu kamanda mkuu wa [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] chini y...' 1548728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbas Karim Gharabaghi''' (9 Februari 1918 – 13 Oktoba 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fichier des personnes décédées (Décès) - data.gouv.fr |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/fichier-des-personnes-decedees/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.data.gouv.fr |language=fr}}</ref> alikuwa jenerali wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alikuwa mkuu wa mwisho wa majeshi ya ulinzi ya Iran, pamoja na kuwa naibu kamanda mkuu wa [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], [[Shah]] wa mwisho wa Iran. Gharabaghi alikuwa mmoja wa maafisa wakuu wawili wa kijeshi ambao hawakukamatwa na kuuawa na Baraza la Mapinduzi la Kiislamu. Akishirikiana na Fardoost, alilishawishi jeshi kuchukua msimamo wa kutosimamia upande wowote (neutral position), kwani alikuwa na uhusiano na vikosi vya Mapinduzi pamoja na vile vya ushushushu vya kigeni. <ref>{{cite thesis|author=John M. Smith|title=Where was the Shah's Army?|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA093770.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804203843/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA093770.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=4 August 2021|location=US Army Command and General Staff College|degree=Master of Military Art and Science|date=June 1980}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] mdrkglvzmztq4eqjgz9tls3aps5gfnb 0 237796 1548729 2026-05-23T02:07:38Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Younes Reggab''' (alizaliwa [[1975]]) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Younes Reggab : Une passion nommée cinéma|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/younes-reggab-une-passion-nommee-cinema-89920|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|date=2008-11-20|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR|author=Amine Harmach}}</ref><ref>https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10156</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu anayeitwa Mohamed Reggab. Filamu zake zimeonyeshwa katika sherehe nyingi za filamu za [[Moroko]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - La 10ème édition du festival national du film (Tanger 2008)|url=https://africine.org/reportage/la-10eme-edition-du-festival-national-du-film-tanger-2008/8292|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=M.O|title=Younes Reggab remporte le Grand prix du Festival du cinéma en plein air de Taza|url=https://www.libe.ma/Younes-Reggab-remporte-le-Grand-prix-du-Festival-du-cinema-en-plein-air-de-Taza_a104765.html|work=Libération|language=fr|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=filmnat14|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf16/feuilles.html|work=www.ccm.ma|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> na amekuwa sehemu ya majaji wa baadhi yao.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11è édition du festival Ciné-Université : Younès Reggab préside le jury de la compétition officielle des ciné-clubs :|url=https://fr.le7tv.ma/2021/09/23/11e-edition-du-festival-cine-universite-younes-reggab-preside-le-jury-de-la-competition-officielle-des-cine-clubs/|work=Le7tv.ma|date=2021-09-23|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 2f0bu1zsslq0z6vr3op6tgxvvdk638e 0 237797 1548730 2026-05-23T02:09:10Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud''' (Kisomali: ''Xuseen Maxamed Maxamuud''), anayejulikana pia kama Hussein Hog, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Juni 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <refer...' 1548730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud''' (Kisomali: ''Xuseen Maxamed Maxamuud''), anayejulikana pia kama Hussein Hog, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Juni 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 7p6n1w0jtth62qejmozr5eexuvkr15x 1548909 1548730 2026-05-23T09:36:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud''' (Kisomali: ''Xuseen Maxamed Maxamuud''), anayejulikana pia kama Hussein Hog, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Juni 2013.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] fkt001acyhagllhayo6gwylspxerdnh 0 237798 1548731 2026-05-23T02:13:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdishakur Mohamoud Hassan Iddin''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdishakuur Maxamuud Xasan Ciddin'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Meya]] wa Berbera, Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Redirecting...|url=http://somalilandhorta.com/?p=48211|work=somalilandhorta.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]]' 1548731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdishakur Mohamoud Hassan Iddin''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdishakuur Maxamuud Xasan Ciddin'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Meya]] wa Berbera, Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Redirecting...|url=http://somalilandhorta.com/?p=48211|work=somalilandhorta.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] mlrtk9ah6ubhzs4kbcxf4wgwburxvcn 0 237799 1548732 2026-05-23T02:16:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jama Haji Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Xaaji Axmed'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Gavana]] wa mkoa wa Maroodi Jeex wa Somaliland tangu [[Januari]] 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-23|la...' 1548732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jama Haji Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Xaaji Axmed'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Gavana]] wa mkoa wa Maroodi Jeex wa Somaliland tangu [[Januari]] 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/marodijeh-governor-ends-communal-land-dispute/|work=www.somaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 85w95z7qrh78aei041k8bsm5u929bkh 1548915 1548732 2026-05-23T09:46:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jama Haji Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Jaamac Xaaji Axmed'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Gavana]] wa mkoa wa Maroodi Jeex wa Somaliland tangu [[Januari]] 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Appoints Regional Governors, Presidency Spokesperson|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-bihi-appoints-regional-governors-presidency-spokesperson/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2018-01-29|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/marodijeh-governor-ends-communal-land-dispute/|work=www.somaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 7xb1erzvol8i449hvn7mq4kfp8nq2fe 0 237800 1548734 2026-05-23T02:20:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdiqani Mohamoud Jidhe''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiqani Maxamuud Jiidhe'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Gebiley wa Somaliland tangu Novemba 2021. Hapo awali, alikuwa [[Gavana]] wa mkoa wa Sool wa Somaliland kuanzia Januari 2019 hadi Novemba 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Sool’s Governor Conducts Inspection Tour Through Lasanod Public Hospital|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/sools-governor-cond...' 1548734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdiqani Mohamoud Jidhe''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdiqani Maxamuud Jiidhe'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Gavana wa mkoa wa Gebiley wa Somaliland tangu Novemba 2021. Hapo awali, alikuwa [[Gavana]] wa mkoa wa Sool wa Somaliland kuanzia Januari 2019 hadi Novemba 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: Sool’s Governor Conducts Inspection Tour Through Lasanod Public Hospital|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/sools-governor-conducts-inspection-tour-through-lasanod-public-hospital/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-11-11|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> Baadaye alihamishiwa kuwa Gavana wa Gebiley, nafasi ambayo bado anahudumu nayo tangu mwaka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heads of Somaliland Insurance Agency held a meeting with Gabiley Elders|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/heads-of-somaliland-insurance-agency-held-a-meeting-with-gabiley-elders/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2022-10-05|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] i56dc371e39hpuor0v4brvgycakn15f 0 237801 1548735 2026-05-23T02:27:14Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdirisak Khalif Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Khaliif Axmed'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Spika]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Somaliland. Hapo awali pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Biashara wa Somaliland katika utawala wa Siilaanyo. Katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa Somaliland wa mwaka 2021, Abdirisak kutoka chama kikuu cha upinzani cha Waddani alishinda duru ya kwanza ya kura kwa kupata kura 42, akimshinda mpinzani wake Yasin Haj...' 1548735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdirisak Khalif Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Khaliif Axmed'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Spika]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Somaliland. Hapo awali pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Biashara wa Somaliland katika utawala wa Siilaanyo. Katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa Somaliland wa mwaka 2021, Abdirisak kutoka chama kikuu cha upinzani cha Waddani alishinda duru ya kwanza ya kura kwa kupata kura 42, akimshinda mpinzani wake Yasin Haji Mohamoud Hiir maarufu kama “Faratoon” kutoka chama tawala cha Kulmiye aliyepata kura 39. Mnamo Juni 2023, Abdirisak alijiuzulu nafasi ya Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi na kujiunga na [[utawala]] wa SSC-Khatumo, ambao ulitaka kurejea Somalia kama jimbo lenye mamlaka ya kujitawala wakati wa mgogoro wa Las Anod. Awali alikuwa ametumwa katika eneo hilo kusaidia mazungumzo ya kumaliza mapigano, lakini baadaye aliunga mkono viongozi wa SSC-Khatumo na kuishutumu [[jeshi]] la Somaliland kwa uhalifu wa kivita. Kufuatia kauli hizo, Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Somaliland alianzisha mashtaka dhidi yake. Anatajwa kuwa afisa wa ngazi ya juu zaidi wa Somaliland kujiondoa upande wa serikali wakati wa mgogoro huo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland parliament speaker resigns, joins SCC-Khatumo administration|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/Jun/191756/somaliland_parliament_speaker_resigns_joins_scc_khatumo_administration.aspx|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland army accused of war crimes in Las Anod, says Parliament Speaker|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/Feb/190095/somaliland_army_accused_of_war_crimes_in_las_anod_says_parliament_speaker.aspx|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] trd8tqhmt0rdmeqosgzybbkmj8wuhq2 0 237802 1548736 2026-05-23T02:30:09Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Chraïbi''' (alizaliwa mwezi Aprili, [[1961]] huko [[Casablanca]]) ni mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]], mtayarishaji<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=PByNqtLQo8QC&dq=omar+chraibi&pg=PA239&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=omar%20chraibi&f=false|title=What Moroccan Cinema?: A Historical and Critical Study, 1956D2006|last=Carter|first=Sandra Gayle|date=2009-08-16|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3187-9|language=en}}</ref> na [[mwandishi]] wa filamu kutoka [[Moroko]],.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Chraïbi Omar|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7168|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=:: CENTRE CINEMATOGRAPHIQUE MAROCAIN ::|url=https://www.ccm.ma/cineaste-23|work=www.ccm.ma|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Télérama - Actus et critiques culturelles en France et dans le monde|url=https://www.telerama.fr/|work=www.telerama.fr|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref> == Wasifu == Chraïbi alizaliwa mjini [[Casablanca]]. Alipata [[Shahada ya Awali]] katika fasihi huko Casablanca mwaka [[1984]], kisha akasomea upigaji picha<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=yFJnRzJ8HuMC&dq=omar+chraibi&pg=PA144&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=omar%20chraibi&f=false|title=African Filmmaking: North and South of the Sahara|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-34853-1|language=en}}</ref> katika Institut Communal des Arts et Décoratifs et Industriels. Aliendelea kupata shahada ya uzamili katika sayansi na mbinu za mawasiliano huko Grenoble mwaka 1986, kisha Shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Juu katika sinema huko Paris, kabla ya kukamilisha kozi ya mafunzo katika FEMIS. Yeye ni kaka wa Saâd Chraïbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=o3E_tmPLCUAC&dq=omar+chraibi&pg=PA77&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=omar%20chraibi&f=false|title=Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2005-02-23|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21744-8|language=en}}</ref> Amekuwa meneja wa kitengo cha uzalishaji wa filamu nyingi za kigeni zilizorekodiwa nchini Moroko, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''The Bourne Ultimatum'', ''Green Zone'', ''Body of Lies'' na ''Syriana''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Omar Chraibi|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bd7548afd|work=BFI|language=en|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] iaya5wgt8cmh79hx4dtpplikmyj40ae 0 237803 1548737 2026-05-23T02:30:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Hussein Maidane''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xuseen Maydhane'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuwa [[Meya]] wa Borama, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland. == Kazi == Maidane ni mwanachama wa chama cha Kulmiye (Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo), chama tawala cha Somaliland. Alichaguliwa kuwa meya tarehe 24 Juni 2015 na madiwani 13 wa [[manispaa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Borama elects new Mayor & Deputy Mayor|url=http://www....' 1548737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hussein Maidane''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xuseen Maydhane'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuwa [[Meya]] wa Borama, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland. == Kazi == Maidane ni mwanachama wa chama cha Kulmiye (Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo), chama tawala cha Somaliland. Alichaguliwa kuwa meya tarehe 24 Juni 2015 na madiwani 13 wa [[manispaa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Borama elects new Mayor & Deputy Mayor|url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/borama-elects-new-mayor-deputy-mayor/|work=www.somalilandinformer.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] jkljy78yvgqqc7cmt07rwbdgfbuut2k 1549045 1548737 2026-05-23T11:58:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hussein Maidane''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xuseen Maydhane'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuwa [[Meya]] wa Borama, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland. == Kazi == Maidane ni mwanachama wa chama cha Kulmiye (Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo), chama tawala cha Somaliland. Alichaguliwa kuwa meya tarehe 24 Juni 2015 na madiwani 13 wa [[manispaa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Borama elects new Mayor & Deputy Mayor|url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/borama-elects-new-mayor-deputy-mayor/|work=www.somalilandinformer.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] tixipdy2ydyln2woj39qe6rfi6kf5ed 0 237804 1548739 2026-05-23T02:33:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Haji Adan Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaaji Aadan Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mahusiano ya [[Bunge]] na Masuala ya [[Katiba]] wa Somaliland tangu Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland Minister Repudiates embarking on covert trip to Israel|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-minister-repudiates-embarking-on-covert-trip-to-israel/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-03-31|acc...' 1548739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Haji Adan Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaaji Aadan Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mahusiano ya [[Bunge]] na Masuala ya [[Katiba]] wa Somaliland tangu Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland Minister Repudiates embarking on covert trip to Israel|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-minister-repudiates-embarking-on-covert-trip-to-israel/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-03-31|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Xidhiidhka Golayaasha oo ka Hadlay Mihiimada ay leeday Barashadda Dastuurku {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/02/10/wasiirka-xidhiidhka-golayaasha-oo-ka-hadlay-mihiimada-ay-leeday-barashadda-dastuurku/|date=2020-02-10|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] rdofyxz6hyecqv0pwh8h3drv1vxfkvs 1549042 1548739 2026-05-23T11:57:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Haji Adan Elmi''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xaaji Aadan Cilmi'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mahusiano ya [[Bunge]] na Masuala ya [[Katiba]] wa Somaliland tangu Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland Minister Repudiates embarking on covert trip to Israel|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-minister-repudiates-embarking-on-covert-trip-to-israel/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-03-31|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasiirka Xidhiidhka Golayaasha oo ka Hadlay Mihiimada ay leeday Barashadda Dastuurku {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2020/02/10/wasiirka-xidhiidhka-golayaasha-oo-ka-hadlay-mihiimada-ay-leeday-barashadda-dastuurku/|date=2020-02-10|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 12sh4qxdl4tllykzw9r450qljef16zy 0 237805 1548742 2026-05-23T02:36:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniel Kenneth Rothbart''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 29]], [[1966]], [[Stanford, California]]), ni [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi katika uchoraji, na uchapishaji. Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika matunzio na makumbusho ya kimataifa.<ref>[Note 1] {{Cite journal|title=Daniel Rothbart, Lee Arthur Studio|journal=Artforum International|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/199503/daniel-rothbart-56525|last=Ash|first=John|date=2 M...' 1548742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Kenneth Rothbart''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 29]], [[1966]], [[Stanford, California]]), ni [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi katika uchoraji, na uchapishaji. Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika matunzio na makumbusho ya kimataifa.<ref>[Note 1] {{Cite journal|title=Daniel Rothbart, Lee Arthur Studio|journal=Artforum International|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/199503/daniel-rothbart-56525|last=Ash|first=John|date=2 March 1995 |issue=March 1995}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h2a84btkx445h5eczpr377khsj8rnj1 1548875 1548742 2026-05-23T08:34:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Kenneth Rothbart''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 29]], [[1966]], [[Stanford, California]]), ni [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi katika uchoraji, na uchapishaji. Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika matunzio na makumbusho ya kimataifa.<ref>[Note 1] {{Rejea jarida|title=Daniel Rothbart, Lee Arthur Studio|journal=Artforum International|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/199503/daniel-rothbart-56525|last=Ash|first=John|date=2 March 1995 |issue=March 1995}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] onrviswucphr9j43p2cjdho64ix4nnw 0 237806 1548743 2026-05-23T02:37:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Hersi Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xirsi Axmed''), anayejulikana pia kama Mohamed ‘Ase’, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kisomali mwenye asili ya Uswidi na Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa ni Meya wa Burao, Somaliland, alichaguliwa tarehe 16 Desemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland’s Burao Local Council Elects Mohamed Ase as New Mayor – CBATV|url=https://cbatv.net/news/somalilands-burao-local-council-elects-mohamed-ase-as-new-mayor/|accessdate=2026...' 1548743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hersi Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xirsi Axmed''), anayejulikana pia kama Mohamed ‘Ase’, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kisomali mwenye asili ya Uswidi na Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa ni Meya wa Burao, Somaliland, alichaguliwa tarehe 16 Desemba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland’s Burao Local Council Elects Mohamed Ase as New Mayor – CBATV|url=https://cbatv.net/news/somalilands-burao-local-council-elects-mohamed-ase-as-new-mayor/|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US|author=Hussein Jama}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Mohamed alichaguliwa kwa kura 7 dhidi ya 6 na Baraza la [[Mji]] wa Burao tarehe 16 Desemba 2023, pamoja na Suldan Jama Nuh ambaye aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Meya. Uchaguzi huo ulifanyika baada ya [[meya]] wa awali Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi kusimamishwa kazi kufuatia malalamiko ya muda mrefu kutoka kwa madiwani. Mohamed anaelezewa kama mtu mtulivu, wa kidini, na mwenye tabia ya kufanya mambo kwa utaratibu. Ni raia aliyewahi kuishi Sweden kwa muda kabla ya kurejea Somaliland. Inakadiriwa kuwa ana umri wa zaidi ya miaka hamsini, na alikua mjumbe wa baraza la mji wa Burco baada ya kuchaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa Somaliland wa mwaka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maxaa ka jira in Maayarka cusub ee Burco uu ku dhacay hoolkii lagu doortay|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c872l53lzpvo|work=BBC News Somali|date=2023-12-16|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=so}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] eaog1mntmrjbo7075yneqmbeixja1t3 1549046 1548743 2026-05-23T11:58:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hersi Ahmed''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xirsi Axmed''), anayejulikana pia kama Mohamed ‘Ase’, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kisomali mwenye asili ya Uswidi na Somaliland ambaye kwa sasa ni Meya wa Burao, Somaliland, alichaguliwa tarehe 16 Desemba 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland’s Burao Local Council Elects Mohamed Ase as New Mayor – CBATV|url=https://cbatv.net/news/somalilands-burao-local-council-elects-mohamed-ase-as-new-mayor/|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US|author=Hussein Jama}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Mohamed alichaguliwa kwa kura 7 dhidi ya 6 na Baraza la [[Mji]] wa Burao tarehe 16 Desemba 2023, pamoja na Suldan Jama Nuh ambaye aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Meya. Uchaguzi huo ulifanyika baada ya [[meya]] wa awali Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi kusimamishwa kazi kufuatia malalamiko ya muda mrefu kutoka kwa madiwani. Mohamed anaelezewa kama mtu mtulivu, wa kidini, na mwenye tabia ya kufanya mambo kwa utaratibu. Ni raia aliyewahi kuishi Sweden kwa muda kabla ya kurejea Somaliland. Inakadiriwa kuwa ana umri wa zaidi ya miaka hamsini, na alikua mjumbe wa baraza la mji wa Burco baada ya kuchaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa [[serikali]] za mitaa wa Somaliland wa mwaka 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maxaa ka jira in Maayarka cusub ee Burco uu ku dhacay hoolkii lagu doortay|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c872l53lzpvo|work=BBC News Somali|date=2023-12-16|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=so}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] netv1a40wawlfgfg9jhjg9ky76bz9fr 0 237807 1548744 2026-05-23T02:42:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohamed Ahmed Mohamoud Awad''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Maxamuud Cawad'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Uhamasishaji wa Uwekezaji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: It is in Sweden’s interest to help the country that does not exist|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-it-is-in-swedens-interest-to-help-the-country-that-does-not-exist/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-05-09|access...' 1548744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Ahmed Mohamoud Awad''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Maxamuud Cawad'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Uhamasishaji wa Uwekezaji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: It is in Sweden’s interest to help the country that does not exist|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-it-is-in-swedens-interest-to-help-the-country-that-does-not-exist/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-05-09|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland minister seeks energy investment from UAE|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/somaliland-minister-seeks-energy-investment-from-uae-1.702652|work=The National|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=The National}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] tu0tzr84wk4y5w0m9owkvz0jpx8ku06 1549043 1548744 2026-05-23T11:58:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Ahmed Mohamoud Awad''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Axmed Maxamuud Cawad'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Uhamasishaji wa Uwekezaji wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: It is in Sweden’s interest to help the country that does not exist|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-it-is-in-swedens-interest-to-help-the-country-that-does-not-exist/|work=Somaliland Standard|date=2019-05-09|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=admin}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland minister seeks energy investment from UAE|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/somaliland-minister-seeks-energy-investment-from-uae-1.702652|work=The National|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=The National}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] s8m0257g07f4v6dsfwbyhexcmagexzn 0 237808 1548745 2026-05-23T02:45:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ismail Haji Nour''' (Kisomali: ''Ismaaciil Xaaji Nuur'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland na kwa sasa ni [[Meya]] wa Erigavo, mji mkuu wa mkoa wa Sanaag katika Somaliland, tangu Oktoba 2003. Ni mfanyabiashara anayejulikana sana, na aliwahi kufungwa mara kadhaa wakati wa utawala wa Siad Barre kwa madai ya upinzani dhidi ya [[serikali]]. Anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa mameya waliodumu muda mrefu zaidi nchini Somaliland na meya pekee aliyewahi kuchaguliwa tena za...' 1548745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ismail Haji Nour''' (Kisomali: ''Ismaaciil Xaaji Nuur'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland na kwa sasa ni [[Meya]] wa Erigavo, mji mkuu wa mkoa wa Sanaag katika Somaliland, tangu Oktoba 2003. Ni mfanyabiashara anayejulikana sana, na aliwahi kufungwa mara kadhaa wakati wa utawala wa Siad Barre kwa madai ya upinzani dhidi ya [[serikali]]. Anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa mameya waliodumu muda mrefu zaidi nchini Somaliland na meya pekee aliyewahi kuchaguliwa tena zaidi ya mara moja.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland Opposition Parties Win Mayorship of Erigavo|date=2021-06-16|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/somaliland-opposition-parties-win-mayorship-of-erigavo/|work=Somaliland.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] c0sbawece3j426khrlbkjhaerghd40v 0 237809 1548747 2026-05-23T02:48:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Henry M. Rosenberg''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Henry Mortikar Rosenberg'''; [[Februari 28]], [[1858]] – [[Desemba 24]], [[1947]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] ambaye mtindo wake ulitofautiana kutoka uhalisi hadi mwonekano wa vivuli na mazingira, kiishara, na kihisia, pamoja na mtengenezaji wa michoro na mwalimu<ref name="O'Neill " >{{cite web |last1=O'Neill |first1=Mora Dianne |title=Reinvention: the art and life of HM Rosenberg |url=https://www.artgalleryo...' 1548747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry M. Rosenberg''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Henry Mortikar Rosenberg'''; [[Februari 28]], [[1858]] – [[Desemba 24]], [[1947]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] ambaye mtindo wake ulitofautiana kutoka uhalisi hadi mwonekano wa vivuli na mazingira, kiishara, na kihisia, pamoja na mtengenezaji wa michoro na mwalimu<ref name="O'Neill " >{{cite web |last1=O'Neill |first1=Mora Dianne |title=Reinvention: the art and life of HM Rosenberg |url=https://www.artgalleryofnovascotia.ca/sites/default/files/journal-winter-2011.pdf |website=www.artgalleryofnovascotia.ca |publisher=Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Halifax| pages=26–27 |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>. Alikuwa Mkuu wa Victoria School of Art and Design (sasa inajulikana kama NSCAD) kuanzia [[1898]] hadi [[1910]]. Waandishi juu ya historia ya sanaa huko [[Nova Scotia]] walimwita "mzee mkuu wa sanaa ya Nova Scotia".<ref name="ngc " >{{cite web |title=Henry Mortikar Rosenberg |url=https://www.gallery.ca/sites/default/files/upload/library/henry_mortikar_rosenberg_bio_e.pdf |website=www.gallery.ca |publisher=National Gallery of Canada |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1858]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1947]] 7747d455xuf1fuzt1m0l7h59d3bllw6 0 237810 1548748 2026-05-23T02:49:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad-Vali Gharani''' (1913 – 23 Aprili 1979) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la Iran. Alizaliwa mjini Tehran mnamo mwaka 1913.<ref name="EP">{{cite book|author=Abbas Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The men and women who made modern Iran, 1941-1979|volume=1|date=2008|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, N.Y. |isbn=978-0815609070|pages=445–450}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo cha Maafisa cha Imam Ali]] (Officers' Academy) na Chuo cha Vita...' 1548748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Vali Gharani''' (1913 – 23 Aprili 1979) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la Iran. Alizaliwa mjini Tehran mnamo mwaka 1913.<ref name="EP">{{cite book|author=Abbas Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The men and women who made modern Iran, 1941-1979|volume=1|date=2008|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, N.Y. |isbn=978-0815609070|pages=445–450}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo cha Maafisa cha Imam Ali]] (Officers' Academy) na [[Chuo cha Vita cha AJA]] (War College).<ref name="EP"/> Mnamo mwaka 1950, alijiunga na Jeshi la Kifalme na kupandishwa cheo hadi kufikia ngazi ya kanali. Baadaye, aliteuliwa kwenda mjini [[Rasht]] kama kamanda wa ngome ya jeshi (garrison commander). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] eikyt009r77tayc7rnue62ku715vi9s 1548749 1548748 2026-05-23T02:51:50Z Egipa 87700 1548749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Vali Gharani''' (1913 – 23 Aprili 1979) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi la [[Irani|Iran]]. Alizaliwa mjini Tehran mnamo mwaka 1913.<ref name="EP">{{cite book|author=Abbas Milani|title=Eminent Persians: The men and women who made modern Iran, 1941-1979|volume=1|date=2008|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, N.Y. |isbn=978-0815609070|pages=445–450}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo cha Maafisa cha Imam Ali]] (Officers' Academy) na [[Chuo cha Vita cha AJA]] (War College).<ref name="EP"/> Mnamo mwaka 1950, alijiunga na Jeshi la Kifalme na kupandishwa cheo hadi kufikia ngazi ya kanali. Baadaye, aliteuliwa kwenda mjini [[Rasht]] kama kamanda wa ngome ya jeshi (garrison commander). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] rowjkm1rrypp3p14jsgn3ah7cnnlh4s 0 237811 1548750 2026-05-23T02:52:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Rajer''' ([[1918]] – [[1976]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa michoro yake ya kwenye mbao. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1976]]' 1548750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Rajer''' ([[1918]] – [[1976]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa michoro yake ya kwenye mbao. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1976]] 5doj9kp7bu1lj6bbe4edn71xdsy4mtr 1548752 1548750 2026-05-23T02:52:46Z Ally0111 85292 1548752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Rajer''' ([[1918]] – [[1976]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa michoro yake ya kwenye mbao.<ref name="National Gallery of Art">{{cite web |title=Joseph Rajer |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.33903.html |website=National Gallery of Art |access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1976]] 3y0b0e7m5nimn7vydy9hsn99cn8pnl1 0 237812 1548751 2026-05-23T02:52:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bashe Awil Haji Omar''' (alizaliwa 1972 huko Hargeisa, Somaliland) ni mwanadiplomasia na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama Mwakilishi wa Somaliland katika Umoja wa Falme za Kiarabu (2015–2018) na Kenya (2018–2021) kama Mkuu wa Ofisi ya Uhusiano ya Somaliland Nairobi. == Historia ya awali == Omar alizaliwa mwaka 1972 huko Hargeisa, Somaliland, na anatoka katika ukoo wa Imran wa familia kubwa ya Isaaq. Mwaka 1991, baada ya kuzuka kwa vit...' 1548751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bashe Awil Haji Omar''' (alizaliwa 1972 huko Hargeisa, Somaliland) ni mwanadiplomasia na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Somalia]]. Alihudumu kama Mwakilishi wa Somaliland katika Umoja wa Falme za Kiarabu (2015–2018) na Kenya (2018–2021) kama Mkuu wa Ofisi ya Uhusiano ya Somaliland Nairobi. == Historia ya awali == Omar alizaliwa mwaka 1972 huko Hargeisa, Somaliland, na anatoka katika ukoo wa Imran wa familia kubwa ya Isaaq. Mwaka 1991, baada ya kuzuka kwa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Somalia, alihamia Uingereza. Mwaka 1997, Omar alihitimu shahada ya kwanza ya Kemia kutoka University College London. Baadaye alipata ufadhili wa masomo katika University of Manchester ambako alihitimu [[Shahada]] ya Uzamili (MSc) katika Petrochemistry na Kemia ya Hidrokaboni. Akiwa anaishi California, alijihusisha na harakati za kuhamasisha chama cha Kulmiye, chama cha kisiasa kilichoanzishwa na mkwe wake Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud. Mwaka 2011, Omar na familia yake walihamia [[Nairobi]], Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya and Somaliland to foster strong trade ties – Somaliland Kenya Office|url=https://somalilandliaison.com/kenya-and-somaliland-to-foster-strong-trade-ties/|date=2018-11-16|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo 30 Juni 2015, aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Somaliland katika Umoja wa Falme za Kiarabu ambapo alihudumu hadi 2018. Mwaka 2018, Rais Muse Bihi Abdi alimteua kuwa Mwakilishi wa Somaliland nchini Kenya na Mkuu wa Ofisi ya Uhusiano ya Somaliland Nairobi. Akiwa Nairobi, aliandaa mikutano miwili mikubwa kati ya Somaliland na Kenya kuhusu miundombinu na nishati mwaka 2018 na 2019.<ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland Markets Berbera Port at the UK-Africa Investment Conference|date=2021-01-22|url=https://www.busiweek.com/somaliland-markets-berbera-port-at-the-uk-africa-investment-conference/|work=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4mk6v2qp26x3o4ei6go52qad6njqwi4 0 237813 1548753 2026-05-23T02:54:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hossein Ghods-Nakhaï''' (&lrm;; [[1894–1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa, waziri katika baraza la mawaziri, mwanadiplomasia, na mshairi wa [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharifi-Yazdi |first=Farzad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia_dDwAAQBAJ |title=Arab-Iranian Rivalry in the Persian Gulf: Territorial Disputes and the Balance of Power in the Middle East |date=2015-06-29 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85772-636-0 |pages=151 |language=en}...' 1548753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hossein Ghods-Nakhaï''' (&lrm;; [[1894–1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa, waziri katika baraza la mawaziri, mwanadiplomasia, na mshairi wa [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharifi-Yazdi |first=Farzad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia_dDwAAQBAJ |title=Arab-Iranian Rivalry in the Persian Gulf: Territorial Disputes and the Balance of Power in the Middle East |date=2015-06-29 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85772-636-0 |pages=151 |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya mapema == Alikuwa mtoto wa karani wa Iran, [[Hajj Agha Hasan Nakhai]]. Kaka yake alikuwa [[Muhammad Nakhai]], ambaye alihudumu kama Katibu wa Uwakilishi wa Iran mjini Brussels kuanzia mwaka 1928.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burrell |first=Robert Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuBtAAAAMAAJ |title=Iran Political Diaries, 1881-1965: 1943-1945 |last2=Jarman |first2=Robert L. |date=1997 |publisher=Archive Editions |isbn=978-1-85207-710-5 |pages=461 |language=en}}</ref> Kama ilivyokuwa kwa baba yake, jina la ukoo la Hossein hapo awali lilikuwa Nakhaï. Katika ujana wake, alikuwa mhariri wa jarida la fasihi lililoitwa [[Ghods]], na hivyo akajulikana kama "Bwana Ghods". Baadaye aliongeza neno hilo Ghods kwenye jina lake la ukoo. Alimuoa binti wa balozi wa kwanza wa Iran nchini Marekani, [[Haji Washington|Sadr es-Saltaneh]], anayejulikana pia kama Haji Washington. == Shughuli za kidiplomasia na kisiasa == Alihudumu katika nafasi ya [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje]] kati ya mwaka 1961 na 1963. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa balozi nchini [[Baghdad]] (Iraki), [[London]] (Uingereza), [[Tokyo]] (Japani - kuanzia Oktoba 1956 hadi Januari 1958), na [[Washington, D.C.]] (Marekani - katika miaka ya 1960, wakati wa utawala wa [[John F. Kennedy]]). Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Wizara ya Jumba la Kifalme|Waziri wa Jumba la Kifalme]], nafasi aliyoishika hadi mwaka 1968, ambapo alifuatiwa na [[Asadollah Alam]]. Baada ya hapo, akawa balozi katika [[Kiti Kitakatifu]] ([[Vatikan]]). Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati iliyofanya mazungumzo na [[Umoja wa Kiovyeti]] (Soviet Union) kuhusu kurejeshwa kwa dhahabu ya Iran iliyokuwa imewekwa chini ya utawala wa [[Milki ya Urusi|Kitsari]] (Tsarist). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1894|1977}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 44fso0strctvwktpq3omb7d0xf9n4k2 1548906 1548753 2026-05-23T09:34:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hossein Ghods-Nakhaï''' (&lrm;; [[1894–1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa, waziri katika baraza la mawaziri, mwanadiplomasia, na mshairi wa [[Iran]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Sharifi-Yazdi |first=Farzad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia_dDwAAQBAJ |title=Arab-Iranian Rivalry in the Persian Gulf: Territorial Disputes and the Balance of Power in the Middle East |date=2015-06-29 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85772-636-0 |pages=151 |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya mapema == Alikuwa mtoto wa karani wa Iran, [[Hajj Agha Hasan Nakhai]]. Kaka yake alikuwa [[Muhammad Nakhai]], ambaye alihudumu kama Katibu wa Uwakilishi wa Iran mjini Brussels kuanzia mwaka 1928.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Burrell |first=Robert Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuBtAAAAMAAJ |title=Iran Political Diaries, 1881-1965: 1943-1945 |last2=Jarman |first2=Robert L. |date=1997 |publisher=Archive Editions |isbn=978-1-85207-710-5 |pages=461 |language=en}}</ref> Kama ilivyokuwa kwa baba yake, jina la ukoo la Hossein hapo awali lilikuwa Nakhaï. Katika ujana wake, alikuwa mhariri wa jarida la fasihi lililoitwa [[Ghods]], na hivyo akajulikana kama "Bwana Ghods". Baadaye aliongeza neno hilo Ghods kwenye jina lake la ukoo. Alimuoa binti wa balozi wa kwanza wa Iran nchini Marekani, [[Haji Washington|Sadr es-Saltaneh]], anayejulikana pia kama Haji Washington. == Shughuli za kidiplomasia na kisiasa == Alihudumu katika nafasi ya [[Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (Iran)|Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje]] kati ya mwaka 1961 na 1963. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa balozi nchini [[Baghdad]] (Iraki), [[London]] (Uingereza), [[Tokyo]] (Japani - kuanzia Oktoba 1956 hadi Januari 1958), na [[Washington, D.C.]] (Marekani - katika miaka ya 1960, wakati wa utawala wa [[John F. Kennedy]]). Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Wizara ya Jumba la Kifalme|Waziri wa Jumba la Kifalme]], nafasi aliyoishika hadi mwaka 1968, ambapo alifuatiwa na [[Asadollah Alam]]. Baada ya hapo, akawa balozi katika [[Kiti Kitakatifu]] ([[Vatikan]]). Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati iliyofanya mazungumzo na [[Umoja wa Kiovyeti]] (Soviet Union) kuhusu kurejeshwa kwa dhahabu ya Iran iliyokuwa imewekwa chini ya utawala wa [[Milki ya Urusi|Kitsari]] (Tsarist). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1894|1977}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] m9f7jslzjkw8adwwk575q9ypbevgcqd 0 237814 1548754 2026-05-23T02:57:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini Gilani''' (1870–1934) alikuwa mshairi mpiganaji katika [[Mapinduzi ya Katiba ya Iran]] (Constitutional Revolution) na mhariri wa gazeti la ''[[Nasim-e-Shomal]]'' ({{literally|Upepo wa Kaskazini}}), gazeti lililodumu kwa muda mfupi ambalo lilitumia mashairi na kejeli (satire) kuchambua hali ya kisiasa na kijamii ya [[Irani|Iran]] ya wakati huo.<ref name=ion>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asraf-gilani-poet AŠRAF GĪLĀ...' 1548754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini Gilani''' (1870–1934) alikuwa mshairi mpiganaji katika [[Mapinduzi ya Katiba ya Iran]] (Constitutional Revolution) na mhariri wa gazeti la ''[[Nasim-e-Shomal]]'' ({{literally|Upepo wa Kaskazini}}), gazeti lililodumu kwa muda mfupi ambalo lilitumia mashairi na kejeli (satire) kuchambua hali ya kisiasa na kijamii ya [[Irani|Iran]] ya wakati huo.<ref name=ion>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asraf-gilani-poet AŠRAF GĪLĀNĪ]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1870|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 4e0yfgnd4ogkutnnjzpvs1cfc183fez 0 237815 1548755 2026-05-23T03:00:09Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rostam Giv''' au '''Lord Rostam Giv''' (majina mbadala: '''Rustam Guiv''') (1888,<ref>http://www.t-z-a.com/old/farhang/RostamGiv.htm {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> mjini [[Yazd]] – 7 Oktoba 1980 mjini [[Whittier, California|Whittier]]), alikuwa mwanzilishi wa taasisi ya hisani ya Giv (Giv charity foundation), mwakilishi wa tatu wa waumini wa [[Uzayastani nchini Iran|Uzoroasta (Zoroastrianism)]] katika Bunge la [[Irani|Iran]], na seneta katika...' 1548755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rostam Giv''' au '''Lord Rostam Giv''' (majina mbadala: '''Rustam Guiv''') (1888,<ref>http://www.t-z-a.com/old/farhang/RostamGiv.htm {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> mjini [[Yazd]] – 7 Oktoba 1980 mjini [[Whittier, California|Whittier]]), alikuwa mwanzilishi wa taasisi ya hisani ya Giv (Giv charity foundation), mwakilishi wa tatu wa waumini wa [[Uzayastani nchini Iran|Uzoroasta (Zoroastrianism)]] katika Bunge la [[Irani|Iran]], na seneta katika Seneti ya Iran.<ref name="berasad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.berasad.com/fa/content/view/883 |title=Biography of Rostam Giv |access-date=2015-09-02 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183946/http://www.berasad.com/fa/content/view/883 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1980}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] bvbs8riqybrl5u6uggf2pnc3yn1r792 0 237816 1548756 2026-05-23T03:02:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shahla Habibi''' (1958—6 Septemba 2017) alikuwa Mshauri wa Rais wa [[Iran]] kuhusu Masuala ya Wanawake kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=On the memoir of Shahla Habibi, the first Iranian female presidential advisor|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/416683/On-the-memoir-of-Shahla-Habibi-the-first-Iranian-female-presidential|access-date=2021-10-07|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa zama...' 1548756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahla Habibi''' (1958—6 Septemba 2017) alikuwa Mshauri wa Rais wa [[Iran]] kuhusu Masuala ya Wanawake kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-11|title=On the memoir of Shahla Habibi, the first Iranian female presidential advisor|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/416683/On-the-memoir-of-Shahla-Habibi-the-first-Iranian-female-presidential|access-date=2021-10-07|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa zamani wa baraza kuu la [[Chama cha Muungano wa Kiislamu]] (Islamic Coalition Party).<ref>{{cite news|title=حزب موتلفه اسلامی درگذشت شهلا حبیبی را تسلیت گفت|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13960618000180|accessdate=11 September 2017|agency=[[Fars News Agency]]|date=9 September 2017|language=Persian|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011511/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13960618000180|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] p8d269ni0sgwl4n2fknr6jat4izdsa1 0 237817 1548759 2026-05-23T03:05:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kamal Habibollahi''' (1 Februari 1930 – 11 Oktoba 2016) alikuwa Kamanda wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Irani|Iran]] alikuwa Kamanda wa mwisho wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la Kifalme la [[Irani|Iran]]]] hadi yalipotokea [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], na alikuwa Mkuu wa mwisho wa Operesheni za Wanamaji (Chief of Naval Operations) chini ya [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]].<ref name=NYTimes>"Documents detail Israel missile deal with the Shah", Elaine Sciolino, 1 April 1986, ''The Ne...' 1548759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamal Habibollahi''' (1 Februari 1930 – 11 Oktoba 2016) alikuwa Kamanda wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Irani|Iran]] alikuwa Kamanda wa mwisho wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la Kifalme la [[Irani|Iran]]]] hadi yalipotokea [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], na alikuwa Mkuu wa mwisho wa Operesheni za Wanamaji (Chief of Naval Operations) chini ya [[Nasaba ya Pahlavi]].<ref name=NYTimes>"Documents detail Israel missile deal with the Shah", Elaine Sciolino, 1 April 1986, ''The New York Times''.</ref> Pia alishika nyadhifa kadhaa za uwaziri katika [[Serikali ya Kijeshi ya Gholam-Reza Azhari|Serikali ya Kijeshi]] ya [[Gholam Reza Azhari]] mnamo mwaka 1978. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|2016}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] qsmovvrlot7rtkk6uhacgbt4jfdx8q5 0 237818 1548760 2026-05-23T03:07:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tod Lippy''' (alizaliwa [[1963]] huko [[Baltimore, Maryland]]) ni [[msanii]], mbunifu, [[mwandishi]], mhariri, na [[mwanamuziki]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nashersculpturecenter.org/art/exhibitions/exhibition?id=569 |title=Esopus October 14, 2017 - February 4, 2018 {{!}} Exhibition - Nasher Sculpture Center |website=nashersculpturecenter.org |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> Alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa kutoka Chuo cha Wi...' 1548760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tod Lippy''' (alizaliwa [[1963]] huko [[Baltimore, Maryland]]) ni [[msanii]], mbunifu, [[mwandishi]], mhariri, na [[mwanamuziki]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nashersculpturecenter.org/art/exhibitions/exhibition?id=569 |title=Esopus October 14, 2017 - February 4, 2018 {{!}} Exhibition - Nasher Sculpture Center |website=nashersculpturecenter.org |access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> Alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa kutoka Chuo cha Williams katika Historia ya Sanaa mwaka [[1988]], na shahada ya uzamili nyingine katika masomo ya sinema kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New York mwaka [[1990]]. Alijiunga na wahariri wa jarida la ''Print'' mwaka [[1991]], hatimaye akawa mhariri mwandamizi wa jarida hilo. Alianzisha na kuhariri ''Scenario: The Magazine of Screenwriting Art'' ([[1994]]-97) na ''publicsfear'' ([[1992]]-93). Kitabu chake cha [[2000]], ''Projections 11: New York Film-Makers on Film-Making'', kilichapishwa na Faber & Faber. Mwaka [[2003]], alianzisha Esopus Foundation Ltd., shirika la sanaa lisilo la faida.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/13/books/building-a-oneman-magazine-one-impossible-feat-at-a-time.html |title=Building a One-Man Magazine, One Impossible Feat at a Time |last=Carr |first=David |date=2004-11-13 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2018-12-12 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mff3ct73223zv8tblspcwg46xwb35us 0 237819 1548761 2026-05-23T03:10:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mirza Mohammad Ali''', anajulikana zaidi kama '''Hajj Sayyah''' ( 91836–1925), alikuwa msafiri wa dunia na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa mwenye asili ya [[Uajemi na Marekani]] (Iranian American). Alikuwa Mwirani wa kwanza kupata [[Uraia wa Marekani]]. Kulingana na amri iliyotolewa na Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Wilaya ya 12 ya Kimahakama ya Jimbo la California, alipewa uraia huo mnamo tarehe 26 Mei 1875. == Maisha ya mapema == Hajj Sayyah alizaliwa mnamo mwaka...' 1548761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Mohammad Ali''', anajulikana zaidi kama '''Hajj Sayyah''' ( 91836–1925), alikuwa msafiri wa dunia na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa mwenye asili ya [[Uajemi na Marekani]] (Iranian American). Alikuwa Mwirani wa kwanza kupata [[Uraia wa Marekani]]. Kulingana na amri iliyotolewa na Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Wilaya ya 12 ya Kimahakama ya Jimbo la California, alipewa uraia huo mnamo tarehe 26 Mei 1875. == Maisha ya mapema == Hajj Sayyah alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1836 katika mji wa [[Mahallat]], [[Nasaba ya Qajar|Dola Kuu ya Iran]].<ref>Mehrbanoo Nasser Deyhim in: An Iranian in Nineteenth Century Europe, The Travel Diaries of Hâj Sayyâh 1859-1877. Translated by Mehrbanoo Nasser Deyhim, Foreword by Peter Avery. Bethesda Maryland, IBEX Publishers 1998. p.15.</ref> Masomo yake katika umri mdogo yalimfanya afahamu mawazo ya kisasa na ya kidemokrasia ambayo wakati huo yalikuwa yakisambaa katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Tofauti kubwa alizoziona kati ya utawala wa kiimla nchini Iran na mawazo hayo aliyosomea zilimpa msukumo wa kwenda kuuona ulimwengu uliosalia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1836|1925}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani]] 5y40xlugx8djfg3ei88659j1hjz3qwl 0 237820 1548763 2026-05-23T03:14:25Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ebrahim Hakimi''' (1869 – 19 Oktoba 1959) alikuwa mwanasiasa na kiongozi wa serikali nchini [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kwa vipindi vitatu tofauti. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Tabriz]] mnamo mwaka 1869,Hakimi alikuwa mwanafamilia wa "familia ya zamani na mashuhuri ya matatibu wa jumba la kifalme", ambao chimbuko la hadhi yao linaenda nyuma hadi karne ya 17, "kuanzia kwa jina la muasisi wa familia...' 1548763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebrahim Hakimi''' (1869 – 19 Oktoba 1959) alikuwa mwanasiasa na kiongozi wa serikali nchini [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kwa vipindi vitatu tofauti. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Tabriz]] mnamo mwaka 1869,Hakimi alikuwa mwanafamilia wa "familia ya zamani na mashuhuri ya matatibu wa jumba la kifalme", ambao chimbuko la hadhi yao linaenda nyuma hadi karne ya 17, "kuanzia kwa jina la muasisi wa familia hiyo, [[Hakim Daud|Moḥammad-Dāvud Khan Ḥakim]]" aliyehudumu katika majumba ya kifalme ya [[Nasaba ya Safavid|Safavid]] chini ya [[Shah|mashah]] [[Safi wa Uajemi|Safi]] (1629-1642) na [[Abbas II wa Uajemi|Abbas II]] (1642-1666).{{sfn|Milani|2003|pages=575-580}} Babu huyu wa Ebrahim pia ndiye aliyekuwa mwanzilishi wa [[Msikiti wa Hakim, Isfahan|Msikiti wa Hakim]] uliopo mjini [[Isfahan]].{{sfn|Milani|2003|pages=575-580}} Mjomba wake Hakimi alikuwa [[Mirza Mahmud Khan Hakim ol-Molk]], mwanasiasa na daktari binafsi wa [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]] ({{reign|1896|1907}}).{{sfn|Ebrahimi|2019}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1869|1959}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] hpfmyyk62ac1pz84tmq93o90nslan37 1548764 1548763 2026-05-23T03:14:56Z Egipa 87700 1548764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebrahim Hakimi''' (1869 – 19 Oktoba 1959) alikuwa mwanasiasa na kiongozi wa serikali nchini [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kwa vipindi vitatu tofauti. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Tabriz]] mnamo mwaka 1869,Hakimi alikuwa mwanafamilia wa "familia ya zamani na mashuhuri ya matatibu wa jumba la kifalme", ambao chimbuko la hadhi yao linaenda nyuma hadi karne ya 17, "kuanzia kwa jina la muasisi wa familia hiyo, [[Hakim Daud|Moḥammad-Dāvud Khan Ḥakim]]" aliyehudumu katika majumba ya kifalme ya [[Nasaba ya Safavid|Safavid]] chini ya [[Shah|mashah]] [[Safi wa Uajemi|Safi]] (1629-1642) na [[Abbas II wa Uajemi|Abbas II]] (1642-1666).{{sfn|Milani|2003|pages=575-580}} Babu huyu wa Ebrahim pia ndiye aliyekuwa mwanzilishi wa [[Msikiti wa Hakim, Isfahan|Msikiti wa Hakim]] uliopo mjini [[Isfahan]].{{sfn|Milani|2003|pages=575-580}} Mjomba wake Hakimi alikuwa [[Mirza Mahmud Khan Hakim ol-Molk]], mwanasiasa na daktari binafsi wa [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]] (1896|1907).{{sfn|Ebrahimi|2019}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1869|1959}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] m1sohxzcvywds9qblb2fa9fxdfqi5az 0 237821 1548765 2026-05-23T03:15:06Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daoud Aoulad-Syad ('''[[Kiarabu]]: داوود اولاد السيد; alizaliwa Aprili, [[1953]], huko [[Marakesh]]) ni mpiga picha,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad {{!}}|url=https://www.galerie127.com/daoud-aoulad-syad/|date=2020-10-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Maroc de Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/daoud-aoulad-syads-morocco/|work=L'Œil de la Photographie Magazine|date=2018-02-27|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR|author=L'Œil de la Photographie}}</ref> mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daoud Aoulad Syad - Unifrance|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/305232/daoud-aoulad-syad|work=en.unifrance.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Le cinéma de Daoud. Rencontre avec Daoud Aoulad Syad27.06.2021, 19:00|date=2021-06-16|url=https://le18marrakech.com/le-cinema-de-daoud/|work=LE 18, Derb el Ferrane|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Aoulad-Syad Daoud|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=11215|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kazi zake za upigaji picha ,zimejikita zaidi nchini Moroko<ref>https://www.leconomiste.com/1038121-exposition-le-maroc-vu-par-daoud-aoulad-syad/ </ref> na wakazi wake,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Maroc de Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://leseco.ma/culture/le-maroc-de-daoud-aoulad-syad.html|work=LesEco.ma|date=2018-12-15|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR|author=LesEco.ma}}</ref> na zimeonyeshwa katika maonesho mbalimbali duniani kote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad restitue la mémoire d’un Maroc riche et diversifié|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2019/daoud-aoulad-syad-restitue-memoire-d-maroc-riche-diversifie/309346.html|work=Le Matin.ma|date=2019-01-25|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr|author=Ouafaa Bennani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://www.mep-fr.org/event/daoud-aoulad-syad/|work=La MEP|date=2015-11-12|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1-54 Contemporary African Art Fair|url=https://www.1-54.com/new-york/artists/aoulad-syad-daoud/|work=www.1-54.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alipokuwa akisomea udaktari katika fizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nancy, alianza kupenda upigaji picha. Baada ya maonyesho kadhaa ya picha zake, alianza kuhudhuria warsha ya filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha École nationale supérieure des métiers de l'image et du son. Aliongoza filamu fupi kama ''Mémoire ocre'', ''Entre l'absence et l'oubli'' na ''L'Oued'' kabla ya kutengeneza filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, ''Adieu forain'' mwaka 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Directors|url=https://trigon-film.org/en/directors/daoud-aoulad-syad/|work=trigon-film|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Entretien avec Daoud Aoulad Syad à propos de La Mosquée (A Jamaâ) {{!}} BUALA|url=https://www.buala.org/fr/afroscreen/entretien-avec-daoud-aoulad-syad-a-propos-de-la-mosquee-a-jamaa|work=www.buala.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] ea2xtcs9ykimhtq90ika0he7heiikwp 1548878 1548765 2026-05-23T08:35:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 10 template(s) replaced. 1548878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daoud Aoulad-Syad ('''[[Kiarabu]]: داوود اولاد السيد; alizaliwa Aprili, [[1953]], huko [[Marakesh]]) ni mpiga picha,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad {{!}}|url=https://www.galerie127.com/daoud-aoulad-syad/|date=2020-10-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le Maroc de Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/daoud-aoulad-syads-morocco/|work=L'Œil de la Photographie Magazine|date=2018-02-27|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR|author=L'Œil de la Photographie}}</ref> mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daoud Aoulad Syad - Unifrance|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/305232/daoud-aoulad-syad|work=en.unifrance.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Le cinéma de Daoud. Rencontre avec Daoud Aoulad Syad27.06.2021, 19:00|date=2021-06-16|url=https://le18marrakech.com/le-cinema-de-daoud/|work=LE 18, Derb el Ferrane|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Aoulad-Syad Daoud|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=11215|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kazi zake za upigaji picha ,zimejikita zaidi nchini Moroko<ref>https://www.leconomiste.com/1038121-exposition-le-maroc-vu-par-daoud-aoulad-syad/ </ref> na wakazi wake,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le Maroc de Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://leseco.ma/culture/le-maroc-de-daoud-aoulad-syad.html|work=LesEco.ma|date=2018-12-15|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR|author=LesEco.ma}}</ref> na zimeonyeshwa katika maonesho mbalimbali duniani kote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad restitue la mémoire d’un Maroc riche et diversifié|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2019/daoud-aoulad-syad-restitue-memoire-d-maroc-riche-diversifie/309346.html|work=Le Matin.ma|date=2019-01-25|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr|author=Ouafaa Bennani}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daoud Aoulad-Syad|url=https://www.mep-fr.org/event/daoud-aoulad-syad/|work=La MEP|date=2015-11-12|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=1-54 Contemporary African Art Fair|url=https://www.1-54.com/new-york/artists/aoulad-syad-daoud/|work=www.1-54.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alipokuwa akisomea udaktari katika fizikia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nancy, alianza kupenda upigaji picha. Baada ya maonyesho kadhaa ya picha zake, alianza kuhudhuria warsha ya filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha École nationale supérieure des métiers de l'image et du son. Aliongoza filamu fupi kama ''Mémoire ocre'', ''Entre l'absence et l'oubli'' na ''L'Oued'' kabla ya kutengeneza filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, ''Adieu forain'' mwaka 1998.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Directors|url=https://trigon-film.org/en/directors/daoud-aoulad-syad/|work=trigon-film|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Entretien avec Daoud Aoulad Syad à propos de La Mosquée (A Jamaâ) {{!}} BUALA|url=https://www.buala.org/fr/afroscreen/entretien-avec-daoud-aoulad-syad-a-propos-de-la-mosquee-a-jamaa|work=www.buala.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] mvtv9fk3dy7o8n720epoubi7yzgeguu 0 237822 1548766 2026-05-23T03:17:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdolhossein Hazhir''' (4 Juni 1902 – 5 Novemba 1949) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] mnamo mwaka 1948, akiwa amewahi kuwa waziri mara 10 tofauti.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Alí Rizā Awsatí|trans-title=Iran in the Past Three Centuries|title=Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh)|publisher=Paktāb Publishing|year=2003|isbn=964-93406-6-1|volume=1|location=Tehran|language=...' 1548766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdolhossein Hazhir''' (4 Juni 1902 – 5 Novemba 1949) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] mnamo mwaka 1948, akiwa amewahi kuwa waziri mara 10 tofauti.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Alí Rizā Awsatí|trans-title=Iran in the Past Three Centuries|title=Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh)|publisher=Paktāb Publishing|year=2003|isbn=964-93406-6-1|volume=1|location=Tehran|language=fa}} {{isbn|964-93406-5-3}}</ref> Moja kati ya nyadhifa zake hizo ilikuwa ni waziri wa fedha.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ali Asghar Saeidi|author2=Mary Yoshinari|title=Governing by partnership: the role of Abdolhossein Nikpour and the Chambers of Commerce in Iran's national economy|journal=[[Middle Eastern Studies (journal)|Middle Eastern Studies]]|year=2022|volume=59 |doi=10.1080/00263206.2022.2043851 |page=9|s2cid=255968390 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|1949}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 9tv3slpbknd7t9jr54euc4c9f8eiudc 0 237823 1548768 2026-05-23T03:20:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdollah Hedayat''' (1899–1968) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Jeshi la Kifalme la [[Irani|Iran]] ([[Jeshi la Ardhini la Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran]]). == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Hedayat alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1899 na alikuwa mtoto wa Gholam Reza Hedayat, aliyejulikana pia kama Mokhber Al Dawlah.<ref name=qdl>{{cite web|title=File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_...' 1548768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdollah Hedayat''' (1899–1968) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Jeshi la Kifalme la [[Irani|Iran]] ([[Jeshi la Ardhini la Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya Iran]]). == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Hedayat alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1899 na alikuwa mtoto wa Gholam Reza Hedayat, aliyejulikana pia kama Mokhber Al Dawlah.<ref name=qdl>{{cite web|title=File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100061134244.0x000011|publisher=[[Qatar Digital Library]] |access-date=17 August 2023|year=1948|quote=Citing from the British India Office Records and Private Papers}}</ref><ref name=rasek>{{cite web |title=عبدالله هدایت|publisher=Rasekhoon|access-date=1 January 2022|language=fa |url=https://rasekhoon.net/mashahir/show/597218/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Nizam ya Mushir Al Dawlah.<ref name=rasek/> Alisomea sayansi ya kijeshi nchini Ufaransa na kupata digrii kutoka Chuo cha Kijeshi cha [[Ecole de guerre-Terre|Ecole de Guerre]] kisha akaendelea na masomo yake huko [[Fontainebleau]].<ref name=qdl/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1968}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 1td3ck2izicx9sbme6uyn0c6o7yp4sv 0 237824 1548769 2026-05-23T03:21:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elliott Linwood''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 14]], [[1956]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa gridi zake kubwa za picha<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visualaids.org/artists/detail/elliott-linwood|title=Elliott Linwood|last=AIDS|first=Visual|website=Visual AIDS|language=en|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref>pia ulinganishaji na uunganishaji wa mitambo ya uchongaji na uchongaji wa kawaida, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aidsart.org/elliott-linwood...' 1548769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elliott Linwood''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 14]], [[1956]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa gridi zake kubwa za picha<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visualaids.org/artists/detail/elliott-linwood|title=Elliott Linwood|last=AIDS|first=Visual|website=Visual AIDS|language=en|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref>pia ulinganishaji na uunganishaji wa mitambo ya uchongaji na uchongaji wa kawaida, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aidsart.org/elliott-linwood|title=The Art of AIDS Prevention|website=The Art of AIDS Prevention|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> Alijikita sana katika mji wa [[San Diego, California]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 001imxdfxmrt27e79w93r0jlulk4oje 1548885 1548769 2026-05-23T08:52:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elliott Linwood''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 14]], [[1956]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa gridi zake kubwa za picha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.visualaids.org/artists/detail/elliott-linwood|title=Elliott Linwood|last=AIDS|first=Visual|website=Visual AIDS|language=en|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref>pia ulinganishaji na uunganishaji wa mitambo ya uchongaji na uchongaji wa kawaida, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aidsart.org/elliott-linwood|title=The Art of AIDS Prevention|website=The Art of AIDS Prevention|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> Alijikita sana katika mji wa [[San Diego, California]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2cquprsc0yrvv2vewuwfh3z25i6t9x8 0 237825 1548770 2026-05-23T03:23:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Holaku Rambod''' (10 Novemba 1919<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF+%DB%B1%DB%B0+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1+%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9&client=ms-android-samsung&prmd=vibn&sxsrf=APwXEdc1bEf_LvaXe1zdUGQ14YyYKGBYgw:1680380372962&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT3N7ZwIn-AhVc_7sIHZPnBHUQ_AUoA3oECAIQAw&biw=412&bih=652&dpr=2.63 هلاکو رامبد ۱۰ نوامبر ۱۹۱۹] Google...' 1548770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Holaku Rambod''' (10 Novemba 1919<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF+%DB%B1%DB%B0+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1+%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B9&client=ms-android-samsung&prmd=vibn&sxsrf=APwXEdc1bEf_LvaXe1zdUGQ14YyYKGBYgw:1680380372962&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT3N7ZwIn-AhVc_7sIHZPnBHUQ_AUoA3oECAIQAw&biw=412&bih=652&dpr=2.63 هلاکو رامبد ۱۰ نوامبر ۱۹۱۹] Google Search</ref> – 22 Aprili 2007<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://historydocuments.ir/?page=post&id=3349 | title=مرکز بررسی اسناد تاریخی }}</ref>) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] na mbunge wa [[Bunge la Iran]] kuanzia kipindi cha 19 hadi cha 24 cha bunge hilo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] cbrd3ojx4yab1pafh8scwjf0ksfab1b 0 237826 1548772 2026-05-23T03:25:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mirza Hossein-Qoli Khan Mafi''' (1832 – 6 Agosti 1908) mwenye cheo cha '''Nezam al-Saltaneh''' (alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 21 Desemba 1907 hadi 21 Mei 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=جلسه: 203 مذاکرات روز یکشنبه 16 ذیقعده 1325دارالشوراى ملى |trans-title=203rd session of the Iranian parliament, 21 December 1907 |url=https://www.ical.ir/ical/fa/Content/4_artmajl...' 1548772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Hossein-Qoli Khan Mafi''' (1832 – 6 Agosti 1908) mwenye cheo cha '''Nezam al-Saltaneh''' (alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 21 Desemba 1907 hadi 21 Mei 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=جلسه: 203 مذاکرات روز یکشنبه 16 ذیقعده 1325دارالشوراى ملى |trans-title=203rd session of the Iranian parliament, 21 December 1907 |url=https://www.ical.ir/ical/fa/Content/4_artmajles1/جلسه-203-مذاکرات-روز-یکشنبه-16-ذیقعده-1325دارالشوراى-ملى }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Zaker Hossein |first=Abdorrahim |title=ادبیات سیاسی ایران در عصر مشروطیت |publisher=Nashr-e Elm |year=1998 |edition=1st |language=fa |trans-title=Political literature of Iran in constitutional era}}</ref>{{sfn|Ettehadieh|2020}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1832|1908}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] rk80llifsowqqefsqb0zq8sb4qacbkh 1548905 1548772 2026-05-23T09:34:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Hossein-Qoli Khan Mafi''' (1832 – 6 Agosti 1908) mwenye cheo cha '''Nezam al-Saltaneh''' (alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 21 Desemba 1907 hadi 21 Mei 1908.