Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 915 1550405 1550224 2026-05-25T18:06:31Z Gayle157 73366 /* Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) */ Jibu 1550405 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka moja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' :</br>{{Strong support}}--'''-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) asskb6w1lkux3tgcw47bahot4ber0hq 1550407 1550405 2026-05-25T18:07:57Z Gayle157 73366 1550407 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka moja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) 5v89aw3z2tha2sd6w5jfgqxwvzqvw64 1550408 1550407 2026-05-25T18:14:24Z Gayle157 73366 /* Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) */ 1550408 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka moja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) k70mnyujttz490gpnmzej3waso2gki4 1550432 1550408 2026-05-25T19:14:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) */ 1550432 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka moja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. 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color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--- '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) r67lz7fil1ai9cm75vpp4e232dd6yf5 0 2173 1550315 1549210 2026-05-25T12:44:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|JKK|nchi jirani|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | jina_asili = République démocratique du Congo (Kifaransa) | bendera = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Justice – Paix – Travail" (Haki – Amani – Kazi) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Debout Congolais" (Simameni Wakongo) </br>[[File:Debout Congolais.ogg]] | ramani = COD orthographic.svg | ramani2 =Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la JKK katika dunia | maelezo_ramani2 = JKK katika [[Afrika]] | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Kinshasa]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] <ref>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | lugha2 = [[Kiswahili]], [[Lingala]], [[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] <ref name="UNDRC">{{cite web |title=Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CD/languages |website=Ethnologue |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_dini = 2024 <ref name="United States Department of State 2022"/> | dini = {{Plainlist| *95.4% [[Ukristo]] *2.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.5% [[Uislamu]] *0.5% others / none }} | uraia = ''Mkongo'' </br> ''Wakongo'' | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Félix Tshisekedi]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = [[Judith Suminwa]] | bunge = Bunge la Kitaifa (Seneti na Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]''' | tukio1 = [[Dola Huru la Kongo]] | tukio1_tarehe = 1895 - 1908 | tukio2 = Uhuru | tukio2_tarehe = 30 Juni 1960 <ref name="cia.gov"/> | eneo_jumla = 2,345,409 | maji = 3.32% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 124,388,160 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population (2025)|website=Worldometer|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175204/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-congo-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 48 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $200.76 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,881 <ref name="auto"/> | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = {{increase}} $79.120 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $742 <ref name="auto"/> | hdi = {{Ongezeko}} 0.522 <ref name="UNHDR"/> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 171 | gini = 42.1 <ref name=gini/> | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) | majira_saa = +1 hadi UTC+2 (WAT na CAT) | tld = .cd | msimbo_simu = 243 }} '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' ([[kifupi]]: JKK; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République démocratique du Congo''; pia '''Kongo-Kinshasa''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], inayopakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kaskazini, [[Sudan Kusini]] kaskazini-mashariki, [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] mashariki, [[Tanzania]] kusini-mashariki, [[Zambia]] kusini, na [[Angola]] kusini-magharibi. Mnamo 2024, Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 110, na kuwa nchi ya 15 kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idadi ya Watu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Benki Kuu ya Dunia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD |website=www.data.worldbank.org|accessdate=2025-08-28|lang=en}}</ref> [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi ni [[Kinshasa]], ambalo pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. JKK imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] 26 na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] kwa eneo na ina [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[rasilmali]] za [[asili]], hasa [[madini]] kama vile [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. Licha ya utajiri huo, IKK kwa muda mrefu imekumbwa na hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] isiyo thabiti, migogoro, na maendeleo duni. Sehemu kubwa ya matatizo hayO yanatokana na [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ubelgiji]], uliomalizika [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na kufuatiwa na [[Mwongo|miongo]] kadhaa ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], hasa chini ya [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Tangu mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]], nchi imepitia mfululizo wa migogoro, ikiwemo [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo|Vita vya Kwanza]] (1996-1997) na [[vita vya Pili vya Kongo|vya Pili vya Kongo]] (1998-2003), ambavyo vilihusisha nchi jirani kadhaa na kusababisha janga lililoathiri mamilioni ya watu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.warchild.org.uk/history-democratic-republic-congo-drc|publisher=Warchild|website=6 www.warchild.org.uk|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo: Colonialism , Civil War and Conflict|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/History|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> [[Mto Kongo]], ambao ni [[mto]] wa pili kwa [[urefu]] barani [[Afrika]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo River|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-River|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-06}}</ref>, unapita katikati ya nchi na ni njia muhimu ya usafirishaji, inayosaidia [[biashara]] na jamii za wenyeji. JKK ina [[Msitu|misitu]] mikubwa ya [[mvua]], ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Bonde]] la Kongo, ambalo ni msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa wa mvua wa [[Tropiki|kitropiki]] duniani baada ya [[msitu wa Amazon]]. Mifumo hiyo ya [[ekolojia]] ni muhimu sana duniani kwa utofauti wa viumbe na udhibiti wa [[hali ya hewa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Introduction to the General Geography of the DRC|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-41065-9_1|website=www.springer.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> Aina mbalimbali za [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nchini zinaonekana kupitia zaidi ya [[Kabila|makabila]] 200 na [[lugha]] nyingi, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Licha ya changamoto hizo, JKK inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na uhifadhi wa mazingira. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inaendeshwa kama [[Serikali ya Kirais|jamhuri ya nusu-urais]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaotegemea Katiba iliyopitishwa mwaka 2006 baada ya kipindi cha mpito kilichofuata [[Vita vya Pili vya Kongo]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-congo/Government-and-society |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Government and Society |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na kamanda mkuu wa majeshi ya ulinzi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yapo chini ya Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), na [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS). <ref name="AU_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/democratic_republic_congo |title=Member State Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kiuchumi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inategemea sana uchimbaji [[madini]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa na baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya kobalti pamoja na hifadhi kubwa za [[shaba]], [[almasi]], lithiamu, na madini mengine ya kimkakati muhimu kwa sekta za teknolojia na nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview |title=The World Bank in DRC: Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] pia kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mazao kama muhogo, mahindi, ndizi za kupika, kahawa, na mafuta ya mawese yakizalishwa katika maeneo mbalimbali. Changamoto za [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa usalama katika majimbo ya mashariki, na maendeleo madogo ya viwanda zinaendelea kuathiri ukuaji wa uchumi, ingawa nchi hiyo bado ina umuhimu mkubwa wa kimkakati kutokana na maliasili zake, uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji, na nafasi yake ya kati ndani ya Afrika. <ref name="WFB_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#economy |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jina == Jina ''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo'' linaakisi mfumo wa kisiasa wa nchi hiyo pamoja na utambulisho wake wa kijiografia katika eneo la Kongo la [[Afrika ya Kati]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC"/> Neno ''Kongo'' linatokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]], dola yenye nguvu ya kabla ya ukoloni iliyokuwepo kando ya [[Mto Kongo]] wa chini na iliyochangia sana historia ya awali ya eneo hilo. <ref name="UNESCO_Kongo">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/102/ |title=Mbanza Kongo, Mabaki ya Mji Mkuu wa Ufalme wa zamani wa Kongo |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hii mara nyingi hufupishwa kama ''DRC'' na pia hujulikana kama ''Kongo-Kinshasa'' ili kuitofautisha na nchi jirani ya magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] (Kongo-Brazzaville). <ref name="BBC_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |title=Wasifu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Jina la sasa lilipitishwa rasmi mwaka 1997 baada ya kuanguka kwa utawala wa Mobutu, likichukua nafasi ya jina la awali ''Zaire'', lililotumika kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997. <ref name="WFB_DRC"/> == Jiografia == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa eneo barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na takribani kilomita za mraba 2,345,409. Iko katika [[Afrika ya Kati]] na inapakana na nchi tisa: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na [[Angola]]. Pia ina ukanda mwembamba wa pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], unaotoa njia ndogo ya kuingia baharini. ===Topografia na mandhari=== [[File:Congo Kinshasa Topography.png|thumb|200px|Topografia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]] JKK ina mandhari mbalimbali na tata ikijumuisha: * '''Bonde la Mto Kongo''': Katikati ya nchi kuna Bonde la Kongo, eneo kubwa la chini lililofunikwa na msitu mnene wa mvua wa kitropiki na linalopitiwa na **Mto Kongo**, mto wa pili kwa urefu Afrika. Bonde hili lina msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa duniani baada ya Amazon. * '''Uwanda wa Kati''': Unaouzunguka bonde kuna uwanda wa juu wenye urefu wa kati ya mita 500 hadi 1,000. Eneo hili hubadilika kutoka msitu hadi savana. * '''Milima''': Mashariki, ardhi inapanda kwa kasi na kutengeneza [[Milima ya Bonde la Ufa la Albertine]], sehemu ya tawi la magharibi la Mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Sehemu hii ina [[Mlima Stanley]], mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ukiwa na urefu wa mita 5,109 (futi 16,763), ulioko kwenye [[Milima ya Rwenzori]] mpakani na Uganda. * '''Eneo la Maziwa Makuu''': Mashariki mwa DRC inapakana na baadhi ya maziwa makuu ya Afrika kama vile [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], [[Ziwa Kivu]], [[Ziwa Edward]], na [[Ziwa Albert]]. Maziwa haya yako katika bonde la ufa na huchangia katika shughuli za volkeno na mitetemeko ya ardhi. ===Maji na Mifumo ya Mito=== [[File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg|thumb|200px|Mito nchini JKK]] Mto Kongo ndiyo njia kuu ya maji nchini. Unapita katikati ya JKK kwa mduara mkubwa na unavukika katika baadhi ya sehemu, hivyo kuwa njia muhimu ya usafiri. Mito mikuu inayotoa maji katika Mto Kongo ni pamoja na [[Mto Ubangi]], [[Mto Kasai]], na [[Mto Lualaba]]. Mfumo huu wa mito una viumbe wengi wa majini na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji. Nchi pia ina maeneo mengi ya mabwawa, vinamasi, na njia za ndani za maji, na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye maji mengi zaidi Afrika. ===Hali ya Hewa=== JKK ina hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini hali hubadilika kulingana na maeneo: * ''Hali ya hewa ya Ikweta'': Eneo la kati lina joto na unyevunyevu mwingi na mvua nyingi mwaka mzima. * ''Hali ya hewa ya mvua na kiangazi'': Kaskazini na kusini kuna misimu ya mvua na kiangazi. * ''Hali ya hewa ya milimani'': Nyanda za juu mashariki zina joto la chini na hali tofauti kutokana na mwinuko mkubwa. Mvua ya kila mwaka inaweza kuzidi milimita 2,000 katika maeneo ya misitu, huku savana ikiwa na mvua chache zaidi. ===Rasilimali asilia na bioanuwai === JKK ina utajiri mkubwa wa [[rasilimali]] [[uasilia|asilia]] kama vile [[shaba]], [[kobalti]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. [[Msitu|Misitu]] ya nchi hii ni makazi ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] mbalimbali kama [[bonobo]], [[okapi]], [[sokwe]], na [[tembo]]. Maeneo kadhaa yamelindwa kama mbuga za [[mnyama|wanyama]], zikiwemo za [[hifadhi ya Virunga|Virunga]] na [[Salonga]], ambazo ni maeneo ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]]. ===Changamoto za mazingira=== Licha ya utajiri wa kiekolojia, JKK inakumbwa na changamoto nyingi za mazingira: * Ukataji miti ovyo * Uchimbaji haramu wa madini * Uwindaji haramu na uharibifu wa makazi ya viumbe * Uchafuzi wa mazingira kutokana na uchimbaji * Madhara ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} ===Historia ya kale=== [[Picha:KingdomKongo1711.png|thumb|Ufalme wa Kongo mnamo mwaka 1700]] Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na ya [[Wabilikimo]]. Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Jina la Kongo lahusiana na [[mto Kongo]] unaopitia nchi yote. Mnamo [[karne ya 15]], wakati [[wapelelezi]] wa kwanza [[Wareno]] walipofika kwenye pwani za Afrika, [[milki]] kubwa katika nchi ya Kongo ya magharibi pamoja na [[Angola]] ya kaskazini ilikuwa [[Ufalme wa Kongo]]. Wakati wa uenezaji mkuu ufalme huu ulianza kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Atlantiki na kuendelea hadi [[mto Kwango]] kwenye mashariki, halafu maeneo kutoka [[Pointe-Noire]] (leo: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], upande wa kaskazini ya [[Cabinda]]) upande wa kaskazini hadi [[mto Loje]] (leo: mji wa [[Ambriz]]) katika kusini. Mtawala alikuwa na [[cheo]] cha [[Manikongo]] na ufalme uligawiwa kwa majimbo sita. Baada ya kufika kwa Wareno wafalme na matabaka ya juu walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Ufalme uliporomoka kutokana na vita vilivyosababishwa na [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kuingilia kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] ya [[watumwa]] katika [[siasa]] ya ndani. Hata hivyo, [[nasaba]] za watawala waliotumia cheo cha "Awenekongo" waliendelea kukaa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa kale M'banza-Kongo (iliyobadilishwa jina kuitwa San Salvador) hadi mwaka [[1914]] ambako Wareno walifuta mabaki ya [[uhuru]] na kufanya eneo lililobaki sehemu kamili ya koloni lao la Angola. Upande wa Mashariki, [[Washi]] walikuwa na ufalme wenye nguvu katika [[karne ya 17]] hadi [[karne ya 19]], chini ya Mwami Kabare. Baadaye, ufalme huo uligawanyika katika madola madogo kama: Kabare, Walungu, Mwenga na Kalehe. Upande wa [[kusini]], kuanzia karne ya 17, kulikuwa na [[ufalme]] ulioitwa [[Dola la Kazembe]]. === Koloni binafsi la mfalme kuwa koloni la Ubelgiji === [[Picha:MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Picha za watoto waliokatwa mikono kama [[adhabu]] chini ya Leopold II zilienea na kusababisha madai ya kumwondolea utawala wa Kongo.]] Nchi jinsi ilivyo ilianzishwa kama [[Dola huru la Kongo]] likiwa [[mali]] binafsi ya [[mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]]. [[Historia]] yake ni ya [[aibu]] na ya [[ukatili]] kupindukia. Utawala wa mfalme ulionekana kuwa wa kinyama na upinzani dhidi yake ulikua katika nchi nyingi za dunia. Hatimaye alipaswa kukabidhi koloni lake binafsi mikononi mwa serikali ya Ubelgiji iliyomlipa [[fidia]] kwa mali aliyoacha. Kati ya mwaka [[1908]] hadi [[1960]] ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ubelgiji]] kwa jina la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] baada ya kuhamishiwa mikononi mwa [[serikali]] ya Ubelgiji. Katika miaka [[1925]] hadi [[1946]] maeneo ya [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] yalitawaliwa kama sehemu za Kongo ya Kibelgiji. === Siasa ya wakoloni === Wabelgiji walijitahidi kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wenyeji baada ya miaka mibaya ya Leopold II. Nia ilichelewa kuonekana hali halisi kwa sababu utaratibu wa kulazimisha Waafrika kufanyia kazi kampuni na shirika kubwa iliendelea hata bila [[idhini]] ya serikali mpya ukadai vifo vingi. Kwenye uwanja wa [[elimu]], [[matibabu]] na [[mawasiliano]] [[jitihada]] za siasa mpya zilionekana zaidi. Kongo ilikuwa kati ya nchi chache ambako lugha za kienyeji zilifundishwa [[Shule|shuleni]] kwa sababu shule nyingi ziliendshwa na [[wamisionari]]. Kwa upande mwingine [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliwaruhusu Waafrika wachache sana kufikia ngazi za juu za elimu. Makampuni makubwa ya [[mgodi|migodi]] kama vile "Société Générale" na "Union Minière du Haut Katanga" yalichimba [[madini]] hasa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]]. Makampuni hayo yalikuwa na athira kubwa. Katanga ilikuwa maarufu kwa [[shaba]] iliyochimbwa huko. halafu pia kwa [[uranium]] iliyotumiwa kwa [[bomu la kinyuklia|mabomu ya kwanza ya kinyuklia]] ya [[Marekani]] mwaka [[1945]]. === Upinzani === Baada ya [[unyama]] wa miaka ya Leopold II upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa hafifu. Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1920]] Wakongo wengi walionyesha upinzani huo katika mahudhurio katika madhehebu mapya ya wafuasi wa [[Simon Kimbangu]] yaliyopigwa marufuku na Wabelgiji kuanzia mwaka [[1926]]. Tangu mwaka [[1950]] upinzani uliongezeka na kuonyesha pia uso wa kisiasa. Wabelgiji ambao hawakujiandaa kwa madai hayo yalipaswa kukubali [[uchaguzi]] wa halmashauri za vijiji na miji mwaka [[1957]]. Mwaka [[1958]] vyama vya kisiasa vilikubaliwa. [[Harakati]] mbili muhimu kati ya hivi zilikuwa Abako (Alliance de Bakongo) chini ya [[Joseph Kasavubu]] na MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) chini ya [[Patrice Lumumba]]. Mwaka [[1959]] mkutano wa wanasiasa Wakongo ulidai [[uhuru]] wa nchi. === Mwisho wa koloni na uhuru === Wabelgiji walijaribu kuchelewesha harakati hizo lakini baada ya kutambua matatizo serikali ya Ubelgiji ilitangaza mnamo Januari [[1960]] kuwa uchaguzi utaendeshwa haraka na baada ya miezi sita Wabelgiji watakabidhi nchi kwa wenyeji. [[Chama]] cha Patrice Lumumba kilishinda kwa [[kura]] nyingi naye akawa kiongozi wa kwanza wa nchi huru kama [[waziri mkuu]]. Koloni la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] lilipata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[30 Juni]] [[1960]]. Kati ya [[27 Oktoba]] [[1971]] na [[17 Mei]] [[1997]], chini ya utawala wa [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu]], nchi ilijulikana kwa jina la "[[Zaire]]". Leo hii ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Mikoa == {{Main|Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Image:Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo - 2005.svg|thumb|left|350px|Mikoa 25 na [[mji mkuu]] [[Kinshasa]].]] <br clear="left"/> Nchi imegawiwa katika mikoa 26 kadiri ya [[Katiba]] mpya ([[2006]]) na utekelezaji wake wa mwaka [[2015]]. {| style="background:transparent;" | <!----First column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 1. || [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kinshasa]] |- | 2. || [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati|Kongo Kati]]{{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Matadi]] |- | 3. || [[Mkoa wa Kwango|Kwango]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kenge (Kwango)|Kenge]] |- | 4. || [[Mkoa wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kikwit]] |- | 5. || [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe|Mai-Ndombe]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Inongo]] |- | 6. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï|Kasaï]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Luebo]] |- | 7. || [[Mkoa wa Lulua|Lulua]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kananga]] |- | 8. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï Mashariki|Kasaï Mashariki]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | 9. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami|Lomami]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kabinda (Lomami)|Kabinda]] |- | 10. || [[Mkoa wa Sankuru|Sankuru]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lodja]] |- | 11. || [[Mkoa wa Maniema|Maniema]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kindu]] |- | 12. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bukavu]] |- | 13. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Goma]] |} | <!----Second column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 14. || [[Mkoa wa Ituri|Ituri]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bunia]] |- | 15. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu|Uele Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Isiro]] |- | 16. || [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kisangani]] |- | 17. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini|Uele Chini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Buta]] |- | 18. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini|Ubangi Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gbadolite]] |- | 19. || [[Mkoa wa Mongala|Mongala]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lisala]] |- | 20. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini|Ubangi Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gemena]] |- | 21. || [[Mkoa wa Équateur|Équateur]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbandaka]] |- | 22. || [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Boende]] |- | 23. || [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kalemie]] |- | 24. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu|Lomami Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kamina]] |- | 25. || [[Mkoa wa Lualaba|Lualaba]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kolwezi]] |- | 26. || [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Katanga Juu]] {{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lubumbashi]] |} |} ==Demografia== [[File:Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|thumb|Piramidi ya Idadi ya watu ya DRC (JKK)]] '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (DRC), ni taifa la nne kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu barani [[Afrika]], likikadiria kuwa na watu takriban milioni 109.3 mwaka 2023<ref name="demografia">{{Rejea habari|title=Demografia za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=en}}</ref>Ina muundo wa kundi la vijana, ambapo takriban 46% ya watu wake wako chini ya umri wa miaka 15 na umri wa wastani ni miaka 16.5. Nchi hii ina kiwango kikubwa cha uzazi, ambapo kila mwanamke anazaa watoto wastani 6.05, na kiwango cha kuzaliwa ni 40.08 kwa watu 1,000<ref name="demografia"/>. Miaka ya kuishi unakadiriwa kuwa miaka 61.83, ambapo wanawake wanaishi zaidi (miaka 63.69) kuliko wanaume (miaka 60.03). Idadi ya watu wa DRC ni mchanganyiko wa makabila, ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250, ikiwemo [[Waluba]], [[Wamongo]], na [[Wakongo]]. Mji mkubwa na mkuu ni [[Kinshasa]] ===Kabila=== Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni miongoni mwa nchi zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[kabila|makabila]] barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250 yaliyosambaa kote katika eneo lake kubwa. Makabila makuu ni pamoja na [[Waluba]], wanaoishi hasa katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]] na [[Mkoa wa Katanga|Katanga]]; [[Wakongo]], wanaopatikana kandokando ya mto Kongo wa chini; na [[Wamongo]], wanaoishi katika bonde la katikati. Kwa pamoja, makabila hayo matatu yanachangia takribani asilimia 45 ya idadi ya watu nchini. [[File:Danses et chants folkloriques des Peuples Autochtones Pygmées de la RDC.jpg|thumb|Ngoma za kiasili na nyimbo za Wabilikimo nchini.]] Makundi mengine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Mangbetu]] na [[Wazande]] kaskazini mashariki, pamoja na jamii za [[Watutsi]] na [[Wahutu]] mashariki mwa nchi, ambazo zina uhusiano wa mpakani na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Wakongo wengi ni sehemu ya familia pana ya lugha za Bantu, ingawa kuna pia wachache wanaozungumza lugha za Kiniloti, pamoja na vikundi vidogo vya Wabilikimo wanaoishi katika misitu. Mchanganyiko huo mkubwa wa kikabila umeunda utajiri wa maisha ya kitamaduni nchini, lakini pia umekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa, hususan katika mikoa ya [[mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]]. === Lugha === [[Picha:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|300px|Maeneo ya lugha za taifa za Kongo.]] [[Kifaransa]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Ilikuwa lugha ya utawala ya koloni ikaendelea kutumiwa kama lugha isiyoelekea upande wowote kati ya ma[[kabila]], [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za nchi hii.Lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]] iliyotumiwa na Wabelgiji pamoja na Kifaransa katika utawala haitumiki tena. Kwa jumla kuna takriban lugha 242, hasa [[lugha za Kibantu]], zinazozungumzwa nchini (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|orodha ya lugha]]). Kati yake, lugha 4 zinatambuliwa kama [[lugha za kitaifa]], nazo ni: [[Kikongo]] ([[Kituba]]), [[Kingala (Kongo)]], [[Kiluba]] (''Tshiluba'') na [[Kiswahili]]. Wakati wa ukoloni lugha hizo nne za kitaifa ziliwahi kutumiwa kieneo katika [[shule za msingi]].[[Kingala]] kilikuwa lugha rasmi ya [[jeshi]] la kikoloni lililoitwa "[[Force Publique]]" chini ya utawala wa Ubelgiji likaendelea kuwa lugha ya jeshi la jamhuri baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu [[mapinduzi]] ya [[1997]] sehemu za jeshi, hasa [[mashariki]], hutumia pia Kiswahili.Takriban 47% wanatumia Kifaransa kama [[lugha ya kwanza]] au [[lugha ya pili]]. === Dini === [[File:Kisantu kathedraal 2.JPG|thumb|Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Cathedral, Kisantu]] {{Chati ya duara | caption= | label1 = [[Ukristo]] | value1 = 95.4 | color1= green | label2 = [[Dini za jadi]] | value2 = 2.6 | color2= red | label3 = [[Uislamu]] | value3 = 1.5 | color3= pink | label4 = Dini nyingine | value4 = 0.5 | color4= yellow }} Asilimia 95 ya watu katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni [[Wakristo]], huku [[Kanisa Katoliki]] likiwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kihistoria na kijamii nchini. Asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni [[Wakatoliki]], na 48.1% ni [[Waprotestanti]], wakiwemo wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama vile [[Wapentekoste]], [[Baptisti|Wabaptisti]] na [[Waanglikana]]. [[Uislamu]] unafuata kwa karibu 2% ya watu, na wafuasi wake wengi wanapatikana katika [[mkoa wa Maniema]] na maeneo ya mijini. Aidha, kuna idadi ndogo ya watu wanaofuata [[dini za jadi]] [[dini asilia za Kiafrika|za Kiafrika]] pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] wachache na [[Uhindu|Wahindu]]<ref name="dini">{{Cite Web|title=Dini katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|website=www.state.gov|accessdate=2025-08-26|lang=sw|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref>. ===Miji Mikubwa=== {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | stat_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511000300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://populationstat.com/africa/ |title=Africa Population (2022) |website=populationstat.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032905/https://populationstat.com/africa/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | div_name = Mkoa | city_1 = Kinshasa | div_1 = Kinshasa | pop_1 = 15,628,000 | city_2 = Mbuji-Mayi | div_2 = Kasai Mashariki | pop_2 = 2,765,000 | city_3 = Lubumbashi | div_3 = Haut-Katanga{{!}}Haut-Katanga | pop_3 = 2,695,000 | city_4 = Kisangani | div_4 = Tshopo | pop_4 = 1,640,000 | city_5 = Kananga | div_5 = Kasai ya Kati | pop_5 = 1,593,000 | city_6 = Mbandaka | div_6 = Équateur{{!}}Équateur | pop_6 = 1,188,000 | city_7 = Bukavu | div_7 = Kivu Kusini | pop_7 = 1,190,000 | city_8 = Tshikapa | div_8 = Kasai{{!}}Kasaï | pop_8 = 1,024,000 | city_9 = Bunia | div_9 = Ituri{{!}}Ituri | pop_9 = 768,000 | city_10 = Goma | div_10 = Kivu Kaskazini | pop_10 = 707,000 }} === Afya=== [[File:SECRETARY-GENERAL’S VISIT TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (48710365336).jpg|thumb|200px|Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres akitembelea kituo cha matibabu cha Ebola cha Mangina]] [[Afya]] nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) inakabiliwa na udhaifu mkubwa wa mfumo wa huduma za [[afya]], hali inayozuia wananchi kufikia kiwango cha [[huduma]] bora. Ingawa baadhi ya maendeleo yameonekana, kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha vifo vya mama wa kujifungua kutoka vifo 934 kwa kila vizazi 100,000 mwaka 2000 hadi 427 mwaka 2023, changamoto kubwa bado zipo. Vifo vya watoto chini ya miaka mitano viko juu, vikiwa watoto 73 kwa kila vizazi 1000 hai mwaka 2022, na kiwango cha vifo vya watoto wachanga kilikuwa 45 kwa kila vizazi 1,000. Lishe duni inakabili takriban asilimia 69 ya watoto, huku asilimia 43 ya watoto wakiwa na udumavu<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Is stunting in children under five associated with the state of vegetation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?|publisher=National Institute of Health|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9937978/|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|lang=en}}</ref>. Malaria huchangia kwa kiasi kikubwa vifo vya watoto, na JKK (DRC) ikiwa nafasi ya pili duniani kwa idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa. Migogoro ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], upungufu wa [[miundombinu]] ya [[afya]], na ufadhili mdogo vinaendelea kuathiri vibaya hali ya afya ya wananchi. == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa ukuaji wa haraka na changamoto kubwa za [[jamii|kijamii]]. Mwaka 2023, [[uchumi]] wa taifa hili ulikua kwa asilimia 8.6, ukiendeshwa hasa na sekta ya [[madini]] ila ulikuwa kwa asilimia 6.7 2024<ref name="uchumi">{{Rejea habari|title=Takwimu za Uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource,GrossDomesticProduction&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=datacommons.org|lang=en}}</ref>. [[Pato la Taifa]] kwa kila raia lilifikia takriban dola bilioni 70.75<ref name="uchumi"/>, huku takriban asilimia 73.5 ya wananchi wakiishi kwa chini ya dola 2.15 kwa siku<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Economic Overview of DRC|publisher=World Bank|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.worldbank.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Sekta ya madini inachangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya [[maduhuli|mauzo ya nje]], na bidhaa kuu ni [[shaba]] na [[kobalti]], huku kilimo kikiingiza takriban asilimia 17.4 ya [[Pato la Taifa]] na kuajiri asilimia 55.1 ya nguvu kazi. ===Sekta ya Madini=== '''Sekta ya madini''' ndiyo nguzo kuu ya uchumi wa JKK (DRC), ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya mapato ya kigeni. Taifa hili ndilo mzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kobalti]] duniani, likichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya uzalishaji wa kimataifa<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Rampant cobalt smuggling and corruption deny billions to DRC|publisher=issafrica|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/rampant-cobalt-smuggling-and-corruption-deny-billions-to-drc|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Vilevile, DRC ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[shaba]], [[dhahabu]], [[almasi]], ''tin'', ''tungsten'', na ''tantalum''. Uchimbaji unafanyika kwa njia za viwandani, kati, na za kijadi, ingawa hizi za kijadi zinakabiliwa na changamoto za usalama, utawala duni, na utumiaji wa watoto katika kazi za madini. ===Kilimo na Miundombinu=== [[Kilimo]] ni sekta muhimu katika uchumi wa DRC, ingawa kinakabiliwa na changamoto za miundombinu duni na usalama. Uzalishaji wa [[chakula]] unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu, na upatikanaji wa [[chakula]] bora ni mdogo, hasa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na migogoro. Kwa jumla, ingawa JKK (DRC) ina rasilimali nyingi, changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[usalama|kiusalama]], na ukosefu wa [[miundombinu]] vinapunguza uwezo wa wananchi kufaidika kikamilifu na ukuaji wa uchumi. == Siasa na Utawala== [[File:Tshisekedi (46615782065) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Rais wa DRC]] [[Serikali]] ya '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) inajumuisha mfumo wa utawala wa [[rais]], ambapo Rais ndiye Mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Rais]] anachaguliwa kwa njia ya kura ya moja kwa moja kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano, na anateua [[Waziri Mkuu]] ambaye ni kiongozi wa [[serikali]] na anawajibika kwa [[Bunge]]. Bunge la JKK (DRC) ni la mabunge mawili: [[Bunge la Taifa]] lenye viti 500 na [[Seneti]] yenye viti 108. Bunge la Taifa linachaguliwa moja kwa moja, wakati Seneti inachaguliwa na mabunge ya mikoa. Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya 2006, Rais anapaswa kugawana madaraka na [[Waziri Mkuu]] kutoka chama kikuu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]] kilichoshinda uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, katika utekelezaji, [[Rais]] mara nyingi amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi kuliko [[Waziri Mkuu]], na hii imekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Desemba 2023, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 73.47 ya kura, akimshinda mpinzani wake mkuu [[Moïse Katumbi]] aliyepata asilimia 18.32. Chama cha Rais, UDPS, kilishinda viti 454 katika Bunge la Taifa na viti 95 katika Seneti, na kuunda muungano wa kisiasa uitwao ''Umoja Takatifu wa Taifa'' (USN). Muungano huu unajumuisha vyama 24 na umeimarisha ushawishi wa [[Rais]] katika [[siasa]] za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, ushindi huu haukukubalika na baadhi ya wapinzani, na kulikuwa na malalamiko kuhusu uhalali wa uchaguzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanuliwa kwa muda wa kupiga kura kinyume cha sheria. Hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] nchini JKK (DRC) inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa za [[usalama|kiusalama]] na utawala. Katika mashariki mwa nchi, mapigano kati ya vikosi vya serikali na makundi ya waasi, kama vile [[M23]], yameendelea kusababisha machafuko na uhamaji mkubwa wa watu. Hata baada ya kutiwa saini kwa makubaliano ya amani kati ya DRC na Rwanda mnamo Juni 2025, mapigano yameendelea, na makundi ya waasi kama M23 hayakushirikishwa katika makubaliano hayo. Hali hii inaonyesha udhaifu wa [[serikali]] katika kudhibiti maeneo mengi ya nchi na kutekeleza makubaliano ya amani. Aidha, rushwa ni tatizo kubwa katika utawala wa JKK (DRC), na nchi imekuwa ikishika nafasi za chini katika viwango vya udhibiti wa rushwa duniani. Hali hii inachangia katika kudhoofisha taasisi za serikali na kuzuia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. == Elimu == [[File:DRC classroom.jpg|thumb|Darasa nchini Kongo,JKK]] [[Elimu]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo imepitia mabadiliko kutoka kwa mila za kabla ya ukoloni, utawala wa kikoloni, hadi mageuzi ya baada ya uhuru, ikionyesha [[historia]] na maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ya nchi hiyo. Kabla ya [[ukoloni]], [[elimu]] ilikuwa ya jadi na isiyo rasmi, ikitegemea mila za mdomo, mafunzo ya [[jamii|kijamii]], na ujuzi wa vitendo kama [[kilimo]], ufundi, na majukumu ya kijamii. Wakati wa utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] (mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] hadi 1960), elimu rasmi ilianzishwa hasa kupitia shule za [[wamisionari]] wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]], zikilenga kusoma na kuandika, mafundisho ya dini, na mafunzo ya ufundi. Upatikanaji wa [[elimu]] ya juu kwa Wakongo ulikuwa mdogo sana, na mfumo huo uliundwa zaidi kuhudumia mahitaji ya utawala wa kikoloni kuliko kukuza maendeleo mapana ya kielimu. Baada ya kupata uhuru mwaka 1960, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo#Serikali na Utawala|Serikali ya Kongo]] ilijitahidi kupanua na kufanya [[elimu]] iwe ya kitaifa, ili iweze kufikiwa na watu wengi na kuendana na utambulisho wa taifa pamoja na malengo ya maendeleo. Mageuzi yalileta ngazi zilizopangwa za elimu ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya [[chuo kikuu|juu]], huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha kuu ya kufunzia. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa utulivu wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], changamoto za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na vipindi vya migogoro vilizuia maendeleo endelevu. Juhudi zilifanywa kuendeleza lugha za kitaifa katika elimu ya awali na kuanzisha vyuo vikuu na taasisi za kiufundi, ingawa tofauti kati ya maeneo na makundi ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ziliendelea kuwepo. Katika kipindi cha sasa, mfumo wa [[elimu]] unajumuisha miaka sita ya elimu ya msingi, ikifuatiwa na elimu ya sekondari na ya juu, ikiwemo [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] na taasisi maalumu. [[Serikali]] imeanzisha sera kama elimu ya msingi bila malipo ili kuongeza idadi ya wanafunzi wanaojiunga na shule, lakini changamoto bado zipo, zikiwemo madarasa yenye msongamano mkubwa, uhaba wa [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa [[mwalimu|walimu]] wenye mafunzo ya kutosha, na athari za migogoro inayoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo. Licha ya changamoto hizi, elimu bado inaonekana kuwa nguzo muhimu ya maendeleo ya taifa, huku mageuzi yanayoendelea na msaada wa kimataifa yakilenga kuboresha upatikanaji, ubora, na usawa katika nchi nzima. == Watu Mashuhuri== * 1. [[Patrice Lumumba]] – Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa DRC na shujaa wa ukombozi wa taifa, aliuawa mwaka 1961. *2. [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] – Rais wa DRC kutoka 1965 hadi 1997, aliyeongoza kwa mtindo wa kiimla na kubadili jina la nchi kuwa Zaire. *3. [[Koffi Olomide]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1956. * 4. [[Fally Ipupa]] – Mwanamuziki wa kisasa maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1977. * 5. [[Joseph Kabila]] – Rais wa nne wa DRC (2001–2019), alichukua madaraka baada ya kuuawa kwa baba yake Laurent-Désiré Kabila. * 6. [[Franco Luambo]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu na kiongozi wa bendi ya TPOK Jazz, aliyeathiri muziki wa DRC na Afrika kwa ujumla. * 7. [[Dikembe Mutombo]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu aliyejulikana kimataifa, alizaliwa mwaka 1966. * 8. [[Serge Ibaka]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa DRC anayejulikana duniani, alizaliwa mwaka 1989. * 9. [[Julienne Lusenge]] – Mtetezi wa haki za wanawake na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Haki za Binadamu 2023. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin|30em}} * Clark, John F., ''The African Stakes of the Congo War'', 2004. * {{cite book| last=Devlin| first=Larry| authorlink=Larry Devlin| title=Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67| url=https://archive.org/details/chiefofstationco0000devl| publisher=PublicAffairs| location=New York| year=2007| isbn=978-1-58648-405-7}}. * Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark, ''The Wild Highway'', 2005. * Edgerton, Robert, ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' St. Martin's Press, December 2002. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://eeecon.uibk.ac.at/wopec2/repec/inn/wpaper/2007-31.pdf ''The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo''], Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31, University Innsbruck 2007. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf ''Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf |date=20110901165807 }}, Paper to be presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences", Utrecht 3–4 December 2010. * Gondola, Ch. Didier, "The History of Congo", Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. * Joris, Lieve, translated by Waters, Liz, ''The Rebels' Hour'', Atlantic, 2008. * Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard; Ehrhart, Hans Georg. Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2008. (In German) ISBN 978-3-17-020781-3. * [[Barbara Kingsolver|Kingsolver, Barbara]]. ''[[The Poisonwood Bible]]'' HarperCollins, 1998. * Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005. ''Borders, nationalism and the African state''. Boulder, Colorado and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. * Lemarchand, Reni and Hamilton, Lee; ''Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.'' Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994. * Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008. ISBN 1-59691-345-2. * [[Linda Melvern|Melvern, Linda]], ''Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community''. Verso, 2004. * Miller, Eric: "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma", 2010. ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp.&nbsp;147 – 205, ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2; Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent'', First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9. * Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges, ''The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History'', 2002. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''Congo Journey'', 1996. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo'', 1998. * Prunier, Gérard, ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe'', 2011 (also published as ''From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa''). * Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo. ''The Congo: Plunder and Resistance'', 2007. ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4. * Reyntjens, Filip, ''The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 '', 2009. * Rorison, Sean, ''Bradt Travel Guide: Congo&nbsp; — Democratic Republic/Republic'', 2008. * Schulz, Manfred. ''Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur'', Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German) ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1. * Stearns, Jason: ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'', Public Affairs, 2011. * Tayler, Jeffrey, ''Facing the Congo'', 2001. * Turner, Thomas, ''The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality'', 2007. * [[David Van Reybrouck|Van Reybrouck]], David, ''Congo: The Epic History of a People'', 2014 * Wrong, Michela, ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo''. {{refend}} * Osman, Mohamed Omer Guudle(November,2011) Africa: A rich Continent where poorest people live, The Case of DR Congo and the exploitation of the World Market == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |date=20150402133833 }} from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|cg|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm |date=20080727023932 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Congo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the}} * {{Wikiatlas|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues] * {{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources |publisher=Stanford University |location=USA |editor=Karen Fung |accessdate=2015-09-12 |archivedate=2014-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004102743/http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html }} {{Hoja Kuhusu Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] csfs2312ai0b5ymn51nsp4gdkenxsr7 1550404 1550315 2026-05-25T18:02:50Z Gayle157 73366 Tengua pitio [[Special:Diff/1550315|1550315]] lililoandikwa na [[Special:Contributions/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[User talk:InternetArchiveBot|Majadiliano]]) 1550404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|JKK|nchi jirani|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | jina_asili = République démocratique du Congo (Kifaransa) | bendera = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Justice – Paix – Travail" (Haki – Amani – Kazi) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Debout Congolais" (Simameni Wakongo) </br>[[File:Debout Congolais.ogg]] | ramani = COD orthographic.svg | ramani2 =Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la JKK katika dunia | maelezo_ramani2 = JKK katika [[Afrika]] | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Kinshasa]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] <ref>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |access-date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | lugha2 = [[Kiswahili]], [[Lingala]], [[Tshiluba]], [[Kikongo]] <ref name="UNDRC">{{cite web |title=Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CD/languages |website=Ethnologue |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_dini = 2024 <ref name="United States Department of State 2022"/> | dini = {{Plainlist| *95.4% [[Ukristo]] *2.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.5% [[Uislamu]] *0.5% others / none }} | uraia = ''Mkongo'' </br> ''Wakongo'' | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Félix Tshisekedi]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = [[Judith Suminwa]] | bunge = Bunge la Kitaifa (Seneti na Bunge la Taifa) | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]''' | tukio1 = [[Dola Huru la Kongo]] | tukio1_tarehe = 1895 - 1908 | tukio2 = Uhuru | tukio2_tarehe = 30 Juni 1960 <ref name="cia.gov"/> | eneo_jumla = 2,345,409 | maji = 3.32% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 124,388,160 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-population/|title=DR Congo Population (2025)|website=Worldometer|access-date=30 April 2024|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175204/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/democratic-republic-congo-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 48 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $200.76 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,881 <ref name="auto"/> | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = {{increase}} $79.120 bilioni <ref name="auto"/> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $742 <ref name="auto"/> | hdi = {{Ongezeko}} 0.522 <ref name="UNHDR"/> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 171 | gini = 42.1 <ref name=gini/> | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Faranga ya Kongo]] (CDF) | majira_saa = +1 hadi UTC+2 (WAT na CAT) | tld = .cd | msimbo_simu = 243 }} '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' ([[kifupi]]: JKK; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République démocratique du Congo''; pia '''Kongo-Kinshasa''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], inayopakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kaskazini, [[Sudan Kusini]] kaskazini-mashariki, [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] mashariki, [[Tanzania]] kusini-mashariki, [[Zambia]] kusini, na [[Angola]] kusini-magharibi. Mnamo 2024, Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 110, na kuwa nchi ya 15 kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idadi ya Watu nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Benki Kuu ya Dunia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CD |website=www.data.worldbank.org|accessdate=2025-08-28|lang=en}}</ref> [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi ni [[Kinshasa]], ambalo pia ni [[mji mkuu]]. JKK imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] 26 na [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] kwa eneo na ina [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[rasilmali]] za [[asili]], hasa [[madini]] kama vile [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. Licha ya utajiri huo, IKK kwa muda mrefu imekumbwa na hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] isiyo thabiti, migogoro, na maendeleo duni. Sehemu kubwa ya matatizo hayO yanatokana na [[historia]] ya [[ukoloni]] chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ubelgiji]], uliomalizika [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na kufuatiwa na [[Mwongo|miongo]] kadhaa ya [[uongozi]] wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], hasa chini ya [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Tangu mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]], nchi imepitia mfululizo wa migogoro, ikiwemo [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo|Vita vya Kwanza]] (1996-1997) na [[vita vya Pili vya Kongo|vya Pili vya Kongo]] (1998-2003), ambavyo vilihusisha nchi jirani kadhaa na kusababisha janga lililoathiri mamilioni ya watu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.warchild.org.uk/history-democratic-republic-congo-drc|publisher=Warchild|website=6 www.warchild.org.uk|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Democratic Republic of Congo: Colonialism , Civil War and Conflict|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/History|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> [[Mto Kongo]], ambao ni [[mto]] wa pili kwa [[urefu]] barani [[Afrika]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congo River|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-River|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-06}}</ref>, unapita katikati ya nchi na ni njia muhimu ya usafirishaji, inayosaidia [[biashara]] na jamii za wenyeji. JKK ina [[Msitu|misitu]] mikubwa ya [[mvua]], ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Bonde]] la Kongo, ambalo ni msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa wa mvua wa [[Tropiki|kitropiki]] duniani baada ya [[msitu wa Amazon]]. Mifumo hiyo ya [[ekolojia]] ni muhimu sana duniani kwa utofauti wa viumbe na udhibiti wa [[hali ya hewa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Introduction to the General Geography of the DRC|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-41065-9_1|website=www.springer.com|access-date=2026-04-05}}</ref> Aina mbalimbali za [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nchini zinaonekana kupitia zaidi ya [[Kabila|makabila]] 200 na [[lugha]] nyingi, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Licha ya changamoto hizo, JKK inaendelea na juhudi za kuleta utulivu wa kisiasa, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na uhifadhi wa mazingira. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inaendeshwa kama [[Serikali ya Kirais|jamhuri ya nusu-urais]] yenye mfumo wa kisiasa unaotegemea Katiba iliyopitishwa mwaka 2006 baada ya kipindi cha mpito kilichofuata [[Vita vya Pili vya Kongo]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-congo/Government-and-society |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: Government and Society |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Rais hutumika kama mkuu wa nchi na kamanda mkuu wa majeshi ya ulinzi, huku [[Waziri Mkuu]] akiwa mkuu wa serikali. Mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yapo chini ya Bunge la mabunge mawili linalojumuisha [[Bunge la Kitaifa]] na [[Seneti]]. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC), na [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS). <ref name="AU_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/democratic_republic_congo |title=Member State Profile: Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=au.int |publisher=African Union |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kiuchumi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inategemea sana uchimbaji [[madini]], huku nchi hiyo ikiwa na baadhi ya akiba kubwa zaidi duniani ya kobalti pamoja na hifadhi kubwa za [[shaba]], [[almasi]], lithiamu, na madini mengine ya kimkakati muhimu kwa sekta za teknolojia na nishati duniani. <ref name="WorldBank_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview |title=The World Bank in DRC: Overview |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kilimo]] pia kinaajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi, huku mazao kama muhogo, mahindi, ndizi za kupika, kahawa, na mafuta ya mawese yakizalishwa katika maeneo mbalimbali. Changamoto za [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa usalama katika majimbo ya mashariki, na maendeleo madogo ya viwanda zinaendelea kuathiri ukuaji wa uchumi, ingawa nchi hiyo bado ina umuhimu mkubwa wa kimkakati kutokana na maliasili zake, uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji, na nafasi yake ya kati ndani ya Afrika. <ref name="WFB_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#economy |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> == Jina == Jina ''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo'' linaakisi mfumo wa kisiasa wa nchi hiyo pamoja na utambulisho wake wa kijiografia katika eneo la Kongo la [[Afrika ya Kati]]. <ref name="Britannica_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |website=Britannica |date=May 12, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Neno ''Kongo'' linatokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]], dola yenye nguvu ya kabla ya ukoloni iliyokuwepo kando ya [[Mto Kongo]] wa chini na iliyochangia sana historia ya awali ya eneo hilo. <ref name="UNESCO_Kongo">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/102/ |title=Mbanza Kongo, Mabaki ya Mji Mkuu wa Ufalme wa zamani wa Kongo |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hii mara nyingi hufupishwa kama ''DRC'' na pia hujulikana kama ''Kongo-Kinshasa'' ili kuitofautisha na nchi jirani ya magharibi, [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] (Kongo-Brazzaville). <ref name="BBC_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |title=Wasifu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Jina la sasa lilipitishwa rasmi mwaka 1997 baada ya kuanguka kwa utawala wa Mobutu, likichukua nafasi ya jina la awali ''Zaire'', lililotumika kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997. <ref name="WFB_DRC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/#government |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo - World Factbook: Background |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> == Jiografia == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni nchi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa eneo barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na takribani kilomita za mraba 2,345,409. Iko katika [[Afrika ya Kati]] na inapakana na nchi tisa: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], na [[Angola]]. Pia ina ukanda mwembamba wa pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], unaotoa njia ndogo ya kuingia baharini. ===Topografia na mandhari=== [[File:Congo Kinshasa Topography.png|thumb|200px|Topografia ya Kongo-Kinshasa]] JKK ina mandhari mbalimbali na tata ikijumuisha: * '''Bonde la Mto Kongo''': Katikati ya nchi kuna Bonde la Kongo, eneo kubwa la chini lililofunikwa na msitu mnene wa mvua wa kitropiki na linalopitiwa na **Mto Kongo**, mto wa pili kwa urefu Afrika. Bonde hili lina msitu wa pili kwa ukubwa duniani baada ya Amazon. * '''Uwanda wa Kati''': Unaouzunguka bonde kuna uwanda wa juu wenye urefu wa kati ya mita 500 hadi 1,000. Eneo hili hubadilika kutoka msitu hadi savana. * '''Milima''': Mashariki, ardhi inapanda kwa kasi na kutengeneza [[Milima ya Bonde la Ufa la Albertine]], sehemu ya tawi la magharibi la Mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Sehemu hii ina [[Mlima Stanley]], mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ukiwa na urefu wa mita 5,109 (futi 16,763), ulioko kwenye [[Milima ya Rwenzori]] mpakani na Uganda. * '''Eneo la Maziwa Makuu''': Mashariki mwa DRC inapakana na baadhi ya maziwa makuu ya Afrika kama vile [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], [[Ziwa Kivu]], [[Ziwa Edward]], na [[Ziwa Albert]]. Maziwa haya yako katika bonde la ufa na huchangia katika shughuli za volkeno na mitetemeko ya ardhi. ===Maji na Mifumo ya Mito=== [[File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg|thumb|200px|Mito nchini JKK]] Mto Kongo ndiyo njia kuu ya maji nchini. Unapita katikati ya JKK kwa mduara mkubwa na unavukika katika baadhi ya sehemu, hivyo kuwa njia muhimu ya usafiri. Mito mikuu inayotoa maji katika Mto Kongo ni pamoja na [[Mto Ubangi]], [[Mto Kasai]], na [[Mto Lualaba]]. Mfumo huu wa mito una viumbe wengi wa majini na uwezo mkubwa wa kuzalisha umeme wa maji. Nchi pia ina maeneo mengi ya mabwawa, vinamasi, na njia za ndani za maji, na kuifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye maji mengi zaidi Afrika. ===Hali ya Hewa=== JKK ina hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini hali hubadilika kulingana na maeneo: * ''Hali ya hewa ya Ikweta'': Eneo la kati lina joto na unyevunyevu mwingi na mvua nyingi mwaka mzima. * ''Hali ya hewa ya mvua na kiangazi'': Kaskazini na kusini kuna misimu ya mvua na kiangazi. * ''Hali ya hewa ya milimani'': Nyanda za juu mashariki zina joto la chini na hali tofauti kutokana na mwinuko mkubwa. Mvua ya kila mwaka inaweza kuzidi milimita 2,000 katika maeneo ya misitu, huku savana ikiwa na mvua chache zaidi. ===Rasilimali asilia na bioanuwai === JKK ina utajiri mkubwa wa [[rasilimali]] [[uasilia|asilia]] kama vile [[shaba]], [[kobalti]], [[almasi]], [[dhahabu]], na [[koltani]]. [[Msitu|Misitu]] ya nchi hii ni makazi ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] mbalimbali kama [[bonobo]], [[okapi]], [[sokwe]], na [[tembo]]. Maeneo kadhaa yamelindwa kama mbuga za [[mnyama|wanyama]], zikiwemo za [[hifadhi ya Virunga|Virunga]] na [[Salonga]], ambazo ni maeneo ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]]. ===Changamoto za mazingira=== Licha ya utajiri wa kiekolojia, JKK inakumbwa na changamoto nyingi za mazingira: * Ukataji miti ovyo * Uchimbaji haramu wa madini * Uwindaji haramu na uharibifu wa makazi ya viumbe * Uchafuzi wa mazingira kutokana na uchimbaji * Madhara ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} ===Historia ya kale=== [[Picha:KingdomKongo1711.png|thumb|Ufalme wa Kongo mnamo mwaka 1700]] Wakazi wa kwanza huaminiwa kuwa [[wawindaji]] wa jamii ya [[Wasani]] na ya [[Wabilikimo]]. Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] walifika wahamiaji [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]]. Jina la Kongo lahusiana na [[mto Kongo]] unaopitia nchi yote. Mnamo [[karne ya 15]], wakati [[wapelelezi]] wa kwanza [[Wareno]] walipofika kwenye pwani za Afrika, [[milki]] kubwa katika nchi ya Kongo ya magharibi pamoja na [[Angola]] ya kaskazini ilikuwa [[Ufalme wa Kongo]]. Wakati wa uenezaji mkuu ufalme huu ulianza kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Atlantiki na kuendelea hadi [[mto Kwango]] kwenye mashariki, halafu maeneo kutoka [[Pointe-Noire]] (leo: [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], upande wa kaskazini ya [[Cabinda]]) upande wa kaskazini hadi [[mto Loje]] (leo: mji wa [[Ambriz]]) katika kusini. Mtawala alikuwa na [[cheo]] cha [[Manikongo]] na ufalme uligawiwa kwa majimbo sita. Baada ya kufika kwa Wareno wafalme na matabaka ya juu walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Ufalme uliporomoka kutokana na vita vilivyosababishwa na [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kuingilia kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] ya [[watumwa]] katika [[siasa]] ya ndani. Hata hivyo, [[nasaba]] za watawala waliotumia cheo cha "Awenekongo" waliendelea kukaa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa kale M'banza-Kongo (iliyobadilishwa jina kuitwa San Salvador) hadi mwaka [[1914]] ambako Wareno walifuta mabaki ya [[uhuru]] na kufanya eneo lililobaki sehemu kamili ya koloni lao la Angola. Upande wa Mashariki, [[Washi]] walikuwa na ufalme wenye nguvu katika [[karne ya 17]] hadi [[karne ya 19]], chini ya Mwami Kabare. Baadaye, ufalme huo uligawanyika katika madola madogo kama: Kabare, Walungu, Mwenga na Kalehe. Upande wa [[kusini]], kuanzia karne ya 17, kulikuwa na [[ufalme]] ulioitwa [[Dola la Kazembe]]. === Koloni binafsi la mfalme kuwa koloni la Ubelgiji === [[Picha:MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Picha za watoto waliokatwa mikono kama [[adhabu]] chini ya Leopold II zilienea na kusababisha madai ya kumwondolea utawala wa Kongo.]] Nchi jinsi ilivyo ilianzishwa kama [[Dola huru la Kongo]] likiwa [[mali]] binafsi ya [[mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]]. [[Historia]] yake ni ya [[aibu]] na ya [[ukatili]] kupindukia. Utawala wa mfalme ulionekana kuwa wa kinyama na upinzani dhidi yake ulikua katika nchi nyingi za dunia. Hatimaye alipaswa kukabidhi koloni lake binafsi mikononi mwa serikali ya Ubelgiji iliyomlipa [[fidia]] kwa mali aliyoacha. Kati ya mwaka [[1908]] hadi [[1960]] ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ubelgiji]] kwa jina la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] baada ya kuhamishiwa mikononi mwa [[serikali]] ya Ubelgiji. Katika miaka [[1925]] hadi [[1946]] maeneo ya [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]] yalitawaliwa kama sehemu za Kongo ya Kibelgiji. === Siasa ya wakoloni === Wabelgiji walijitahidi kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wenyeji baada ya miaka mibaya ya Leopold II. Nia ilichelewa kuonekana hali halisi kwa sababu utaratibu wa kulazimisha Waafrika kufanyia kazi kampuni na shirika kubwa iliendelea hata bila [[idhini]] ya serikali mpya ukadai vifo vingi. Kwenye uwanja wa [[elimu]], [[matibabu]] na [[mawasiliano]] [[jitihada]] za siasa mpya zilionekana zaidi. Kongo ilikuwa kati ya nchi chache ambako lugha za kienyeji zilifundishwa [[Shule|shuleni]] kwa sababu shule nyingi ziliendshwa na [[wamisionari]]. Kwa upande mwingine [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] uliwaruhusu Waafrika wachache sana kufikia ngazi za juu za elimu. Makampuni makubwa ya [[mgodi|migodi]] kama vile "Société Générale" na "Union Minière du Haut Katanga" yalichimba [[madini]] hasa katika jimbo la [[Katanga]]. Makampuni hayo yalikuwa na athira kubwa. Katanga ilikuwa maarufu kwa [[shaba]] iliyochimbwa huko. halafu pia kwa [[uranium]] iliyotumiwa kwa [[bomu la kinyuklia|mabomu ya kwanza ya kinyuklia]] ya [[Marekani]] mwaka [[1945]]. === Upinzani === Baada ya [[unyama]] wa miaka ya Leopold II upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulikuwa hafifu. Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1920]] Wakongo wengi walionyesha upinzani huo katika mahudhurio katika madhehebu mapya ya wafuasi wa [[Simon Kimbangu]] yaliyopigwa marufuku na Wabelgiji kuanzia mwaka [[1926]]. Tangu mwaka [[1950]] upinzani uliongezeka na kuonyesha pia uso wa kisiasa. Wabelgiji ambao hawakujiandaa kwa madai hayo yalipaswa kukubali [[uchaguzi]] wa halmashauri za vijiji na miji mwaka [[1957]]. Mwaka [[1958]] vyama vya kisiasa vilikubaliwa. [[Harakati]] mbili muhimu kati ya hivi zilikuwa Abako (Alliance de Bakongo) chini ya [[Joseph Kasavubu]] na MNC (Mouvement National Congolais) chini ya [[Patrice Lumumba]]. Mwaka [[1959]] mkutano wa wanasiasa Wakongo ulidai [[uhuru]] wa nchi. === Mwisho wa koloni na uhuru === Wabelgiji walijaribu kuchelewesha harakati hizo lakini baada ya kutambua matatizo serikali ya Ubelgiji ilitangaza mnamo Januari [[1960]] kuwa uchaguzi utaendeshwa haraka na baada ya miezi sita Wabelgiji watakabidhi nchi kwa wenyeji. [[Chama]] cha Patrice Lumumba kilishinda kwa [[kura]] nyingi naye akawa kiongozi wa kwanza wa nchi huru kama [[waziri mkuu]]. Koloni la [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]] lilipata [[uhuru]] tarehe [[30 Juni]] [[1960]]. Kati ya [[27 Oktoba]] [[1971]] na [[17 Mei]] [[1997]], chini ya utawala wa [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu]], nchi ilijulikana kwa jina la "[[Zaire]]". Leo hii ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Mikoa == {{Main|Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Image:Provinces de la République démocratique du Congo - 2005.svg|thumb|left|350px|Mikoa 25 na [[mji mkuu]] [[Kinshasa]].]] <br clear="left"/> Nchi imegawiwa katika mikoa 26 kadiri ya [[Katiba]] mpya ([[2006]]) na utekelezaji wake wa mwaka [[2015]]. {| style="background:transparent;" | <!----First column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 1. || [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kinshasa]] |- | 2. || [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati|Kongo Kati]]{{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Matadi]] |- | 3. || [[Mkoa wa Kwango|Kwango]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kenge (Kwango)|Kenge]] |- | 4. || [[Mkoa wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kikwit]] |- | 5. || [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe|Mai-Ndombe]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Inongo]] |- | 6. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï|Kasaï]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Luebo]] |- | 7. || [[Mkoa wa Lulua|Lulua]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kananga]] |- | 8. || [[Mkoa wa Kasaï Mashariki|Kasaï Mashariki]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbuji-Mayi]] |- | 9. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami|Lomami]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kabinda (Lomami)|Kabinda]] |- | 10. || [[Mkoa wa Sankuru|Sankuru]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lodja]] |- | 11. || [[Mkoa wa Maniema|Maniema]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kindu]] |- | 12. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bukavu]] |- | 13. || [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Goma]] |} | <!----Second column----> {| class="wikitable" ! !! [[Mkoa]] !!style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mji Mkuu]] |- | 14. || [[Mkoa wa Ituri|Ituri]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Bunia]] |- | 15. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu|Uele Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Isiro]] |- | 16. || [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kisangani]] |- | 17. || [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini|Uele Chini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Buta]] |- | 18. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini|Ubangi Kaskazini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gbadolite]] |- | 19. || [[Mkoa wa Mongala|Mongala]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lisala]] |- | 20. || [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini|Ubangi Kusini]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Gemena]] |- | 21. || [[Mkoa wa Équateur|Équateur]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Mbandaka]] |- | 22. || [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Boende]] |- | 23. || [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kalemie]] |- | 24. || [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu|Lomami Juu]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kamina]] |- | 25. || [[Mkoa wa Lualaba|Lualaba]] ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Kolwezi]] |- | 26. || [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu|Katanga Juu]] {{nbsp|2}} ||style="font-size:90%;"| [[Lubumbashi]] |} |} ==Demografia== [[File:Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|thumb|Piramidi ya Idadi ya watu ya DRC (JKK)]] '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (DRC), ni taifa la nne kwa ukubwa wa idadi ya watu barani [[Afrika]], likikadiria kuwa na watu takriban milioni 109.3 mwaka 2023<ref name="demografia">{{Rejea habari|title=Demografia za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=en}}</ref>Ina muundo wa kundi la vijana, ambapo takriban 46% ya watu wake wako chini ya umri wa miaka 15 na umri wa wastani ni miaka 16.5. Nchi hii ina kiwango kikubwa cha uzazi, ambapo kila mwanamke anazaa watoto wastani 6.05, na kiwango cha kuzaliwa ni 40.08 kwa watu 1,000<ref name="demografia"/>. Miaka ya kuishi unakadiriwa kuwa miaka 61.83, ambapo wanawake wanaishi zaidi (miaka 63.69) kuliko wanaume (miaka 60.03). Idadi ya watu wa DRC ni mchanganyiko wa makabila, ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250, ikiwemo [[Waluba]], [[Wamongo]], na [[Wakongo]]. Mji mkubwa na mkuu ni [[Kinshasa]] ===Kabila=== Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni miongoni mwa nchi zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[kabila|makabila]] barani [[Afrika]], ikiwa na zaidi ya makabila 250 yaliyosambaa kote katika eneo lake kubwa. Makabila makuu ni pamoja na [[Waluba]], wanaoishi hasa katika mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Kasai|Kasai]] na [[Mkoa wa Katanga|Katanga]]; [[Wakongo]], wanaopatikana kandokando ya mto Kongo wa chini; na [[Wamongo]], wanaoishi katika bonde la katikati. Kwa pamoja, makabila hayo matatu yanachangia takribani asilimia 45 ya idadi ya watu nchini. [[File:Danses et chants folkloriques des Peuples Autochtones Pygmées de la RDC.jpg|thumb|Ngoma za kiasili na nyimbo za Wabilikimo nchini.]] Makundi mengine muhimu ni pamoja na [[Mangbetu]] na [[Wazande]] kaskazini mashariki, pamoja na jamii za [[Watutsi]] na [[Wahutu]] mashariki mwa nchi, ambazo zina uhusiano wa mpakani na [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Wakongo wengi ni sehemu ya familia pana ya lugha za Bantu, ingawa kuna pia wachache wanaozungumza lugha za Kiniloti, pamoja na vikundi vidogo vya Wabilikimo wanaoishi katika misitu. Mchanganyiko huo mkubwa wa kikabila umeunda utajiri wa maisha ya kitamaduni nchini, lakini pia umekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa, hususan katika mikoa ya [[mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]]. === Lugha === [[Picha:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|300px|Maeneo ya lugha za taifa za Kongo.]] [[Kifaransa]] ni [[lugha rasmi]] ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Ilikuwa lugha ya utawala ya koloni ikaendelea kutumiwa kama lugha isiyoelekea upande wowote kati ya ma[[kabila]], [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za nchi hii.Lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]] iliyotumiwa na Wabelgiji pamoja na Kifaransa katika utawala haitumiki tena. Kwa jumla kuna takriban lugha 242, hasa [[lugha za Kibantu]], zinazozungumzwa nchini (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|orodha ya lugha]]). Kati yake, lugha 4 zinatambuliwa kama [[lugha za kitaifa]], nazo ni: [[Kikongo]] ([[Kituba]]), [[Kingala (Kongo)]], [[Kiluba]] (''Tshiluba'') na [[Kiswahili]]. Wakati wa ukoloni lugha hizo nne za kitaifa ziliwahi kutumiwa kieneo katika [[shule za msingi]].[[Kingala]] kilikuwa lugha rasmi ya [[jeshi]] la kikoloni lililoitwa "[[Force Publique]]" chini ya utawala wa Ubelgiji likaendelea kuwa lugha ya jeshi la jamhuri baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu [[mapinduzi]] ya [[1997]] sehemu za jeshi, hasa [[mashariki]], hutumia pia Kiswahili.Takriban 47% wanatumia Kifaransa kama [[lugha ya kwanza]] au [[lugha ya pili]]. === Dini === [[File:Kisantu kathedraal 2.JPG|thumb|Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Cathedral, Kisantu]] {{Chati ya duara | caption= | label1 = [[Ukristo]] | value1 = 95.4 | color1= green | label2 = [[Dini za jadi]] | value2 = 2.6 | color2= red | label3 = [[Uislamu]] | value3 = 1.5 | color3= pink | label4 = Dini nyingine | value4 = 0.5 | color4= yellow }} Asilimia 95 ya watu katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni [[Wakristo]], huku [[Kanisa Katoliki]] likiwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kihistoria na kijamii nchini. Asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni [[Wakatoliki]], na 48.1% ni [[Waprotestanti]], wakiwemo wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama vile [[Wapentekoste]], [[Baptisti|Wabaptisti]] na [[Waanglikana]]. [[Uislamu]] unafuata kwa karibu 2% ya watu, na wafuasi wake wengi wanapatikana katika [[mkoa wa Maniema]] na maeneo ya mijini. Aidha, kuna idadi ndogo ya watu wanaofuata [[dini za jadi]] [[dini asilia za Kiafrika|za Kiafrika]] pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] wachache na [[Uhindu|Wahindu]]<ref name="dini">{{Cite Web|title=Dini katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|website=www.state.gov|accessdate=2025-08-26|lang=sw|publisher=US Department of State}}</ref>. ===Miji Mikubwa=== {{Miji mikubwa | nchi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | stat_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=13 April 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511000300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://populationstat.com/africa/ |title=Africa Population (2022) |website=populationstat.com |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719032905/https://populationstat.com/africa/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | div_name = Mkoa | city_1 = Kinshasa | div_1 = Kinshasa | pop_1 = 15,628,000 | city_2 = Mbuji-Mayi | div_2 = Kasai Mashariki | pop_2 = 2,765,000 | city_3 = Lubumbashi | div_3 = Haut-Katanga{{!}}Haut-Katanga | pop_3 = 2,695,000 | city_4 = Kisangani | div_4 = Tshopo | pop_4 = 1,640,000 | city_5 = Kananga | div_5 = Kasai ya Kati | pop_5 = 1,593,000 | city_6 = Mbandaka | div_6 = Équateur{{!}}Équateur | pop_6 = 1,188,000 | city_7 = Bukavu | div_7 = Kivu Kusini | pop_7 = 1,190,000 | city_8 = Tshikapa | div_8 = Kasai{{!}}Kasaï | pop_8 = 1,024,000 | city_9 = Bunia | div_9 = Ituri{{!}}Ituri | pop_9 = 768,000 | city_10 = Goma | div_10 = Kivu Kaskazini | pop_10 = 707,000 }} === Afya=== [[File:SECRETARY-GENERAL’S VISIT TO THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (48710365336).jpg|thumb|200px|Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Antonio Guterres akitembelea kituo cha matibabu cha Ebola cha Mangina]] [[Afya]] nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) inakabiliwa na udhaifu mkubwa wa mfumo wa huduma za [[afya]], hali inayozuia wananchi kufikia kiwango cha [[huduma]] bora. Ingawa baadhi ya maendeleo yameonekana, kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha vifo vya mama wa kujifungua kutoka vifo 934 kwa kila vizazi 100,000 mwaka 2000 hadi 427 mwaka 2023, changamoto kubwa bado zipo. Vifo vya watoto chini ya miaka mitano viko juu, vikiwa watoto 73 kwa kila vizazi 1000 hai mwaka 2022, na kiwango cha vifo vya watoto wachanga kilikuwa 45 kwa kila vizazi 1,000. Lishe duni inakabili takriban asilimia 69 ya watoto, huku asilimia 43 ya watoto wakiwa na udumavu<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Is stunting in children under five associated with the state of vegetation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?|publisher=National Institute of Health|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9937978/|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|lang=en}}</ref>. Malaria huchangia kwa kiasi kikubwa vifo vya watoto, na JKK (DRC) ikiwa nafasi ya pili duniani kwa idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa. Migogoro ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], upungufu wa [[miundombinu]] ya [[afya]], na ufadhili mdogo vinaendelea kuathiri vibaya hali ya afya ya wananchi. == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa ukuaji wa haraka na changamoto kubwa za [[jamii|kijamii]]. Mwaka 2023, [[uchumi]] wa taifa hili ulikua kwa asilimia 8.6, ukiendeshwa hasa na sekta ya [[madini]] ila ulikuwa kwa asilimia 6.7 2024<ref name="uchumi">{{Rejea habari|title=Takwimu za Uchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|publisher=Data Commons|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/COD?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource,GrossDomesticProduction&hl=en|access-date=2025-09-01|website=datacommons.org|lang=en}}</ref>. [[Pato la Taifa]] kwa kila raia lilifikia takriban dola bilioni 70.75<ref name="uchumi"/>, huku takriban asilimia 73.5 ya wananchi wakiishi kwa chini ya dola 2.15 kwa siku<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Economic Overview of DRC|publisher=World Bank|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc/overview|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.worldbank.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Sekta ya madini inachangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya [[maduhuli|mauzo ya nje]], na bidhaa kuu ni [[shaba]] na [[kobalti]], huku kilimo kikiingiza takriban asilimia 17.4 ya [[Pato la Taifa]] na kuajiri asilimia 55.1 ya nguvu kazi. ===Sekta ya Madini=== '''Sekta ya madini''' ndiyo nguzo kuu ya uchumi wa JKK (DRC), ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 80 ya mapato ya kigeni. Taifa hili ndilo mzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kobalti]] duniani, likichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya uzalishaji wa kimataifa<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Rampant cobalt smuggling and corruption deny billions to DRC|publisher=issafrica|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/rampant-cobalt-smuggling-and-corruption-deny-billions-to-drc|access-date=2025-09-01|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref>. Vilevile, DRC ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[shaba]], [[dhahabu]], [[almasi]], ''tin'', ''tungsten'', na ''tantalum''. Uchimbaji unafanyika kwa njia za viwandani, kati, na za kijadi, ingawa hizi za kijadi zinakabiliwa na changamoto za usalama, utawala duni, na utumiaji wa watoto katika kazi za madini. ===Kilimo na Miundombinu=== [[Kilimo]] ni sekta muhimu katika uchumi wa DRC, ingawa kinakabiliwa na changamoto za miundombinu duni na usalama. Uzalishaji wa [[chakula]] unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu, na upatikanaji wa [[chakula]] bora ni mdogo, hasa katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa na migogoro. Kwa jumla, ingawa JKK (DRC) ina rasilimali nyingi, changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[usalama|kiusalama]], na ukosefu wa [[miundombinu]] vinapunguza uwezo wa wananchi kufaidika kikamilifu na ukuaji wa uchumi. == Siasa na Utawala== [[File:Tshisekedi (46615782065) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Rais wa DRC]] [[Serikali]] ya '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' (JKK) inajumuisha mfumo wa utawala wa [[rais]], ambapo Rais ndiye Mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Rais]] anachaguliwa kwa njia ya kura ya moja kwa moja kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano, na anateua [[Waziri Mkuu]] ambaye ni kiongozi wa [[serikali]] na anawajibika kwa [[Bunge]]. Bunge la JKK (DRC) ni la mabunge mawili: [[Bunge la Taifa]] lenye viti 500 na [[Seneti]] yenye viti 108. Bunge la Taifa linachaguliwa moja kwa moja, wakati Seneti inachaguliwa na mabunge ya mikoa. Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya 2006, Rais anapaswa kugawana madaraka na [[Waziri Mkuu]] kutoka chama kikuu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]] kilichoshinda uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, katika utekelezaji, [[Rais]] mara nyingi amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi kuliko [[Waziri Mkuu]], na hii imekuwa chanzo cha mvutano wa kisiasa. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Desemba 2023, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 73.47 ya kura, akimshinda mpinzani wake mkuu [[Moïse Katumbi]] aliyepata asilimia 18.32. Chama cha Rais, UDPS, kilishinda viti 454 katika Bunge la Taifa na viti 95 katika Seneti, na kuunda muungano wa kisiasa uitwao ''Umoja Takatifu wa Taifa'' (USN). Muungano huu unajumuisha vyama 24 na umeimarisha ushawishi wa [[Rais]] katika [[siasa]] za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, ushindi huu haukukubalika na baadhi ya wapinzani, na kulikuwa na malalamiko kuhusu uhalali wa uchaguzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupanuliwa kwa muda wa kupiga kura kinyume cha sheria. Hali ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] nchini JKK (DRC) inakumbwa na changamoto kubwa za [[usalama|kiusalama]] na utawala. Katika mashariki mwa nchi, mapigano kati ya vikosi vya serikali na makundi ya waasi, kama vile [[M23]], yameendelea kusababisha machafuko na uhamaji mkubwa wa watu. Hata baada ya kutiwa saini kwa makubaliano ya amani kati ya DRC na Rwanda mnamo Juni 2025, mapigano yameendelea, na makundi ya waasi kama M23 hayakushirikishwa katika makubaliano hayo. Hali hii inaonyesha udhaifu wa [[serikali]] katika kudhibiti maeneo mengi ya nchi na kutekeleza makubaliano ya amani. Aidha, rushwa ni tatizo kubwa katika utawala wa JKK (DRC), na nchi imekuwa ikishika nafasi za chini katika viwango vya udhibiti wa rushwa duniani. Hali hii inachangia katika kudhoofisha taasisi za serikali na kuzuia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. == Elimu == [[File:DRC classroom.jpg|thumb|Darasa nchini Kongo,JKK]] [[Elimu]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo imepitia mabadiliko kutoka kwa mila za kabla ya ukoloni, utawala wa kikoloni, hadi mageuzi ya baada ya uhuru, ikionyesha [[historia]] na maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ya nchi hiyo. Kabla ya [[ukoloni]], [[elimu]] ilikuwa ya jadi na isiyo rasmi, ikitegemea mila za mdomo, mafunzo ya [[jamii|kijamii]], na ujuzi wa vitendo kama [[kilimo]], ufundi, na majukumu ya kijamii. Wakati wa utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ubelgiji]] (mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] hadi 1960), elimu rasmi ilianzishwa hasa kupitia shule za [[wamisionari]] wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]], zikilenga kusoma na kuandika, mafundisho ya dini, na mafunzo ya ufundi. Upatikanaji wa [[elimu]] ya juu kwa Wakongo ulikuwa mdogo sana, na mfumo huo uliundwa zaidi kuhudumia mahitaji ya utawala wa kikoloni kuliko kukuza maendeleo mapana ya kielimu. Baada ya kupata uhuru mwaka 1960, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo#Serikali na Utawala|Serikali ya Kongo]] ilijitahidi kupanua na kufanya [[elimu]] iwe ya kitaifa, ili iweze kufikiwa na watu wengi na kuendana na utambulisho wa taifa pamoja na malengo ya maendeleo. Mageuzi yalileta ngazi zilizopangwa za elimu ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya [[chuo kikuu|juu]], huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha kuu ya kufunzia. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa utulivu wa [[siasa|kisiasa]], changamoto za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na vipindi vya migogoro vilizuia maendeleo endelevu. Juhudi zilifanywa kuendeleza lugha za kitaifa katika elimu ya awali na kuanzisha vyuo vikuu na taasisi za kiufundi, ingawa tofauti kati ya maeneo na makundi ya [[jamii|kijamii]] ziliendelea kuwepo. Katika kipindi cha sasa, mfumo wa [[elimu]] unajumuisha miaka sita ya elimu ya msingi, ikifuatiwa na elimu ya sekondari na ya juu, ikiwemo [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] na taasisi maalumu. [[Serikali]] imeanzisha sera kama elimu ya msingi bila malipo ili kuongeza idadi ya wanafunzi wanaojiunga na shule, lakini changamoto bado zipo, zikiwemo madarasa yenye msongamano mkubwa, uhaba wa [[miundombinu]], ukosefu wa [[mwalimu|walimu]] wenye mafunzo ya kutosha, na athari za migogoro inayoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo. Licha ya changamoto hizi, elimu bado inaonekana kuwa nguzo muhimu ya maendeleo ya taifa, huku mageuzi yanayoendelea na msaada wa kimataifa yakilenga kuboresha upatikanaji, ubora, na usawa katika nchi nzima. == Watu Mashuhuri== * 1. [[Patrice Lumumba]] – Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa DRC na shujaa wa ukombozi wa taifa, aliuawa mwaka 1961. *2. [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] – Rais wa DRC kutoka 1965 hadi 1997, aliyeongoza kwa mtindo wa kiimla na kubadili jina la nchi kuwa Zaire. *3. [[Koffi Olomide]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1956. * 4. [[Fally Ipupa]] – Mwanamuziki wa kisasa maarufu wa rumba na soukous, alizaliwa mwaka 1977. * 5. [[Joseph Kabila]] – Rais wa nne wa DRC (2001–2019), alichukua madaraka baada ya kuuawa kwa baba yake Laurent-Désiré Kabila. * 6. [[Franco Luambo]] – Mwanamuziki maarufu na kiongozi wa bendi ya TPOK Jazz, aliyeathiri muziki wa DRC na Afrika kwa ujumla. * 7. [[Dikembe Mutombo]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu aliyejulikana kimataifa, alizaliwa mwaka 1966. * 8. [[Serge Ibaka]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa DRC anayejulikana duniani, alizaliwa mwaka 1989. * 9. [[Julienne Lusenge]] – Mtetezi wa haki za wanawake na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Haki za Binadamu 2023. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Bibliografia== {{refbegin|30em}} * Clark, John F., ''The African Stakes of the Congo War'', 2004. * {{cite book| last=Devlin| first=Larry| authorlink=Larry Devlin| title=Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67| url=https://archive.org/details/chiefofstationco0000devl| publisher=PublicAffairs| location=New York| year=2007| isbn=978-1-58648-405-7}}. * Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark, ''The Wild Highway'', 2005. * Edgerton, Robert, ''The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' St. Martin's Press, December 2002. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://eeecon.uibk.ac.at/wopec2/repec/inn/wpaper/2007-31.pdf ''The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo''], Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31, University Innsbruck 2007. * Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon. [http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf ''Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Lists/Events/Attachments/6/Paper.ExenbergerHartmann.pdf |date=20110901165807 }}, Paper to be presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences", Utrecht 3–4 December 2010. * Gondola, Ch. Didier, "The History of Congo", Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. * Joris, Lieve, translated by Waters, Liz, ''The Rebels' Hour'', Atlantic, 2008. * Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard; Ehrhart, Hans Georg. Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2008. (In German) ISBN 978-3-17-020781-3. * [[Barbara Kingsolver|Kingsolver, Barbara]]. ''[[The Poisonwood Bible]]'' HarperCollins, 1998. * Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005. ''Borders, nationalism and the African state''. Boulder, Colorado and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. * Lemarchand, Reni and Hamilton, Lee; ''Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.'' Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994. * Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008. ISBN 1-59691-345-2. * [[Linda Melvern|Melvern, Linda]], ''Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community''. Verso, 2004. * Miller, Eric: "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma", 2010. ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp.&nbsp;147 – 205, ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2; Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent'', First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9. * Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges, ''The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History'', 2002. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''Congo Journey'', 1996. * O'Hanlon, Redmond, ''No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo'', 1998. * Prunier, Gérard, ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe'', 2011 (also published as ''From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa''). * Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo. ''The Congo: Plunder and Resistance'', 2007. ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4. * Reyntjens, Filip, ''The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 '', 2009. * Rorison, Sean, ''Bradt Travel Guide: Congo&nbsp; — Democratic Republic/Republic'', 2008. * Schulz, Manfred. ''Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur'', Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German) ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1. * Stearns, Jason: ''Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa'', Public Affairs, 2011. * Tayler, Jeffrey, ''Facing the Congo'', 2001. * Turner, Thomas, ''The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality'', 2007. * [[David Van Reybrouck|Van Reybrouck]], David, ''Congo: The Epic History of a People'', 2014 * Wrong, Michela, ''In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo''. {{refend}} * Osman, Mohamed Omer Guudle(November,2011) Africa: A rich Continent where poorest people live, The Case of DR Congo and the exploitation of the World Market == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023504/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/congo-democratic-republic-of-the.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13283212 |date=20150402133833 }} from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|cg|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/DRCongo.htm |date=20080727023932 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Congo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the}} * {{Wikiatlas|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} * [http://www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues] * {{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources |publisher=Stanford University |location=USA |editor=Karen Fung |accessdate=2015-09-12 |archivedate=2014-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004102743/http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html }} {{Hoja Kuhusu Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 8smczj4uxzoov18ozyuni9k1kas64rw 0 14748 1550577 1400845 2026-05-26T04:16:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uislamu}} '''Idd el Hajj''' (pia: '''Idi el Haji''', '''Eid el Hajj''') ni [[sikukuu]] ya [[Uislamu]] wakati wa [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] ambao ni mwezi wa [[Hajj]]. [[Sherehe]] hii inatunza [[kumbukumbu]] ya [[sadaka]] ya [[Ibrahimu]]. Eid al-Adha Inaangukia tarehe 10 Dhu al-Hijja, mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho wa kalenda ya Kiislamu. Sherehe na maadhimisho kwa ujumla huendelezwa kwa siku tatu zifuatazo, zinazojulikana kama siku za Tashriiq<ref>{{cite news |last=Kadi |first=Samar |date=25 September 2015 |title=Eid al-Adha celebrated differently by Druze, Alawites |url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 |newspaper=[[The Arab Weekly]] |location=London |accessdate=1 August 2016 |archivedate=2017-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212174418/http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 }}</ref>. Eid al-Adha pia wakati mwingine huitwa Eid II au Idd Kubwa. Kama ilivyo kwa Eid al-Fitr, sala ya Eid inasaliwa asubuhi ya Eid al-Adha, baada ya hapo udhiyah, au dhabihu ya kiibada ya kondoo, inaweza kufanywa. Katika mapokeo ya Kiislamu, inaheshimu utayari wa Ibrahimu kumtoa mwanawe kama tendo la utii kwa amri ya Mungu. Kutegemeana na simulizi, ama Ishmaeli au Isaka wanarejelewa kwa jina la heshima Sadaka ya Mungu. Mahujaji wanaohiji kwa kawaida hufanya tawaf na saee ya Hajj siku ya Eid al-Adha, pamoja na ibada ya kumpiga mawe shetani siku ya Idi na siku zinazofuata. == Majina ya sikukuu == Kati ya Waislamu d[[u]]niani sikukuu hii hujulikana kwa [[Jina|majina]] mbalimbali ambayo hutafsiriwa pia kwa [[lugha]] mbalimbali kama vile: * Idd-al-Adhha (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''عيد الأضح''') yaani sikukuu ya sadaka * Idd-al-Qorban (kwa Kiarabu: '''عید قربان''') sikukuu ya sadaka (kwa kutumia [[neno]] tofauti ya "sadaka" katika [[Kurani]]); kwa [[Kituruki]]: Kurban Bayramı; kwa [[Kikurdi]] "Cejna Kûrbanê"; * Idd-al-Kabir (kwa Kiarabu: '''عيد الكبير''') au "sikukuu kubwa"; "Bari Eid" huko [[Uhindi]] na [[Pakistan]]; jina hili hutumiwa kwa sababu kati ya sikukuu [[mbili]] zinazoamriwa katika Kurani hii ni sikukuu kubwa zaidi. == Sadaka ya Ibrahimu == Idd husheherekewa kama kumbukumbu ya sadaka ya [[Ibrahimu]] (Abrahamu) ambaye kufuatana na taarifa za [[Biblia]] na za [[Kurani]] alikuwa tayari kumchinja mwanawe kama sadaka kwa [[Mungu]]. Lakini Mungu alimzuia asimchinje akampatia [[kondoo]] badala yake. Habari zake kati Kurani ziko sura al-Hajj aya 37, katika Biblia [[Mwanzo (Biblia)|Mwanzo]] 22. [[Picha:Eidpakistan.jpg|thumb|250px|Nyama ya sadaka ya Idd-al-Hajj hugawiwa kwa maskini nchini Pakistan]] Katika [[mapokeo]] ya Biblia huyu mwana alikuwa [[Isaka]]. Kurani haitaji jina lake lakini Waislamu walio wengi huamini aliyemaanishwa ni [[Ismaeli]], mwana wa Ibrahimu na [[Hagar]]. == Ibada zake == Sherehe huanza na [[sala]] ya idd katika [[msikiti]]. Mara nyingi hufuatwa na [[baraza]] au [[mkutano]] wa Waislamu. Katika nchi nyingi huwa na kawaida ya kutembelea pia [[Kaburi|makaburi]] ya [[marehemu]]. Kila Mwislamu mwenye uwezo hupaswa kumchinja [[mnyama]] wa sadaka siku hiyo, mara nyingi [[kondoo]], lakini kuna pia sadaka za [[mbuzi]], [[ng'ombe]] au [[ngamia]] kufuatana na uwezo na kawaida ya nchi. Sehemu ya [[nyama]] ya sadaka hizo hugawiwa kwa [[maskini]] wasio na uwezo. Nyingine hutumiwa kwa [[karamu]] ya [[familia]]. == Tarehe za Idd == Idd husheherekewa kati ya [[tarehe]] 10 hadi 13 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] wa [[kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Tarehe hali halisi hutegemea kuonekana kwa [[hilali]] au [[mwezi mwandamo]]. Hapa hutokea tofauti za kila [[mwaka]] kati ya Waislamu. Kimsingi mapokeo ya Kiislamu hudai mwezi kuonekana kwa [[macho]]. === Tofauti za makadirio kati ya Waislamu === Sehemu za Waislamu hukubali ya kwamba inawezekana kukadiria tarehe hii [[Sayansi|kisayansi]], lakini huko [[Saudia]] husisitizwa kuona kwa macho. Maadamu Saudia ni mahali pa [[miji]] mitakatifu ya [[Maka]] na [Madina]], Waislamu wengine hupenda kufuata kawaida ya kule. Zamani hapakuwa na tatizo sana kwa sababu kila nchi ilikuwa na azimio lake. Mitambo ya kisasa huonyesha [[siku]] hizi kama Waislamu wameshaanza kusheherekea nchi moja lakini nchi nyingine bado. Katika nchi mbalimbali, hasa kule ambako Waislamu walihamia juzi tu kama [[Ulaya]], kuna tarehe tofauti kandokando kama wengine hufuata matangazo ya Uturuki yanayokadiriwa kisayansi na wengine matangazo ya Saudia yanayofuata kuonekana kwa macho. Matangazo ya Saudia yamepingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu tarehe zilitangazwa ambapo hapakuwa na uwezekano kuona hilali kisayansi. === Kubadilika kwa tarehe katika kalenda ya jua === Katika [[kalenda ya Gregori]], ambayo ni [[kalenda]] ya kawaida, tarehe za Kiislamu hubadilika kila mara kwa sababu mwaka wa Kiislamu hufuata [[kalenda ya mwezi]] lakini kalenda ya kawaida hufuata jua. Kalenda ya Kiislamu ina takriban siku 11 pungufu kuliko [[kalenda ya jua]]. Kila mwaka tarehe ya Idd huweza kutokea kwa siku mbili tofauti za kalenda ya Gregori kwa sababu kawaida ya Uislamu hufuata kuonekana kwa mwezi kunakopatikana tofauti duniani. Orodha inyaofuata yaonyesha tarehe rasmi za Idd-al-Hajj kwa nchi ya [[Saudia]] jinsi ilivyotangazwa hadi [[2007]] na halmashauri kuu ya Majlis al-Qadā’ al-A‘lā . Tarehe za miaka [[2008]] na kuendelea ni tarehe zinazokadiriwa kulingana na kalenda ya Kiislamu jinsi ilivyo kawaida katika nchi kama [[Uturuki]]. Tofauti zitaendelea kutokea kulingana na maelezo hapo juu kuhusu tofauti ya makadirio na kuonekana kwa hilali * 1426 [[BH]]: [[10 Januari]] [[2006]] * 1427 BH: [[30 Desemba]] [[2006]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[31 Desemba]] [[2006]]) * 1428 BH: [[19 Desemba]] [[2007]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[20 Desemba]] [[2007]]) * 1429 BH: [[8 Desemba]] [[2008]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1430 BH: [[27 Novemba]] [[2009]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1431 BH: [[16 Novemba]] [[2010]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1432 BH: [[6 Novemba]] [[2011]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1433 BH: [[26 Oktoba]] [[2012]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1434 BH: [[15 Oktoba]] [[2013]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1435 BH: [[4 Oktoba]] [[2014]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1436 BH: [[23 Septemba]] [[2015]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1437 BH: [[11 Septemba]] [[2016]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1438 BH: [[1 Septemba]] [[2017]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1439 BH:[[21 Agosti]] [[2018]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1440 BH: [[11 Agosti]] [[2019]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1441 BH: [[31 Julai]] [[2020]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1442 BH: [[20 Julai]] [[2021]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1443 BH: [[10 Julai]] [[2022]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) == Viungo vya nje == * [http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 Background to Eid ul Adha] {{Wayback|url=http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 |date=20080211220251}} * [http://moonsighting.com/ Moonsightings for different regions or their following after some other region] {{Wayback|url=http://moonsighting.com/ |date=20110225144453 }} <!-- more current than the phys.uu.nl --> * [http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/islam/ummalqura.htm "tarehe ikikadiriwa" and ("jinsi ilivyotangazwa" dates for days of the Islamic Calendar] <!-- lists more years than monnsighting.com and does compare to the "tarehe ikikadiriwa" dates. --> {{mbegu-Islam}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] o29pl2fyu8fi9wttz1elu9rw86gz0yz 1550599 1550577 2026-05-26T05:22:04Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Nimeweka Infobox ya Sikukuu 1550599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Idd el Hajj | Jina Rasmi = عِيدُ الْأَضْحَىٰ | Aina = Ya kidini, [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Eid al-Adha, Iddi ya Kuchinja, Idd Kubwa | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] ulimwenguni kote | Umuhimu = Kukumbuka utayari wa Nabii Ibrahim kumtoa dhabihu mwanawe Ismail | Tarehe = 10 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Sala ya Eid, kuchinja wanyama, kutoa sadaka, kutembelea ndugu | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Fitr]] | Picha = Eid al adha compilation.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mkusanyiko wa picha za siku ya sikukuu ya Idd el Hajj }} '''Idd el Hajj''' (pia: '''Idi el Haji''', '''Eid el Hajj''') ni [[sikukuu]] ya [[Uislamu]] wakati wa [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] ambao ni mwezi wa [[Hajj]]. [[Sherehe]] hii inatunza [[kumbukumbu]] ya [[sadaka]] ya [[Ibrahimu]]. Eid al-Adha Inaangukia tarehe 10 Dhu al-Hijja, mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho wa kalenda ya Kiislamu. Sherehe na maadhimisho kwa ujumla huendelezwa kwa siku tatu zifuatazo, zinazojulikana kama siku za Tashriiq<ref>{{cite news |last=Kadi |first=Samar |date=25 September 2015 |title=Eid al-Adha celebrated differently by Druze, Alawites |url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 |newspaper=[[The Arab Weekly]] |location=London |accessdate=1 August 2016 |archivedate=2017-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212174418/http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 }}</ref>. Eid al-Adha pia wakati mwingine huitwa Eid II au Idd Kubwa. Kama ilivyo kwa Eid al-Fitr, sala ya Eid inasaliwa asubuhi ya Eid al-Adha, baada ya hapo udhiyah, au dhabihu ya kiibada ya kondoo, inaweza kufanywa. Katika mapokeo ya Kiislamu, inaheshimu utayari wa Ibrahimu kumtoa mwanawe kama tendo la utii kwa amri ya Mungu. Kutegemeana na simulizi, ama Ishmaeli au Isaka wanarejelewa kwa jina la heshima Sadaka ya Mungu. Mahujaji wanaohiji kwa kawaida hufanya tawaf na saee ya Hajj siku ya Eid al-Adha, pamoja na ibada ya kumpiga mawe shetani siku ya Idi na siku zinazofuata. == Majina ya sikukuu == Kati ya Waislamu d[[u]]niani sikukuu hii hujulikana kwa [[Jina|majina]] mbalimbali ambayo hutafsiriwa pia kwa [[lugha]] mbalimbali kama vile: * Idd-al-Adhha (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''عيد الأضح''') yaani sikukuu ya sadaka * Idd-al-Qorban (kwa Kiarabu: '''عید قربان''') sikukuu ya sadaka (kwa kutumia [[neno]] tofauti ya "sadaka" katika [[Kurani]]); kwa [[Kituruki]]: Kurban Bayramı; kwa [[Kikurdi]] "Cejna Kûrbanê"; * Idd-al-Kabir (kwa Kiarabu: '''عيد الكبير''') au "sikukuu kubwa"; "Bari Eid" huko [[Uhindi]] na [[Pakistan]]; jina hili hutumiwa kwa sababu kati ya sikukuu [[mbili]] zinazoamriwa katika Kurani hii ni sikukuu kubwa zaidi. == Sadaka ya Ibrahimu == Idd husheherekewa kama kumbukumbu ya sadaka ya [[Ibrahimu]] (Abrahamu) ambaye kufuatana na taarifa za [[Biblia]] na za [[Kurani]] alikuwa tayari kumchinja mwanawe kama sadaka kwa [[Mungu]]. Lakini Mungu alimzuia asimchinje akampatia [[kondoo]] badala yake. Habari zake kati Kurani ziko sura al-Hajj aya 37, katika Biblia [[Mwanzo (Biblia)|Mwanzo]] 22. [[Picha:Eidpakistan.jpg|thumb|250px|Nyama ya sadaka ya Idd-al-Hajj hugawiwa kwa maskini nchini Pakistan]] Katika [[mapokeo]] ya Biblia huyu mwana alikuwa [[Isaka]]. Kurani haitaji jina lake lakini Waislamu walio wengi huamini aliyemaanishwa ni [[Ismaeli]], mwana wa Ibrahimu na [[Hagar]]. == Ibada zake == Sherehe huanza na [[sala]] ya idd katika [[msikiti]]. Mara nyingi hufuatwa na [[baraza]] au [[mkutano]] wa Waislamu. Katika nchi nyingi huwa na kawaida ya kutembelea pia [[Kaburi|makaburi]] ya [[marehemu]]. Kila Mwislamu mwenye uwezo hupaswa kumchinja [[mnyama]] wa sadaka siku hiyo, mara nyingi [[kondoo]], lakini kuna pia sadaka za [[mbuzi]], [[ng'ombe]] au [[ngamia]] kufuatana na uwezo na kawaida ya nchi. Sehemu ya [[nyama]] ya sadaka hizo hugawiwa kwa [[maskini]] wasio na uwezo. Nyingine hutumiwa kwa [[karamu]] ya [[familia]]. == Tarehe za Idd == Idd husheherekewa kati ya [[tarehe]] 10 hadi 13 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] wa [[kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Tarehe hali halisi hutegemea kuonekana kwa [[hilali]] au [[mwezi mwandamo]]. Hapa hutokea tofauti za kila [[mwaka]] kati ya Waislamu. Kimsingi mapokeo ya Kiislamu hudai mwezi kuonekana kwa [[macho]]. === Tofauti za makadirio kati ya Waislamu === Sehemu za Waislamu hukubali ya kwamba inawezekana kukadiria tarehe hii [[Sayansi|kisayansi]], lakini huko [[Saudia]] husisitizwa kuona kwa macho. Maadamu Saudia ni mahali pa [[miji]] mitakatifu ya [[Maka]] na [Madina]], Waislamu wengine hupenda kufuata kawaida ya kule. Zamani hapakuwa na tatizo sana kwa sababu kila nchi ilikuwa na azimio lake. Mitambo ya kisasa huonyesha [[siku]] hizi kama Waislamu wameshaanza kusheherekea nchi moja lakini nchi nyingine bado. Katika nchi mbalimbali, hasa kule ambako Waislamu walihamia juzi tu kama [[Ulaya]], kuna tarehe tofauti kandokando kama wengine hufuata matangazo ya Uturuki yanayokadiriwa kisayansi na wengine matangazo ya Saudia yanayofuata kuonekana kwa macho. Matangazo ya Saudia yamepingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu tarehe zilitangazwa ambapo hapakuwa na uwezekano kuona hilali kisayansi. === Kubadilika kwa tarehe katika kalenda ya jua === Katika [[kalenda ya Gregori]], ambayo ni [[kalenda]] ya kawaida, tarehe za Kiislamu hubadilika kila mara kwa sababu mwaka wa Kiislamu hufuata [[kalenda ya mwezi]] lakini kalenda ya kawaida hufuata jua. Kalenda ya Kiislamu ina takriban siku 11 pungufu kuliko [[kalenda ya jua]]. Kila mwaka tarehe ya Idd huweza kutokea kwa siku mbili tofauti za kalenda ya Gregori kwa sababu kawaida ya Uislamu hufuata kuonekana kwa mwezi kunakopatikana tofauti duniani. Orodha inyaofuata yaonyesha tarehe rasmi za Idd-al-Hajj kwa nchi ya [[Saudia]] jinsi ilivyotangazwa hadi [[2007]] na halmashauri kuu ya Majlis al-Qadā’ al-A‘lā . Tarehe za miaka [[2008]] na kuendelea ni tarehe zinazokadiriwa kulingana na kalenda ya Kiislamu jinsi ilivyo kawaida katika nchi kama [[Uturuki]]. Tofauti zitaendelea kutokea kulingana na maelezo hapo juu kuhusu tofauti ya makadirio na kuonekana kwa hilali * 1426 [[BH]]: [[10 Januari]] [[2006]] * 1427 BH: [[30 Desemba]] [[2006]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[31 Desemba]] [[2006]]) * 1428 BH: [[19 Desemba]] [[2007]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[20 Desemba]] [[2007]]) * 1429 BH: [[8 Desemba]] [[2008]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1430 BH: [[27 Novemba]] [[2009]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1431 BH: [[16 Novemba]] [[2010]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1432 BH: [[6 Novemba]] [[2011]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1433 BH: [[26 Oktoba]] [[2012]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1434 BH: [[15 Oktoba]] [[2013]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1435 BH: [[4 Oktoba]] [[2014]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1436 BH: [[23 Septemba]] [[2015]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1437 BH: [[11 Septemba]] [[2016]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1438 BH: [[1 Septemba]] [[2017]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1439 BH:[[21 Agosti]] [[2018]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1440 BH: [[11 Agosti]] [[2019]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1441 BH: [[31 Julai]] [[2020]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1442 BH: [[20 Julai]] [[2021]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1443 BH: [[10 Julai]] [[2022]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) == Viungo vya nje == * [http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 Background to Eid ul Adha] {{Wayback|url=http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 |date=20080211220251}} * [http://moonsighting.com/ Moonsightings for different regions or their following after some other region] {{Wayback|url=http://moonsighting.com/ |date=20110225144453 }} <!-- more current than the phys.uu.nl --> * [http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/islam/ummalqura.htm "tarehe ikikadiriwa" and ("jinsi ilivyotangazwa" dates for days of the Islamic Calendar] <!-- lists more years than monnsighting.com and does compare to the "tarehe ikikadiriwa" dates. --> {{mbegu-Islam}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] 5xsa1gql701zc6imngju8hbxo90egv5 1550629 1550599 2026-05-26T06:18:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Idd el Hajj | Jina Rasmi = عِيدُ الْأَضْحَىٰ | Aina = Sikukuu ya kidini, [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Eid al-Adha, Iddi ya Kuchinja, Idd Kubwa | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] ulimwenguni kote | Umuhimu = Kukumbuka utayari wa Nabii Ibrahim kumtoa dhabihu mwanawe Ismail | Tarehe = 10 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Sala ya Eid, kuchinja wanyama, kutoa sadaka, kutembelea ndugu | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Fitr]] | Picha = Eid al adha compilation.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mkusanyiko wa picha za siku ya sikukuu ya Idd el Hajj }} '''Idd el Hajj''' (pia: '''Idi el Haji''', '''Eid el Hajj''') ni [[sikukuu]] ya [[Uislamu]] wakati wa [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] ambao ni mwezi wa [[Hajj]]. [[Sherehe]] hii inatunza [[kumbukumbu]] ya [[sadaka]] ya [[Ibrahimu]]. Eid al-Adha Inaangukia tarehe 10 Dhu al-Hijja, mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho wa kalenda ya Kiislamu. Sherehe na maadhimisho kwa ujumla huendelezwa kwa siku tatu zifuatazo, zinazojulikana kama siku za Tashriiq<ref>{{cite news |last=Kadi |first=Samar |date=25 September 2015 |title=Eid al-Adha celebrated differently by Druze, Alawites |url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 |newspaper=[[The Arab Weekly]] |location=London |accessdate=1 August 2016 |archivedate=2017-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212174418/http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 }}</ref>. Eid al-Adha pia wakati mwingine huitwa Eid II au Idd Kubwa. Kama ilivyo kwa Eid al-Fitr, sala ya Eid inasaliwa asubuhi ya Eid al-Adha, baada ya hapo udhiyah, au dhabihu ya kiibada ya kondoo, inaweza kufanywa. Katika mapokeo ya Kiislamu, inaheshimu utayari wa Ibrahimu kumtoa mwanawe kama tendo la utii kwa amri ya Mungu. Kutegemeana na simulizi, ama Ishmaeli au Isaka wanarejelewa kwa jina la heshima Sadaka ya Mungu. Mahujaji wanaohiji kwa kawaida hufanya tawaf na saee ya Hajj siku ya Eid al-Adha, pamoja na ibada ya kumpiga mawe shetani siku ya Idi na siku zinazofuata. == Majina ya sikukuu == Kati ya Waislamu d[[u]]niani sikukuu hii hujulikana kwa [[Jina|majina]] mbalimbali ambayo hutafsiriwa pia kwa [[lugha]] mbalimbali kama vile: * Idd-al-Adhha (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''عيد الأضح''') yaani sikukuu ya sadaka * Idd-al-Qorban (kwa Kiarabu: '''عید قربان''') sikukuu ya sadaka (kwa kutumia [[neno]] tofauti ya "sadaka" katika [[Kurani]]); kwa [[Kituruki]]: Kurban Bayramı; kwa [[Kikurdi]] "Cejna Kûrbanê"; * Idd-al-Kabir (kwa Kiarabu: '''عيد الكبير''') au "sikukuu kubwa"; "Bari Eid" huko [[Uhindi]] na [[Pakistan]]; jina hili hutumiwa kwa sababu kati ya sikukuu [[mbili]] zinazoamriwa katika Kurani hii ni sikukuu kubwa zaidi. == Sadaka ya Ibrahimu == Idd husheherekewa kama kumbukumbu ya sadaka ya [[Ibrahimu]] (Abrahamu) ambaye kufuatana na taarifa za [[Biblia]] na za [[Kurani]] alikuwa tayari kumchinja mwanawe kama sadaka kwa [[Mungu]]. Lakini Mungu alimzuia asimchinje akampatia [[kondoo]] badala yake. Habari zake kati Kurani ziko sura al-Hajj aya 37, katika Biblia [[Mwanzo (Biblia)|Mwanzo]] 22. [[Picha:Eidpakistan.jpg|thumb|250px|Nyama ya sadaka ya Idd-al-Hajj hugawiwa kwa maskini nchini Pakistan]] Katika [[mapokeo]] ya Biblia huyu mwana alikuwa [[Isaka]]. Kurani haitaji jina lake lakini Waislamu walio wengi huamini aliyemaanishwa ni [[Ismaeli]], mwana wa Ibrahimu na [[Hagar]]. == Ibada zake == Sherehe huanza na [[sala]] ya idd katika [[msikiti]]. Mara nyingi hufuatwa na [[baraza]] au [[mkutano]] wa Waislamu. Katika nchi nyingi huwa na kawaida ya kutembelea pia [[Kaburi|makaburi]] ya [[marehemu]]. Kila Mwislamu mwenye uwezo hupaswa kumchinja [[mnyama]] wa sadaka siku hiyo, mara nyingi [[kondoo]], lakini kuna pia sadaka za [[mbuzi]], [[ng'ombe]] au [[ngamia]] kufuatana na uwezo na kawaida ya nchi. Sehemu ya [[nyama]] ya sadaka hizo hugawiwa kwa [[maskini]] wasio na uwezo. Nyingine hutumiwa kwa [[karamu]] ya [[familia]]. == Tarehe za Idd == Idd husheherekewa kati ya [[tarehe]] 10 hadi 13 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] wa [[kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Tarehe hali halisi hutegemea kuonekana kwa [[hilali]] au [[mwezi mwandamo]]. Hapa hutokea tofauti za kila [[mwaka]] kati ya Waislamu. Kimsingi mapokeo ya Kiislamu hudai mwezi kuonekana kwa [[macho]]. === Tofauti za makadirio kati ya Waislamu === Sehemu za Waislamu hukubali ya kwamba inawezekana kukadiria tarehe hii [[Sayansi|kisayansi]], lakini huko [[Saudia]] husisitizwa kuona kwa macho. Maadamu Saudia ni mahali pa [[miji]] mitakatifu ya [[Maka]] na [Madina]], Waislamu wengine hupenda kufuata kawaida ya kule. Zamani hapakuwa na tatizo sana kwa sababu kila nchi ilikuwa na azimio lake. Mitambo ya kisasa huonyesha [[siku]] hizi kama Waislamu wameshaanza kusheherekea nchi moja lakini nchi nyingine bado. Katika nchi mbalimbali, hasa kule ambako Waislamu walihamia juzi tu kama [[Ulaya]], kuna tarehe tofauti kandokando kama wengine hufuata matangazo ya Uturuki yanayokadiriwa kisayansi na wengine matangazo ya Saudia yanayofuata kuonekana kwa macho. Matangazo ya Saudia yamepingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu tarehe zilitangazwa ambapo hapakuwa na uwezekano kuona hilali kisayansi. === Kubadilika kwa tarehe katika kalenda ya jua === Katika [[kalenda ya Gregori]], ambayo ni [[kalenda]] ya kawaida, tarehe za Kiislamu hubadilika kila mara kwa sababu mwaka wa Kiislamu hufuata [[kalenda ya mwezi]] lakini kalenda ya kawaida hufuata jua. Kalenda ya Kiislamu ina takriban siku 11 pungufu kuliko [[kalenda ya jua]]. Kila mwaka tarehe ya Idd huweza kutokea kwa siku mbili tofauti za kalenda ya Gregori kwa sababu kawaida ya Uislamu hufuata kuonekana kwa mwezi kunakopatikana tofauti duniani. Orodha inyaofuata yaonyesha tarehe rasmi za Idd-al-Hajj kwa nchi ya [[Saudia]] jinsi ilivyotangazwa hadi [[2007]] na halmashauri kuu ya Majlis al-Qadā’ al-A‘lā . Tarehe za miaka [[2008]] na kuendelea ni tarehe zinazokadiriwa kulingana na kalenda ya Kiislamu jinsi ilivyo kawaida katika nchi kama [[Uturuki]]. Tofauti zitaendelea kutokea kulingana na maelezo hapo juu kuhusu tofauti ya makadirio na kuonekana kwa hilali * 1426 [[BH]]: [[10 Januari]] [[2006]] * 1427 BH: [[30 Desemba]] [[2006]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[31 Desemba]] [[2006]]) * 1428 BH: [[19 Desemba]] [[2007]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[20 Desemba]] [[2007]]) * 1429 BH: [[8 Desemba]] [[2008]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1430 BH: [[27 Novemba]] [[2009]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1431 BH: [[16 Novemba]] [[2010]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1432 BH: [[6 Novemba]] [[2011]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1433 BH: [[26 Oktoba]] [[2012]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1434 BH: [[15 Oktoba]] [[2013]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1435 BH: [[4 Oktoba]] [[2014]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1436 BH: [[23 Septemba]] [[2015]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1437 BH: [[11 Septemba]] [[2016]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1438 BH: [[1 Septemba]] [[2017]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1439 BH:[[21 Agosti]] [[2018]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1440 BH: [[11 Agosti]] [[2019]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1441 BH: [[31 Julai]] [[2020]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1442 BH: [[20 Julai]] [[2021]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1443 BH: [[10 Julai]] [[2022]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) == Viungo vya nje == * [http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 Background to Eid ul Adha] {{Wayback|url=http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 |date=20080211220251}} * [http://moonsighting.com/ Moonsightings for different regions or their following after some other region] {{Wayback|url=http://moonsighting.com/ |date=20110225144453 }} <!-- more current than the phys.uu.nl --> * [http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/islam/ummalqura.htm "tarehe ikikadiriwa" and ("jinsi ilivyotangazwa" dates for days of the Islamic Calendar] <!-- lists more years than monnsighting.com and does compare to the "tarehe ikikadiriwa" dates. --> {{mbegu-Islam}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] ni8s7uga98b49g49gtu5j56cxgzm6va 1550721 1550629 2026-05-26T08:22:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Idd el Hajj | Jina Rasmi = عِيدُ الْأَضْحَىٰ | Aina = Sikukuu ya kidini, [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Eid al-Adha, Iddi ya Kuchinja, Idd Kubwa | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] ulimwenguni kote | Umuhimu = Kukumbuka utayari wa Nabii Ibrahim kumtoa dhabihu mwanawe Ismail | Tarehe = 10 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Sala ya Eid, kuchinja wanyama, kutoa sadaka, kutembelea ndugu | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Fitr]] | Picha = Eid al adha compilation.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mkusanyiko wa picha za siku ya sikukuu ya Idd el Hajj }} '''Idd el Hajj''' (pia: '''Idi el Haji''', '''Eid el Hajj''') ni [[sikukuu]] ya [[Uislamu]] wakati wa [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] ambao ni mwezi wa [[Hajj]]. [[Sherehe]] hii inatunza [[kumbukumbu]] ya [[sadaka]] ya [[Ibrahimu]]. Eid al-Adha Inaangukia tarehe 10 Dhu al-Hijja, mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho wa kalenda ya Kiislamu. Sherehe na maadhimisho kwa ujumla huendelezwa kwa siku tatu zifuatazo, zinazojulikana kama siku za Tashriiq<ref>{{cite news |last=Kadi |first=Samar |date=25 September 2015 |title=Eid al-Adha celebrated differently by Druze, Alawites |url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 |newspaper=[[The Arab Weekly]] |location=London |accessdate=1 August 2016 |archivedate=2017-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212174418/http://www.thearabweekly.com/?id=2157 }}</ref>. Eid al-Adha pia wakati mwingine huitwa Eid II au Idd Kubwa. Kama ilivyo kwa Eid al-Fitr, sala ya Eid inasaliwa asubuhi ya Eid al-Adha, baada ya hapo udhiyah, au dhabihu ya kiibada ya kondoo, inaweza kufanywa. Katika mapokeo ya Kiislamu, inaheshimu utayari wa Ibrahimu kumtoa mwanawe kama tendo la utii kwa amri ya Mungu. Kutegemeana na simulizi, ama Ishmaeli au Isaka wanarejelewa kwa jina la heshima Sadaka ya Mungu. Mahujaji wanaohiji kwa kawaida hufanya tawaf na saee ya Hajj siku ya Eid al-Adha, pamoja na ibada ya kumpiga mawe shetani siku ya Idi na siku zinazofuata. == Majina ya sikukuu == Kati ya Waislamu d[[u]]niani sikukuu hii hujulikana kwa [[Jina|majina]] mbalimbali ambayo hutafsiriwa pia kwa [[lugha]] mbalimbali kama vile: * Idd-al-Adhha (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''عيد الأضح''') yaani sikukuu ya sadaka * Idd-al-Qorban (kwa Kiarabu: '''عید قربان''') sikukuu ya sadaka (kwa kutumia [[neno]] tofauti ya "sadaka" katika [[Kurani]]); kwa [[Kituruki]]: Kurban Bayramı; kwa [[Kikurdi]] "Cejna Kûrbanê"; * Idd-al-Kabir (kwa Kiarabu: '''عيد الكبير''') au "sikukuu kubwa"; "Bari Eid" huko [[Uhindi]] na [[Pakistan]]; jina hili hutumiwa kwa sababu kati ya sikukuu [[mbili]] zinazoamriwa katika Kurani hii ni sikukuu kubwa zaidi. == Sadaka ya Ibrahimu == Idd husheherekewa kama kumbukumbu ya sadaka ya [[Ibrahimu]] (Abrahamu) ambaye kufuatana na taarifa za [[Biblia]] na za [[Kurani]] alikuwa tayari kumchinja mwanawe kama sadaka kwa [[Mungu]]. Lakini Mungu alimzuia asimchinje akampatia [[kondoo]] badala yake. Habari zake kati Kurani ziko sura al-Hajj aya 37, katika Biblia [[Mwanzo (Biblia)|Mwanzo]] 22. [[Picha:Eidpakistan.jpg|thumb|250px|Nyama ya sadaka ya Idd-al-Hajj hugawiwa kwa maskini nchini Pakistan]] Katika [[mapokeo]] ya Biblia huyu mwana alikuwa [[Isaka]]. Kurani haitaji jina lake lakini Waislamu walio wengi huamini aliyemaanishwa ni [[Ismaeli]], mwana wa Ibrahimu na [[Hagar]]. == Ibada zake == Sherehe huanza na [[sala]] ya idd katika [[msikiti]]. Mara nyingi hufuatwa na [[baraza]] au [[mkutano]] wa Waislamu. Katika nchi nyingi huwa na kawaida ya kutembelea pia [[Kaburi|makaburi]] ya [[marehemu]]. Kila Mwislamu mwenye uwezo hupaswa kumchinja [[mnyama]] wa sadaka siku hiyo, mara nyingi [[kondoo]], lakini kuna pia sadaka za [[mbuzi]], [[ng'ombe]] au [[ngamia]] kufuatana na uwezo na kawaida ya nchi. Sehemu ya [[nyama]] ya sadaka hizo hugawiwa kwa [[maskini]] wasio na uwezo. Nyingine hutumiwa kwa [[karamu]] ya [[familia]]. == Tarehe za Idd == Idd husheherekewa kati ya [[tarehe]] 10 hadi 13 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul Hijjah]] wa [[kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Tarehe hali halisi hutegemea kuonekana kwa [[hilali]] au [[mwezi mwandamo]]. Hapa hutokea tofauti za kila [[mwaka]] kati ya Waislamu. Kimsingi mapokeo ya Kiislamu hudai mwezi kuonekana kwa [[macho]]. === Tofauti za makadirio kati ya Waislamu === Sehemu za Waislamu hukubali ya kwamba inawezekana kukadiria tarehe hii [[Sayansi|kisayansi]], lakini huko [[Saudia]] husisitizwa kuona kwa macho. Maadamu Saudia ni mahali pa [[miji]] mitakatifu ya [[Maka]] na [Madina]], Waislamu wengine hupenda kufuata kawaida ya kule. Zamani hapakuwa na tatizo sana kwa sababu kila nchi ilikuwa na azimio lake. Mitambo ya kisasa huonyesha [[siku]] hizi kama Waislamu wameshaanza kusheherekea nchi moja lakini nchi nyingine bado. Katika nchi mbalimbali, hasa kule ambako Waislamu walihamia juzi tu kama [[Ulaya]], kuna tarehe tofauti kandokando kama wengine hufuata matangazo ya Uturuki yanayokadiriwa kisayansi na wengine matangazo ya Saudia yanayofuata kuonekana kwa macho. Matangazo ya Saudia yamepingwa mara nyingi kwa sababu tarehe zilitangazwa ambapo hapakuwa na uwezekano kuona hilali kisayansi. === Kubadilika kwa tarehe katika kalenda ya jua === Katika [[kalenda ya Gregori]], ambayo ni [[kalenda]] ya kawaida, tarehe za Kiislamu hubadilika kila mara kwa sababu mwaka wa Kiislamu hufuata [[kalenda ya mwezi]] lakini kalenda ya kawaida hufuata jua. Kalenda ya Kiislamu ina takriban siku 11 pungufu kuliko [[kalenda ya jua]]. Kila mwaka tarehe ya Idd huweza kutokea kwa siku mbili tofauti za kalenda ya Gregori kwa sababu kawaida ya Uislamu hufuata kuonekana kwa mwezi kunakopatikana tofauti duniani. Orodha inyaofuata yaonyesha tarehe rasmi za Idd-al-Hajj kwa nchi ya [[Saudia]] jinsi ilivyotangazwa hadi [[2007]] na halmashauri kuu ya Majlis al-Qadā’ al-A‘lā . Tarehe za miaka [[2008]] na kuendelea ni tarehe zinazokadiriwa kulingana na kalenda ya Kiislamu jinsi ilivyo kawaida katika nchi kama [[Uturuki]]. Tofauti zitaendelea kutokea kulingana na maelezo hapo juu kuhusu tofauti ya makadirio na kuonekana kwa hilali * 1426 [[BH]]: [[10 Januari]] [[2006]] * 1427 BH: [[30 Desemba]] [[2006]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[31 Desemba]] [[2006]]) * 1428 BH: [[19 Desemba]] [[2007]] (jinsi ilivyotangazwa - tarehe ya kukadiriwa: [[20 Desemba]] [[2007]]) * 1429 BH: [[8 Desemba]] [[2008]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1430 BH: [[27 Novemba]] [[2009]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1431 BH: [[16 Novemba]] [[2010]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1432 BH: [[6 Novemba]] [[2011]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1433 BH: [[26 Oktoba]] [[2012]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1434 BH: [[15 Oktoba]] [[2013]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1435 BH: [[4 Oktoba]] [[2014]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1436 BH: [[23 Septemba]] [[2015]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1437 BH: [[11 Septemba]] [[2016]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1438 BH: [[1 Septemba]] [[2017]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1439 BH:[[21 Agosti]] [[2018]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1440 BH: [[11 Agosti]] [[2019]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1441 BH: [[31 Julai]] [[2020]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1442 BH: [[20 Julai]] [[2021]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) * 1443 BH: [[10 Julai]] [[2022]] (tarehe ya kukadiriwa) ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 Background to Eid ul Adha] {{Wayback|url=http://i-keighley.com/news/View.php?ArticleID=27 |date=20080211220251}} * [http://moonsighting.com/ Moonsightings for different regions or their following after some other region] {{Wayback|url=http://moonsighting.com/ |date=20110225144453 }} <!-- more current than the phys.uu.nl --> * [http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/islam/ummalqura.htm "tarehe ikikadiriwa" and ("jinsi ilivyotangazwa" dates for days of the Islamic Calendar] <!-- lists more years than monnsighting.com and does compare to the "tarehe ikikadiriwa" dates. --> {{mbegu-Islam}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] rtu5eauwojxex6tkxgqlxw07aq8vnz9 0 24497 1550439 1265114 2026-05-25T19:53:38Z Muddyb 379 Kuboresha makala 1550439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Annie Wersching | picha = Annie Wersching by Gage Skidmore.jpg | maelezo = Wersching mwaka 2022 | jina la kuzaliwa = Anne Wersching | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1977|3|28}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[St. Louis]], Missouri, Marekani | tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|2023|1|29|1977|3|28}} | mahali alipofia = [[Los Angeles]], California, Marekani | elimu = [[Millikin University]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | miaka ya kazi = 2002–2023 | ndoa = {{marriage|[[Stephen Full]]|2009}} | watoto = 3 }} '''Anne Wersching'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching Biography - Birth Name: Anne Wersching |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/annie-wersching/bio/3030400368/ |work=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=8 April 2025}}</ref> (28 Machi 1977 – 29 Januari 2023) alikuwa mwigizaji wa filamu na tamthilia kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifahamika zaidi kwa uhusika wake kwenye tamthilia mbalimbali kama vile [[Renee Walker]] kwenye ''[[24 (mfululizo wa TV)|24]]'', Julia Brasher kwenye ''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]'', Emma Whitmore kwenye ''Timeless'', Dr. Kelly Neiman kwenye ''Castles'', Leslie Dean kwenye ''Runaways'', Lily Salvatore kwenye ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' na Rosalind Dyer kwenye ''[[The Rookie]]''. Pia alitoa sauti na kushiriki kwenye miondoko ya kidijitali kwa ajili ya uhusika wa Tess kwenye mchezo wa video maarufu wa ''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]''. == Maisha ya awali == Wersching alizaliwa mjini [[St. Louis]], Missouri.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Annie-Wersching/nm1156709/ |title=Annie Wersching: Movies, TV and Bio |website=[[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]] |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420040014/https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Annie-Wersching/nm1156709/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya sekondari ya Crossroads College Preparatory School mjini St. Louis na kuhitimu mwaka 1995.<ref name="official">{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching Bio |url=http://www.anniewersching.com/home/index.php?location=bio |access-date=February 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208222628/http://anniewersching.com/home/index.php?location=bio |archive-date=February 8, 2009}}</ref> Katika ujana wake, alishiriki kwenye mashindano ya kucheza ngoma za Kiayalandi na alikuwa mwanachama wa kikundi cha St. Louis Celtic Stepdancers.<ref name="official" /> Alitunukiwa Shahada ya Sanaa katika masuala yaigizaji wa tamthilia za muziki kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Millikin, ambapo alihitimu mnamo mwaka 1999.