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=جلسه: 203 مذاکرات روز یکشنبه 16 ذیقعده 1325دارالشوراى ملى |trans-title=203rd session of the Iranian parliament, 21 December 1907 |url=https://www.ical.ir/ical/fa/Content/4_artmajles1/جلسه-203-مذاکرات-روز-یکشنبه-16-ذیقعده-1325دارالشوراى-ملى }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Zaker Hossein |first=Abdorrahim |title=ادبیات سیاسی ایران در عصر مشروطیت |publisher=Nashr-e Elm |year=1998 |edition=1st |language=fa |trans-title=Political literature of Iran in constitutional era}}</ref>{{sfn|Ettehadieh|2020}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1832|1908}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] bjre7uacaivji6cq9w9mqx7qwrnmm81 0 237827 1548773 2026-05-23T03:26:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steven Johnson Leyba''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 3]], [[1966]]) ni [[msanii]], [[mchoraji]], mtengenezaji wa vitabu vya sanaa, [[mwandishi]], msanii wa matamshi ya kisanii , na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alirejelewa kama baba wa "ujinsia" na mkosoaji wa sanaa na [[Carlo McCormick]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imaterrorist.com/aboutus.html |title=Project #9 - About Us |access-date=2013-06-29 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.or...' 1548773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Johnson Leyba''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 3]], [[1966]]) ni [[msanii]], [[mchoraji]], mtengenezaji wa vitabu vya sanaa, [[mwandishi]], msanii wa matamshi ya kisanii , na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alirejelewa kama baba wa "ujinsia" na mkosoaji wa sanaa na [[Carlo McCormick]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imaterrorist.com/aboutus.html |title=Project #9 - About Us |access-date=2013-06-29 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006155535/http://imaterrorist.com/aboutus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vanessa-pinto/art-music-politics-an-int_b_3307104.html|title=Dinner and Art With Satan|work=The Huffington Post|date=21 May 2013 |access-date=22 November 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j5ajwcy055uyuiq4fahtpy2kkw7iyif 0 237828 1548774 2026-05-23T03:26:52Z Jolvin Joel 68047 nimeunda kurasa mpya 1548774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naoufel Berraoui''' ni mtengenezaji wa filamu, mwigizaji, na mpambaji kutoka [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Berraoui Naoufel|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=11533|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=PByNqtLQo8QC&dq=Naoufel+Berraoui&pg=PA296&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Naoufel%20Berraoui&f=false|title=What Moroccan Cinema?: A Historical and Critical Study, 1956D2006|last=Carter|first=Sandra Gayle|date=2009-08-16|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3187-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidéo. Naoufel Berraoui revient avec le téléfilm "Al atssa"|url=https://fr.le360.ma/medias/video-naoufel-berraoui-revient-avec-le-telefilm-al-atssa-76292/|work=Le 360 Français|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr|author=Par Qods Chabaa et Saad Aouidy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=i_BMEAAAQBAJ&dq=Naoufel+Berraoui&pg=PA35&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Naoufel%20Berraoui&f=false|title=The African Film Industry: Trends, challenges and opportunities for growth|last=UNESCO|date=2021-10-01|publisher=UNESCO Publishing|isbn=978-92-3-100470-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=JbVmAAAAMAAJ&dq=Naoufel+Berraoui&pg=PA142&redir_esc=y|title=Guide des réalisateurs Marocains|last=Khuḍarī|first=Khālid|date=2006|publisher=Auteur|language=fr}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Berraoui amemuowa mwigizaji wa Kimoroko anayeitwa Touria Alaoui.<ref>{{Citation|title=Festival national du théâtre : les confidences de Touria Alaoui et Naoufel Berraoui sur leur couple|url=http://femmesdumaroc.com/actualite/festival-national-du-theatre-les-confidences-de-touria-alaoui-et-naoufel-berraoui-sur-leur-couple-47528|work=femmesdumaroc|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Alihudhuria Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Maigizo na Uhuishaji wa [[Utamaduni]] katika mji wa [[Rabat]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] j40449k6tb7akwkijzlm7ua80b8rjkj 0 237829 1548775 2026-05-23T03:28:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amir-Abbas Hoveyda'''{{efn|{{langx|fa|امیرعباس هویدا|Amīr 'Abbās Hoveyda}}}} (18 Februari 1919 – 7 Aprili 1979)<ref>{{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfsZAAAAYAAJ|year=1980|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa na mchumi wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1965 hadi 1977 na [[Katibu Mkuu wa Chama cha Rastakhiz]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 h...' 1548775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir-Abbas Hoveyda'''{{efn|{{langx|fa|امیرعباس هویدا|Amīr 'Abbās Hoveyda}}}} (18 Februari 1919 – 7 Aprili 1979)<ref>{{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfsZAAAAYAAJ|year=1980|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa na mchumi wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1965 hadi 1977 na [[Katibu Mkuu wa Chama cha Rastakhiz]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1976. Alikuwa waziri mkuu aliyehudumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika historia ya Iran, akikaa madarakani kwa zaidi ya miaka 12. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu na [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|waziri wa fedha]] katika baraza la mawaziri la mtangulizi wake, [[Hassan Ali Mansur]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|1979}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 9cn0dph65h8m2nis0cvzv4uad2196jk 1548776 1548775 2026-05-23T03:29:21Z Egipa 87700 1548776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir-Abbas Hoveyda''' (18 Februari 1919 – 7 Aprili 1979)<ref>{{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfsZAAAAYAAJ|year=1980|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa na mchumi wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1965 hadi 1977 na [[Katibu Mkuu wa Chama cha Rastakhiz]] kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1976. Alikuwa waziri mkuu aliyehudumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika historia ya Iran, akikaa madarakani kwa zaidi ya miaka 12. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu na [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|waziri wa fedha]] katika baraza la mawaziri la mtangulizi wake, [[Hassan Ali Mansur]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|1979}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] d5hwzf2a9dqi7s6n6q0u88l4rwjj91y 0 237830 1548777 2026-05-23T03:30:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Marcel Levine''' (alizaliwa [[1970]] huko [[New York]]) ni profesa na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kwa sasa ni profesa wa Mazoezi ya Maonyesho, Ukumbi wa Michezo, na Media katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]].<ref name="In Terms of Performance 2014">{{cite web | title=In Terms of Performance | website=In Terms of Performance | date=2014-10-25 | url=http://www.intermsofperformance.site/keywords/act/david-levine | access-date=2020-09-24}}</ref> ==...' 1548777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Marcel Levine''' (alizaliwa [[1970]] huko [[New York]]) ni profesa na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kwa sasa ni profesa wa Mazoezi ya Maonyesho, Ukumbi wa Michezo, na Media katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]].<ref name="In Terms of Performance 2014">{{cite web | title=In Terms of Performance | website=In Terms of Performance | date=2014-10-25 | url=http://www.intermsofperformance.site/keywords/act/david-levine | access-date=2020-09-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dh85hj6r9emf3v2m8sx185xy91y4e5c 0 237831 1548778 2026-05-23T03:32:20Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Austin Lee''' (alizaliwa [[1983]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[New York]]. Picha zake za airbrush mara nyingi huchanganya teknolojia za kidijiti na mbinu za jadi<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/of-el-greco-and-emoticons-an-interview-with-artist-austin-lee-785675|title=Of El Greco and Emoticons: An Interview With Artist Austin Lee|last=Ogilvy|first=Flora Alexandra|date=December 28, 2016|website=Artnet Ne...' 1548778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austin Lee''' (alizaliwa [[1983]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[New York]]. Picha zake za airbrush mara nyingi huchanganya teknolojia za kidijiti na mbinu za jadi<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/of-el-greco-and-emoticons-an-interview-with-artist-austin-lee-785675|title=Of El Greco and Emoticons: An Interview With Artist Austin Lee|last=Ogilvy|first=Flora Alexandra|date=December 28, 2016|website=Artnet News|access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref>. Anafanya kazi pia katika [[uchongaji]] na video. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qmv1a3vd5rwfzjemuctersepyhmj1wv 0 237832 1548781 2026-05-23T03:37:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Florian Kenneth Lawton''' ([[Juni 21]], [[1921]] – [[Januari 11]], [[2011]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa taswira na mchoraji wa uhalisi nchini [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi hasa katika mitindo ya kikanda.<ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2011/01/florian_k_lawton_painted_amish.html |title=Florian K. Lawton Painted Amish Scenes |last=Segall |first=Grant |date=January 20, 2011 |website=cleveland.com |archive-url=http...' 1548781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Florian Kenneth Lawton''' ([[Juni 21]], [[1921]] – [[Januari 11]], [[2011]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa taswira na mchoraji wa uhalisi nchini [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi hasa katika mitindo ya kikanda.<ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2011/01/florian_k_lawton_painted_amish.html |title=Florian K. Lawton Painted Amish Scenes |last=Segall |first=Grant |date=January 20, 2011 |website=cleveland.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724205502/http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2011/01/florian_k_lawton_painted_amish.html |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] badpitfc656pzz9ybh0txbr6lwyltmb 1548891 1548781 2026-05-23T09:04:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Florian Kenneth Lawton''' ([[Juni 21]], [[1921]] – [[Januari 11]], [[2011]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa taswira na mchoraji wa uhalisi nchini [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi hasa katika mitindo ya kikanda.<ref name="Obit">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2011/01/florian_k_lawton_painted_amish.html |title=Florian K. Lawton Painted Amish Scenes |last=Segall |first=Grant |date=January 20, 2011 |website=cleveland.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724205502/http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2011/01/florian_k_lawton_painted_amish.html |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] 3zxet7ty05vfwpkr8pjw9zpo7f1eaem 0 237833 1548783 2026-05-23T03:45:41Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''M Lamar''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 29]], [[1972]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Laverne Cox {{!}} Biography, TV Shows, & Movies {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Laverne-Cox |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ni [[mtunzi]], [[mwanamuziki]], na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref name="2015 NYT Feature">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/19/arts/design/m-lamar-negrogothic-a-man...' 1548783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''M Lamar''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 29]], [[1972]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Laverne Cox {{!}} Biography, TV Shows, & Movies {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Laverne-Cox |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ni [[mtunzi]], [[mwanamuziki]], na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref name="2015 NYT Feature">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/19/arts/design/m-lamar-negrogothic-a-manifesto-the-aesthetics-of-m-lamar.html|title=M. Lamar: 'Negrogothic, a Manifesto, the Aesthetics of M. Lamar'|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 18, 2014 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |last1=Johnson |first1=Ken }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Als |first1=Hilton |title=Diva Deconstructed |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/07/20/diva-deconstructed |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=7 March 2021 |date=13 July 2009}}</ref>. Yeye ni mwimbaji sauti ya falsetto wa opera na mpiga kinanda ambaye kazi yake inajumuisha filamu, uchongaji, usakinishaji, na maonyesho<ref name="2017 Theatre Survey">{{cite journal |last1=Wickstrom |first1=Maurya |title=M. Lamar: Singing Slave Insurrection to Marx |journal=Theatre Survey |date=January 2017 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=68–85 |doi=10.1017/S0040557416000697 |publisher=The American Society for Theatre Research |location=Cambridge, England|doi-access=free }}</ref>. Yeye ni pacha wa mwigizaji [[Laverne Cox]]<ref name="2015 HuffPo Cox">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/08/laverne-cox-m-lamar-lgbt-black-communities_n_1262990.html|title=Laverne Cox And M. Lamar Discuss Identity, Collective Trauma, Celebrating The Black Penis And More|work=HuffPost|date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> , na alicheza nafasi ya mhusika wa dada yake kabla ya mabadiliko katika vipindi viwili vya kipindi cha [[Netflix]] cha ''Orange Is the New Black''.<ref name="2014 NYT Cox">{{cite news|last1=Bertstein|first1=Jacob|title=In Their Own Terms – The Growing Transgender Presence in Pop Culture|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/13/fashion/the-growing-transgender-presence-in-pop-culture.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 21, 2014|date=March 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013 HuffPo Cox">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/26/orange-is-the-new-black-laverne-cox_n_3660712.html|title='Orange Is The New Black' Star Laverne Cox's Twin Brother Plays Her Pre-Transition Counterpart (VIDEO)|work=HuffPost|date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dpjlbnm27wrzny29p8vn673097f5bgs 1549002 1548783 2026-05-23T11:13:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''M Lamar''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 29]], [[1972]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-05-25 |title=Laverne Cox {{!}} Biography, TV Shows, & Movies {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Laverne-Cox |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ni [[mtunzi]], [[mwanamuziki]], na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref name="2015 NYT Feature">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/19/arts/design/m-lamar-negrogothic-a-manifesto-the-aesthetics-of-m-lamar.html|title=M. Lamar: 'Negrogothic, a Manifesto, the Aesthetics of M. Lamar'|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 18, 2014 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |last1=Johnson |first1=Ken }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Als |first1=Hilton |title=Diva Deconstructed |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/07/20/diva-deconstructed |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=7 March 2021 |date=13 July 2009}}</ref>. Yeye ni mwimbaji sauti ya falsetto wa opera na mpiga kinanda ambaye kazi yake inajumuisha filamu, uchongaji, usakinishaji, na maonyesho<ref name="2017 Theatre Survey">{{cite journal |last1=Wickstrom |first1=Maurya |title=M. Lamar: Singing Slave Insurrection to Marx |journal=Theatre Survey |date=January 2017 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=68–85 |doi=10.1017/S0040557416000697 |publisher=The American Society for Theatre Research |location=Cambridge, England|doi-access=free }}</ref>. Yeye ni pacha wa mwigizaji [[Laverne Cox]]<ref name="2015 HuffPo Cox">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/08/laverne-cox-m-lamar-lgbt-black-communities_n_1262990.html|title=Laverne Cox And M. Lamar Discuss Identity, Collective Trauma, Celebrating The Black Penis And More|work=HuffPost|date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> , na alicheza nafasi ya mhusika wa dada yake kabla ya mabadiliko katika vipindi viwili vya kipindi cha [[Netflix]] cha ''Orange Is the New Black''.<ref name="2014 NYT Cox">{{cite news|last1=Bertstein|first1=Jacob|title=In Their Own Terms – The Growing Transgender Presence in Pop Culture|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/13/fashion/the-growing-transgender-presence-in-pop-culture.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 21, 2014|date=March 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013 HuffPo Cox">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/26/orange-is-the-new-black-laverne-cox_n_3660712.html|title='Orange Is The New Black' Star Laverne Cox's Twin Brother Plays Her Pre-Transition Counterpart (VIDEO)|work=HuffPost|date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tjowy8d5toojt3hcttfbgomkjloz48v 0 237834 1548785 2026-05-23T03:55:30Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Matthew E. Ziegler''' ([[Februari 4]], [[1897]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[1981]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa na mtindo wa kikanda wa [[Amerika]]. Alichora picha ya ukutani ya [[New Deal]] yenye jina ''Wheat in the Shock'' katika ofisi ya posta ya Flandreau, [[South Dakota]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1897]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1981]]' 1548785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew E. Ziegler''' ([[Februari 4]], [[1897]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[1981]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa na mtindo wa kikanda wa [[Amerika]]. Alichora picha ya ukutani ya [[New Deal]] yenye jina ''Wheat in the Shock'' katika ofisi ya posta ya Flandreau, [[South Dakota]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1897]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1981]] h49rv2qksoc18i3xplaw0cafoprzfno 1548786 1548785 2026-05-23T03:55:54Z Ally0111 85292 1548786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew E. Ziegler''' ([[Februari 4]], [[1897]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[1981]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa na mtindo wa kikanda wa [[Amerika]]. Alichora picha ya ukutani ya [[New Deal]] yenye jina ''Wheat in the Shock'' katika ofisi ya posta ya Flandreau, [[South Dakota]].<ref name="Kerr1">{{cite book |last1=Dick |first1=R. H. |last2=Kerr |first2=Scott |title=An American art colony: the art and artists of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, 1930-1940 |date=2004 |publisher=McCaughen & Burr Press |location=St. Louis, Mo. |isbn=978-0976242406 |pages=118–128}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1897]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1981]] m8n3qh0iz6gf01o81t2mq8eczte6pa0 0 237835 1548788 2026-05-23T04:00:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yung Jake''' (jina halisi '''Jake Patterson''') ni [[msanii]] na [[rapa]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kazi yake mara nyingi huchunguza media mpya na teknolojia, na inajumuisha uchoraji, [[uchongaji]], sanaa ya dijiti na mtandao, video, muziki, programu, na bidhaa. Anajulikana zaidi kwa picha zake za watu mashuhuri kwa kutumia emoji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Stutz |first=Colin |date=2016-10-27 |title=Meet Yung Jake, the Artist Making Masterpieces Out of E...' 1548788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yung Jake''' (jina halisi '''Jake Patterson''') ni [[msanii]] na [[rapa]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Kazi yake mara nyingi huchunguza media mpya na teknolojia, na inajumuisha uchoraji, [[uchongaji]], sanaa ya dijiti na mtandao, video, muziki, programu, na bidhaa. Anajulikana zaidi kwa picha zake za watu mashuhuri kwa kutumia emoji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Stutz |first=Colin |date=2016-10-27 |title=Meet Yung Jake, the Artist Making Masterpieces Out of Emojis |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/meet-yung-jake-the-artist-making-masterpieces-out-of-emojis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331170036/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/meet-yung-jake-the-artist-making-masterpieces-out-of-emojis |archive-date=2022-03-31 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=W Magazine}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Skelton |first=Eric |date=2018-07-23 |title=Tips for Creating on the Internet with Yung Jake |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/07/yung-jake-interview-tips-internet-creators-yung-jake/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724122042/https://www.complex.com/music/2018/07/yung-jake-interview-tips-internet-creators-yung-jake/experimenting-with-new-platforms |archive-date=2018-07-24 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4jkf3x86czl79ua41x70mw04m85syuc 0 237836 1548790 2026-05-23T04:02:05Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Abdullahi Omar''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Cabdulaahi Cumar'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 28 Julai 2010 na Rais wa wakati huo Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud. Baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri tarehe 25 Juni 2013, <ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: President Silanyo Unveils A Major Reshuffle To His Cabinet|date=2013-06-25|url=http://www.midnim...' 1548790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Abdullahi Omar''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Cabdulaahi Cumar'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 28 Julai 2010 na Rais wa wakati huo Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud. Baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri tarehe 25 Juni 2013, <ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: President Silanyo Unveils A Major Reshuffle To His Cabinet|date=2013-06-25|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/25/somaliland-president-silanyo-unveils-a-major-reshuffle-to-his-cabinet/|work=Midnimo information center {{!}} News and information about somalia|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref>Omar alibadilishwa na kuondolewa nafasi hiyo na kupewa jukumu lingine la kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Biashara wa Somaliland. Hata hivyo, tarehe 20 Mei 2014, aliondolewa kwenye nafasi hiyo kwa amri ya rais kufuatia mgogoro wa ndani kuhusu uongozi ndani ya chama tawala cha Kulmiye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Wrangle-splits-Somaliland-Ruling-Party-as-President-Siilaanyo-seeks-re-election_printer.shtml|work=www.garoweonline.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Mareje0 == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] gikbb3rfqgmxsp6ndx7zqya10fxa517 1549049 1548790 2026-05-23T11:58:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Abdullahi Omar''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Cabdulaahi Cumar'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 28 Julai 2010 na Rais wa wakati huo Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud. Baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri tarehe 25 Juni 2013, <ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: President Silanyo Unveils A Major Reshuffle To His Cabinet|date=2013-06-25|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/25/somaliland-president-silanyo-unveils-a-major-reshuffle-to-his-cabinet/|work=Midnimo information center {{!}} News and information about somalia|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref>Omar alibadilishwa na kuondolewa nafasi hiyo na kupewa jukumu lingine la kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Biashara wa Somaliland. Hata hivyo, tarehe 20 Mei 2014, aliondolewa kwenye nafasi hiyo kwa amri ya rais kufuatia mgogoro wa ndani kuhusu uongozi ndani ya chama tawala cha Kulmiye.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Wrangle-splits-Somaliland-Ruling-Party-as-President-Siilaanyo-seeks-re-election_printer.shtml|work=www.garoweonline.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Mareje0 == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] bwe44gs8catkr0zdj7d74m0py9a7blq 0 237837 1548791 2026-05-23T04:04:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mick McGinty''' ([[Desemba 7]], [[1952]] – [[Septemba 18]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[uchoraji]] wa airbrush, digitali, na mafuta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daily Painters Guild - Mick McGinty|url=https://www.darrowart.com/dailypaintersguild/artists/mcginty/index.html|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.darrowart.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] Jamii:Wachoraji...' 1548791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mick McGinty''' ([[Desemba 7]], [[1952]] – [[Septemba 18]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[uchoraji]] wa airbrush, digitali, na mafuta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daily Painters Guild - Mick McGinty|url=https://www.darrowart.com/dailypaintersguild/artists/mcginty/index.html|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.darrowart.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] puw49c7c84a627t6mv4jm7v7ma3jqvs 1549031 1548791 2026-05-23T11:45:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mick McGinty''' ([[Desemba 7]], [[1952]] – [[Septemba 18]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[uchoraji]] wa airbrush, digitali, na mafuta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daily Painters Guild - Mick McGinty|url=https://www.darrowart.com/dailypaintersguild/artists/mcginty/index.html|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.darrowart.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] r6luxjiomshuhb8etsjq1lr1tmlamxl 0 237838 1548792 2026-05-23T04:04:40Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Liban Yusuf Osman''' (Kisomali: ''Liibaan Yuusuf Cismaan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Naibu [[Waziri]] wa [[Maendeleo]] ya Afya. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama: * Naibu na Waziri wa Kaimu wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland * Naibu Waziri wa [[Afya]] wa Somaliland<ref>{{Citation|last=editor|title=Somaliland President Appoints Senior Officials, Sacks Others - Horn Diplomat|date=2019-03-30|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2019/03...' 1548792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liban Yusuf Osman''' (Kisomali: ''Liibaan Yuusuf Cismaan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Naibu [[Waziri]] wa [[Maendeleo]] ya Afya. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama: * Naibu na Waziri wa Kaimu wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland * Naibu Waziri wa [[Afya]] wa Somaliland<ref>{{Citation|last=editor|title=Somaliland President Appoints Senior Officials, Sacks Others - Horn Diplomat|date=2019-03-30|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2019/03/30/somaliland-president-appoints-senior-officials-sacks-others/|work=Horn Diplomat|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> * Naibu Waziri wa Ujenzi na Makazi wa Somaliland<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: New Faces Join Cabinet as others Exit in a Major Government Reshuffle|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-new-faces-join-cabinet-as-others-exit-in-a-major-government-reshuffle/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2016-12-04|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref> Ni mmoja wa viongozi waliowahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali ndani ya serikali ya Somaliland katika wizara tofauti. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] ct579vsdf55sy6u3p9dqmyi72jgoqhr 1548996 1548792 2026-05-23T11:04:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liban Yusuf Osman''' (Kisomali: ''Liibaan Yuusuf Cismaan'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Naibu [[Waziri]] wa [[Maendeleo]] ya Afya. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama: * Naibu na Waziri wa Kaimu wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland * Naibu Waziri wa [[Afya]] wa Somaliland<ref>{{Citation|last=editor|title=Somaliland President Appoints Senior Officials, Sacks Others - Horn Diplomat|date=2019-03-30|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2019/03/30/somaliland-president-appoints-senior-officials-sacks-others/|work=Horn Diplomat|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> * Naibu Waziri wa Ujenzi na Makazi wa Somaliland<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: New Faces Join Cabinet as others Exit in a Major Government Reshuffle|url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-new-faces-join-cabinet-as-others-exit-in-a-major-government-reshuffle/|work=Somaliland Sun|date=2016-12-04|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB|author=admin}}</ref> Ni mmoja wa viongozi waliowahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali ndani ya serikali ya Somaliland katika wizara tofauti. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] r9h76aazydoy02vop4rwf37oxiu9iym 0 237839 1548793 2026-05-23T04:07:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Said Raygal''' (Kisomali: ''Cali Saciid Raygaal'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Vijana na [[Michezo]] wa Somaliland, akiwa sehemu ya [[serikali]] ya eneo la Somaliland kaskazini-magharibi mwa Somalia. Aliteuliwa na Rais Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri yaliyofanyika tarehe 15 Machi 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland - officially the Republic of Somaliland|url=https://www.radiosomal...' 1548793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Said Raygal''' (Kisomali: ''Cali Saciid Raygaal'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Vijana na [[Michezo]] wa Somaliland, akiwa sehemu ya [[serikali]] ya eneo la Somaliland kaskazini-magharibi mwa Somalia. Aliteuliwa na Rais Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri yaliyofanyika tarehe 15 Machi 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland - officially the Republic of Somaliland|url=https://www.radiosomaliland.com/|work=www.radiosomaliland.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 1iyl7y23fzlfhfsfilnwuw3fxgr0r29 0 237840 1548795 2026-05-23T04:08:21Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Max''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Peter Max Finkelstein'''; alizaliwa [[Oktoba 19]], [[1937]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kutumia rangi zenye mng'aro katika kazi zake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZQYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Peter+Max%22+Jacob+Sala|title = Current Biography Yearbook|year = 1972}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] Jam...' 1548795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Max''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Peter Max Finkelstein'''; alizaliwa [[Oktoba 19]], [[1937]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa kutumia rangi zenye mng'aro katika kazi zake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZQYAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Peter+Max%22+Jacob+Sala|title = Current Biography Yearbook|year = 1972}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] amy9xdoq1sqz1l4i0gpairzqqmr30h3 0 237841 1548796 2026-05-23T04:09:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdirisaq Waberi Roble''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Waaberi Rooble'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Vijana na [[Michezo]] wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2016 hadi Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Ciyaaraha Jabuuti oo Imanaya Somaliland iyo Guddiyo Labada Dal Samaysanayaan {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2017/08/31/wasiirka-ciyaaraha-jabuuti-oo-imanaya-somaliland-iyo-guddiyo-labada-dal-sa...' 1548796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdirisaq Waberi Roble''' (Kisomali: ''Cabdirisaaq Waaberi Rooble'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Vijana na [[Michezo]] wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2016 hadi Desemba 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Ciyaaraha Jabuuti oo Imanaya Somaliland iyo Guddiyo Labada Dal Samaysanayaan {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2017/08/31/wasiirka-ciyaaraha-jabuuti-oo-imanaya-somaliland-iyo-guddiyo-labada-dal-samaysanayaan/|date=2017-08-31|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland:Minister of Sports and Youth and Save the Children’s area representative jointly open a football pitch in Digale Village of Hargeisa – News Africa|url=https://news.africa/somalilandminister-of-sports-and-youth-and-save-the-childrens-area-representative-jointly-open-a-football-pitch-in-digale-village-of-hargeisa/|work=news.africa|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] m5csw8i1rvddncie9amljkxmvxdqjvn 0 237842 1548797 2026-05-23T04:10:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Norman Albert Maurer''' ([[Mei 13]], [[1926]] – [[Novemba 23]], [[1986]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa katuni na [[mwandishi]], na mkurugenzi na mtayarishaji wa filamu na vipindi vya televisheni nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa ushirikiano wake wa muda mrefu wa kitaaluma na kibinafsi na timu ya ucheshi ya The Three Stooges kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1940]] na kuendelea.<ref>"United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (http...' 1548797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norman Albert Maurer''' ([[Mei 13]], [[1926]] – [[Novemba 23]], [[1986]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa katuni na [[mwandishi]], na mkurugenzi na mtayarishaji wa filamu na vipindi vya televisheni nchini [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa ushirikiano wake wa muda mrefu wa kitaaluma na kibinafsi na timu ya ucheshi ya The Three Stooges kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1940]] na kuendelea.<ref>"United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JPZW-73V : {{Retrieved|access-date=March 2, 2013}}), Norman Maurer, November 1986.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1986]] 890sts901ka0krez2i0prpngg6rmegv 0 237843 1548799 2026-05-23T04:13:23Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Mohamed Yussuf''' (Kisomali: ''Cali Maxamed Yuusuf''), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Guray, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About: Ali Mohamed Yussuf|url=https://dbpedia.org/page/Ali_Mohamed_Yussuf|work=dbpedia.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> Hapo awali aliwahi kuwa: * Mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya [[Bandari]] na Uvuvi ya Somaliland * Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Kuondoa [[Jeshi]] (National Demobilization Commission - NDC)...' 1548799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Mohamed Yussuf''' (Kisomali: ''Cali Maxamed Yuusuf''), anayejulikana zaidi kama Ali Guray, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About: Ali Mohamed Yussuf|url=https://dbpedia.org/page/Ali_Mohamed_Yussuf|work=dbpedia.org|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> Hapo awali aliwahi kuwa: * Mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya [[Bandari]] na Uvuvi ya Somaliland * Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Kuondoa [[Jeshi]] (National Demobilization Commission - NDC) Kwa sasa yeye ni mwanachama wa chama tawala cha Kulmiye (Peace, Unity, and Development Party) nchini Somaliland. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] r936na1puatvnvjwvx3ibfujosna24b 0 237844 1548800 2026-05-23T04:14:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Warren MacKenzie''' ([[Februari 16]], [[1924]] – [[Desemba 31]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[ufinyanzi|mfinyanzi]] wa ufundi nchini [[Marekani]] na mara nyingi alijulikana kama "bwana" au "baba" wa sanaa ya ufinyanzi ya [[Amerika]] katika mila ya mingei<ref name="Riddle2">{{cite magazine |last=Riddle |first=Mason |date=2007-07-02 |title=Minnesota Master: Warren MacKenzie |url=https://mnartists.walkerart.org/minnesota-master-warren-mackenzie |magazine=Mn Arti...' 1548800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Warren MacKenzie''' ([[Februari 16]], [[1924]] – [[Desemba 31]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[ufinyanzi|mfinyanzi]] wa ufundi nchini [[Marekani]] na mara nyingi alijulikana kama "bwana" au "baba" wa sanaa ya ufinyanzi ya [[Amerika]] katika mila ya mingei<ref name="Riddle2">{{cite magazine |last=Riddle |first=Mason |date=2007-07-02 |title=Minnesota Master: Warren MacKenzie |url=https://mnartists.walkerart.org/minnesota-master-warren-mackenzie |magazine=Mn Artists |location= |publisher=The Walker Art Center |access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref><ref name="TAM">{{cite book|title=The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia|year=2006|publisher=Indiana Univ. Press|location=Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]|isbn=9780253348869|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3Xn7jMx1RYC&pg=PA561 |page=561-562}}</ref>. Aliamini sana katika ufinyanzi wa matumizi na, licha ya kuweza kupata bei za juu katika matunzio, aliweka vipande vyake kwa bei nafuu katika chumba chake cha maonyesho cha kujihudumia ili watu wahisi wanaweza kutumia kazi zake.<ref name="Silberman">{{cite interview |last=MacKenzie |first=Warren |date=2002-10-29 |title=Oral history interview with Warren MacKenzie, 2002 October 29 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-warren-mackenzie-12417 |interviewer-last=Silberman |interviewer-first=Robert |publisher=Archives of American Art, Smithsonian |access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref><ref name="Geraghty">{{cite news |last=Geraghty |first=Helen |date=1987-06-28 |title=Minnesota's Skillful Potters |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1987/06/28/182787.html?zoom=15.83 |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] optcnywoc9dt9es0ppcuc2s27tl21o6 0 237845 1548801 2026-05-23T04:16:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isse Ahmed Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Ciise Axmed Yuusuf'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2017 hadi Machi 2019, alipofutwa [[kazi]] kufuatia madai ya rushwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Sacks Corrupt Ministers|url=https://menafn.com/1098338357/Somaliland-President-Bihi-Sacks-Corrupt-Ministers|work=menafn.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=MENAFN}}</ref>...' 1548801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isse Ahmed Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Ciise Axmed Yuusuf'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2017 hadi Machi 2019, alipofutwa [[kazi]] kufuatia madai ya rushwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Sacks Corrupt Ministers|url=https://menafn.com/1098338357/Somaliland-President-Bihi-Sacks-Corrupt-Ministers|work=menafn.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=MENAFN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wasiirka Difaaca Somaliland oo Jawaab Adag ka bixiyay Hadal ka Soo Yeedhay Madaxweynaha Cusub ee Puntland {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2019/01/12/wasiirka-difaaca-somaliland-oo-jawaab-adag-ka-bixiyay-hadal-ka-soo-yeedhay-madaxweynaha-cusub-ee-puntland/|date=2019-01-12|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] h62so4ymgka33ccbqujr86lq33h7bpb 1548913 1548801 2026-05-23T09:42:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isse Ahmed Yusuf''' (Kisomali: ''Ciise Axmed Yuusuf'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi wa Somaliland kuanzia Desemba 2017 hadi Machi 2019, alipofutwa [[kazi]] kufuatia madai ya rushwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somaliland: President Bihi Sacks Corrupt Ministers|url=https://menafn.com/1098338357/Somaliland-President-Bihi-Sacks-Corrupt-Ministers|work=menafn.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=MENAFN}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasiirka Difaaca Somaliland oo Jawaab Adag ka bixiyay Hadal ka Soo Yeedhay Madaxweynaha Cusub ee Puntland {{!}} Wargeyska Dawan|url=https://wargeyskadawan.com/2019/01/12/wasiirka-difaaca-somaliland-oo-jawaab-adag-ka-bixiyay-hadal-ka-soo-yeedhay-madaxweynaha-cusub-ee-puntland/|date=2019-01-12|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] n4w5unpbzxggwlyzgm13h0neiixfq4x 0 237846 1548807 2026-05-23T04:45:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Nelson Sullivan''' ([[Machi 15]], [[1948]] – [[Julai 4]], [[1989]]) alikuwa mchukua video nchini [[Marekani]] aliyeandika maisha ya eneo la sanaa na klabu za Downtown, [[Manhattan]] kuanzia [[1976]] hadi kifo chake. Video zake mamia ziliandika maisha ya kila siku jijini, usiku wa kutwa nje, na wakati wa faragha na marafiki katika jamii ya burudani ya eneo hilo, wakiwemo [[RuPaul]], [[Keith Haring]], [[Sylvia Miles]], [[Larry Tee]], Susanne Bart...' 1548807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Nelson Sullivan''' ([[Machi 15]], [[1948]] – [[Julai 4]], [[1989]]) alikuwa mchukua video nchini [[Marekani]] aliyeandika maisha ya eneo la sanaa na klabu za Downtown, [[Manhattan]] kuanzia [[1976]] hadi kifo chake. Video zake mamia ziliandika maisha ya kila siku jijini, usiku wa kutwa nje, na wakati wa faragha na marafiki katika jamii ya burudani ya eneo hilo, wakiwemo [[RuPaul]], [[Keith Haring]], [[Sylvia Miles]], [[Larry Tee]], [[Susanne Bartsch]], [[Tom Rubnitz]], [[Lady Bunny]], [[Phoebe Legere]], [[Michael Musto]], [[Ethyl Eichelberger]], [[John Sex]], na [[Michael Alig]].<ref name="vice">{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/remembering-downtowns-documentarian-nelson-sullivan/ |title=Remembering New York's Downtown Documentarian Nelson Sullivan |last=Colucci |first=Emily |date=July 7, 2014 |website=Vice |publisher=Vice Media |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] s9cg67uw4kzxb6jsd621ei6msak7lpz 0 237847 1548808 2026-05-23T04:54:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 28]], [[1946]]) ni mpiga picha za kisanaa , mbunifu, mwananadharia wa rangi, msanii wa dijiti, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GW Fine Arts + Art History 2012 Summer Newsletter |url=https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020223927/https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc8...' 1548808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 28]], [[1946]]) ni mpiga picha za kisanaa , mbunifu, mwananadharia wa rangi, msanii wa dijiti, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GW Fine Arts + Art History 2012 Summer Newsletter |url=https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020223927/https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9u9vm8y4tqqufsik4u05asyjhviwyv7 1548936 1548808 2026-05-23T09:50:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 28]], [[1946]]) ni mpiga picha za kisanaa , mbunifu, mwananadharia wa rangi, msanii wa dijiti, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=GW Fine Arts + Art History 2012 Summer Newsletter |url=https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020223927/https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 84nxigjzloon1pvbopt46toxec6q0is 0 237848 1548810 2026-05-23T05:03:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Stein''' ([[Aprili 10]], [[1912]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[2001]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo nchini [[Marekani]] na mhusika mkuu katika uanzishwaji wa usanifu wa kisasa katika eneo la San Francisco Bay kwenye miaka ya [[1940]] na [[1950]] wakati wa siku za mwanzo za harakati ya usanifu wa mazingira. Mwaka 1952, alihamia [[Uhindi]] na mwaka [[1955]] alipewa jukumu la kupanga mji wa Durgapur huko [[West Bengal]], Uhindi pamoja na [[Benjamin Polk]].<re...' 1548810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Stein''' ([[Aprili 10]], [[1912]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[2001]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo nchini [[Marekani]] na mhusika mkuu katika uanzishwaji wa usanifu wa kisasa katika eneo la San Francisco Bay kwenye miaka ya [[1940]] na [[1950]] wakati wa siku za mwanzo za harakati ya usanifu wa mazingira. Mwaka 1952, alihamia [[Uhindi]] na mwaka [[1955]] alipewa jukumu la kupanga mji wa Durgapur huko [[West Bengal]], Uhindi pamoja na [[Benjamin Polk]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-09|title=In Delhi's 'Steinabad', buildings bridge tradition and modernity|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/building-blocks-a-walk-in-the-park-5483453/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] t7v2mb4m2qzeq8xgdcoytg2xos0998f 1548959 1548810 2026-05-23T09:59:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Stein''' ([[Aprili 10]], [[1912]] – [[Oktoba 6]], [[2001]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo nchini [[Marekani]] na mhusika mkuu katika uanzishwaji wa usanifu wa kisasa katika eneo la San Francisco Bay kwenye miaka ya [[1940]] na [[1950]] wakati wa siku za mwanzo za harakati ya usanifu wa mazingira. Mwaka 1952, alihamia [[Uhindi]] na mwaka [[1955]] alipewa jukumu la kupanga mji wa Durgapur huko [[West Bengal]], Uhindi pamoja na [[Benjamin Polk]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-12-09|title=In Delhi's 'Steinabad', buildings bridge tradition and modernity|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/building-blocks-a-walk-in-the-park-5483453/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1912]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] ow0om9rre5rg5j6kq3wedz4nn0o9ev2 0 237849 1548811 2026-05-23T05:08:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernard Joseph Steffen''' ([[1907]] – [[1980]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uandishi wake. Alikuwa sehemu ya American Scene na alifanya kazi katika Federal Art Project ya Works Progress Administration.<ref name="AskArt">{{cite web |title=Bernard Joseph Steffen |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Bernard_Joseph_Steffen/72973/Bernard_Joseph_Steffen.aspx |website=AskArt |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflis...' 1548811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Joseph Steffen''' ([[1907]] – [[1980]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uandishi wake. Alikuwa sehemu ya American Scene na alifanya kazi katika Federal Art Project ya Works Progress Administration.<ref name="AskArt">{{cite web |title=Bernard Joseph Steffen |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Bernard_Joseph_Steffen/72973/Bernard_Joseph_Steffen.aspx |website=AskArt |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1980]] cw589fx6e9zok05v7k328bsn75xz6ui 0 237850 1548812 2026-05-23T05:11:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harold Dunham Speakman''' ([[Novemba 30]], [[1888]] – [[Septemba 24]], [[1928]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] wa mapema karne ya 20.Aliyejulikana zaidi kwa masimulizi yake ya usafiri ''Here's Ireland'' ([[1925]]) na ''Mostly Mississippi'' ([[1927]]).<ref>Florence Finch Kelly, “Lounging Down the Mississippi,” review of ''Mostly Mississippi'' by Harold Speakman, ''New York Times'', June 17, 1928, 57.</ref> == Marejeo == {...' 1548812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harold Dunham Speakman''' ([[Novemba 30]], [[1888]] – [[Septemba 24]], [[1928]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] wa mapema karne ya 20.Aliyejulikana zaidi kwa masimulizi yake ya usafiri ''Here's Ireland'' ([[1925]]) na ''Mostly Mississippi'' ([[1927]]).<ref>Florence Finch Kelly, “Lounging Down the Mississippi,” review of ''Mostly Mississippi'' by Harold Speakman, ''New York Times'', June 17, 1928, 57.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1888]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1928]] 9x0wj8z5s17p97ixp8fxgfk2d0gxrzv 0 237851 1548817 2026-05-23T05:28:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Smithson''' ([[Januari 2]], [[1938]] – [[Julai 20]], [[1973]]) alikuwa msanii wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa uchongaji na sanaa ya ardhi(land art) ambaye mara nyingi alitumia uchoraji wa ardhini na upigaji picha angani. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa vuguvugu la sanaa ya ardhi, na kazi yake maarufu zaidi ni ''[[Spiral Jetty]]'' ([[1970]]). Alifariki katika ajali ya ndege akiwa na umri wa miaka 35 wakati akipiga picha eneo la Spiral Jetty ku...' 1548817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Smithson''' ([[Januari 2]], [[1938]] – [[Julai 20]], [[1973]]) alikuwa msanii wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa uchongaji na sanaa ya ardhi(land art) ambaye mara nyingi alitumia uchoraji wa ardhini na upigaji picha angani. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa vuguvugu la sanaa ya ardhi, na kazi yake maarufu zaidi ni ''[[Spiral Jetty]]'' ([[1970]]). Alifariki katika ajali ya ndege akiwa na umri wa miaka 35 wakati akipiga picha eneo la Spiral Jetty kutoka angani.<ref>Cummings, Paul, [http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-robert-smithson-12013 "Interview with Robert Smithson"], Archive of American Artists oral history webpage, conducted July 14 and 19, 1972. Retrieved July 16, 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1973]] mgz1rkrvovv74qm10u062de6a5dynhw 0 237852 1548818 2026-05-23T05:30:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Tom Atkins (amezaliwa 13 Novemba 1935)<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.horrorsociety.com/2015/11/13/born-on-this-day-in-horror-history-november-13-2/|title=Born](https://www.horrorsociety.com/2015/11/13/born-on-this-day-in-horror-history-november-13-2/|title=Born) on this day in horror history – November 13|website=Horror Society|author=Michael Juvinall|date=November 13, 2015}}</ref> ni mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake katika fila...' 1548818 wikitext text/x-wiki Tom Atkins (amezaliwa 13 Novemba 1935)<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.horrorsociety.com/2015/11/13/born-on-this-day-in-horror-history-november-13-2/|title=Born](https://www.horrorsociety.com/2015/11/13/born-on-this-day-in-horror-history-november-13-2/|title=Born) on this day in horror history – November 13|website=Horror Society|author=Michael Juvinall|date=November 13, 2015}}</ref> ni mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake katika filamu za kutisha na kusisimua, ambapo amefanya kazi na waandishi na waongozaji kama Shane Black, William Peter Blatty, John Carpenter, Fred Dekker, Richard Donner, Stephen King na George A. Romero. Pia anajulikana kwa watazamaji wa kawaida wa filamu na televisheni, mara nyingi akicheza majukumu ya polisi au viongozi wagumu na wa mamlaka. Huenda anafahamika zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Luteni Alex Diehl katika The Rockford Files (1974–1977). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ew6pmpefimgj64ycrk80zp4pfayltga 0 237853 1548819 2026-05-23T05:40:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kurt Sluizer''' ([[Aprili 26]], [[1911]] – [[Novemba 14]], [[1988]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Kurt-Sluizer/6000000035675136157 |title=Kurt Sluizer |publisher=Geni.com |accessdate=2022-07-10 }}</ref> alikuwa [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Uholanzi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]]' 1548819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kurt Sluizer''' ([[Aprili 26]], [[1911]] – [[Novemba 14]], [[1988]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Kurt-Sluizer/6000000035675136157 |title=Kurt Sluizer |publisher=Geni.com |accessdate=2022-07-10 }}</ref> alikuwa [[msanii]] mwenye asili ya [[Uholanzi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] 5crqk6auasdrp0tlxnp68bdllzqgbnj 0 237854 1548822 2026-05-23T05:43:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Mills Sheldon''' ([[Juni 24]], [[1866]] – [[Machi 14]], [[1928]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] za vita , [[msanii]], na [[mchoraji]] picha za vitabu, aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]], ambaye alihamia [[Ulaya]] mwaka 1890. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake kama mwandishi wa habari wa vita na kwa michoro yake ya magazeti na vitabu.<ref name=Passport>{{ cite book |last=Sheldon |first=Charles Mills |title=Passport Application |date=1918-02-25 |publisher=US Emb...' 1548822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Mills Sheldon''' ([[Juni 24]], [[1866]] – [[Machi 14]], [[1928]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] za vita , [[msanii]], na [[mchoraji]] picha za vitabu, aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]], ambaye alihamia [[Ulaya]] mwaka 1890. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake kama mwandishi wa habari wa vita na kwa michoro yake ya magazeti na vitabu.<ref name=Passport>{{ cite book |last=Sheldon |first=Charles Mills |title=Passport Application |date=1918-02-25 |publisher=US Embassy |location=London }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1866]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1928]] baavqm939kr64k0rb1odpftzh6stxb3 0 237855 1548823 2026-05-23T05:58:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William P. Atkinson''' (14 Mei 1901 – Novemba 1980)<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fold3.com/record/48026230-william-atkinson|title=William](https://www.fold3.com/record/48026230-william-atkinson|title=William) Atkinson|publisher=Fold3|accessdate=June 4, 2020}}</ref> alikuwa mwanachama wa Wisconsin State Assembly. == Wasifu == Atkinson alizaliwa tarehe 14 Mei 1901 katika Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. Alisoma shule ya sekondari katika San Antonio, Texas...' 1548823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William P. Atkinson''' (14 Mei 1901 – Novemba 1980)<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fold3.com/record/48026230-william-atkinson|title=William](https://www.fold3.com/record/48026230-william-atkinson|title=William) Atkinson|publisher=Fold3|accessdate=June 4, 2020}}</ref> alikuwa mwanachama wa Wisconsin State Assembly. == Wasifu == Atkinson alizaliwa tarehe 14 Mei 1901 katika Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. Alisoma shule ya sekondari katika San Antonio, Texas na Erie, Pennsylvania kabla ya kuhitimu kutoka Pennsylvania State University. Wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia, alihudumu katikaUnited States Navy.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2194&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=People&letter=A|title=Atkinson](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2194&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=People&letter=A|title=Atkinson), William P. 1901|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2012-01-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1901|1980}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 3p1nwmojsy42y7bb17h3n8o7tf0mdom 0 237856 1548826 2026-05-23T06:02:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John F. Auer''' (1866 – 28 Machi 1951) alikuwa baharia katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa watu 193 waliotunukiwa Medal of Honor kwa matukio yasiyohusisha mapigano.<ref>[[http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/war/1_a_main.html](http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/war/1_a_main.html)] The Hall of Heroes; accessed December 6, 2009.</ref> Utaratibu huo wa utoaji wa tuzo kwa matukio yasiyo ya kivita baadaye ulisitishwa kisheria. Pia al...' 1548826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John F. Auer''' (1866 – 28 Machi 1951) alikuwa baharia katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa watu 193 waliotunukiwa Medal of Honor kwa matukio yasiyohusisha mapigano.<ref>[[http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/war/1_a_main.html](http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/war/1_a_main.html)] The Hall of Heroes; accessed December 6, 2009.</ref> Utaratibu huo wa utoaji wa tuzo kwa matukio yasiyo ya kivita baadaye ulisitishwa kisheria. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa watu 3,449 pekee waliowahi kupokea tuzo hiyo.<ref>[[http://www.cmohs.org/medal-statistics.php](http://www.cmohs.org/medal-statistics.php) Congressional Medal of Honor Society Statistics], Page; accessed December 6, 2009</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1866|1951}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] t69m6cnnyo2blwynqnr0gwpam2rhdz2 0 237857 1548827 2026-05-23T06:04:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lonnie Odell Aulds''' (14 Agosti 1925 – 22 Machi 1984) alikuwa mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], Louisiana, ambaye pia alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Democratic katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana. Aliiwakilisha Shreveport katika Parokia ya Caddo kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Louisiana]]. Alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja kuanzia mwaka 1968 hadi 1972.<ref name=house>{{cite web|url=[http://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/members/h1812-...' 1548827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lonnie Odell Aulds''' (14 Agosti 1925 – 22 Machi 1984) alikuwa mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], Louisiana, ambaye pia alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Democratic katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana. Aliiwakilisha Shreveport katika Parokia ya Caddo kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Louisiana]]. Alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja kuanzia mwaka 1968 hadi 1972.<ref name=house>{{cite web|url=[http://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/members/h1812-2012.pdf](http://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/members/h1812-2012.pdf) |title=Membership of the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812–2012 |publisher=legis.la.gov |access-date=July 8, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235758/http://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/members/h1812-2012.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235758/http://www.legis.la.gov/legisdocs/members/h1812-2012.pdf) |archive-date=October 4, 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|1984}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 0lolmlv718rzi6kfj1go1wm4rhg5263 0 237858 1548828 2026-05-23T06:08:41Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Austin Wesley Rogers''' (alizaliwa kama '''Austin Wesley Rapes'''; 27 Februari 1929 – 13 Agosti 1981) alikuwa mieleka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la ulingoni la "'''Killer''' '''Buddy Austin'''".<ref name="Hornbaker2017">{{cite book|author=Tim Hornbaker|title=Legends of Pro Wrestling: 150 Years of Headlocks, Body Slams, and Piledrivers|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UuGLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT463|date=3](https://bo...' 1548828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austin Wesley Rogers''' (alizaliwa kama '''Austin Wesley Rapes'''; 27 Februari 1929 – 13 Agosti 1981) alikuwa mieleka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la ulingoni la "'''Killer''' '''Buddy Austin'''".<ref name="Hornbaker2017">{{cite book|author=Tim Hornbaker|title=Legends of Pro Wrestling: 150 Years of Headlocks, Body Slams, and Piledrivers|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UuGLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT463|date=3](https://books.google.com/books?id=UuGLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT463|date=3) January 2017|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-61321-875-4|pages=462–463}}</ref><ref name="Cagematch">{{cite web|url=[https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=2149|title=Buddy](https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=2149|title=Buddy) Austin|work=Cagematch.de|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuonekana kwake katika kampuni ya mieleka ya [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] iitwayo Worldwide Wrestling Associates katikati ya miaka ya 1960, ambapo alitwaa ubingwa wa WWA World Heavyweight Championship na WWA World Tag Team Championship mara tatu kila mmoja. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|1981}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] clw0qfz4yec3bluolajo0xghp4xvx3d 0 237859 1548829 2026-05-23T06:16:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wesley Autrey''' (amezaliwa 6 Februari 1956), aliyepewa majina na vyombo vya habari kama '''Subway Samaritan''', '''Subway Superman''', '''Hero of Harlem''', na '''Subway Hero''', ni mfanyakazi wa ujenzi kutoka [[New York City]] na mkongwe wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2007 alipata umaarufu wa kimataifa baada ya kumuokoa Cameron Hollopeter, mwanafunzi wa filamu aliyepatwa na degedege na kuanguka kwenye reli, dhidi ya kugongwa na treni ya N...' 1548829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wesley Autrey''' (amezaliwa 6 Februari 1956), aliyepewa majina na vyombo vya habari kama '''Subway Samaritan''', '''Subway Superman''', '''Hero of Harlem''', na '''Subway Hero''', ni mfanyakazi wa ujenzi kutoka [[New York City]] na mkongwe wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2007 alipata umaarufu wa kimataifa baada ya kumuokoa Cameron Hollopeter, mwanafunzi wa filamu aliyepatwa na degedege na kuanguka kwenye reli, dhidi ya kugongwa na treni ya New York City Subway.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6231971.stm](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6231971.stm) |title=NY subway 'hero' saves teenager |access-date=January 5, 2007 |work=BBC News Online |date=January 4, 2007}}</ref> Alijumuishwa katika orodha ya watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani ya mwaka 2007 ya jarida la Time iitwayo "Time 100]]", akiwa na wasifu wa heshima ulioandikwa na [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="time100">{{cite magazine |title=The Time 100 – Wesley Autrey |url=[http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615754_1615746,00.html](http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615754_1615746,00.html) |author=Trump, Donald |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 3, 2007 |access-date=May 5, 2007 |authorlink=Donald Trump| archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180325144602/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615754_1615746,00.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180325144602/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615754_1615746,00.html) |archive-date=March 25, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] tbn47o7erz5h4lmks0z8y4rak93omn7 0 237860 1548831 2026-05-23T06:24:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James La Rue Avery''' (27 Novemba 1945 – 31 Desemba 2013) alikuwa mwigizaji kutoka Marekani. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Philip Banks katika ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', Jaji Michael Conover katika ''L.A. Law'', Steve Yeager katika ''The Brady Bunch Movie'', na Dkt. Crippen katika ''The Closer'' (2005–2007). Pia alikuwa mwigizaji wa sauti wa Shredder katika ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles '' na Haroud Hazi Bin katika ''[laddin.'' ==...' 1548831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James La Rue Avery''' (27 Novemba 1945 – 31 Desemba 2013) alikuwa mwigizaji kutoka Marekani. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Philip Banks katika ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', Jaji Michael Conover katika ''L.A. Law'', Steve Yeager katika ''The Brady Bunch Movie'', na Dkt. Crippen katika ''The Closer'' (2005–2007). Pia alikuwa mwigizaji wa sauti wa Shredder katika ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles '' na Haroud Hazi Bin katika ''[laddin.'' == Maisha ya awali == Avery alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1945 katika Pughsville, Virginia (eneo ambalo kwa sasa ni sehemu ya Suffolk, Virginia), kwa mama yake Florence J. Avery.<ref name=nytobit>{{cite news |last=Keepnews |first=Peter |title=James Avery, 'Fresh Prince' Actor, Dies at 68 |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/arts/television/james-avery-fresh-prince-actor-dies-at-68.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/arts/television/james-avery-fresh-prince-actor-dies-at-68.html) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 1, 2014|access-date=June 16, 2014|archive-date=August 29, 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240829084444/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/arts/television/james-avery-fresh-prince-actor-dies-at-68.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20240829084444/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/arts/television/james-avery-fresh-prince-actor-dies-at-68.html|url-status=live}})</ref> Baba yake alikataa kuwa mzazi wake na hakutajwa katika cheti chake cha kuzaliwa. Akiwa kijana, mama yake alimhamishia [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref name=nytobit /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 9tovw6e9ye21r43y44z2itle8pq53fu 0 237861 1548832 2026-05-23T06:30:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph B. Aviles Sr.''' (3 Februari 1897 – 22 Februari 1990) alihudumu katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy na baadaye katika United States Coast Guard. Tarehe 28 Septemba 1925, Aviles alikuwa Mhispania wa kwanza kufikia cheo cha Chief Petty Officer katika Jeshi la Walinzi wa Pwani la Marekani. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], alipandishwa cheo wakati wa vita kuwa Chief Warrant Officer, na hivyo kuwa Mhispania wa kwanza pia kufikia cheo hicho....' 1548832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph B. Aviles Sr.''' (3 Februari 1897 – 22 Februari 1990) alihudumu katika [[Marekani|United States]] Navy na baadaye katika United States Coast Guard. Tarehe 28 Septemba 1925, Aviles alikuwa Mhispania wa kwanza kufikia cheo cha Chief Petty Officer katika Jeshi la Walinzi wa Pwani la Marekani. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], alipandishwa cheo wakati wa vita kuwa Chief Warrant Officer, na hivyo kuwa Mhispania wa kwanza pia kufikia cheo hicho.<ref name="HA">[[https://archive.today/20120805221243/http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/HispanicAmericansChronology.asp](https://archive.today/20120805221243/http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/HispanicAmericansChronology.asp) site United States Coast Guard-Hispanic Americans Chronology]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1897|1990}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] jzr8sb7flbm8f6kv5p0jw1puyf9h3vt 0 237862 1548834 2026-05-23T06:32:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Perry Shall''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Philadelphia]], alishinda tuzo ya [[Grammy Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLuca |first=Dan |date=2024-01-26 |title=Perry Shall has created art for the Black Keys, Green Day, and Kurt Vile. Now the Philly artist is up for a Grammy |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/music/perry-shall-philadelphia-album-design-20240126.html |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=inquirer.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web...' 1548834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Perry Shall''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayeishi [[Philadelphia]], alishinda tuzo ya [[Grammy Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLuca |first=Dan |date=2024-01-26 |title=Perry Shall has created art for the Black Keys, Green Day, and Kurt Vile. Now the Philly artist is up for a Grammy |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/music/perry-shall-philadelphia-album-design-20240126.html |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=inquirer.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Perry Shall, the Vintage T-Shirt Collector and Art School Dropout Who's Nominated for a Grammy |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/music/perry-shall/perry-shall-grammys-2024-interview |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Paste Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kazi yake ilijumuisha muziki, akicheza katika bendi kama ''Dry Feet'', ''Hound'', na ''Wildflowers of America''. Alibuni sanaa kwa wasanii kama The Black Keys, Shannon and the Clams, na wanamuziki wa lebo ya Easy Eye Sound.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-31 |title=How Philly's Perry Shall went from basement show punk to in-house artist for Dan Auerbach |url=https://xpn.org/2018/01/31/perry-shall-dan-auerbach/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=WXPN {{!}} Vinyl At Heart |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dudisq74jx47odkrahrcxguq49y9i8h 0 237863 1548835 2026-05-23T06:34:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jack Francis Avina'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack](https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack) Francis Avina was born on January 30, 1929 in Madera County, California|website=californiabirthindex.org|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> (30 Januari 1929 – 4 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa kocha wa mpi...' 1548835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Francis Avina'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack](https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack) Francis Avina was born on January 30, 1929 in Madera County, California|website=californiabirthindex.org|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> (30 Januari 1929 – 4 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa kocha wa mpira wa kikapu wa vyuo vikuu kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa kazi yake kama kocha mkuu wa timu ya NCAA Division I katika University of Portland, ambapo alihudumu kwa misimu 17. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] n8ut5qvmmxsg062gnrm25ye1gfcbkt7 1548914 1548835 2026-05-23T09:44:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Francis Avina'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack](https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jack_francis_avina_born_1929_1256451|title=Jack) Francis Avina was born on January 30, 1929 in Madera County, California|website=californiabirthindex.org|publisher=[[California Birth Index]]|access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> (30 Januari 1929 – 4 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa kocha wa mpira wa kikapu wa vyuo vikuu kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa kazi yake kama kocha mkuu wa timu ya NCAA Division I katika University of Portland, ambapo alihudumu kwa misimu 17. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] m4f2rcm7obkdqqy9t9xz2pon1p5q605 0 237864 1548837 2026-05-23T06:40:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Albert "Albie" Axelrod''' (12 Februari 1921 – 24 Februari 2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html](http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050101034610/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20050101034610/http://sportsillus...' 1548837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert "Albie" Axelrod''' (12 Februari 1921 – 24 Februari 2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html](http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050101034610/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20050101034610/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/scorecard/12/30/2004sports.deaths/index.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 1, 2005 |title=Saying Goodbye – Remembering those in the sports world who died in 2004 |date=December 30, 2004 |publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]] |accessdate=November 2, 2007}}</ref> alikuwa mwanamichezo wa [[Marekani]] wa mchezo wa uzio wa mapanga, aliyebobea katika aina ya Foil .<ref name="JewishSportsNet">{{cite web |url=[http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm](http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm) |title=Albert Axelrod |accessdate=March 31, 2014| archiveurl= [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010054638/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm|](https://web.archive.org/web/20071010054638/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/AlbertAxelrod.htm|) archivedate= 10 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1921|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 74kcx6fiho14iot57crk5yv441dfu1z 0 237865 1548838 2026-05-23T06:41:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Serra''' ([[Novemba 2]], [[1938]] – [[Machi 26]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uchongaji wake wa sanaa dhahania uliotengenezwa kwa ajili ya mazingira maalum ya mandhari, mijini, na majengo. Alielezewa kama "mmoja wa wachongaji wakubwa wa enzi yake," Serra alijulikana kwa kusisitiza sifa za nyenzo za kazi zake na uchunguzi wa uhusiano kati ya mtazamaji, kazi, na eneo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Roberta...' 1548838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Serra''' ([[Novemba 2]], [[1938]] – [[Machi 26]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyejulikana kwa uchongaji wake wa sanaa dhahania uliotengenezwa kwa ajili ya mazingira maalum ya mandhari, mijini, na majengo. Alielezewa kama "mmoja wa wachongaji wakubwa wa enzi yake," Serra alijulikana kwa kusisitiza sifa za nyenzo za kazi zake na uchunguzi wa uhusiano kati ya mtazamaji, kazi, na eneo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Roberta |date=March 26, 2024 |title=Richard Serra, Who Recast Sculpture on a Massive Scale, Dies at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/26/arts/richard-serra-dead.html |access-date=March 26, 2024 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326232109/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/26/arts/richard-serra-dead.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] 3vu0bbz7uzn51curfejh61yy87wnifj 0 237866 1548841 2026-05-23T06:49:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marty Greenbaum''' ([[1934]] huko [[New York City]] – [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]], msanii katika sanaa ya mchanganyiko wa vitu, na mtengenezaji vitabu nchini [[Marekani]]. <ref> catalog on documenta 6 / Volume 3: Hand drawings, utopian design, books; Page 316 Kassel 1977 {{ISBN|3-920453-00-X}} </ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCormack |first1=Jeannie |title=Remembering Artist Marty Greenbaum (1934-2020) |journal=Gallery & Studio, Arts Journal |dat...' 1548841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marty Greenbaum''' ([[1934]] huko [[New York City]] – [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]], msanii katika sanaa ya mchanganyiko wa vitu, na mtengenezaji vitabu nchini [[Marekani]]. <ref> catalog on documenta 6 / Volume 3: Hand drawings, utopian design, books; Page 316 Kassel 1977 {{ISBN|3-920453-00-X}} </ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCormack |first1=Jeannie |title=Remembering Artist Marty Greenbaum (1934-2020) |journal=Gallery & Studio, Arts Journal |date=3 January 2021 |volume=2 |issue=Fall 2020 |url=https://www.galleryand.studio/2021/01/03/remembering-artist-marty-greenbaum-1934-2020/ |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] m8dj6aoywi0jxqucugm82jksnyhx63x 0 237867 1548843 2026-05-23T06:54:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shaban Jafari''' (19 Agosti 1921 – 21 Machi 2006), pia akijulikana kama '''[[Mila na desturi za Pahlevani na Zoorkhaneh|Pahlevan]]''' '''Shaban Jafari'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=«قسمتی از خاطرات پهلوان ⁧‫«شعبان جعفری‬⁩ » و هوچی گری های ضدپهلوی های کارکشته مثل «هالو» |url=https://www.balatarin.com/permlink/2023/5/26/5994752 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=با...' 1548843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaban Jafari''' (19 Agosti 1921 – 21 Machi 2006), pia akijulikana kama '''[[Mila na desturi za Pahlevani na Zoorkhaneh|Pahlevan]]''' '''Shaban Jafari'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=«قسمتی از خاطرات پهلوان ⁧‫«شعبان جعفری‬⁩ » و هوچی گری های ضدپهلوی های کارکشته مثل «هالو» |url=https://www.balatarin.com/permlink/2023/5/26/5994752 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=بالاترین |language=fa}}</ref>({{fa|پهلوان شعبان جعفری|Pahlaven Sha'bān Jafari|links=no}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=شعبان جعفری تا در جبهه مصدق بود "پهلوان شعبان جعفری" بود اما راهش را که جدا کرد ، شد "شعبان بی مخ" |url=https://www.balatarin.com/permlink/2018/10/31/4960077 |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=بالاترین |language=fa}}</ref> na [[Utawala wa Pahlavi nchini Iran|waungaji mkono wa utawala wa Pahlavi]], au '''Shaban Mvisha-Taji''' ({{fa|شعبان تاجبخش|Sha'bān-e Tājbakhsh|links=no}}), au '''Shaban Bi-Mokh''' (Shaban Mwendawazimu) na wapinzani wa utawala wa Pahlavi, alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] na mchezaji wa [[Mila na desturi za Pahlevani na Zoorkhaneh|michezo ya jadi ya nguvu ya Pahlevani]]. Akiwa mtu mwenye utata mkubwa katika siasa za [[Irani|Iran]], alihusika kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kupinduliwa kwa serikali ya Waziri Mkuu [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] wakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Iran ya 1953]].<ref>Gölz, [https://www.academia.edu/40997855/G%C3%B6lz_The_Dangerous_Classes_and_the_1953_Coup_in_Iran_On_the_Decline_of_lutigari_Masculinities._In_Crime_Poverty_and_Survival_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_The_Dangerous_Classes_since_1800._Edited_by_Stephanie_Cronin_177_90._London_I.B._Tauris_2019 "The Dangerous Classes and the 1953 Coup in Iran. On the Decline of 'lutigari' Masculinities."] In Crime, Poverty and Survival in the Middle East. Edited by Stephanie Cronin, 177–90. London: I.B. Tauris, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/story/2006/08/060820_mv-mb-shaban-jafari |title=BBCPersian.com |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlNqwlwxzv4&pp=0gcJCdgAo7VqN5tD |title=حقایق پنهان شده از شعبان جعفری توسط جمهوری اسلامی هفتاد سال بعد از ۲۸ مرداد!!! |date=2024-07-11 |last=پارانرمال |access-date=2025-04-19 |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1921|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 4d3xf9pfz3gzcdz733akt2615zrgxoj 0 237868 1548845 2026-05-23T07:01:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amanollah Jahanbani''' ( 1891 – 1 Februari 1974) alikuwa mwanafamilia wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]] ya [[Irani|Iran]] na jenerali mwandamizi wa [[Reza Shah|Reza Shah Pahlavi]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1895, Jahanbani alikuwa mtoto wa jenerali [[Amanullah Mirza Jahanbani]] na kupitia kwake akawa kitukuu wa [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Centers of Power in Iran|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization...' 1548845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amanollah Jahanbani''' ( 1891 – 1 Februari 1974) alikuwa mwanafamilia wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]] ya [[Irani|Iran]] na jenerali mwandamizi wa [[Reza Shah|Reza Shah Pahlavi]]. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1895, Jahanbani alikuwa mtoto wa jenerali [[Amanullah Mirza Jahanbani]] na kupitia kwake akawa kitukuu wa [[Fath-Ali Shah Qajar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Centers of Power in Iran|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/70712.pdf|work=CIA|accessdate=5 August 2013|date=May 1972}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, alitumwa mjini [[St. Petersburg]] (Urusi) kwa ajili ya masomo, ambapo alisoma katika [[Chuo cha Mizinga cha Mihailovsky]] (Mihailovsky Artillery College) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Uhandisi na Ufundi wa Kijeshi|Akademia ya Vita ya Nikolaevsky]]. Alirejea nchini Iran kama afisa wa kijeshi mwenye cheo wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1974}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 52g53mfov2edy2atdkh47qmpbp8by2m 0 237869 1548846 2026-05-23T07:04:31Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Showkat Malek Jahanbani''' (1908 – 26 Oktoba 1995) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwalimu wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Mnamo mwaka 1963, alikuwa miongoni mwa kundi la kwanza la wanawake waliochaguliwa katika [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Ushauri]] la Iran (National Consultative Assembly). == Wasifu == Jahanbani alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1908,<ref name=WW>''Iran Who's who, Volume 3'', p227</ref> akiwa binti wa mwanamfalme wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]].<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|url=https://...' 1548846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Showkat Malek Jahanbani''' (1908 – 26 Oktoba 1995) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwalimu wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Mnamo mwaka 1963, alikuwa miongoni mwa kundi la kwanza la wanawake waliochaguliwa katika [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Ushauri]] la Iran (National Consultative Assembly). == Wasifu == Jahanbani alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1908,<ref name=WW>''Iran Who's who, Volume 3'', p227</ref> akiwa binti wa mwanamfalme wa [[Nasaba ya Qajar]].<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/DocumentsFromTheUSEspionageDen/Documents%20from%20the%20U.S.%20Espionage%20Den%20v07_djvu.txt|title=Research Study: Elites and the Distribution of Power in Iran|website=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Aliolewa na binamu yake kutoka familia ya Jahanbani.<ref name=CIA/> Alisoma katika Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Ualimu cha Tehran na baadaye akawa 'mwasisi katika elimu ya wasichana'.<ref name=GRA>Gholam Reza Afkhami (2009) [https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PA244 ''The Life and Times of the Shah''] p244</ref> Alianzisha Shule ya Iran mjini Tehran na pia alisimamia madaraja yote ya umri ya Shule ya Kitaifa ya Iran. Alianzisha Taasisi ya Utamaduni ya Iran, alihudumu kama makamu wa rais wa Baraza la Michezo la Wanawake la Iran, katibu mkuu wa Shirika la Hisani la Farah Pahlavi, alikuwa mdhamini wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Teknolojia cha Sharif|Chuo Kikuu cha Kiufundi cha Aryamehr]], na alikuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya Chama cha Simba na Jua Nyekundu cha Tehran (Red Lion and Sun Society) pamoja na Chama cha Utamaduni cha Wanawake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1908|1995}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] nv1lxfneuowzpz3isbx6aqophds3osg 0 237870 1548847 2026-05-23T07:11:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abol-Ghasem Mostafavi-Kashani''' (''Abu’l-Qāsem Kāšāni''; 19 Novemba 1882 – 14 Machi 1962<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/03/15 NYT], 15 Machi 1962, p. 35.</ref>) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] na [[Marja']] wa dhehebu la [[Shia]]. Alicheza jukumu muhimu katika mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1953 nchini Iran na kupinduliwa kwa Waziri Mkuu [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 20, 2017 |last=Allen-Ebrahimi...' 1548847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abol-Ghasem Mostafavi-Kashani''' (''Abu’l-Qāsem Kāšāni''; 19 Novemba 1882 – 14 Machi 1962<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/03/15 NYT], 15 Machi 1962, p. 35.</ref>) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] na [[Marja']] wa dhehebu la [[Shia]]. Alicheza jukumu muhimu katika mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1953 nchini Iran na kupinduliwa kwa Waziri Mkuu [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 20, 2017 |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/06/20/64-years-later-cia-finally-releases-details-of-iranian-coup-iran-tehran-oil/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620194338/https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/06/20/64-years-later-cia-finally-releases-details-of-iranian-coup-iran-tehran-oil/ |archive-date=June 20, 2017 |title=64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |language=en-US }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1882|1962}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] jhntb9ud54owd7iwu2nppchcvapti2t 0 237871 1548848 2026-05-23T07:12:52Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hoyt Wayne Axton''' (25 Machi 1938 – 26 Oktoba 1999)<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book| first= David| last= Roberts| year= 2006| title= British Hit Singles & Albums| edition= 19th| publisher= Guinness World Records, Ltd| location= London| isbn= 1-904994-10-5| page= 34}}</ref> alikuwa mwimbaji-mtunzi wa nyimbo, mpiga gitaa, na mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960, akijijengea jina katika Pwani ya...' 1548848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hoyt Wayne Axton''' (25 Machi 1938 – 26 Oktoba 1999)<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book| first= David| last= Roberts| year= 2006| title= British Hit Singles & Albums| edition= 19th| publisher= Guinness World Records, Ltd| location= London| isbn= 1-904994-10-5| page= 34}}</ref> alikuwa mwimbaji-mtunzi wa nyimbo, mpiga gitaa, na mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960, akijijengea jina katika Pwani ya Magharibi ya Marekani kama mwimbaji wa muziki wa folk mwenye mtindo wa asili na sauti yenye nguvu. Baadhi ya nyimbo zake zinazojulikana zaidi ni pamoja na "Joy to the World ", "The Pusher", "No No Song", "Greenback Dollar", "Della and the Dealer", "Never Been to Spain", na "Boney Fingers".<ref name= "LATimes obit">{{cite news| url= [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-oct-27-mn-26812-story.html|](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-oct-27-mn-26812-story.html|) work= [[Los Angeles Times]] | date= October 27, 1999| title= Hoyt Axton, Singer, Character Actor and Hit Songwriter, Dies| first= Myrna| last= Oliver| access-date= January 5, 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|1999}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] rvchy3pb98bctis8yitt8q4k1l0280l 0 237872 1548850 2026-05-23T07:14:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Hojjat Kashani''' (11 Aprili 1979) alikuwa luteni jenerali katika [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] na naibu waziri mkuu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-10 |title=A look at the transfer of sport from the monarchy to the Islamic Republic|df=dmy-all |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/sport/2010/02/100209_u04_iransport_history |access-date=2022-05-28|website=BBC News|language=fa}}</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa [[Shirika la Elimu ya Viungo]] (Physical Education Organiza...' 1548850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Hojjat Kashani''' (11 Aprili 1979) alikuwa luteni jenerali katika [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Iran]] na naibu waziri mkuu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-10 |title=A look at the transfer of sport from the monarchy to the Islamic Republic|df=dmy-all |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/sport/2010/02/100209_u04_iransport_history |access-date=2022-05-28|website=BBC News|language=fa}}</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa [[Shirika la Elimu ya Viungo]] (Physical Education Organization).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=SADR al-DIN|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|edition=2 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_dum_3113}}</ref> Aliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi katika Gereza la Qasr baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran]] ya mwaka 1979.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Chinese sports caravan and General Hojjat Kashani|newspaper=رادیو فردا |date=7 October 2014 |url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/f5-iran-and-china-in-asian-sports/26624954.html |access-date=2022-05-28|publisher=Radio Farda|language=fa|df=dmy-all |last1=رستم‌پور |first1=مهدی }}</ref> Wakati wa uongozi wake, wanamichezo wa Iran walishinda jumla ya medali 64 katika Michezo ya [[Asia]] (Asian Games) iliyofanyika Tehran, zikiwemo medali 30 za dhahabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Etemad newspaper (23 June 2006): Permanent suspects |url=https://www.magiran.com/article/1292305|access-date=2022-05-28|website=www.magiran.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Pia alicheza jukumu muhimu katika kurejeshwa kwa michezo ya Uchina kwenye majukwaa ya kimataifa.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] tnzok7mmppysncjustik6h2gz19v5fb 0 237873 1548851 2026-05-23T07:21:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lawrence Graham-Brown''' ni [[msanii]] wa taaluma mbalimbali, mkurugenzi, na [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Jamaika]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawrence Graham-Brown {{!}} THE PERFORMING GARAGE|url=https://theperforminggarage.org/lawrence-graham-brown/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=theperforminggarage.org}}</ref>]. Kazi yake ya kisanii inahusika na mada za dini, ujinsia, rangi, desturi , na kumbukumbu, mara nyingi ndani ya nafasi ta...' 1548851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Graham-Brown''' ni [[msanii]] wa taaluma mbalimbali, mkurugenzi, na [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Jamaika]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawrence Graham-Brown {{!}} THE PERFORMING GARAGE|url=https://theperforminggarage.org/lawrence-graham-brown/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=theperforminggarage.org}}</ref>]. Kazi yake ya kisanii inahusika na mada za dini, ujinsia, rangi, desturi , na kumbukumbu, mara nyingi ndani ya nafasi takatifu au za desturi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrence Graham-Brown Rites of Passage/Sacred Spaces (2012) |url=https://hemisphericinstitute.org/en/hidvl-collections/item/2714-lawrence-graham-brown-rites-of-passage-sacred-spaces-2012.html |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=hemisphericinstitute.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hfu253ux1h75apk6oxxf7e0g6hnxibr 1548993 1548851 2026-05-23T11:02:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1548993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Graham-Brown''' ni [[msanii]] wa taaluma mbalimbali, mkurugenzi, na [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Jamaika]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lawrence Graham-Brown {{!}} THE PERFORMING GARAGE|url=https://theperforminggarage.org/lawrence-graham-brown/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=theperforminggarage.org}}</ref>]. Kazi yake ya kisanii inahusika na mada za dini, ujinsia, rangi, desturi , na kumbukumbu, mara nyingi ndani ya nafasi takatifu au za desturi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Lawrence Graham-Brown Rites of Passage/Sacred Spaces (2012) |url=https://hemisphericinstitute.org/en/hidvl-collections/item/2714-lawrence-graham-brown-rites-of-passage-sacred-spaces-2012.html |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=hemisphericinstitute.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4ky97el1topoih2fgk62wieczgu76jm 0 237874 1548852 2026-05-23T07:21:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد میر...' 1548852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد میرزا، رساله دستورالعمل زراعت چاپ، چاپ دوم، رشت، مطبعه عروه الوثقی، ۱۳۲۶ ش</ref><ref>حاجی میرزا کاشف السلطنه، ثریا کاظمی (نوه کاشف السطنه)، نشریه سایه ۱۳۷۲ش</ref><ref>کتاب گیلان، اصلاح عربانی، جلد دوم، چاپ ۱۳۶۱ ۴ـ فرهنگ فارسی، ج ۶ چاپ چهارم، انتشارات امیر کبیر، تهران ۱۳۶۰</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Encyclopaedia Iranica|title=KĀŠEF-AL-SALṬANA|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kasef_al_saltana|access-date=12 November 2021|website=iranicaonline.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1865|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Qaran]] mu10o0qytolu1jgxyhw6ck0vuej883f 1548853 1548852 2026-05-23T07:22:14Z Egipa 87700 1548853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد میرزا، رساله دستورالعمل زراعت چاپ، چاپ دوم، رشت، مطبعه عروه الوثقی، ۱۳۲۶ ش</ref><ref>حاجی میرزا کاشف السلطنه، ثریا کاظمی (نوه کاشف السطنه)، نشریه سایه ۱۳۷۲ش</ref><ref>کتاب گیلان، اصلاح عربانی، جلد دوم، چاپ ۱۳۶۱ ۴ـ فرهنگ فارسی، ج ۶ چاپ چهارم، انتشارات امیر کبیر، تهران ۱۳۶۰</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Encyclopaedia Iranica|title=KĀŠEF-AL-SALṬANA|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kasef_al_saltana|access-date=12 November 2021|website=iranicaonline.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1865|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Quran]] 5rx5w3j5qgknvqypanz0alhstus0ujf 1548967 1548853 2026-05-23T10:13:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد میرزا، رساله دستورالعمل زراعت چاپ، چاپ دوم، رشت، مطبعه عروه الوثقی، ۱۳۲۶ ش</ref><ref>حاجی میرزا کاشف السلطنه، ثریا کاظمی (نوه کاشف السطنه)، نشریه سایه ۱۳۷۲ش</ref><ref>کتاب گیلان، اصلاح عربانی، جلد دوم، چاپ ۱۳۶۱ ۴ـ فرهنگ فارسی، ج ۶ چاپ چهارم، انتشارات امیر کبیر، تهران ۱۳۶۰</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Foundation|first=Encyclopaedia Iranica|title=KĀŠEF-AL-SALṬANA|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kasef_al_saltana|access-date=12 November 2021|website=iranicaonline.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1865|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Quran]] gabfcoxbha3yn8u5ys8nd56moscurs5 0 237875 1548856 2026-05-23T07:25:56Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Quincy Goodhue''' ([[Oktoba 2]], [[1835]] – [[Machi 21]], [[1910]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Marekani]]. Baada ya kustaafu kama mchongaji wa [[marumaru]] mwaka 1890, alianza kuchora, kwa kumbukumbu, matukio ya [[Portland, Maine]] ya karne ya 19, mji wake alikozaliwa. Kitabu chake, ''Portland Through Grandfather's Eyes'', sasa kiko katika milki ya jsmii ys kihistoria ya Maine.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coduri |first1=Joseph E. |url=h...' 1548856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Quincy Goodhue''' ([[Oktoba 2]], [[1835]] – [[Machi 21]], [[1910]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Marekani]]. Baada ya kustaafu kama mchongaji wa [[marumaru]] mwaka 1890, alianza kuchora, kwa kumbukumbu, matukio ya [[Portland, Maine]] ya karne ya 19, mji wake alikozaliwa. Kitabu chake, ''Portland Through Grandfather's Eyes'', sasa kiko katika milki ya jsmii ys kihistoria ya Maine.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coduri |first1=Joseph E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpoUAQAAIAAJ&q=Charles+Quincy+Goodhue |title=New England: Additions to the Six State Bibliographies |last2=Bibliography |first2=Committee for a New England |date=1989 |publisher=University Press of New England |isbn=978-0-87451-497-1 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1835]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1910]] 4dmswxauijhg4uyt0339hu5qp596jah 0 237876 1548857 2026-05-23T07:27:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد می...' 1548857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Mirza Qajar Qovanlu''' (21 Machi 1865 – 20 Aprili 1929), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la heshima kama '''Kashef as-Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|کاشف السلطنه}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanadiplomasia, na mtetezi wa katiba (constitutionalist) wa [[Irani|Iran]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha kilimo cha chai nchini Iran. Pia alihudumu kama meya wa kwanza wa mji wa [[Tehran]].<ref>کاشف‌السلطنه، حاجی محمد میرزا، رساله دستورالعمل زراعت چاپ، چاپ دوم، رشت، مطبعه عروه الوثقی، ۱۳۲۶ ش</ref><ref>حاجی میرزا کاشف السلطنه، ثریا کاظمی (نوه کاشف السطنه)، نشریه سایه ۱۳۷۲ش</ref><ref>کتاب گیلان، اصلاح عربانی، جلد دوم، چاپ ۱۳۶۱ ۴ـ فرهنگ فارسی، ج ۶ چاپ چهارم، انتشارات امیر کبیر، تهران ۱۳۶۰</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Encyclopaedia Iranica|title=KĀŠEF-AL-SALṬANA|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kasef_al_saltana|access-date=12 November 2021|website=iranicaonline.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1865|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii:Quran]] rcja5whpcbm3mwv5ri84dbkz8jtn2xm 0 237877 1548858 2026-05-23T07:31:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eli Sheldon Glover''' ([[Agosti 14]], [[1844]] – [[Mei 29]], [[1920]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na mchapishaji wa ramani za mtazamo, zikiwemo ramani za miji katika Magharibi ya kati na Magharibi mwa [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/?assignee=eli+sheldon+glover&oq=eli+sheldon+glover |website=Google Patents |accessdate=2 August 2020|title=Google Patents }}</ref>. Glover alikuwa akifanya kazi [[San Francisco]], Chicag...' 1548858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eli Sheldon Glover''' ([[Agosti 14]], [[1844]] – [[Mei 29]], [[1920]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na mchapishaji wa ramani za mtazamo, zikiwemo ramani za miji katika Magharibi ya kati na Magharibi mwa [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/?assignee=eli+sheldon+glover&oq=eli+sheldon+glover |website=Google Patents |accessdate=2 August 2020|title=Google Patents }}</ref>. Glover alikuwa akifanya kazi [[San Francisco]], [[Chicago]], na [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]]. Pia alikuwa mvumbuzi, na aliandika ''The Diary of Eli Sheldon Glover''.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/101714979 | title=The diary of Eli Sheldon Glover| publisher=The Oregon Historical records survey project| year=1940}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1844]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1920]] ape9cs98rlb1qebpropgie6x2pmukt5 1548884 1548858 2026-05-23T08:50:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eli Sheldon Glover''' ([[Agosti 14]], [[1844]] – [[Mei 29]], [[1920]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na mchapishaji wa ramani za mtazamo, zikiwemo ramani za miji katika Magharibi ya kati na Magharibi mwa [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/?assignee=eli+sheldon+glover&oq=eli+sheldon+glover |website=Google Patents |accessdate=2 August 2020|title=Google Patents }}</ref>. Glover alikuwa akifanya kazi [[San Francisco]], [[Chicago]], na [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]]. Pia alikuwa mvumbuzi, na aliandika ''The Diary of Eli Sheldon Glover''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu | url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/101714979 | title=The diary of Eli Sheldon Glover| publisher=The Oregon Historical records survey project| year=1940}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1844]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1920]] 28eyr18cq3q1dzp6q1noa2kuudfjk0e 0 237878 1548859 2026-05-23T07:36:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bagher Khan Muhazab Al Dawleh Kazemi''' pia akijulikana kama '''Bagher Kazemi''' (10 Februari 1892 – 10 Novemba 1977), alikuwa mwanasiasa, [[mwanadiplomasia]] na waziri wa [[Irani|Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=یادداشت‌هایی از زندگانی باقر کاظمی|url=http://oral-history.ir/show.php?page=books&id=612|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127192915/http://oral-history.ir/show.php?page=books&id=612 |arch...' 1548859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagher Khan Muhazab Al Dawleh Kazemi''' pia akijulikana kama '''Bagher Kazemi''' (10 Februari 1892 – 10 Novemba 1977), alikuwa mwanasiasa, [[mwanadiplomasia]] na waziri wa [[Irani|Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=یادداشت‌هایی از زندگانی باقر کاظمی|url=http://oral-history.ir/show.php?page=books&id=612|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127192915/http://oral-history.ir/show.php?page=books&id=612 |archive-date=2021-01-27 |access-date=|website=Oral-History}}</ref> Alihudumu kama balozi wa Iran katika nchi kadhaa, zikiwemo [[Ufaransa]], [[Uturuki]] na [[Afghanistan]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=دائرة المعارف شهر تبريز |url=http://www.tabrizinfo.com/tabriz/ostandaran/kazemi.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041023120441/http://tabrizinfo.com:80/tabriz/ostandaran/kazemi.htm |archive-date=2004-10-23 |access-date=|website=Tabriz Info}}</ref><ref name="Tabrizpedia">{{Cite web|title=سید باقر کاظمی استاندار آذربایجان شرقی شد |url=https://tabrizpedia.info/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517000904/http://tabrizpedia.info:80/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C/ |archive-date=2017-05-17 |access-date=|website=Tabrizpedia|date=13 May 2017 }}</ref> na kama Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Azerbaijan Mashariki]] kuanzia Machi 1932 hadi Agosti 1933.<ref name="Tabrizpedia"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1892|1977}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 0vxdbesmrf0951n1hq48qxrc0byt8aw 0 237879 1548861 2026-05-23T07:39:51Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bagher Khān''' (takriban 1870 – Novemba 1916) mwenye jina la heshima kama '''Sālār-e Melli''' ({{lang|fa|سالار ملی}} "Kiongozi wa Kitaifa") au '''Baqir Khān''', alikuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika [[Mapinduzi ya Katiba ya Iran]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Niya | first=Samad Sardari| year=1998 | title=Mashahere Azerbaijan (Volume Two) | publisher=Daniel Publishing | isbn=964-90286-0-9 | pages=26–30}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu...' 1548861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagher Khān''' (takriban 1870 – Novemba 1916) mwenye jina la heshima kama '''Sālār-e Melli''' ({{lang|fa|سالار ملی}} "Kiongozi wa Kitaifa") au '''Baqir Khān''', alikuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika [[Mapinduzi ya Katiba ya Iran]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Niya | first=Samad Sardari| year=1998 | title=Mashahere Azerbaijan (Volume Two) | publisher=Daniel Publishing | isbn=964-90286-0-9 | pages=26–30}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1870|1916}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 36kjw0b4b8xox8tum54iyks52gqpirk 0 237880 1548863 2026-05-23T07:44:13Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kamal Kharazi''' (1 Desemba 1944 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa [[Harakati ya mageuzi ya Iran|mwanamageuzi]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mambo ya nje]] wa Iran kuanzia tarehe 20 Agosti 1997 hadi 24 Agosti 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iranian Envoy in Iraq for Talks, as Rebels Battle U.S. Gunships |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/17/international/middleeast/17cnd-iraq.html|ac...' 1548863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamal Kharazi''' (1 Desemba 1944 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa [[Harakati ya mageuzi ya Iran|mwanamageuzi]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mambo ya nje]] wa Iran kuanzia tarehe 20 Agosti 1997 hadi 24 Agosti 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iranian Envoy in Iraq for Talks, as Rebels Battle U.S. Gunships |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/17/international/middleeast/17cnd-iraq.html|access-date=17 January 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 May 2005|author=John F. Burns|author2=Terence Neilan}}</ref> Kharazi alifuatiwa na [[Manouchehr Mottaki]] kama waziri wa mambo ya nje baada ya [[Uchaguzi wa rais wa Iran wa 2005|uchaguzi]] wa [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Baadaye alihudumu kama mshauri wa Kiongozi Muadhamu [[Ayatollah]] [[Ali Khamenei]], alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Utambuzi wa Maslahi ya Dola]] (Expediency Discernment Council), aliongoza Baraza la Kimkakati la Uhusiano wa Kigeni, na alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Sayansi ya Utambuzi]] (Institute for Cognitive Science Studies) mnamo mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Iran to change nuclear doctrine if existence threatened, adviser to supreme leader says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010124334/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=2025-03-05 |work=Reuters |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DeepDive">{{Cite web |title=Deep Dive: Will Iran's new president pursue dialogue with the west? |url=https://amwaj.media/article/deep-dive-will-iran-s-new-president-pursue-dialogue-with-the-west |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Amwaj.media}}</ref><ref name="Araghchi">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-12 |title=Araghchi: Iran's new FM pick who calls Nasrallah a 'role model' |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202408114103 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.iranintl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome Note – ICSS |url=https://icss.ac.ir/en/about-us/ |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> Alifariki dunia mnamo tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 kutokana na majeraha aliyopata kwenye shambulio la anga wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 9198qq3ioxpywnokfo8vfcqdfxtrjke 1548962 1548863 2026-05-23T10:08:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1548962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamal Kharazi''' (1 Desemba 1944 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa [[Harakati ya mageuzi ya Iran|mwanamageuzi]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mambo ya nje]] wa Iran kuanzia tarehe 20 Agosti 1997 hadi 24 Agosti 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iranian Envoy in Iraq for Talks, as Rebels Battle U.S. Gunships |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/17/international/middleeast/17cnd-iraq.html|access-date=17 January 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 May 2005|author=John F. Burns|author2=Terence Neilan}}</ref> Kharazi alifuatiwa na [[Manouchehr Mottaki]] kama waziri wa mambo ya nje baada ya [[Uchaguzi wa rais wa Iran wa 2005|uchaguzi]] wa [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Baadaye alihudumu kama mshauri wa Kiongozi Muadhamu [[Ayatollah]] [[Ali Khamenei]], alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Utambuzi wa Maslahi ya Dola]] (Expediency Discernment Council), aliongoza Baraza la Kimkakati la Uhusiano wa Kigeni, na alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Sayansi ya Utambuzi]] (Institute for Cognitive Science Studies) mnamo mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Iran to change nuclear doctrine if existence threatened, adviser to supreme leader says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010124334/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=2025-03-05 |work=Reuters |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DeepDive">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Deep Dive: Will Iran's new president pursue dialogue with the west? |url=https://amwaj.media/article/deep-dive-will-iran-s-new-president-pursue-dialogue-with-the-west |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Amwaj.media}}</ref><ref name="Araghchi">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-08-12 |title=Araghchi: Iran's new FM pick who calls Nasrallah a 'role model' |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202408114103 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.iranintl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Welcome Note – ICSS |url=https://icss.ac.ir/en/about-us/ |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> Alifariki dunia mnamo tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 kutokana na majeraha aliyopata kwenye shambulio la anga wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] t9olkvm79al4mc720sr3kmha2n8dkbo 1728 237881 1548865 2026-05-23T07:45:52Z Jadnapac 26084 Nimeunda ukurasa wa tukio 1548865 wikitext text/x-wiki Karibu katika warsha ya Wiki Loves STEAMIA katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mt. Augustino - Mwanza Tanzania. Warsha (Editathon)hii inalenga kutoa mafunzo ya uhariri wa Wikipedia katika mada za Sayansi, Teknolojia, Uhandisi, Sanaa, Hisabati, Ugunduzi na Astronomia. Jisikie huru kuchagua mada unazopenda kuchangia 5slbbfu84pbp1770n3pjv0hyixszak9 1548964 1548865 2026-05-23T10:09:26Z Olimasy 26935 Orodha 1548964 wikitext text/x-wiki Karibu katika warsha ya Wiki Loves STEAMIA katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mt. Augustino - Mwanza Tanzania. Warsha (Editathon)hii inalenga kutoa mafunzo ya uhariri wa Wikipedia katika mada za Sayansi, Teknolojia, Uhandisi, Sanaa, Hisabati, Ugunduzi na Astronomia. Jisikie huru kuchagua mada unazopenda kuchangia == Orodha ya makala == Bofya [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lWxTw7OAir0nHv-0VrGvaIZbxmzFy0FdUGvXrywWaSc/edit?usp=sharing hapa] kupata Orodha kamilia ehca938r05co3ez8fxmhws952acgdn6 0 237882 1548866 2026-05-23T07:47:56Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Khatami''' (alizaliwa 14 Oktoba 1943) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] na kiongozi wa kidini wa dhehebu la Shia alihudumu kama [[Rais wa Iran|rais wa tano wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 3 Agosti 1997 hadi 3 Agosti 2005. Pia alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Utamaduni na Mwongozo wa Kiislamu (Iran)|Waziri wa Utamaduni]] wa Iran kuanzia mwaka 1982 hadi 1992. Baadaye, alikuwa mkosoaji mkubwa wa serikali ya rais aliyemfuata, [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Akiwa...' 