<ref name="official" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://millikin.edu/profile/annie-wersching |title=Annie Wersching '99 |website=Millikin.edu |date=July 23, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=May 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523180143/https://millikin.edu/profile/annie-wersching |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi == Wersching alianza safari yake ya uigizaji kwa kuonekana kama mwigizaji mwalikwa mnamo mwaka 2002 kwenye sehemu ya "Oasis" katika tamthilia ya ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]''. Baada ya hapo, aliendelea kuonekana kwenye sehemu mbalimbali za tamthilia maarufu kama vile ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'', ''[[Charmed]]'', ''[[Cold Case]]'', ''[[Killer Instinct (TV series)|Killer Instinct]]'', na ''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]''. Kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 2007, alicheza uhusika wa kujirudia wa [[Amelia Joffe]] kwenye igizo la televisheni la kila siku la chaneli ya ABC linaloitwa ''[[General Hospital]]''. Pia alifanya kazi katika kumbi mbalimbali za michezo ya kuigiza ikiwemo Victory Gardens Theater, Marriott Theatre Lincolnshire, na Utah Shakespearean Festival.<ref name="official" /> Wersching alicheza kama Afisa Maalum wa FBI [[Renee Walker]]<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Melodie|last2=Dealer|first2=The Plain|date=November 5, 2012|title='Touch' to hold '24' reunion; 'Skyfall' breaks U.K. box-office record; and more|url=https://www.cleveland.com/people/2012/11/foxs_touch_to_hold_24_reunion.html|access-date=February 10, 2022|website=Cleveland|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210172516/https://www.cleveland.com/people/2012/11/foxs_touch_to_hold_24_reunion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> katika msimu wa saba na wa nane wa tamthilia maarufu ya ''24''. [[File:Annie Wersching 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Wersching mnamo mwaka 2009]] Baada ya kuigiza kwa misimu miwili kwenye tamthilia ya ''24'', Wersching alialikwa kuigiza kwenye tamthilia nyingine nyingi, zikiwemo ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'', ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', ''[[Rizzoli & Isles]]'', ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'', ''[[Body of Proof]]'', ''[[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]]'', ''[[Revolution (TV series)|Revolution]]'', ''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]'', ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'', ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'', na ''[[Touch (American TV series)|Touch]]''. Wersching pia alishiriki katika mchezo wa mpira wa pete wa mastaa (Taco Bell All-Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game) mnamo mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laymance |first=Reid |title=Official celebrity list for All-Star softball game on Sunday |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/official-celebrity-list-for-all-star-softball-game-on-sunday/article_48a4a93f-6e13-5988-91fe-e038837cdb04.html |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=STLtoday.com |date=July 6, 2009 |language=en |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130005700/https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/official-celebrity-list-for-all-star-softball-game-on-sunday/article_48a4a93f-6e13-5988-91fe-e038837cdb04.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Desemba 2012, ilitangazwa kuwa kwenye mchezo wa video wa PlayStation 3 wa ''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]'', Wersching alikuwa mwigizaji aliyetoa sauti na kuigiza miondoko ya kidijitali kwa ajili ya mhusika Tess. Muonekano wa uhusika wake ulidokezwa kwenye akaunti ya Twitter ya Geoff Keighley kabla ya kutambulishwa rasmi katika trela ya mchezo huo kwenye tuzo za Spike Video Game Awards tarehe 7 Desemba 2012. Mnamo mwaka 2014, alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wakuu wa msimu wa kwanza wa tamthilia ya upelelezi ya Amazon Prime iliyoitwa ''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2015/scene/news/michael-connelly-gives-insight-into-detectives-at-amazons-bosch-premiere-1201423794/ |title=Michael Connelly Gives Insight into Detectives at Amazon's 'Bosch' Premiere |first=Marianne |last=Zumberge |website=Variety |date=February 4, 2015 |access-date=December 14, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104100/http://variety.com/2015/scene/news/michael-connelly-gives-insight-into-detectives-at-amazons-bosch-premiere-1201423794/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2022, alirejea tena kwenye mfululizo wa ''Star Trek'' na kucheza kama Borg Queen katika msimu wa pili wa ''[[Star Trek: Picard (season 2)|Star Trek: Picard]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Templeton |first=Molly |date=September 3, 2021 |title=Annie Wersching Will Play the Borg Queen in Star Trek: Picard |url=https://www.tor.com/2021/09/03/annie-wersching-borg-queen-star-trek-picard/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Tor.com |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903145250/https://www.tor.com/2021/09/03/annie-wersching-borg-queen-star-trek-picard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2019, alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wakuu akicheza kama Leslie Dean kwenye tamthilia ya Hulu/Marvel ya ''[[Runaways (TV series)|Runaways]]''. Kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2022, alionekana mara kwa mara kama Rosalind Dyer kwenye tamthilia ya ''[[The Rookie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blanchet |first1=Brenton |title=Annie Wersching Honored by 'The Rookie' with Touching On-Screen Tribute After Her Death |url=https://people.com/tv/the-rookie-honors-annie-wersching/ |website=People.com |publisher=Dotdash Meredith |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi, maradhi na kifo == Wersching alifunga ndoa na mwigizaji na mchekeshaji Stephen Full nyumbani kwao mjini Los Angeles mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.com/parents/24s-annie-wersching-expecting-a-baby/ |title=''24''{{'}}s Annie Wersching Expecting a Baby |website=People |date=March 5, 2010 |access-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160750/https://people.com/parents/24s-annie-wersching-expecting-a-baby/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Walibarikiwa kupata watoto watatu wa kiume kwa pamoja.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 9, 2010|title=Annie Wersching Welcomes Son Freddie|url=https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-freddie/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815061840/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/08/09/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-freddie/|archive-date=August 15, 2010|website=People}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 8, 2013|title=Annie Wersching Welcomes Son Ozzie|url=https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-ozzie/|website=People|access-date=November 12, 2019|archive-date=November 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160747/https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-ozzie/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 3, 2018|title='Timeless' Actress Annie Wersching Welcomes Third Child (Exclusive)|url=https://www.etonline.com/timeless-actress-annie-wersching-welcomes-third-child-exclusive-114944|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=December 4, 2018|archive-date=December 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102019/https://www.etonline.com/timeless-actress-annie-wersching-welcomes-third-child-exclusive-114944|url-status=live}}</ref> Wersching aligundulika kuwa na ugonjwa wa saratani katikati ya mwaka 2020, ingawa alifanya siri jambo hilo na kuendelea na kazi zake za uigizaji kama kawaida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2023 |title= Annie Wersching, ''24'' actress, passes away at 45 |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/29/entertainment/annie-wersching-death/index.html|access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annie Wersching, Who Played Borg Queen on ''Star Trek: Picard'', Dies at 45 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/29/arts/television/annie-wersching-dead.html |access-date=January 29, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haring |first=Bruce |date=January 29, 2023 |title=Annie Wersching Dies: Actress In ''24'', ''Bosch'' And ''Timeless'' Was 45 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/annie-wersching-dies-actress-in-24-bosch-and-timeless-was-45-obituary-1235243778/ |access-date=January 29, 2023 |website=Deadline |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129194959/https://deadline.com/2023/01/annie-wersching-dies-actress-in-24-bosch-and-timeless-was-45-obituary-1235243778/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifariki dunia mjini Los Angeles, California, kutokana na saratani ya tezi (adenoid cystic carcinoma) mnamo tarehe 29 Januari 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 45.<ref>{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching In ''The Last of Us'' |url=https://starsgab.com/annie-wersching-the-last-of-us/ |work=Starsgab |date=February 15, 2023 |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title=Annie Wersching, Actress in ''Bosch'', ''24'', ''Runaways'', Dies at 45 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/annie-wersching-dead-bosch-24-runaways-1235312384/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=January 29, 2023 |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129210949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/annie-wersching-dead-bosch-24-runaways-1235312384/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Filmografia == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Uhusika |- |2003 |''[[Bruce Almighty]]'' |Mwanamke kwenye sherehe |- |2010 |''Below the Beltway'' |Darcy |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Tamthilia ! Uhusika ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' |Liana |Sehemu ya: "[[Oasis (Star Trek: Enterprise)|Oasis]]" |- |''[[Birds of Prey (TV series)|Birds of Prey]]'' |Lynne Emerson |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''[[Frasier]]'' |Mtaalamu wa urembo |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'' |Margaret |Sehemu ya: "[[Shiny Happy People (Angel)|Shiny Happy People]]" |- |2004 |''[[Charmed]]'' |Demonatrix Two |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''[[Out of Practice]]'' |Conner |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Killer Instinct (TV series)|Killer Instinct]]'' |Cecilia Johnson |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[E-Ring]]'' |Luteni |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |''[[Cold Case]]'' |Libby Bradley (1979) |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Boston Legal]]'' |Ellen Tanner |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' |Susan Thompson |Sehemu ya: "Playthings" |- |''[[General Hospital]]'' |[[Amelia Joffe]] |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |''[[Journeyman (TV series)|Journeyman]]'' |Diana Bloom |Sehemu 1 |- |2009–2010 | data-sort-value="Twenty-four" |''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' |[[Renee Walker]] |Uhusika mkuu |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' |Priscilla Prescott |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' |Gail Walsh |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2011 |''[[No Ordinary Family]]'' |Michelle Cotton |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Rizzoli & Isles]]'' |Nicole Mateo |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' |Samantha Martell |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''[[Harry's Law]]'' |Patricia Stanhope |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Blue Eyed Butcher]]'' |Allie |Filamu ya televisheni |- | rowspan="4" |2013 |''[[Body of Proof]]'' |Yvonne Kurtz |Sehemu 2 |- |''[[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]]'' |Alison Jones |Sehemu 4 |- |''[[Touch (American TV series)|Touch]]'' |Kate Gordon |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Revolution (TV series)|Revolution]]'' |Emma |Sehemu 2 |- |2013;<br>2015 |''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]'' |Kelly Nieman |Sehemu 3 |- |2014–2016; 2021 |''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]'' |Julia Brasher |Uhusika mkuu (msimu 1–2); mwigizaji mwalikwa (msimu 7) |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''[[Intelligence (American TV series)|Intelligence]]'' |Kate Anderson |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'' |Joyce Carpenter |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Extant (TV series)|Extant]]'' |Femi Dodd |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2015–2016 | data-sort-value="Vampire Diaries, The" |''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' |Lily Salvatore |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''[[Code Black (TV series)|Code Black]]'' |Katie Miller |Sehemu 1 |- | data-sort-value="Catch, The" |''[[The Catch (American TV series)|The Catch]]'' |Karen Singh |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Major Crimes (TV series)|Major Crimes]]'' |Liz Soto |Sehemu 1 |- |2017–2018 |''[[Timeless (American TV series)|Timeless]]'' |Emma Whitmore |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2017 |''[[Doubt (American TV series)|Doubt]]'' |Bonnie Harris |Sehemu 1 |- |2017–2019 |''[[Runaways (TV series)|Runaways]]'' |[[Leslie Dean]] |Uhusika mkuu |- |2018 |''[[Hell's Kitchen (American TV series)|Hell's Kitchen]]'' |Yeye mwenyewe |Sehemu 1 |- |2019–2022 | data-sort-value="Rookie, The" |''[[The Rookie]]'' |Rosalind Dyer |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2022 |''[[Star Trek: Picard]]'' |[[Borg Queen]] |Uhusika wa kujirudia |} === Michezo ya Video === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Mchezo ! Uhusika wa Sauti ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- |2013 |data-sort-value="Last of Us, The" |''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]'' |Tess | Pia alirekodi miondoko yake ya mwili (performance capture) |- |2019 |''[[Anthem (video game)|Anthem]]'' |Tassyn | Pia alirekodi miondoko yake ya mwili (performance capture) |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{discogs artist|Annie Wersching}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1977|2023}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wersching, Annie}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] ltax1jaq8v2mks8bz07l7cbygcf3qza 1550469 1550439 2026-05-26T00:01:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Annie Wersching | picha = Annie Wersching by Gage Skidmore.jpg | maelezo = Wersching mwaka 2022 | jina la kuzaliwa = Anne Wersching | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1977|3|28}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[St. Louis]], Missouri, Marekani | tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|2023|1|29|1977|3|28}} | mahali alipofia = [[Los Angeles]], California, Marekani | elimu = [[Millikin University]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | miaka ya kazi = 2002–2023 | ndoa = {{marriage|[[Stephen Full]]|2009}} | watoto = 3 }} '''Anne Wersching'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching Biography - Birth Name: Anne Wersching |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/annie-wersching/bio/3030400368/ |work=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=8 April 2025}}</ref> (28 Machi 1977 – 29 Januari 2023) alikuwa mwigizaji wa filamu na tamthilia kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifahamika zaidi kwa uhusika wake kwenye tamthilia mbalimbali kama vile [[Renee Walker]] kwenye ''[[24 (mfululizo wa TV)|24]]'', Julia Brasher kwenye ''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]'', Emma Whitmore kwenye ''Timeless'', Dr. Kelly Neiman kwenye ''Castles'', Leslie Dean kwenye ''Runaways'', Lily Salvatore kwenye ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' na Rosalind Dyer kwenye ''[[The Rookie]]''. Pia alitoa sauti na kushiriki kwenye miondoko ya kidijitali kwa ajili ya uhusika wa Tess kwenye mchezo wa video maarufu wa ''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]''. == Maisha ya awali == Wersching alizaliwa mjini [[St. Louis]], Missouri.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Annie-Wersching/nm1156709/ |title=Annie Wersching: Movies, TV and Bio |website=[[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]] |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420040014/https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Annie-Wersching/nm1156709/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya sekondari ya Crossroads College Preparatory School mjini St. Louis na kuhitimu mwaka 1995.<ref name="official">{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching Bio |url=http://www.anniewersching.com/home/index.php?location=bio |access-date=February 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208222628/http://anniewersching.com/home/index.php?location=bio |archive-date=February 8, 2009}}</ref> Katika ujana wake, alishiriki kwenye mashindano ya kucheza ngoma za Kiayalandi na alikuwa mwanachama wa kikundi cha St. Louis Celtic Stepdancers.<ref name="official" /> Alitunukiwa Shahada ya Sanaa katika masuala yaigizaji wa tamthilia za muziki kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Millikin, ambapo alihitimu mnamo mwaka 1999.<ref name="official" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://millikin.edu/profile/annie-wersching |title=Annie Wersching '99 |website=Millikin.edu |date=July 23, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=May 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523180143/https://millikin.edu/profile/annie-wersching |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi == Wersching alianza safari yake ya uigizaji kwa kuonekana kama mwigizaji mwalikwa mnamo mwaka 2002 kwenye sehemu ya "Oasis" katika tamthilia ya ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]''. Baada ya hapo, aliendelea kuonekana kwenye sehemu mbalimbali za tamthilia maarufu kama vile ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'', ''[[Charmed]]'', ''[[Cold Case]]'', ''[[Killer Instinct (TV series)|Killer Instinct]]'', na ''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]''. Kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 2007, alicheza uhusika wa kujirudia wa [[Amelia Joffe]] kwenye igizo la televisheni la kila siku la chaneli ya ABC linaloitwa ''[[General Hospital]]''. Pia alifanya kazi katika kumbi mbalimbali za michezo ya kuigiza ikiwemo Victory Gardens Theater, Marriott Theatre Lincolnshire, na Utah Shakespearean Festival.<ref name="official" /> Wersching alicheza kama Afisa Maalum wa FBI [[Renee Walker]]<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Melodie|last2=Dealer|first2=The Plain|date=November 5, 2012|title='Touch' to hold '24' reunion; 'Skyfall' breaks U.K. box-office record; and more|url=https://www.cleveland.com/people/2012/11/foxs_touch_to_hold_24_reunion.html|access-date=February 10, 2022|website=Cleveland|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210172516/https://www.cleveland.com/people/2012/11/foxs_touch_to_hold_24_reunion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> katika msimu wa saba na wa nane wa tamthilia maarufu ya ''24''. [[File:Annie Wersching 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Wersching mnamo mwaka 2009]] Baada ya kuigiza kwa misimu miwili kwenye tamthilia ya ''24'', Wersching alialikwa kuigiza kwenye tamthilia nyingine nyingi, zikiwemo ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'', ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', ''[[Rizzoli & Isles]]'', ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'', ''[[Body of Proof]]'', ''[[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]]'', ''[[Revolution (TV series)|Revolution]]'', ''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]'', ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'', ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'', na ''[[Touch (American TV series)|Touch]]''. Wersching pia alishiriki katika mchezo wa mpira wa pete wa mastaa (Taco Bell All-Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game) mnamo mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Laymance |first=Reid |title=Official celebrity list for All-Star softball game on Sunday |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/official-celebrity-list-for-all-star-softball-game-on-sunday/article_48a4a93f-6e13-5988-91fe-e038837cdb04.html |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=STLtoday.com |date=July 6, 2009 |language=en |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130005700/https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/official-celebrity-list-for-all-star-softball-game-on-sunday/article_48a4a93f-6e13-5988-91fe-e038837cdb04.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Desemba 2012, ilitangazwa kuwa kwenye mchezo wa video wa PlayStation 3 wa ''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]'', Wersching alikuwa mwigizaji aliyetoa sauti na kuigiza miondoko ya kidijitali kwa ajili ya mhusika Tess. Muonekano wa uhusika wake ulidokezwa kwenye akaunti ya Twitter ya Geoff Keighley kabla ya kutambulishwa rasmi katika trela ya mchezo huo kwenye tuzo za Spike Video Game Awards tarehe 7 Desemba 2012. Mnamo mwaka 2014, alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wakuu wa msimu wa kwanza wa tamthilia ya upelelezi ya Amazon Prime iliyoitwa ''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2015/scene/news/michael-connelly-gives-insight-into-detectives-at-amazons-bosch-premiere-1201423794/ |title=Michael Connelly Gives Insight into Detectives at Amazon's 'Bosch' Premiere |first=Marianne |last=Zumberge |website=Variety |date=February 4, 2015 |access-date=December 14, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104100/http://variety.com/2015/scene/news/michael-connelly-gives-insight-into-detectives-at-amazons-bosch-premiere-1201423794/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2022, alirejea tena kwenye mfululizo wa ''Star Trek'' na kucheza kama Borg Queen katika msimu wa pili wa ''[[Star Trek: Picard (season 2)|Star Trek: Picard]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Templeton |first=Molly |date=September 3, 2021 |title=Annie Wersching Will Play the Borg Queen in Star Trek: Picard |url=https://www.tor.com/2021/09/03/annie-wersching-borg-queen-star-trek-picard/ |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=Tor.com |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903145250/https://www.tor.com/2021/09/03/annie-wersching-borg-queen-star-trek-picard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2019, alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wakuu akicheza kama Leslie Dean kwenye tamthilia ya Hulu/Marvel ya ''[[Runaways (TV series)|Runaways]]''. Kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2022, alionekana mara kwa mara kama Rosalind Dyer kwenye tamthilia ya ''[[The Rookie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blanchet |first1=Brenton |title=Annie Wersching Honored by 'The Rookie' with Touching On-Screen Tribute After Her Death |url=https://people.com/tv/the-rookie-honors-annie-wersching/ |website=People.com |publisher=Dotdash Meredith |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi, maradhi na kifo == Wersching alifunga ndoa na mwigizaji na mchekeshaji Stephen Full nyumbani kwao mjini Los Angeles mnamo Septemba 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.com/parents/24s-annie-wersching-expecting-a-baby/ |title=''24''{{'}}s Annie Wersching Expecting a Baby |website=People |date=March 5, 2010 |access-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160750/https://people.com/parents/24s-annie-wersching-expecting-a-baby/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Walibarikiwa kupata watoto watatu wa kiume kwa pamoja.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 9, 2010|title=Annie Wersching Welcomes Son Freddie|url=https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-freddie/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815061840/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/08/09/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-freddie/|archive-date=August 15, 2010|website=People}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 8, 2013|title=Annie Wersching Welcomes Son Ozzie|url=https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-ozzie/|website=People|access-date=November 12, 2019|archive-date=November 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160747/https://people.com/parents/annie-wersching-welcomes-son-ozzie/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 3, 2018|title='Timeless' Actress Annie Wersching Welcomes Third Child (Exclusive)|url=https://www.etonline.com/timeless-actress-annie-wersching-welcomes-third-child-exclusive-114944|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=December 4, 2018|archive-date=December 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102019/https://www.etonline.com/timeless-actress-annie-wersching-welcomes-third-child-exclusive-114944|url-status=live}}</ref> Wersching aligundulika kuwa na ugonjwa wa saratani katikati ya mwaka 2020, ingawa alifanya siri jambo hilo na kuendelea na kazi zake za uigizaji kama kawaida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2023 |title= Annie Wersching, ''24'' actress, passes away at 45 |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/29/entertainment/annie-wersching-death/index.html|access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annie Wersching, Who Played Borg Queen on ''Star Trek: Picard'', Dies at 45 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/29/arts/television/annie-wersching-dead.html |access-date=January 29, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haring |first=Bruce |date=January 29, 2023 |title=Annie Wersching Dies: Actress In ''24'', ''Bosch'' And ''Timeless'' Was 45 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/annie-wersching-dies-actress-in-24-bosch-and-timeless-was-45-obituary-1235243778/ |access-date=January 29, 2023 |website=Deadline |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129194959/https://deadline.com/2023/01/annie-wersching-dies-actress-in-24-bosch-and-timeless-was-45-obituary-1235243778/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifariki dunia mjini Los Angeles, California, kutokana na saratani ya tezi (adenoid cystic carcinoma) mnamo tarehe 29 Januari 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 45.<ref>{{cite web |title=Annie Wersching In ''The Last of Us'' |url=https://starsgab.com/annie-wersching-the-last-of-us/ |work=Starsgab |date=February 15, 2023 |access-date=14 October 2024 |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165200/https://starsgab.com/annie-wersching-the-last-of-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title=Annie Wersching, Actress in ''Bosch'', ''24'', ''Runaways'', Dies at 45 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/annie-wersching-dead-bosch-24-runaways-1235312384/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=January 29, 2023 |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129210949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/annie-wersching-dead-bosch-24-runaways-1235312384/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Filmografia == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Uhusika |- |2003 |''[[Bruce Almighty]]'' |Mwanamke kwenye sherehe |- |2010 |''Below the Beltway'' |Darcy |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Tamthilia ! Uhusika ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' |Liana |Sehemu ya: "[[Oasis (Star Trek: Enterprise)|Oasis]]" |- |''[[Birds of Prey (TV series)|Birds of Prey]]'' |Lynne Emerson |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''[[Frasier]]'' |Mtaalamu wa urembo |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'' |Margaret |Sehemu ya: "[[Shiny Happy People (Angel)|Shiny Happy People]]" |- |2004 |''[[Charmed]]'' |Demonatrix Two |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''[[Out of Practice]]'' |Conner |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Killer Instinct (TV series)|Killer Instinct]]'' |Cecilia Johnson |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[E-Ring]]'' |Luteni |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |''[[Cold Case]]'' |Libby Bradley (1979) |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Boston Legal]]'' |Ellen Tanner |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''[[Supernatural (American TV series)|Supernatural]]'' |Susan Thompson |Sehemu ya: "Playthings" |- |''[[General Hospital]]'' |[[Amelia Joffe]] |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |''[[Journeyman (TV series)|Journeyman]]'' |Diana Bloom |Sehemu 1 |- |2009–2010 | data-sort-value="Twenty-four" |''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' |[[Renee Walker]] |Uhusika mkuu |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' |Priscilla Prescott |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' |Gail Walsh |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="3" |2011 |''[[No Ordinary Family]]'' |Michelle Cotton |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Rizzoli & Isles]]'' |Nicole Mateo |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' |Samantha Martell |Sehemu 1 |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''[[Harry's Law]]'' |Patricia Stanhope |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Blue Eyed Butcher]]'' |Allie |Filamu ya televisheni |- | rowspan="4" |2013 |''[[Body of Proof]]'' |Yvonne Kurtz |Sehemu 2 |- |''[[Dallas (2012 TV series)|Dallas]]'' |Alison Jones |Sehemu 4 |- |''[[Touch (American TV series)|Touch]]'' |Kate Gordon |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Revolution (TV series)|Revolution]]'' |Emma |Sehemu 2 |- |2013;<br>2015 |''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]'' |Kelly Nieman |Sehemu 3 |- |2014–2016; 2021 |''[[Bosch (TV series)|Bosch]]'' |Julia Brasher |Uhusika mkuu (msimu 1–2); mwigizaji mwalikwa (msimu 7) |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''[[Intelligence (American TV series)|Intelligence]]'' |Kate Anderson |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'' |Joyce Carpenter |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Extant (TV series)|Extant]]'' |Femi Dodd |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2015–2016 | data-sort-value="Vampire Diaries, The" |''[[The Vampire Diaries]]'' |Lily Salvatore |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''[[Code Black (TV series)|Code Black]]'' |Katie Miller |Sehemu 1 |- | data-sort-value="Catch, The" |''[[The Catch (American TV series)|The Catch]]'' |Karen Singh |Sehemu 1 |- |''[[Major Crimes (TV series)|Major Crimes]]'' |Liz Soto |Sehemu 1 |- |2017–2018 |''[[Timeless (American TV series)|Timeless]]'' |Emma Whitmore |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2017 |''[[Doubt (American TV series)|Doubt]]'' |Bonnie Harris |Sehemu 1 |- |2017–2019 |''[[Runaways (TV series)|Runaways]]'' |[[Leslie Dean]] |Uhusika mkuu |- |2018 |''[[Hell's Kitchen (American TV series)|Hell's Kitchen]]'' |Yeye mwenyewe |Sehemu 1 |- |2019–2022 | data-sort-value="Rookie, The" |''[[The Rookie]]'' |Rosalind Dyer |Uhusika wa kujirudia |- |2022 |''[[Star Trek: Picard]]'' |[[Borg Queen]] |Uhusika wa kujirudia |} === Michezo ya Video === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Mchezo ! Uhusika wa Sauti ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- |2013 |data-sort-value="Last of Us, The" |''[[The Last of Us (video game)|The Last of Us]]'' |Tess | Pia alirekodi miondoko yake ya mwili (performance capture) |- |2019 |''[[Anthem (video game)|Anthem]]'' |Tassyn | Pia alirekodi miondoko yake ya mwili (performance capture) |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{discogs artist|Annie Wersching}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1977|2023}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wersching, Annie}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] mm4574v1mtm0eylbucveqw9rmwt0m26 0 34040 1550364 1465162 2026-05-25T13:55:21Z ~2026-31211-17 89684 1550364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football biography 2 | playername = Kolo Touré | image = [[Picha:Kolo Touré 5.JPG|150px]] | fullname = Kolo Habib Touré | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1981|3|19|mf=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Bouake]] | countryofbirth = [[Côte d'Ivoire]] | height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)|Central Defender]] | currentclub = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | clubnumber = 28 | youthyears1 = 2000–2002 | youthclubs1 = [[ASEC Mimosas]] | years1 = 2002–2009 | years2 = 2009–2026 | clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] | clubs2 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | caps1 = 225 | caps2 = 14 | goals1 = 9 | goals2 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire]] | nationalcaps1 = 70 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | pcupdate = 09:12, 15 Desemba 2009 (UTC) | ntupdate = 15:27, 12 Septemba 2009 (UTC) }} [[Picha:Toure With a Young Fan.jpg|thumb|Toure na shabiki]] '''Kolo Habib Toure''' (alizaliwa 19, Machi, 1981), ni mchezaji wa kandanda ambaye kwa sasa anaichezea, na ni nahodha wa Manchester City,ambayo ni klabu ya ligi kuu ya Uingereza na huichezea timu ya taifa ya Ivory Coast. Touré ni mchezaji wa kati wa safu ya ulinzi, yaani difenda, na anajulikana kwa kasi yake, nguvu yake na uanaspoti wake. Yeye ni kaka mkubwa wa [[Yaya Toure]], mchezaji wa kiungo cha kati katika klabu ya [[Barcelona]] na [[Ibrahim Touré]] wa klabu ya [[Al-Ittihad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/388579.pdf|title=UEFA Champions League: Booking List – 2005|publisher=UEFA|page=2|access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> == Wasifu wa Klabu == === Arsenal === Alizaliwa katika sehemu ya Bouaké, na baada ya jaribio wa muda mfupi, Toure alijiunga na Arsenal mnamo Februari 2002 kutoka ASEC Mimosas kwa paundi £ 150,000. Alipata kibali cha kazi cha Uingereza kutokana na status yake ya kuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa aliyekamilika. Awali alichezeshwa kama mchezaji wa kiungo cha kati wa kushambulia au kama mshambuliaji.<ref name="LivKT">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/first-team/player/kolo-toure|title=Kolo Toure|date=2015|publisher=Liverpool FC|access-date=8 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828061841/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/first-team/player/kolo-toure|archive-date=28 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==== Msimu wa 2002-03 ==== Toure hakuichezea timu ya kwanza ya Arsenal hadi msimu uliofuata, dhidi ya [[Liverpool]] katika FA Community Shield mwezi Agosti mwaka wa 2002. Awali alijulikana kama mchezaji anayeweza kucheza katika sehemu yoyote ya uwanja. Alianza wasifu wake wa Arsenal kama mchezaji wa kiungo cha kati na vilevile kama mchezaji wa safu ya ulinzi wa kulia. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza la Arsenal katika uwanja wa Stamford Bridge dhidi ya [[Chelsea]], mechi iliyokamilika kwa sare ya 1-1. Arsenal ilishindwa kuhifadhi taji lao la Premiership msimu huo, hata hivyo Touré aliweka hatua kubwa katika wasifu wake kwa kushinda kombe la FA Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/1820969.stm|title=Toure joins Gunners|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 February 2002|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/profiles/686/kolo-toure|title=Kolo Toure|publisher=Arsenal FC|access-date=20 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220223640/http://www.arsenal.com/history/profiles/686/kolo-toure|archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> ==== Msimu wa 2003-04 ==== Msimu wa 2003-04 ulipoanza, Wenger alianza kumtumia Touré katika kati ya safu ya ulinzi sambamba na [[Sol Campbell]]. Wawili hawa walifomu ushirikiano mzuri,na wakawa na msimu mzuri wakati Arsenal ilimaliza msimu mzima bila kushindwa. Yeye, ambaye awali alikuwa mchezaji wa kiungo cha kati wa kushambulia au mshambuliaji, alijitengenezea sifa kwa kuwa mchezaji wa safu ya ulinzi anayeshambulia, na alifunga bao moja na alikuwa na pasi moja iliyosababisha bao; alikuwa na shauku sana kwa mbio zake na kutoka kwa "set-pieces".<ref name="2002CommunityShield">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/2182875.stm|title=Slick Arsenal win Shield|publisher=BBC Sport|date=11 August 2002|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> ==== Msimu wa 2004-05 ==== Touré alikuwa ndani na nje ya timu ya [[Arsenal]] wakati wa msimu wa 2004-05, kwani alikuwa anapigania nafasi katika timu ya kwanza pamoja na [[Phillipe Senderos]] na [[Pascal Cygan]] ambao pia walitaka kucheza sambamba na Sol Campbell katika safu ulinzi. Toure alimaliza msimu huo na medali ya kombe la FA na aliicheza Arsenal mechi 50 pamoja na kufunga bao moja. Bao lake la kipekee la msimu wa 2004-05 lilifungwa dakika ya 90 katika mechi ya raundi ya 16 ya kombe la mabingwa barani Ulaya dhidi ya [[Bayern Munich]] ya [[Ujerumani]]. Arsenal ilipoteza mechi hiyo 3-1. ==== Msimu wa 2005-06 ==== Toure alijiimarisha kwa haraka kama mmoja wa wachezji bora wa safu ya ulinzi katika ligi kuu ya Uingereza. Alijiimarisha kama mchezaji wa kudumu katika timu ya kwanza ya Arsenal na pia kama mpenzi kwa washabiki. Katika msimu huu wa 2005-06, aliimarisha ushirikiano wa safu ya ulinzi pamoja na Philippe Senderos. Wawili hawa walikuwa na fomu Imakulata msimu huo ukielekea kuisha kwani waliisaidia timu ya Arsenal kufika fainali ya kombe la mabingwa barani Ulaya la mwaka wa 2006 baada ya Arsenal kutofungwa bao kwa mechi 10 mfululizo (rekodi ya Ulaya ya ushindani). Baada ya maonyesho yake ya kishujaa katika ligi ya mabingwa barani Ulaya, sifa yake ilipanda maradufu, kwani alikuwa sasa anaonekana kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa safu ya ulinzi duniani katika nafasi yake. Waandishi wa habari wa Kiitaliano hata walimwita Toure " Fabio Cannavaro wa Afrika" wakati Arsenal iliibandua [[Juventus]] nje ya shindano hilo. Toure alionekana kwa upana kama mmoja wa wachezaji wa safu ya ulinzi bora duniani baada ya maonyesho yake na mchezo wake katika kombe la mabingwa barani Ulaya mwaka wa 2006. Toure alifunga bao lake la pili la Ulaya tarehe 19 Aprili 2006, bao muhimu la ushindi katika nusu fainali ya kwanza ya ligi ya Mabingwa barani Ulaya dhidi ya Villarreal CF. Bao hili lilikuwa bao la mwisho la Ulaya kufungwa katika uwanja wa Highbury na pia lilikuwa bao lililoamua kwa ufanisi nusu fainali hii (Arsenal ilishinda 1-0 kwa jumla), na kuipeleka Arsenal katika fainali yake ya kwanza ya ligi ya Mabingwa barani Ulaya katka mji mkuu wa [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. ==== Msimu wa 2006/07 ==== Toure alipewa jesi la namba 5 kwa msimu wa 2006-07, ambalo halikuwa limetumiwa tangu kuondoka kwa Martin Keown. Toure alisaini mkataba mpya wa miaka minne na Arsenal ambao thamani yake ilikuwa karibu paundi (£) elfu 70 kwa wiki. Touré alisema ''"Najiona nikikaa hapa [Arsenal] kwa muda wote wa wasifu wangu"'' . ''"Kwa nini nataka kuondoka? '' ''Naipenda kandanda yangu hapa, familia yangu inaishi hapa, na klabu hii ina lengo '' '''' Licha ya Arsenal kuwa na kampeni iliyosikitisha, Touré alikuwa thabiti kama kawaida, na alikuwa katika nafasi ya tatu chuma ya [[Gilberto Silva]] na [[Cesc Fabregas]] katika tuzo la Mchezaji bora wa Arsenal wa msimu. ==== Msimu wa 2007/08 ==== [[Picha:Kolo Toure captain.JPG|thumb|upright|Toure akiwa nahodha wa Arsenal wakati wa mechi katika msimu wa 2007-08]] Touré alikuwa makamu mdogo wa nahodha katika msimu wa 2006-07 baada ya makamu wa nahodha wa zamani Gilberto Silva na nahodha wa zamani [[Thierry Henry]]. Alikuwa nahodha wa Arsenal kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 9 Januari 2007 katika ushindi wa 6-3 dhidi ya Liverpool katika kombe la Carling. Aliongoza Gunners katika fainali ya shindano hili la kombe la Carling na pia alikuwa nahodha wa Arsenal katika nusu fainali ya kwanza dhidi ya Tottenham Hotspur. Akawa mwanachama wa sasa aliyeitumikia kikosi cha Arsenal kwa muda mrefu kufuatia kuondoka kwa Jeremie Aliadiere, Thierry Henry na [[Freddie Ljungberg]] katika dirisha dogo la uhamisho la wakati wa majira wa mwaka wa 2007. Pia alikuwa nahodha wa Arsenal katika msururu wa michezo mapema katika msimu wa 2007-08 baada ya nahodha [[William Gallas]] kujeruhiwa katika mechi dhidi ya Blackburn Rovers. Alikuwa na kampeni nyingine muruwa wa 2007-08, kwani alifomu ushirikiano fanisi na mchezaji mwenzake wa safu ya ulinzi, William Gallas. Alifunga "free kick" katika mechi dhidi ya Bolton Wanderers, ambapo shoti yake ya risasi ilipita chini ya wachezaji wa Bolton na kumpita mlinda langa wa Bolton, Jussi Jääskeläinen. Hata hivyo, wakati wa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]], yeye alipata jeraha na hakucheza vizuri alilporudi rudi. Kisha akajijeruhi tena katika kombe la mabingwa barani Ulaya dhidi ya [[AC Milan]] wakati alilikinga shoti la [[Alexandre Pato]] kutumia mguu wake, na alitolewa uwanjani ndiposa apate matibabu zaidi. Toure alirejea katika timu ya kwanza dhidi ya Middlesbrough tarehe 15 Machi na alifungia Arsenal bao la kusawazisha katika dakika 10 za mwisho. Katika robo fainali ya kombe la mabingwa barani Ulaya, alicheza upande wa kulia wa safu ya ulinzi ambao haifahamu vyema, mechi ambayo Arsenal walikuwa wanatoka sare ya 2-2 na Liverpool. Lakini, katika dakika ya 86, Toure ilihukumiwa kwa kumsukuma Ryan Babel katika boksi ya penalti. [[Arsène Wenger]], hata hivyo, alimtetea Touré, kwa kusema kuwa refari alifanya uamuzi mbaya. [[Steven Gerrard]] aliichapa penalti hiyo na kutikisa wavu. Mechi hiyo ilikamilika 4-2, ushindi ukiwa wa Liverpool kutokana na bao la Babel wakati wa muda wa ziada. ==== Msimu wa 2008/09 ==== Tarehe 1 Januari 2009, Toure alidai kuwa alitaka kuihama Arsenal baada ya ugomvi baina yake na mchezaji mwenzake wa safu ya ulinzi William Gallas. Iliripotiwa kuwa alitoa ombi la uhamisho ambalo baadaye lilikataliwa na mwenyekiti wa Arsenal, Peter Hill-Wood. Hata hivyo, Touré alibadilisha uamuzi wake kwa muda mfupi na kuonyesha nia yake ya Gunners angalau hadi msimu ulipokamilika. === Manchester City === ==== Msimu wa 2009/10 ==== Baada ya uvumi mwingi wa uhamisho, ilitangazwa mnamo 28 Julai 2009 kwamba Manchester City ilikubali kumnunua Kolo Toure kwa ada ya paundi (£) milioni 14. Baada ya kufanikiwa kupita kwa matibabu katika Manchester tarehe 29 Julai 2009, Toure alisaini mkataba wa miaka minne Manchester City ambayo ina chaguo la kuendeleza kwa zaidi ya miaka 5. Manchester City, ambayo ilimaliza katika nafasi ya 9 msimu uliyopita, ilikuwa imewatia saini wachezji wa kiwango cha juu katika maandalizi kwa msimu wa 2009-10, na Touré anatarajia kuisaidia City kuwa katika nafasi moja ya nne za kwanza ya ligi kuu ya Uingereza. Hivi karibuni aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa klabu hiyo na meneja wa hapo awali, Mark Hughes. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza la Manchester City katika ushinda wa 2-1 dhidi ya Fulham tarehe 23 Septemba 2009 katika mechi ya Kombe la Carling. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza la ligi la Manchester City dhidi ya Burnley tarehe 7 Novemba 2009. == Wasifu wa Kimataifa == Toure ameichezea nchi ya [[Cote d'Ivoire]] tangu mwaka wa 2000. Mechi yake ya kwanza ilikuwa mnamo Aprili 2000 dhidi ya Rwanda. Yeye ni chaguo la kwanza la mchezaji wa kati katika safu ya ulinzi. Alicheza mechi zote tano za Cote d'Ivoire lakini walibanduliwa nje ya Kombe hilo na wenyeji [[Misri]] mnamo Januari 2006. Alitajwa katika kikosi cha watu 23 kilichochukuliwa na kocha Henri Michel kwenda kushiriki katika kombe la dunia la mwaka wa 2006 na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika Kombe la Dunia tarehe 11 Juni 2006, mechi ambayo Cote d'Ivoire ilipoteza 1-2 dhidi ya [[Ajentina]]. Ameifungia Ivory Coast mabao mawili kwa mechi sabini alizozichezea hadi sasa, yote kutumia kichwa dhidi ya [[Gabon]] (Nyumbani) na Tajikistan (Ugenini) mtawalia. === Mabao ya kimataifa === {| class="wikitable" ! # ! Tarehe!! ! Ukumbi ! Mpinzani ! Mabao!! ! FT Result ! Mashindano |- | 1 | 8 Oktoba 2002 | Abidjan, Ivory Coast | Gambia | '''3''' -0 | 5-0 (Win) | 2008 Afrika ya Kombe la Mataifa ya kufuzu |- | 2 | 25 Juni 2003 | Dushanbe, Tajikistan | Tajikistan | '''1-2''' | 1-8 (Win) | Maonyesho mchezo |} == Mbinu ya kucheza == Touré anajulikana kwa kasi na nguvu yake, ambazo humwezesha kuwatoa washambulizi dhaifu kutoka kwa mpira na kupambana na washumbilizi wenye mbio. Ana uwezo mzuri wa kumshika mpinzani na makabiliano mengi huwa wa wakati muafaka nah hii imechangia rekodi yake nzuri ya nidhamu. Ingawa ni mfupi kama mchezaji wa kati wa safu ya ulinzi, yeye huruka juu sana. == Takwimu ya Wasifu == :''(Correct kama ya 25 Agosti 2009)'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="3"|Cup* !colspan="3"|Europe !colspan="3"|Total |- !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists !Apps !Goals !Assists |- |rowspan="8" valign="centre"|Arsenal |[[2002-03 in English football|2002–03]] |26||2||1||7||0||0||7||0||0||40||2||1 |- |2003–04 |37||1||1||8||2||0||10||0||0||55||3||1 |- |2004–05 |35||0||0||7||0||0||8||1||0||50||1||0 |- |2005–06 |33||0||0||1||0||0||12||1||1||46||1||1 |-https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/w/index.php?title=Kolo_Tour%C3%A9&action=edit&section=15 |2006–07 |35||3||3||8||1||1||10||0||0||53||4||4 |- |2007–08 |30||2||3||2||0||1||9||0||0||41||2||4 |- |2008–09 |29||1||1||3||0||0||9||0||0||41||1||1 |- !Total !225!!9!!9!!36!!3!!2!!65!!2!!1!!326!!14!!12 |- |rowspan="2" valign="centre"|Manchester City |2009–10 |14||1||0||2||1||0||0||0||0||16||2||1 |- !|Jumla !14!!1!!0!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!16!!2!!1 |- !colspan="2"|Career total !239!!10!!9!!38!!4!!2!!65!!2!!1!!342!!17!!13 |- |} <small>(* FA Cup, Kombe la Carling na Community Shield)</small> == Maisha ya Kibinafsi. == Kolo Toure ni Mwislamu. Yeye ni kakaze wa Yaya Toure wa FC Barcelona na Ibrahim Touré ambaye ni mshambuliaji wa Al-Ittihad. == Tuzo == ==== Mimosas ==== * Côte d'Ivoire Premier Division: 2001, 2002 ==== Arsenal ==== Mshindi * FA Premier League: 2003-04 * Kombe la FA: 2007, 2009 * FA Community Shield: 2002, 2004 Nafasi ya pili * Ligi kuu ya Mabingwa barani Ulaya : 2005-06 * Ligi kuu ya Uingereza: 2002-03, 2004-05 * Kombe ya Carling:2003 * FA Community Sheld (2): 2003, 2005 ==== Kimataifa ==== Nafasi ya pili * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: 2006 == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/kolo-toure Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/kolo-toure |date=20081217021616 }} saa Arsenal.com * {{soccerbase|id=27346|name=Kolo Touré}} * [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/searchresults.asp?ButtonLeap=0&amp;countryLinkDescription=+matching+search+results&amp;FootballHeroName=kolo+toure&amp;FootballHeroClubCountry=&amp;FootballHeroDecade=Select+One&amp;SearchButton=Search Stats na photos] saa Sporting Heroes {{Côte d'Ivoire Squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Côte d'Ivoire Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{Côte d'Ivoire Squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Manchester City F.C. squad}} {{Persondata | name= Touré, Kolo Abib | alternative names= Touré, Kolo | short description= | date of birth= 1981-03-19 | place of birth= [[Sokoura Bouake]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] | date of death= | place of death= }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toure, Kolo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Jamii:Waislamu]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa ASEC Mimosas]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Arsenal FC]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Manchester City FC]] sp1i2193z0a11pk8e951oecct7p2ibt 0 55813 1550749 1533545 2026-05-26T09:37:01Z ~2026-31396-48 89706 /* */ 1550749 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:San Justino de Jacobis.jpg|thumb|Mt. Justino de Jacobis]] '''Justino de Jacobis''' ([[San Fele]], [[Potenza]], [[Italia]], [[9 Oktoba]] [[1800]] - [[Eidale]], [[Massawa]], [[31 Julai]] [[1860]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[Shirika la Misheni]] ([[Wavinsenti]]), halafu [[askofu]] na [[mmisionari]] nchini [[Ethiopia]] na [[Eritrea]]. [[Picha:94Santuario de San Vicente de Paul Parish 03.jpg|thumb|Sanamu ya Mtakatifu Justin de Jacobis kwenye Santuario de San Vicente de Paul Parish.]] Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] tangu tarehe [[26 Oktoba]] [[1975]]. Hata [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wengine na [[Waislamu]] wanatembelea [[kaburi]] lake kwa [[heshima]].<ref name="killion">Tom Killion, ''Historical Dictionary of Eritrea'', The Scarecrow Press, 1998, ISBN 0810834375</ref> [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[31 Julai]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref><ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giustino-de-jacobis/</ref>. ==Maisha== Akiwa [[mtoto]] wa saba wa Giovanni Battista de Jacobis na wa Maria Giuseppina Muccia, tarehe [[17 Oktoba]] [[1818]] alijiunga na [[utawa]] huko [[Napoli]] akaweka [[nadhiri]] miaka miwili kamili baadaye. Ingawa kwa [[unyenyekevu]] wake mkubwa alitaka kukataa, alipata [[upadrisho]] huko [[Brindisi]] tarehe [[12 Juni]] [[1824]]. Kisha kufanya [[uchungaji]] huko [[Oria]] na [[Monopoli]], alifanywa mkuu wa kanda katika shirika lake kwanza [[Lecce]] halafu Napoli. Huko alijitosa kuhudumia waliopatwa na [[kipindupindu]] mwaka [[1836]]. Akiwa huko alielezwa na [[Kardinali]] Franzoni juu ya haja ya [[umisionari]] nchini Ethiopia. Mwaka [[1839]] alichaguliwa kuwa [[mkuu wa kitume]] nchini huko ili aanzishe [[misheni]] [[katoliki]]. Kwa [[upole]] na wingi wa [[upendo]] wake, Justino alijitahidi kujifunza vizuri [[lugha]] za nchi, kuishi pamoja na wenyeji, akifuata [[utamaduni]] wao na mifano ya [[wamonaki]] wao. Vilevile katika [[uinjilishaji]] alitumia [[mapokeo]] na [[liturujia ya Ethiopia]], akiweka [[msingi]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki la Waethiopia]] na wa [[Kanisa Katoliki la Waeritrea]]. Baada ya kufanya [[kazi]] hiyo kwa mafanikio makubwa miaka minane, mwaka [[1847]] aliteuliwa kuwa askofu wa [[Delas|Nilopolis]] na [[makamu wa Papa]] kwa [[Uhabeshi]], ila alikataa [[uaskofu]] hadi alipolazimika mwaka [[1849]]. Ingawa alipaswa kuvumilia [[njaa]] na [[kiu]] na kupata mapingamizi mengi hasa kutoka kwa [[Abuna Salama II]], [[askofu mkuu]] wa [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia]] (kufungwa, kufukuzwa n.k.), alifaulu kuanzisha misheni na [[shule]] nyingi hasa kwa lengo la kuandaa mapadri wenyeji<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/33850</ref>. Hatimaye askofu mkuu huyo alikiri kwamba hakuna mtu aliyewahi kushika vizuri maagizo na mashauri ya [[Injili]] kuliko Justino. Kati ya watu 12,000 hivi aliowaongoa, mmojawapo ni [[mwenyeheri]] [[Ghebre Mikaeli]]. ==Heshima baada ya kifo== [[Kesi]] ya kumtangaza [[mwenye heri]] ilianza tarehe [[13 Julai]] [[1904]], ikamalizika tarehe [[25 Julai]] [[1939]] chini ya [[Papa Pius XII]]. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Paulo VI]] kuwa mtakatifu tarehe [[26 Oktoba]] [[1975]], akiwa wa kwanza kati ya wamisionari wa [[Afrika]] [[kusini kwa Sahara]]. ==[[Mlolongo wa kitume]]== *[[Kardinali]] [[Scipione Rebiba]] *Kardinali [[Giulio Antonio Santorio]] *Kardinali [[Girolamo Bernerio]], O.P. *[[Askofu mkuu]] [[Galeazzo Sanvitale]] *Kardinali [[Ludovico Ludovisi]] *Kardinali [[Luigi Caetani]] *Kardinali [[Ulderico Carpegna]] *Kardinali [[Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni]] *[[Papa Benedikto XIII]], O.P. *[[Papa Benedikto XIV]] *[[Papa Klementi XIII]] *Kardinali [[Bernardino Giraud]] *Kardinali [[Alessandro Mattei]] *Kardinali [[Pietro Francesco Galleffi]] *Kardinali [[Giacomo Filippo Fransoni]] *Kardinali [[Guglielmo Massaia]], O.F.M. Cap. *Askofu '''Giustino de Jacobis''', C.M. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi== <references/> ==Marejeo== *Mkusanyo wa maandishi yake - Giuseppe Guerra - Ed. Vincenziani (kwa [[Kiitalia]]). *Devin, A., (Traduzione inglese di Lady Elizabeth Herbert of Lea), ''Abyssinia and its Apostle'', Burns and Oates, London, 1867 *Antonio Furioli, ''L'eucaristia, epifania di dialogo e di comunione. Sua esemplarità in San Giustino de Jacobis'' in ''Rivista di ascetica e mistica'', 75 (aprile-giugno 2006) 2, 213-228. *Antonio Furioli, ''Il frutto più prezioso dell'apostolato di San Giustino de Jacobis. Il Beato Gabra Mikā’ēl (1791-1855), martire per la fede in Abissinia'' in ''Rivista di ascetica e mistica'', 75 (luglio-settembre 2006) 3, 385-403. *Antonio Furioli, ''Vangelo e testimonianza. L'esperienza di San Giustino de Jacobis in Abissinia (1839-1860)'', Milano, San Paolo, 2008. == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2002-06/28-6/Ens_P6_75_04.htm#_Toc13036572 Hotuba ya [[Papa Paulo VI]] katika kumtangaza mtakatifu] *[http://www.archive.org/details/abyssiniaanditsa00dejauoft|on-line edition of A. Devin] Maisha yake *[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0731.htm#just Saints of July 31: Giustino de Jacobis] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0731.htm#just |date=20080622050303 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1800]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1860]] [[Jamii:Wavinsenti]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Wamisionari]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ethiopia]] [[category:Watakatifu wa Eritrea]] [[Jamii:Ukristo nchini Ethiopia]] c8dbw7rfqyihydrdz1hefnu0ycsqk60 0 72796 1550696 1427493 2026-05-26T08:05:26Z ~2026-31388-39 89705 /* */ 1550696 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Picha== [[Picha]] za [[Yesu Kristo]] zilitokeza mapema kwa namna nyingine jinsi [[Ukristo]] ulivyosogea mbali na [[Uyahudi]] uliopinga [[uchoraji]] wa [[Mungu]] na viumbe vyake kwa jumla. Kwanza Yesu hakuchorwa, ila aliwakilishwa na [[ishara]] mbalimbali, kama vile [[samaki]] (kwa [[Kigiriki]] [[jina]] la samaki lilitumika kwa kuchukua kile [[herufi]] yake kama mwanzo wa neno zima lililomhusu: Yesu Kristo [[Mwana wa Mungu]] [[Mwokozi]]), [[Mchungaji mwema]], [[Mfalme]], [[Mwalimu]]. Baadaye alianza kuchorwa kama [[kijana]] asiye na [[ndevu]] (hadi [[karne VI]], lakini kuanzia [[karne IV]] hata akiwa na ndevu na [[nywele]] ndefu kama ilivyozoeleka zaidi baadaye. Kutokana na mabishano ya [[karne VII]] na [[karne VIII]] kuhusu uhalali wa picha, katika [[Ukristo wa mashariki]] namna ya kumchora iliratibiwa. Kumbe katika [[Ukristo wa magharibi]] [[Karne za Kati]] zilileta mwelekeo mpya, wa [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]] zaidi, hasa kwa kufuata mvuto wa [[imani]] kwa Yesu wa [[historia]], yaani jinsi alivyoishi [[duniani]]. Hatimaye katika [[Renaissance]] Kristo alianza kuchorwa kama kielelezo cha [[mtu]] mkamilifu hata upande wa [[sura]]. ==Mifano ya michoro== <gallery> Image:Christ with beard.jpg|[[Mchoro wa ukutani]] katika [[handaki la Commodilla]] ukiwa katika ya ile ya kwanza kumuonyesha Yesu ana ndevu, mwisho wa [[karne ya 4]]. Image:Christ pantocrator daphne1090-1100.jpg|Kristo [[Pantokrator]] ya [[karne ya 11]]. Image:AberdeenBestiaryFolio004vChristInMajesty.jpg|[[Kristo katika utukufu]], bila ndevu, [[Uingereza]], [[karne ya 12]]. Image:Jesus Coat of Arms 1.jpg|Yesu kama [[shujaa]] wa [[vita]]. Image:Baptism-christ.jpg|''[[Ubatizo wa Yesu]]'', kadiri ya [[Piero della Francesca]], [[1449]]. Image:Kristus som den lidende frelser.jpg|Kristo kama [[Mtu wa Mateso]] kadiri ya [[Andrea Mantegna]]. Image:Ethiopia_African_potrayal_of_Jesus.JPG|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Yesu na [[Bikira Maria|Maria]] kadiri ya [[mapokeo]] ya [[Ethiopia]]. Image:Follower of Ribera - Christ among the Doctors.jpg|[[Mtoto Yesu]] akiwa [[Hekalu la Yerusalemu|hekaluni]] kadiri ya [[José Ribera]]. Image:PortAuPrinceMural.jpg|Ubatizo wa Yesu katika [[mazingira]] ya [[Haiti]], [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]]. File:Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg|''Touchdown Jesus'' karibu na [[Hesburgh Library]]. File:Pietro Perugino 040.jpg|[[Mchoro]] wa [[Pietro Perugino]], aina ya [[Stabat Mater]]'', [[1482]]. File:Transfiguration by Lodovico Carracci.jpg|Yesu [[Kugeuka sura]] kadiri ya [[Lodovico Carracci]], [[1594]]. File:Titian 1558 Ancona Crucifixion.jpg|[[Msalaba wa Yesu|Kristo akisulubiwa]] kadiri ya [[Titian]]. File:Trevisani baptism christ.JPG|Mchoro wa [[Francesco Trevisani]] kuhusu ubatizo wa Yesu, [[1723]]. File:Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg|[[Ufufuko wa Yesu]] kadiri ya [[Noel Coypel]], [[1700]]. File:Christ, the Pantocrator.jpg|Picha takatifu ya Pantokrator kutoka [[Russia]] ya [[karne ya 19]]. File:Enrique Simonet - Cabeza de Jesús.jpg|''[[Kichwa]] cha Yesu'' ([[1890]]) kadiri ya [[Enrique Simonet]]. File:Christ All Mercy (13 c.).jpg|Picha takatifu ya [[Kiorthodoksi]] ya "Kristo Mwenye Huruma". </gallery> ==Mifano ya sanamu== <gallery> File:SalvadorDelMundo.jpg|[[Mwokozi]] wa [[ulimwengu]], mjini [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]]. File:CristoreiPortugal.jpg|[[Kristo Mfalme]] huko [[Ureno]]. File:Cristo_Redentor_Rio_de_Janeiro_4.jpg|[[Kristo Mkombozi]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. File:Statua chrystus król.jpg|[[Kristo Mfalme]] huko [[Świebodzin]], [[Polandi]]. File:Chartres2006 092.jpg|[[Kristo katika utukufu]], [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Chartres]], [[Ufaransa]]. File:Cristo de la Concordia 02.jpg|''[[Cristo de la Concordia]]'' huko [[Bolivia]], inayodaiwa kuwa [[sanamu]] ya Yesu iliyo kubwa kuliko zote zilizowahi kutengenezwa. File:Cristo del Otero (Palencia).jpg|[[Cristo del Otero]], [[Palencia]], [[Hispania]]. File:Statua lignea di Gesu ad Oropa.jpg|Sanamu katika [[Patakatifu]] pa [[Oropa]], [[Italia]]. File:Cristo Redentor de los Andes.jpg|Kristo Mkombozi wa [[Andes]], katika [[milima]] ya [[Chile]] na [[Argentina]]. File:Thorvaldsen Christus.jpg|Kristo kadiri ya [[Bertel Thorvaldsen]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Udani]]. File:Infant Jesus of Prague.jpg|[[Mtoto Yesu]] wa [[Praha]], [[Ucheki]]. File: Lux Mundi, the sculpture of Jesus at Solid Rock Church.jpg |Yesu ''[[Mwanga wa Dunia]]'', kadiri ya [[Tom Tsuchiya]], [[2012]].<ref name=WCPO>{{cite news|work=WCPO|title=Construction progressing on new Jesus statue along I-75|date=15 June 2012|url=http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/news/region_north_cincinnati/monroe/Construction-to-begin-on-new-Jesus-statue-along-I-75#ixzz1y1CWlU3h|accessdate=7 September 2012|archivedate=2013-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629192543/http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/news/region_north_cincinnati/monroe/Construction-to-begin-on-new-Jesus-statue-along-I-75#ixzz1y1CWlU3h}}</ref> </gallery> ==Mifano mingine== <gallery> Image:ChristAsSol.jpg|[[Mozaiki]] ya [[karne ya 3]] ikimuonyesha Yesu kama [[Jua]] lisiloshindika katika ''[[Mahandaki ya Vatikano]]'' chini ya [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]]. File:Christ Pantocrator, Church of the Holy Sepulchre.png|[[Mozaiki]] ya [[Kristo]] [[Pantokrator]] katika [[Kanisa la Kaburi na Ufufuo wa Yesu]] huko [[Yerusalemu]]. File:Jesus-Christ-from-Hagia-Sophia.jpg|Mozaiki ya Pantokrator katika [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Uturuki]]. Image:Solidus-Justinian II-Christ b-sb1413.jpg|Yesu katika [[sarafu]] ya [[Bizanti]] ya [[karne ya 8]]. File:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass GoodShepherd-frame crop.jpg|[[Kioo cha rangi]] cha Yesu [[Mchungaji mwema]] huko [[St John's Ashfield]]. </gallery> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Iconography of Jesus Christ}} * [http://www.shroudstory.com/art.htm Pictures of Jesus Perhaps Derived from the Shroud of Turin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shroudstory.com/art.htm |date=20120304220324 }} December 2005 * [http://www.godweb.org/sallman.htm Warner Sallman's Head of Christ: An American Icon] * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/mar/27/broadcasting.uknews2 Is this the real face of Jesus Christ?] * [http://www.pallasweb.com/deesis Images of Christ – the Deesis Mosaic of Hagia Sophia] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Category:Yesu Kristo]] [[Category:Sanaa]] [[Jamii:Uchoraji]] [[Jamii:Uchongaji]] kx713njxuexc1mhmoas9jn3w8u7lfnq 1550732 1550696 2026-05-26T08:40:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31388-39|~2026-31388-39]] ([[User talk:~2026-31388-39|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] 1427493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:La Pietà.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sanamu]] ya [[marumaru]] maarufu kama [[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]] ya [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] inamuonyesha Yesu akiwa [[maiti]] [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[Bikira Maria]].]] {{Yesu Kristo}} {{Ukristo}} '''[[Yesu]] katika [[sanaa]]''' mbalimbali ameshika nafasi kubwa katika [[uchoraji]], [[uchongaji]], [[muziki]] n.k. vya [[milenia]] [[mbili]] tangu [[Krismasi|azaliwe]]. ==Picha== [[Picha]] za [[Yesu Kristo]] zilitokeza mapema kwa namna nyingine jinsi [[Ukristo]] ulivyosogea mbali na [[Uyahudi]] uliopinga [[uchoraji]] wa [[Mungu]] na viumbe vyake kwa jumla. Kwanza Yesu hakuchorwa, ila aliwakilishwa na [[ishara]] mbalimbali, kama vile [[samaki]] (kwa [[Kigiriki]] [[jina]] la samaki lilitumika kwa kuchukua kile [[herufi]] yake kama mwanzo wa neno zima lililomhusu: Yesu Kristo [[Mwana wa Mungu]] [[Mwokozi]]), [[Mchungaji mwema]], [[Mfalme]], [[Mwalimu]]. Baadaye alianza kuchorwa kama [[kijana]] asiye na [[ndevu]] (hadi [[karne VI]], lakini kuanzia [[karne IV]] hata akiwa na ndevu na [[nywele]] ndefu kama ilivyozoeleka zaidi baadaye. Kutokana na mabishano ya [[karne VII]] na [[karne VIII]] kuhusu uhalali wa picha, katika [[Ukristo wa mashariki]] namna ya kumchora iliratibiwa. Kumbe katika [[Ukristo wa magharibi]] [[Karne za Kati]] zilileta mwelekeo mpya, wa [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]] zaidi, hasa kwa kufuata mvuto wa [[imani]] kwa Yesu wa [[historia]], yaani jinsi alivyoishi [[duniani]]. Hatimaye katika [[Renaissance]] Kristo alianza kuchorwa kama kielelezo cha [[mtu]] mkamilifu hata upande wa [[sura]]. ==Mifano ya michoro== <gallery> Image:Christ with beard.jpg|[[Mchoro wa ukutani]] katika [[handaki la Commodilla]] ukiwa katika ya ile ya kwanza kumuonyesha Yesu ana ndevu, mwisho wa [[karne ya 4]]. Image:Christ pantocrator daphne1090-1100.jpg|Kristo [[Pantokrator]] ya [[karne ya 11]]. Image:AberdeenBestiaryFolio004vChristInMajesty.jpg|[[Kristo katika utukufu]], bila ndevu, [[Uingereza]], [[karne ya 12]]. Image:Jesus Coat of Arms 1.jpg|Yesu kama [[shujaa]] wa [[vita]]. Image:Baptism-christ.jpg|''[[Ubatizo wa Yesu]]'', kadiri ya [[Piero della Francesca]], [[1449]]. Image:Kristus som den lidende frelser.jpg|Kristo kama [[Mtu wa Mateso]] kadiri ya [[Andrea Mantegna]]. Image:Ethiopia_African_potrayal_of_Jesus.JPG|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Yesu na [[Bikira Maria|Maria]] kadiri ya [[mapokeo]] ya [[Ethiopia]]. Image:Follower of Ribera - Christ among the Doctors.jpg|[[Mtoto Yesu]] akiwa [[Hekalu la Yerusalemu|hekaluni]] kadiri ya [[José Ribera]]. Image:PortAuPrinceMural.jpg|Ubatizo wa Yesu katika [[mazingira]] ya [[Haiti]], [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]]. File:Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg|''Touchdown Jesus'' karibu na [[Hesburgh Library]]. File:Pietro Perugino 040.jpg|[[Mchoro]] wa [[Pietro Perugino]], aina ya [[Stabat Mater]]'', [[1482]]. File:Transfiguration by Lodovico Carracci.jpg|Yesu [[Kugeuka sura]] kadiri ya [[Lodovico Carracci]], [[1594]]. File:Titian 1558 Ancona Crucifixion.jpg|[[Msalaba wa Yesu|Kristo akisulubiwa]] kadiri ya [[Titian]]. File:Trevisani baptism christ.JPG|Mchoro wa [[Francesco Trevisani]] kuhusu ubatizo wa Yesu, [[1723]]. File:Noel-coypel-the-resurrection-of-christ-1700.jpg|[[Ufufuko wa Yesu]] kadiri ya [[Noel Coypel]], [[1700]]. File:Christ, the Pantocrator.jpg|Picha takatifu ya Pantokrator kutoka [[Russia]] ya [[karne ya 19]]. File:Enrique Simonet - Cabeza de Jesús.jpg|''[[Kichwa]] cha Yesu'' ([[1890]]) kadiri ya [[Enrique Simonet]]. File:Christ All Mercy (13 c.).jpg|Picha takatifu ya [[Kiorthodoksi]] ya "Kristo Mwenye Huruma". </gallery> ==Mifano ya sanamu== <gallery> File:SalvadorDelMundo.jpg|[[Mwokozi]] wa [[ulimwengu]], mjini [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]]. File:CristoreiPortugal.jpg|[[Kristo Mfalme]] huko [[Ureno]]. File:Cristo_Redentor_Rio_de_Janeiro_4.jpg|[[Kristo Mkombozi]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. File:Statua chrystus król.jpg|[[Kristo Mfalme]] huko [[Świebodzin]], [[Polandi]]. File:Chartres2006 092.jpg|[[Kristo katika utukufu]], [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Chartres]], [[Ufaransa]]. File:Cristo de la Concordia 02.jpg|''[[Cristo de la Concordia]]'' huko [[Bolivia]], inayodaiwa kuwa [[sanamu]] ya Yesu iliyo kubwa kuliko zote zilizowahi kutengenezwa. File:Cristo del Otero (Palencia).jpg|[[Cristo del Otero]], [[Palencia]], [[Hispania]]. File:Statua lignea di Gesu ad Oropa.jpg|Sanamu katika [[Patakatifu]] pa [[Oropa]], [[Italia]]. File:Cristo Redentor de los Andes.jpg|Kristo Mkombozi wa [[Andes]], katika [[milima]] ya [[Chile]] na [[Argentina]]. File:Thorvaldsen Christus.jpg|Kristo kadiri ya [[Bertel Thorvaldsen]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Udani]]. File:Infant Jesus of Prague.jpg|[[Mtoto Yesu]] wa [[Praha]], [[Ucheki]]. File: Lux Mundi, the sculpture of Jesus at Solid Rock Church.jpg |Yesu ''[[Mwanga wa Dunia]]'', kadiri ya [[Tom Tsuchiya]], [[2012]].