1548866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Khatami''' (alizaliwa 14 Oktoba 1943) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] na kiongozi wa kidini wa dhehebu la Shia alihudumu kama [[Rais wa Iran|rais wa tano wa Iran]] kuanzia tarehe 3 Agosti 1997 hadi 3 Agosti 2005. Pia alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Utamaduni na Mwongozo wa Kiislamu (Iran)|Waziri wa Utamaduni]] wa Iran kuanzia mwaka 1982 hadi 1992. Baadaye, alikuwa mkosoaji mkubwa wa serikali ya rais aliyemfuata, [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Akiwa hajulikani sana kimataifa kabla ya kuwa rais, Khatami alivutia umakini mkubwa wakati wa [[Uchaguzi wa rais wa Iran wa 1997|uchaguzi wake wa kwanza wa urais]] ambapo alipata karibu 70% ya kura zote.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1373476.stm |title=Profile: Mohammad Khatami |work=BBC News|date=6 June 2001|access-date=20 May 2013}}</ref> Khatami aligombea akilenga kuleta uhuru wa kijamii na mageuzi. Wakati wa kampeni zake za uchaguzi, Khatami alipendekeza wazo la [[Mazungumzo Kati ya Miundo ya Jamii]] (Dialogue Among Civilizations) kama jibu kwa nadharia ya mwaka 1992 ya [[Samuel P. Huntington]] inayohusu [[Mgongano wa Miundo ya Jamii]] (Clash of Civilizations).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Khatami Speaks of Dialogue among Civilizations|url=http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/news/8798/khatami-speaks-of-dialogue-among-civilizations|access-date=11 October 2021|website=diplomacy|language=en}}</ref> Umoja wa Mataifa baadaye ulitangaza mwaka 2001 kuwa ''Mwaka wa Mazungumzo Kati ya Miundo ya Jamii'', kufuatia mapendekezo ya Khatami.<ref name="unesco.org">{{cite web|title=Dialogue among Civilizations|url=http://www.unesco.org/dialogue2001/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205193502/http://www.unesco.org/dialogue2001/|archive-date=5 February 2007|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Round Table: Dialogue among Civilizations United Nations, New York, 5 September 2000 Provisional verbatim transcription|url=http://www.unesco.org/dialogue2001/en/khatami.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310224647/http://www.unesco.org/dialogue2001/en/khatami.htm|archive-date=10 March 2007|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Petito|first=Fabio|date=2004|title=Khatami' Dialogue among Civilizations as International Political Theory|url=https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9945-en.pdf|journal=International Journal of Humanities|volume=11|issue=3|pages=11–29}}</ref> Katika vipindi vyake viwili kama rais, Khatami alitetea [[uhuru wa kujieleza]], uvumilivu na [[asasi za kiraia]], uhusiano mzuri wa kidiplomasia na mataifa mengine ikiwemo yale ya Asia na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], pamoja na sera ya kiuchumi iliyounga mkono [[soko huria]] na uwekezaji wa kigeni. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ncig5kyfetej0mrhr3ank2ydqcx53tp 0 237883 1548867 2026-05-23T07:51:18Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Seyyed Ruhollah Khatami''' (28 Oktoba 1906 – 27 Oktoba 1988) alikuwa kiongozi mwandamizi wa kidini wa [[Iran]] katika mji mkuu wa kanda ya kati wa [[Yazd]],<ref>{{cite news| title = Ruhollah Khatami, Religious Leader, 84| work = [[The New York Times]]| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DF143FF93AA15753C1A96E948260&sec=&pagewanted=print| date=29 October 1988}}</ref> ambapo aliteuliwa kuwa kiongozi wa [[sala]] (Imam wa Ijumaa) na...' 1548867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seyyed Ruhollah Khatami''' (28 Oktoba 1906 – 27 Oktoba 1988) alikuwa kiongozi mwandamizi wa kidini wa [[Iran]] katika mji mkuu wa kanda ya kati wa [[Yazd]],<ref>{{cite news| title = Ruhollah Khatami, Religious Leader, 84| work = [[The New York Times]]| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DF143FF93AA15753C1A96E948260&sec=&pagewanted=print| date=29 October 1988}}</ref> ambapo aliteuliwa kuwa kiongozi wa [[sala]] (Imam wa Ijumaa) na [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] mnamo Julai 1982. Yeye ni baba wa wanasiasa kadhaa mashuhuri wa Iran, akiwemo rais wa zamani [[Mohammad Khatami]], mwanzilishi wa chama cha [[Islamic Iran Participation Front]] [[Mohammad-Reza Khatami]], aliyekuwa mkuu wa wafanyakazi wa ofisi ya rais [[Ali Khatami]], na Fatemeh Khatami, ambaye alichaguliwa katika [[baraza la mji]] la [[Ardakan]] mnamo mwaka 1999. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1906|1988}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 0xidowj7hp05ntu2mscgq8lmlk5epg6 0 237884 1548869 2026-05-23T07:57:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Esmaeil Khatib''' (1961 – 18 Machi 2026) alikuwa kiongozi wa kidini na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Usalama wa Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Usalama wa Ndani]] kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi alipouawa kwa assassination mnamo Machi 2026 kupitia shambulio la anga la Israel wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley Carnahan |first=Trey Yingst |date=2026-03-18 |title=Israel kills Iranian intelligence minister who surv...' 1548869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esmaeil Khatib''' (1961 – 18 Machi 2026) alikuwa kiongozi wa kidini na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Usalama wa Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Usalama wa Ndani]] kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi alipouawa kwa assassination mnamo Machi 2026 kupitia shambulio la anga la Israel wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley Carnahan |first=Trey Yingst |date=2026-03-18 |title=Israel kills Iranian intelligence minister who survived initial strike, official says |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/israel-kills-iranian-intelligence-minister-who-survived-initial-strike-official-says |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}</ref> Alikuwa afisa wa nane kushika wadhifa huo. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Khatib alizaliwa mjini [[Qaen]], [[Mkoa wa Khorasan Kusini]], mnamo mwaka 1961.<ref name=ncrkia>{{cite news|author=Shahriar Kia|title=Who is Esmail Khatib, Iran's Minister of Intelligence (MOIS)|url=https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/terrorism-a-fundamentalism/who-is-esmail-khatib-irans-minister-of-intelligence-mois/|access-date=28 January 2022|work=[[National Council of Resistance of Iran|NCRI]]|date=22 September 2021|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128215349/https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/terrorism-a-fundamentalism/who-is-esmail-khatib-irans-minister-of-intelligence-mois/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=inu21>{{cite news|author=Jazeh Miller|title=Iran: Raisi's Weak Cabinet, but Specialized in Repression|work=Iran News Update|url=https://irannewsupdate.com/news/infightings/iran-raisis-weak-cabinet-but-specialized-in-repression/|access-date=28 January 2022|date=13 August 2021|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208223619/https://irannewsupdate.com/news/infightings/iran-raisis-weak-cabinet-but-specialized-in-repression/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alisomea sheria za Kiislamu (fiqh) huko [[Qom]]. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa wanazuoni mashuhuri kama vile [[Ali Khamenei]], [[Mohammad Fazel Lankarani]], [[Naser Makarem Shirazi]], na [[Mojtaba Tehrani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] nm6k6t81zyfswg5st26ja6h64u0a0a7 1548889 1548869 2026-05-23T08:57:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1548889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esmaeil Khatib''' (1961 – 18 Machi 2026) alikuwa kiongozi wa kidini na mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Usalama wa Ndani (Iran)|Waziri wa Usalama wa Ndani]] kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi alipouawa kwa assassination mnamo Machi 2026 kupitia shambulio la anga la Israel wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Ashley Carnahan |first=Trey Yingst |date=2026-03-18 |title=Israel kills Iranian intelligence minister who survived initial strike, official says |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/israel-kills-iranian-intelligence-minister-who-survived-initial-strike-official-says |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}</ref> Alikuwa afisa wa nane kushika wadhifa huo. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Khatib alizaliwa mjini [[Qaen]], [[Mkoa wa Khorasan Kusini]], mnamo mwaka 1961.<ref name=ncrkia>{{cite news|author=Shahriar Kia|title=Who is Esmail Khatib, Iran's Minister of Intelligence (MOIS)|url=https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/terrorism-a-fundamentalism/who-is-esmail-khatib-irans-minister-of-intelligence-mois/|access-date=28 January 2022|work=[[National Council of Resistance of Iran|NCRI]]|date=22 September 2021|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128215349/https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/terrorism-a-fundamentalism/who-is-esmail-khatib-irans-minister-of-intelligence-mois/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=inu21>{{cite news|author=Jazeh Miller|title=Iran: Raisi's Weak Cabinet, but Specialized in Repression|work=Iran News Update|url=https://irannewsupdate.com/news/infightings/iran-raisis-weak-cabinet-but-specialized-in-repression/|access-date=28 January 2022|date=13 August 2021|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208223619/https://irannewsupdate.com/news/infightings/iran-raisis-weak-cabinet-but-specialized-in-repression/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alisomea sheria za Kiislamu (fiqh) huko [[Qom]]. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa wanazuoni mashuhuri kama vile [[Ali Khamenei]], [[Mohammad Fazel Lankarani]], [[Naser Makarem Shirazi]], na [[Mojtaba Tehrani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5y6rfpvrfrkc6ke2xrnckjwyrwwun3j 0 237885 1548871 2026-05-23T08:00:27Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mousa Nasiroghli (Khiabani)''' (1947 – 8 Februari 1982) alikuwa kiongozi wa kisiasa wa upinzani nchini [[Irani|Iran]], mwanachama mwandamizi wa chama cha [[Wamojahedin wa Watu wa Iran]] (MEK), na kamanda wa tawi lake la kijeshi kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1982 alipouawa vitani.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Handbook of the World 2015|chapter=Iran|publisher=CQ Press|year=2015|author1=Tom Lansford|isbn=978-1483371559|url-access=registration|url=https://ar...' 1548871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mousa Nasiroghli (Khiabani)''' (1947 – 8 Februari 1982) alikuwa kiongozi wa kisiasa wa upinzani nchini [[Irani|Iran]], mwanachama mwandamizi wa chama cha [[Wamojahedin wa Watu wa Iran]] (MEK), na kamanda wa tawi lake la kijeshi kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1982 alipouawa vitani.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Handbook of the World 2015|chapter=Iran|publisher=CQ Press|year=2015|author1=Tom Lansford|isbn=978-1483371559|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhandboo0000unse_f0m6}}</ref> Khiabani amewahi kuelezewa kama "mkono wa kulia wa [[Massoud Rajavi]]"<ref name="rii"/> na "mkuu wa pili kwa mamlaka".<ref>{{cite book|last=Paydar|first=Parvin| title=Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=248|year=1995|isbn=978-0-521-59572-8}}</ref> Kulingana na mwanahistoria [[Ervand Abrahamian]], akishirikiana na Rajavi, Khiabani alihudumu kama msemaji wa shirika hilo baada ya mwaka 1979 na alichukuliwa kuwa sawa na Rajavi na watu wa nje, licha ya ukweli kwamba wanachama wa ndani wa MEK walijua kuwa Rajavi ndiye aliyekuwa kiongozi mkuu zaidi.<ref name="rii">{{citation|author=Ervand Abrahamian|title=Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=1989|isbn=9781850430773|volume=3|series=Society and culture in the modern Middle East|pages=172}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|1982}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] isbwhsgkh8t95p6oajgmvk8ifzycja5 0 237886 1548872 2026-05-23T08:04:23Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad-Karim Khodapanahi''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1941{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]]. Alikuwa Kaimu Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Iran kati ya mwaka 1980 na 1981. == Wasifu == Khodapanahi alihudumu kama kaimu waziri wa mambo ya nje kuanzia tarehe 3 Agosti 1980 hadi 11 Machi 1981 katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Mohammad-Ali Rajai (1980–81)|baraza la mawaziri]] lililoongozwa na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] Mohammad-Ali...' 1548872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad-Karim Khodapanahi''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1941{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]]. Alikuwa Kaimu Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Iran kati ya mwaka 1980 na 1981. == Wasifu == Khodapanahi alihudumu kama kaimu waziri wa mambo ya nje kuanzia tarehe 3 Agosti 1980 hadi 11 Machi 1981 katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Mohammad-Ali Rajai (1980–81)|baraza la mawaziri]] lililoongozwa na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]].<ref name=d359>{{cite web|title=Foreign relations of the USA|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v11p1/d359|publisher=[[Office of the Historian]]|access-date=22 October 2022|year=1980|quote=Document 359}}</ref><ref name=jbw>{{cite book|editor=Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner |title=Diplomatic Strategies of Nations in the Global South: The Search for Leadership|page=208|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-45226-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBhLDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA208|chapter=Iran’s Permanent Quest for Regional Power Status|author=Luciano Zaccara|location=New York}}</ref> Alichukua nafasi ya [[Sadegh Ghotbzadeh]] katika wadhifa huo.<ref name=jbw/> Mohammad-Ali Rajai alimfuata Khodapanahi kama kaimu waziri wa mambo ya nje.<ref name=jbw/><ref>{{cite book|author=Luman Ali|title=British Diplomacy and the Iranian Revolution, 1978-1981|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2018|isbn=978-3-319-94406-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jMRlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA156|location=Cham|page=156}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 7zszl0xevg1titqw1omjh4d80nr0vrg 0 237887 1548873 2026-05-23T08:28:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammad Kazim Khurasani''' (1839 – 12 Desemba 1911), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Akhund Khurasani''' {{sfn|Farzaneh|2015|pp=119–190}}{{sfn|Hermann|2013|pp=430–453}}<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Hairi|first1=A.|last2=Murata|first2=S.|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/akund-molla-mohammad-kazem-korasani|title=AḴŪND ḴORĀSĀNĪ|date=1984|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Irannica}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasheria wa Kiislamu wa dhehebu...' 1548873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Kazim Khurasani''' (1839 – 12 Desemba 1911), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Akhund Khurasani''' {{sfn|Farzaneh|2015|pp=119–190}}{{sfn|Hermann|2013|pp=430–453}}<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Hairi|first1=A.|last2=Murata|first2=S.|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/akund-molla-mohammad-kazem-korasani|title=AḴŪND ḴORĀSĀNĪ|date=1984|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Irannica}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasheria wa Kiislamu wa dhehebu la [[Shia]] na mwanaharakati wa kisiasa.{{sfn|Farzaneh|2015|p=153}} Anajulikana kwa kutumia nafasi yake kama [[Marja']] ili kuhalalisha na kuunga mkono [[Mapinduzi ya Katiba ya Iran|mapinduzi ya kwanza ya kidemokrasia]] barani Asia yaliyotokea nchini Iran (1905–1911), ambapo yeye alikuwa mhimili mkuu kutoka upande wa viongozi wa kidini walioasisi mapinduzi hayo. Aliamini kuwa mfumo wa serikali ya kidemokrasia ungekuwa chaguo bora zaidi linalowezekana wakati huu ambao [[Maimamu Kumi na Wawili]] hawapo, na aliyachukulia mapinduzi ya kikatiba ya kidemokrasia kama ''[[Jihad]]'' (vita vitakatifu) ambavyo kila Mwislamu alipaswa kushiriki.{{sfn|Hermann|2013|pp=431, 435}}{{sfn|Farzaneh|2015|pp=159–162}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1839|1911}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 6xnzfmypphnqf6sl8q60gangt1poq11 0 237888 1548879 2026-05-23T08:35:48Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Kordan''' (23 Oktoba 1958 – 22 Novemba 2009) alikuwa mwanasiasa alisisitiza utulivu nchini [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu katika [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] (Revolutionary Guards), kwenye mhimili wa mahakama, na kama naibu waziri wa mafuta, kabla ya kuwa waziri wa mambo ya ndani wa Iran mnamo mwaka 2008 kwa siku 90 tu. Aliondolewa madarakani kwa [[kuaslimiwa]] (impeached) na [[Bunge la Iran]] mnamo tarehe 4 Novemba 2008 baada ya kubainika kuw...' 1548879 wikitext text/x-wiki Kordan''' (23 Oktoba 1958 – 22 Novemba 2009) alikuwa mwanasiasa alisisitiza utulivu nchini [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu katika [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] (Revolutionary Guards), kwenye mhimili wa mahakama, na kama naibu waziri wa mafuta, kabla ya kuwa waziri wa mambo ya ndani wa Iran mnamo mwaka 2008 kwa siku 90 tu. Aliondolewa madarakani kwa [[kuaslimiwa]] (impeached) na [[Bunge la Iran]] mnamo tarehe 4 Novemba 2008 baada ya kubainika kuwa shahada ya udaktari aliyodai kuwa nayo ilikuwa ya kughushi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5h4Z2N8unisuEf3BfdA5emx9Qt28Q|title=Iran parliament approves new reshuffle|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=5 August 2008|access-date=10 August 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520155528/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5h4Z2N8unisuEf3BfdA5emx9Qt28Q|archive-date=20 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|2009}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5mnx38asa0ohm62a0dauwya502ftkba 0 237889 1548883 2026-05-23T08:49:29Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Mahdi Hosseini Rohani''' (15 Julai 1925 – 23 Novemba 2000) alikuwa [[Ayatollah]] wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyezaliwa mjini [[Qom]]. Alihudumu katika vipindi vya [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Kwanza wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Kwanza]], [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Pili wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Pili]], na [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Tatu wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Tatu]] vya [[Baraza la Wataalamu la Iran]] (Assembly of Experts).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19...' 1548883 wikitext text/x-wiki Mahdi Hosseini Rohani''' (15 Julai 1925 – 23 Novemba 2000) alikuwa [[Ayatollah]] wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyezaliwa mjini [[Qom]]. Alihudumu katika vipindi vya [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Kwanza wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Kwanza]], [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Pili wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Pili]], na [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Tatu wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Tatu]] vya [[Baraza la Wataalamu la Iran]] (Assembly of Experts).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19 |title=1982 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |access-date=2022-01-28 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162414/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19 |title=1998 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |access-date=2022-01-28 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162413/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ta8yi96u3xt6ym9hs29l00megzhd9zz 1549007 1548883 2026-05-23T11:16:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1549007 wikitext text/x-wiki Mahdi Hosseini Rohani''' (15 Julai 1925 – 23 Novemba 2000) alikuwa [[Ayatollah]] wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyezaliwa mjini [[Qom]]. Alihudumu katika vipindi vya [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Kwanza wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Kwanza]], [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Pili wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Pili]], na [[Orodha ya wajumbe wa Muhula wa Tatu wa Baraza la Wataalamu|Tatu]] vya [[Baraza la Wataalamu la Iran]] (Assembly of Experts).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-10-19 |title=1982 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |access-date=2022-01-28 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162414/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1982/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-10-19 |title=1998 Assembly of Experts Election |url=http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |access-date=2022-01-28 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162413/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/experts/1998/ |archive-date=19 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 7c65ifk47l06c3d70j7rqis3aqmil31 0 237890 1548887 2026-05-23T08:54:24Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Majid Movaghar''' (1898–1968) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Aliwakilisha eneo la [[Dezful]], [[Mkoa wa Khuzestan|Khuzestan]] katika bunge la 11, 12, 13, na 16 la [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Ushauri]] la Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/767606|title=مرکز پژوهشها - مجید موقر|website=rc.majlis.ir|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1968}} Jamii:Wa...' 1548887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Movaghar''' (1898–1968) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Aliwakilisha eneo la [[Dezful]], [[Mkoa wa Khuzestan|Khuzestan]] katika bunge la 11, 12, 13, na 16 la [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Ushauri]] la Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/767606|title=مرکز پژوهشها - مجید موقر|website=rc.majlis.ir|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 0nm9zrsz756z3yq5pdn2tkm9qef1vc8 1549009 1548887 2026-05-23T11:17:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Movaghar''' (1898–1968) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Irani|Iran]]. Aliwakilisha eneo la [[Dezful]], [[Mkoa wa Khuzestan|Khuzestan]] katika bunge la 11, 12, 13, na 16 la [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Ushauri]] la Iran.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/767606|title=مرکز پژوهشها - مجید موقر|website=rc.majlis.ir|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ch900uxg9vn3w40nwlfwpz73igha083 0 237891 1548890 2026-05-23T08:58:39Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Reza Malekzadeh''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1952 mjini [[Kazerun]], [[Mkoa wa Fars]], [[Dola la Kifalme la Iran]]) ni mtafiti wa [[Irani|Iran]] katika nyanja za [[tiba]] na daktari bingwa wa [[magonjwa ya mfumo wa chakula]] (gastroenterologist). == Kazi == Malekzadeh alipata elimu yake katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Shiraz]]. Aliendeleza mafunzo yake kwa kubobea katika [[Tiba ya Ndani]] (Internal Medicine) kwenye chuo kikuu hicho, ambapo pia alihitimu mafunzo y...' 1548890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reza Malekzadeh''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1952 mjini [[Kazerun]], [[Mkoa wa Fars]], [[Dola la Kifalme la Iran]]) ni mtafiti wa [[Irani|Iran]] katika nyanja za [[tiba]] na daktari bingwa wa [[magonjwa ya mfumo wa chakula]] (gastroenterologist). == Kazi == Malekzadeh alipata elimu yake katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Shiraz]]. Aliendeleza mafunzo yake kwa kubobea katika [[Tiba ya Ndani]] (Internal Medicine) kwenye chuo kikuu hicho, ambapo pia alihitimu mafunzo yake ya ubingwa wa juu (fellowship) katika magonjwa ya mfumo wa chakula. Mnamo mwaka 1985, alijiunga na idara ya magonjwa ya mfumo wa chakula katika Hospitali ya Free Royal jijini London. Baada ya kurejea Iran, alipata nafasi ya ualimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Shiraz. Baadaye, alihamia [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi ya Tiba cha Tehran]] [http://www.tums.ac.ir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012044104/http://www.tums.ac.ir/ |date=2006-10-12 }} ambapo kwa sasa ni profesa kamili wa tiba ya ndani. Pia ni Profesa wa Heshima katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Birmingham]] nchini Uingereza. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 7wxp14ttx7iwqxotjv86ebpnvfmeelq 0 237892 1548893 2026-05-23T09:20:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mehrangiz Manouchehrian''' (1906 – 5 Julai 2000) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanamuziki, mtetezi wa haki za wanawake ([[ufeministi]]), na Seneta aliyeteuliwa nchini [[Iran]].<ref name="Kashani-Sabet2011">{{cite book|author=Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet|title=Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbbT0Rsc6EMC&pg=PA180|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530886-0|page=180}}</ref>...' 1548893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehrangiz Manouchehrian''' (1906 – 5 Julai 2000) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanamuziki, mtetezi wa haki za wanawake ([[ufeministi]]), na Seneta aliyeteuliwa nchini [[Iran]].<ref name="Kashani-Sabet2011">{{cite book|author=Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet|title=Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbbT0Rsc6EMC&pg=PA180|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530886-0|page=180}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama hai katika [[Umoja wa Wanawake wa Iran]]. Aidha, alishiriki kikamilifu katika kuandaa rasimu ya [[Sheria ya Kulinda Familia ya Iran]]—seti ya sheria zilizopanua haki za wanawake katika masuala ya [[ndoa]].<ref>[http://etd.fcla.edu/CF/CFH0004292/WomensRightsinIran.pdf "Women's Rights in Iran" a thesis by A DE LA CAMARA of the University of Central Florida, Orlando]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1906|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake]] jykbpbls94scbhoz800eozbwe6hz4w8 1548894 1548893 2026-05-23T09:21:08Z Egipa 87700 1548894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehrangiz Manouchehrian''' (1906 – 5 Julai 2000) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanamuziki, mtetezi wa haki za wanawake ([[ufeministi]]), na Seneta aliyeteuliwa nchini [[Iran]].<ref name="Kashani-Sabet2011">{{cite book|author=Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet|title=Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbbT0Rsc6EMC&pg=PA180|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530886-0|page=180}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama hai katika [[Umoja wa Wanawake wa Iran]]. Aidha, alishiriki kikamilifu katika kuandaa rasimu ya [[Sheria ya Kulinda Familia ya Iran]]—seti ya sheria zilizopanua haki za wanawake katika masuala ya [[ndoa]].<ref>[http://etd.fcla.edu/CF/CFH0004292/WomensRightsinIran.pdf "Women's Rights in Iran" a thesis by A DE LA CAMARA of the University of Central Florida, Orlando]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1906|2000}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] p8fbj3hpzg2g6v4klc6hw7seydr28wd 0 237893 1548895 2026-05-23T09:21:22Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Ayer''' (amezaliwa Januari 18, 1968) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake za filamu za vitendo (action), akiandika filamu kama vile ''Training Day'' (2001), ''The Fast and the Furious'' (2001), na ''S.W.A.T.'' (2003), pamoja na kuongoza filamu kama ''End of Watch'' (2012), ''Fury '' (2014) na ''Suicide Squad '' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/David_Ayer/187156|title=David](ht...' 1548895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Ayer''' (amezaliwa Januari 18, 1968) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake za filamu za vitendo (action), akiandika filamu kama vile ''Training Day'' (2001), ''The Fast and the Furious'' (2001), na ''S.W.A.T.'' (2003), pamoja na kuongoza filamu kama ''End of Watch'' (2012), ''Fury '' (2014) na ''Suicide Squad '' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/David_Ayer/187156|title=David](http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/David_Ayer/187156|title=David) Ayer|website=[www.hollywood.com|access-date=2025-08-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=](http://www.hollywood.com|access-date=2025-08-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=)[https://web.archive.org/web/20080416022028/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/David_Ayer/187156|archive-date=April](https://web.archive.org/web/20080416022028/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/David_Ayer/187156|archive-date=April) 16, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b0zurhvp62rjklv82t8566dtxs5dkq0 0 237894 1548897 2026-05-23T09:24:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hovhannes Khan Masehian''' (23 Februari 1864 mjini Tehran - 19 Novemba 1931 mjini Harbin) alikuwa mtafsiri na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Waarmenia wa Iran]], anajulikana sana kwa kutafsiri kazi za [[Shakespeare]] na [[Byron]] kwenda katika lugha ya Kiarmenia. Mnamo mwaka 1912, alikuwa Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1927 hadi 1929, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Uingereza]] (Great Britain). Pia, alikuwa Balozi wa kwanza kabisa w...' 1548897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hovhannes Khan Masehian''' (23 Februari 1864 mjini Tehran - 19 Novemba 1931 mjini Harbin) alikuwa mtafsiri na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Waarmenia wa Iran]], anajulikana sana kwa kutafsiri kazi za [[Shakespeare]] na [[Byron]] kwenda katika lugha ya Kiarmenia. Mnamo mwaka 1912, alikuwa Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1927 hadi 1929, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Uingereza]] (Great Britain). Pia, alikuwa Balozi wa kwanza kabisa wa Uajemi nchini [[Japani]].<ref>[http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1074/1/1967-2-3%28228%29.pdf V. Vardanyan, "Hovhannes Masehyan"]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1931}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ssuuxqolebayfleg09hvxae28ly1skq 0 237895 1548898 2026-05-23T09:26:24Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harry Babbitt''' (Novemba 2, 1913 – Aprili 9, 2004) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]] na nyota katika enzi ya Big Band. == Mwanzo wa kazi == Alizaliwa katika [[St. Louis, Missouri]], Babbitt alianzisha bendi yake mwenyewe baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari, akiiongoza bendi hiyo huku pia akiimba na kucheza ala za saxophone na ngoma. Baadaye, kazi yake kama mtangazaji na mwimbaji wa solo katika kituo cha redio cha St. Louis ilivuta hisia za kiongozi...' 1548898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Babbitt''' (Novemba 2, 1913 – Aprili 9, 2004) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]] na nyota katika enzi ya Big Band. == Mwanzo wa kazi == Alizaliwa katika [[St. Louis, Missouri]], Babbitt alianzisha bendi yake mwenyewe baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari, akiiongoza bendi hiyo huku pia akiimba na kucheza ala za saxophone na ngoma. Baadaye, kazi yake kama mtangazaji na mwimbaji wa solo katika kituo cha redio cha St. Louis ilivuta hisia za kiongozi wa bendi Kay Kyser.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hasley|first1=Betty|title=Cinderella Anaeleza Kuhusu Redio na Watu Maarufu Wake|url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2031008/cinderella_tells/|agency=Williamsburg](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2031008/cinderella_tells/|agency=Williamsburg) Journal-Tribune|date=Januari 23, 1947|page=7|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate=20 Machi 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] at3vzno5wxj4pxc05zib0yjm9yb77l3 0 237896 1548900 2026-05-23T09:28:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmad Matin-Daftari''', anajulikana pia kama ''Mo'in al-Dowleh'' (23 Januari 1897<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://safirsolh.com/category/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C/ |title=مشاهیر حقوقی بایگانی - مؤسسۀ حقوقی سفیر صلح |access-date=2018-04-21 |archive-date=2019-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322033315/http://safirsolh.com/category/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B...' 1548900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Matin-Daftari''', anajulikana pia kama ''Mo'in al-Dowleh'' (23 Januari 1897<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://safirsolh.com/category/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C/ |title=مشاهیر حقوقی بایگانی - مؤسسۀ حقوقی سفیر صلح |access-date=2018-04-21 |archive-date=2019-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322033315/http://safirsolh.com/category/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> – 26 Juni{{fact|date=March 2025}} 1971), alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]]. Alihudumu kama [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Iran|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Utawala wa Pahlavi nchini Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1940.