<ref name=WCPO>{{cite news|work=WCPO|title=Construction progressing on new Jesus statue along I-75|date=15 June 2012|url=http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/news/region_north_cincinnati/monroe/Construction-to-begin-on-new-Jesus-statue-along-I-75#ixzz1y1CWlU3h|accessdate=7 September 2012|archivedate=2013-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629192543/http://www.wcpo.com/dpp/news/region_north_cincinnati/monroe/Construction-to-begin-on-new-Jesus-statue-along-I-75#ixzz1y1CWlU3h}}</ref> </gallery> ==Mifano mingine== <gallery> Image:ChristAsSol.jpg|[[Mozaiki]] ya [[karne ya 3]] ikimuonyesha Yesu kama [[Jua]] lisiloshindika katika ''[[Mahandaki ya Vatikano]]'' chini ya [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]]. File:Christ Pantocrator, Church of the Holy Sepulchre.png|[[Mozaiki]] ya [[Kristo]] [[Pantokrator]] katika [[Kanisa la Kaburi na Ufufuo wa Yesu]] huko [[Yerusalemu]]. File:Jesus-Christ-from-Hagia-Sophia.jpg|Mozaiki ya Pantokrator katika [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Uturuki]]. Image:Solidus-Justinian II-Christ b-sb1413.jpg|Yesu katika [[sarafu]] ya [[Bizanti]] ya [[karne ya 8]]. File:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass GoodShepherd-frame crop.jpg|[[Kioo cha rangi]] cha Yesu [[Mchungaji mwema]] huko [[St John's Ashfield]]. </gallery> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Iconography of Jesus Christ}} * [http://www.shroudstory.com/art.htm Pictures of Jesus Perhaps Derived from the Shroud of Turin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shroudstory.com/art.htm |date=20120304220324 }} December 2005 * [http://www.godweb.org/sallman.htm Warner Sallman's Head of Christ: An American Icon] * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2001/mar/27/broadcasting.uknews2 Is this the real face of Jesus Christ?] * [http://www.pallasweb.com/deesis Images of Christ – the Deesis Mosaic of Hagia Sophia] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Category:Yesu Kristo]] [[Category:Sanaa]] [[Jamii:Uchoraji]] [[Jamii:Uchongaji]] eest38tis9vz5fdjqs4fntgdythttm9 3 89634 1550450 1550214 2026-05-25T21:52:55Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-22 */ mjadala mpya 1550450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. 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Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results]] is available for translation. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:03, 30 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+elections%2F2024%2FVoter+eligibility+guidelines&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. 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Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. 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Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:17, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> ==Demo== Ndugu, makala ulizoanzisha kama kielelezo hazina ubora hata kidogo. Mkifundisha hivi, tutapata kurasa za kapuni. Naomba muangalie vizuri. Amina kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Tayari makala mbovu zimeshaanza kumiminika. Tafadhali, mwazuie haraka!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:43, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa kabisa tutachukua hatua kuanzia leo, kulikua na tatizo kidogo wakati wa mafunzo umeme ulikatika kabla hatuja waeleza vyote '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:37, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> huywymywbljuxe463uihh5l7qzbap21 0 94743 1550372 1466510 2026-05-25T15:46:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Mani, the prophet.jpg|thumb|200px|Maandishi yanasema, ''maˀnī ˀizgaddā dnuhrā'', "Mani, mjumbe wa mwanga"]] '''Mani''' (kwa [[Kifarsi]] مانی, ''Māni''; [[Ctesiphon]] (leo nchini [[Iraq]])<ref name=ICS>{{citation|last=Taraporewala|first=I.J.S.|title=Manichaeism|publisher=Iran Chamber Society|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism2.php|accessdate=2015-01-12|archive-date=2023-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212014412/https://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism2.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>, [[216]] – [[Gundeshapur]] (leo nchini [[Iran]]), [[274]] hivi) alikuwa [[mtu]] wa [[karne ya 3]]<ref>{{citation | first = Mary | last = Boyce | title = Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices | publisher = Routledge | year = 2001 | page = 111 | quote = He was Iranian, of noble Parthian blood...}}</ref><ref>{{citation | first = Warwick | last = Ball | title = Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire | publisher = Routledge | year = 2001 | page = 437 | quote = Manichaeism was a syncretic religion, proclaimed by the Iranian Prophet Mani}}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Sundermann | first = Werner | title = Mani, the founder of the religion of Manicheism in the 3rd century AD | encyclopedia = Iranica | year = 2009 | publisher = Sundermann | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mani-founder-manicheism | quote = According to the Fehrest, Mani was of Arsacid stock on both his father’s and his mother’s sides, at least if the readings al-ḥaskāniya (Mani’s father) and al-asʿāniya (Mani’s mother) are corrected to al-aškāniya and al-ašḡāniya (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, ll. 2 and 3) respectively. The forefathers of Mani’s father are said to have been from Hamadan and so perhaps of Iranian origin (ed. Flügel, 1862, p. 49, 5–6). The Chinese Compendium, which makes the father a local king, maintains that his mother was from the house Jinsajian, explained by Henning as the Armenian Arsacid family of Kamsarakan (Henning, 1943, p. 52, n. 4 = 1977, II, p. 115). Is that fact, or fiction, or both? The historicity of this tradition is assumed by most, but the possibility that Mani’s noble Arsacid background is legendary cannot be ruled out (cf. Scheftelowitz, 1933, pp. 403–4). In any case, it is characteristic that Mani took pride in his origin from time-honored Babel, but never claimed affiliation to the Iranian upper class.}}</ref><ref>{{citation | first = Alessandro | last = Bausani | title = Religion in Iran: from Zoroaster to Baha'ullah | publisher = Bibliotheca Persica Press | year = 2000 | page = 80 | quote = We are now certain that Mani was of Iranian stock on both his father's and his mother's side}}.</ref>, aliyeanzisha [[dini]] ya [[Umani]], ambayo kwa sasa haipo tena. Kati ya [[vitabu]] vyake muhimu zaidi ni [[Saba (namba)|saba]]<ref name= "Henning">Henning, W.B., ''The Book of Giants'', BSOAS, Vol. XI, Part 1, 1943, pp. 52–74: ''"...Mani, who was brought up and spent most of his life in a province of the Persian empire, and whose mother belonged to a famous Parthian family, did not make any use of the Iranian mythological tradition. There can no longer be any doubt that the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān, etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition, written by Mani in the Syriac language."''</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Wamandayo]] *[[Injili ya Mani]] *[[Arzhang]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Asmussen, Jes Peter, comp., ''Manichaean Literature: Representative Texts, Chiefly from Middle Persian and Parthian Writings'', 1975, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, {{ISBN|978-0-8201-1141-4}}. *Alexander Böhlig, 'Manichäismus' in: ''[[Theologische Realenzyklopädie]]'' 22 (1992), 25–45. * [[Amin Maalouf]], ''The Gardens of Light'' [Les Jardins de Lumière], translated from French by Dorothy S. Blair, 242 p. (Interlink Publishing Group, New York, 2007). {{ISBN|1-56656-248-1}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/religion/manichaeism/manichaeism.html Manichaeist art - University of Washington] * [http://www.ritmanlibrary.nl/c/p/h/bel_14.html "Mani and Manichaeism in the J.R.Ritman Library"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ritmanlibrary.nl/c/p/h/bel_14.html |date=20051018172257 }} * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/giants/giants.htm The Book of the Giants] by [[W.B. Henning]], 1943 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081223141441/http://www4.nau.edu/manichaean/acta.htm Acta Archelai] {{mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mani}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 216]] [[Category:Waliofariki 274]] [[Jamii:Manabii]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uajemi]] [[jamii:Umani]] 5cutoqe4uxjdcvw2vuadkv8wite6exq 0 121373 1550362 1289143 2026-05-25T13:51:37Z Makenzis 34368 /* Wachezaji */ Kikosi cha sasa( mwaka 2020) 1550362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Fenerbahçe - Cagliari Calcio 20170807 (192).jpg|right|frameless|354x354px]] '''Cagliari Calcio''' (maarufu kama '''Cagliari'''; [[matamshi]] ya [[Kiitalia]]: [ˈkaʎʎari]) ni [[klabu]] ya [[mpira wa miguu]] huko [[Italia]]. Klabu hii kwa sasa inacheza katika [[Serie A]]. Uchezaji bora wa klabu hiyo [[Ulaya]] ulionekana kwenye mashindano ya kuwania [[UEFA|Kombe la UEFA]] la mwaka 1993-94, ilitolewa na klabu ya [[Inter milan]] katika hatua ya [[nusu fainali]]. == Historia == === Kabla ya Serie A === [[Picha:1930–31 Club Sportivo Cagliari.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Klabu ya Cagliari (mwaka 1930-1931)]] Cagliari walikuwa mabingwa wa kwanza wa [[Serie C]] wakati wa msimu wa mwaka 1951-52; kabla ya hapo kwenye ligi, ubingwa ulishirikisha timu zaidi ya moja. Mnamo miaka ya 1950 Cagliari ilipandishwa Serie B. Mnamo mwaka 1954 walishushwa na kupelekwa Serie C kwa sababu ya kushuka kiwango cha uchezaji. Baada ya kushuka kwenye Serie C mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1960, Cagliari iliongeza kasi na ubora wa uchezaji na hatimaye ikafanikiwa kupandishwa kwenye [[Serie A]] mnamo mwaka [[1964]]. == Uwanja == [[Picha:Stadio Sant'Elia -Cagliari -Italy-23Oct2008 crop.jpg|thumb|341x341px|Klabu ya Cagliari ilicheza katika uwanja wa '''Stadio Sant'Elia''' mwaka 1970-2017]] Klabu ya Cagliari ilihama kutoka katika uwanja wa [[Stadio Amsicora]] kwenda katika uwanja wa [[Stadio Sant'Elia]] mnamo mwaka [[1970]], baada ya kushinda taji lao pekee la [[ligi]]. Mizozano na baraza la mji juu ya ukarabati wa uwanja ilimaanisha kuwa Cagliari alicheza michezo yao ya mwisho ya nyumbani ya mwaka 2011-12 huko [[Stadio Nereo Rocco]] katika [[Peninsula]] ya [[Italia]]. Kwa misimu mingi uliofuata, klabu ya Cagliari ilicheza kwenye uwanja wa [[Stadio Is Arenas]] karibu na [[manispaa]] ya [[Quartu Sant'Elena]].Uwanja wa Sant'Elia ulibomolewa mnamo mwaka [[2017]], na kilabu ilihamia uwanja wa [[Sardegna Arena]]. == Heshima == === Mataji ya kitaifa === * '''[[Serie A]]:''' ** '''Washindi (1)''': 1969–1970 * '''[[Serie B]]:''' ** '''Washindi (1)''': 2015–2016 * '''[[Serie C]]''' / '''[[Serie C1]]:''' ** '''Washindi (4)''': 1930–1931, 1951–1952, 1961–1962, 1988–1989 * '''[[Coppa Italia Serie C]]:''' ** '''Washindi (1)''': 1988–1989 * '''Campionato Sardo di I Divisione:''' ** '''Washindi (1)''': 1936–37 === Mataji ya Ulaya === '''[[UEFA|UEFA Cup]]:''' :* '''Hatua ya nusu fainali (1)''': 1993–1994 == Wachezaji == === Kikosi cha sasa (mwaka 2026) === {{Fs start}} {{Fs end}} == Barani Ulaya == === Kombe la mabingwa wa Ulaya === {| class="wikitable" !Msimu !Mzunguko !Klabu !Nyumbani !Ugenini !Jumla |- | rowspan="2" |1970–1971 |Mzunguko wa kwanza |{{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Étienne]] | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |3–0 | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |0–1 | style="text-align:center;" |'''3–1''' |- |Mzunguko wa pili |{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Atlético Madrid]] | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |2–1 | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |0–3 | style="text-align:center;" |'''2–4''' |} === Kombe la UEFA === {| class="wikitable" !Msimu !Mzunguko !Klabu !Nyumbani !Ugenini !Jumla |- |1972–1973 |Mzunguko wa kwanza |{{flagicon|Greece}} Olympiacos | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |0–1 | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |1–2 | style="text-align:center;" |'''1–3''' |- | rowspan="5" |1993–1994 |Mzunguko wa kwanza |{{flagicon|Romania}} Dinamo București | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |2–0 | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |2–3 | style="text-align:center;" |'''4–3''' |- |Mzunguko wa pili |{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Trabzonspor]] | style="text-align:center; background:#ffd;" |0–0 | style="text-align:center; background:#ffd;" |1–1 | style="text-align:center;" |'''1–1''' |- |Mzunguko wa tatu |{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Mechelen]] | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |2–0 | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |3–1 | style="text-align:center;" |'''5–1''' |- |Robo fainali |{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |1–0 | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |2–1 | style="text-align:center;" |'''3–1''' |- |Nusu fainali |{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Inter Milan]] | style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;" |3–2 | style="text-align:center; background:#fdd;" |0–3 | style="text-align:center;" |'''3–5''' |}<br /> == Tazama pia == * Klabu ya [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] * Ligi ya Italia ([[Serie A]]) == Viungu vya nje == {{commons category}} * {{official website|http://www.cagliaricalcio.com}} * [http://www.cagliaricampione.it Site about Cagliari's 1969–70 Serie A-winning season] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cagliaricampione.it/ |date=20190911060253 }} [[Jamii:Vilabu Mpira vya Italia]] [[Jamii:Sardinia]] ax2mov2mqwmcezwxu09yyq4etnfsy11 0 121926 1550422 1549722 2026-05-25T18:57:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550422 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] fcnf0apnh2xdfvaog3d3e5sm6mffrjj 0 127759 1550571 1428149 2026-05-26T03:59:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Nimeongeza Maudhui 1550571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Siku ya Arafah]] '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] pbd3tfp19vn8okjr8tfgxxbhjfnxtlw 1550575 1550571 2026-05-26T04:03:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Siku ya Arafah]] '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] i22c6sbk2aw2w2b2u73mnhjuisbf2rx 1550579 1550575 2026-05-26T04:19:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Siku ya Arafah]] '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] mu5j967wppz6krl7vkrel8k9cf0vu7n 1550621 1550579 2026-05-26T06:06:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Nimeongeza Inforbox 1550621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = Ya kidini, [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] fxbpiizhtrhepc7di8aqr7ilgw42ncm 1550627 1550621 2026-05-26T06:14:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 6b5qxruevr5rua3nielytqypud2fl45 1550634 1550627 2026-05-26T06:24:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Protected "[[Siku ya Arafah]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho) [Kuhamisha=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) 1550627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 6b5qxruevr5rua3nielytqypud2fl45 1550636 1550634 2026-05-26T06:25:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] c70tukdkvytjto1envyp7cxqb86d2jz 1550640 1550636 2026-05-26T06:29:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siku ya Arafah]] hadi [[Siku ya Arafa]] 1550636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] c70tukdkvytjto1envyp7cxqb86d2jz 1550645 1550640 2026-05-26T06:32:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Mlima wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] mcb3x7j0g4vxv9y4dhu6vyt83uywp2z 1550650 1550645 2026-05-26T06:38:40Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia huelekea katika eneo la [[Minna]] katika Mlima wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 7xzu49hn3kzx3uyacv9ilc7ygv4ogi3 1550653 1550650 2026-05-26T06:40:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia huelekea katika eneo la [[Mina]] katika Mlima wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] s9d137zbd9qvw5ubrpabhob2rnl06qd 1550661 1550653 2026-05-26T06:53:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Tengua pitio [[Special:Diff/1550653|1550653]] lililoandikwa na [[Special:Contributions/Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[User talk:Anuary Rajabu|Majadiliano]]) 1550661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia huelekea katika eneo la [[Minna]] katika Mlima wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 7xzu49hn3kzx3uyacv9ilc7ygv4ogi3 1550662 1550661 2026-05-26T06:54:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Tengua pitio [[Special:Diff/1550650|1550650]] lililoandikwa na [[Special:Contributions/Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[User talk:Anuary Rajabu|Majadiliano]]) 1550662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Mlima wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] mcb3x7j0g4vxv9y4dhu6vyt83uywp2z 1550664 1550662 2026-05-26T06:55:39Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika teolojia ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] c70tukdkvytjto1envyp7cxqb86d2jz 1550807 1550664 2026-05-26T11:11:48Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Fadhila na amali */ 1550807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = Siku ya Arafa | Jina Rasmi = يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ | Aina = [[Uislamu]] | Pia inajulikana = Yawm 'Arafah, Siku ya kusimama Arafa, Siku ya Toba na Kukubaliwa kwa Dua | Wanaoadhimisha = [[Waislamu]] (Mahujaji na wasiokuwa kwenye Hija) | Umuhimu = Siku ya kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na kilele cha ibada ya Hija | Tarehe = 9 [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]] | Matendo = Ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), dua, kuomba maghfira, na kufunga saumu (kwa wasio mahujaji) | Uhusiano = [[Hija]], [[Idd el Hajj]] | Picha =Pilgrims_cover_Arafat's_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg | Maelezo ya Picha= Mahujaji katika [[Mlima Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] }} '''Siku ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|يوم عرفة}} ''Yawm 'Arafah'') ni siku ya tisa ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ambao ni mwezi wa kumi na mbili na wa mwisho katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, siku hii huhesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa siku zenye umuhimu mkubwa zaidi katika mwaka. Siku ya Arafa inafungamana moja kwa moja na ibada kuu ya [[Hija]], ambapo mahujaji kutoka pande zote za dunia hukusanyika katika Uwanda wa Arafa uliopo karibu na mji wa [[Makka]] kuanzia adhuhuri hadi kuzama kwa jua, wakifanya ibada ya kusimama (Wukuf), kuomba maghfira, na kumtukuza [[Mwenyezi Mungu]].<ref name="EI2Hajj">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1971 |publisher=Brill |volume=3 |pages=31–37 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]], uzito wa siku hii unasisitizwa kwa usemi unaotaja kuwa "Hija ni Arafa", ikimaanisha kuwa ibada ya Hija haitokamilika bila ya kuwepo katika uwanda huo siku hiyo.<ref name="TirmidhiArafah">{{cite web |title=Jami` at-Tirmidhi - The Book of Hajj |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Rejea katika Qurani == Katika [[Qurani]], Sura ya tano ([[Al-Ma'idah]]), aya ya tatu, inatajwa na wafasiri wengi kuwa ilishushwa rasmi siku ya Arafa wakati wa Hija ya mwisho ya [[Mtume Muhammad]] (Hajjat al-Wadaa) mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. Aya hii hubeba uzito mkubwa wa kihistoria na kiimani kwani inatangaza kukamilika kwa dini ya Kiislamu na neema za kimungu kwa wanadamu: ''"Leo Nimekukamilishieni dini yenu, na Nimekutimizieni neema Yangu, na Nimekuridhieni Uislamu uwe ndiyo dini yenu."''<ref name="FarsyMaidah">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kushushwa kwa aya hii siku ya Arafa kunaashiria kilele cha ufunuo wa sheria na miongozo ya dini. Wanachuoni wengi wa Qurani kama vile Ibn Kathir wanaeleza kuwa kiapo kilichopo katika Sura [[Al-Buruj]] (85:3) kinachotaja "na kinachoshuhudia na kinachoshuhudiwa", kinaashiria Siku ya Arafa kama ndiyo siku "inayoshuhudiwa" kutokana na ushuhuda mkubwa wa wanadamu wanaokusanyika hapo.<ref name="IbnKathirArafah">{{cite book |last=Ibn Kathir |first=Ismail |title=Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim |year=2000 |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=3 |pages=22–25 |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na amali == Fadhila na matendo ya Siku ya Arafa yamegawanyika kwa ajili ya wale waliopo kwenye Hija na wale waliopo majumbani mwao kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wale wasiokuwa kwenye ibada ya Hija, kuna mafundisho yaliyothibiti katika mapokeo ya hadithi ya kwamba kufunga saumu ya Siku ya Arafa kunafuta madambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafah">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Pia, katika [[teolojia]] ya Kiislamu, siku hii inaelezewa kuwa ni wakati ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huachwa huru kutoka kwenye adhabu ya moto. Waumini wanahimizwa kukithirisha dua, kuomba msamaha, na kusoma dhikr maalum ya Tauhidi katika masaa yote ya siku hii. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] pwvy54a9fzcvxronj2zxu4ozghcrvan 0 137044 1550810 1513315 2026-05-26T11:26:04Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Right_to_Life_Movement.jpg with [[File:President_Meeting_with_Representatives_of_The_Right_to_Life_Movement_Jesse_Helms_Elizabeth_Dole_Robert_Dornan_Henry_Hyde_Charles_Percy_Richard_Sch 1550810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Protestors_with_sign_Venezuela_2014.jpg|thumb|195x195px|Waandamanaji wa [[Venezuela]] mnamo 2014 na bango lililosomeka "Amani; Uhuru; Haki; Haki ya kuishi" kwa Kiingereza.]] '''Haki ya kuishi''' inatokana na [[imani]] kwamba [[binadamu]] ana [[haki]] ya [[Uhai|kuishi]] na haswa, hapaswi [[Mauti|kuuawa]] na [[mtu]] au kitu kingine, ikiwa pamoja na [[serikali]]. [[Dhana]] ya haki ya kuishi inatokana na mijadala juu ya masuala ya [[adhabu ya kifo]], [[vita]], [[utoaji mimba]], kifo cha hiari, [[ukatili]] wa [[polisi]], mauaji wakati wa kujihami, na kwa wengine hata haki za [[wanyama]]. Baadhi ya watu hawakubaliani juu ya maeneo ambayo kanuni hii inatumika, pamoja na masuala kama haya yaliyoorodheshwa hapo awali. == Utoaji mimba == [[Picha:Vacuum-aspiration_(single).svg|thumb|195x195px|Utoaji mimba.]] [[Neno]] "haki ya kuishi" linatumiwa katika mjadala wa [[utoaji mimba]] na wale wanaotaka kutokomeza zoezi la [[Utoaji mimba|kutoa mimba]], au angalau kupunguza kiwango cha utoaji mimba, na katika muktadha wa [[ujauzito]], neno ''haki ya kuishi'' iliyoendelezwa awali na [[Papa Pius XII]] wakati wa ensiklika ya [[Papa|Kipapa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1951]]:<blockquote>''Kila mwanadamu, hata [[mtoto]] aliye ndani ya [[tumbo]], ana haki ya kuishi moja kwa moja kutoka kwa [[Mungu]] na sio kutoka kwa [[wazazi]] wake, sio kutoka kwa [[jamii]] yoyote au [[mamlaka]] ya kibinadamu.'' ''Kwa hivyo, hakuna mtu, hakuna jamii, hakuna mamlaka ya kibinadamu, hakuna [[sayansi]], hakuna "hali" yoyote ikiwa ni ya [[matibabu]], kieugeniki, kijamii, kiuchumi, au [[maadili]] ambayo inaweza kutoa au kutoa kibali halali cha [[mahakama]] cha kuyapoteza moja kwa moja kwa makusudi [[maisha]] ya binadamu asiye na hatia…'' --- Papa Pius XII, ''Anwani kwa Wakunga juu ya Hali ya Utaalam Wao'' Kitabu cha Upapa, Oktoba 29, 1951. <ref>"Address to Midwives on the Nature of Their Profession", 29 October 1951. Pope Pius XII.</ref></blockquote> [[Picha:President Meeting with Representatives of The Right to Life Movement Jesse Helms Elizabeth Dole Robert Dornan Henry Hyde Charles Percy Richard Schweiker in Oval Office - DPLA - 9281c1c6efacc1d94a9dd0ba9b2ac758.jpg|thumb|[[Rais]] [[Ronald Reagan]] alipokutana na wawakilishi wa harakati ya Haki ya Kuishi, 1981]] Mnamo mwaka [[1966]] Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Maaskofu Katoliki [[Marekani]] (NCCB) ulimuuliza Fr. James T. McHugh kuanza kuangalia mwenendo wa mageuzi ya utoaji mimba ndani ya nchi hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://galeapps.galegroup.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=tel_s_tsla&origURL=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.galegroup.com%2Fps%2Fretrieve.do%3FsgHitCountType%3DNone%26sort%3DDA-SORT%26inPS%3Dtrue%26prodId%3DGPS%26userGroupName%3Dtel_s_tsla%26tabID%3DT002%26searchId%3DR3%26resultListType%3DRESULT_LIST%26contentSegment%3D%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26currentPosition%3D10%26contentSet%3DGALE%257CA262387307%26%26docId%3DGALE%257CA262387307%26docType%3DGALE%26role%3DITOF%26docLevel%3DFULLTEXT&prodId=GPS|title=Gale - Product Login|work=galeapps.galegroup.com|accessdate=2019-07-18}}</ref> Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Haki ya Kuishi (NRLC) ilianzishwa mnamo [[1967]] kama Haki ya Ligi ya Maisha kuratibu [[kampeni]] zake za serikali chini ya Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Maaskofu Katoliki. <ref name="christianlifeandliberty.net">http://www.christianlifeandliberty.net/RTL.bmp K.M. Cassidy. "Right to Life." In Dictionary of Christianity in America, Coordinating Editor, Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1990. pp. 1017,1018.</ref> Ili kukata rufaa kwa upana zaidi, na bila upendeleo katika harakati hizi, [[Minnesota|viongozi muhimu wa Minnesota]] walipendekeza mtindo wa shirika ambao utatenganisha NRLC na usimamizi wa moja kwa moja wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Maaskofu Katoliki na mwanzoni mwa 1973 Mkurugenzi wa NRLC Fr. James T. McHugh na msaidizi wake mtendaji, Michael Taylor, walipendekeza mpango tofauti, ikiwezesha NRLC kuelekea uhuru wake kutoka kwa [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. == Euthanasia == [[Picha:Euthanasia_machine_(Australia).JPG|thumb|Mashine ya Euthanasia (Australia).]] Wale ambao wanaamini kuwa mtu anapaswa kufanya uamuzi wa kumaliza maisha yake kupitia euthanasia hutumia hoja kwamba watu wana ''haki ya kuchagua'', <ref>1999, Jennifer M. Scherer, Rita James Simon, Euthanasia and the Right to Die: A Comparative View, Page 27</ref>, wakati wale wanaopinga kuhalalishwa kwa euthanasia wanasema hivyo kwa sababu watu wote wana haki ya kuishi. <ref>1998, Roswitha Fischer, Lexical Change in Present-day English, page 126</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://childrensrightsportal.org/fundamental-rights/life/ Haki ya Kuishi] {{Wayback|url=http://childrensrightsportal.org/fundamental-rights/life/ |date=20110515034353 }} kwenye [http://childrensrightsportal.org/ Kituo cha Haki za Watoto] * [http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius12/P12midwives.htm [[Papa Pius XII]], ''Kwa Wakunga juu ya Hali ya Utaalam wao''.] {{Mbegu-Haki za Binadamu}} [[Jamii:Utoaji mimba]] [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Maadili]] [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] 8e5luiannp37ldc1wptj6g531whtdib 0 144999 1550336 1515845 2026-05-25T13:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jordyn Huitema Canada vs New Zealand women's soccer 20211023 KP020186 (51667221517) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jordyn Huitema]] '''Jordyn Pamela Huitema''' (amezaliwa Mei 8, [[2001]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profile|url=https://canadasoccer.com/profile/|work=Canada Soccer|accessdate=2021-12-17|language=en-CA|archive-date=2021-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706012529/https://canadasoccer.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>) ni [[Kanada|Mkanada]] [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa anayecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] katika [[klabu]] ya [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C. (PSG)]] iliyoko daraja la kwanza kwa wanawake na pia [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Kanada]] Alifunga goli lake la kwanza la kitaifa akiwa mwenye umri wa miaka 16, kumfanya kuwa mchezaji bora kwenye michuano ya wanawake ya ligi ya UEFA kabla ya kufikisha 20 alikuwa ametajwa kama mrithi wa lejendi wa kikanada Christine Sinclair.<ref>Jordyn Huitema now Canada's all-time top scorer in Women's Champions League play | CBC Sports</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Armstrong|first=Laura|title=Shades of Sinclair in PSG-bound Canadian Huitema|date=2019-05-17|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2019/05/17/canadian-teenager-jordyn-huitema-joins-paris-saint-germain-on-four-year-deal.html|work=The Toronto Star|language=en-CA|issn=0319-0781|access-date=2021-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Forget Alphonso Davies - PSG's Jordyn Huitema just as much a star in the making {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/forget-alphonso-davies-psgs-jordyn-huitema-just-as-much-a/1c4zakwznkv931ghrxijuui51i|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=2021-12-17}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:USLWO]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] rtalj4rr9ajl4ki6w32lakuyxppuwgm 0 186066 1550642 1351805 2026-05-26T06:31:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550642 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Claudia De Angelis (cropped).jpg|thumb|Claudia De Angelis.]] '''Claudia de Angelis''' (Anagni, [[5 Aprili]] [[1675]] - [[Roma]], [[29 Juni]] [[1715]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] [[mlei]] wa shirika la [[Wadominiko]] kutoka [[Italia]], ambaye alianzisha [[shirika]] la Masista Wasitoo wa Upendo, ambao kwa sasa ni wamiliki wa ikulu ya [[Papa|Mapapa]] huko [[Anagni]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dominicanajournal.org/wp-content/files/old-journal-archive/vol15/no1/dominicanav15n1dominicancausescanonizationbeatifi.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-09-17 |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222103841/https://www.dominicanajournal.org/wp-content/files/old-journal-archive/vol15/no1/dominicanav15n1dominicancausescanonizationbeatifi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya maisha ya De Angelis yaliandikwa na kasisi Giovanni Marangoni, aliyekuwa baba yake wa kiroho na mfuasi mkubwa, na taarifa hizo zilichapishwa kwenye kitabu kinachoitwa ''Vita di Suor Claudia De Angelis''. Mchakato wa kumtangaza [[mtakatifu]] ulifunguliwa tarehe 26 Juni 1820, hivyo amepewa jina la [[Mtumishi wa Mungu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chi era Claudia De Angelis? - Archeoares|url=https://www.archeoares.it/news/chi-era-claudia-de-angelis/|date=2023-05-16|accessdate=2024-09-17|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1675]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1715]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Wadominiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] pxwyf2fxb562wfm0g5f6hi4mk69pcco 0 189868 1550390 1515852 2026-05-25T17:00:49Z Rosiestep 10691 Jorge Gutierrez at Comic Con Oakland 2026.jpg 1550390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Jorge Gutierrez at Comic Con Oakland 2026.jpg|thumb|Jorge R. Gutierrez (2026)]] '''Jorge R. Gutierrez''' (alizaliwa [[25 Januari|Januari 25]], [[1975]]) ni [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]] wa [[vibonzo]], [[mwandishi]], mtayarishaji, [[mkurugenzi]], [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]], na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[sauti]] mwenye asili ya Meksiko na [[Marekani]]. Akiwa pamoja na Sandra Equihua, aliunda mfululizo wa vibonzo wa Nickelodeon, ''El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera''. Pia aliandika kwa ushirikiano na kuongoza ''The Book of Life'', ''Son of Jaguar'' kwa Google, na ''Maya and the Three'' kwa Netflix Animation.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Loved Book of Life? Then you need to see this short film by its director|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/10/27/7070215/watch-this-short-film-from-the-director-of-book-of-life-jorge-gutierrez|access-date=2022-12-04|website=www.vox.com|date=27 October 2014|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2p98dc2ywu4pvhv8s25pekbun7pzizw 0 205143 1550438 1525240 2026-05-25T19:52:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Sarah Moore Grimké''' ([[Novemba 26]], [[1792]] – [[Desemba 23]], [[1873]]) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kumudu maliza utumwa wa Marekani, anayeshikiliwa sana kuwa mama wa harakati ya haki za wanawake za kupiga kura. Alizaliwa na kukulia huko South Carolina katika familia mashuhuri na tajiri ya wakulima, alihamia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, katika miaka ya [[1820]] na akawa Quaker, kama alivyofanya dada yake mdogo Angelina. Dada hao walianza kuzungumza kwenye mzunguko wa mihadhara ya kumudu maliza utumwa, wakijiunga na tamaduni ya wanawake ambao walikuwa wakizungumza hadharani juu ya masuala ya kisiasa tangu siku za ukoloni, wakiwemo Susanna Wright, Hannah Griffitts, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, na Anna Dickinson. Walisimulia ujuzi wao wa utumwa moja kwa moja, walihimiza kumudu maliza utumwa, na pia wakawa wanaharakati wa haki za wanawake. == Maisha == Sarah Grimké – wazazi wake wakati mwingine walimwita "Sally" – alizaliwa huko South Carolina, mtoto wa sita kati ya watoto 14 na binti wa pili wa Mary Smith na John Faucheraud Grimké. Baba yao alikuwa mkulima tajiri na mmiliki wa watumwa, wakili na jaji huko South Carolina, na wakati mmoja Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Carolina. Tajriba za mapema za Sarah na elimu zilimudu umba mustakabali wake kama mwanaharakati wa kumudu maliza utumwa na mwanafeministi. Katika utoto wake wote, ingawa alikuwa na akili ya juu, alifahamu vyema udhaifu wa elimu yake ikilinganishwa na ile ya kawaida ya ndugu zake wa kiume. Ingawa familia yake ilitambua akili yake ya kipekee, alizuiwa kupata elimu ya kina au kufuata ndoto yake ya kuwa wakili, kwani malengo haya yalionekana kuwa "yasiyo ya kike." Alisomeshwa na wakufunzi wa kibinafsi juu ya masomo yaliyochukuliwa kuwa yanafaa kwa msichana wa Kusini wa tabaka lake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Kifaransa, upambaji, uchoraji na rangi za maji, na kucheza harpsichord. Baba yake alimudu ruhusu Sarah kusoma jiografia, historia, na hesabu kutoka kwa vitabu vya maktaba yake, na kusoma vitabu vyake vya sheria; hata hivyo, alimudu weka mipaka katika kumudu jifunza Kilatini.<ref name=Todras>{{cite book |title=Angelina Grimké — Voice of Abolition |url=https://archive.org/details/angelinagrimkevo00todr |first=Ellen H. |last=Todras |publisher=Linnet Books |year=1999 |isbn=0208024859}}</ref><ref name=":0">Grimké, Sarah. Letter addressed to Mary S. Parker, President of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, in [http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/book-sum/grimke3.html ''Letters on the Equality of the Sexes''.] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090724001330/http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/book-sum/grimke3.html |date=2009-07-24 }}</ref> Mama yake Sarah, Mary, alikuwa mama wa nyumbani aliyejitolea na mwanachama hai katika jamii. Alikuwa [[kiongozi]] wa Jumuiya ya Wanawake ya Wafadhili ya Charleston. Mary pia alikuwa Mwanglikana hai na kwa hivyo mara nyingi alijitolea kwa maskini na kwa wanawake waliokuwa wafungwa katika gereza la karibu. Imani za Mary zilikuwa ngumu. Akihisi kufungwa katika jukumu lake, Sarah aliendeleza uhusiano na watumwa wa familia yake kwa kiwango ambacho kiliwasumbua wazazi wake. Tangu alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 12, Sarah alitumia alasiri zake za Jumapili kufundisha madarasa ya Biblia kwa watumwa wachanga kwenye shamba, uzoefu ambao aliuona kuwa wa kufadhaisha. Ingawa alitaka sana kuwafundisha kusoma Maandiko wenyewe, na walikuwa na shauku ya kujifunza hivyo, wazazi wake walikataza hili, kwani kufundisha watumwa kusoma kulikuwa kinyume cha sheria huko South Carolina. Wazazi wake pia walisema kuwa kusoma na kuandika kungewafanya watumwa wasiwe na furaha na waasi, wakiwafanya wasifae kwa kazi za mikono. Kufundisha watumwa kusoma kulikuwa kumepigwa marufuku tangu [[1740]] huko South Carolina. Sarah alimfundisha Hetty, msichana wake wa kibinafsi aliyekuwa mtumwa, kusoma na kuandika kwa siri, lakini wazazi wake walipogundua mwalimu mdogo akifanya kazi, nguvu ya jibu la baba yake ilikuwa ya kutisha. Alikasirika sana na karibu akamudu chapa msichana huyo mtumwa mdogo. Hofu ya kusababisha matatizo kwa watumwa wenyewe ilimzuia Sarah kufanya kazi hiyo tena. Miaka baadaye, alitafakari tukio hilo, akiandika "Nilichukua kuridhika karibu cha chuki katika kumfundisha mjakazi wangu mdogo wa kungoja usiku, wakati alipotakiwa kuwa akishughulika na kuchana na kupiga mswaki nywele zangu. Taa ilizimwa, tundu la ufunguo likafunikwa, na tumboni mbele ya moto, na kitabu cha tahajia chini ya macho yetu, tulikaidi sheria za South Carolina." Ndugu yake Sarah, Thomas, alienda Shule ya Sheria ya Yale mnamo [[1805]]. Wakati wa ziara zake za nyumbani, Thomas aliendelea kumfundisha Sarah mawazo mapya kuhusu hatari za Ufunuo na umuhimu wa dini. (Thomas alikufa akiwa mdogo, na alielezewa katika nekta kama mtu aliyejivunia zaidi uchukizi wake.) Mawazo haya, pamoja na masomo yake ya siri ya sheria, yalimpa msingi wa kazi yake ya baadaye kama mwanaharakati. Baba yake alimwambia kwamba kama angekuwa mwanamume, angekuwa wakili mkuu zaidi huko South Carolina. Lerner anatoa toleo tofauti kidogo, ambapo baba yake alisema "angekuwa juristi mkuu zaidi nchini." Sarah aliamini kuwa kutoweza kwake kupata elimu ya juu kulikuwa kwa haki. Alistaajabu na tabia za familia yake na majirani, ambao walihimiza watumwa kubatizwa na kuhudhuria ibada, lakini hawakuwachukulia kama ndugu na [[dada]] wa kweli katika imani. Tangu ujana wake, Sarah aliamini kuwa dini inapaswa kuchukua jukumu la kuimarisha maisha ya wale wanaoteseka zaidi. Safari yake ya kidini ilimpeleka kwanza kwa Upresbiteri; alibadilika mnamo [[1817]]. Baada ya kuhamia Philadelphia mnamo 1821, alijiunga na Waquaker, ambao alikuwa amewajua katika ziara ya awali na baba yake. Huko, alikua mtetezi wa sauti ya elimu na haki ya kupiga kura kwa Wamarekani wa Kiafrika na wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://users.wfu.edu/zulick/340/grimkeletter.html|title=Sarah Grimke, Letter in Response to the Pastoral Letter|website=users.wfu.edu|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.boston.gov/news/city-bridge-named-honor-grimke-sisters|title=City bridge named in honor of the Grimké sisters|date=November 15, 2019|accessdate=2025-03-12|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110121316/https://www.boston.gov/news/city-bridge-named-honor-grimke-sisters|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author1-link=Stephen H. Browne |last=Browne |first=Stephen H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44957270 |title=Angelina Grimké : rhetoric, identity, and the radical imagination |date=1999 |publisher=Michigan State University Press |isbn=978-0-87013-897-3 |location=East Lansing, Mich. |oclc=44957270}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Underwood |first1=Betty |title=The Forge and the Forest |url=https://archive.org/details/forgeforest00unde |date=1975 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=978-0395204924 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1792]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1873]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] j6mmomulfvfx2bhtkxs8re2u6604c8o 4 208508 1550321 1550036 2026-05-25T12:51:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1550321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-24) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-24)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 666 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2810 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1032 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2057 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 519 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1086 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 833 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 378 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 417 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34942 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18918 || ↓ -21.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 109.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1061 || ↓ -12.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 993 || ↓ -21.4% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 641 || ↓ -0.9% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 594 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 506 || ↑ +12.4% |- | 6 || [[San Marino]] || 479 || ↑ +1895.8% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 429 || ↓ -22.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 379 || ↓ -23.6% |- | 9 || [[Ethiopia]] || 375 || ↓ -2.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 362 || ↓ -21.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 684 || 43.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 25.1% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 104 || 6.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} np067u2a1rs957rw23zv6v5hvr244gk 1550323 1550321 2026-05-25T12:53:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1550323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-25) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-25)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 641 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 594 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2708 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 993 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1999 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 506 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 429 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1061 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 691 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 362 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34942 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18918 || ↓ -21.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 109.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Irani]] || 1061 || ↓ -12.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 993 || ↓ -21.4% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 641 || ↓ -0.9% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 594 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 506 || ↑ +12.4% |- | 6 || [[San Marino]] || 479 || ↑ +1895.8% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 429 || ↓ -22.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 379 || ↓ -23.6% |- | 9 || [[Ethiopia]] || 375 || ↓ -2.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 362 || ↓ -21.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 684 || 43.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 25.1% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 104 || 6.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} maklzdhyp6c75dtidujgy45glcd0fnh 1550452 1550323 2026-05-25T21:58:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1550452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-25) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-25)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 641 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 594 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2708 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 993 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1999 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 506 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 429 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1061 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 691 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 362 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34943 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 27365 || ↓ -16.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 158.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2708 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1061 || ↓ -12.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 993 || ↓ -21.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 822 || ↑ +73.4% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 691 || ↑ +87.8% |- | 6 || [[Kenya]] || 641 || ↓ -0.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 594 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 506 || ↑ +12.4% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 479 || ↑ +1895.8% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 446 || ↓ -12.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 685 || 43.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 25.0% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 104 || 6.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} 6xiprm6wgirb2rdf5rdcumkbtx7675y 1550454 1550452 2026-05-25T22:00:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1550454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-25) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 58 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-25)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 641 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.31 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 594 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2708 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 993 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1999 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 506 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 429 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.16 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1061 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 691 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 362 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Zambia]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34943 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 27365 || ↓ -16.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 158.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2708 || ↓ -9.9% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 1061 || ↓ -12.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 993 || ↓ -21.4% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 822 || ↑ +73.4% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 691 || ↑ +87.8% |- | 6 || [[Kenya]] || 641 || ↓ -0.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 594 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 506 || ↑ +12.4% |- | 9 || [[San Marino]] || 479 || ↑ +1895.8% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 446 || ↓ -12.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 685 || 43.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 393 || 25.0% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 136 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 104 || 6.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Kozak2025|Kozak2025]] || 17 || 1.1% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:Borisherman|Borisherman]] || 10 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- |} 7c6sq27mjly4x9v2ihfc8y0ajm3or6z 0 220869 1550555 1483473 2026-05-26T03:10:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blaise Adolphe Antoine Marie Senghor''' <ref name="Décès">{{Cite web |language=French |title=Procès verbal d'ouverture Décès État civil |url=https://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjItMTAtMTciO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NDtzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6Mjc0MTg0O3M6MTY6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWwiO2I6MTtzOjIxOiJ2aXNpb25uZXVzZV9odG1sX21vZGUiO3M6NDoicHJvZCI7fQ==#uielem_move=-1155%2C-709&uielem_islocked=1&uielem_zoom=184&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F |format= |date=1976 |website=archives.paris.fr |isbn= |page= |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224121742/https://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjItMTAtMTciO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NDtzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6Mjc0MTg0O3M6MTY6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWwiO2I6MTtzOjIxOiJ2aXNpb25uZXVzZV9odG1sX21vZGUiO3M6NDoicHJvZCI7fQ==#uielem_move=-1155%2C-709&uielem_islocked=1&uielem_zoom=184&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F |url-status=dead }} Paris 15th arrondissement death certificate, n° 2444, page 7 of 31.</ref> (pia '''Blaise Wali Antoine Marie Senghor''', <ref name="centre">{{cite web |url=https://centrecultureldakar.art/cinema/blaise-senghor-cineaste-senegalais-et-diplomate-histoire-retracee/ |title=Blaise Senghor, cinéaste sénégalais et diplomate: histoire retracée |last= |first= |date=2023 |website=centrecultureldakar.art |publisher=Centre Culturel Régional Dakar |access-date=30 August 2023 |quote=Né le 30 mai 1932 à Joal, au Sénégal, Blaise Senghor est décédé le 6 octobre 1976 à Paris, en France. Il avait 44 ans. Mais, la carrière de Blaise a été riche : il fut réalisateur, assistant metteur en scène, Conseiller technique au Ministère de l’Information et à l’Ambassade du Sénégal à Paris. Il a également été Ambassadeur délégué permanent du Sénégal auprès de l’Unesco à Paris, Vice-président du Conseil exécutif de l’Unesco. |language=French |archive-date=2025-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014203301/https://centrecultureldakar.art/cinema/blaise-senghor-cineaste-senegalais-et-diplomate-histoire-retracee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Joal, ambaye ni Joal-Fadiouth alizaliwa [[Senegal]], [[30 Mei]] [[1932]] - alifariki [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]], [[6 Oktoba]] [[1976]]) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa filamu wa Senegal, [[mwandishi]] wa skrini na Mjumbe Mkuu wa [[UNESCO]] wa [[Senegal]] <ref name="Africine">{{Cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/personne/blaise-senghor/3863 |title=Blaise Senghor Réalisateur/trice Documentariste |language=French |publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC) |website=africine.org |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2020 |archive-date=2025-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416235113/https://www.africine.org/personne/blaise-senghor/3863 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Africultures">{{Cite web |url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3863 |title=Blaise Senghor Réalisateur/trice, Documentariste |access-date=30 August 2023 |language=French |website=africultures.com |publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation}}</ref><ref name="IMDb">{{IMDb name |id=0784270 |name=Blaise Senghor}}. Director Writer Second Unit Director or Assistant Director.</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1976]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Senegal ]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Senegal]] sntruxxji2p8t03wnawiytkmv9jp750 0 221575 1550682 1486649 2026-05-26T07:40:39Z MARkarani 82546 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352881724|Agnes Kavindu]]" 1550682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes Kavindu Muthama''' ni mwanasiasa mzaliwa wa Kenya ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Seneta wa Machakos. Alichaguliwa kwa tiketi [[Wiper Democratic Movement|ya Wiper]] kuhudumu kama Seneta wa [[Kaunti ya Machakos]] mnamo Machi 19, 2021. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Agnes Muthama|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/politician/agnes-muthama|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.kenyans.co.ke}}</ref> Pia alihudumu kama Bodi ya Tanathi water service kuanzia mnamo 2018 hadi 2021. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sen. Muthama Agnes Kavindu Mbuku|work=The Kenyan Parliament Website|url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-muthama-agnes-kavindu-mbuku|accessdate=2023-03-25}}</ref> == Maisha == Alikuwa mke wa zamani wa Seneta wa zamani wa Machakos Johnson Mutha . Mwakani 2018, alihudhuria outreach international Bible college na kuhitimu na shahada. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sen. Muthama Agnes Kavindu Mbuku {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website|url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php/the-senate/sen-muthama-agnes-kavindu-mbuku|accessdate=2023-12-05|work=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 2026, alimpoteza mwanawe wa pekee Moses Muthama ambaye inasemekana alipata matatizo ya kupumua ghafla na kukimbizwa hospitalini kwa matibabu lakini alitangazwa kuwa amefariki alipofikishwa hospitalini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Oyiela|first=Joan|title=Machakos Senator Agnes Kavindu loses only son Moses Muthama|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/politics/article/2001540163/machakos-senator-agnes-kavindu-loses-only-son-moses-muthama|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Health|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Lodite|first=Cynthia|date=2026-02-05|title=Ruto condoles Machakos Senator Kavindu after death of her only son|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/ruto-condoles-machakos-senator-kavindu-after-death-of-her-only-son|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] c8hox6aiutrz9cnza7b1952e29np4l9 1550730 1550682 2026-05-26T08:38:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agnes Kavindu Muthama''' ni mwanasiasa mzaliwa wa Kenya ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Seneta wa Machakos. Alichaguliwa kwa tiketi ya [[Wiper Democratic Movement]] kuhudumu kama Seneta wa [[Kaunti ya Machakos]] mnamo Machi 19, 2021. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Agnes Muthama|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/politician/agnes-muthama|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.kenyans.co.ke}}</ref> Pia alihudumu kama Bodi ya Tanathi water service kuanzia mnamo 2018 hadi 2021. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sen. Muthama Agnes Kavindu Mbuku|work=The Kenyan Parliament Website|url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-senate/sen-muthama-agnes-kavindu-mbuku|accessdate=2023-03-25}}</ref> == Maisha == Alikuwa mke wa zamani wa Seneta wa zamani wa Machakos [[Johnson Mutha]]. Mwaka 2018, alihudhuria outreach international Bible college na kuhitimu na shahada. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sen. Muthama Agnes Kavindu Mbuku {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website|url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php/the-senate/sen-muthama-agnes-kavindu-mbuku|accessdate=2023-12-05|work=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 2026, alimpoteza mwanawe wa pekee Moses Muthama ambaye inasemekana alipata matatizo ya kupumua ghafla na kukimbizwa hospitalini kwa matibabu lakini alitangazwa kuwa amefariki alipofikishwa huko. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Oyiela|first=Joan|title=Machakos Senator Agnes Kavindu loses only son Moses Muthama|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/politics/article/2001540163/machakos-senator-agnes-kavindu-loses-only-son-moses-muthama|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=Health|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Lodite|first=Cynthia|date=2026-02-05|title=Ruto condoles Machakos Senator Kavindu after death of her only son|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/ruto-condoles-machakos-senator-kavindu-after-death-of-her-only-son|accessdate=2026-03-30|work=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] 9xw0xwxocehnti736xswe4wi29bkg0c 0 222159 1550795 1511594 2026-05-26T10:25:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:DSF9695.jpg|thumb|Ellah Wakatama]] '''Ellah Wakatama Allfrey''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1966]]) ni mhariri, mkosoaji wa [[fasihi]] na mchapishaji mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top 10 Literary Curators and Editors from Africa Right Now|url=https://moveee.co/2019-top-10-literary-curators-and-editors-from-africa-right-now/|date=2019-08-14|accessdate=2026-02-04|language=en-US|author=Eniola Emmanuel|archive-date=2026-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106061154/https://moveee.co/2019-top-10-literary-curators-and-editors-from-africa-right-now/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book Launch - Speech by Pius Wakatama - Weaver Press|url=https://weaverpresszimbabwe.com/reviews/151-garfield-todd/1001-book-launch-speech-by-pius-wakatama-2|work=weaverpresszimbabwe.com|accessdate=2026-02-04}}</ref> Anafahamika kimataifa kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kukuza fasihi ya Kiafrika na amewahi kuhudumu kama mhariri mkuu wa jarida maarufu la fasihi la ''Granta''. Allfrey amekuwa sauti muhimu katika kuhakikisha waandishi wa Kiafrika wanapata nafasi katika soko la kimataifa la vitabu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ellah Wakatama Allfrey joins Canongate as editor-at-large|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/wakatama-allfrey-joins-canongate-editor-large-1022361|work=The Bookseller|accessdate=2026-02-04|language=En}}</ref> == Maisha na elimu == Ellah Wakatama alizaliwa mjini Mutare, Zimbabwe (wakati huo ikiitwa Rhodesia). Alipata elimu yake ya juu nchini [[Marekani]] ambapo alihitimu [[shahada ya awali]] katika uandishi wa habari na baadaye alijiendeleza zaidi katika masuala ya fasihi na uchapishaji. Malezi yake katika nchi ya Zimbabwe na maisha yake ya ughaibuni yamemsaidia kuwa na mtazamo mpana wa jinsi ya kuunganisha tamaduni tofauti kupitia maandishi. == Kazi == Allfrey amefanya kazi na nyumba kubwa za uchapishaji duniani kama vile ''Jonathan Cape'' na ''Random House''. Akiwa kama mhariri, amesaidia kuhariri kazi za waandishi wakubwa duniani na barani Afrika. Mbali na uhariri, amekuwa jaji katika tuzo nyingi za kifasihi zenye heshima kubwa, ikiwemo Tuzo ya Man Booker (Man Booker Prize) na Tuzo ya Caine ya Uandishi wa Kiafrika (Caine Prize for African Writing).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Allfrey to leave Granta|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/allfrey-leave-granta|work=The Bookseller|accessdate=2026-02-04|language=En}}</ref> Pia ni mwanzilishi wa shirika la ''Mabati-Cornell Kiswahili Prize for African Literature'' akishirikiana na wenzake, tuzo ambayo inalenga kukuza uandishi wa lugha za Kiafrika, hususan [[Kiswahili]]. Kazi zake za ukosoaji wa fasihi zimechapishwa katika magazeti makubwa kama ''The Guardian'', ''The Observer'' na ''The Spectator''. Amekuwa mstari wa mbele kutoa mafunzo kwa wahariri na waandishi chipukizi barani Afrika ili kuinua ubora wa maandishi ya bara hili<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africa39|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/africa39-9781408854679/|work=Bloomsbury|accessdate=2026-02-04|language=en|author=bloomsbury.com}}</ref>. == Makala na insha zilizochaguliwa == * Mapitio ya ''Call It Dog'' na Marli Roode (''The Guardian'', 28 Agosti 2013)<ref>{{cite news|last=Watakama Allfrey|first=Ellah|title=Call It Dog na Marli Roode – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/aug/28/call-it-dog-marli-roode-review|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 Agosti 2013|accessdate=28 Agosti 2013|archive-date=26 Agosti 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826181142/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/aug/28/call-it-dog-marli-roode-review|url-status=live}}</ref> * "Chinua Achebe mkuu ndiye mtu aliyeipa Afrika sauti" (''The Observer'', 24 Machi 2013)<ref>Wakatama Allfrey, Ellah (24 Machi 2013)[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/24/chinua-achebe-african-literature "Chinua Achebe mkuu ndiye mtu aliyeipa Afrika sauti"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826181137/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/mar/24/chinua-achebe-african-literature|date=26 Agosti 2024}} (Maoni ni bure), ''The Observer''.</ref> * "Salamu kwa Renaissance ya Afrika" (''The Telegraph'', 9 Septemba 2011)<ref>{{cite news|last=Watakama|first=Ellah|title=All Salamu kwa Renaissance ya Afrika: Tamasha la Hadithi ya Nyasi na Baraza la Uingereza jijini Nairobi|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/8749890/All-Hail-the-African-Renaissance-The-Storymoja-Hay-Festival-with-the-British-Council-in-Nairobi.html|date=9 Septemba 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=3 Aprili 2018|archive-date=7 Oktoba 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007122159/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/8749890/All-Hail-the-African-Renaissance-The-Storymoja-Hay-Festival-with-the-British-Council-in-Nairobi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * "Vita vya kitamaduni vilitupa vitabu na muziki wa kipaji" (''The Observer'', 13 Aprili 2013)<ref>Imenukuliwa katika [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/13/margaret-thatcher-influence-women "Margaret Thatcher na ushawishi wake kwa wanawake"], ''The Observer'', 13 Aprili 2013.</ref> * "Waandishi wanahitaji njia mpya za kuzungumzia yaliyopita na ya sasa ya Afrika" (''The Guardian'', 4 Juni 2016)<ref name="Waandishi wanahitaji njia mpya">Wakatama Allfrey, Ellah (4 Juni 2016), [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jun/04/ellah-wakatama-allfrey-talking-about-africa-past-present "Ellah Wakatama Allfrey: waandishi wanahitaji njia mpya za kuzungumzia yaliyopita na ya sasa ya Afrika"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826181151/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jun/04/ellah-wakatama-allfrey-talking-about-africa-past-present|date=26 Agosti 2024}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> * "Longchase" ("Mabinti Wapya wa Afrika]]'', 2019)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://myriadeditions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Margaret-Busby-Introduction-and-Acknowledgements-New-Daughters-of-Africa-Myriad-Editions.pdf|title=''Mabinti Wapya wa Afrika''|date=2019|publisher=Matoleo Yangu|editor-last=Busby|editor-first=Margaret|editor-link=Margaret Busby|page=x|chapter=Contents|access-date=22 Machi 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025153425/https://myriadeditions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Margaret-Busby-Introduction-and-Acknowledgements-New-Daughters-of-Africa-Myriad-Editions.pdf|archive-date=25 Oktoba 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>'' == Tuzo na heshima == Kutokana na mchango wake uliotukuka katika ulimwengu wa fasihi na uchapishaji, Ellah Wakatama Allfrey amepokea heshima mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na: * Kutunukiwa nishani ya OBE (Order of the British Empire) mwaka 2011 kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya uchapishaji. * Tuzo ya ''Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature''. * Heshima ya kuteuliwa kuwa jaji katika tuzo mbalimbali za kimataifa za fasihi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zimbabwe]] g1n6dmm31owao7pk80v83mmuqkcdss2 0 224111 1550298 1492700 2026-05-25T12:28:10Z GeertivpBot 59750 #pwb Copy label [[c:Category:Hippoliet van Peene|Commons category Hippoliet van Peene]] 1550298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portret van dr. Hippoliet Jan van Peene, Vlaams geneesheer, toneelschrijver en regisseur 1843 barcode 910000046115.jpg|thumb|Hippoliet Van Peene]] '''Hippoliet Jan Van Peene''' ([[1 Januari]] [[1811]] mjini Kaprijke – [[19 Februari]] [[1864]] mjini Ghent) alikuwa tabibu na mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza wa [[Ubelgiji]]. Hippoliet alisomea udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Leuven na akawa tabibu mjini Kaprijke na baadaye mjini Ghent. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{Commons category|Hippoliet van Peene}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1811]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1864]] [[jamii:wanasayansi wa Ubelgiji]] nfq4d1pyk4vq0lrfl6bdo68wqidfrx7 0 227987 1550502 1509338 2026-05-26T01:20:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayo Ayoola''' alikuwa mwanaharakati wa amani wa Nigeria. Kwa maelezo ya Women in Peace, akiwa na umri mdogo, Ayoola-Amale alijiunga na harakati za amani . Alipata nafasi ya kuwa mshirika wa Klabu ya Rotary, Klabu ya Rotaract, Waongozaji Wasichana, na Wanawake nchini Nigeria (WIN). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kritya {{!}} Poetry in our Time|url=https://kritya.in/poetry-in-our-time-eng-feb-25/|accessdate=2025-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref> Makala ya 2024 kwenye tovuti ya Peace From Harmony indhihirisha kwamba akiwa kijana, alijihusisha na vikundi vya Waongozaji Wasichana venye lengo la masuala ya haki za kijamii, ijumuishi na [[Ukatili dhidi ya wanawake|ukatili dhidi ya wanawake na wasichana]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale: Muse of Peace and Poetic Harmony in Africa|url=https://www.peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=524|accessdate=2024-09-18|work=www.peacefromharmony.org}}</ref> Baba yake ni mkongwe wa vita wa Nigeria, wakili na mtaalamu wa usalama ambaye alitoa huduma nchini Nigeria kwa nafasi ya Mshauri wa Usalama wa Taifa na kwa nafasi ya Mshauri wa Usalama wa Makamu wa Rais, na Mkurugenzi wa Huduma ya Usalama wa Nchi . <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/956658431|title=2016 Eighth International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI) : 14-16 Feb. 2016.|last=Thailand)|first=IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (8th : 2016 : Chiang Mai|date=30 November 2017|isbn=9781522530336|oclc=956658431}}</ref> Mama yake alikuwa ni binti mfalme na mfanyabiashara . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|accessdate=2023-08-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005102024/https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwenye makamu yake ya umri wa miaka 10, Ayoola-Amale alihamisha makazi Kaskazini mwa Nigeria kuishi kwenye eneo lililowekwa kando na serikali la [[Kano (jimbo)|Kano]], kwasababu ya kazi ya baba yake. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa Shule ya Sekondari ya St. Louis, Bompai, Kano. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Welcome :: ST LOUIS SECONDARY SCHOOL KANO|url=http://www.stlouisgirlskano.sch.ng|accessdate=2025-01-12|work=www.stlouisgirlskano.sch.ng}}</ref> Alisomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo na aliitwa kuwa mwanasheria mwaka wa 1993. Baadaye alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos, ambapo alipata shahada ya LLM, na Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana, akihitimu na LLM katika Utatuzi wa Migogoro Mbadala (ADR), mwanafunzi wa Clingendael na UNITAR akiwa na vyeti vya kitaaluma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, na Chuo Kikuu cha San Diego. == Kazi == Ayoola-Amale ni wakili, mwenye upeo wa utatuzi wa migogoro, mchunguzi wa migogoro, mwezeshaji aliyeidhinishwa, na kiongozi kwenye First Conflict Resolution Services, Inc. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fcrsi.wordpress.com/|title=First Conflict Resolution Services|work=First Conflict Resolution Services|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-22}}</ref> Yeye ni mshirika wa Taasisi ya Wasuluhishi Iliyoidhinishwa, [[Uingereza]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ciarb.org/membership/members-directory?page=45|title=Members Directory|work=www.ciarb.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235000/http://www.ciarb.org/membership/members-directory?page=45|archivedate=22 January 2018}}</ref> Alikuwa ameshika nafasi ya Mhadhiri Mkuu na Mkuu wa Idara ya Sheria, Kitivo cha Sheria, Chuo Kikuu cha Kings, Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin na Chuo Kikuu cha Teknolojia cha Ghana, Accra, [[Ghana]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Elawyernigeria|date=2024-03-26|title=TOP 50 LEADING WOMEN IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN NIGERIA|url=https://elawyernigeria.com/top-50-leading-women-in-the-nigerian-legal-profession/|accessdate=2025-02-08|work=Elawyer|language=en-US}}</ref> === Kama mwanasheria na mtaalamu wa utatuzi wa migogoro === Ayoola-Amale tekeleza utendaji wake wa kazi kwenye uwanja wa sheria ndani ya nchi ya Nigeria, Ghana na [[Senegal]] . Alikuwa mwanachama na kiongozi wa idara ya sheria za kibiashara ndani ya Ayo, Ajibulu na Co., Watendaji wa Sheria na Notari, [[Lagos]], na Bayo Ayorinde na Co., Watendaji wa Sheria, Lagos. Yeye ni Mfuatiliaj wa Malalamiko na Mpatanishi wa Wapatanishi wa Kimataifa wa Beyond Borders, [[Marekani]]. Amekamilisha machapisho kwenye mikutano tofauti tofauti ya ndani na kimataifa juu ya utatuzi wa migogoro, sheria na utendaji wa mali na biashara, elimu ya amani, na amani na usalama wa wanawake, miongoni mwa mada zingine. Pamoja na hayo alikuwa mshauri wa kisheria wa Chama cha Waandishi wa Ghana (GAW), [[Accra]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/wap/article.php?ID=197019|title=Executive members of Ghana Association of Writers take office|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=8 November 2010|work=mobile.ghanaweb.com/|accessdate=24 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023254/http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/wap/article.php?ID=197019|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Kazi == === Kazi ya kujenga amani === Ayoola-Amale aliunda rasmi Ligi ya Wanawake ya Kimataifa ya Amani na Uhuru (WILPF), Sehemu ya Ghana, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wilpfghana.org/|title=WILPF Ghana|work=WILPF Ghana|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-22|archivedate=7 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107135445/https://wilpfghana.org/}}</ref> na Miji ya Kimataifa ya Amani, Lagos Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=International Cities of Peace – Love of Community. Love of Place. Inspire Peace™|url=https://www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org/|accessdate=2025-01-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Yeye ni mshiriki wa Peace Roal pia ameshkilia nafasi ya Makamu Mkuu wa Rais wa Afrika wa Chama cha Kimataifa cha Waelimishaji wa Amani Duniani (IAEWP) na pamoja na hayo ni Mwenyekiti wa Kanda wa Afrika wa Tume ya Kidiplomasia ya IAEWP (NGO ECOSOC, [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ). IAEWP ilikuwa mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Mjumbe wa Amani mnamo wa 1987 kupokea kutoka kwa Umoja wa Mataifa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IAEWP (NGO ECOSOC United Nations): Diplomatic Commission|url=http://iaewp2u.blogspot.com/p/as-iaewp-is-cruizing-towards-50th.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915112302/http://iaewp2u.blogspot.com/p/as-iaewp-is-cruizing-towards-50th.html|archivedate=15 September 2017|accessdate=2018-01-22|work=IAEWP (NGO ECOSOC United Nations)}}</ref> Yeye ndiye Chansela wa Kitaifa wa awali wa Tawi la IAEWP la Nigeria na Makamu wa Rais wa zamani wa Kimataifa wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]] . Ayoola-Amale ni ana nafasi ya Makamu wa Rais wa [https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=249 Chama cha Maelewano Duniani] (GHA) na ni Raisi wa GHA Afrika. <ref name="PfH">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=524|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale: Muse of Poetic Harmony in Africa|author=Semashko|first=Leo|work=peacefromharmony.org|accessdate=17 November 2013}}</ref> Pia hapo nyuma alishika nafasi ya Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa [http://www.ipan.gov.ng/ Kundi la Kampuni la Pearl-Allied] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ipan.gov.ng/ |date=20210613224611 }}, Nigeria (mwaka wa 1996– mwaka wa 2008). Yeye ni mwanakikundi a wa Timu ya Kimataifa ya Wataalamu Waliojitolea, Taasisi ya One Humanity, Auschwitz-Oswiecim, Poland; <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://onehumanity.institute/about-us/|title=ABOUT US|work=onehumanity.institute|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-22|archivedate=30 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830042737/http://onehumanity.institute/about-us/}}</ref> mwanachama wa Baraza la Ushauri la Viongozi, Miji ya Amani ya Kimataifa, Marekani; <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org/cities-listing/ikorodu-nigeria/|title=Ikorodu, Nigeria – International Cities of Peace|work=www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122182735/http://www.internationalcitiesofpeace.org/cities-listing/ikorodu-nigeria/|archivedate=22 January 2018}}</ref> mwanachama wa Bodi ya Ushauri ya Kimataifa ya Chama cha Katiba na Bunge Duniani (WCPA), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.radford.edu/gmartin/Int.Adv.Bd.Wld.Coord.Coun.htm|title=World Coordinating Council of the Earth Federation Movement and the International Advisory Board / Executive Council of WCPA|work=www.radford.edu|accessdate=2018-01-22|archivedate=14 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514070635/https://www.radford.edu/gmartin/Int.Adv.Bd.Wld.Coord.Coun.htm}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://earth-constitution.org/about/leaders/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719113702/http://earth-constitution.org/about/leaders/|archivedate=19 July 2017|title=Our Leaders – The Earth Constitution|work=earth-constitution.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-22}}</ref> na mwanachama wa Bodi ya Ushauri ya Kimataifa ya Sri Ramanuja Mission Trust, [[Uhindi|India]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info/page5255.html?id=9|title=Advisors|work=www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info|accessdate=2018-01-22|archive-date=2017-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224233554/http://www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info/page5255.html?id=9|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info/pagedac1.html?id=32|title=ramanuja|work=www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info|accessdate=2018-01-22|archive-date=2018-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181659/http://www.sriramanujamissiontrust.info/pagedac1.html?id=32|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni Balozi wa Wakfu wa Love, Uingereza, na alishiriki katika mfululizo wa mahojiano ''ya Love Begins with Me'' UK. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thelovefoundation.com/loveambassadors/|title=Love Ambassadors – The Love Foundation|author=becker|first=the love foundation, harold|work=www.thelovefoundation.com|accessdate=2018-01-22}}</ref> == Tuzo == * Balozi wa Amani wa Ulimwenguni (Tuzo kutoka Shirikisho la Amani la Ulimwenguni la Kimataifa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|accessdate=2022-02-23|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223092542/https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625175824/https://dawncommission.org/ayo-ayoola-amale/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2013: Mpatanishi Mheshimiwa wa Kimataifa (Shirika la Upatanishi Duniani) Berlin, Ujerumani <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.worldmediation.org/activities/hgmc.html|title=WMO Honorable Global Mediator|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|work=worldmediation.org|publisher=World Mediation Organization|accessdate=24 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102408/http://www.worldmediation.org/activities/hgmc.html|archivedate=24 December 2013}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> * Balozi wa Amani Duniani wa IAEWP, IAEWP <ref name="peacefromharmony.org">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale: Muse of Peace and Poetic Harmony in Africa|url=https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=524|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=peacefromharmony.org}}</ref> * Balozi, Wakfu wa Upendo, Uingereza (2011) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Love Ambassadors - The Love Foundation|url=https://www.thelovefoundation.com/loveambassadors/|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=www.thelovefoundation.com}}</ref> * Chuo cha Amani ya Ulimwenguni, Jiji la New York - Balozi Mkuu wa Amani ya Ulimwenguni <ref name="peacefromharmony.org" /> * Jumba la Makumbusho la Ulinganifu wa Kishairi, 2011 <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ayo Ayoola-Amale: Muse of Peace and Poetic Harmony in Africa|url=https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=524|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=peacefromharmony.org}}</ref> * Balozi wa amani na maelewano, Global Harmony International, 2010 <ref name=":1" /> * Mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Pentasi B Universal Inspirational Poet, 2016 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PENTASI B World Friendship Poetry {{!}} 43 days to go...|url=https://da-dk.facebook.com/groups/PentasiB/posts/1844875275537813/|accessdate=2022-07-16|work=da-dk.facebook.com|language=da}}</ref> * Mshindi wa Tuzo ya Mwandishi wa Dunia 2024 == Tazama pia == * Orodha ya wanaharakati wa amani * [[Orodha ya waandishi wa Afrika|Orodha ya waandishi wa Kiafrika kwa nchi]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t10ec89hanqg2lw1uq2xffospn5i233 0 229941 1550562 1544392 2026-05-26T03:24:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bolaji Titilayo Olamide''' (alizaliwa [[27 Novemba|Novemba 27]], [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Nigeria]] ambaye anacheza kama [[Forward (association football)|mshambuliaji]] wa Remo Stars Ladies na timu ya taifa ya Wanawake ya Nigeria . Olamide ndiye mshindi wa Golden Boot katika Ligi Kuu ya NWFL . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-05-18|title=Remo Stars Ladies forward Bolaji Olamide Wins NWFL Premiership Top Scorer Award – The NWFL|url=https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/18/remo-stars-ladies-forward-bolaji-olamide-wins-nwfl-premiership-top-scorer-award/|accessdate=2025-07-31|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206051728/https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/18/remo-stars-ladies-forward-bolaji-olamide-wins-nwfl-premiership-top-scorer-award/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Olamide alichezea Osun Babes <ref>"Osun Babes' Olamide targets Flying Officer's Cup glory"''. Daily Trust. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref> <ref>"FC Robo, Osun Babes reach Flying Officer's Cup semi-final"''. Daily Trust. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref> <ref>''Oyebola, Mike (2022-12-08).'' "NWFL: Rivers Angels back to winning ways, Edo Queens win big"''. Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref> na Sunshine Queens, <ref>''Newspaper, The Hope (2024-04-17).'' "NWFL Matchday 13: Olamide lone goal sinks Ekiti Queens in Akure"''. The Hope. Akure, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref> <ref>''Newspaper, The Hope (2024-02-14).'' "NWFL Matchday 8: Sunshine Queens stroll past Delta Queens"''. The Hope. Akure, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref> ambapo alibadilika kutoka kiungo wa kati hadi mshambuliaji, kabla ya kujiunga na Remo Stars Ladies mnamo 2025. <ref>''Adesanya, Taiwo (2025-01-14).'' "NWFL: Remo Stars Ladies sign 10 players for new season"''. Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-07-31.''</ref>Mnamo Januari 15, 2025, alifunga bao lake la kwanza kwa Remo Stars Ladies katika mechi yake ya kwanza ya ligi, katika ushindi wa 3-1 dhidi ya Confluence Queens. Alifunga katika michezo sita iliyofuata, ikiwa ni pamoja na mabao mawili dhidi ya Heartland Queens na Abia Angels, na kufikisha jumla ya mabao 9 katika michezo 7. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=SPORTS|first=BSN|title=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash|url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Bolaji-Olamide-Optimistic-Of-Victory-as-Remo-Stars-Ladies-Prepare-for-Nasarawa-Amazons-Clash|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Obah|first=Amara|date=2025-06-06|title=NWFL: Remo Stars Ladies Olamide Bolaji remarkable rise|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nwfl-remo-stars-ladies-olamide-bolaji-remarkable-rise/|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=ACLSports|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2025-06-14|title=Bolaji Olamide: Meet Remo Stars 15-goal youngster ready to fire Super Falcons to WAFCON glory|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/bolaji-olamide-meet-remo-stars-15-goal-youngster-ready-to-fire-super-falcons-to-wafcon-glory-2025061413324351998|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Olamide alitajwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Wiki wa NWFL kwenye Mechi ya 5 na alishinda tuzo mbili mfululizo za Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi kati ya Januari na Februari 2025. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=SPORTS|first=BSN|title=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash|url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Bolaji-Olamide-Optimistic-Of-Victory-as-Remo-Stars-Ladies-Prepare-for-Nasarawa-Amazons-Clash|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili 16, 2025, alifunga bao la kusawazisha dakika ya 88 dhidi ya Heartland Queens katika [[Uwanja wa michezo wa Dan Anyiam|Uwanja wa Dan Anyiam]] huko [[Owerri]] na kufikisha bao lake la 10 katika msimu huu, na kukomesha ukame wa mabao wa michezo minne. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2024/2025 NWFL Match Day 12: Spirited Heartland Queens play 1-1 against Remo Stars Ladies {{!}} Africa Sport Network|url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-2025-nwfl-match-day-12-spirited-heartland-queens-play-1-1-against-remo-stars-ladies|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=www.africasport.net}}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa kawaida akiwa na mabao 14 katika michezo 14, idadi kubwa zaidi ya mabao katika ligi, huku Remo Stars Ladies ikifuzu kwa NWFL Super Six. Mnamo Mei 13, 2025, Olamide alifunga bao pekee dhidi ya Naija Ratels huku Remo Stars Ladies ikishinda mchezo wao wa pili mfululizo katika Super Six, jambo lililowaweka kileleni mwa jedwali. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-05-13|title=Remo Stars Ladies 1-0 Naija Ratels: Bolaji Olamide fires debutants to second straight win – The NWFL|url=https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/13/remo-stars-ladies-1-0-naija-ratels-bolaji-olamide-fires-debutants-to-second-straight-win/|accessdate=2025-07-31|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616035856/https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/13/remo-stars-ladies-1-0-naija-ratels-bolaji-olamide-fires-debutants-to-second-straight-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Olamide alichezea timu ya Wanawake ya Nigeria ya U-17 mwaka wa 2020. Mnamo Machi 14, 2020, alitolewa nje kwa kadi nyekundu wakati wa mapumziko dhidi ya Guinea, wakati wa mechi za kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la U-17 . Nigeria ilishinda mchezo huo kwa mabao 5-1 katika [[Uwanja wa michezo wa Agege|Uwanja wa Agege]], ikisonga mbele kwa jumla ya mabao 11-2. Mashindano hayo baadaye yalifutwa kutokana na janga la [[Mlipuko wa virusi vya korona 2019-20|COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-11-17|title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2020 cancelled; India to host 2022 edition|url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/37608793/fifa-u-17-women-world-cup-2020-cancelled-india-host-2022-edition|accessdate=2025-07-31|work=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] o35f2d6m06acbq7njvfzbfkwturv013 3 230362 1550789 1509614 2026-05-26T10:12:31Z Mitana Kadorho 88890 /* Utambulisho wa Mitana Kadorho */ mjadala mpya 1550789 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Utambulisho wa Mitana Kadorho == Mitana Kadorho ni mwalimu, mchungaji, mwandishi, msanii wa nyimbo za injili kwa ujumla ni msanii kitaaluma. Alizaliwa tarehe 20 Agosti 1982, Bukavu, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Alisoma katika Ecole Primaire Bingwa Bagira/Bukavu. Jiunge na shule ya upili katika Institut Fadhili de Kaawa na kupata diploma ya ualimu mwaka 1998. Mnamo 2003, alishiriki katika tamasha la injili lililoandaliwa Kampala katika Kanisa Kuu la Miracle Centre, alijiunga na: Africa Academic Ministry International ambapo alipata degree ya kiteologia mnamo mwaka wa 2006. Amefannyikiwa kutembea na kujibu aliko toka mataifa mbalimbali kama: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Botwana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na kadhalika. Ameajiriwa na Shule za kimataifa: Entebbe junior 2007 na kwa leo anafanya kazi na shule la kimataifa la: Pearl of Africa International. Anazo albums mbili za ki injli ikiwemo: SIKU TUNAZOISHI, Volume 1, 2000 TOUT EST VANITE, Volume 2, 2008 [https://translate.google.com/?gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyCQgBEAAYChiABDIGCAIQRRg5MgsIAxAAGAoYCxiABDILCAQQABgKGAsYgAQyCwgFEAAYChgLGIAEMgsIBhAAGAoYCxiABDILCAcQABgKGAsYgAQyCwgIEAAYChgLGIAEMgsICRAAGAoYCxiABNIBCjI0OTkzajBqMTWoAgiwAgHxBUFyp14FrVCo&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&client=tw-ob#en/sw/page%20with%20'Mitana%20Kadorho%20is%20a%20teacher,%20pastor%20and%20a%20gospel%20singer%20writer,%20artist%20by%20profession.%20Born%20on%2020th%20August%201982,%20in%20Bukavu,%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo.%20He%20studied%20at%20Ecole%20Primaire%20Bingwa%20Bagira/Bukavu.%20Join%20high%20school%20at%20Institut%20Fadhili%20de%20Kaawa%20and%20got%20a%20diploma%20in%20pedagogy%20in%201998.%20In%202003,%20he%20participated%20to%20the%20gospel%20festival%20organized%20in%20Kampala%20at%20Miracle%20Centre%20Cathedral,%20joined:%20Africa%20Academic%20Ministry%20International%20where Open in Google Translate] '''[[Mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho|Mitana Kadorho]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:12, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 2r1dh4m0rgpg5ggqm5kjzotsz29m48l 0 235084 1550445 1543536 2026-05-25T20:48:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sékoumar Barry''' (pia huitwa Sékou Oumar Barry, alizaliwa [[1935]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka [[Guinea]], ambaye alisomea utengenezaji wa filamu nchini [[Ufaransa]] na katika [[Yugoslavia]] ya zamani. Alianza kuishi mji wa [[Conakry]] mwaka [[2024]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Sékoumar Barry|url=https://africine.org/personne/sekoumar-barry/56315|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-14|language=fr|archive-date=2024-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130105839/http://africine.org/personne/sekoumar-barry/56315|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Barry Sékoumar|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=56315|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-14|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9642023/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-14}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Elferink|first=Eva Oude Elferink Correspondent West-en Centraal Afrika (Dakar) Profiel Eva Oude|title=De film die al 55 jaar Guinee’s onafhankelijkheid bezingt, pijnigt de bejubelde maker nu: ‘Ook wij geloofden in revolutie’|date=2024-10-01|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/10/01/de-film-die-al-55-jaar-guinees-onafhankelijkheid-bezingt-pijnigt-de-bejubelde-maker-nu-ook-wij-geloofden-in-revolutie-a4867748|work=NRC|language=nl-NL|access-date=2026-05-14|last2=Elferink|first2=Eva Oude Elferink Correspondent West-en Centraal Afrika (Dakar) Profiel Eva Oude}}</ref> Barry alisoma filamu nchini Ufaransa kwa udhamini, wakati akiwa nchini kwake Guinea kura ya maoni ya katiba ya Guinea ya mwaka [[1958]] ilikataa pendekezo la De Gaulle kuhusu jumuiya ya kimataifa ya Kifaransa-Afrika badala ya uhuru wa taifa.<ref name=":0" /> Udhamini wa Kifaransa wa Barry ulifutwa, lakini baada ya kurudi Guinea rais mpya Sékou Touré alitaka yeye na wengine waendelee kusoma utengenezaji wa filamu nje ya nchi, Barry akisoma katika Yugoslavia ya zamani. Huko Conakry, wakurugenzi wachanga wa filamu walikuwa watumishi wa umma katika kampuni ya uzalishaji na usambazaji wa filamu ya serikali ya ''Syli Cinéma''. Baada ya kutengeneza makala fupi kuhusu kilimo cha mpunga (''Grenier à riz'', tafsiri: Ghala la mpunga) na usafi wa mazingira (''L'Assainissement''), serikali mnamo mwaka [[1968]] ilimwezesha Barry kuunda filamu ya kitaifa ''Et vint la liberté'' (tafsiri: Na uhuru ukaja) aliyosherehekea jubilei ya miaka kumi ya uhuru wa Guinea.<ref name=":0" /> Utawala wa Touré ulikuwa umejengwa juu ya hofu na ukandamizaji, ukifunga maelfu baada ya jaribio la mapinduzi lililoshindikana mwaka 1970, wengi katika kambi ya mateso ya Boiro. Barry na watengenezaji wengine wa filamu walikamatwa na kuteswa, lakini aliachiliwa baada ya miezi minane.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:watu wa Guinea]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] ncers0y5kv14pqeuusqvw0h2d06clk3 0 235525 1550751 1544164 2026-05-26T09:39:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Débora Salgueiro de Menezes''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1994) ni mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] kutoka chama cha Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006, Chama cha Kiliberali (PL). Anafanya kazi kama Mbunge wa Jimbo (state deputy) katika [[Legislative Assembly of Amazonas|Bunge la Jimbo la Amazonas]] tangu mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aleam.gov.br/deputados/debora-menezes/|title=Débora Menezes|publisher=Legislative Assembly of Amazonas|language=pt|accessdate=2026-05-16|archive-date=2026-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121062800/https://www.aleam.gov.br/deputados/debora-menezes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.aleam.gov.br/ Bunge la Jimbo la Amazonas (ALEAM)] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aleam.gov.br/ |date=20260317145607 }} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1994||Menezes, Debora}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Manaus]] 3sg5vqoqte3gv7g1sz5pwbrsvxnj1gp 0 235709 1550637 1544341 2026-05-26T06:28:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kátia Tapety''' (alizaliwa 24 Aprili 1949) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za kibinadamu na mwanasiasa mstaafu wa [[Brazil]]. Alitengeneza historia kubwa ya kisiasa nchini humo kwa kuwa mwanasiasa wa kwanza mtu aliyetoka jinsia moja kwenda nyingine ([[transgender]]/[[travesti]]) kuwahi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi ya utawala wa umma katika historia ya Brazil.<ref name=TAPETY>{{cite web | url=http://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2013/03/filme-sobre-o-primeiro-politico-travesti-do-brasil-e-lancado-em-teresina.html |title= Filme sobre o primeiro político travesti do Brasil é lançado em THE |publisher=g1.globo.com |date= 25 Machi 2013 |access-date=25 Mei 2018|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.Coloniadopiaui.pi.leg.br/ Tovuti ya Serikali ya Colônia do Piauí]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949||Tapety, Katia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tr02damxojmq69lnkl6v05isx2prhgi 0 235714 1550448 1544359 2026-05-25T21:05:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kátia Tapety''' (alizaliwa 24 Aprili 1949) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za kibinadamu na mwanasiasa mstaafu wa [[Brazil]]. Alitengeneza historia kubwa ya kisiasa nchini humo kwa kuwa mwanasiasa wa kwanza mtu aliyetoka jinsia moja kwenda nyingine ([[transgender]]/[[travesti]]) kuwahi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi ya utawala wa umma katika historia ya Brazil.<ref name=TAPETY>{{cite web | url=http://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2013/03/filme-sobre-o-primeiro-politico-travesti-do-brasil-e-lancado-em-teresina.html |title= Filme sobre o primeiro político travesti do Brasil é lançado em THE |publisher=g1.globo.com |date= 25 Machi 2013 |access-date=25 Mei 2018|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.Coloniadopiaui.pi.leg.br/ Tovuti ya Serikali ya Colônia do Piauí]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949||Tapety, Katia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k8o5v4gikv5xgikgufeivmriife4tq7 0 235717 1550412 1544370 2026-05-25T18:39:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kátia Tapety''' (alizaliwa 24 Aprili 1949) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za kibinadamu na mwanasiasa mstaafu wa [[Brazil]]. Alitengeneza historia kubwa ya kisiasa nchini humo kwa kuwa mwanasiasa wa kwanza mtu aliyetoka jinsia moja kwenda nyingine ([[transgender]]/[[travesti]]) kuwahi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi ya utawala wa umma katika historia ya Brazil.<ref name=TAPETY>{{cite web | url=http://g1.globo.com/pi/piaui/noticia/2013/03/filme-sobre-o-primeiro-politico-travesti-do-brasil-e-lancado-em-teresina.html |title= Filme sobre o primeiro político travesti do Brasil é lançado em THE |publisher=g1.globo.com |date= 25 Machi 2013 |access-date=25 Mei 2018|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.Coloniadopiaui.pi.leg.br/ Tovuti ya Serikali ya Colônia do Piauí]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949||Tapety, Katia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tr02damxojmq69lnkl6v05isx2prhgi 0 235725 1550572 1544405 2026-05-26T04:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camila Costa Valadão''', anajulikana zaidi kisiasa kama '''Camila Valadão''' (alizaliwa 29 Agosti 1984), ni mfanya kazi wa kijamii, mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake, na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] kutoka chama cha [[Socialism and Liberty Party]]. Anafanya kazi kama Mbunge wa Jimbo (state deputy) katika Bunge la Jimbo la [[Espírito Santo]] tangu mwaka 2023. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.al.es.gov.br/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Bunge la Jimbo la Espírito Santo (ALES)]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984||Valadao, Camila}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5eg16vdzskp54q1it4v65j9e6zaggp8 0 235786 1550723 1544708 2026-05-26T08:24:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diallo Fadima Touré''' ni raia mwenye asili ya Ufaransa na Kanada aliyerejea [[Mali]], na alikuwa Waziri wa Utamaduni na Utalii wa Mali. Alihudumu katika serikali ya kwanza na ya pili iliyoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu Cheick Modibo Diarra kuanzia 24 Aprili 2012 hadi 15 Desemba 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ministre de l’Artisanat, de la Culture et du Tourisme : Mme Diallo Fadima Touré {{!}} L’ESSOR : Quotidien National d’Information du Mali|url=http://essor.ml/politique/article/ministre-de-l-artisanat-de-la|work=essor.ml|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=fr-FR|author=OXADEL NETWORKS|archive-date=2012-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113123523/http://essor.ml/politique/article/ministre-de-l-artisanat-de-la|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ro9atqhoa906y6v3ax3wnx979hwhaoa 0 235830 1550659 1544644 2026-05-26T06:52:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cristina Campo''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Vittoria Maria Angelica Marcella Cristina Guerrini'''; [[Bologna]], [[29 Aprili]] [[1923]] – [[Roma]], [[10 Januari]] [[1977]]) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, na mtafsiri kutoka nchini [[Italia]].<ref name="bologna">{{cite web |url=https://www.stopiaememoriadibologna.it/archivio/persone/campo-cristina-dettoa-vittoria-guerrini |title=Campo Cristina detto/a Vittoria Guerrini |work=Storia e Memoria di Bologna |language=it |access-date=16 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alichapisha kazi zake kwa kutumia majina ya siri ya '''Puccio Quaratesi''', '''Bernardo Trevisano''', '''Giusto Cabianca''', na '''Benedetto P. d'Angelo'''.<ref name="treccani">{{cite web |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/cristina-campo/ |title=Campo, Cristina katika Enciclopedia Treccani |publisher=Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana |language=it |access-date=16 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|1977}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1977]] tsak5dsb6wpfqwnpq1pxf310fqssadb 0 235891 1550578 1544768 2026-05-26T04:18:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmen Moscariello''' (alizaliwa Formia, 1953) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchini [[Italia]].<ref name="poeti">{{cite web |url=https://www.poetiopoesia.com/carmen-moscariello |title=Carmen Moscariello na ushairi wake |work=Poeti e Poesia |language=it |access-date=17 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alifahamika sana kwa mchango wake katika fasihi ya Kiitalia na alianzisha tuzo mbalimbali za kitamaduni nchini humo.<ref name="telefree">{{cite web |url=http://www.telefree.it/news.php?op=view&id=26265 |title=Mchango wa kitamaduni wa Carmen Moscariello |work=Telefree Italia |language=it |access-date=17 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] nr6u853ck21ocwjzm93j8gcd47fuilw 0 235892 1550576 1545077 2026-05-26T04:11:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carla Porta Musa''' ([[Como]], 15 Machi 1902 – Como, 10 Oktoba 2012) alikuwa mwanamke mwandishi wa insha, mshairi, aliyeishi umri mrefu sana kutoka nchini [[Italia]].<ref name="corriere">{{cite web |url=https://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/12_ottobre_10/morta-carla-porta-musa-scrittrice-como-110-anni-2112191547432.shtml |title=Morta Carla Porta Musa, alikuwa na umri wa miaka 110 |work=Corriere della Sera |language=it |date=10 Oktoba 2012 |access-date=17 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alichapisha vitabu na mashairi mengi na alifikisha umri wa miaka 110 kabla ya kufariki dunia.<ref name="repubblica">{{cite web |url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/10/10/news/addio_a_carla_porta_musa_la_scrittrice_aveva_110_anni-44243642/ |title=Addio a Carla Porta Musa, alikuwa mwandishi mkongwe zaidi |work=La Repubblica |language=it |date=10 Oktoba 2012 |access-date=17 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1902|2012}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 6cf04d1bor54bcpp1yb0qt8650rxdez 0 235901 1550574 1545088 2026-05-26T04:03:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camilla Salvago Raggi''' ([[Genova]], 1 Machi 1924 – Novi Ligure, 6 Aprili 2022) alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka nchini [[Italia]].<ref name="repubblica">{{cite web |url=https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2022/04/06/news/addio_a_camilla_salvago_raggi_marchesa_e_scrittrice_aveva_98_anni-344443153/ |title=Addio a Camilla Salvago Raggi, marchesa e scrittrice |work=La Repubblica |language=it |date=6 Aprili 2022 |access-date=17 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya [[Rapallo Carige Prize|Rapallo Carige]] mnamo mwaka 1993 kwa kazi yake ya ''Prima del fuoco''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/1995/04/28/Cronaca/SCRITTRICI-PREMIO-RAPALLO-CARIGE-A-MAGGIO_134600.php|title=SCRITTRICI: PREMIO RAPALLO-CARIGE A MAGGIO|website=www1.adnkronos.com|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1924|2022}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] ck6bwmvph4vrp0r1gkaq4e0xu8xolii 0 235918 1550708 1544889 2026-05-26T08:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denise Coates''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 26]], [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi, mbia mkuu, na afisa mkuu mtendaji mwenza wa kampuni ya kamari ya mtandaoni [[bet365]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa watendaji wanaolipwa zaidi nchini Uingereza na mwanamke mtendaji anayelipwa zaidi. Mnamo Desemba [[2024]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa [[pauni]] bilioni 9.5.<ref>{{Rejea habari|last1=Gill|first1=Oliver|last2=Foy|first2=Simon|date=2019-12-18|title=Bet365's Denise Coates cements place as world's best-paid woman with £320m payday|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2019/12/18/bet365-chief-denise-coates-retains-crown-britains-best-paid/|access-date=2020-05-26|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Powell |first=Emma |date=2025-12-23 |title=Bet365 boss Denise Coates paid £280m despite fall in profits |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business/companies-markets/article/bet365-boss-denise-coates-salary-pay-281-million-gambling-lzd6vpvsc |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="birminghamgist.com">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-12-27 |title="Meet Denise Coates, Britain's Richest Woman, Worth £9.5 Billion: See Inside Her Jaw-Dropping Mansion and How She Built Her Fortune" |url=https://birminghamgist.com/2024/12/27/meet-denise-coates-britains-richest-woman-worth-9-5-billion-see-inside-her-jaw-dropping-mansion-and-how-she-built-her-fortune/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Birminghamgist |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227152902/https://birminghamgist.com/2024/12/27/meet-denise-coates-britains-richest-woman-worth-9-5-billion-see-inside-her-jaw-dropping-mansion-and-how-she-built-her-fortune/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2600861zfnq5hmyrat0axdd0n8v0god 0 236034 1550781 1544934 2026-05-26T09:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Captain Edward Lyman Abbott''' (1 Mei 1891 – 14 Agosti 1918) alikuwa mwanamichezo wa [[Kanada]] aliyebobea katika michezo mbalimbali na pia askari. Abbott alijulikana kama mwanamichezo hodari katika [[Regina, Saskatchewan]], na alishinda ubingwa wa kitaifa katika hoki ya barafu na mpira wa raga. Pia ndiye aliyekuwa chanzo cha jina la Abbott Cup, na ametambuliwa katika Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame. Alikuwa afisa aliyepambwa medali katika Canadian Expeditionary Force, na alifariki akiwa vitani katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia nchini [[France|Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Abbott alizaliwa tarehe 1 Mei 1891 katika Lovering, Ontario, mtoto wa James Henry Abbott na Mary Ann Jackson.<ref name="archives">{{cite web|url=[http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=119|title=Abbott](http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=119|title=Abbott), Edward Lyman|website=Library and Archives Canada|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref><ref name="Project">{{cite web|url=[http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com/searches/soldierDetail.asp?Id=37497|title=Captain](http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com/searches/soldierDetail.asp?Id=37497|title=Captain) Edward Lyman Abbott|website=Canadian Great War Project|access-date=2018-01-24}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="veterans2">{{cite web|url=[http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/580500|title=Captain](http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/580500|title=Captain) Edward Lyman Abbott|website=The Canadian Virtual War Memorial|publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1918}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] b7ziafzfvvlrsty3of1n7t2qnuvb5vf 0 236081 1550675 1545116 2026-05-26T07:27:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danielle Collobert''' (matamshi ya Kifaransa: {{IPA|fr|danjɛl kɔlɔbɛʁ}}; 23 Julai 1940 – 23 Julai 1978) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, na mwandishi wa habari kutoka nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name="radiofrance">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/poesie-et-ainsi-de-suite/danielle-collobert-l-ecriture-a-vif-4302636 |title=Danielle Collobert, l'écriture à vif |work=Radio France |language=fr |access-date=17 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kazi zake nyingi za fasihi zilijulikana kwa mtindo wa kipekee wa majaribio na ziliungwa mkono na waandishi mashuhuri kama vile Raymond Queneau. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1940|1978}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] 0svl4fsqxfgz7mlqukvzv6hfeb0ciim 0 236126 1550742 1545148 2026-05-26T09:16:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Douglas Patrick Adam''' (7 Septemba 1923 – 24 Desemba 2001) alikuwa mchezaji na kocha wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] wa mpira wa magongo wa barafu (ice hockey) aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji (forward). Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya michezo, yaliyoanzia mwaka 1942 hadi 1961, katika ligi ndogo, lakini pia alicheza michezo minne katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Magongo (NHL) akiwa na New York Rangers katika msimu wa 1949–50. Alizaliwa [[Toronto]], Ontario. == Kazi == Adam alisajiliwa na New York Rangers kama free agent mwaka 1947, na alicheza kwa timu mbalimbali washirika wa Rangers katika ligi ndogo hadi mwaka 1955.<ref name=NYR /> Mwezi Februari 1950, Adam alicheza michezo minne katika kiwango cha NHL akiwa na Rangers katika msimu wa 1949–50]], akiwa amevaa jezi namba 19.<ref name=NYR>{{cite web|title=Doug Adam|url=[http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444860|publisher=New](http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444860|publisher=New) York Rangers|accessdate=14 February 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180512/http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444860|archive-date=14](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180512/http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444860|archive-date=14) July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika michezo hiyo minne, hakufunga bao lolote lakini alitoa pasi moja ya bao.<ref name=NHL>{{cite web|title=Doug Adam|url=[http://www.nhl.com/ice/player.htm?id=8444860|publisher=NHL.com|accessdate=14](http://www.nhl.com/ice/player.htm?id=8444860|publisher=NHL.com|accessdate=14) February 2011}}</ref> Baada ya kuondoka katika mfumo wa Rangers, Adam alikua kocha-mchezaji wa Philadelphia Ramblers katika EHL.<ref name=EHL>{{cite web|title=Eastern Hockey League Transactions 1957-58|url=[http://www.theehl.com/page/transactions.htm|publisher=The](http://www.theehl.com/page/transactions.htm|publisher=The) EHL.com|accessdate=14 February 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Hockey db">{{cite web|title=Doug Adam profile|url=[http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=11560|publisher=Hockey](http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=11560|publisher=Hockey) db.com|accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza kucheza, Adam alikua kocha mkuu wa Rochester Americans wa AHL katika msimu wa 1971–72, lakini baadaye alibadilishwa katikati ya msimu na mchezaji wa timu hiyo Don Cherry.<ref name="Amerks 2 coach">{{cite web|title=Rochester Americans|url=[http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/multicoach.php?tid=3&season=1972|publisher=Hockey](http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/multicoach.php?tid=3&season=1972|publisher=Hockey) db.com|accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Amerks stats">{{cite web|title=Rochester Americans|url=[http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/display_standings.php?tmi=7733|publisher=Hockey](http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/display_standings.php?tmi=7733|publisher=Hockey) db.com|accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2001}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] jv7tp4njgfwrumzwcvjgcaq3vyi0qc9 0 236133 1550557 1545157 2026-05-26T03:14:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Adams''' (20 Desemba 1924 – 23 Februari 2019)<ref name="Obituary">[[https://nationalpost.com/sports/local-sports/adams](https://nationalpost.com/sports/local-sports/adams){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Bob Adams' obituary]</ref><ref>[[https://m.legacy.com/obituaries/timescolonist/obituary.aspx](https://m.legacy.com/obituaries/timescolonist/obituary.aspx){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Robert (Bob) Adams Obituary]</ref> alikuwa mwanariadha wa [[Kanada]] aliyebobea katika mwanariadha wa michezo kumi. Alishiriki katika Olimpiki za Majira ya Joto za 1952. Pia aliwakilisha Kanada katika Mashindano ya Dola ya Uingereza na Jumuiya ya Madola ya 1954, ambapo alishiriki katika mashindano ya pole vault na high jump. Alizaliwa katika Alsask, [[Saskatchewan]].<ref name=sref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/bob-adams-1.html](https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/bob-adams-1.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418081924/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/bob-adams-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20200418081924/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/bob-adams-1.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |accessdate=29 March 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|2019}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 1o9ibm34udgxob7q7dvthwjbi2onics 0 236196 1550564 1545293 2026-05-26T03:31:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brahim Chibout''' (24 Machi 1927 – 1 Agosti 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lqo/5216812|work=www.djazairess.com|accessdate=2026-05-17|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126062540/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lqo/5216812|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Mashujaa wa Vita (Veterans) katika serikali ya Belaid Abdessalam mwaka 1992. Alikuwa pia mmoja wa viongozi wa Jeshi la Ukombozi wa Taifa (National Liberation Army - ALN), ambalo lilikuwa tawi la kijeshi la harakati za kitaifa zilizopigania uhuru wa Algeria dhidi ya Ufaransa katika Vita vya Uhuru vya Algeria. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] k9z25p61ta9fq9nxzwpst1c7in9ck9a 0 236201 1550735 1545601 2026-05-26T08:58:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald J. Aitken''' (alizaliwa takribani mwaka 1945 ni mchezaji wa curling kutoka [[Kanada]], mwenye asili ya [[Montreal]]. Alikuwa mchezaji wa nafasi ya pili katika timu iliyoshinda mashindano ya Brier mwaka 1977, ikipeperusha bendera ya Quebec. Pia ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Curling wa Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/|title](http://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/|title) = Aitken, Don – CCA Hall of Fame | ACC Temple de la Renommée Virtuelle |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180101062825/https://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180101062825/https://www.curling.ca/hof/people/aitken-donald-j/) |archivedate=2018-01-01}}</ref><ref>Former teammates clash in curling semifinal: [Final Edition] By RANDY PHILLIPS of The Gazette. The Gazette [Montreal, Que] 05 Feb 1988: D1.</ref> Aitken alifanya kazi katika sekta ya nguo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{sports links}} * [[https://stats.curling.io/players/aitken-don](https://stats.curling.io/players/aitken-don){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Don Aitken – Curling Canada Stats Archive] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3mordrbtqcksb7lch8mj4d46n8kwdrf 0 236207 1550648 1545417 2026-05-26T06:35:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clinton Howard "The Professor" Albright''' (28 Februari 1926 – 30 Desemba 1999) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa hoki ya barafu kutoka [[Kanada]] aliyecheza nafasi ya senta. Alizaliwa mjini [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Albright alicheza michezo 59 katika National Hockey League (NHL) akiwa na timu ya New York Rangers katika msimu wa 1948–49, akivaa jezi namba 15.<ref name=NYR /> Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliovaa miwani wakati wa kucheza kwenye barafu.<ref name="NYR legends" /> == Wasifu wa uchezaji == Albright alicheza hoki ya vijana kwa timu ya Winnipeg Monarchs, na aliifikia mara mbili michuano ya Memorial Cup, akishinda mashindano hayo mwaka 1946.<ref name=legends>{{cite web|title=Clint Howard Albright|url=[http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11821|publisher=Legends](http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=11821|publisher=Legends) of Hockey|accessdate=20 Februari 2011}}</ref> Akiwa katika University of Manitoba akisomea [[mechanical engineering|uhandisi wa mitambo]], Albright aliichezea timu ya chuo hicho, na pia alishiriki katika mashindano ya Allan Cup akiwa na Winnipeg Flyers.<ref name="NYR legends">{{cite web|last=Pelletier|first=Joe|title=Clint Albright|url=[https://nyrangerslegends.blogspot.com/2010/02/clint-albright.html|publisher=New](https://nyrangerslegends.blogspot.com/2010/02/clint-albright.html|publisher=New) York Rangers Legends|accessdate=20 Februari 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baada ya msimu wake mmoja akiwa na Rangers, Albright alirejea chuoni kumalizia shahada yake,<ref name=NYR>{{cite web|title=Clint Albright|url=[http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444867|work=All-Time](http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444867|work=All-Time) Roster|publisher=New York Rangers|accessdate=20 Februari 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180636/http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444867|archive-date=14](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180636/http://rangers.nhl.com/club/atrplayer.htm?id=8444867|archive-date=14) Julai 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> na aliacha kabisa mchezo wa hoki kufikia mwaka 1954.<ref name=legends /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1926|1999}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] gbfrav6c1y72jvywymwbnlcvydss3m8 0 236211 1550559 1545421 2026-05-26T03:16:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Somerville Alexander''' (7 Agosti 1922 – 7 Aprili 1993) alikuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[baseball|besiboli]] kutoka [[Kanada]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama mpigaji wa kutupa mpira. Alisoma katika Chuo cha Bethany huko West Virginia. Alexander alisajiliwa na timu ya New York Yankees mwaka 1942. Hata hivyo, hakufanya mchezo wake wa kwanza katika Ligi Kuu ya Besiboli hadi mwaka 1955 alipochezea Baltimore Orioles. Pia aliwahi kuichezea Cleveland Indians nToei Flyers]] ya ligi ya Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Alexander ndiye mchezaji wa kwanza kutoka Kanada kucheza katika historia ya NPB.<ref>{{ cite web | url=[https://baseballking.jp/ns/column/207357?fbclid=IwAR3QncSdt-X8r-55IQNkKBmbzvIM0g39BotazS6m3ytmXHSKOag1p2Y4My4](https://baseballking.jp/ns/column/207357?fbclid=IwAR3QncSdt-X8r-55IQNkKBmbzvIM0g39BotazS6m3ytmXHSKOag1p2Y4My4) | title=アテネ以来の日加対決！日本でプレーしたカナダ人選手を振り返る | work=Baseball King | language=Japanese | author=阿佐智 | date=30 Oktoba 2019 | accessdate=11 Aprili 2020 }}</ref> Mbali na kucheza besiboli, pia alikuwa mwanafunzi wa urubani katika United States Navy wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref>[[http://www.baseballinwartime.com/player_biographies/alexander_bob.htm](http://www.baseballinwartime.com/player_biographies/alexander_bob.htm){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Bob Alexander | Baseball in Wartime]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1922|1993}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] roxv4txlbwhig3qehpxb4nnftpjthdy 0 236281 1550543 1545496 2026-05-26T02:33:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bertha Southey Brammall''' (née Adams; 10 Desemba 1877 – 10 Februari 1957) alikuwa mwandishi wa vitabu na mshairi kutoka nchini [[Australia]]. Akiwa mzawa wa moja kwa moja wa mshairi mashuhuri wa [[Uingereza]] [[Robert Southey]], Brammall aliandika maudhui ya vipindi vya watoto vya redioni, pamoja na mashairi, riwaya, na hadithi fupi za watu wazima.<ref name="austlit">{{cite web |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A17316 |title=Wasifu wa Bertha Southey Brammall |work=AustLit |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alichukuliwa na wengi kama mshairi na mwandishi wa kipekee wa jimbo la [[Tasmania]].<ref name="enwiki">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Southey_Brammall |title=Makala ya Bertha Southey Brammall katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1957|Brammall, Bertha Southey}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] rbvzumz8h2l48vg8mkx3vpoj1rkxpny 0 236286 1550740 1545502 2026-05-26T09:11:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doris Brett''' (alizaliwa 1950) ni mwandishi wa vitabu na mwanasaikolojia wa tiba kutoka nchini [[Australia]].<ref name="austlit">{{cite web |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A4315 |title=Wasifu wa Doris Brett |work=AustLit |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ameandika kazi katika tanzu mbalimbali za kifasihi, zikiwemo ushairi, kumbukumbu za maisha (memoir), na hadithi za kweli (nonfiction).<ref name="enwiki">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Brett |title=Makala ya Doris Brett katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza |language=en |access-date=18 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950||Brett, Doris}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] on3p94jbl2o1l3dubrw3gd9r5q42hu0 0 236299 1550506 1545520 2026-05-26T01:30:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azouz Nasri ('''amezaliwa 1945) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Azouz Nasri Elected President of Algeria's Council of the Nation|date=2025-05-19|url=https://www.algerianewsgate.com/post/azouz-nasri-elected-president-of-algeria-s-council-of-the-nation|work=Algeria News Gate|language=en|access-date=2026-05-18}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa chama cha National Liberation Front (FLN) kuanzia 2002 hadi 2007, na kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Taifa (Council of the Nation), akiwa sehemu ya kundi la theluthi ya rais (2022–2028). Alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa tarehe 19 Mei 2025, akimrithi Salah Goudjil. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mjhvg6b02701rnb9hrzgv1powxjo7lm 0 236301 1550680 1545594 2026-05-26T07:40:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David John Andreychuk''' (amezaliwa Septemba 29, 1963)<ref name=CHATLAS>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Canadian Hockey Atlas|first=Stephen|last=Cole|publisher=Doubleday Canada|year=2006|isbn=978-0-385-66093-8|url-access=registration|url=[https://archive.org/details/canadianhockeyat0000cole}}](https://archive.org/details/canadianhockeyat0000cole}})</ref> ni [[Canada|Mkanada]] wa zamani mtaalamu wa hoki ya barafu aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji pembeni katika NHL akiwa na timu za Buffalo Sabres, Toronto Maple Leafs, New Jersey Devils, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche na Tampa Bay Lightning. Akiwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kiwango cha juu zaidi waliowahi kucheza kama winga wa kushoto katika historia ya NHL, Andreychuk alifikia misimu kumi na tisa (19) ya kufunga magoli 20 au zaidi, rekodi iliyofikiwa na wachezaji wengine watano pekee katika historia ya NHL.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-consecutive-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-consecutive-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL) Records|title=Skater Records: Most 20-Goal Seasons, Consecutive - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records|access-date=April 16, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/scoring-plateaus/most-20-or-more-goal-season|website=NHL) Records|access-date=April 16, 2026|title=Skater Records: Most 20-Goal Seasons, Career - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alistaafu akiwa kinara wa muda wote katika mabao ya mipira ya adhabu ya faulo (power-play goals) akiwa na mabao 274 kabla ya kuvukwa baadaye na Alexander Ovechkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/special-teams-since-1933-34/most-power-play-goals-career|access-date=April](https://records.nhl.com/records/skater-records/special-teams-since-1933-34/most-power-play-goals-career|access-date=April) 16, 2026|title=Skater Records: Most Power-Play Goals, Career - Regular Season {{!}} NHL Records}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alijumuishwa katika Hockey Hall of Fame mwaka 2017. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 6cd5er4c77us7qi5hixpw5cgzp8tc4j 0 236304 1550465 1545544 2026-05-25T23:48:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anis Lassoued''' (alizaliwa [[1972]] huko [[Nabeul]], [[Tunisia]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, mwandishi wa filamu na mtayarishaji wa filamu kutoka [[Tunisia]]. Filamu zake nyingi zinawaangazia waigizaji wachanga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3445648/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anis Lassoued|url=https://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2017/JuryMember/Anis%20Lassoued|work=www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Anis Lassoued|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/anis-lassoued/9059|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-18|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wasifu == Lassoued alimaliza masomo yake ya uongozaji wa filamu katika Institut Maghrébin de Cinéma (Taasisi ya Maghreb ya Sinema, Tunis) na kuendelea na masomo yake ya upigaji sinema katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rome Tor Vergata. Kisha akafanya mafunzo katika La Fémis, shule ya filamu na televisheni ya Chuo Kikuu cha Paris Sciences et Lettres, na katika Groupe socialiste d'action et de réflexion sur l'audiovisuel huko [[Liège]] nchini [[Ubelgiji]].<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] 0k2cs447qah8nnw0xmhfmr2n9s1tsme 0 236420 1550746 1545826 2026-05-26T09:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dunstan Luka Kitandula''' ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Tanzania]] na mwanachama wa chama cha CCM ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Mkinga kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2025. Ameshika nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini, Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Fedha na Uchumi, na pia aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Maliasili na Utalii.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shekighenda |first1=Lydia |last2=Said |first2=Mariam |title=Capitalize on bee products market in China, Tanzanians told - Daily News |url=[https://dailynews.co.tz/capitalize-on-bee-products-market-in-china-tanzanians-told/](https://dailynews.co.tz/capitalize-on-bee-products-market-in-china-tanzanians-told/) |date=5 Septemba 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] t5m7kkmci1n40jwfreaaf3bs0hjp0rn 0 236425 1550826 1545830 2026-05-26T11:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezekiel Magolyo Maige''' (amezaliwa 28 Machi 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]] wa chama cha [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] na aliyewahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Msalala kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015|title=Wasifu](http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1439/2010-2015 |title=Wasifu) wa Mbunge |year=2010 |publisher=Parliament of Tanzania |access-date=31 Oktoba 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Tanzania]] oeh6rqs0g4w1n3mr5d1a604fdllllkl 0 236438 1550801 1545855 2026-05-26T10:49:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Rush''' ni mhadhiri wa falsafa na maadili katika Charles Sturt University Faculty of Arts, Shule ya Masomo ya Binadamu na Sayansi ya Jamii. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake zinazohusu mada ya kuanika watoto kimapenzi au kingono katika jamii (sexualisation of children).<ref name=Charles_Sturt>{{cite web|title=Dr Emma Rush|url=[http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/humss/staff/profiles/philosophy/emma-rush|publisher=Charles](http://www.csu.edu.au/faculty/arts/humss/staff/profiles/philosophy/emma-rush|publisher=Charles) Sturt University, School of Humanities and Social Sciences|access-date=20 Agosti 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-msomi}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] b5eq567ain1xdecmpr6nmljd5w2f61z 0 236541 1550474 1546066 2026-05-26T00:10:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antigone Kefala''' (28 Mei 1931 – 3 Desemba 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=Antigone Kefala: Death Notice |url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/465820/antigone-kefala |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sydney Morning Herald |archive-date=2022-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215031139/https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/465820/antigone-kefala |url-status=dead }}</ref> alikuwa mshairi na mwandishi wa nathari kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Ugiriki|Wagiriki]] nchini [[Romania]]|Kigiriki na Kiromania]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Bodi ya Fasihi ya Baraza la Australia na anatambulika kama sauti muhimu katika kuakisi maisha na uzoefu wa wahajiri (migrants) nchini [[Australia]] ya sasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.poetrylibrary.edu.au/poets/kefala-antigone|title=Antigone Kefala|website=Australian Poetry Library|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2017, Kefala alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Judith Wright Calanthe ([[Judith Wright Calanthe Award]]) ya Diwani ya Ushairi kutoka Maktaba ya Jimbo la Queensland ([[State Library of Queensland]]) katika Tuzo za Fasihi za Queensland kutokana na diwani yake ya mashairi inayoitwa ''Fragments''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qldliteraryawards.org.au/winners|title=Winners and Finalists|website=Queensland Literary Awards|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009000109/http://www.qldliteraryawards.org.au/winners|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] sbbn4lny6bibqxako4yyrscrs8c6pwg 0 236781 1550586 1548427 2026-05-26T04:55:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlotte Lillian''' "'''Bob'''" '''Lawlor''' (3 Oktoba 1878 – 2 Julai 1941) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi, na mbunifu wa matangazo ya biashara kutoka nchi ya [[New Zealand]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://thetreasury.org.nz/Lawlor/Lawlor.htm |title=Charlotte Lilian Lawlor |website=The Treasury Journal |access-date=2020-02-01 |archive-date=2020-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129005144/https://thetreasury.org.nz/Lawlor/Lawlor.