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 December 1951 |title=Iranian See Oil Sale To Soviet Russia|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/303047045/|url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=9 November 2021|publisher=The Miami News|page=23|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109233319/http://www.newspapers.com/image/303047045/|archive-date=9 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1951-54Iran/persons|url-status=live|access-date=10 November 2021|publisher=Office of the Historian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616083347/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1951-54Iran/persons |archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1897|1971}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] ggle405jagzdnubk1ipv1j0mf1xbap0 0 237897 1548901 2026-05-23T09:31:27Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mehdi Qoli Khan Hedayat''' (1863 – 21 Septemba 1955), anajulikana pia kama '''Mokhber-ol Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|مخبرالسلطنه}}), alikuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] na mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa kuhusu muziki wa [[Irani|Iran]], elimu ya kisasa, ushairi, masuala ya sasa, na hasa kitabu cha kumbukumbu za maisha yake (memoir) kinachoelezea kipindi chake cha uongozi wa kisiasa chini ya Orodha ya wafalme wa Iran|Mashah (wafalme) wa mwisho sita wa I...' 1548901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehdi Qoli Khan Hedayat''' (1863 – 21 Septemba 1955), anajulikana pia kama '''Mokhber-ol Saltaneh''' ({{lang|fa|مخبرالسلطنه}}), alikuwa [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] na mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa kuhusu muziki wa [[Irani|Iran]], elimu ya kisasa, ushairi, masuala ya sasa, na hasa kitabu cha kumbukumbu za maisha yake (memoir) kinachoelezea kipindi chake cha uongozi wa kisiasa chini ya [[Orodha ya wafalme wa Iran|Mashah (wafalme) wa mwisho sita wa Iran]].<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|last=Barzegar|first=Ali|title=Mehdi Qoli Hedayat: a conservative of the late Qajar Era|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=20|pages=55–76|doi=10.1080/00210868708701691|year=1987}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1863|1955}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] pbo0bjj7xbrd8jl6u6ack62849nwgfz 0 237898 1548904 2026-05-23T09:34:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Farhang Mehr''' ({{langx|fa|فرهنگ مهر}}&lrm;; 11 Desemba 1923 – 3 Machi 2018) alikuwa msomi na mwanasiasa [[Mmarekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Iran]] na muumini wa [[Uzayastria]] (Zoroastrianism).<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2018/03/09/rip-professor-emeritus-farhang-mehr-dies-at-94/ |title=RIP: Professor Emeritus Farhang Mehr Dies at 94 |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Ref...' 1548904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farhang Mehr''' ({{langx|fa|فرهنگ مهر}}&lrm;; 11 Desemba 1923 – 3 Machi 2018) alikuwa msomi na mwanasiasa [[Mmarekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Iran]] na muumini wa [[Uzayastria]] (Zoroastrianism).<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2018/03/09/rip-professor-emeritus-farhang-mehr-dies-at-94/ |title=RIP: Professor Emeritus Farhang Mehr Dies at 94 |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] eivjph9om71yjy4g257nx244yym3bth 1548908 1548904 2026-05-23T09:35:21Z Egipa 87700 1548908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farhang Mehr''' (11 Desemba 1923 – 3 Machi 2018) alikuwa msomi na mwanasiasa [[Mmarekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Iran]] na muumini wa [[Uzayastria]] (Zoroastrianism).<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2018/03/09/rip-professor-emeritus-farhang-mehr-dies-at-94/ |title=RIP: Professor Emeritus Farhang Mehr Dies at 94 |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] 4ka838utr6h8jzdyf9si72rx3f8la1t 0 237899 1548907 2026-05-23T09:35:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sylvia Miles''' ([[Septemba 9]], [[1924]] – [[Juni 12]], [[2019]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>Multiple sources: *{{Cite news |author=Ryan Gilbey |date=June 16, 2019 |title= Sylvia Miles obituary |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jun/16/sylvia-miles-obituary}} *{{Cite news|author=Gates|first=Anita|date=June 12, 2019|title=Sylvia Miles, Actress With a Flair for the Flamboyant, Dies at 94|newspaper=The...' 1548907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Miles''' ([[Septemba 9]], [[1924]] – [[Juni 12]], [[2019]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>Multiple sources: *{{Cite news |author=Ryan Gilbey |date=June 16, 2019 |title= Sylvia Miles obituary |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jun/16/sylvia-miles-obituary}} *{{Cite news|author=Gates|first=Anita|date=June 12, 2019|title=Sylvia Miles, Actress With a Flair for the Flamboyant, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/movies/sylvia-miles-death.html|access-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613230247/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/movies/sylvia-miles-death.html|archive-date=June 13, 2019}} *{{Cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/sylvia-miles-obituary-s0r62gmhd|title=Thetimes.co.uk}} *{{Cite news |date=June 23, 2019 |title=Sylvia Miles, film actress and Warhol acolyte, twice Oscar-nominated, who brought zany sparkle to small roles – obituary |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/06/23/sylvia-miles-film-actress-warhol-acolyte-twice-oscar-nominated/}}</ref>. Aliteuliwa mara mbili kwa Tuzo ya [[Oscar]] ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kusaidia kwa uigizaji wake katika ''Midnight Cowboy'' ([[1969]]) na ''Farewell, My Lovely'' ([[1975]]). Alikuwa mtu wa kawaida katika jamii ya [[New York]], akiwa ameishi huko maisha yake yote. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] 4u2fh0s6m9qkxrifkk62x15wa0mr8j6 0 237900 1548910 2026-05-23T09:37:48Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nasser Minachi''' (1931 – 25 Januari 2014) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Iran]] na mwanzilishi wa [[Hosseiniyeh Ershad]], taasisi ya Kiislamu ya kisasa. Alihudumu kama waziri wa utalii na kisha waziri wa habari na utangazaji katika [[Serikali ya Mpito ya Iran (1979)]] baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|abadiliko ya utawala]] mnamo mwaka 1979. Pia alikuwa waziri wa utamaduni katika serikali hiyo wakati wa urais wa [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]. == Kazi na harakati =...' 1548910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasser Minachi''' (1931 – 25 Januari 2014) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Iran]] na mwanzilishi wa [[Hosseiniyeh Ershad]], taasisi ya Kiislamu ya kisasa. Alihudumu kama waziri wa utalii na kisha waziri wa habari na utangazaji katika [[Serikali ya Mpito ya Iran (1979)]] baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|abadiliko ya utawala]] mnamo mwaka 1979. Pia alikuwa waziri wa utamaduni katika serikali hiyo wakati wa urais wa [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]. == Kazi na harakati == Minachi alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa wafanyabiashara wa masoko (bazaar) wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] na alianzisha kwa pamoja taasisi ya Hosseiniyeh Ershad, shirika la Kiislamu lisilo la kimapokeo mjini [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|isbn=978-0-520-94216-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PA445|year=2008|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|page=445|location=Berkeley, CA|author-link=Gholam Reza Afkhami}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Siavush Randjbar-Daemi|title=Building the Islamic State: The Draft Constitution of 1979 Reconsidered|journal=Iranian Studies|year=2013|volume=46|issue=4|pages=641–663|doi=10.1080/00210862.2013.784519 |s2cid=143669454}}</ref> Alihudumu kama msimamizi wa taasisi hiyo hadi kifo chake.<ref name=tip/> Alikuwa pia kiongozi wa upinzani wakati huo.<ref name=rubin>{{cite book|author=Barry Rubin|title=Paved with Good Intentions: The American Experience In Iran|year=1981 |isbn=9780140059649|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|author-link=Barry Rubin}}</ref> Alikuwa na mwelekeo wa upinzani wa wastani na alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa kamati ya kutetea haki za binadamu.<ref name=hoos>{{cite thesis|oclc=12037858|year=1984 |author=Hooshmand Mirfakhraei|title=The Imperial Iranian armed forces and the revolution of 1978-1979|page=294|location=State University of New York at Buffalo|degree=PhD|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303350420|id={{ProQuest|303350420}}}}</ref> Punde tu kabla ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|abadiliko ya utawala]] mnamo Februari 1979, Minachi alikuwa pia msemaji wa kikundi cha wanaharakati wa kizalendo wa Kiislamu wenye msimamo wa wastani kilichoongozwa na [[Mahdi Bazargan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Darioush Bayandor|title=The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States|year=2019 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|location=Cham, Switzerland|isbn=978-3-319-96118-7|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4|author-link=Darioush Bayandor|pages=272–273|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4|s2cid=158585193}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 5eq1u804tif5gpv7q6v1i8falazbsgz 1548912 1548910 2026-05-23T09:39:11Z Egipa 87700 1548912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasser Minachi''' (1931 – 25 Januari 2014) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Iran]] na mwanzilishi wa [[Hosseiniyeh Ershad]], taasisi ya Kiislamu ya kisasa. Alihudumu kama waziri wa utalii na kisha waziri wa habari na utangazaji katika [[Serikali ya Mpito ya Iran (1979)]] baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|abadiliko ya utawala]] mnamo mwaka 1979. Pia alikuwa waziri wa utamaduni katika serikali hiyo wakati wa urais wa [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]. == Kazi na harakati == Minachi alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa wafanyabiashara wa masoko (bazaar) wakati wa utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] na alianzisha kwa pamoja taasisi ya Hosseiniyeh Ershad, shirika la Kiislamu lisilo la kimapokeo mjini [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|isbn=978-0-520-94216-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PA445|year=2008|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|page=445|location=Berkeley, CA|author-link=Gholam Reza Afkhami}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Siavush Randjbar-Daemi|title=Building the Islamic State: The Draft Constitution of 1979 Reconsidered|journal=Iranian Studies|year=2013|volume=46|issue=4|pages=641–663|doi=10.1080/00210862.2013.784519 |s2cid=143669454}}</ref> Alihudumu kama msimamizi wa taasisi hiyo hadi kifo chake. Alikuwa pia kiongozi wa upinzani wakati huo.<ref name=rubin>{{cite book|author=Barry Rubin|title=Paved with Good Intentions: The American Experience In Iran|year=1981 |isbn=9780140059649|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|author-link=Barry Rubin}}</ref> Alikuwa na mwelekeo wa upinzani wa wastani na alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa kamati ya kutetea haki za binadamu.<ref name=hoos>{{cite thesis|oclc=12037858|year=1984 |author=Hooshmand Mirfakhraei|title=The Imperial Iranian armed forces and the revolution of 1978-1979|page=294|location=State University of New York at Buffalo|degree=PhD|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303350420|id={{ProQuest|303350420}}}}</ref> Punde tu kabla ya [[Mapinduzi ya Iran|abadiliko ya utawala]] mnamo Februari 1979, Minachi alikuwa pia msemaji wa kikundi cha wanaharakati wa kizalendo wa Kiislamu wenye msimamo wa wastani kilichoongozwa na [[Mahdi Bazargan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Darioush Bayandor|title=The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States|year=2019 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|location=Cham, Switzerland|isbn=978-3-319-96118-7|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4|author-link=Darioush Bayandor|pages=272–273|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4|s2cid=158585193}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2014}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] kvaydrji6ylag1v05qhq6jhpakxdxrw 0 237901 1548911 2026-05-23T09:38:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alice Mayrine Backes''' (Mei 17, 1923 – Machi 15, 2007) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] aliyeigiza katika redio, televisheni, na filamu kuanzia miaka ya 1940 hadi 1990. Akiwa na urefu wa {{height|ft=5|in=9}}, alifanya kazi zaidi katika televisheni katika muda wake mrefu wa kazi. Alishiriki katika zaidi ya vipindi 80 vya televisheni na filamu za televisheni, akibobea katika majukumu ya muigizaji wa wahusika (character roles) na matumizi ya [[lahaja]]...' 1548911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice Mayrine Backes''' (Mei 17, 1923 – Machi 15, 2007) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]] aliyeigiza katika redio, televisheni, na filamu kuanzia miaka ya 1940 hadi 1990. Akiwa na urefu wa {{height|ft=5|in=9}}, alifanya kazi zaidi katika televisheni katika muda wake mrefu wa kazi. Alishiriki katika zaidi ya vipindi 80 vya televisheni na filamu za televisheni, akibobea katika majukumu ya muigizaji wa wahusika (character roles) na matumizi ya [[lahaja]] katika maandishi ya filamu.<ref name="ABackes">[[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=86973891](http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?pid=86973891) Taarifa ya kifo ya Alice Backes Citron], kumbukumbu za ''Los Angeles Times'', Machi 27, 2007. Ilichukuliwa Januari 22, 2019.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 67bl0ixqolmzmju3mbhluesnw7vzsck 0 237902 1548917 2026-05-23T09:46:51Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mostafa Mir-Salim''' ([[Kiajemi]]: مصطفی میرسلیم; alizaliwa 10 Juni 1947)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maslahat.ir/index.jsp?pageid=739 | title=مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام }}</ref> ni mhandisi na mwanasiasa mhafidhina wa [[Iran]]. Kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Utambuzi wa Maslahi ya Mfumo]] (Expediency Discernment Council). Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) kuanzia mwaka...' 1548917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mostafa Mir-Salim''' ([[Kiajemi]]: مصطفی میرسلیم; alizaliwa 10 Juni 1947)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maslahat.ir/index.jsp?pageid=739 | title=مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام }}</ref> ni mhandisi na mwanasiasa mhafidhina wa [[Iran]]. Kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Utambuzi wa Maslahi ya Mfumo]] (Expediency Discernment Council). Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Iran]] (Islamic Consultative Assembly) kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2024. Alikuwa mgombea wa kiti cha urais katika [[Uchaguzi wa rais wa Iran wa 2017|uchaguzi wa urais wa Iran wa mwaka 2017]] ambapo alishika nafasi ya tatu baada ya kupata asilimia 1.16 ya kura zote.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumaraswamy |first1=P. R. |last2=Quamar |first2=Md. Muddassir |last3=Singh |first3=Manjari |title=Persian Gulf 2018: India's Relations with the Region |date=2019 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-13-1977-8 |page=60}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 7g96peulr4x6739s8cirir34e0obuq4 0 237903 1548918 2026-05-23T09:46:54Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edward Woolsey Bacon''' (Mei 5, 1843 – Juni 7, 1887<ref>{{cite web|title=Connecticut Deaths and Burials, 1772-1934|url=[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F7NY-22S|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=22](https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F7NY-22S|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=22) Aprili 2016}}</ref>) alikuwa mchungaji wa [[Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Congregationalist, pamoja na kuwa baharia na askari. == Wasifu == Bacon alizaliwa katika New...' 1548918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Woolsey Bacon''' (Mei 5, 1843 – Juni 7, 1887<ref>{{cite web|title=Connecticut Deaths and Burials, 1772-1934|url=[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F7NY-22S|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=22](https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F7NY-22S|website=FamilySearch|accessdate=22) Aprili 2016}}</ref>) alikuwa mchungaji wa [[Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Congregationalist, pamoja na kuwa baharia na askari. == Wasifu == Bacon alizaliwa katika [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. Alitoka katika familia ya wahubiri; alikuwa mtoto wa Leonard Bacon <ref>{{Cite journal | title = American Congregational Union | journal = [[The Congregational Quarterly]] | volume = 10 | pages = 299–309 | date = Julai 1868 | url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=s-nNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299](https://books.google.com/books?id=s-nNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299) | accessdate = 5 Desemba 2009 | last1 = Clark | first1 = Joseph Sylvester | last2 = Dexter | first2 = Henry Martyn | last3 = Quint | first3 = Alonzo Hall | last4 = Langworthy | first4 = Isaac Pendleton | last5 = Cushing | first5 = Christopher | last6 = Burnham | first6 = Samuel }}</ref> na kaka wa Leonard Woolsey Bacon,<ref>{{cite book|last=General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States, Executive Committee|title=The Year book of the Congregational Christian churches of the United States of America|year=1908|pages=12|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GhlKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA12|accessdate=2](https://books.google.com/books?id=GhlKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA12|accessdate=2) Machi 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1843|1887}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] awne8gk6k8yaa1hkccbid22dlqjnagg 3 237904 1548919 2026-05-23T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548919 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) g6u4g62xrboi8xnn5ap5wvnb2oysgzs 3 237905 1548920 2026-05-23T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548920 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) g6u4g62xrboi8xnn5ap5wvnb2oysgzs 3 237906 1548921 2026-05-23T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548921 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) g6u4g62xrboi8xnn5ap5wvnb2oysgzs 3 237907 1548922 2026-05-23T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548922 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) g6u4g62xrboi8xnn5ap5wvnb2oysgzs 3 237908 1548923 2026-05-23T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548923 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) g6u4g62xrboi8xnn5ap5wvnb2oysgzs 3 237909 1548925 2026-05-23T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548925 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 3 237910 1548926 2026-05-23T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548926 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 3 237911 1548927 2026-05-23T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548927 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 0 237912 1548928 2026-05-23T09:49:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmad Mirfendereski''' (9 Mei 1918 – 2 Mei 2004) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia, mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]], na [[Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mwisho wa mambo ya nje]] wa [[Dola la Kifalme la Iran]] katika enzi ya utawala wa Pahlavi. == Kazi == Mirfendereski alianza kazi yake katika wizara ya mambo ya nje na kushika nyadhifa nyingi humo. Katika miaka ya 1960, alihudumu kama balozi wa Iran katika [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]] (Soviet Union).<ref name=mah7may...' 1548928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Mirfendereski''' (9 Mei 1918 – 2 Mei 2004) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia, mwanasiasa wa [[Iran]], na [[Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mwisho wa mambo ya nje]] wa [[Dola la Kifalme la Iran]] katika enzi ya utawala wa Pahlavi. == Kazi == Mirfendereski alianza kazi yake katika wizara ya mambo ya nje na kushika nyadhifa nyingi humo. Katika miaka ya 1960, alihudumu kama balozi wa Iran katika [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]] (Soviet Union).<ref name=mah7may>{{cite web|author=Mahmoud Ghaffari|title=Sense and humor|url=http://iranian.com/Ghaffari/2004/May/AM/ |work=The Iranian|access-date=25 July 2013|date=7 May 2004}}</ref> Baada ya kurejea Tehran, aliteuliwa kuwa naibu waziri wa mambo ya nje mnamo mwaka 1970.<ref name=mah7may/> Alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo hadi Oktoba 1973<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976|url=http://goodtimesweb.org/frus/frus1969-76v27.pdf|work=Department of State|access-date=19 March 2015|location=Washington DC}}</ref> ambapo aliondolewa madarakani kwa sababu aliruhusu ndege za kiraia za Umoja wa Kisovieti kusafirisha vipuri kwenda Iraq ili vitumike katika [[Vita vya Yom Kippur]] (Vita vya Oktoba) dhidi ya Israel, bila ridhaa ya Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Trita Parsi|title=Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States|location=New Haven, CT|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-300-12057-8|url=https://archive.org/details/treacherousallia00pars_0/page/47|page=[https://archive.org/details/treacherousallia00pars_0/page/47 47]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=R. W. Apple Jr.|title=Iran future brighter|location=Tehran|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=twIOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6961,866297&dq=ahmad+mirfendereski&hl=en|access-date=25 July 2013|date=6 January 1979}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] aenfklh3esqhg3jqxwdnljtqdmw9rf4 3 237913 1548929 2026-05-23T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548929 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 3 237914 1548930 2026-05-23T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548930 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 3 237915 1548932 2026-05-23T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548932 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) knsfk297rulupcfh5v7upf4ro22z52i 3 237916 1548933 2026-05-23T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548933 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237917 1548934 2026-05-23T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548934 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237918 1548935 2026-05-23T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548935 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237919 1548937 2026-05-23T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548937 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237920 1548938 2026-05-23T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548938 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237921 1548939 2026-05-23T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548939 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) fv1j5uonpy1j8a22eb2ulfreor7ljz4 3 237922 1548940 2026-05-23T09:51:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548940 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237923 1548941 2026-05-23T09:51:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548941 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237924 1548942 2026-05-23T09:51:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548942 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237925 1548943 2026-05-23T09:51:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548943 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237926 1548944 2026-05-23T09:51:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548944 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237927 1548945 2026-05-23T09:51:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548945 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) t16zie0sdqurt2xxf5niyycaxs5mhdk 3 237928 1548946 2026-05-23T09:52:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548946 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237929 1548947 2026-05-23T09:52:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548947 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237930 1548948 2026-05-23T09:52:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548948 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237931 1548949 2026-05-23T09:52:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548949 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237932 1548951 2026-05-23T09:52:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548951 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237933 1548952 2026-05-23T09:52:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548952 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) punyzik5op5un1eioyqdoas70sy2scf 3 237934 1548953 2026-05-23T09:53:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548953 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:53, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) 12e2esczryto8sm3td1m0a55dv2de23 3 237935 1548954 2026-05-23T09:53:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1548954 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:53, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) 12e2esczryto8sm3td1m0a55dv2de23 0 237936 1548957 2026-05-23T09:57:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mirza Mohammad Aghazadeh Khorasani''' (Kiajemi: میرزا محمد آقازاده خراسانی) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanasiasa, na mamlaka ya kidini ya kishia ([[Marja']]).<ref>{{harvnb|Hasan Morsalvand|1369 solar|volume=1|p=44}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wa kiume wa Ayatollah [[Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani]]. == Wasifu == Alikuwa mtoto wa pili wa kiume wa Ayatollah Muhammad Kazim Khorasani<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/a...' 1548957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Mohammad Aghazadeh Khorasani''' (Kiajemi: میرزا محمد آقازاده خراسانی) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanasiasa, na mamlaka ya kidini ya kishia ([[Marja']]).<ref>{{harvnb|Hasan Morsalvand|1369 solar|volume=1|p=44}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wa kiume wa Ayatollah [[Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani]]. == Wasifu == Alikuwa mtoto wa pili wa kiume wa Ayatollah Muhammad Kazim Khorasani<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/akund-molla-mohammad-kazem-korasani|title = Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref> anayejulikana kama [[Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani]]. Alizaliwa mjini Najaf mnamo mwaka 1294 Hijria ya Kuandama (Lunar Hijri).<ref>{{harvnb|political life of grand Martyr Aghazaseh Khorasani|Magazine of Negah Hawzeh Mehr|1374 solar|number 7}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] cogvlmjqq3cvecns3cn20vwekv5nsx5 1549035 1548957 2026-05-23T11:49:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1549035 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirza Mohammad Aghazadeh Khorasani''' (Kiajemi: میرزا محمد آقازاده خراسانی) alikuwa mwanasheria, mwanasiasa, na mamlaka ya kidini ya kishia ([[Marja']]).<ref>{{harvnb|Hasan Morsalvand|1369 solar|volume=1|p=44}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wa kiume wa Ayatollah [[Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani]]. == Wasifu == Alikuwa mtoto wa pili wa kiume wa Ayatollah Muhammad Kazim Khorasani<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/akund-molla-mohammad-kazem-korasani|title = Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref> anayejulikana kama [[Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani]]. Alizaliwa mjini Najaf mnamo mwaka 1294 Hijria ya Kuandama (Lunar Hijri).<ref>{{harvnb|political life of grand Martyr Aghazaseh Khorasani|Magazine of Negah Hawzeh Mehr|1374 solar|number 7}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 0c9gr4klcw4f6296vr1s2xkltlgrqi9 0 237937 1548958 2026-05-23T09:57:47Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Badders''' (Septemba 15, 1901 – Novemba 23, 1986) alikuwa mpiga mbizi katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] na alikuwa miongoni mwa waliotunukiwa tuzo ya juu kabisa ya kijeshi ya [[Marekani]], Medali ya Heshima, pamoja na Navy Cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.war.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/1837705/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-chief-petty-officer-william-badders/|title=Medal](https://www.war.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Art...' 1548958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Badders''' (Septemba 15, 1901 – Novemba 23, 1986) alikuwa mpiga mbizi katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] na alikuwa miongoni mwa waliotunukiwa tuzo ya juu kabisa ya kijeshi ya [[Marekani]], Medali ya Heshima, pamoja na Navy Cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.war.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/1837705/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-chief-petty-officer-william-badders/|title=Medal](https://www.war.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/1837705/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-chief-petty-officer-william-badders/|title=Medal) of Honor Monday: Navy Chief Petty Officer William Badders}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1901|1986}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 36hw5vk2dieuyavjgl7blknbujewy0e 0 237938 1548961 2026-05-23T10:06:30Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stewart Uoo''' (alizaliwa [[1985]], [[California]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mazoezi yake ya sanaa yanachunguza maeneo ya makutano ya kijamii na kidijiti, mara nyingi yakijumuisha uzuri wa mitindo na michezo ya video kwenye rangi zake za maji , uchongaji, na vipande vya video<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rfc.museum/ha-stewart-uoo|title=Stewart Uoo|website=rfc.museum|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cra...' 1548961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stewart Uoo''' (alizaliwa [[1985]], [[California]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mazoezi yake ya sanaa yanachunguza maeneo ya makutano ya kijamii na kidijiti, mara nyingi yakijumuisha uzuri wa mitindo na michezo ya video kwenye rangi zake za maji , uchongaji, na vipande vya video<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rfc.museum/ha-stewart-uoo|title=Stewart Uoo|website=rfc.museum|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.crane.tv/stewart-uoo|title=Stewart Uoo|work=Crane.tv|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref>. Alijulikana kwa maonyesho yake ya "It's Get Better" ([[2013]]) na maonyesho yake ya peke yake kwenye jumba la sanaa la 47 Canal ([[2012]]) na Galerie Buchholz huko Berlin ([[2014]]). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lzfi7pnydn0qoc29rgtcv6zooj0gecf 0 237939 1548963 2026-05-23T10:08:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''José Ángel Báez''' (amezaliwa Septemba 17, 1970) ni wakili wa utetezi wa makosa ya jinai wa [[Marekani]] na mwandishi. Anajulikana kwa kuwatetea washtakiwa mashuhuri kama vile Casey Anthony, Aaron Hernandez, Mark Nordlicht, Harvey Weinstein, na Charlie Javice. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Báez alizaliwa Manhattan, Jiji la New York, kwa wazazi wenye asili ya Puerto Rico,<ref name="ABC News">{{cite web|title=Barbara Walters interview with Jose Baez...' 1548963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Ángel Báez''' (amezaliwa Septemba 17, 1970) ni wakili wa utetezi wa makosa ya jinai wa [[Marekani]] na mwandishi. Anajulikana kwa kuwatetea washtakiwa mashuhuri kama vile Casey Anthony, Aaron Hernandez, Mark Nordlicht, Harvey Weinstein, na Charlie Javice. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Báez alizaliwa Manhattan, Jiji la New York, kwa wazazi wenye asili ya Puerto Rico,<ref name="ABC News">{{cite web|title=Barbara Walters interview with Jose Baez July 5, 2011|url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlSRTtpaeMU|website=Youtube|date=22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlSRTtpaeMU|website=Youtube|date=22) Mei 2013|publisher=ABC News|access-date=17 Julai 2015}}</ref> na alilelewa katika [[the Bronx|Bronx]] na Florida Kusini pamoja na dada zake watatu akiwa chini ya malezi ya mama yake pekee.<ref name="Salazar">{{cite news|author=Carolyn Salazar|title=José Báez, Casey Anthony's Lawyer: From Troubled Son to Star Defense Attorney|quote=Báez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Bronx, N.Y., and South Florida with his single mother. He dropped out of school in the ninth grade. At 17, he married and became a father.|newspaper=[[Fox News]] Latino|date=Julai 5, 2011|url=[http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/07/05/jose-baez-lawyer-casey-anthony/|access-date=Mei](http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/07/05/jose-baez-lawyer-casey-anthony/|access-date=Mei) 10, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] pv4zzwi2le62bdi7mkx6avnykw1p5v6 0 237940 1548965 2026-05-23T10:10:44Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Holice Edward Turnbow''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba 1]], [[1930]]) ni mtengeneza mikeka , [[msanii]], na mshauri wa nguo nchini [[Marekani]]. Tangu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]], Turnbow alipanga, alihukumu, na kuhutubia katika hafla nyingi za utengenezaji mikeka kote Marekani na [[Kanada]]. Aliidhinishwa na National Quilting Association kama hakimu na mwalimu. Mwaka [[1988]], alianzisha [[Hoffman Challenge]], mashindano ya kitaifa ya utengenezaji mikeka, ngu...' 1548965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Holice Edward Turnbow''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba 1]], [[1930]]) ni mtengeneza mikeka , [[msanii]], na mshauri wa nguo nchini [[Marekani]]. Tangu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]], Turnbow alipanga, alihukumu, na kuhutubia katika hafla nyingi za utengenezaji mikeka kote Marekani na [[Kanada]]. Aliidhinishwa na National Quilting Association kama hakimu na mwalimu. Mwaka [[1988]], alianzisha [[Hoffman Challenge]], mashindano ya kitaifa ya utengenezaji mikeka, nguo, na wanasesere yanayowashirikisha mamia ya washiriki.