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alibuni mhusika wa katuni aliyejulikana kama "Sergeant Dan" (Sajenti Dan) mnamo mwaka 1915 ili kusaidia mauzo ya Creamoata, ambayo ilikuwa bidhaa ya nafaka ya kiamsha kinywa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://nzmuseums.co.nz/collections/3043/objects/928030/booklet-the-story-of-sergeant-dan-in-copyright|title=Booklet, 'The Story of Sergeant Dan' [In Copyright]; Whitcombe & Tombs Limited; ... on NZ Museums|website=eHive|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01|archive-date=2020-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201095808/https://nzmuseums.co.nz/collections/3043/objects/928030/booklet-the-story-of-sergeant-dan-in-copyright|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Picha:Fleming’s Creamoata, 1933 (6297438278).jpg|thumb|Sajenti Dan akitangaza bidhaa ya Creamoata ya Fleming, mwaka 1933]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1941}} [[Jamii:Watu wa New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa New Zealand]] cgqtddez2208zvbt68fhvwe4drhp699 0 236879 1550527 1546725 2026-05-26T02:04:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bellaflor Javier Angara-Castillo''' (alizaliwa 14 Septemba 1939), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Bella Angara''', ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Ufilipino ([[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Philippine House of Representatives]]) akiwakilisha jimbo pekee la Aurora ([[Legislative district of Aurora|lone district of Aurora]]).<ref>[http://www.aurora.gov.ph/web2/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2013_Elected_Officials_ProvinceofAurora.pdf Result of the May 13, 2013 Elections in the Province of Aurora] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228081514/http://www.aurora.gov.ph/web2/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2013_Elected_Officials_ProvinceofAurora.pdf |date=December 28, 2013 }}</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kwa vipindi vitatu mfululizo kama gavana wa mkoa wa Aurora kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2013, akiwa gavana wa tatu mwanamke katika mkoa huo. Kabla ya kuwa gavana, alihudumu pia kwa vipindi vitatu mfululizo kama mwakilishi wa jimbo hilo la Aurora kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2004. Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza na wa pekee hadi sasa katika historia ya [[Bunge la Ufilipino]] ([[Philippine Congress]]) kuwa Kiongozi wa Sauti ya Wengi Bungeni (House majority floor leader).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pra.gov.ph/main/news/1502?page=1 |title=Sons and Daughters: Municipality of Baler (Aurora) |accessdate=2026-05-20 |archive-date=2017-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810131123/http://www.pra.gov.ph/main/news/1502?page=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1939||Angara-Castillo, Bellaflor Javier}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ufilipino]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] ssw5gp15f228d0h8yahwhafyrz68jr3 0 237021 1550464 1547033 2026-05-25T23:44:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anirvan Ghosh''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] katika sekta ya neva nchini [[Marekani]] na mtendaji wa baioteknolojia. <ref name="Biosketch">{{cite web | url=http://ghoshlab.org/downloads/Ghosh_biosketch_12-15-10.pdf | title=Biosketch of Anirvan Ghosh 12-15-10 | publisher=The Ghosh Lab | access-date=December 12, 2017}}</ref><ref name="unitybiotechnology.com">{{cite web|url=http://ir.unitybiotechnology.com/news-releases/news-release-details/unity-biotechnology-appoints-anirvan-ghosh-phd-chief-executive|title=UNITY BIOTECHNOLOGY APPOINTS ANIRVAN GHOSH, PH.D. AS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER|accessdate=2026-05-20|archive-date=2024-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124185033/https://ir.unitybiotechnology.com/news-releases/news-release-details/unity-biotechnology-appoints-anirvan-ghosh-phd-chief-executive|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2d4zzq9y2y2v5jn8q05dgplk4vep10y 0 237332 1550495 1547801 2026-05-26T01:05:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Augustin Abdoulaye Thiam Houphouët''' (amezaliwa 14 Agosti 1952) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire. Tangu mwaka 2011, amekuwa gavana wa Wilaya Huru ya Yamoussoukro.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dr Augustin THIAM a été reconduit Gouverneur du District Autonome de Yamoussoukro|url=http://news.abidjan.net/p/277649.html|work=Abidjan.net|access-date=2026-05-21|archive-date=2017-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216013847/http://news.abidjan.net/p/277649.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Cote d'Ivoire]] hwvivqoezxwzad5m75fgi0wkvab08tg 0 237474 1550517 1548063 2026-05-26T01:49:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barthélémy Bisengimana Rwema''' (amezaliwa 12 Mei 1935) alikuwa afisa wa serikali wa Zaire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=rwandafile.com|url=http://www.rwandafile.com/Kangura/pdf/k04x2.pdf|work=www.rwandafile.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|archive-date=2022-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118115855/http://www.rwandafile.com/Kangura/pdf/k04x2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alihudumu kama mkuu wa Ofisi ya [[Rais]] chini ya utawala wa Mobutu Sese Seko kuanzia Mei 1969 hadi Februari 1977. Bisengimana alikuwa mwanachama wa kabila la Tutsi, na alijulikana kwa kuwa mmoja wa viongozi waliokuwa karibu na serikali kuu ya Mobutu. Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Cyangugu nchini [[Rwanda]], na mwaka 1961 alikuwa mhitimu wa kwanza wa uhandisi wa umeme kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Lovanium mjini [[Kinshasa]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d5751th69pgcdxlyaeopoz1sb5p4n4f 0 237894 1550292 1548897 2026-05-25T12:17:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hovhannes Khan Masehian''' (23 Februari 1864 mjini Tehran - 19 Novemba 1931 mjini Harbin) alikuwa mtafsiri na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Waarmenia wa Iran]], anajulikana sana kwa kutafsiri kazi za [[Shakespeare]] na [[Byron]] kwenda katika lugha ya Kiarmenia. Mnamo mwaka 1912, alikuwa Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1927 hadi 1929, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Uingereza]] (Great Britain). Pia, alikuwa Balozi wa kwanza kabisa wa Uajemi nchini [[Japani]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1074/1/1967-2-3%28228%29.pdf |title=V. Vardanyan, "Hovhannes Masehyan" |accessdate=2026-05-23 |archive-date=2017-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215130302/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1074/1/1967-2-3(228).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1931}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 9g3pv371gxk67owvb4uzbx9tcm629g2 1550355 1550292 2026-05-25T13:41:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hovhannes Khan Masehian''' (23 Februari 1864 mjini Tehran - 19 Novemba 1931 mjini Harbin) alikuwa mtafsiri na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Waarmenia wa Iran]], anajulikana sana kwa kutafsiri kazi za [[Shakespeare]] na [[Byron]] kwenda katika lugha ya Kiarmenia. Mnamo mwaka 1912, alikuwa Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1927 hadi 1929, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Uajemi nchini [[Uingereza]] (Great Britain). Pia, alikuwa Balozi wa kwanza kabisa wa Uajemi nchini [[Japani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1074/1/1967-2-3%28228%29.pdf |title=V. Vardanyan, "Hovhannes Masehyan" |accessdate=2026-05-23 |archive-date=2017-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215130302/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1074/1/1967-2-3(228).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1864|1931}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] 1683hx64vega7cowkfu332dxbfp27bv 0 238107 1550359 1549369 2026-05-25T13:47:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelebogile Emily Kerileng''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye alihudumu kama Mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Mkoa wa North West kwa tiketi ya chama cha Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) kuanzia Mei 2019 hadi Mei 2024. Alichaguliwa kuingia bungeni baada ya kushika nafasi ya pili kwenye orodha ya wagombea wa EFF katika mkoa huo wakati wa [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 2019, na aliapa rasmi tarehe 22 Mei 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Provincial Gazette for North West No. 8006, 15 May 2019, Vol. 262|url=https://www.greengazette.co.za/documents/provincial-gazette-for-north-west-8006-of-15-may-2019-vol-262_20190515-NWP-08006|work=www.greengazette.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-23|archive-date=2024-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202135355/https://www.greengazette.co.za/documents/provincial-gazette-for-north-west-8006-of-15-may-2019-vol-262_20190515-NWP-08006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=North West Provincial Legislature - Management|url=https://provincialgovernment.co.za/units/management/105/north-west/provincial-legislature|work=provincialgovernment.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] o65t9gzy81zavj47chobggvymr4mizt 0 238109 1550331 1549363 2026-05-25T13:09:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Blades "JB" Currey''' (1829–1904) alikuwa [[Katibu]] wa Kikoloni (Colonial Secretary) katika [[serikali]] ya Griqualand West, pamoja na kuwa mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa mwenye ushawishi mkubwa katika Koloni la Cape (Cape Colony). Currey aliwasili kusini mwa [[Afrika]] mnamo mwaka 1850. Alijaribu kazi za aina mbalimbali—ikiwa ni pamoja na uaskari, ukulima, na uchimbaji wa madini ya shaba—kabla ya kujiunga rasmi na Utumishi wa Umma wa Koloni la Cape (Cape Civil Service). Baadaye, alikuja kuwa Katibu wa Kikoloni katika koloni la Griqualand West. Katika nafasi hiyo, ndiye aliyelipa jina rasmi [[mji]] wa Kimberley (ambao hapo awali ulijulikana kama "New Rush"). Currey alilaumiwa pakubwa kwa kuchochea uasi wa wachimbaji wadogo wa almasi huko Griqualand West mnamo mwaka 1875, uasi uliorandishwa kihistoria kama ''"Black Flag Rebellion"'' (Uasi wa Bendera Nyeusi), na kutokana na tukio hilo alifutwa [[kazi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Brenthurst Library|url=http://brenthurst.org.za/brochures.cfm|work=brenthurst.org.za|accessdate=2026-05-23|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025036/http://brenthurst.org.za/brochures.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Person Page|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p15515.htm|work=www.thepeerage.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}</ref> Katika maisha yake ya baadaye, alikuwa rafiki wa karibu wa Cecil John Rhodes na John X. Merriman. Mwanawe mkubwa wa kiume, Henry Latham Currey, alikuja kuwa Katibu wa Cecil Rhodes na baadaye akawa mwanasiasa aliyeshika kiti katika Baraza la Wakuu (House of Assembly) la [[Afrika]] Kusini. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1829]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1904]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] cgx9yrsmvbvt27hvzgunz7zovwe6aiv 0 238124 1550370 1549392 2026-05-25T15:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lennox Bogen Gaehler''' (alizaliwa 8 Novemba 1951) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye aliwakilisha chama cha United Democratic Movement (UDM) katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa la [[Afrika]] Kusini. Gaehler ndiye afisa mkuu wa kitaifa wa kukusanya [[fedha]] wa chama hicho.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UDM Structure|url=http://www.udm.org.za/page_structure.html|work=www.udm.org.za|accessdate=2026-05-23|archive-date=2008-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012222225/http://www.udm.org.za/page_structure.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] 2x336zuheyqny9czadeiobckzc8ljra 0 238353 1550378 1549967 2026-05-25T16:25:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melt van Schoor Hamman''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini aliyewakilisha chama cha National Party (NP) katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa kutoka mwaka 1994 hadi 1999,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-24|author=ANC Input|archive-date=1998-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> baada ya kuchaguliwa katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 1994. Wakati wa uchaguzi huo, alikuwa mkakati wa kampeni wa chama cha NP kwa jimbo la Cape, na hapo awali aliwakilisha chama hicho katika Bunge la zama za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi (apartheid).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mandela's Campaign Faces Uphill Battle in Cape Area|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-18-mn-47338-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1994-04-18|accessdate=2026-05-24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] sk7q5ifx4x8kcmxaznz1r4s4b7c109f 0 238396 1550309 1549913 2026-05-25T12:39:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Jacob Miller | picha = Miller and Marley.jpg | maelezo = Jacob Miller (kushoto) akiwa na [[Bob Marley]] | landscape = yes | background = solo_singer | jina la kuzaliwa = Jacob Miller | jina lingine = Jakes, Killer Miller | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|df=yes|1952|5|4}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Mandeville, Jamaika|Mandeville]], Jamaika | tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|1980|3|23|1952|5|4}} | mahali pa kufa = [[Kingston, Jamaika|Kingston]], Jamaika | ala = Sauti | aina = [[Reggae]], roots reggae, dub | kazi yake = Mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo | miaka ya kazi = 1968–1980 | studio = [[Studio One (studio)|Studio One]], Top Ranking, [[Island Records|Island]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | ameshirikiana na = [[Inner Circle]], [[Augustus Pablo]], [[King Tubby]], [[Gussie Clarke]] | tovuti = }} '''Jacob Miller''' (4 Mei 1952 – 23 Machi 1980) alikuwa msanii wa muziki wa [[reggae]] kutoka nchini [[Jamaika]]. Kazi yake ya kwanza ya kurekodi ilikuwa na mtayarishaji [[Coxsone Dodd|Clement "Sir Coxsone" Dodd]] mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Wakati akiendelea na kazi yake kama msanii wa kujitegemea, alikuja kuwa mwimbaji mkuu wa [[Inner Circle]], bendi maarufu ya [[roots reggae]] ya Jamaika. Miller alirekodi nyimbo na kufanya ziara mbalimbali na Inner Circle kabla ya kufariki dunia kwa ajili ya ajali ya gari mapema mwaka 1980 akiwa na umri wa miaka 27.<ref name="miller-dead">{{cite web |last1=Watson |first1=Michael |title=Jacob Miller Dead at 27 (1980) |date=15 September 2012 |url=https://legendaryreggae.com/2012/09/15/jacob-miller-dead-1980/ |website=Midnight Raver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919055030/http://midnightraverblog.com/2012/09/15/jacob-miller-dead-1980/ |archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref> Umri wake wa kufa unafanana sana na ule wa mwanamuziki wa rock wa Kimarekani [[Jimi Hendrix]], na mara nyingi amekuwa akilinganishwa na mwimbaji wa Kiingereza [[John Lennon]] wa kundi la [[The Beatles]]. == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa mjini [[Mandeville, Jamaika|Mandeville]] mnamo mwaka 1952, akiwa mtoto wa pekee wa kiume wa Joan Ashman, ambaye alikuwa mwimbaji wa kwaya na mpiga kinanda. Miller alilelewa katika misingi ya urastafari na hakuwahi kumfahamu baba yake mzazi. Alipokuwa mtoto, alilelewa zaidi na shangazi wa mama yake. Mama yake anamwelezea Miller kama mtu aliyekuwa na tabia ya urafiki sana na uchangamfu tangu utotoni. Siku moja akiwa katika eneo la Half Way Tree (mtaa uliopo [[Kingston, Jamaika|Kingston]]), alirusha fedha zake zote hewani ili kuwapa marafiki zake. Mama yake anaongeza kuwa Miller alikuwa na mapenzi makubwa na muziki, kwani mara nyingi alikuwa akipiga midundo kwa mikono yake au vijiti vya ngoma kwenye vyungu, sufuria, na vyombo vingine vya ndani. Mnamo mwaka 1960, akiwa na umri wa miaka minane, alihamia Kingston, mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi nchini Jamaika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Jacob 'Killer' Miller |website=Still We Rise |url=https://stillwerise.uk/2020/09/12/jacob-killer-miller/ |date=2020-09-12 |access-date=2022-01-11 |archive-date=2022-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093018/https://stillwerise.uk/2020/09/12/jacob-killer-miller/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rekodi za kwanza == Kuhamia kwake jijini Kingston kulikuja kuwa tukio kubwa na la kihistoria katika maisha yake. Licha ya kuwa bado mdogo sana, Miller alianza kutumia muda mwingine mwingi wa ziada kuzurura kwenye studio za kurekodi muziki jijini humo, hasa katika studio inayofahamika sasa hivi kama [[Studio One (studio)|Studio One]] ya Clement "Sir Coxsone" Dodd.<ref name=Mosk>{{cite book |last=Moskowitz |first=High V. |title=Caribbean Popular Music: An Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-33158-8 |page=211}}</ref> Alikuwa na matumaini ya kuja kuwa mtoto nyota anayefuata wa studio hiyo. Akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tatu tu, alirekodi nyimbo tatu ndani ya Studio One kwa ajili ya Dodd, ukiwemo wimbo wa "Love is a Message".<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |editor-last=Larkin |editor-first=Colin |title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music |year=2006 |edition=4th |volume=5 |pages=764–765 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Ndugu wawili waliokuwa wamiliki wa mtambo wa sauti (sound system) wa Rockers, Horace na Garth Swaby, walikuwa wakiupiga wimbo huo mara kwa mara wakati ulipotoka (Horace baadaye alikuja kuwa maarufu kwa jina la jukwaani la [[Augustus Pablo]]).<ref name="10Things">{{cite web |last1=Watson |first1=Michael |title=Ten Things You Didn't Know About Jacob Miller |url=https://legendaryreggae.com/2014/11/21/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-jacob-miller/ |website=Midnight Raver |date=21 November 2014}}</ref> Wimbo huo haukupata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara na haukupewa kipaumbele sana na Dodd; hata hivyo, ulimfanya Horace Swaby kuwa rafiki wa karibu wa Miller na kuona uwezo mkubwa wa kimuziki uliokuwa ndani yake.<ref name=Mosk/> == Safari ya kimuziki == Baada ya ndugu wa familia ya Swaby kuanzisha studio yao wenyewe mnamo mwaka 1972, Horace—ambaye sasa alikuwa akitumia jina la Augustus Pablo—alirekodi toleo jipya la wimbo wa "Love is a Message" na kuuita "Keep on Knocking" mnamo mwaka 1974.<ref name="AllM">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Greene |first=Jo-Ann |title=Jacob Miller Biography |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jacob-miller-mn0000121073#biography |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha mwaka mmoja na nusu uliofuata, Miller alirekodi nyimbo nyingine tano kwa ajili ya Pablo, zikiwemo "Baby I Love You So", "False Rasta", "Who Say Jah No Dread", "Each One Teach One", na "Girl Named Pat". Nyimbo hizi zote zilikuja kuwa nyimbo za asili (classics) za studio ya Rockers huku zikiwa na miondoko ya [[muziki wa dub|dub]] iliyotengenezwa na [[King Tubby]] kwenye upande wa pili wa santuri (B-side). Nyimbo hizi zilijenga jina la Miller kama mwimbaji mahiri, na mafanikio yake yaliwavutia bendi ya [[Inner Circle]] kumkodisha kama mwimbaji wao mkuu mpya kuchukua nafasi ya mwimbaji aliyepita.<ref name="AllM"/> Inner Circle ilikuwa kundi jipya la reggae lililokuwa likipata umaarufu kwa kupiga nyimbo za kurudia za Marekani zilizokuwa kwenye chati za Top 40. Kiongozi wa bendi hiyo, Roger Lewis, alisema kuwa Jacob Miller alikuwa "mtu wa furaha na mcheshi wakati wote. Alipenda kupiga utani na kila mtu alimpenda kwa hilo." Baada ya kumwongeza Miller kama mwimbaji mkuu, muundo wa bendi hiyo ulikuwa na Roger Lewis kwenye gitaa, Ian Lewis kwenye besi, Bernard "Touter" Harvey kwenye vinanda, na Rasheed McKenzie kwenye ngoma. Walimbatiza Miller jina la Jacob "Killer" Miller, na kundi liliendelea kukuza umaarufu wake. Mnamo mwaka 1976, Inner Circle walisaini mkataba na [[Capitol Records]] na kutoa albamu mbili, ''Reggae Thing'' (1976) na ''Ready for the World'' (1977).<ref name="AllM"/> Wakati huo huo, Miller aliendelea na kazi zake binafsi, akirekodi nyimbo kama "Forward Jah Jah Children", "Girl Don't Come" uliotayarishwa na [[Gussie Clarke]], na "I'm a Natty" uliotayarishwa na [[Joe Gibbs (mtayarishaji)|Joe Gibbs]].<ref name="AllM"/> Wimbo wa "I'm a Natty" ulikuwa ni toleo la kurudia la wimbo wa kundi la the Wailers uitwao "Soul Rebel". Alishika nafasi ya pili katika Mashindano ya Wimbo wa Tamasha la Jamaika (Festival Song competition) mwaka 1976 kwa wimbo wake wa "All Night 'Till Daylight" na akatoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya pekee mwaka huo huo iliyoitwa ''Tenement Yard''. Ingawa kazi nyingi za Miller za kujitegemea zilikuwa zikisindikizwa na wajumbe wa Inner Circle, mtindo wake alioupendelea wa *rockers* ulikuwa tofauti kidogo na mwelekeo wa Inner Circle ambao walipendelea kujaribu mitindo mingine kama pop, soul, funk, na disco.<ref name="AllM"/> Wimbo uliompa Miller umaarufu mkubwa na wa kudumu ni ule wa miondoko ya dub reggae ulienda kwa jina la "[[King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown (wimbo)|King Tubby Meets The Rockers Uptown]]" akiwa na Augustus Pablo, ambao ulikuwa ni dub ya wimbo wake wa "Baby I Love You So", huku ikisukwa upya na [[King Tubby]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=16 February 2024 |title=The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-songs-of-all-time-1224767/augustus-pablo-king-tubbys-meets-rockers-uptown-1225072/ |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref> Mtandao wa [[AllMusic]] uliuita wimbo wa Miller wa "Baby I Love You So" kama "kazi ya sanaa iliyotukuka" (masterpiece). Miaka mingi baadaye mnamo mwaka 2004, mchezo maarufu wa video wa ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' ulitumia toleo la dub la wimbo huo kwenye mchezo wao wa ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' kupitia stesheni ya redio ya reggae ya ndani ya mchezo huo iliyoitwa ''K-Jah West''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nattoo |first=Michael |date=6 February 2023 |title=Grand Theft Auto: 15 Dub, Reggae & Dancehall Classics From The Gaming Franchise |url=https://www.dancehallmag.com/2023/02/06/features/grand-theft-auto-15-dub-reggae-dancehall-classics-from-the-gaming-franchise.html |website=DancehallMag}}</ref> == Uigizaji na haiba yake == Miller alionekana kama muigizaji wa ziada akitumia jina lake halisi kwenye filamu maarufu ya roots reggae ya mwaka 1978 iliyoitwa ''[[Rockers (filamu ya 1978)|Rockers]]'', akishirikiana na wasanii wengine wakubwa wa roots reggae kama [[Gregory Isaacs]] na [[Burning Spear]]. Katika filamu hiyo, Miller anaigiza kama mwimbaji wa bendi ya hoteli—ambayo kiuhalisia ilikuwa ni bendi yake ya Inner Circle—ambapo wanaungana kwenye ngoma na shujaa mkuu wa filamu hiyo, [[Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace]]. Bendi hiyo inapiga toleo fupi la jukwaani la wimbo wao uliovuma wa "Tenement Yard". Filamu hiyo inamwonyesha Miller kama mtu anayependa burudani, chakula, utani, na mwenye mapenzi makubwa na uimbaji. == Tamasha la One Love Peace Concert la 1978 == Katika kile kinachotajwa kuwa moja ya maonyesho yake makubwa zaidi katika historia, Miller alitumbuiza kwenye tamasha la kihistoria la [[One Love Peace Concert]] mnamo mwaka 1978. Tamasha hili lilifanyika kwenye Uwanja wa Taifa wa Jamaika (National Stadium) mjini Kingston mnamo tarehe 22 Aprili 1978,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Campbell |first=Howard |date=2022-07-30 |title=The One Love Peace Concert |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/the-one-love-peace-concert/ |website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> likiwa limekusanya wasanii wakubwa wa reggae wa enzi hizo kama [[Bob Marley]], [[Peter Tosh]], [[Bunny Wailer]], [[U-Roy]], [[Judy Mowatt]], na [[Dennis Brown]]. Tamasha hili lilivutia macho ya nchi nzima kutokana na ushindani mkali na mapigano ya kisiasa yaliyokuwapo kati ya vyama viwili vikuu vya siasa nchini humo; [[Jamaica Labour Party]] na [[People's National Party]]. Viongozi wawili wa kisiasa waliokuwa maadui wakubwa—[[Edward Seaga]] na Waziri Mkuu wa wakati huo [[Michael Manley]]—walikutana jukwaani na kushikana mikono mbele ya Miller na wasanii wengine kama ishara ya amani. Bendi ya Inner Circle iliandika wimbo maalumu kwa ajili ya tukio hilo ulioitwa "Peace Treaty". Utendaji wa Jacob Miller na Inner Circle ulionekana kwa mapana sana kwenye filamu ya makala ya tamasha hilo iitwayo ''Heartland Reggae''. Miller alitumbuiza awamu mbili tofauti—awamu ya kwanza usiku kwenye jukwaa kuu akimfungulia Bob Marley na the Wailers, na awamu ya pili mchana wa siku iliyofuata kwenye jukwaa dogo katika uwanja wa wazi karibu na uwanja wa taifa. Katika maonyesho yote mawili, walipiga wimbo wao wa "Peace Treaty". Wakati wa onyesho la mchana—kama inavyoonekana kwenye filamu hiyo—Miller alijitokeza jukwaani kwa ujasiri mkubwa akiwa amevaa kofia ya kipolisi na kuwasha bapa kubwa la bhangi (ambalo wakati huo lilikuwa kinyume cha sheria nchini Jamaika), jambo lililosababisha umati wa watu kulipuka kwa shangwe na vigelegele. == Maisha ya baadaye na kifo == Mnamo Machi 1980, Jacob Miller alisafiri pamoja na [[Bob Marley]] na mwanzilishi wa studio ya [[Island Records]], [[Chris Blackwell]], kwenda nchini [[Brazil]] kwa ajili ya kusherehekea ufunguzi wa ofisi mpya za Island barani Amerika Kusini. Muda mfupi tu baada ya kurejea Jamaika, mnamo Jumapili ya tarehe 23 Machi 1980, Miller pamoja na mmoja wa watoto wake walipoteza maisha katika ajali mbaya ya gari kwenye barabara ya Hope Road mjini Kingston. Miller na Inner Circle walikuwa kwenye maandalizi ya mwisho ya kufanya ziara kubwa nchini Marekani wakiwa na [[Bob Marley and the Wailer]]<nowiki/>s, na albamu yao iliyofuata ya ''Mixed Up Moods'' ilikuwa imesharekodiwa kikamilifu kabla ya kifo chake.<ref name="miller-dead"/> Gazeti la serikali lilimsifu Miller wakati wa kutangaza kifo chake likisema, "Aliteka ulimwengu kwa kasi ya dhoruba na atakumbukwa kwa ucheshi, uchangamfu, na kicheko chake." Jacob Miller alikuwa binamu wa msanii wa reggae wa Uingereza [[Maxi Priest]]. Kila mwaka nchini Jamaika, albamu yake ya nyimbo za Krismasi (Christmas Album) huwa inapigwa kwa kasi kubwa kwenye stesheni mbalimbali za redio wakati wa msimu wa sikukuu na hupendwa sana na Wajamaika wanaoishi ndani na nje ya nchi yao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2013-12-22 |title=After 35 Years, Jacob Miller's 'Natty Christmas' Is Still a Popular Album! |url=https://clintonlindsay.com/2013/12/22/after-35-years-jacob-millers-natty-christmas-still-a-popular-album/ |website=Clinton Lindsay}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{commons category|Jacob Miller}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070716231437/http://innercircle-reggae.com/pages/jacob_miller.html Kuhusu Jacob Miller katika innercircle-reggae.com] (Kumbukumbu) * [{{discogs artist|Jacob+Miller}} Jacob Miller kwenye mtandao wa Discogs] {{Inner Circle}} {{Maxi Priest}} {{BD|1952|1980}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Jamaika]] ow151xe1j0rqo18asha51l8z975prhb 0 238408 1550386 1549850 2026-05-25T16:58:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Yeganeh''' (5 Mei 1923 – 18 Desemba 1995) alikuwa mwanauchumi wa [[Irani|Iran]] ambaye alihudumu kama Gavana wa [[Benki Kuu ya Iran]] kuanzia mwaka 1973 hadi 1975. Yeganeh alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tehran kuanzia mwaka 1942 hadi 1946 ambapo alitunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamili katika Sheria na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Uchumi, na baadaye alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] kuanzia mwaka 1947 hadi 1951 na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) ya uchumi. Alisomea na kuandika tasnifu yake kuhusu 'Sera za kibiashara na biashara ya kigeni ya Iran'.<ref>[http://clio.cul.columbia.edu:7018/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=1216&recPointer=0&recCount=10&searchType=7 Columbia University]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baadaye alifanya kazi katika Umoja wa Mataifa ([[shirika la UN]]) kama afisa wa masuala ya kiuchumi.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PA324|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|isbn=9780520942165|last1=Afkhami|first1=Gholam Reza|year=2009|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> Alipokuwa Umoja wa Mataifa, Yeganeh alifanya kazi chini ya [[Charles Issawi]], ambaye kwa ushirikiano naye walitunga kitabu kiitwacho ''The Economics of Middle Eastern Oil'' mnamo mwaka 1962. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|1995}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] o417rpikj3kpg86u48s4nan7vj3nb9m 0 238414 1550353 1549926 2026-05-25T13:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkhensani Kate Bilankulu''' (alizaliwa 14 Februari 1966) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini kutoka mkoa wa Limpopo. Amekuwa [[mbunge]] katika Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini tangu mwezi Mei 2019. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''African National Congress'' (ANC). == Kazi ya Kibunge == Bilankulu aliwekwa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye orodha ya kikanda ya Limpopo ya chama cha ANC kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa kitaifa na wa mikoa wa tarehe 8 Mei 2019. Baada ya uchaguzi huo, alitunukiwa kiti katika Bunge la Kitaifa na kuapishwa katika Bunge la 6 mnamo tarehe 22 Mei. Mnamo tarehe 29 Juni 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya [[Wizara]] ya Maendeleo ya Jamii. Tarehe 12 Julai 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Vyama Vingi ya Wanawake (Multi-Party Women's Caucus).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.aprav.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/List-of-members-of-all-the-Portfolio-Committees-for-the-6th-Parliament-published-27-June-2019.pdf|work=www.aprav.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-24|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705062148/https://www.aprav.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/List-of-members-of-all-the-Portfolio-Committees-for-the-6th-Parliament-published-27-June-2019.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia, yeye ni naibu mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa [[Wanawake]] wa ANC (ANC Women's League). Bilankulu alichaguliwa tena kwa muhula wa pili katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec|work=www.politicsweb.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-24|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] ku7imc19jwshxx308yni0lzj63ztem7 0 238481 1550375 1550053 2026-05-25T16:05:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marthinus Stephanus Appelgryn''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini aliyewakilisha chama cha ''National Party'' katika Bunge la Kitaifa kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-24|author=ANC Input|archive-date=1998-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Interpol investigates Satour fraud|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1998-10-05-interpol-investigates-satour-fraud/|work=The Mail & Guardian|date=1998-10-05|accessdate=2026-05-24|language=en-ZA|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> Alichaguliwa na kupata kiti chake [[bungeni]] katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 1994. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] hdm8ear7oz09w093i78wcet5e8ve2ep 0 238512 1550693 1550061 2026-05-26T08:03:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Alexei Bolshakov (mwanasiaa)]] hadi [[Alexei Bolshakov (mwanasiasa)]]: usahihi wa jina 1550061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexei Alexeyevich Bolshakov''' (17 Desemba 1939 — 21 Aprili 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa Urusi na Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Kwanza wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1997, wakati wa [[Urais wa Boris Yeltsin]]. Jukumu lake kuu kama naibu waziri mkuu lilikuwa kuimarisha ushirikiano na nchi nyingine wanachama wa [[Jumuia ya Nchi Huru]] na baadaye kusimamia sekta ya viwanda. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 17 Desemba 1939 katika [[Mkoa wa Pskov]], na alihitimu kutoka Taasisi ya Elektroteknolojia ya Leningrad ya [[Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich|M. A. Bonch-Bruevich]] katika fani ya uhandisi wa umeme na redio. Baadaye, Bolshakov alijiunga na Taasisi ya Usimamizi wa Uchumi wa Kitaifa. Katika kipindi chote cha miaka ya 1970 na 1980, alishika nyadhifa kadhaa za juu katika makampuni mbalimbali mkoani [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]]. Mnamo mwaka 1991, kipindi ambacho [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]] ulikuwa ukisambaratika, akawa mkuu wa kamati ya maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya jiji la Saint Petersburg. Kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1994, Bolshakov aliongoza mradi wa ujenzi wa reli ya mwendo kasi.<ref name="rus">[https://rusreality.com/2017/04/23/in-st-petersburg-died-former-deputy-prime-minister-alexei-bolshakov/ In St. Petersburg died former Deputy Prime Minister Alexei Bolshakov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080955/https://rusreality.com/2017/04/23/in-st-petersburg-died-former-deputy-prime-minister-alexei-bolshakov/ |date=2019-03-08 }}. Rusreality.com. Published 23 April 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|2017}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] qcnx3krv7hsokdedn4x0isgtd38k462 1550695 1550693 2026-05-26T08:04:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexei Alexeyevich Bolshakov''' (17 Desemba 1939 — 21 Aprili 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa Urusi na Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Kwanza wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1997, wakati wa [[Urais]] wa [[Boris Yeltsin]]. Jukumu lake kuu kama naibu waziri mkuu lilikuwa kuimarisha ushirikiano na nchi nyingine wanachama wa [[Jumuiya ya Nchi Huru]] na baadaye kusimamia sekta ya viwanda. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 17 Desemba 1939 katika [[Mkoa wa Pskov]], na alihitimu kutoka Taasisi ya Elektroteknolojia ya Leningrad ya [[Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich|M. A. Bonch-Bruevich]] katika fani ya uhandisi wa umeme na redio. Baadaye, Bolshakov alijiunga na Taasisi ya Usimamizi wa Uchumi wa Kitaifa. Katika kipindi chote cha miaka ya 1970 na 1980, alishika nyadhifa kadhaa za juu katika makampuni mbalimbali mkoani [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]]. Mnamo mwaka 1991, kipindi ambacho [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]] ulikuwa ukisambaratika, akawa mkuu wa kamati ya maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya jiji la Saint Petersburg. Kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1994, Bolshakov aliongoza mradi wa ujenzi wa reli ya mwendo kasi.<ref name="rus">[https://rusreality.com/2017/04/23/in-st-petersburg-died-former-deputy-prime-minister-alexei-bolshakov/ In St. Petersburg died former Deputy Prime Minister Alexei Bolshakov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080955/https://rusreality.com/2017/04/23/in-st-petersburg-died-former-deputy-prime-minister-alexei-bolshakov/ |date=2019-03-08 }}. Rusreality.com. Published 23 April 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1939|2017}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] 2uq3g0lf1zuagf7h1qwc0woyncxjx4m 0 238514 1550451 1550082 2026-05-25T21:55:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitaly Dmitrievich Bubenin''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1939) alikuwa [[Meja Jenerali]] wa Vikosi vya Ulinzi wa Mpaka wa Kisovieti na mshindi wa nishani ya juu ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovieti.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|title=Виталий Дмитриевич Бубенин|url=https://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1042|access-date=2022-01-15|website=warheroes.ru|language=ru}}</ref> == Maisha ya mapema == Bubenin alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1939 mjini [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]]. Alihitimu madarasa 10 mnamo mwaka 1957 na kusoma katika Shule ya Ufundi ya Khabarovsk Na. 2. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama fundi wa matengenezo ya vifaa vya viwandani katika kiwanda cha JSC "Dalenergomash" mjini Khabarovsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beresta.by/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80/|first=|last=|date=2018-10-27|title=Славный род пограничников и отец — Герой Советского Союза. Берестовичанин Виталий Бубенин делится историей из семейного альбома|newspaper=beresta.by|access-date=January 15, 2022|archive-date=2026-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119043013/https://www.beresta.by/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] c9n4kq6abxuxyl85d63bvh883l4ase5 0 238523 1550388 1550077 2026-05-25T16:58:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruslan Georgievich Gostev''' (11 Januari 1945 – 17 Septemba 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. == Maisha na kazi == Gostev alizaliwa mjini [[Poti]], katika Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijojia, [[Umoja wa Kisovieti|USSR]] mnamo tarehe 11 Januari 1945.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ |url=http://www.niiss.ru/d_kulikov.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106140417/http://www.niiss.ru/d_kulikov.shtml |archive-date=6 January 2006 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=www.niiss.ru}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Mbunge wa Duma ya Serikali kuanzia bunge la kwanza hadi la sita (1993–2016) akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Shirikisho la Urusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Сведения о проводящихся выборах и референдумах |url=http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/region/izbirkom?action=show&root=1&tvd=100100067795849&vrn=100100067795849&region=0&global=1&sub_region=0&prver=0&pronetvd=null&type=341&vibid=4364027199946 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828064113/http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/region/izbirkom?action=show&root=1&tvd=100100067795849&vrn=100100067795849&region=0&global=1&sub_region=0&prver=0&pronetvd=null&type=341&vibid=4364027199946 |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=www.vybory.izbirkom.ru}}</ref> Pia, alikuwa Katibu wa Kwanza wa Kamati ya Mkoa wa [[Voronezh]] wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Shirikisho la Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1993 hadi 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Сергей Гаврилов выразил соболезнования в связи с уходом из жизни депутата Госдумы шести созывов Руслана Георгиевича Гостева |url=https://kprf.ru/dep/gosduma/activities/237511.html |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=kprf.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945|2025}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] g0d2nm80jtobzx1cj7hs3s4053pdinh 0 238525 1550369 1550079 2026-05-25T14:44:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konrad Heinrichovich Hoffmann''' (1894 – 1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Umoja wa Kisovieti|Kisovieti]] mwenye asili ya [[Wajerumani wa Volga]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1938 hadi 1941, alihudumu kama mkuu wa mwisho wa nchi wa [[Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kujitawala ya Wajerumani wa Volga]]. == Wasifu == Hoffmann alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Samara wa Milki ya Urusi; alitokea katika familia ya tabaka la wafanyakazi. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], alihudumu katika [[Jeshi la Kifalme la Urusi]] na kupigana katika [[Mapigano ya Caucasus]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1918 hadi 1936 alifanya kazi kama msaidizi wa dereva wa treni, na baadaye kama dereva wa treni ya mvuke katika mji wa [[Engels, Mkoa wa Saratov|Engels]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti | author=А. Герман | url=http://www.rusdeutsch-panorama.ru/jencik_statja.php?mode=view&site_id=34&own_menu_id=3027 | title=Гофман Конрад Генрихович | website=rusdeutsch-panorama.ru / Российские немцы | access-date=2018-03-18 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130504123126/http://www.rusdeutsch-panorama.ru/jencik_statja.php?mode=view&site_id=34&own_menu_id=3027 | archive-date=2013-05-04 | language=ru}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1924, [[Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kujitawala ya Wajerumani wa Volga]] ilianzishwa kama Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kujitawala ndani ya Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kishirikisho ya Urusi ya [[Umoja wa Kisovieti|USSR]]. Katika mwaka huo huo, Hoffmann alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti|CPSU]]. Katika miaka ya 1936 hadi 1937, alikuwa mkuu wa kituo cha treni na meneja wa karakana ya treni za mvuke. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1894|1977}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] n1nuuvr6q56tl9qeqgvrk5cjofvdyjb 0 238535 1550365 1550098 2026-05-25T13:58:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johan Henrik Dahl''' (15 Agosti 1928 – 2 Julai 2011) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alikuwa na shahada ya MBA na alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1953. Alihudumu katika miji ya [[Bremen]], [[Cape Town]], [[Bern]], [[London]] na [[Geneva]]. Mwaka 1975 aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje. Baada ya kuhudumu kama mshauri wa ubalozi mjini [[Washington, D.C.]] kuanzia 1978, mwaka 1983 alikua mshauri maalumu wa wizara kuhusu masuala ya mafuta na nishati. Katika nafasi hiyo pia alikuwa balozi wa Norway katika Shirika la Kimataifa la Nishati.<ref name=obit>{{Rejea habari |title=Johan Henrik Dahl (obituary)|work=Aftenposten|author=Tukun, Tord|date=7 July 2011|language=no}}</ref><ref name=80y>{{Rejea habari |title=80 år 15. august: Ambassadør Johan Henrik Dahl|agency=Norwegian News Agency|date=30 July 2008|language=no}}</ref> Dahl alihitimisha kazi yake akiwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Thailand]] (akiwa pia anahudumia [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]] na [[Cambodia]]) kuanzia 1989 hadi 1993, na balozi nchini [[Zimbabwe]] (akiwa pia anahudumia [[Botswana]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Angola]]) kuanzia 1993 hadi 1997. Alitunukiwa hadhi ya Kamanda wa Order of St. Olav.<ref name=obit/><ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Offisielt fra statsråd|agency=Norwegian News Agency|date=14 January 1994|language=no}}</ref> Aliishi Holmestrand na alifariki muda mfupi kabla ya kutimiza miaka 83.<ref name=obit/><ref name=80y/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|2011}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] psrj7t2o4u7agfixfq9kdqqgfqg09g9 0 238543 1550342 1550110 2026-05-25T13:24:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Loraine Stampa''' ([[Novemba 29]], [[1875]] – [[Mei 26]], [[1951]]), aliyejulikana pia kama G. L. Stampa, alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]]<ref name="The Times-1951">{{Rejea habari |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS102059196/TTDA |title=Mr. G. L. Stampa |newspaper=[[The Times]] |publication-place=London |issue=52012 |page=6 |date=28 May 1951 |access-date=2024-01-24 |via=The Times Digital Archive}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian-1951">{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-guardian-mr-george-l-stampa/139460269/ |title=Mr George L. Stampa |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |publication-place=London |page=8 |date=May 28, 1951 |access-date=2024-01-24 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url-access=subscription|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-243259|title=Stampa, George Loraine, (29 Nov. 1875–26 May 1951), artist|website=Who's Who & Who Was Who|year=2007|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U243259|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref>.Alichangia katika jarida la Punch kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 na alikuwa mchoraji picha wa vitabu vilivyoandikwa na [[A. P. Herbert]], [[E. V. Lucas]] na [[Anthony Armstrong (mwandishi)|Anthony Armstrong]]. Alichangia katika magazeti mengi ya picha, ikiwemo ''The Bystander'', ''The Humorist'', ''The Sketch'' na ''The Tatler''. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya sanaa kwenye [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya joto ya [[1928]].<ref name="Olympedia">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920549 |title=George Loraine Stampa |work=Olympedia|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1875]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1951]] px2hv7d9w03zdlervvubxcotjtpq6g2 0 238545 1550366 1550112 2026-05-25T13:59:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Gunda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Independent Democrats (ID) na baadaye alihamia [[chama]] cha African National Congress (ANC). == Wasifu wa Kazi == John Gunda alijiunga na chama cha Independent Democrats (ID) mnamo mwaka 2003 na alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge mnamo 2004. Alijiuzulu mnamo 2008 na kisha akachaguliwa tena mnamo 2009. Mnamo mwaka 2005, akiwa kiongozi wa chama cha ID katika jimbo la Northern Cape, Gunda alipatikana na hatia ya kumbaka mwanamke mmoja na akahukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 10 jela. Hata hivyo, mwaka uliofuata, alifutiwa mashtaka yote na kuonekana hana hatia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ID man cleared of rape|url=https://www.sowetan.co.za//news/2006-12-14-id-man-cleared-of-rape/|work=Sowetan|date=2006-12-14|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2010, alitajwa na kuaibishwa hadharani na [[kiongozi]] wa ID, Patricia de Lille, kama mmoja wa wabunge waliofanya makosa makubwa zaidi katika matumizi mabaya ya marupurupu ya safari za bunge.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Last-minute defections, endorsement|url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2014-05-06-last-minute-defections-endorsement/|work=IOL|date=2267-01-11|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] is00iz0ich3ec4rjajrgoat2het8tes 0 238547 1550385 1550114 2026-05-25T16:56:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolph Hendrik "Roelie" Groenewald''' (alizaliwa 14 Julai 1950) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye aliwakilisha chama cha National Party (NP) katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=ANC Input}}</ref> Alichaguliwa katika kiti chake kwenye uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 1994 na alihudumu kama naibu msemaji wa chama chake kuhusu masuala ya sheria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nice guy, but can he do the job?|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1998-07-17-nice-guy-but-can-he-do-the-job/|work=The Mail & Guardian|date=1998-07-17|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-ZA|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> Groenewald aligombea tena nafasi hiyo mwaka [[1999]] kama mgombea kupitia chama cha New National Party, ambacho kilikuwa mrithi wa chama cha NP. Hata hivyo, alishika nafasi ya 8 kwenye orodha ya chama ya kikanda kwa upande wa Gauteng na hivyo hakufanikiwa kuchaguliwa tena. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] 3xgty80gassz8r0jwpwn103x60drfuc 1550434 1550385 2026-05-25T19:18:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolph Hendrik "Roelie" Groenewald''' (alizaliwa 14 Julai 1950) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye aliwakilisha chama cha National Party (NP) katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=ANC Input|archive-date=1998-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alichaguliwa katika kiti chake kwenye uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 1994 na alihudumu kama naibu msemaji wa chama chake kuhusu masuala ya sheria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nice guy, but can he do the job?|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1998-07-17-nice-guy-but-can-he-do-the-job/|work=The Mail & Guardian|date=1998-07-17|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-ZA|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> Groenewald aligombea tena nafasi hiyo mwaka [[1999]] kama mgombea kupitia chama cha New National Party, ambacho kilikuwa mrithi wa chama cha NP. Hata hivyo, alishika nafasi ya 8 kwenye orodha ya chama ya kikanda kwa upande wa Gauteng na hivyo hakufanikiwa kuchaguliwa tena. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] sj1q50uzd2onuipq8ns36vwd7m31ca7 0 238549 1550311 1550117 2026-05-25T12:39:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacobus Theron Albertyn''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye aliwakilisha chama cha National Party (NP) katika Bunge la Kitaifa kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1999,<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=ANC Input|archive-date=1998-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> baada ya kuchaguliwa katika kiti chake kwenye [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 1994. Kabla ya hapo, aliwakilisha chama cha NP katika Baraza la Wajumbe (House of Assembly) la enzi za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi (apartheid), akihudumia jimbo la False Bay.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZA HANSARDS|url=https://www.hansards.org.za/|work=ZA HANSARDS|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en|author=Za Hansards}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] foz7o2hbqja01guy32l4t3g7sykqx28 1550361 1550311 2026-05-25T13:49:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacobus Theron Albertyn''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini ambaye aliwakilisha chama cha National Party (NP) katika Bunge la Kitaifa kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 1999,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Assembly - Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|work=www.parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=ANC Input|archive-date=1998-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> baada ya kuchaguliwa katika kiti chake kwenye [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 1994. Kabla ya hapo, aliwakilisha chama cha NP katika Baraza la Wajumbe (House of Assembly) la enzi za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi (apartheid), akihudumia jimbo la False Bay.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ZA HANSARDS|url=https://www.hansards.org.za/|work=ZA HANSARDS|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en|author=Za Hansards}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] 7ckucmou2m3suvn7l88vv1oo4n7echb 0 238551 1550367 1550119 2026-05-25T13:59:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Ralph Beaumont DL, JP''' (22 Aprili 1927 – Novemba 1992) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Rhodesia. Alikuwa mtoto wa Ralph Edward Blackett Beaumont (mtoto wa Wentworth Beaumont, Aliyekuwa Makamu wa Kwanza wa Allendale) na mke wake Helena Mary Christine Wray (binti wa Cecil Wray) == Elimu == Alisoma katika Chuo cha Eton na kisha Chuo cha Christ Church, Oxford, ambapo alihitimu na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa (Master of Arts) mnamo mwaka 1952. == Kazi == Katika uchaguzi wa Shirikisho la Rhodesia na Nyasaland wa mwaka 1962, Beaumont alichaguliwa kuwakilisha jimbo la Mrewa, akihudumu katika jimbo hilo hadi shirikisho hilo lilipovunjwa mwaka uliofuata. Alikuwa Jaji wa Amani (Justice of the Peace) wa eneo la Powys mnamo mwaka [[1976]] na aliliwakilisha jimbo hilo kama Naibu Luteni (Deputy Lieutenant) kuanzia mwaka 1983.<ref>{{Citation|title=Page 5981 {{!}} Issue 49338, 3 May 1983 {{!}} London Gazett...|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/49338/page/5981|work=The Gazette|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Makazi == Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, aliishi kwenye nyumba ya familia huko Plas Llwyngwern, karibu na mji wa Machynlleth. == Familia == Mnamo tarehe 26 Juni 1951, alimuoa Audrey Lilian Christie Hickling, binti wa Edward Thomas Hickling, na kwa pamoja walipata watoto sita (wavulana watano na msichana mmoja): * Ralph Wentworth Christopher Beaumont (alizaliwa 4 Aprili 1952) * Nigel Canning Vane Beaumont (alizaliwa 9 Januari 1954) * Andrew John Blackett Beaumont (alizaliwa 27 Machi 1956) * Louise Christine Winsmore Beaumont (alizaliwa 27 Machi 1956) * Hugh Edward Stewart Beaumont (alizaliwa 31 Machi 1959) * Peter John Tempest Beaumont (alizaliwa 29 Desemba 1964) == Kifo == Beaumont alifariki akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 65 huko Wales.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Person Page|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p533.htm#i5328|work=www.thepeerage.com|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Zimbabwe]] tsxdbdf4r02hvxn8328tjo8umsddqj0 0 238553 1550371 1550123 2026-05-25T15:12:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martin Snape''' ([[Desemba 31]], [[1852]] – [[Novemba 24]], [[1930]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa enzi ya [[Malkia Victoria]] na [[Edward VII]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gva.org.uk/contact/|title=Contact – Gosport Voluntary Action}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1852]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]] pt7ynlqwo4jyapjgfhlqbpewvcqp4d2 0 238558 1550453 1550138 2026-05-25T21:58:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Georgiyevich Kinelyov''' (alizaliwa 28 Januari 1945) alikuwa profesa na mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Urusi]]. Alikuwa [[Wizara ya Elimu na Sayansi (Urusi)|Waziri wa Elimu]] na [[Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi|Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi]] anayeshughulikia elimu na sayansi katika miaka ya 1990, chini ya [[Rais wa Urusi|Rais]] [[Boris Yeltsin]]. == Serikalini == Alihudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu mnamo mwaka 1996<ref>[https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/russian-teachers-miners-walk-out Russian teachers, miners walk out]. Green Left Weekly. Published 14 February 1996. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref> na alikuwa waziri wa elimu wa Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1996<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psyoffice.ru/6-1041-kinel-v-vladimir-georgievich.htm |title=КИНЕЛЁВ Владимир Георгиевич |accessdate=2026-05-25 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119185839/https://www.psyoffice.ru/6-1041-kinel-v-vladimir-georgievich.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> hadi mwaka 1998.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/russiagov/stories/three030198.htm News in Brief: Yeltsin Fires Three More Officials]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Published 1 March 1998. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.rferl.org/a/1088067.html Russia: Yeltsin Replaces Fired Ministers]. [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]. Published 2 March 1998. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] mxi3ulm3uznlnmy2fst04ygwft7k77e 1550498 1550453 2026-05-26T01:12:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Georgiyevich Kinelyov''' (alizaliwa 28 Januari 1945) alikuwa profesa na mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Urusi]]. Alikuwa [[Wizara ya Elimu na Sayansi (Urusi)|Waziri wa Elimu]] na [[Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi|Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi]] anayeshughulikia elimu na sayansi katika miaka ya 1990, chini ya [[Rais wa Urusi|Rais]] [[Boris Yeltsin]]. == Serikalini == Alihudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu mnamo mwaka 1996<ref>[https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/russian-teachers-miners-walk-out Russian teachers, miners walk out]. Green Left Weekly. Published 14 February 1996. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref> na alikuwa waziri wa elimu wa Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1996<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.psyoffice.ru/6-1041-kinel-v-vladimir-georgievich.htm |title=КИНЕЛЁВ Владимир Георгиевич |accessdate=2026-05-25 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119185839/https://www.psyoffice.ru/6-1041-kinel-v-vladimir-georgievich.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> hadi mwaka 1998.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/russiagov/stories/three030198.htm News in Brief: Yeltsin Fires Three More Officials]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Published 1 March 1998. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.rferl.org/a/1088067.html Russia: Yeltsin Replaces Fired Ministers]. [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]. Published 2 March 1998. Retrieved 17 February 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 98mhh99qcvjq4oocx4cs6dae1fj2yh9 0 238559 1550341 1550139 2026-05-25T13:23:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gennady Vladimirovich Konyakhin''' ( alizaliwa 25 Aprili 1959)<ref>[https://opko42.ru/gkonyahin/ Konyakhin Gennady Vladimirovich]</ref> ni mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Urusi]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa meya wa mji wa wachimbaji madini wa [[Leninsk-Kuznetsky (mji)|Leninsk-Kuznetsky]] uliopo katika [[Ukanda wa Kiuchumi wa Siberia Magharibi]] mnamo Aprili 1997. Alipata umaarufu nchini kote Urusi baada ya machapisho katika gazeti la [[Izvestia]], ambapo alihusishwa na makundi ya wahalifu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city-n.ru/view/201931.html|title=Konyakhin defends his thesis|language=ru|date=2011-11-17}}</ref> Rais wa Urusi [[Boris Yeltsin]] alitolea mfano wa kuchaguliwa kwa Konyakhin kama kielelezo cha "juhudi za majambazi kutafuta madaraka."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/184776|title=President wants to change the law to remove mayor of Leninsk-Kuznetsky|language=ru|website=[[Kommersant]]|date=1997-09-30}}</ref> Konyakhin alikamatwa tarehe 8 Oktoba 1997 mjini Moscow na kushtakiwa kwa ubadhirifu wa fedha za serikali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=20247&tx_ttnews&#91;backPid&#93;=211 |title=SIBERIAN MAYOR ARRESTED |date=October 9, 1997}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Novemba 1998, alipewa hukumu ya kifungo cha nje cha miaka minne (suspended sentence).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/13567298 |title=THE CONTRACT FAILED. NOW WHAT? For Now, Former Leninsk-Kuznetsky Mayor Gennady Konyakhin Plans to Return Only to Business |date=December 23, 1998 |author=Yevgenia Ivankova}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 4agh2x8yppxabwo8jvi81ich6l9e0cu 0 238560 1550399 1550141 2026-05-25T17:47:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valery Yakovlevich Komissarov''' ( alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1965) ni mtangazaji, mtayarishaji, mwongozaji, na mwandishi wa skripti wa vipindi vingi vya televisheni. Gazeti la Financial Times lilimwita “baba wa vipindi vya uhalisia vya [[Urusi]]" (father of Russian reality show).<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2011-12-16 |title=Mother of all TV shows |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/52946642-2608-11e1-856e-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2022-04-18}}</ref> Ni mwanachama wa zamani wa chama cha [[Urusi ya Pamoja]] (United Russia), na mbunge wa zamani wa [[Duma ya Serikali]] (1999–2011). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] a3trguq53bum05ufxmys0chqk3izqh0 0 238561 1550398 1550142 2026-05-25T17:34:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trond Dolva''' (13 Julai 1934 – 11 Desemba 2022) alikuwa jaji wa [[Norwei|Norway]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Norske dommere til Bosnia |url=[https://www.vg.no/i/yvR0aa](https://www.vg.no/i/yvR0aa) |access-date=2022-06-10 |work=VG |language=nb}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Kongsberg. Alifanya kazi kama naibu mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya Sheria na Polisi ya Norway kuanzia mwaka 1976, kisha akawa jaji mkuu katika Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Eidsivating kuanzia 1980, na baadaye jaji wa Mahakama Kuu ya Norway kuanzia 1984 hadi 2004.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Trond Dolva|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|url=[http://www.snl.no/Trond%20Dolva|language=no|accessdate=25](http://www.snl.no/Trond%20Dolva|language=no|accessdate=25) November 2010}}</ref> Akiwa anaishi Asker, alikuwa kiongozi wa skauti katika eneo hilo. Alikuwa ameoa na alikuwa na watoto watatu. Alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 88.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trond Dolva til minne|author=Dahl, Nils Johan|language=no|work=[[Budstikka]]|date=31 December 2022|page=26}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1934|2022}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] nk36m63u627caz2rp1ccicn5svjowdo 0 238564 1550402 1550145 2026-05-25T17:51:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Mikhailovich Lopukhin''' (23 Mei 1952 – 26 Mei 2020) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanauchumi wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Nishati (Urusi)|Waziri wa Kwanza wa Mafuta na Nishati wa Shirikisho la Urusi]] kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1992.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30634900.html|title=Первый министр топлива и энергетики России умер от коронавируса|website=Радио Свобода|date=26 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apa.az/en/cis-countries-news/Former-first-Russian-Minister-of-fuel-and-energy-Vladimir-Lopukhin-dies-of-coronavirus-321705|title=Former first Russian Minister of fuel and energy Vladimir Lopukhin dies of coronavirus|date=26 May 2020|website=apa.az}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2020}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 0e9e6grl49z9x47cnoruy5ennjztjvi 0 238568 1550333 1550149 2026-05-25T13:13:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yevgeny Dmitrievich Lyubivy''' (3 Aprili 1974 – 8 Januari 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa na daktari wa [[Urusi]]. == Maisha na kazi == Lyubivy alizaliwa mjini [[Alexeyevka, Mkoa wa Belgorod|Alexeyevka]], katika [[Mkoa wa Belgorod]] mnamo tarehe 3 Aprili 1974. Kuanzia mwaka 2018, alikuwa mtaalamu mkuu wa kujitegemea na daktari wa upasuaji wa Wizara ya Afya ya [[Mkoa wa Kaliningrad]], pamoja na kuwa mratibu wa mradi wa "Wakati Ujao Wenye Afya" (Healthy Future) kupitia chama cha [[Urusi ya Pamoja]] (United Russia) katika mkoa huo.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=29 October 2021 |title=Главой Калининграда стал главврач городской больницы Евгений Любивый |url=https://ria.ru/20211008/kaliningrad-1753670105.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029165941/https://ria.ru/20211008/kaliningrad-1753670105.html |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=10 January 2026 |work=РИА Новости |language=ru-RU}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|2026}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 2el0kudbty0kk21llkmgtyq1ocuhoki 0 238576 1550393 1550159 2026-05-25T17:17:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spiridon Dionisevich Merkulov''' (1870 – 1957) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyepata umaarufu mkubwa wakati wa [[Vita vya Kiraia vya Urusi]], hasa katika eneo la [[Mashariki ya Mbali ya Urusi]]. Aliongoza kwa muda mfupi [[Serikali ya Muda ya Priamurye]] kuanzia Mei 1921 hadi Julai 1922. Akiwa amezaliwa katika familia ya wakulima huko [[Mkoa wa Amur (Milki ya Urusi)|Amur]], Merkulov alisomea shahada ya sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kifalme cha Saint Petersburg]]. Baadaye alifanya kazi katika [[Wizara ya Mali ya Serikali]] kabla ya kuhamia [[Vladivostok]], ambako alihudumu kama mshauri wa kisheria wa serikali ya jiji hilo na kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali kama vile mkaguzi mkuu katika [[Kampuni ya Bima ya Kaskazini]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Меркулов Спиридон Дионисьевич {{!}} М {{!}} {{!}} Белая гвардия |url=http://ruguard.ru/glossary/o-94.html |publisher=ruguard.ru |access-date=2023-12-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1870|1957}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 6ask3t0r64joehxuenjdl0kwogmfodl 0 238577 1550389 1550167 2026-05-25T16:59:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rustam Nurgaliyevich Minnikhanov''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama [[Mkuu wa Tatarstan]], ambayo ni [[Mikoa ya Urusi|mkoa wa shirikisho]] nchini [[Urusi]], tangu mwaka 2010. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Rustam Minnikhanov alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 1 Machi 1957, katika familia ya [[Watafiti wa Volga]] (Volga Tatar) kwenye kijiji cha New Arysh katika [[Wilaya ya Rybno-Slobodsky]] ndani ya [[Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kujitawala ya Kitatari|RSSA ya Kitatari]]. Alihitimu kutoka Taasisi ya Kilimo ya [[Kazan]] mnamo mwaka 1978 kama mhandisi wa mitambo, na kutoka Taasisi ya Mawasiliano ya Biashara ya Kisovieti kama mtaalamu wa bidhaa mnamo mwaka 1986. Yeye ni daktari wa sayansi ya uchumi (doctor of economic sciences).<ref name="vesti_bio">{{Rejea tovuti | title = Минниханов Рустам Нургалиевич | work = Вести.Ru | access-date = 2010-03-28 | date = 2010-01-22 | url = http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=337248 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] ivt08yp10qd1ih9nk7n50ukfmquiv4t 0 238579 1550381 1550166 2026-05-25T16:30:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluf Vilhelm Falck-Ytter''' (6 Machi 1832 – 24 Oktoba 1914) alikuwa mwanasheria, mtumishi wa umma, mwandishi, mhariri na mchapishaji kutoka [[Norway]]. == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa katika Stange katika kaunti ya [[Hedmark]], Norway. Alikuwa mtoto wa afisa wa serikali (fogd) Nils Ytter (1788–1868) na mke wake Marie Dorothea Falck (1786–1867). Baada ya kuhitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1857, alianza kazi ya utumishi wa umma. == Kazi == Alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Fedha ya Norway kuanzia 1857 hadi 1884. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa hakimu wa mahakama ya mji (stipendiary magistrate) katika mji wa Sarpsborg kuanzia 1884 hadi 1914.<ref name="nbl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Oluf Falck-Ytter |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Oluf_Falck-Ytter/utdypning](http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Oluf_Falck-Ytter/utdypning) |last=Risa |first=Gunvor |editor-last=Helle, Knut |editor-link=Knut Helle |language=Norwegian |accessdate=12 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Magne Njåstad |title=fogd |url=[https://snl.no/fogd](https://snl.no/fogd) |access-date=February 1, 2017 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1832|1914}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] t4max2u3rv80e2n1u4988zvxmhtsq8a 0 238588 1550377 1550177 2026-05-25T16:24:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikolaus August Ernst von der Nonne''' (1836–1906) alikuwa mhandisi wa [[Urusi]] mwenye asili ya [[Kijerumani]]. Alikuwa mhandisi wa mji wa [[Baku]] na alihudumu kama [[Meya wa Baku]] kuanzia mwaka 1898 hadi 1901. == Maisha ya mapema == Alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 16 Juni 1836 katika familia yenye asili ya [[Wajerumani]] katika [[Gavana wa Saint Petersburg|Gavana ya Saint Petersburg]]. Baba yake, Johann Georg August Ernst von der Nonne (1798–1860), alikuwa kabaila wa Kijerumani mwenye asili ya mji wa [[Bodenwerder]], [[Saksonia Chini]] (Lower Saxony). Mama yake, Anna (1810–1891), alikuwa wa familia ya kikabaila ya [[:de:Tornow (Adelsgeschlecht)|von Tornau]]. Alikuwa muumini wa [[Ulutheri]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Erik-Amburger-Datenbank - Datensatz anzeigen|url=https://amburger.ios-regensburg.de/index.php?id=65435&mode=1|access-date=2021-05-19|website=amburger.ios-regensburg.de}}</ref> Pia alikuwa na kaka na dada kadhaa, nao ni Alexander Johann August Ernst (alizaliwa 1831), Friedrich August Ernst (alizaliwa 1836), Michael (1839–1919) na Anna (aliyeolewa na Eugen Alexander von Ovander mnamo mwaka 1864). Kaka yake [[Michael von der Nonne]] alikuwa msanifu majengo wa mji wa [[Yerevan]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1836|1906}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 5pavkhloq4vqmd1fvz8tgm98t6gk8gr 0 238596 1550392 1550188 2026-05-25T17:17:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soyun Kasumovich Sadykov''' ( alizaliwa 5 Machi 1960 mjini [[Gardabani]], [[Umoja wa Kisovieti|USSR]]) ni mwanasiasa wa Urusi, mwanaharakati wa jamii na kiongozi wa serikali, na mchezaji wa zamani wa karate ya [[Sambo (sanaa ya kijeshi)|sambo]]. Sadykov ni Mfumo wa Pamoja wa Uainishaji wa Michezo wa USSR na Urusi na Mtaalamu wa Michezo (Master of Sports), bingwa wa sambo wa USSR na mshindi wa tuzo katika Mashindano ya Sambo ya Ulaya. Aliongoza Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Kitamaduni ya Shirikisho la Waazerbaijani nchini Urusi (FNCA AZERROS). Sadykov ni Rais wa "Kituo cha Kuiga Maendeleo ya Kimkakati" (Strategic Development Modeling Center) na mwakilishi aliyeidhinishwa wa Rais wa Urusi [[Vladimir Putin]] katika [[Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Urusi wa 2012|uchaguzi wa kuanzia mwaka 2012]] hadi 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rostov.kp.ru/daily/press/detail/13961/|title=Встреча-примирение сторон конфликта из-за гибели футболиста из Азербайджана|author=Комсомольская правда {{!}} Сайт «Комсомольской правды»|publisher=KP.RU&nbsp;– сайт «Комсомольской правды»|language=ru|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sWsuJOI90RcC&dq=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%BD&pg=PA159 | title = 33 и еще одна история из жизни нашего "Материка" |date = 2003 |publisher= ОЛМА Медиа Групп | isbn = 978-5-224-04553-2}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.iarex.ru/articles/22954.html|title=Союн Садыков: Диалог власти и общества&nbsp;— новая политтехнология или новый Путин? - ИА REX|publisher=iarex.ru|language=ru|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gosnews.ru/news/nasledie/soyun_sadykov_byt_ili_ne_byt_stalinu_|title=Союн Садыков: "Быть или не быть Сталину..."|date=25 December 2014 |publisher=gosnews.ru|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] grxaa91arflc63cgmgoqegtzr05ls73 0 238598 1550332 1550190 2026-05-25T13:12:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evgeniy Saulovich Sapiro''' (29 Januari 1934 – 21 Septemba 2024) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanauchumi wa Umoja wa Kisovieti na [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Kikanda (Urusi)|Waziri wa Sera ya Kikanda na Kitaifa wa Urusi mnamo mwaka 1998. Sapiro alifariki dunia mjini [[Perm, Urusi|Perm]], Urusi mnamo tarehe 21 Septemba 2024, akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://v-kurse.ru/2024/09/21/362107|title=Ушёл из жизни первый председатель ЗакСобрания Пермской области и бывший федеральный министр Сапиро Евгений|work=V-Kurse.ru|date=21 September 2024|access-date=21 September 2024|language=Russian}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://59.ru/text/politics/2024/09/21/74116973/?ysclid=m1bufvcieo846244019|title=Скончался пермский политик, экономист и преподаватель Евгений Сапиро|work=59.ru|date=21 September 2024|access-date=21 September 2024|language=Russian}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2024}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] arlmalecy5hsfubpltkqq5cjwwrxfs9 0 238601 1550380 1550197 2026-05-25T16:29:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oleg Genrikhovich Savelyev''' (kwa Kirusi: Олег Генрихович Савельев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Crimea|Waziri wa Masuala ya Crimea]] (31 Machi 2014 – 15 Juni 2015) na kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi (2008–2014) katika Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://rg.ru/2014/03/31/post-anons.html|title=Министерство по делам Крыма возглавит Олег Савельев|website=Российская газета|date=31 March 2014 |access-date=2016-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://argumenti.ru/society/2014/03/329061|title=Олег Савельев назначен главой Министерства по делам Крыма - АН-онлайн|website=argumenti.ru|access-date=2016-07-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] hzzqtr8c341n534sczuo6mbywe0qiz6 0 238604 1550701 1550201 2026-05-26T08:09:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Geir Grung (Mwanadiplomasia)]] hadi [[Geir Grung (mwanadiplomasia)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geir Grung''' (17 Agosti 1938 – 1 Juni 2005) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini [[Bergen]], na alikuwa na elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1969, akapandishwa cheo kuwa naibu katibu mwaka 1977 na msemaji mwaka 1980. Alihudumu katika ubalozi wa Norway mjini [[Paris]] kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1989, akiwa naibu katibu mkuu katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1991 hadi 1996, na baadaye kuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2002.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Geir Grung – norsk diplomat|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Geir_Grung/norsk_diplomat|language=Norwegian|accessdate=7](http://www.snl.no/Geir_Grung/norsk_diplomat|language=Norwegian|accessdate=7) Machi 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2005}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 5t3e164n1xxpcrbuu0u7xdgpqzujx5s 0 238607 1550357 1550204 2026-05-25T13:44:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igor Ivanovich Sechin''' ( alizaliwa 7 Septemba 1960) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na afisa wa serikali ya [[Urusi]], anachukuliwa kuwa mshirika wa karibu na "naibu wa de facto" wa [[Vladimir Putin]]. Yeye ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (CEO) wa [[Rosneft]].<ref>''The Guardian''. 12 January 2017. Page 6.</ref> Sechin amekuwa mtu wa karibu na msiri wa kiongozi wa Urusi Vladimir Putin tangu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Sechin alikuwa mkuu wa wafanyakazi (chief of staff) wa Putin wakati Putin alipokuwa naibu meya wa St. Petersburg mnamo mwaka 1994. Wakati Putin alipokuwa Rais mnamo mwaka 2000, Sechin alikua naibu mkuu wa wafanyakazi wake, akisimamia idara za usalama na masuala ya nishati nchini Urusi.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Foy |first=Henry |date=2018-03-01 |title='We need to talk about Igor': the rise of Russia's most powerful oligarch |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/dc7d48f8-1c13-11e8-aaca-4574d7dabfb6 |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari |last1=Reznik |first1=Irina |last2=Bierman |first2=Stephen |last3=Meyer |first3=Henry |date=2014-02-07 |title=State-run Russian oil behemoth Rosneft helps Vladimir Putin tighten his economic grip |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/state-run-russian-oil-behemoth-rosneft-helps-vladimir-putin-tighten-his-economic-grip/2014/02/07/c725a702-8d06-11e3-95dd-36ff657a4dae_story.html |access-date=2022-03-03 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Putin alimteua Sechin kuwa mwenyekiti wa Rosneft, kampuni ya mafuta ya serikali ya Urusi, mnamo mwaka 2004.<ref name="fpph">{{cite news |last1=Hussain |first1=Yadullah |date=10 March 2020 |title=Meet the Russian oil tycoon who likely triggered the Riyadh-Moscow oil war |publisher=[[Financial Post]], a division of Postmedia Network Inc |url=https://business.financialpost.com/executive/posthaste-meet-the-russian-oil-tycoon-who-likely-triggered-the-riyadh-moscow-oil-war |access-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320230932/https://business.financialpost.com/executive/posthaste-meet-the-russian-oil-tycoon-who-likely-triggered-the-riyadh-moscow-oil-war |archive-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi katika baraza la mawaziri la [[Vladimir Putin]] kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Luhn |first=Alec |date=2017-02-08 |title=The "Darth Vader" of Russia: meet Igor Sechin, Putin's right-hand man |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/2/8/14539800/igor-sechin-putin-trump-sanctions-oil-rosneft-tillerson-secretary-of-state-kremlin |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa, yeye ndiye [[afisa mtendaji mkuu]], [[Rais (wadhifa wa shirika)|rais]] na mwenyekiti wa bodi ya usimamizi ya Rosneft.<ref name="fpph" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] jtk3iko7a7gsaf0vmpyso63rluwzqix 0 238613 1550403 1550213 2026-05-25T17:51:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Nikolayevich Shcherbak''' (1939&ndash;2010) alikuwa mtendaji wa chama cha [[Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti|CPSU]] na mwanasiasa wa Umoja wa Kisovieti na [[Urusi]]. Nyadhifa zake za mwisho kabla ya kustaafu mnamo mwaka 2000 zilikuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi|Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi (1999–2000) na Wizara ya Kilimo Urusi, (1999).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://portrets.ru/5.52.html|title=Щербак Владимир Николаевич министр СХ РФ(1999г.)|website=portrets.ru}}</ref> Alikuwa na cheo cha juu cha utumishi wa umma wa shirikisho cha [[Mshauri Amilifu wa Serikali wa Daraja la Kwanza wa Shirikisho la Urusi]] (1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation).<ref>Decree|index=303|date=3 March 1999|legislature=[[President of Russia]]|title=О присвоении квалификационных разрядов федеральным государственным служащим Министерства сельского хозяйства и продовольствия Российской Федерации|language=ru|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000503&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000070&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.03.1999&a8=303&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=63&y=12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|2010}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 7cn5xg4cx6txi45v5cc44crcw8ldux6 0 238636 1550334 1550246 2026-05-25T13:13:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evgeny Borisovich Shulepov''' (8 Juni 1958 – 17 Septemba 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] na meya wa zamani wa [[Vologda]], [[Mkoa wa Vologda]], kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2016. == Maisha na kazi == Shulepov alizaliwa huko Kroplevo, Wilaya ya Gryazovetsky, Mkoa wa Vologda, [[Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kiitikadi ya Urusi|Russian SFSR]], [[Umoja wa Kisovieti|USSR]] mnamo tarehe 8 Juni 1958. Alihudumu kama mbunge wa Baraza la Kutungia Sheria la Mkoa wa Vologda (2021–2025). Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2016, alikuwa meya wa jiji la [[Vologda]]. Pia alikuwa mbunge wa Duma ya Taifa na Duma ya Taifa ya Shirikisho la Urusi katika mkutano wa saba (VII convocation) kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Шулепов Евгений Борисович |url=http://duma.gov.ru/duma/persons/99112892/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Государственная Дума |language=ru}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[Urusi Moja]] (United Russia), na mjumbe wa Kamati ya Duma ya Taifa kuhusu Masoko ya Fedha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Шулепов Евгений Борисович |url=http://duma.gov.ru/duma/persons/99112892/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Государственная Дума |language=ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|2025}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 4nk6xkau4b2w96hhgn6m9jf7f8mtyka 0 238638 1550440 1550248 2026-05-25T20:05:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergei Alekseyevich Shuvalov''' (24 Juni 1951 – 25 Septemba 2021) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi|Urusi.]] Alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Duma ya Mkoa wa Saratov kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2005, na kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Shirikisho (Urusi)|Baraza la Shirikisho la Bunge la Shirikisho (Urusi)|Bunge la Shirikisho la Shirikisho la Urusi kama mwakilishi wa {{ill|Serikali ya Mkoa wa Saratov|ru|Правительство Саратовской области|lt=mamlaka ya utendaji ya Mkoa wa Saratov}} kati ya mwaka 2005 na 2010. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Shuvalov alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 24 Juni 1951 mjini [[Saratov]], wakati huo ukiwa sehemu ya Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kiitikadi ya Urusi, katika [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]].<ref name=FC>{{cite web|url=http://council.gov.ru/services/reference/9757/|title=Шувалов Сергей Алексеевич |publisher=[[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]|language=ru|access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=lo>{{cite web|url=http://lobbying.ru/content/persons/id_1293_linkid_9.html|title=Шувалов Сергей Алексеевич|publisher=lobbying.ru|language=ru|access-date=16 September 2021|archive-date=2021-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926191900/http://lobbying.ru/content/persons/id_1293_linkid_9.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alisoma katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Jimbo la Saratov cha Yuri Gagarin|Taasisi ya Politekniki ya Saratov]], akahitimu mnamo mwaka 1973 na kuwa mtafiti mdogo katika idara ya vifaa vya kielektroniki ya taasisi hiyo. Baadaye alitunukiwa shahada ya Uzamivu (Doctorate) ya Sayansi ya Uchumi na alikuwa profesa.<ref name=lo/><ref name=vg>{{cite web|first=Olga|last=Fetisova|url=https://www.vzsar.ru/news/2021/09/26/yshel-iz-jizni-sergey-shyvalov.html|title=Ушел из жизни Сергей Шувалов|publisher=Vzglyad-info|language=ru|date=26 September 2021|access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951|2021}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] jeb2hdm5knjzu57ekah31dnqo1ka9bd 0 238640 1550391 1550250 2026-05-25T17:07:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1550391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergey Nikanorovich Sirotkin''' (14 Aprili 1952 – 28 Mei 2023) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyekuwa mwanachama wa [[Duma ya Taifa]] kupitia Chama cha Kiliberali cha Kidemokrasia cha Urusi (LDPR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldpr.ru/#power/State_Duma/deputys/Sirotkin_Sergey|script-title=ru:Сироткин Сергей Никанорович|publisher=Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|language=Russian|accessdate=19 July 2013}}</ref> Alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Duma ya Taifa kuhusu Sera ya Kiuchumi, Ujasiriamali na Utalii. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti, na alijiunga na chama cha LDPR mnamo mwaka 1991. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Amri na Uhandisi cha Krylov na alifanya kazi katika jeshi. Kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2000, Sirotkin alikuwa mbunge wa Baraza la Kutungia Sheria la Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa pili (2nd convocation).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/zakonodatelnoe-sobranie-2-go-sozyva/|title=Законодательное собрание 2-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 2 Machi 2008, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Duma ya Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa tano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|title=Ивановская областная Дума 5-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110162254/https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2023}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 5zyu9cgo1cyr8iayksmfj1j1vwl9xc8 1550442 1550391 2026-05-25T20:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergey Nikanorovich Sirotkin''' (14 Aprili 1952 – 28 Mei 2023) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyekuwa mwanachama wa [[Duma ya Taifa]] kupitia Chama cha Kiliberali cha Kidemokrasia cha Urusi (LDPR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldpr.ru/#power/State_Duma/deputys/Sirotkin_Sergey|script-title=ru:Сироткин Сергей Никанорович|publisher=Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|language=Russian|accessdate=19 July 2013}}</ref> Alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Duma ya Taifa kuhusu Sera ya Kiuchumi, Ujasiriamali na Utalii. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti, na alijiunga na chama cha LDPR mnamo mwaka 1991. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Amri na Uhandisi cha Krylov na alifanya kazi katika jeshi. Kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2000, Sirotkin alikuwa mbunge wa Baraza la Kutungia Sheria la Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa pili (2nd convocation).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/zakonodatelnoe-sobranie-2-go-sozyva/|title=Законодательное собрание 2-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920172313/https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/zakonodatelnoe-sobranie-2-go-sozyva/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 2 Machi 2008, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Duma ya Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa tano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|title=Ивановская областная Дума 5-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110162254/https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2023}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] hjhiw2kusj1jxxcnm2hxoeby3ndmgit 0 238641 1550406 1550252 2026-05-25T18:07:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yury Ilyich Skuratov''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1952) ni mwanasheria na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Urusi]]. Skuratov alizaliwa mjini [[Ulan-Ude]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 1999, alikuwa [[Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Urusi]] (Prosecutor-General of Russia). Mnamo mwezi Februari mwaka 1999, alifichua uwepo wa kashfa ya kifedha ya [[FIMACO]].[https://grokipedia.com/page/Yury%20Skuratov] <ref name="Powell28031999">{{Rejea habari |last=Powell |first=Bill |date=28 March 1999 |title=Follow the Money |work=[[Newsweek]] |url=https://www.newsweek.com/follow-money-163696 |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304045010/https://www.newsweek.com/follow-money-163696 |archive-date=4 March 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] bi91wv8kuuqwbmuwjj2862yirglc8kp 0 238643 1550376 1550254 2026-05-25T16:23:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Shingler''' (alizaliwa [[1959]]) ni mchora katuni, [[mchoraji]] picha, na mkaguzi wa majengo wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana kwa kazi yake ya sanaa na katuni, hasa zile zilizochapishwa kwa ushirikiano na ''Coventry Telegraph''.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Live|first=Coventry|date=2014-03-13|title=Telegraph cartoonist's work in the frame at city's new music museum|url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/coventry-telegraph-cartoonists-work-goes-6812799|access-date=2021-05-13|website=CoventryLive|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] admp2pwxjkmnl1m016tq5x8gmet3r8t 0 238646 1550368 1550258 2026-05-25T13:59:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Sibbick''' (alizaliwa [[1949]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] na [[msanii]] , anayejulikana kwa maonyesho yake ya maisha ya kabla ya historia na kwa sanaa yake ya fantasia.Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kwa kazi yake ya uchoraji wa [[dinosauri]] katika vitabu vya [[David Norman]] kama ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs'' ([[1985]]).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu |last=White |first=Steve |title=Dinosaur Art: The World's Greatest Paleoart |date=2012 |publisher=Titan Books |isbn=978-0-85768-584-1 |pages=102–114 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b98pe31qwim6y3ckjem7u5ziawoocjo 0 238655 1550349 1550270 2026-05-25T13:31:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurodarma Tsedashiyevich Tsedashiyev''' (5 Novemba 1948 – 2015) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyehudumu kama Mkuu wa kwanza wa Utawala wa [[Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1996.<ref name="Цедашиев2" >{{Rejea tovuti|title=Энциклопедия Забайкалья|url=http://ez.chita.ru/encycl/concepts/?id=4111|access-date=2021-11-29|website=ez.chita.ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|2015}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] bb26l2c2edu5oeqsxvoy6n62ehqmylo 0 238660 1550383 1550279 2026-05-25T16:52:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rem Ivanovich Viakhirev''' (au '''Vyakhirev'''; 23 Agosti 1934 – 11 Februari 2013)<ref>[http://ria.ru/society/20130211/922351607.html Скончался экс-глава «Газпрома» Рем Вяхирев]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-30 |title=Бывший глава «Газпрома» Рем Вяхирев скончался в возрасте 78 лет - Газета.Ru {{!}} Новости |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/business/news/2013/02/11/n_2750033.shtml |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Газета.Ru |language=ru}}</ref> alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Urusi]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[1992]] hadi 2001, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kampuni ya [[Gazprom]]. Mnamo Mei 2001, Viakhirev alilazimika kujiuzulu nafasi yake ya uenyekiti wakati wa harakati za [[Vladimir Putin]] za kuimarisha udhibiti wa kiuchumi wa serikali.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |title=Economic liberalism and its rivals : the formation of international institutions among the post-Soviet states|last=Darden |first=Keith A. |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521866538 |location=Cambridge |page=157 |oclc=320899384}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |title=Good governance in the era of global neoliberalism : conflict and depolitization in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |last=Mommen |first=André |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Demmers |editor-first=Jolle |editor-last2=Fernández Jilberto |editor-first2=A. E. |editor-last3=Hogenboom |editor-first3=Barbara |isbn=9780415341165 |location=London |pages=154, 155 |oclc=252723727}}</ref> Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[Alexey Miller]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] s6zcpnlo1zisqcynoth3nd433rlsvqo 0 238661 1550401 1550280 2026-05-25T17:49:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viktor Mikhailovich Vidmanov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Виктор Михайлович Видьманов; 25 Februari 1934 – Agosti 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Vidmanov alizaliwa mjini Davydovka, katika Mkoa wa Ulyanovsk mnamo 25 Februari 1934. Mnamo mwaka 1999, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[State Duma]] (Bunge la Urusi) la awamu ya tatu kupitia Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Shirikisho la Urusi. Hata hivyo, alikataa wadhifa huo wa ubunge ili kuendelea na majukumu yake katika nafasi zake zilizopita.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=С рабочим визитом посетил Красноярск член ЦК КПРФ В. М. Видьманов |url=https://kprf.ru/rus_soc/67183.html |access-date=21 August 2025 |website=kprf.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>http://duma.gov.ru/duma/deputies/3/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] r035hf21amtp5z1ntw7oz57mf0i1ssa 0 238667 1550703 1550289 2026-05-26T08:10:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gennady Voronin (Mchumi)]] hadi [[Gennady Voronin (mchumi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gennady Petrovich Voronin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Геннадий Петрович Воро́нин; 26 Novemba 1941 – 22 Novemba 2025) alikuwa mwanauchumi na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama rais wa [[Rosstandart|Gosstandart]] kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nanotech.ru/pages/about/_private/voronin.doc|title=Воронин Геннадий Петрович|work=nanotech.ru|language=Russian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CyAdfRHR?url=http://www.nanotech.ru/pages/about/_private/voronin.doc|archivedate=15 December 2012}}</ref> Voronin alifariki dunia mjini [[Moscow]] mnamo 22 Novemba 2025, akiwa na umri wa miaka 83.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=23 November 2025|title=Памяти Геннадия Петровича Воронина (1941–2025)|url=https://ria-stk.ru/news/detail.php?ID=246441&SECTION_ID=|trans-title= |work=Standarty i Kachestvo|language=Russian|location= |publisher= |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] ri90iikx0w1xz2a7pab8m0m92ipns1u 0 238669 1550291 2026-05-25T12:10:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alex T. Smith''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 2]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto, ikiwemo ''Primrose'', ''Egg'', ''Ella'', na mfululizo wa vitabu vya ''Claude''.<ref name="smith">{{cite web |title=Claude At Christmas |url=https://www.hachetteschools.co.uk/book/claude-at-christmas/ |website=Hachette Schools |access-date=2026-05-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mchoraji picha wa ''World Book Day'' mwaka [[2014]]. Mful...' 1550291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex T. Smith''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 2]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto, ikiwemo ''Primrose'', ''Egg'', ''Ella'', na mfululizo wa vitabu vya ''Claude''.<ref name="smith">{{cite web |title=Claude At Christmas |url=https://www.hachetteschools.co.uk/book/claude-at-christmas/ |website=Hachette Schools |access-date=2026-05-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mchoraji picha wa ''World Book Day'' mwaka [[2014]]. Mfululizo wake wa ''Claude'' ulichapishwa katika lugha 20 duniani kote na uligeuzwa kuwa kipindi cha televisheni. Amejishindia tuzo kadhaa ikiwemo ''UKLA Picture Book Award'' na ''Sainsbury's Children's Book Award''.<ref name="smith"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldbookday.com/about/the-world-book-day-illustrator/ |title=About the World Book Day Illustrator &#124; World Book Day |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065100/http://www.worldbookday.com/about/the-world-book-day-illustrator/ |archive-date=16 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tvll8yvwzifjbdl3g544kxjn9htc6ha 0 238670 1550293 2026-05-25T12:21:30Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355528896|Grace Kaudha]]" 1550293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|native_name=Hailat Magumba|death_date=1 July 2017|death_place=Mulago National Referral Hospital|watoto=One}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on "Iganga Woman MP Passes On"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRA). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. 6n8b47k3qhlkv4291l367vvli40bftw 1550294 1550293 2026-05-25T12:22:33Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|native_name=Hailat Magumba|death_date=1 July 2017|death_place=Mulago National Referral Hospital|watoto=One}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRA). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} hnbr5qb773wy09lgw97tcdoy5hyq5th 1550297 1550294 2026-05-25T12:26:15Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=One|chama=NRM|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRA). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} jfyt5k57f6aje9x90tfvqo12yei72oo 1550301 1550297 2026-05-25T12:30:02Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=One|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 5kria4h5uh2wgwthp51la8bll9csr1w 1550302 1550301 2026-05-25T12:32:14Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=One|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 82kohbten8ffv2k9p7hf07i8wkwcc5o 1550303 1550302 2026-05-25T12:32:54Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} fbuajcjzv3mjfsfv057y1kmmsskhcnk 1550305 1550303 2026-05-25T12:33:39Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kazi */ 1550305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 2vzyhtqxq91l86yalsueh2frdcojrov 1550306 1550305 2026-05-25T12:35:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kazi */ 1550306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} mhv3dm5hqemcesjxn9jhib6bqla0e20 1550308 1550306 2026-05-25T12:37:00Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} tlb9227nf9n9il3rten983be076qnfo 1550310 1550308 2026-05-25T12:39:55Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Maisha binafsi */ 1550310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 8p4ltr110gtaw1zwc347oflv65i3kn8 1550314 1550310 2026-05-25T12:43:46Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu, alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya kibinafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha. Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku. Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo pre-eclampsia iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya. Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} kpouyff7nd6jkl3piao478rrf7byh3e 1550316 1550314 2026-05-25T12:45:34Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha. Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku. Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo pre-eclampsia iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya. Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 7q8j8q5m291jnr9nil6j615kqrgr4ef 1550317 1550316 2026-05-25T12:46:08Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha. Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku. Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya. Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} b25k9n9bk4q7822qopkfgp1m43a21rb 1550319 1550317 2026-05-25T12:50:07Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku. Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya. Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} bkoa56zggesis4fe1twhb5y0vs7e8l0 1550322 1550319 2026-05-25T12:52:28Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya. Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 8b13hj2t41s54du919qkya6slbhbed1 1550324 1550322 2026-05-25T12:55:22Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya.<ref name=":1" /> Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} tlv7jfe1mj9edop3sdhlxzt5t5kw105 1550326 1550324 2026-05-25T12:58:03Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Kifo */ 1550326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya.<ref name=":1" /> Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/parliament-eulogizes-late-kaudha-appeals-for-better-health-sector/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} k052n5dxmp418rdhm2g07n25x4hiwtr 1550328 1550326 2026-05-25T13:02:24Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito|aliyemtangulia=Kabaale Kwagala Olivia|amezikwa=Magogo village, Nawaningi sub-county in Iganga district}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya.<ref name=":1" /> Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/parliament-eulogizes-late-kaudha-appeals-for-better-health-sector/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ie5etmw4at7hbitjbvpfsz3j223hrju 1550346 1550328 2026-05-25T13:29:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1550346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito|aliyemtangulia=Kabaale Kwagala Olivia|amezikwa=Magogo village, Nawaningi sub-county in Iganga district}}'''Grace Kaudha''', pia anajulikana kama Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba, (14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Uganda na mbunge ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya.<ref name=":1" /> Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/parliament-eulogizes-late-kaudha-appeals-for-better-health-sector/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} idbxcq3si7u8t8z5f475a7xcq7apbda 1550711 1550346 2026-05-26T08:14:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Grace Kaudha|watoto=Mmoja|chama=National Resistance Movement (NRM)|mwenza=Ibrahim Tooto|kazi yake=Mwanasiasa|uraia=Uganda|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=14 October 1986|tarehe ya kufa=1 July 2017|mahali alipofia=Mulago National Referral Hospital|sababu ya kifo=Matatizo ya Ujauzito|aliyemtangulia=Kabaale Kwagala Olivia|amezikwa=Magogo village, Nawaningi sub-county in Iganga district}} '''Grace Kaudha''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Grace Hailat Kaudha Magumba'''; 14 Oktoba 1986 - 1 Julai 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mbunge wa Uganda ambaye alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa [[wilaya ya Iganga]] katika bunge la 10 la Uganda mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP Passes On|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati ya Kitaifa ya Upinzani (NRM). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reporter|first=Independent|date=2017-07-08|title=Ugandan Woman MP Kaudha dies after child-birth complications|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ugandan-woman-mp-kaudha-dies-child-birth-complications/|accessdate=2022-03-29|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago kutokana na matatizo ya ujauzito. ==Kazi== Alikuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa wilaya ya Iganga aliyechukua nafasi ya Kabaale Kwagala Olivia, na alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kanuni, Nidhamu na Haki na Kamati ya Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP passes on at Mulago|url=https://observer.ug/news/iganga-woman-mp-passes-on-while-giving-birth/|work=The Observer|date=2017-07-08|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=The Observer Team}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Alikuwa mke wa Ibrahim Tooto na mama wa mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iganga Woman MP dies - PML Daily|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2017/07/iganga-woman-mp-dies.html|work=www.pmldaily.com|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=DANIEL KAZUNGU {{!}} PML Daily Contributing Editor}}</ref> ==Kifo== Kaudha alipopata uchungu alitafuta matibabu katika hospitali ya binafsi. Hata hivyo, daktari pekee wa hospitali hiyo hakupatikana kumwona na alilazimika kwenda katika hospitali tofauti ambayo pia haikuwa na wahudumu wa kutosha.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Telfer |first=Michelle |last2=Zaslow |first2=Rachel |last3=Chalo Nabirye |first3=Rose |last4=Nalugo Mbalinda |first4=Scovia |date=2021-12-01 |title=Review of midwifery education in Uganda: Toward a framework for integrated learning and midwifery model of care |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613821002254 |journal=Midwifery |volume=103 |pages=103145 |doi=10.1016/j.midw.2021.103145 |issn=0266-6138}}</ref> Alifariki katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Mulago huko Kawempe mnamo Jumamosi tarehe 1 Julai 2017 saa 2:00 usiku.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iganga-woman-mp-grace-kaudha-dies-1709570?view=htmlamp</ref> Kifo chake kinasemekana kusababishwa na hali iitwayo ''pre-eclampsia'' iliyosababishwa na matatizo ya ujauzito na ingezuilika ikiwa angepata huduma bora za afya.<ref name=":1" /> Alizikwa katika kijiji cha Magogo, kata ndogo ya Nawaningi wilayani Iganga.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/parliament-eulogizes-late-kaudha-appeals-for-better-health-sector/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1986|2017}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] ff2jwlhxbojslczocxzya0ka6ymhk2h 0 238671 1550295 2026-05-25T12:23:44Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Luteni Kanali]] '''Charles Hamilton Smith''' ([[Desemba 26]], [[1776]] – [[Septemba 21]], [[1859]]) alikuwa afisa wa Jeshi la [[Uingereza]], msanii, [[mwanasayansi]] wa asili , mtaalamu wa mambo ya kale , na jasusi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://authorities.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?AuthRecID=4408623&v1=1&HC=1&SEQ=20090819080514&PID=QloHkMGgXa8hkMG7_BQv1xrGqC|title=Charles Hamilton Smith|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref>...' 1550295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Luteni Kanali]] '''Charles Hamilton Smith''' ([[Desemba 26]], [[1776]] – [[Septemba 21]], [[1859]]) alikuwa afisa wa Jeshi la [[Uingereza]], msanii, [[mwanasayansi]] wa asili , mtaalamu wa mambo ya kale , na jasusi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://authorities.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?AuthRecID=4408623&v1=1&HC=1&SEQ=20090819080514&PID=QloHkMGgXa8hkMG7_BQv1xrGqC|title=Charles Hamilton Smith|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1776]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1859]] 0wkhjrv1m4zfwghp01r62vfitbwsgyl 0 238672 1550296 2026-05-25T12:26:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Graham David Smith''' ([[1937]] – [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Pia alifanya kazi nchini [[Marekani]] kwa jina la '''Paul Cline'''.<ref name=Hebborn>{{citation |title=Drawn to Trouble: Confessions of a Master Forger : a Memoir |first=Eric |last=Hebborn |authorlink=Eric Hebborn |year=1993 |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-679-42084-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/drawntotroubleco00hebb }}</ref...' 1550296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Graham David Smith''' ([[1937]] – [[2021]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Pia alifanya kazi nchini [[Marekani]] kwa jina la '''Paul Cline'''.<ref name=Hebborn>{{citation |title=Drawn to Trouble: Confessions of a Master Forger : a Memoir |first=Eric |last=Hebborn |authorlink=Eric Hebborn |year=1993 |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-679-42084-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/drawntotroubleco00hebb }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] st4z8whqigl40k2wfilnxdu445dp9nx 0 238673 1550299 2026-05-25T12:28:48Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harald Nikolai Heggen''' (23 Aprili 1867 – 19 Januari 1926) alikuwa jaji kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Aamot akiwa mtoto wa mkaguzi wa usafirishaji wa mbao Hans Heggen na Dorothea Sætre. Mwaka 1911 alioa Mary Archerkutoka Larvik, binti w a mjasiriamali mashuhuri Colin Archer.<ref name=hvem>[[https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0114.html](https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0114.html) ''Hvem er hvem?'' 1912]</ref> Mary baadaye alijulik...' 1550299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harald Nikolai Heggen''' (23 Aprili 1867 – 19 Januari 1926) alikuwa jaji kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Aamot akiwa mtoto wa mkaguzi wa usafirishaji wa mbao Hans Heggen na Dorothea Sætre. Mwaka 1911 alioa Mary Archerkutoka Larvik, binti w a mjasiriamali mashuhuri Colin Archer.<ref name=hvem>[[https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0114.html](https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0114.html) ''Hvem er hvem?'' 1912]</ref> Mary baadaye alijulikana kama mchoraji wa sanaa.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mary Archer Heggen|encyclopedia=[[Norsk kunstnerleksikon]]|url=[http://nkl.snl.no/Mary_Archer_Heggen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=21](http://nkl.snl.no/Mary_Archer_Heggen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=21) January 2014}}</ref> Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1884 na kuhitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheri kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Osl Royal Frederick University mwaka 1889. Baada ya kufanya kazi kama wakili mdogo na naibu jaji, aliteuliwa kuwa katibu katika Wizara ya Sheria ya Norway mwaka 1894. Baada ya kipindi cha kufanya kazi kama jaji katika Jimbo Huru la Kongo kuanzia 1897 hadi 1899, alirejea katika Wizara ya Sheria ambako alifanya kazi hadi 1903. Kisha aliteuliwa kuwa msuluhishi wa migogoro katika Misri ya Uingereza]].<ref name=hvem/> Kuanzia 1913 alihudumu kwa miaka mitano kama mshauri wa Mahakama Kuu ya Norway. Baada ya kutamani kupandishwa cheo, aliteuliwa kuwa hakimu wa wilaya katika Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Sør-Gudbrandsdal. Mwaka 1922 alichaguliwa na serikali kushiriki katika mahakama mpya ya kimataifa nchini Misri.<ref name=bio>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Budde|first=F.|year=1968|title=HEGGEN (Halvard Nikolai)|encyclopedia=Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer|publisher=[[Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer]]|pages=471–472|url=[http://www.kaowarsom.be/en/notices_heggen_halvard_nikolai|accessdate=21](http://www.kaowarsom.be/en/notices_heggen_halvard_nikolai|accessdate=21) January 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1867|1926}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] saasb368rngx7ps57yfyfn2f86bw3i8 0 238674 1550300 2026-05-25T12:30:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John "Warwick" Smith''' ([[Julai 26]], [[1749]] – [[Machi 22]], [[1831]]) alikuwa mchoraji wa mandhari kwa rangi za maji na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]].<ref name="answers">[http://www.answers.com/topic/john-warwick-smith-art Biography] (Answers.com).</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1749]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1831]]' 1550300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John "Warwick" Smith''' ([[Julai 26]], [[1749]] – [[Machi 22]], [[1831]]) alikuwa mchoraji wa mandhari kwa rangi za maji na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]].<ref name="answers">[http://www.answers.com/topic/john-warwick-smith-art Biography] (Answers.com).</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1749]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1831]] 0ditzudlhauclmvrpqelp5tlwm5u8h9 0 238675 1550304 2026-05-25T12:32:56Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Heidi Heggenes''' (amezaliwa 1965) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Kudumu wa Serikali (permanent under-secretary of state, {{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Sheria na Usalama wa Umma ya Norway. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Alizaliwa mwaka 1965, Heggenes alisoma sheria (jurisprudence) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Alifanya kazi kwa miaka saba kama naibu katibu mkuu (ekspedisjonssjef) katika...' 1550304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heidi Heggenes''' (amezaliwa 1965) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Kudumu wa Serikali (permanent under-secretary of state, {{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Sheria na Usalama wa Umma ya Norway. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Alizaliwa mwaka 1965, Heggenes alisoma sheria (jurisprudence) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Alifanya kazi kwa miaka saba kama naibu katibu mkuu (ekspedisjonssjef) katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Norway. Mwezi Juni 2018 aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Kudumu wa Serikali katika Wizara ya Sheria na Usalama wa Umma ya Norway, akimrithi Tor Saglie.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heggenes ny departementsråd i Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet |url=[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumentarkarkiv/regjeringen-solberg/aktuelt-regjeringen-solberg/jd/pressemeldinger/2018/heggenes-ny-departementsrad-i-justis--og-beredskapsdepartementet/id2603221/](https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumentarkarkiv/regjeringen-solberg/aktuelt-regjeringen-solberg/jd/pressemeldinger/2018/heggenes-ny-departementsrad-i-justis--og-beredskapsdepartementet/id2603221/) |website=regjeringen.no |date=1 Juni 2018 |language=no |access-date=17 Februari 2024 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cofnqnikke7du2e5rkc950o0x0e54wz 0 238676 1550307 2026-05-25T12:36:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacob Vilhelm Rode Heiberg''' (19 Februari 1860 – 19 Februari 1946) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na meya wa jiji aliyezaliwa Denmark lakini akafanya kazi nchini [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Wasifu == Heiberg alizaliwa Vallø, [[Udeni|Denmark]],<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Heiberg, Jacob Vilhelm Rode|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|publisher=Aschehoug|location=Oslo|editor=Bull, Edvard |editor-link=Edvard Bull Sr. |editor2=Einar Jansen|J...' 1550307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Vilhelm Rode Heiberg''' (19 Februari 1860 – 19 Februari 1946) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na meya wa jiji aliyezaliwa Denmark lakini akafanya kazi nchini [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Wasifu == Heiberg alizaliwa Vallø, [[Udeni|Denmark]],<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Heiberg, Jacob Vilhelm Rode|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|publisher=Aschehoug|location=Oslo|editor=Bull, Edvard |editor-link=Edvard Bull Sr. |editor2=[[Einar Jansen|Jansen, Einar]]|edition=1|first=Anton|last=Ræder|authorlink=Anton Ræder|year=1931|volume=5|pages=586–587|language=Norwegian}}</ref> akiwa mtoto wa jaji Edvard Omsen Heiberg (1829–1884).<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Heiberg|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|first=Terje|last=Bratberg|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Heiberg|language=Norwegian|accessdate=20](http://www.snl.no/Heiberg|language=Norwegian|accessdate=20) April 2009}}</ref> Alikuwa ndugu wa Gunnar na Inge Heiberg,<ref name="nbl" /> na pia binamu wa Eivind pamoja na Gustav Adolf Lammers Heiberg. Aidha alikuwa binamu wa kizazi cha mbali wa Bernt Heiberg, Axel na Edvard Heiberg.<ref name="snl" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1860|1946}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] nm1kjagvoglyaew1z1edr91ltlpvzwh 0 238677 1550312 2026-05-25T12:40:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rolv Hellesylt''' (26 Septemba 1927 – 19 Januari 2024)<ref>[[https://www.aftenposten.no/nekrolog/i/wA1Ql1/rolv-hellesylt-var-viktig-i-hoeyesteretts-indre-liv](https://www.aftenposten.no/nekrolog/i/wA1Ql1/rolv-hellesylt-var-viktig-i-hoeyesteretts-indre-liv) Rolv Hellesylt var viktig i Høyesteretts indre liv] {{in lang|no}}</ref> alikuwa jaji wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sunnylven Municipality, na alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka...' 1550312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolv Hellesylt''' (26 Septemba 1927 – 19 Januari 2024)<ref>[[https://www.aftenposten.no/nekrolog/i/wA1Ql1/rolv-hellesylt-var-viktig-i-hoeyesteretts-indre-liv](https://www.aftenposten.no/nekrolog/i/wA1Ql1/rolv-hellesylt-var-viktig-i-hoeyesteretts-indre-liv) Rolv Hellesylt var viktig i Høyesteretts indre liv] {{in lang|no}}</ref> alikuwa jaji wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sunnylven Municipality, na alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1956. Baada ya hapo alitumia mwaka mmoja katika Chuo Kikuu cha New York.<ref name=asbl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2006|title=Hellesylt, Rolv|encyclopedia=Asker og Bærum leksikon|publisher=Forlaget for by- og bygdehistorie|location=Drammen|first=Per Otto|last=Borgen|page=218|language=Norwegian|isbn=82-91649-10-3}}</ref> Aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Sheria na Polisi ya Norway mwaka 1959, na alipandishwa cheo kuwa katibu msaidizi mwaka 1969. Baadaye alikuwa mwanasheria wa jiji la Oslo kuanzia 1976 hadi 1979, kabla ya kuhudumu kama jaji wa Mahakama Kuu ya Norway kuanzia 1979 hadi 1997.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Rolv Hellesylt|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|editor=Henriksen, Petter|url=[http://www.snl.no/Rolv_Hellesylt|language=Norwegian|accessdate=11](http://www.snl.no/Rolv_Hellesylt|language=Norwegian|accessdate=11) Mei 2009}}</ref> Aliishi Høvik.<ref name=asbl/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2024}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] m379yzi2rlhi5b932iuza0basg24p0q 0 238678 1550313 2026-05-25T12:42:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tor Christian Hildan''' (amezaliwa 10 Juni 1949) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Fredrikstad, na alisomea Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1976. Pia alifanya kazi katika Chama cha Wamiliki wa Meli cha Norway kuanzia 1980 hadi 1983 na tena kuanzia 1990 hadi 1993. Alikuwa mshauri katika ujumbe wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini [[Geneva]] kuanzia 1...' 1550313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tor Christian Hildan''' (amezaliwa 10 Juni 1949) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Fredrikstad, na alisomea Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1976. Pia alifanya kazi katika Chama cha Wamiliki wa Meli cha Norway kuanzia 1980 hadi 1983 na tena kuanzia 1990 hadi 1993. Alikuwa mshauri katika ujumbe wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini [[Geneva]] kuanzia 1995 hadi 1999, na baadaye naibu katibu mkuu katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1999 hadi 2003. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway katika [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] kuanzia 2003 hadi 2007, na baadaye nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] kuanzia mwaka 2007.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Tor Christian Hildan|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Tor_Christian_Hildan|language=Norwegian|accessdate=4](http://www.snl.no/Tor_Christian_Hildan|language=Norwegian|accessdate=4) January 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1949|}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] amat5ouxp6vmqv9blwrgtatcww4z4am 0 238679 1550318 2026-05-25T12:46:55Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alf Ivar Hildrum''' (amezaliwa 18 Aprili 1948) ni mtendaji wa vyombo vya habari na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Labour cha Norway. Alizaliwa katika Overhalla Municipality. Ana elimu ya Shahada ya Uchumi na Utawala wa Biashara(uchumi wa biashara). Alifanya kazi kama katibu wa habari katika Wizara ya Biashara na Usafirishaji ya Norway kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1978.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Alf Hildrum|encyclop...' 1550318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alf Ivar Hildrum''' (amezaliwa 18 Aprili 1948) ni mtendaji wa vyombo vya habari na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Labour cha Norway. Alizaliwa katika Overhalla Municipality. Ana elimu ya Shahada ya Uchumi na Utawala wa Biashara(uchumi wa biashara). Alifanya kazi kama katibu wa habari katika Wizara ya Biashara na Usafirishaji ya Norway kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1978.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Alf Hildrum|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Alf_Hildrum|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1](http://www.snl.no/Alf_Hildrum|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1) Mei 2010}}</ref> Baadaye alipandishwa cheo kuwa katibu binafsi (nafasi inayojulikana leo kama mshauri wa kisiasa) katika wizara hiyo hiyo, akimrithi Tove Strand Gerhardsen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Shipping. Private Secretary 1967 - 1987 |url=[http://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/private-secretariesprivate-advisorspolit/ministry-of-trade-and-shipping.html?id=426581](http://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/private-secretariesprivate-advisorspolit/ministry-of-trade-and-shipping.html?id=426581) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121011055129/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/private-secretariesprivate-advisorspolit/ministry-of-trade-and-shipping.html?id=426581](https://web.archive.org/web/20121011055129/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/private-secretariesprivate-advisorspolit/ministry-of-trade-and-shipping.html?id=426581) |archive-date=2012-10-11 |accessdate=1 Mei 2010 |publisher=[[Government.no]]}}</ref> Alikuwa mwandishi wa habari katika Arbeidernes Pressekontor kuanzia 1979 hadi 1981, mhariri mkuu wa ''Bergens Arbeiderblad'' kuanzia 1981 hadi 1984, mhariri msaidizi katika Arbeidernes Pressekontor kuanzia 1984 hadi 1988, mkurugenzi mkuu wa A-pressen kuanzia 1988 hadi 2007, na baadaye mkurugenzi mkuu wa TV 2.<ref name="snl" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ao45olcvk1z6vq0hktyhtbsqszppa9d 0 238680 1550320 2026-05-25T12:50:44Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eva Hildrum''' (amezaliwa 18 Aprili 1948) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei]]. Alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii mwaka 1986. Alifanya kazi katika Statskonsult kuanzia 1986 hadi 1990 kabla ya kuajiriwa katika Wizara ya Utawala na Kazi ya Norway. Humo alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa idara mwaka 1991, na kuanzia 1995 hadi 1997 alikuwa naibu katibu mkuu katika Wizara ya Watoto na Familia ya Norway. Mwaka 1997 aliteuliwa kuwa naibu k...' 1550320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Hildrum''' (amezaliwa 18 Aprili 1948) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei]]. Alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii mwaka 1986. Alifanya kazi katika Statskonsult kuanzia 1986 hadi 1990 kabla ya kuajiriwa katika Wizara ya Utawala na Kazi ya Norway. Humo alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa idara mwaka 1991, na kuanzia 1995 hadi 1997 alikuwa naibu katibu mkuu katika Wizara ya Watoto na Familia ya Norway. Mwaka 1997 aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu mkuu katika Wizara ya Uchukuzi na Mawasiliano ya Norway. Mwezi Desemba 2005 alipandishwa cheo kuwa katibu mkuu wa kudumu ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}), ambayo ni nafasi ya juu kabisa ya utumishi wa umma ndani ya wizara hiyo,<ref>{{cite press release|title=Samferdselsdepartementet: Eva Hildrum ny departementsråd|publisher=[[Government.no]]|language=Norwegian|date=21 December 2005}}</ref> na alianza rasmi nafasi hiyo mwaka 2006.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Eva Hildrum|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Eva_Hildrum|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1](http://www.snl.no/Eva_Hildrum|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1) May 2010}}</ref> Alistaafu mwaka 2015. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1948|}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 4xg8jek15chi3sgtlk7osj0cv9c85aq 0 238681 1550325 2026-05-25T12:57:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jens Holmboe''' (5 Novemba 1752 – 4 Desemba 1804) alikuwa (mdhamini wa serikali/bailiff) wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika makazi ya walowezi katika bonde la Målselvdalen katika kaunti ya Troms. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa Lesja akiwa mwana wa Hans Jenssen Holmboe (1721–1756) na Birgitte Marie Reinholtsdatter Ziegler (1723–1778).<ref name=genea>[[http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA](http://v...' 1550325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Holmboe''' (5 Novemba 1752 – 4 Desemba 1804) alikuwa (mdhamini wa serikali/bailiff) wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika makazi ya walowezi katika bonde la Målselvdalen katika kaunti ya Troms. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa Lesja akiwa mwana wa Hans Jenssen Holmboe (1721–1756) na Birgitte Marie Reinholtsdatter Ziegler (1723–1778).<ref name=genea>[[http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA](http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA) Jens Holmboe genealogy] (vestraat.net)</ref> Mwaka 1783 alimuoa Anna Margrethe Irgens, ambaye alitoka Tromsø. Wawili hao walikuwa na watoto kumi na wawili.<ref name=genea /> Wana wao Even, Hans na Leonhard Christian walijihusisha na siasa. Mwana wao Michael Wide Holmboe alikuwa baba wa mwanasiasa Jens Holmboe na mfanyabiashara Hans Conrad Holmboe, babu wa mchoraji Thorolf Holmboe na babu mkubwa wa Ragnhild Rød pamoja na Charles Robertson (Norwegian politician). == Kazi == Holmboe alifanya kazi kama Afisa wa mahakama katika maeneo ya Senja na Tromsøe kati ya mwaka 1781 na 1800. Aliacha alama ya kudumu katika eneo hilo kwa sababu baada ya mafuriko ya Storofsen, alipanga makazi ya walowezi katika bonde lisilokuwa na wakazi la Målselvdalen, katika eneo ambalo baadaye lilikuja kuwa Målselv Municipality na Bardu Municipality. Wakulima kutoka mabonde ya Gudbrandsdalen na Østerdalen walihamia kaskazini hasa kati ya mwaka 1791 na 1800, na Jens Holmboe alisaidia takribani familia arobaini kwa vifaa na ufadhili.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=Holmboe, Jens |encyclopedia=Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location= |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=593325](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=593325) }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kijiografia, Målselvdalen ilikuwa na bado inafanana na Østerdalen.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=Målselvdalen |encyclopedia=Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location= |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=688288](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=688288) }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alifariki tarehe 4 Desemba 1804 akiwa na umri wa miaka 52 huko Ervik katika Trondenes.<ref name=genea/> Jiwe la kumbukumbu lililowekwa kwa heshima yake lilijengwa hapo mwaka 1964.