<ref name="charlton">{{cite news |url=http://www.charltonsewingcenter.com/holiceTurnbow.html |title=About Holice Turnbow |last= |first= |date= |publisher=Charlton Sewing Center |accessdate=2011-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602071913/http://www.charltonsewingcenter.com/holiceTurnbow.html |archive-date=2011-06-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="nbqa">{{cite news |url=http://www.nbquilts.org/PublicEvents/2008show/2008QuiltJudge.htm |title=2008 Quilt Judge |last= |first= |date= |publisher=Narragansett Bay Quilters' Association |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hp9zitoc04zmszuyxbtvs40lzols3hs 0 237941 1548968 2026-05-23T10:14:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stephen Tunney''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba]] [[1959]] huko [[Bronx]], [[New York]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya, [[mchoraji]], na [[mwanamuziki]]. Anajulikana pia kwa jina la kisanii Dogbowl.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barnes And Noble|title=One Hundred Percent Lunar Boy/Discover Great New Writers|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/one-hundred-percent-lunar-boy-stephen-tunney/1100391005?ean=9781596923683|accessdate=31 March...' 1548968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Tunney''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba]] [[1959]] huko [[Bronx]], [[New York]]) ni [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya, [[mchoraji]], na [[mwanamuziki]]. Anajulikana pia kwa jina la kisanii Dogbowl.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barnes And Noble|title=One Hundred Percent Lunar Boy/Discover Great New Writers|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/one-hundred-percent-lunar-boy-stephen-tunney/1100391005?ean=9781596923683|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=B&N Discover Great New Writers|title=One Hundred Percent Lunar Boy in Great New Writers Catalog|url=http://www.stephentunney.com/Lunar%20Boy%20BN-discover-web-sm.JPG|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k1jw2kfsdrt08wqj4tox7icftxnkh07 0 237942 1548972 2026-05-23T10:17:42Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Earl Thollander''' ([[Aprili 13]], [[1922]] – [[Agosti 8]], [[2001]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], mchoraji picha, [[mwandishi]], na afisa wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].Alijulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa mandhari ya baharini michoro, uandishi wa vitabu vya usafiri, na uongozi wa watalii. Alizaliwa Kingsburg, [[California]]. Alijulikana pia kwa mfululizo wake wa vitabu vya ''Back Roads'' vilivyochapishwa kuanzia miaka y...' 1548972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earl Thollander''' ([[Aprili 13]], [[1922]] – [[Agosti 8]], [[2001]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], mchoraji picha, [[mwandishi]], na afisa wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]] wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].Alijulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa mandhari ya baharini michoro, uandishi wa vitabu vya usafiri, na uongozi wa watalii. Alizaliwa Kingsburg, [[California]]. Alijulikana pia kwa mfululizo wake wa vitabu vya ''Back Roads'' vilivyochapishwa kuanzia miaka ya 1970, vikiwemo ''Back Roads of California'' na ''Back Roads of Oregon''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1979-07-29|title=29 Jul 1979, Page 67 - Statesman Journal|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/198859460/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=7|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=[[Statesman Journal]]|location=[[Salem, Oregon]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503132537/http://www.newspapers.com/image/198859460/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=7 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=1982|title=TimesMachine: Monday, November 22 - Local artist and former U.S. Navy gunship officer Earl Thollander exhibits paintings in the national museum|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1982/11/22/issue.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York|pages=6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1989-05-11|title=11 May 1989 - The Press Democrat|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/298487139/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=[[The Press Democrat]]|location=[[Santa Rosa, California]]|page=45|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503141609/http://www.newspapers.com/image/298487139/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=25 Sep 1996 - The Napa Valley Register|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/565806155/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Newspapers.com|page=13|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504155029/http://www.newspapers.com/image/565806155/?terms=Earl%20Thollander&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-04 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stoneberg|first=David|title=Calistoga artist Earl Thollander's works donated to St. Helena Public Library|url=https://napavalleyregister.com/community/calistogan/lifestyles/calistoga-artist-earl-thollanders-works-donated-to-st-helena-public-library/article_d0d14e44-83b0-568f-a59d-be5fcc8e5014.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Napa Valley Register|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=John|first=Kelly St|date=2001-08-10|title=Earl Thollander -- artist-author of illustrated books|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Earl-Thollander-artist-author-of-illustrated-2892165.php|access-date=2021-05-03|website=SFGATE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1983-11-21|title=Local Artist Earl Thollander attracts attention after publishing artwork on Vietnam children's|page=4|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|access-date=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] bis6gcl5nzak1a3j0fueqkkadmmt6wv 2 237943 1548973 2026-05-23T10:19:09Z Anitachoro 89584 Nimechapisha kuhusu mimi 1548973 wikitext text/x-wiki Mimi ni Anitha Kanzasu nipo SAUT tcehjftech36mqrr5pexteif8hq37pg 0 237944 1548974 2026-05-23T10:19:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gerhart H. Bakke''' (Agosti 21, 1918 – Juni 17, 2006) alikuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Jimbo la Wisconsin nchini [[Marekani]]. == Wasifu == Gerhart Helmer Bakke alizaliwa katika Menomonie, Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1952.p0068&id=WI.WIIBlueBk1952&isize=text|title=Wanachama](http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1952.p0068&id=WI.WI...' 1548974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerhart H. Bakke''' (Agosti 21, 1918 – Juni 17, 2006) alikuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Jimbo la Wisconsin nchini [[Marekani]]. == Wasifu == Gerhart Helmer Bakke alizaliwa katika Menomonie, Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1952.p0068&id=WI.WIIBlueBk1952&isize=text|title=Wanachama](http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1952.p0068&id=WI.WIIBlueBk1952&isize=text|title=Wanachama) wa Bunge la Jimbo|publisher=Wisconsin Blue Book|accessdate=2014-03-04}}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa Amund Bakke (1884–1951) na Marie Christine (Walseth) Bakke (1885–1959). Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin–Madison, ambapo alihitimu Shahada ya Sayansi katika Elimu ya Kilimo. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], alihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani katika ukumbi wa operesheni wa [[Bahari ya Pasifiki|Pacific Theater]]. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa kilimo katika Shule ya Kilimo na Uchumi wa Nyumbani ya Kaunti ya Dunn (iliyoundwa 1901, ilifungwa 1957).<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.dunnhistory.org/history/menom/1900s.htm|title=Dunn](http://www.dunnhistory.org/history/menom/1900s.htm|title=Dunn) County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy|publisher=Menomonie Timeline|accessdate=14 Novemba 2015|archive-date=8 Oktoba 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022622/http://www.dunnhistory.org/history/menom/1900s.htm|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022622/http://www.dunnhistory.org/history/menom/1900s.htm|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref>Social Security Death Index</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] az4uoef8wpi34verf97t8n3fhcnhkwf 0 237945 1548975 2026-05-23T10:21:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''E. Oscar Thalinger''' ([[Machi 20]], [[1885]] – [[Juni 6]], [[1965]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa awali na mitindo wa matabaka ya [[Amerika]].<ref name="Missouri Remembers">{{cite web |title=E. Oscar Thalinger |url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem279/ |website=Missouri Remembers |access-date=13 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] Jamii:Waliozaliw...' 1548975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''E. Oscar Thalinger''' ([[Machi 20]], [[1885]] – [[Juni 6]], [[1965]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa awali na mitindo wa matabaka ya [[Amerika]].<ref name="Missouri Remembers">{{cite web |title=E. Oscar Thalinger |url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem279/ |website=Missouri Remembers |access-date=13 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1885]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]] r9rlng4yogy9lsey63zcvud3fqr5ee7 0 237946 1548979 2026-05-23T10:33:43Z Gayle157 73366 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Bunge la taifa]] 1548979 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[Bunge la taifa]] 16j6taxe1qiiyiaagud3d1xljoqqcrh 0 237947 1548980 2026-05-23T10:35:36Z Mtanzania2021 89053 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Assistant Secretary-General of UN Women Lakshmi Puri meeting Union Minister for Minority Affairs Dr. Najma A. Heptulla.jpg|thumb|Msaidizi wa Katibu Mkuu wa umoja wa Mataifa upande wa wanawake Lakshmi Puri akiwa na Dr. Najma A. Heptulla]] '''Mtafsiri wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Masuala ya Makundi yenye watu wachache''' ni mtaalamu huru anayeteuliwa na baraza la haki za binadamu la Umoja wa Mataifa ili kufuatilia, kuchunguza, kutoa ushauri, na kuripoti...' 1548980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assistant Secretary-General of UN Women Lakshmi Puri meeting Union Minister for Minority Affairs Dr. Najma A. Heptulla.jpg|thumb|Msaidizi wa Katibu Mkuu wa umoja wa Mataifa upande wa wanawake Lakshmi Puri akiwa na Dr. Najma A. Heptulla]] '''Mtafsiri wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Masuala ya Makundi yenye watu wachache''' ni mtaalamu huru anayeteuliwa na baraza la haki za binadamu la Umoja wa Mataifa ili kufuatilia, kuchunguza, kutoa ushauri, na kuripoti kuhusu haki za makundi ya wachache duniani, ikiwa ni pamoja na wachache wa kikabila, kidini, kilugha au kitaifa. Nafasi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 2005 <ref>Schaffung und Mandat" (Word). E/Cn.4/Res/2005/79. UN-Menschenrechtskommission. 2005-04-21. Retrieved 2019-04-08.</ref> ili kusaidia kulinda haki za makundi haya dhidi ya ubaguzi, ubaguzi wa rangi, kutengwa, na ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania]] sigy4xm2j81em4z9cmnmsw07e4xri0f 0 237948 1548982 2026-05-23T10:38:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frances Sanborn Baldwin''' (1907–1999)<ref name=SAAM1>{{cite web|title=Frances Baldwin|url=[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=216|website=Smithsonian](http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=216|website=Smithsonian) American Art Museum|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=25 Desemba 2015}}</ref> alikuwa mchoraji wa Marekani na mzao wa familia ya mapema ya wapioneer wa California. == Maisha ya awali na eli...' 1548982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frances Sanborn Baldwin''' (1907–1999)<ref name=SAAM1>{{cite web|title=Frances Baldwin|url=[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=216|website=Smithsonian](http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=216|website=Smithsonian) American Art Museum|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=25 Desemba 2015}}</ref> alikuwa mchoraji wa Marekani na mzao wa familia ya mapema ya wapioneer wa California. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Frances Baldwin alizaliwa katika [[San Francisco, California]] mwaka 1907.<ref name=SAAM1/> Baba yake alikuwa wakili Alexander Richards Baldwin, ambaye pia aliwahi kuwa rais wa zamani wa Western Pacific Railroad. Babu yake alikuwa John R. Glascock. Baldwin alilelewa katika Woodside, California katika shamba/eneo la kifamilia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1999}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] l1g4b9zkxx59h1wnntvah1svvat603v 0 237949 1548984 2026-05-23T10:43:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leonard Frank Baldy''' (Februari 15, 1927 – Mei 2, 1960) alikuwa afisa wa Idara ya Polisi ya Chicago ambaye alijulikana kama mtangazaji wa kwanza wa taarifa za trafiki kwa kutumia [[helikopta]] katika jiji hilo. Mtazamo wake wa mara kwa mara wa kuchekesha kuhusu matatizo ya msongamano wa magari [[Chicago]] ulimfanya awe maarufu sana kwa wananchi. Wenzake walimpa jina la utani “Flying Officer Leonard Baldy”. Alifariki katika ajali ya moto ya heliko...' 1548984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonard Frank Baldy''' (Februari 15, 1927 – Mei 2, 1960) alikuwa afisa wa Idara ya Polisi ya Chicago ambaye alijulikana kama mtangazaji wa kwanza wa taarifa za trafiki kwa kutumia [[helikopta]] katika jiji hilo. Mtazamo wake wa mara kwa mara wa kuchekesha kuhusu matatizo ya msongamano wa magari [[Chicago]] ulimfanya awe maarufu sana kwa wananchi. Wenzake walimpa jina la utani “Flying Officer Leonard Baldy”. Alifariki katika ajali ya moto ya helikopta tarehe Mei 2, 1960, baada ya helikopta yake kupoteza propela na kuanguka katika eneo la reli karibu na Milwaukee Avenue na Hubbard Street.<ref>[[http://www.odmp.org/officer/1442-patrolman-leonard-f-baldy#ixzz1gcnjDfTq](http://www.odmp.org/officer/1442-patrolman-leonard-f-baldy#ixzz1gcnjDfTq) Officer Down Memorial Page-Patrolman Leonard F. Baldy]</ref> Alizaliwa Chicago, alihitimu katika Lane Technical College Preparatory High School (Lane Tech) na alikuwa mkongwe wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] ambapo alihudumu kama Signalman katika meli ya kivita USS Markab. Katika kazi yake ya polisi, Baldy alijipatia umaarufu mapema kwa kuwa polisi wa kwanza nchini [[Marekani]] kujaribu na kutumia kifaa cha rada (radar gun) kupima mwendo wa magari mwaka 1954. Pia aliandika tiketi ya kwanza ya mwendo kasi duniani kwa kutumia kifaa hicho cha rada. Akiwa askari wa doria katikati ya miaka ya 1950, alishiriki pia katika tangazo la televisheni akielekeza trafiki. Baadaye alijulikana sana kama msemaji wa idara ya polisi kupitia mihadhara na mafunzo kuhusu usalama barabarani kwa makundi ya kijamii, mashirika na taasisi za elimu. Alitoa taarifa ya kwanza ya trafiki kwa kutumia helikopta kupitia kituo cha redio WGN Radio mnamo Novemba 1958.<ref>[[http://www.wlshistory.com/jox/LenBaldy.htm](http://www.wlshistory.com/jox/LenBaldy.htm) WLS Radio-traffic reporter Leonard Baldy]</ref><ref>[[http://wgngold.com/people/baldy-leonard.htm](http://wgngold.com/people/baldy-leonard.htm) WGN Radio-Leonard Baldy, trafficopter reporter]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|1960}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] bb7mnssuzagogt215jzq8xerhdinsrj 0 237950 1548988 2026-05-23T10:46:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Edward''' “'''Butch'''” '''Ballard''' (Desemba 26, 1918 – Oktoba 1, 2011)<ref name="NET">{{Cite news |last=Villano-Prokop|first=Diane|title=You can call Butch Ballard a drum major|newspaper=[[Northeast Times]]|year=2007|url=[http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|access-date=2008-03-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203200512/http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|archive-date=2008-12-03...' 1548988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Edward''' “'''Butch'''” '''Ballard''' (Desemba 26, 1918 – Oktoba 1, 2011)<ref name="NET">{{Cite news |last=Villano-Prokop|first=Diane|title=You can call Butch Ballard a drum major|newspaper=[[Northeast Times]]|year=2007|url=[http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|access-date=2008-03-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203200512/http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|archive-date=2008-12-03}}](http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|access-date=2008-03-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203200512/http://www.northeasttimes.com/2007/0517/butch.html|archive-date=2008-12-03}})</ref> alikuwa mpiga ngoma wa jazz kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyepiga muziki na wasanii wakubwa kama [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Count Basie]], na [[Duke Ellington]]. == Wasifu == Ballard alizaliwa katika [[Camden, New Jersey]] na alikulia katika eneo la Frankford mjini [[Philadelphia]].<ref name="PNW">{{cite web | title = George 'Butch' Ballard to Receive 2006 Mellon Jazz Community Award | publisher = [[PR Newswire]] | date = 2006-12-01 | url = [http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/12-01-2006/0004483524&EDATE=](http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/12-01-2006/0004483524&EDATE=) | access-date =2008-03-17 }}</ref><ref name="AAJ">{{cite web | last = Schermer | first = Victor L. | title = Butch Ballard: Legendary Philadelphia Drummer | publisher = [[All About Jazz]] | date = 2007-01-09 | url = [https://www.allaboutjazz.com/butch-ballard-legendary-philadelphia-drummer-butch-ballard-by-victor-l-schermer](https://www.allaboutjazz.com/butch-ballard-legendary-philadelphia-drummer-butch-ballard-by-victor-l-schermer) | access-date =2008-03-17 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2011}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] aodwgzcu38klua2djti950at5sk9onw 0 237951 1548989 2026-05-23T10:52:07Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Donaldson Ballard''' (Machi 15, 1927 – Julai 2, 2019) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Marekani]] katika jimbo la Georgia. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Ballard alihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kama mtaalamu wa mabomu ya uharibifu (demolition expert) akiwa ndani ya meli ya ''USS LST-1076''.<ref name="60 years"/> Baadaye alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia na kuwa wakili.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/statreg...' 1548989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Donaldson Ballard''' (Machi 15, 1927 – Julai 2, 2019) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Marekani]] katika jimbo la Georgia. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Ballard alihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kama mtaalamu wa mabomu ya uharibifu (demolition expert) akiwa ndani ya meli ya ''USS LST-1076''.<ref name="60 years"/> Baadaye alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia na kuwa wakili.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/statreg-images/pdfs/1981.pdf](http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/statreg-images/pdfs/1981.pdf) |title=Georgia Official and Statistical Register 1981-82 |publisher=Georgia Secretary of State |date=1981 |accessdate=19 Julai 2019 }}</ref> Mwaka 2012, Ballard alitimiza miaka 60 ya utendaji wa sheria kama wakili anayefanya kazi kikamilifu.<ref name="60 years">{{Cite web |url=[https://www.rockdalenewtoncitizen.com/news/man-of-the-law-don-ballard-has-been-practicing-law/article_47083743-3e99-5e29-815a-7216e6a8df87.html](https://www.rockdalenewtoncitizen.com/news/man-of-the-law-don-ballard-has-been-practicing-law/article_47083743-3e99-5e29-815a-7216e6a8df87.html) |title=Mtu wa sheria: Don Ballard amekuwa akifanya kazi ya uwakili kwa miaka 60 |first1=Crystal |last1=Tatum |website=RockdaleNewtonCitizen.com |date=Machi 20, 2012 |accessdate=19 Julai 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2019}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] qql25syxcz85hyxf4faddebc894xnqy 3 237952 1548990 2026-05-23T10:58:27Z Czeus25 Masele 28489 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' 1548990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) nxadgdfnjsqztyimgqgokqec4y9e8ir 3 237953 1548992 2026-05-23T11:02:17Z Czeus25 Masele 28489 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Karibu}} ~~~~' 1548992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:02, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) etaexl0vtv84tnf5cv6lb0ji9b4x7gz 0 237954 1548995 2026-05-23T11:04:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arthur J. Balzer''' (Machi 6, 1895 – Januari 31, 1962) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mhadhiri wa [[Marekani]] kutoka West Allis, [[Wisconsin]], aliyewahi kuhudumu kwa vipindi kadhaa kama mwanachama wa Bunge la Jimbo la Wisconsin akiwakilisha Kaunti ya Milwaukee. Alihudumu kwanza katika miaka ya 1930 na baadaye kwa muhula mmoja katika miaka ya 1950.<ref>[[http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf](http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf...' 1548995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur J. Balzer''' (Machi 6, 1895 – Januari 31, 1962) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mhadhiri wa [[Marekani]] kutoka West Allis, [[Wisconsin]], aliyewahi kuhudumu kwa vipindi kadhaa kama mwanachama wa Bunge la Jimbo la Wisconsin akiwakilisha Kaunti ya Milwaukee. Alihudumu kwanza katika miaka ya 1930 na baadaye kwa muhula mmoja katika miaka ya 1950.<ref>[[http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf](http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf) "Members of the Wisconsin Legislature 1848–1999" State of Wisconsin Legislative Bureau. Information Bulletin 99-1, Septemba 1999. uk. 25] {{webarchive |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209014416/http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20061209014416/http://www.legis.state.wi.us/lrb/pubs/ib/99ib1.pdf) |date=9 Desemba 2006 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1895|1962}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] del7tfd9g0ty52vk25hqr4ttk1b7lhs 0 237955 1549006 2026-05-23T11:16:51Z Olimasy 26935 tumeanzisha makala(Demo ya mafunzo SAUT) 1549006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morcheeba''' ni bendi ya [[muziki]] kutoka nchini Uingereza, iliyo unndwa kati ya mwaka 1990 ikiwa na waanzilishi ndungu Paul na Ross Godfrey ambao baadae walifundisha waimbaji wengine Skye Edwards.<ref>https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/931/morcheeba/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} 3paeqo5zihn27am1njigijdt7t68qwk 0 237956 1549015 2026-05-23T11:29:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Lana Turner (Mwanamitindo)]] hadi [[Lana Turner (mwanamitindo)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1549015 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lana Turner (mwanamitindo)]] 5thtllezhb87rx92i6xsgx0r6otr7gy 0 237957 1549018 2026-05-23T11:33:38Z Olimasy 26935 kuanzisha ukurasa mpya (mafunzo SAUT) 1549018 wikitext text/x-wiki Katika zama za kale za [uhifadhi wa chakula,pembe ilitumika kuhifadhi chakula cha kutosha(tangu enzi za ugiriki ya kale). Katika zama za Ugiriki ya kale iliitwa pembe ya Amalthea baada ya Amalthea muuguzi wa Zeus mabae ni sehem ya simulizi ya asili ya pembe.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=R1qaCxoc90UC&pg=PA60&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} djgjjbbip5d5332r1aapkob4hnz538z 0 237958 1549021 2026-05-23T11:36:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Allen (Mwanariadha)]] hadi [[John Allen (mwanariadha)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1549021 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[John Allen (mwanariadha)]] thw6zsr9yig3dpmbien45oxvlfd8i6x 0 237959 1549024 2026-05-23T11:38:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Russell Allen (Mwendesha baiskeli)]] hadi [[Russell Allen (mwendeshabaiskeli)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1549024 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Russell Allen (mwendeshabaiskeli)]] qv206gvzrr6t744yy4snzhucy8qa24f 0 237960 1549027 2026-05-23T11:40:25Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Grégoire Mirindi Carhangabo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=MIRINDI CARHANGABO Gregoire|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=mirindi-carhangabo-gregoire|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} J...' 1549027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grégoire Mirindi Carhangabo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=MIRINDI CARHANGABO Gregoire|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=mirindi-carhangabo-gregoire|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] geqtr8gctxj2as1dn68czkx0yj84y0m 0 237961 1549030 2026-05-23T11:44:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[James Ashby (Afisa wa huduma ya afya wa kijeshi)]] hadi [[James Ashby (afisa afya wa kijeshi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1549030 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[James Ashby (afisa afya wa kijeshi)]] mzgkgbb58irafsg12ltjtwxn66z3k5k 0 237962 1549032 2026-05-23T11:46:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Weston Teruya''' (alizaliwa [[1977]] huko [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]) ni [[msanii]] wa taswira na msimamizi wa sanaa anayeishi [[Oakland, California]]. Uchongaji wake wa karatasi , usakinishaji, na michoro hurekebisha alama kuunda maana zisizotarajiwa zinazogusa ukweli wa kijamii/kisiasa, zikitafakari masuala ya nguvu, udhibiti, mwonekano, ulinzi , utofauti na upendeleo.<ref name="related">{{cite web|url=https://relatedtactics.com/who-we-are|title=Who we are|...' 1549032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Weston Teruya''' (alizaliwa [[1977]] huko [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]) ni [[msanii]] wa taswira na msimamizi wa sanaa anayeishi [[Oakland, California]]. Uchongaji wake wa karatasi , usakinishaji, na michoro hurekebisha alama kuunda maana zisizotarajiwa zinazogusa ukweli wa kijamii/kisiasa, zikitafakari masuala ya nguvu, udhibiti, mwonekano, ulinzi , utofauti na upendeleo.<ref name="related">{{cite web|url=https://relatedtactics.com/who-we-are|title=Who we are|publisher=Related Tactics|accessdate=21 August 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1gv4jqbp7kqnk638oniq0oov2w3v80l 0 237963 1549034 2026-05-23T11:46:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eyrolles Michel Mvunzi Meya''' (4 Agosti 1974 – 16 Desemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Franco-Rwandaise|first=La Tribune|title=Un gouvernement de 66 ministres pour diriger la RDC - La Tribune franco-rwandaise|url=https://www.france-rwanda.info/2019/08/un-gouvernement-de-66-ministres-pour-diriger-la-rdc.html|work=La Tribune franco-rwandaise|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{...' 1549034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eyrolles Michel Mvunzi Meya''' (4 Agosti 1974 – 16 Desemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Franco-Rwandaise|first=La Tribune|title=Un gouvernement de 66 ministres pour diriger la RDC - La Tribune franco-rwandaise|url=https://www.france-rwanda.info/2019/08/un-gouvernement-de-66-ministres-pour-diriger-la-rdc.html|work=La Tribune franco-rwandaise|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Digitalcongo.net {{!}} La RDC enfin dotée du Gouvernement de l’alternance démocratique|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article-en/5d639f30afb19500046d1606/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] Mjumbe anayeshughulikia Masuala ya Kimila chini ya [[Wizara]] ya Mambo ya Ndani, Usalama na Masuala ya Kimila katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia alikuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Taifa na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). Alifariki dunia kutokana na ugonjwa wa COVID-19 tarehe 16 Desemba 2020 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] qqn8crfm52n1yfzgyf23gthk9oxz0ic 0 237964 1549036 2026-05-23T11:50:05Z KanawaMungu 89610 Nimeanzisha makala 1549036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"Bad Girl"''' ni wimbo uliorekodiwa na kundi la wasichana la Marekani, '''Danity Kane'''. Uliandikwa na '''Mary Brown, Jim Beanz, Devin "DLP" Parker, Danja''' na '''Missy Elliott'''. Wimbo huu ulitayarishwa na '''Danja''' na unamshirikisha '''Missy Elliott''' kama msanii mgeni. Uliachiliwa na '''Bad Boy Records''' tarehe '''1 Julai 2008''' kama single ya pili na ya mwisho kutoka kwenye albamu ya pili ya kundi hilo, '''Welcome to the Dollhouse (2008)'''. Wimbo huu ulifikia nafasi ya '''85''' kwenye chati ya '''US Billboard Pop 100''', na ulikuwa ndiyo wimbo wa mwisho kutolewa na kundi hilo kabla ya kuvunjika mapema mwaka 2009.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080320080522/http://blogs.usatoday.com/listenup/2008/03/this-weeks-re-1.html</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} f5am4hkw7jw5sr4g362re0bld33s37m 1549039 1549036 2026-05-23T11:54:26Z KanawaMungu 89610 Nimeongeza jamii ya muziki 1549039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"Bad Girl"''' ni wimbo uliorekodiwa na kundi la wasichana la Marekani, '''Danity Kane'''. Uliandikwa na '''Mary Brown, Jim Beanz, Devin "DLP" Parker, Danja''' na '''Missy Elliott'''. Wimbo huu ulitayarishwa na '''Danja''' na unamshirikisha '''Missy Elliott''' kama msanii mgeni. Uliachiliwa na '''Bad Boy Records''' tarehe '''1 Julai 2008''' kama single ya pili na ya mwisho kutoka kwenye albamu ya pili ya kundi hilo, '''Welcome to the Dollhouse (2008)'''. Wimbo huu ulifikia nafasi ya '''85''' kwenye chati ya '''US Billboard Pop 100''', na ulikuwa ndiyo wimbo wa mwisho kutolewa na kundi hilo kabla ya kuvunjika mapema mwaka 2009.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080320080522/http://blogs.usatoday.com/listenup/2008/03/this-weeks-re-1.html</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] abx2z0uxu6gpwhcyyazet6ammabjbug 0 237965 1549037 2026-05-23T11:50:13Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''LiQin Tan''' (alizaliwa [[1957]]) ni [[msanii]] wa kidigitali , mhuishaji , mtafiti, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alifundisha [[Kanada]], [[Uchina]], [[Singapuri]], na Marekani.<ref name="rutgers spotlight">[http://ur.rutgers.edu/archive/spotlight-LiqinTan/ The Art of Perception] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121212195638/http://ur.rutgers.edu/archive/spotlight-LiqinTan/ |date=2012-12-12 }}, ''Rutgers Magazine''</ref><ref>[http://en....' 1549037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''LiQin Tan''' (alizaliwa [[1957]]) ni [[msanii]] wa kidigitali , mhuishaji , mtafiti, na mwalimu nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alifundisha [[Kanada]], [[Uchina]], [[Singapuri]], na Marekani.<ref name="rutgers spotlight">[http://ur.rutgers.edu/archive/spotlight-LiqinTan/ The Art of Perception] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121212195638/http://ur.rutgers.edu/archive/spotlight-LiqinTan/ |date=2012-12-12 }}, ''Rutgers Magazine''</ref><ref>[http://en.artintern.net/index.php/exhibition/main/html/899/3 "Refractive Brain Therapy" Solo Exhibition of LiQin Tan], ''Artintern.net''</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tkt97oh1ait9w9js42vv39tepdyiyd0 0 237966 1549038 2026-05-23T11:52:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Crispin Mbindule Mitono''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Taifa la DRC anayewakilisha jimbo la Butembo. Pia ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Catholique du Graben.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nos Elus {{!}} UNC|url=http://www.unc-rdc.org/?q=node/25|work=www.unc-rdc.org|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=MBINDU...' 1549038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Crispin Mbindule Mitono''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Taifa la DRC anayewakilisha jimbo la Butembo. Pia ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Catholique du Graben.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nos Elus {{!}} UNC|url=http://www.unc-rdc.org/?q=node/25|work=www.unc-rdc.org|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=MBINDULE MITONO Crispin|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=mbindule-mitono-crispin|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 7257btwghqnldf1hjbqn6176idy2c0r 0 237967 1549040 2026-05-23T11:54:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sean Taggart''' ni [[mchoraji]] picha na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza taaluma yake mapema miaka ya [[1980]] akifanya kazi kwenye vipeperushi na majalada ya albamu kwa bendi za eneo la ''New York Hardcore'', kama ''Agnostic Front'', ''Murphy's Law (bendi)'', na ''Cro-Mags'', na alikuwa msanii wa jalada la kwanza la ''Crumbsuckers''. Pia alitengeneza sanaa kwa bendi ''Carnivore (bendi)'', ''Prong (bendi)'', na ''Napalm Death, na nyingine nying...' 1549040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sean Taggart''' ni [[mchoraji]] picha na [[msanii]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza taaluma yake mapema miaka ya [[1980]] akifanya kazi kwenye vipeperushi na majalada ya albamu kwa bendi za eneo la ''New York Hardcore'', kama ''Agnostic Front'', ''Murphy's Law (bendi)'', na ''Cro-Mags'', na alikuwa msanii wa jalada la kwanza la ''Crumbsuckers''. Pia alitengeneza sanaa kwa bendi ''Carnivore (bendi)'', ''Prong (bendi)'', na ''Napalm Death, na nyingine nyingi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k9m7ph523ct5lynb3t920pcsajk1gl1 0 237968 1549048 2026-05-23T11:58:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steve Mbikayi Mabuluki''' (amezaliwa 23 Januari 1963) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Masuala ya Kibinadamu na Mshikamano wa Kitaifa chini ya [[Rais]] Félix Tshisekedi. Alizaliwa katika eneo la Kasai-Occidental. Baada ya ajali ya Mto Congo ya mwaka 2021, alitoa tamko rasmi kuhusu tukio hilo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Congo river disaster: at least 60 dead and hundreds missing after 'overloaded' boat...' 1549048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Mbikayi Mabuluki''' (amezaliwa 23 Januari 1963) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Masuala ya Kibinadamu na Mshikamano wa Kitaifa chini ya [[Rais]] Félix Tshisekedi. Alizaliwa katika eneo la Kasai-Occidental. Baada ya ajali ya Mto Congo ya mwaka 2021, alitoa tamko rasmi kuhusu tukio hilo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Congo river disaster: at least 60 dead and hundreds missing after 'overloaded' boat sinks|date=2021-02-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/16/congo-river-boat-sinks-deaths-missing|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC: un député propose un mandat de sept ans au lieu de cinq pour le chef de l'État|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220319-rdc-un-d%C3%A9put%C3%A9-propose-un-mandat-de-sept-ans-au-lieu-de-cinq-pour-le-chef-de-l-%C3%A9tat|work=RFI|date=2022-03-19|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=fr}}</ref> Mwezi Machi 2022, Mbikayi alipendekeza mabadiliko ya mfumo wa urais pamoja na kuongeza muda wa urais kutoka miaka 5 hadi miaka 7. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] 567qxjxx2tsh56yjzz2f17ukqoi1mxv