<ref name=snl/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1752|1804}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 37p8y5nx15rjtj5fnszxgnztj0lpzer 1550705 1550325 2026-05-26T08:11:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jens Holmboe (Afisa wa mahakama)]] hadi [[Jens Holmboe (afisa mahakama)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Holmboe''' (5 Novemba 1752 – 4 Desemba 1804) alikuwa (mdhamini wa serikali/bailiff) wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika makazi ya walowezi katika bonde la Målselvdalen katika kaunti ya Troms. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa Lesja akiwa mwana wa Hans Jenssen Holmboe (1721–1756) na Birgitte Marie Reinholtsdatter Ziegler (1723–1778).<ref name=genea>[[http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA](http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA) Jens Holmboe genealogy] (vestraat.net)</ref> Mwaka 1783 alimuoa Anna Margrethe Irgens, ambaye alitoka Tromsø. Wawili hao walikuwa na watoto kumi na wawili.<ref name=genea /> Wana wao Even, Hans na Leonhard Christian walijihusisha na siasa. Mwana wao Michael Wide Holmboe alikuwa baba wa mwanasiasa Jens Holmboe na mfanyabiashara Hans Conrad Holmboe, babu wa mchoraji Thorolf Holmboe na babu mkubwa wa Ragnhild Rød pamoja na Charles Robertson (Norwegian politician). == Kazi == Holmboe alifanya kazi kama Afisa wa mahakama katika maeneo ya Senja na Tromsøe kati ya mwaka 1781 na 1800. Aliacha alama ya kudumu katika eneo hilo kwa sababu baada ya mafuriko ya Storofsen, alipanga makazi ya walowezi katika bonde lisilokuwa na wakazi la Målselvdalen, katika eneo ambalo baadaye lilikuja kuwa Målselv Municipality na Bardu Municipality. Wakulima kutoka mabonde ya Gudbrandsdalen na Østerdalen walihamia kaskazini hasa kati ya mwaka 1791 na 1800, na Jens Holmboe alisaidia takribani familia arobaini kwa vifaa na ufadhili.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=Holmboe, Jens |encyclopedia=Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location= |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=593325](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=593325) }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kijiografia, Målselvdalen ilikuwa na bado inafanana na Østerdalen.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=Målselvdalen |encyclopedia=Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location= |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=688288](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=688288) }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alifariki tarehe 4 Desemba 1804 akiwa na umri wa miaka 52 huko Ervik katika Trondenes.<ref name=genea/> Jiwe la kumbukumbu lililowekwa kwa heshima yake lilijengwa hapo mwaka 1964.<ref name=snl/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1752|1804}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 37p8y5nx15rjtj5fnszxgnztj0lpzer 1550710 1550705 2026-05-26T08:12:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Holmboe''' (5 Novemba 1752 – 4 Desemba 1804) alikuwa mdhamini wa serikali (bailiff) wa [[Norwei]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika makazi ya walowezi katika bonde la Målselvdalen katika kaunti ya Troms. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa Lesja akiwa mwana wa Hans Jenssen Holmboe (1721–1756) na Birgitte Marie Reinholtsdatter Ziegler (1723–1778).<ref name=genea>[[http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA](http://vestraat.net/TNG/getperson.php?personID=I12374&tree=IEA) Jens Holmboe genealogy] (vestraat.net)</ref> Mwaka 1783 alimuoa Anna Margrethe Irgens, ambaye alitoka Tromsø. Wawili hao walikuwa na watoto kumi na wawili.<ref name=genea /> Wana wao Even, Hans na Leonhard Christian walijihusisha na siasa. Mwana wao Michael Wide Holmboe alikuwa baba wa mwanasiasa Jens Holmboe na mfanyabiashara Hans Conrad Holmboe, babu wa mchoraji Thorolf Holmboe na babu mkubwa wa Ragnhild Rød pamoja na Charles Robertson (mwanasiasa). == Kazi == Holmboe alifanya kazi kama Afisa wa mahakama katika maeneo ya Senja na Tromsøe kati ya mwaka 1781 na 1800. Aliacha alama ya kudumu katika eneo hilo kwa sababu baada ya mafuriko ya Storofsen, alipanga makazi ya walowezi katika bonde lisilokuwa na wakazi la Målselvdalen, katika eneo ambalo baadaye lilikuja kuwa Målselv Municipality na Bardu Municipality. Wakulima kutoka mabonde ya Gudbrandsdalen na Østerdalen walihamia kaskazini hasa kati ya mwaka 1791 na 1800, na Jens Holmboe alisaidia takribani familia arobaini kwa vifaa na ufadhili. Kijiografia, Målselvdalen ilikuwa na bado inafanana na Østerdalen. Alifariki tarehe 4 Desemba 1804 akiwa na umri wa miaka 52 huko Ervik katika Trondenes.<ref name=genea/> Jiwe la kumbukumbu lililowekwa kwa heshima yake lilijengwa hapo mwaka 1964.<ref name=snl/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1752|1804}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] alzj7n4ta0mtk0h7xm1gmn628ddrarz 0 238682 1550327 2026-05-25T13:01:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gard Holtskog''' (amezaliwa 1905, alifariki 1987) alikuwa mwanasheria kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]] na mtumishi wa umma aliyewahi kuhudumu katika utawala wa serikali ya Nazi wakati wa Uvamizi wa Norway na Ujerumani ya Nazi. Aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi katika Shirika la Utangazaji la Norway na katika Nationaltheatret. Baadaye alipewa nafasi ya Mkuu wa Polisi wa Finnmark, na alihusika katika mchakato wa uhamishaji wa raia wakati wa Operesheni ya “Mwanga...' 1550327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gard Holtskog''' (amezaliwa 1905, alifariki 1987) alikuwa mwanasheria kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]] na mtumishi wa umma aliyewahi kuhudumu katika utawala wa serikali ya Nazi wakati wa Uvamizi wa Norway na Ujerumani ya Nazi. Aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi katika Shirika la Utangazaji la Norway na katika Nationaltheatret. Baadaye alipewa nafasi ya Mkuu wa Polisi wa Finnmark, na alihusika katika mchakato wa uhamishaji wa raia wakati wa Operesheni ya “Mwanga wa Kaskazini” (1944–1945). Alielezewa kuwa na tabia zisizotabirika. Akiwa Finnmark, alishiriki binafsi katika mateso na mauaji. Wakati wa Usafishaji wa kisheria nchini Norway baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, alihukumiwa kifungo cha maisha jela kwa kazi ngumu, lakini aliachiliwa huru mnamo Novemba 1957.<ref name=kl>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringdal |first=Nils Johan |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–1945]] |title=Holtskog, Gard |language=Norwegian |editor=[[Hans Fredrik Dahl|Dahl]] |editor2=[[Guri Hjeltnes|Hjeltnes]] |editor3=[[Berit Nøkleby|Nøkleby]] |editor4=[[Nils Johan Ringdal|Ringdal]] |editor5=[[Øystein Sørensen|Sørensen]] |url=[http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard](http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard) |accessdate=25 March 2013 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn=82-02-14138-9 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065105/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard](https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065105/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard) |archivedate=7 June 2013 }}</ref> Holtskog alifariki mwaka 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Amagerveien](https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Amagerveien) |title=Amagervien |website=Oslo byleksikon |access-date=26 November 2025 |language=no}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1905|1987}} [[JamiiWatu wa Norwei]] c2cb7btcuvnfc0pqy16qjalhu8ctccd 1550340 1550327 2026-05-25T13:22:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gard Holtskog''' (amezaliwa 1905, alifariki 1987) alikuwa mwanasheria kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]] na mtumishi wa umma aliyewahi kuhudumu katika utawala wa serikali ya Nazi wakati wa Uvamizi wa Norway na Ujerumani ya Nazi. Aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi katika Shirika la Utangazaji la Norway na katika Nationaltheatret. Baadaye alipewa nafasi ya Mkuu wa Polisi wa Finnmark, na alihusika katika mchakato wa uhamishaji wa raia wakati wa Operesheni ya “Mwanga wa Kaskazini” (1944–1945). Alielezewa kuwa na tabia zisizotabirika. Akiwa Finnmark, alishiriki binafsi katika mateso na mauaji. Wakati wa Usafishaji wa kisheria nchini Norway baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, alihukumiwa kifungo cha maisha jela kwa kazi ngumu, lakini aliachiliwa huru mnamo Novemba 1957.<ref name=kl>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringdal |first=Nils Johan |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–1945]] |title=Holtskog, Gard |language=Norwegian |editor=[[Hans Fredrik Dahl|Dahl]] |editor2=[[Guri Hjeltnes|Hjeltnes]] |editor3=[[Berit Nøkleby|Nøkleby]] |editor4=[[Nils Johan Ringdal|Ringdal]] |editor5=[[Øystein Sørensen|Sørensen]] |url=[http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard](http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard) |accessdate=25 March 2013 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn=82-02-14138-9 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065105/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard](https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065105/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/h/h6.html#holtskog-gard) |archivedate=7 June 2013 }}</ref> Holtskog alifariki mwaka 1987.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=[https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Amagerveien](https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Amagerveien) |title=Amagervien |website=Oslo byleksikon |access-date=26 November 2025 |language=no}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1905|1987}} [[JamiiWatu wa Norwei]] 9zpjjvlbp26zpkph9uqwmf256v4d78f 0 238683 1550329 2026-05-25T13:04:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hassa Horn Sr.''' (16 Machi 1837 – 11 Desemba 1921) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei]]. Alizaliwa katika Frederiksvern akiwa mtoto wa mkaguzi wa forodha Hans Jokum Horn na Anna Grønbech Aas. Mwaka 1869 alimuoa Alette Gram (1844–1933).<ref name=hvem12>[[https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0128.html](https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0128.html) ''Hvem er hvem'' 1912]</ref> Wao walipata mtoto wao Hassa Horn Jr., ambaye alikuja kuwa mfanyabias...' 1550329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassa Horn Sr.''' (16 Machi 1837 – 11 Desemba 1921) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei]]. Alizaliwa katika Frederiksvern akiwa mtoto wa mkaguzi wa forodha Hans Jokum Horn na Anna Grønbech Aas. Mwaka 1869 alimuoa Alette Gram (1844–1933).<ref name=hvem12>[[https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0128.html](https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1912/0128.html) ''Hvem er hvem'' 1912]</ref> Wao walipata mtoto wao Hassa Horn Jr., ambaye alikuja kuwa mfanyabiashara mashuhuri wa viwanda na alioa mara mbili; mara ya kwanza binti wa Peter Birch-Reichenwald na baadaye binti wa Johan Steen.<ref name=nbl2>{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Hans Thomas Horn|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Pål Thonstad|last=Sandvik|editor=Helle, Knut|editor-link=Knut Helle|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[https://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hans_Thomas_Horn/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=9](https://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hans_Thomas_Horn/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=9) Julai 2012}}</ref> Binti yao Dorothea alikuwa mama wa kiongozi wa kitaifa wa harakati ya wanawake wa nyumbani Alette Nicolaysen.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Alette Engelhart|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Espen|last=Haavardsholm|authorlink=Espen Haavardsholm|editor=Helle, Knut|editor-link=Knut Helle|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[https://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Alette_Engelhart/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=24](https://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Alette_Engelhart/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=24) Februari 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1837|1921}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 4m1cwm2hkm0tw5cc2dnpvywkv65uh68 0 238684 1550330 2026-05-25T13:08:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Odd Reidar Humlegård''' (amezaliwa 9 Mei 1961, mjini [[Porsgrunn]]) ni mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Aliwahi kuwa Kamishna Mkuu wa Polisi wa Taifa kati ya 2012 hadi 2018. Kabla ya uteuzi huo, alihudumu kama mkuu wa Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Upelelezi wa Makosa ya Jinai ya Norway (National Criminal Investigation Service), na aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kurugenzi ya Polisi ya Taifa ya Norway mwezi Agosti 2012 kufuatia kujiuzulu kwa...' 1550330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odd Reidar Humlegård''' (amezaliwa 9 Mei 1961, mjini [[Porsgrunn]]) ni mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Aliwahi kuwa Kamishna Mkuu wa Polisi wa Taifa kati ya 2012 hadi 2018. Kabla ya uteuzi huo, alihudumu kama mkuu wa Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Upelelezi wa Makosa ya Jinai ya Norway (National Criminal Investigation Service), na aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kurugenzi ya Polisi ya Taifa ya Norway mwezi Agosti 2012 kufuatia kujiuzulu kwa utata kwa Øystein Mæland.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aanes|first=Guttorm|title=Humlegård beordres til stilling som politidirektør|url=[http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/pressesenter/pressemeldinger/2012/humlegard-beordres-til-stilling-som-poli.html?id=697661|work=Pressemeldinger|publisher=Justis-](http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/pressesenter/pressemeldinger/2012/humlegard-beordres-til-stilling-som-poli.html?id=697661|work=Pressemeldinger|publisher=Justis-) og beredskapsdepartementet|accessdate=2012-08-17|language=Norwegian|date=Agosti 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 30pxoodp38ihddrfbman9zq0h8znqwa 0 238685 1550335 2026-05-25T13:13:50Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thor Iversen''' (1873–1953) alikuwa mshauri wa Norway katika Bodi ya Uvuvi. Kuanzia mwaka 1923 alisimamia ukaguzi wa uwindaji na uvuvi katika [[Bahari ya Aktiki]]. Miongoni mwa vitabu alichoandika ni ''Drivis og selfangst'' (1927) na ''Ishavsøya Hopen'' (1941).<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ivar Thor Carl Iversen |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit God...' 1550335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thor Iversen''' (1873–1953) alikuwa mshauri wa Norway katika Bodi ya Uvuvi. Kuanzia mwaka 1923 alisimamia ukaguzi wa uwindaji na uvuvi katika [[Bahari ya Aktiki]]. Miongoni mwa vitabu alichoandika ni ''Drivis og selfangst'' (1927) na ''Ishavsøya Hopen'' (1941).<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ivar Thor Carl Iversen |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=[http://snl.no/Ivar_Thor_Carl_Iversen](http://snl.no/Ivar_Thor_Carl_Iversen) |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2 Julai 2013}}</ref> Mlima mrefu zaidi katika kisiwa cha [[Hopen, Svalbard|Hopen]] unaitwa [[Iversenfjellet]], na ncha ya kusini ya kisiwa hicho inaitwa [[Kapp Thor]], vyote vimepewa majina kwa heshima yake.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://placenames.npolar.no/stadnamn/Iversenfjellet](http://placenames.npolar.no/stadnamn/Iversenfjellet) |title=Iversenfjellet (Svalbard) |publisher=[[Norwegian Polar Institute]] |accessdate=2 Julai 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[http://placenames.npolar.no/stadnamn/Kapp_Thor](http://placenames.npolar.no/stadnamn/Kapp_Thor) |title=Kapp Thor (Svalbard) |publisher=[[Norwegian Polar Institute]] |accessdate=2 Julai 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1873|1953}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 1ju0ep7pkbfbtachwhbnpgdbedgoo10 0 238686 1550337 2026-05-25T13:17:34Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Odd Olsen Ingerø''' (amezaliwa 22 Septemba 1950) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]] na aliyewahi kuwa Gavana wa Svalbard. Alizaliwa katika Manispaa ya Skjeberg.<ref name=aft>{{cite news|url=[http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article943431.ece|title=Olsen](http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article943431.ece|title=Olsen) ny Kripos-sjef|last=Jonassen|first=Arild M.|date=7 Januari 2005|work=Aftenposten|language=Norwegian|accessdate=18 No...' 1550337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odd Olsen Ingerø''' (amezaliwa 22 Septemba 1950) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]] na aliyewahi kuwa Gavana wa Svalbard. Alizaliwa katika Manispaa ya Skjeberg.<ref name=aft>{{cite news|url=[http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article943431.ece|title=Olsen](http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article943431.ece|title=Olsen) ny Kripos-sjef|last=Jonassen|first=Arild M.|date=7 Januari 2005|work=Aftenposten|language=Norwegian|accessdate=18 Novemba 2008}}</ref> Mwaka 2005, aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Upelelezi wa Jinai.<ref name=aft/> Alihudumu kama Gavana wa Svalbard kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2005. Alitanguliwa na Morten Ruud na kufuatiwa na Sven Ole Fagernæ].<ref name=sjgov>[[http://www.sysselmannen.svalbard.no/eng/](http://www.sysselmannen.svalbard.no/eng/) Orodha ya Magavana wa awali] {{webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071103074158/http://www.sysselmannen.svalbard.no/eng/](https://web.archive.org/web/20071103074158/http://www.sysselmannen.svalbard.no/eng/) |date=2007-11-03 }}, tovuti ya Serikali ya Svalbard, ilipatikana 24 Oktoba 2007</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ecu4d5nz7far612eaffz5midccx7mai 0 238687 1550338 2026-05-25T13:20:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edward Rolland McLachlan''' ([[Aprili 22]], [[1940]] – [[Septemba 29]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] katuni na picha wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name=guardian>[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/04/ed-mclachlan-obituary Alexander Beetles, "Ed McLachlan obituary", ''The Guardian'', 4 October 2024]. Retrieved 10 October 2024</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] Jamii:W...' 1550338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Rolland McLachlan''' ([[Aprili 22]], [[1940]] – [[Septemba 29]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] katuni na picha wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name=guardian>[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/04/ed-mclachlan-obituary Alexander Beetles, "Ed McLachlan obituary", ''The Guardian'', 4 October 2024]. Retrieved 10 October 2024</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] dvquqlnf5aq2d6t596d30noa905j237 0 238688 1550339 2026-05-25T13:20:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Strange Jørgenssøn''' (7 Aprili 1539 – 5 Februari 1610) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Udeni|Denmark]]/[[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa Faaborg akiwa mtoto wa Jørgen van der Huus na Margrethe Bullgers. Alihudumu kama msimamizi (bailiff) wa Lyse Abbey, Munkeliv Abbey, Giske, na [[Nordland]]. Mwaka 1609 alianzisha taasisi ya kuwasaidia wanawake maskini mjini Bergen. Alifariki mjini Bergen mwaka 1610.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Stran...' 1550339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Strange Jørgenssøn''' (7 Aprili 1539 – 5 Februari 1610) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Udeni|Denmark]]/[[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa Faaborg akiwa mtoto wa Jørgen van der Huus na Margrethe Bullgers. Alihudumu kama msimamizi (bailiff) wa Lyse Abbey, Munkeliv Abbey, Giske, na [[Nordland]]. Mwaka 1609 alianzisha taasisi ya kuwasaidia wanawake maskini mjini Bergen. Alifariki mjini Bergen mwaka 1610.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Strange Jørgenssøn |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/Strange_Jørgenssøn](http://www.snl.no/Strange_Jørgenssøn) |language=Norwegian|accessdate=13 Juni 2012}}</ref><ref name=nbl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Strange Jørgenssøn |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Anders Bjarne |last=Fossen |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Strange_Jørgenssøn/utdypning](http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Strange_Jørgenssøn/utdypning) |language=Norwegian |accessdate=13 Juni 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1539|1610}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Denmark]] 1j3qyuimxpl5ar93p6wg03kfral48av 0 238689 1550343 2026-05-25T13:25:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Viggo Johannessen''' (6 Februari 1936 – 21 Juni 2012) alikuwa mkurugenzi na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Nøtterøy mwaka 1936.<ref name=ntb>{{cite news|title=Viggo Johannessen 60 år 6. februar|trans-title=Viggo Johannessen miaka 60 tarehe 6 Februari|agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]]|date=17 Januari 1996|language=Norwegian}}</ref> Mwaka 1963 alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo akiwa na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi. Ku...' 1550343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viggo Johannessen''' (6 Februari 1936 – 21 Juni 2012) alikuwa mkurugenzi na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Nøtterøy mwaka 1936.<ref name=ntb>{{cite news|title=Viggo Johannessen 60 år 6. februar|trans-title=Viggo Johannessen miaka 60 tarehe 6 Februari|agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]]|date=17 Januari 1996|language=Norwegian}}</ref> Mwaka 1963 alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo akiwa na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi. Kuanzia mwaka 1960 hadi 1972, Johannessen alifanya kazi kama mwanasayansi katika Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Usafiri; kwa sehemu iliyobaki ya miaka ya 1970 alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa kampuni ya usafirishaji ya Linjegods. Mwaka 1982, baada ya miaka kumi akiwa Linjegods, aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi mkuu wa mamlaka tatu za usafiri wa ndani za Oslo, ambazo ni Oslo Sporveier, Ekebergbanen na Holmenkolbanen.<ref name=tf>{{cite journal|last=Danielsen|first=A.|title=Den sista borgermester|journal=[[Transportforum]]|year=2006|volume=3|pages=8–11|url=[http://www.transport.no/tf/pdf/TF_3_06_portrett_V_Johannessen.pdf|access-date=26](http://www.transport.no/tf/pdf/TF_3_06_portrett_V_Johannessen.pdf|access-date=26) Januari 2011|trans-title=Meya wa mwisho|publisher=[[Federation of Norwegian Transport Companies]]|location=Oslo|language=Norwegian}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1936|2012}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] tamppplxn91sont2lpa6lhv807bthj3 0 238690 1550344 2026-05-25T13:26:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Denis McLoughlin''' ([[Aprili 15]], [[1918]] – [[Aprili 22]], [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] aliyechora majalada ya magazeti , vitabu pamoja na vitabu vya katuni vya Uingereza.<ref name=TG>{{cite web|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|title=Denis McLoughlin|first=Steve|last=Holland|date=9 May 2002|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/10/guardianobituaries}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii:Wachoraji wa U...' 1550344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denis McLoughlin''' ([[Aprili 15]], [[1918]] – [[Aprili 22]], [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] aliyechora majalada ya magazeti , vitabu pamoja na vitabu vya katuni vya Uingereza.<ref name=TG>{{cite web|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|title=Denis McLoughlin|first=Steve|last=Holland|date=9 May 2002|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/10/guardianobituaries}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] n9xeobbqqtcku8enmjwlawmb421zcff 0 238691 1550345 2026-05-25T13:28:11Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sverre Bergh Johansen''' (16 Oktoba 1939 – 12 Machi 2017) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia na balozi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alikuwa na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria na Sanaa(sawa na PhD) katika elimu yake. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1967. Baadaye alihudumu kama naibu mkurugenzi katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Norway kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994. Kuanzia 1994 hadi 1999 alikuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]...' 1550345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sverre Bergh Johansen''' (16 Oktoba 1939 – 12 Machi 2017) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia na balozi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alikuwa na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria na Sanaa(sawa na PhD) katika elimu yake. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1967. Baadaye alihudumu kama naibu mkurugenzi katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Norway kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994. Kuanzia 1994 hadi 1999 alikuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]], na kuanzia 2001 hadi 2005 alihudumu kama mwakilishi wa Norway katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini [[Geneva]].<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Sverre Bergh Johansen|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[https://www.snl.no/Sverre_Bergh_Johansen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5](https://www.snl.no/Sverre_Bergh_Johansen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5) Machi 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] g09hxr2kj2kvkb6mszmopn6xw3hvmph 0 238692 1550347 2026-05-25T13:30:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Colin McNaughton''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 18]], [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] wa zaidi ya vitabu sabini vya watoto.<ref name=walker>{{Cite web |url=http://www.walker.co.uk/contributors/Colin-McNaughton-1306.aspx |title=Colin McNaughton|accessdate= 13 March 2010|publisher= Walker Books }}</ref> Pia ni [[mshairi]], akizingatia hasa mashairi ya ucheshi ya watoto. Alisomea muundo wa michoro katika Central School of Art and Des...' 1550347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Colin McNaughton''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 18]], [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] wa zaidi ya vitabu sabini vya watoto.<ref name=walker>{{Cite web |url=http://www.walker.co.uk/contributors/Colin-McNaughton-1306.aspx |title=Colin McNaughton|accessdate= 13 March 2010|publisher= Walker Books }}</ref> Pia ni [[mshairi]], akizingatia hasa mashairi ya ucheshi ya watoto. Alisomea muundo wa michoro katika Central School of Art and Design huko [[London]] akifuatiwa na MA katika uchoraji picha katika Royal College of Art. Anaishi London. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g9mvwm6ylsn94zo6rrkl9kwgh41lr5e 0 238693 1550348 2026-05-25T13:30:50Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ivar Jørgensen''' (31 Mei 1877 – 24 Februari 1956) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Wafanyakazi (Chama cha Wafanyakazi). Alizaliwa Langstrand katika Sørøysund, akiwa mtoto wa mwalimu Johannes Jørgensen (1850–1892) na Beret Martha Buvik (1855–1935). Alienda baharini akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tano, kisha akapata elimu ya chini huko Kristiania. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ujenzi na vi...' 1550348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivar Jørgensen''' (31 Mei 1877 – 24 Februari 1956) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Wafanyakazi (Chama cha Wafanyakazi). Alizaliwa Langstrand katika Sørøysund, akiwa mtoto wa mwalimu Johannes Jørgensen (1850–1892) na Beret Martha Buvik (1855–1935). Alienda baharini akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tano, kisha akapata elimu ya chini huko Kristiania. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ujenzi na viwandani katika Kristiania na Furnes hadi mwaka 1902. Mwaka 1902 aliajiriwa katika kiwanda cha maziwa, na mwaka 1909 akawa mmiliki mwenza wa kiwanda cha maziwa kiitwacho Fortuna Meieri. Kuanzia 1916 hadi 1935 alifanya kazi kama mkaguzi na msimamizi wa ofisi katika idara ya upangishaji nyumba ya Oslo. Tangu 1935 alihudumu kama meneja wa hospitali ya ''Krohgstøttens Sykehus''.<ref name=nsd>{{cite web|url=[http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11551|title=Ivar](http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11551|title=Ivar) Jørgensen|publisher=Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD)|language=Norwegian|accessdate=29 Desemba 2010|archive-date=4 Machi 2016|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041412/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11551|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041412/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11551|url-status=dead}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1956}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 8p1r9wxp04g5b97hvzlhofbmiyzk4ta 0 238694 1550350 2026-05-25T13:33:26Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacob Juel''' (1744 – 21 Aprili 1800) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa mbao na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Christiania akiwa mtoto wa mfanyabiashara wa mbao na mtumishi wa umma Hans Juel na Else Sophie Dorothea Rasch. Alikuwa ndugu wa Maren Juel. Mwaka 1774 aliteuliwa kushika cheo cha ''Zahlkasserer''. Pia alikuwa na umiliki wa mashamba makubwa na karakana ya meli (shipyard). Mwaka 1784 alikamatwa kufuatia upungufu wa fedha wa ki...' 1550350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Juel''' (1744 – 21 Aprili 1800) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa mbao na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Christiania akiwa mtoto wa mfanyabiashara wa mbao na mtumishi wa umma Hans Juel na Else Sophie Dorothea Rasch. Alikuwa ndugu wa Maren Juel. Mwaka 1774 aliteuliwa kushika cheo cha ''Zahlkasserer''. Pia alikuwa na umiliki wa mashamba makubwa na karakana ya meli (shipyard). Mwaka 1784 alikamatwa kufuatia upungufu wa fedha wa kiasi cha 556,000 Rdlr, lakini baadaye alifanikiwa kutoroka na akaishi uhamishoni nchini Sweden hadi mwisho wa maisha yake.<ref name=nbl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jacob Juel |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Øystein |last=Rian |editor=Helle, Knut|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Jacob_Juel/utdypning](http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Jacob_Juel/utdypning) |language=Norwegian |accessdate=19 Novemba 2012}}</ref><ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jacob Juel |first=Magnus A. |last=Mardal |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Godal |editor-first=Anne Marit |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=[http://snl.no/Jacob_Juel](http://snl.no/Jacob_Juel) |language=Norwegian|accessdate=19 Novemba 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Ludvig|last=Daae|title=Det gamle Christiania 1624–1814|edition=2|year=1891|language=Norwegian|publisher=Cappelen|location=Christiania|pages=224–230}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1744|1800}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] auwy6p2folzxqkgm8ngubmxn1kcvc29 0 238695 1550351 2026-05-25T13:34:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mortimer Luddington Menpes''' ([[Februari 22]], [[1855]] – [[Aprili 1]], [[1938]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]], [[mwandishi]] na mtengenezaji wa michoro, mzaliwa wa [[Australia]] aliyefanya kazi [[Uingereza]]. <ref>George E. Loyau ''Notable South Australians'' (1885) p.34, mis-spelled "Mempes", a common error.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1855]] Jamii...' 1550351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mortimer Luddington Menpes''' ([[Februari 22]], [[1855]] – [[Aprili 1]], [[1938]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]], [[mwandishi]] na mtengenezaji wa michoro, mzaliwa wa [[Australia]] aliyefanya kazi [[Uingereza]]. <ref>George E. Loyau ''Notable South Australians'' (1885) p.34, mis-spelled "Mempes", a common error.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1855]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1938]] tk74f4d7l3t836i1zrobsyzmkv7ymnz 0 238696 1550352 2026-05-25T13:37:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arne Johansen Juland''' (17 Agosti 1877 – Januari 1957) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]], aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi na baadaye wa Nasjonal Samling. Alizaliwa Juland katikaManispaa ya Lom akiwa mtoto wa wakulima Johan Johansen Juland (1847–1923) na Eldri Hansdotter (1836–1925). Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Ualimu cha Elverum mwaka 1900. Baada ya kuhitimu, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu katika maeneo mbalimb...' 1550352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arne Johansen Juland''' (17 Agosti 1877 – Januari 1957) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]], aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi na baadaye wa Nasjonal Samling. Alizaliwa Juland katikaManispaa ya Lom akiwa mtoto wa wakulima Johan Johansen Juland (1847–1923) na Eldri Hansdotter (1836–1925). Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Ualimu cha Elverum mwaka 1900. Baada ya kuhitimu, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu katika maeneo mbalimbali: Lom kwa miaka miwili, Manispaa ya Vågå kwa miaka miwili, Manispaa ya Elverum kwa mwaka mmoja, Manispaa ya Stange kwa miaka miwili, kisha akarudi Lom kwa mwaka mmoja, na baadaye Stange kuanzia 1908 hadi 1923. Kuanzia 1923 hadi 1936 alihudumu katika Manispaa ya Vang, na pia alikuwa mwalimu wa muda katika Chuo cha Ualimu cha Hamar kuanzia 1923 hadi 1936. Mwishoni, kuanzia 1936 hadi 1 Januari 1944, alikuwa mkurugenzi wa shule katika Dayosisi ya Hamar.<ref name=nsd>{{cite web|url=[http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11541|title=Arne](http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11541|title=Arne) Johansen Juland|publisher=Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD)|language=Norwegian|accessdate=12 Agosti 2011|archive-date=3 Juni 2012|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603214915/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11541|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20120603214915/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=storting&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11541|url-status=dead}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1957}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] hxzn2nwsxvmit5ar88tlgfdr0qmdj0f 0 238697 1550354 2026-05-25T13:41:24Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Knut Herbrand Kallerud''' (amezaliwa 13 Aprili 1956) ni mwanasheria na jaji kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Kongsberg, na alihitimu na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1983, kisha akapata pia shahada ya uzamili katika sheria za haki za binadamu (human rights law) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Essex mwaka 1998.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia |year=|title=Knut Herbrand Kallerud|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=|location= |url=[http...' 1550354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Knut Herbrand Kallerud''' (amezaliwa 13 Aprili 1956) ni mwanasheria na jaji kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Kongsberg, na alihitimu na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1983, kisha akapata pia shahada ya uzamili katika sheria za haki za binadamu (human rights law) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Essex mwaka 1998.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia |year=|title=Knut Herbrand Kallerud|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=|location= |url=[http://snl.no/Knut_Herbrand_Kallerud|language=Norwegian|access-date=1](http://snl.no/Knut_Herbrand_Kallerud|language=Norwegian|access-date=1) Mei 2013}}</ref> Baada ya miaka miwili katika Wizara ya Sheria na Polisi kuanzia 1983 hadi 1985, alihudumu kama naibu jaji katika Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Kragerø kwa mwaka mmoja. Baadaye aliajiriwa katika kampuni ya uwakili Hestenes og Dramer & Co, kwanza kama wakili msaidizi kuanzia 1986 hadi 1989, na kisha kama wakili kuanzia 1989 hadi 1995.<ref name=domstol>{{cite web|url=[http://www.domstol.no/Enkelt-domstol/-Norges-Hoyesterett/Gammelt/Knut-H-Kallerud-hoyesterettsdommer/](http://www.domstol.no/Enkelt-domstol/-Norges-Hoyesterett/Gammelt/Knut-H-Kallerud-hoyesterettsdommer/) |title=Knut H. Kallerud, Jaji wa Mahakama ya Juu |publisher=[[Norwegian National Courts Administration]] |language=Norwegian |access-date=1 Mei 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522004529/http://www.domstol.no/Enkelt-domstol/-Norges-Hoyesterett/Gammelt/Knut-H-Kallerud-hoyesterettsdommer/](https://web.archive.org/web/20130522004529/http://www.domstol.no/Enkelt-domstol/-Norges-Hoyesterett/Gammelt/Knut-H-Kallerud-hoyesterettsdommer/) |archive-date=22 Mei 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mkjd2mdknmlrgsm50arc7lexcg7ghkb 0 238698 1550356 2026-05-25T13:43:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andreas Grimelund Jynge''' (3 Septemba 1870 – 13 Juni 1955) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwandishi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Skien. Aliajiriwa kama katibu katika Wizara ya Kazi ya Norway mwaka 1898, na alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa idara yake mwaka 1912. Kuanzia 1919 hadi 1937 alikuwa mkurugenzi katika Norwegian State Railways. Pia alikuwa mshairi; vitabu vyake muhimu vya mashairi ni ''Viser og vers'' (1896) na ''Egne veie'' (1903). Vil...' 1550356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Grimelund Jynge''' (3 Septemba 1870 – 13 Juni 1955) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwandishi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Skien. Aliajiriwa kama katibu katika Wizara ya Kazi ya Norway mwaka 1898, na alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa idara yake mwaka 1912. Kuanzia 1919 hadi 1937 alikuwa mkurugenzi katika Norwegian State Railways. Pia alikuwa mshairi; vitabu vyake muhimu vya mashairi ni ''Viser og vers'' (1896) na ''Egne veie'' (1903). Vilevile alikuwa mkosoaji wa sanaa na fasihi katika magazeti mbalimbali.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Andreas Grimelund Jynge|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Andreas_Grimelund_Jynge|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5](http://www.snl.no/Andreas_Grimelund_Jynge|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5) Desemba 2010}}</ref> Alikuwa baba wa Gert Jynge,<ref name=snl/> na binti yake Ester Jr. (1902–1993) aliolewa na Kristian Horn.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Kristian Horn|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Kjartan|last=Selnes|editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Kristian_Horn/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5](http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Kristian_Horn/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=5) Desemba 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1870|1955}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] drl6rdipwew7x4pvf7ahh49deeaq7rw 0 238699 1550358 2026-05-25T13:46:56Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Halvard Magne Kausland''' (25 Aprili 1945 – 21 Desemba 2017) alikuwa mpiga gitaa wa jazz kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]] na mtumishi wa umma. == Wasifu == Alitoka kisiwa cha Sotra katika Manispaa ya Sund.<ref name=sund>{{cite news|title=Kunst for fred i den tredje verda|last=Kalgraf|first=Marit|date=23 Juni 2009|page=10|work=VestNytt|language=no}}</ref> Alisoma katika taasisi mbalimbali za elimu, zikiwemo Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo|''Norges kommunal- og sosialhø...' 1550358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Halvard Magne Kausland''' (25 Aprili 1945 – 21 Desemba 2017) alikuwa mpiga gitaa wa jazz kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]] na mtumishi wa umma. == Wasifu == Alitoka kisiwa cha Sotra katika Manispaa ya Sund.<ref name=sund>{{cite news|title=Kunst for fred i den tredje verda|last=Kalgraf|first=Marit|date=23 Juni 2009|page=10|work=VestNytt|language=no}}</ref> Alisoma katika taasisi mbalimbali za elimu, zikiwemo Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo|''Norges kommunal- og sosialhøgskole'', Chuo cha Kikanda cha Agder na Chuo Kikuu cha Bergen. Tarehe 20 Septemba 1996 ilitangazwa kuwa Kausland aliteuliwa kuwa kaimu mkurugenzi wa Baraza la Sanaa la Norway kuanzia 1 Novemba 1996 hadi 31 Machi 2000; hata hivyo, alijiondoa siku tatu kabla ya kuanza rasmi wadhifa huo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Halvard Kausland ny direktør i Kulturrådet|date=20 Septemba 1996|agency=Norwegian News Agency|language=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kausland trekker seg som kulturrådsdirektør|date=29 Oktoba 1996|agency=Norwegian News Agency|language=no}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama afisa mkuu wa utawala ({{lang|no|fylkesrådmann}}) wa Mkoa wa Vestfol. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] li9v775smenfxpve911r1pc0g461ry9 0 238700 1550360 2026-05-25T13:49:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland''' (14 Oktoba 1853 – 3 Februari 1924) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa Norway na afisa wa ngazi ya juu (mandarin) katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Familia == Alizaliwa katika Stavanger akiwa mtoto wa Jacob Kielland na Thora Margrethe (1827–1902), aliyezaliwa Bendz.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00501.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb....' 1550360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland''' (14 Oktoba 1853 – 3 Februari 1924) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa Norway na afisa wa ngazi ya juu (mandarin) katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Familia == Alizaliwa katika Stavanger akiwa mtoto wa Jacob Kielland na Thora Margrethe (1827–1902), aliyezaliwa Bendz.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00501.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00501.htm#0) Nasaba ya Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland]. {{Archive url|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110519083541/https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00501.htm#0|date=2011-05-19}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110519083541/https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00501.htm#0|date=2011-05-19}})</ref> Babu yake alikuwa Jacob Kielland, mjomba wake alikuwa Jens Zetlitz Kielland, na binamu zake walikuwa Kitty Lange Kielland na Alexander Kielland. Axel Christian Zetlitz Kielland alikuwa na kaka wawili wakubwa (mmoja wao alifariki akiwa mdogo) na wadogo watatu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1853|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 8tpg016z19jctbyetmptw2b8crd6hdq 0 238701 1550363 2026-05-25T13:53:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Per Kibsgaard-Petersen''' (amezaliwa 27 Machi 1941) ni benki na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Ålesund na alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uchumi na Biashara kutoka Shule ya Uchumi na Biashara ya Norway mwaka 1966. Alikuwa na kazi katika sekta ya uvuvi na benki katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980, akiwa katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Wamiliki wa Meli za Uvuvi cha Norway kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997 na mkurugenzi wa Fiskernes Bank kuanzia 1978 had...' 1550363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Per Kibsgaard-Petersen''' (amezaliwa 27 Machi 1941) ni benki na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Ålesund na alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uchumi na Biashara kutoka Shule ya Uchumi na Biashara ya Norway mwaka 1966. Alikuwa na kazi katika sekta ya uvuvi na benki katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980, akiwa katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Wamiliki wa Meli za Uvuvi cha Norway kuanzia 1971 hadi 1997 na mkurugenzi wa Fiskernes Bank kuanzia 1978 hadi 1984. Baadaye alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kanda katika Kreditkassen kuanzia 1984 hadi 1989 na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Sunnmørsbanken kuanzia 1989 hadi 1990. Pia aliwahi kuwa consul wa [[Finland]] kuanzia 1976 hadi 1977, na ametunukiwa cheo cha Knight First Class cha Order of the White Rose of Finland.<ref name=ntb>{{cite news|title=Per Kibsgaard-Petersen 60 år 27. mars|agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]]|date=7 Machi 2001|language=Norwegian}}</ref> Alikuwa mkuu wa Shule ya Usimamizi ya Norway katika Møre og Romsdal kuanzia 1993 hadi 1996. Baadaye alikuwa afisa mkuu wa utawala katika Møre og Romsdal County Municipality kuanzia 1996 hadi 1999, kisha mkurugenzi wa Ålesund University College kuanzia 1999 hadi 2003.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jubilanter|date=27 Machi 2011|work=Aftenposten|language=Norwegian}}</ref> Yeye ni baba wa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya Schlumberger Pål Kibsgaard-Petersen. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8crftqqs7z6g0mw7mw8evfgr449wwux 0 238702 1550373 2026-05-25T15:52:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Apollinariya Alexandrovna Yakubova'''{{ref|Alpha|α}} ([[Kirusi]]: Аполлинария Александровна Якубова; alifariki mwaka 1913 au 1917) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi wa [[Umarx|Kimarx]] wa [[Urusi]] na, akishirikiana na [[Vladimir Lenin]], alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Umoja wa Mapambano kwa ajili ya Ukombozi wa Tabaka la Wafanyakazi.<ref name="The Guardian 5 May 2015">{{cite news|last1=Topping|first1=Alexandra|title=Lenin's lover?...' 1550373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Apollinariya Alexandrovna Yakubova'''{{ref|Alpha|α}} ([[Kirusi]]: Аполлинария Александровна Якубова; alifariki mwaka 1913 au 1917) alikuwa mwanamapinduzi wa [[Umarx|Kimarx]] wa [[Urusi]] na, akishirikiana na [[Vladimir Lenin]], alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Umoja wa Mapambano kwa ajili ya Ukombozi wa Tabaka la Wafanyakazi.<ref name="The Guardian 5 May 2015">{{cite news|last1=Topping|first1=Alexandra|title=Lenin's lover? Picture of woman described as his true love uncovered|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/05/lenin-lover-photograph-discovered-russia-communist|access-date=6 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 May 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] qcmwobv7azrzit7f7ye6jfxufk1x9vk 0 238703 1550374 2026-05-25T15:55:59Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arkady Petrovich Yanenko''' ([[Kirusi]]: Аркадий Петрович Яненко; 23 Februari 1941 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanafizikia na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu katika Bunge la Wajumbe wa Watu wa Umoja wa Kisovieti kuanzia mwaka 1989 hadi 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ru.nagrady.by/persona/138330/|title=Яненко Аркадий Петрович|work=nagrady.by|language=ru}}</ref> Yanenko alifariki dunia mnamo 9 Aprili 2026, a...' 1550374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arkady Petrovich Yanenko''' ([[Kirusi]]: Аркадий Петрович Яненко; 23 Februari 1941 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanafizikia na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu katika Bunge la Wajumbe wa Watu wa Umoja wa Kisovieti kuanzia mwaka 1989 hadi 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ru.nagrady.by/persona/138330/|title=Яненко Аркадий Петрович|work=nagrady.by|language=ru}}</ref> Yanenko alifariki dunia mnamo 9 Aprili 2026, akiwa na umri wa miaka 85.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 April 2026|title=Ушел из жизни бывший ректор НГАСУ (Сибстрин), вице-президент АСВ Аркадий Петрович Яненко|url=https://mgsu.ru/news/Partnery/UshelizzhiznibyvshiyrektorNGASUSibstrinvitseprezidentASVArkadiyPetrovichYAnenko/#prettyPhoto |work=[[Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]]|language=ru |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 9181ahjcseboet14jbjyudh7hgxbnkb 0 238704 1550379 2026-05-25T16:28:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yury Vasilyevich Yemelyanov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Юрий Васильевич Емельянов; 16 Juni 1937 – 16 Januari 2026) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwandishi wa Kisovieti na [[Urusi]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Известному историку и публицисту Ю.В. Емельянову исполнилось 75 лет | url=https://kprf.ru/rus_soc/107261.html }}</ref> ambaye pia alikuwa Mgombea wa Sayansi|Mgombea wa Sayansi ya Historia (...' 1550379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yury Vasilyevich Yemelyanov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Юрий Васильевич Емельянов; 16 Juni 1937 – 16 Januari 2026) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwandishi wa Kisovieti na [[Urusi]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Известному историку и публицисту Ю.В. Емельянову исполнилось 75 лет | url=https://kprf.ru/rus_soc/107261.html }}</ref> ambaye pia alikuwa Mgombea wa Sayansi|Mgombea wa Sayansi ya Historia (1979).<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | title=Емельянов Юрий - все опубликованные материалы / Литературная газета | url=https://lgz.ru/author/emelyanov-yuriy }}</ref> Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Kimataifa ya Sholokhov katika Fasihi na Sanaa (2003).<ref name="auto1"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] gk5sbi656qw1giccupfwpnndr171ly7 0 238705 1550382 2026-05-25T16:31:21Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alvin Yevstafyevich Yeryomin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Альвин Евстафьевич Ерёмин; 4 Mei 1932 – 15 Oktoba 2023) alikuwa mwanauchumi na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti, alihudumu katika Baraza Kuu la Urusi|Baraza Kuu la RSFSR ya Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adm44.ru/area/history/honour/25/index.aspx|title=Еремин Альвин Евстафье...' 1550382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alvin Yevstafyevich Yeryomin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Альвин Евстафьевич Ерёмин; 4 Mei 1932 – 15 Oktoba 2023) alikuwa mwanauchumi na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti, alihudumu katika Baraza Kuu la Urusi|Baraza Kuu la RSFSR ya Urusi kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adm44.ru/area/history/honour/25/index.aspx|title=Еремин Альвин Евстафьевич|work=admin44.ru|language=Russian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129143348/http://www.adm44.ru/area/history/honour/25/index.aspx|archivedate=29 January 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] 053hxot6ggm54vgz1mo4rd3zvjvaa65 0 238706 1550384 2026-05-25T16:54:31Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tycho Kielland''' (25 Machi 1854 – 3 Mei 1904) alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanahabari wa [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Stavanger akiwa mtoto wa Jens Zetlitz Kielland (1816–1881) na mkewe Christine (1820–1862), née Lange.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00070.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00070.htm#0) Tycho Kielland genealogy]</ref> Babu yake alikuwa Jac...' 1550384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tycho Kielland''' (25 Machi 1854 – 3 Mei 1904) alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanahabari wa [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Stavanger akiwa mtoto wa Jens Zetlitz Kielland (1816–1881) na mkewe Christine (1820–1862), née Lange.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00070.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00070.htm#0) Tycho Kielland genealogy]</ref> Babu yake alikuwa Jacob Kielland, na mjomba wake pia aliitwa Jacob Kielland. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1854|1904}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] mkkb3lkzov9gjj1k2s46g0q520ud8j4 0 238707 1550387 2026-05-25T16:58:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christian Bendz Kielland''' (29 Oktoba 1858 – 29 Mei 1934) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha ya binafsi == Alizaliwa katika Horten akiwa mtoto wa Jacob Kielland na mkewe Thora Margrethe (1827–1902), aliyezaliwa Bendz.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00505.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00505.htm#0) Nasaba ya Christian Bendz...' 1550387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christian Bendz Kielland''' (29 Oktoba 1858 – 29 Mei 1934) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha ya binafsi == Alizaliwa katika Horten akiwa mtoto wa Jacob Kielland na mkewe Thora Margrethe (1827–1902), aliyezaliwa Bendz.<ref name="genea">[[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00505.htm#0](http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kielland/slekt/per00505.htm#0) Nasaba ya Christian Bendz Kielland]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1858|1934}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] m0y17l4kqozfp68at0n25z7404u3jne 3 238709 1550395 2026-05-25T17:21:13Z NDG 79979 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{ karibu}} ~~~~' 1550395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) eyavs79qf6httmnycsb9o30cvceqlkw 1550769 1550395 2026-05-26T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) iv7neuxcahn7qm77aqpfxxluiivrh6r 0 238710 1550396 2026-05-25T17:26:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stepan Mikhailovich Zhiryakov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Степан Михайлович Жиряков; 2 Machi 1948 – 28 Julai 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama Baraza la Shirikisho (Urusi)|Seneta wa Urusi kutoka [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Сенатор от Забайкалья Жиряков не будет переизбран в Совет Федерации - ТАСС |url=https://tass.r...' 1550396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stepan Mikhailovich Zhiryakov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Степан Михайлович Жиряков; 2 Machi 1948 – 28 Julai 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama Baraza la Shirikisho (Urusi)|Seneta wa Urusi kutoka [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Сенатор от Забайкалья Жиряков не будет переизбран в Совет Федерации - ТАСС |url=https://tass.ru/sibir-news/5589424 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=TACC |language=ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|2025}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi] jbjdara3vs4ni5n3emsmtvanvuwvtl9 1550487 1550396 2026-05-26T00:50:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stepan Mikhailovich Zhiryakov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Степан Михайлович Жиряков; 2 Machi 1948 – 28 Julai 2025) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama Baraza la Shirikisho (Urusi)|Seneta wa Urusi kutoka [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Сенатор от Забайкалья Жиряков не будет переизбран в Совет Федерации - ТАСС |url=https://tass.ru/sibir-news/5589424 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=TACC |language=ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|2025}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi] noj1adkpuw3teag02dmcgoy2a1ojcpn 0 238711 1550397 2026-05-25T17:29:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valery Dmitrievich Zorkin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Валерий Дмитриевич Зорькин; alizaliwa 18 Februari 1943) ni msomi wa sheria na jaji wa [[Urusi]] anayehudumu kama Rais wa 4 na wa sasa wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Urusi. Pia, aliwahi kuwa Rais wa kwanza wa Mahakama hiyo ya Katiba kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1993. Kufikia mwaka 2026, Zorkin ndiye kiongozi mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi wa ngazi ya juu anayeshikilia madaraka nchini Urusi.<ref>{{Cite web...' 1550397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valery Dmitrievich Zorkin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Валерий Дмитриевич Зорькин; alizaliwa 18 Februari 1943) ni msomi wa sheria na jaji wa [[Urusi]] anayehudumu kama Rais wa 4 na wa sasa wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Urusi. Pia, aliwahi kuwa Rais wa kwanza wa Mahakama hiyo ya Katiba kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1993. Kufikia mwaka 2026, Zorkin ndiye kiongozi mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi wa ngazi ya juu anayeshikilia madaraka nchini Urusi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/info/18834103|title=ТАСС, 23 сентября 2023. Биография председателя Конституционного суда России Валерия Зорькина|lang=ru|access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] eqz9q085ne0ldyl620vtc4j49ddh1eo 1550400 1550397 2026-05-25T17:47:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valery Dmitrievich Zorkin''' ([[Kirusi]]: Валерий Дмитриевич Зорькин; alizaliwa 18 Februari 1943) ni msomi wa sheria na jaji wa [[Urusi]] anayehudumu kama Rais wa 4 na wa sasa wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Urusi. Pia, aliwahi kuwa Rais wa kwanza wa Mahakama hiyo ya Katiba kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1993. Kufikia mwaka 2026, Zorkin ndiye kiongozi mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi wa ngazi ya juu anayeshikilia madaraka nchini Urusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://tass.ru/info/18834103|title=ТАСС, 23 сентября 2023. Биография председателя Конституционного суда России Валерия Зорькина|lang=ru|access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] fp1b3r1969o3xm4mhtidu3oxgc977o8 0 238712 1550409 2026-05-25T18:19:18Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elias Kakule Mbahingana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo (mto)|Kongo]]. Mwaka 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Utalii katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] bfzcx08n1hvbr1y13m9fuhk73r668vq 0 238713 1550410 2026-05-25T18:29:17Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elias Kakule Mbahingana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utalii katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Provinces of Congo (Kinshasa)|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Congo-K_Provinces_1960-1966.html|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejro == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] amkcmat8efw5z95lva1ig51v0298r1x 1550459 1550410 2026-05-25T23:00:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elias Kakule Mbahingana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utalii katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Provinces of Congo (Kinshasa)|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Congo-K_Provinces_1960-1966.html|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejro == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ikzfhtz37nl6qkf54nqsw5816tcbcl4 0 238714 1550411 2026-05-25T18:37:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Baudouin Mayo Mambeke''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=MAYO MAMBEKE Jean-Baudouin|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=mayo-mambeke-jean-baudouin|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-25}}</ref> Yeye ni mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la DRC na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4p5nx5m3yvfq1pl43sqj2qgxag5osqj 0 238715 1550413 2026-05-25T18:39:54Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Зубко́в; alizaliwa 15 Septemba 1941) ni mtumishi wa umma, mwanasiasa na mfanyabiashara wa [[Urusi]] aliyepata kuhudumu kama Orodha ya Wakuu wa Serikali ya Urusi na Waziri Mkuu wa 36 wa Urusi kuanzia Septemba 2007 hadi Mei 2008. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa [[Vladimir Putin]] wakati wa muhula wa urais wa [[Dmitry Medvedev]]. Akiwa Mtumishi wa umma aliyeishi...' 1550413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Зубко́в; alizaliwa 15 Septemba 1941) ni mtumishi wa umma, mwanasiasa na mfanyabiashara wa [[Urusi]] aliyepata kuhudumu kama Orodha ya Wakuu wa Serikali ya Urusi na Waziri Mkuu wa 36 wa Urusi kuanzia Septemba 2007 hadi Mei 2008. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa [[Vladimir Putin]] wakati wa muhula wa urais wa [[Dmitry Medvedev]]. Akiwa Mtumishi wa umma aliyeishika nyadhifa mbalimbali katika Mkoa wa Leningrad chini ya utawala wa Kisovieti, baadaye alihudumu kama mshauri wa Mawaziri wa Baraza la Mawaziri. Zubkov alikuwa mpelelezi wa Uhalifu wa kifedha hadi alipoteuliwa mnamo 12 Septemba 2007 na Rais [[Vladimir Putin]] kuchukua nafasi ya Waziri Mkuu [[Mikhail Fradkov]], ambaye alikuwa amejiuzulu mapema siku hiyo.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6991053.stm "Putin names next prime minister"], BBC News, 12 September 2007.</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/putin-dissolves-government-nominates-viktor-zubkov-as-new-prime-minister "Putin Dissolves Government, Nominates Viktor Zubkov as New Prime Minister"], FOX News, 12 September 2007.</ref> Uteuzi huo uliidhinishwa na bunge la [[State Duma|Duma]] mnamo 14 Septemba 2007.<ref>[http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11871756&PageNum=0 Duma approves Zubkov for prime minister’s post, ITAR-TASS.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230625/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11871756&PageNum=0 |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Mei 2008, baraza la mawaziri la Zubkov lilivunjwa rasmi kiotomatiki. Utaratibu huu, unaofuata baada ya kuapishwa kwa Rais wa Urusi, unahitajika kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Urusi. Baada ya Putin kuwa waziri mkuu, Zubkov aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa Urusi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi] j1ch2df1fzk808c62run3ps3adisvui 0 238716 1550414 2026-05-25T18:48:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nasaba ya Barakzai''' pia inajulikana kama '''Nasaba ya Muhammadzai''' ("koo ndogo inayotawala ya [[Barakzai]]"),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Mike|title=An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978–2012|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199387984|page=321|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OENeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321|access-date=26 July 2016|quote=In Pushtun folklore, Barak, Alak and Popol were brothers who w...' 1550414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasaba ya Barakzai''' pia inajulikana kama '''Nasaba ya Muhammadzai''' ("koo ndogo inayotawala ya [[Barakzai]]"),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Mike|title=An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978–2012|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199387984|page=321|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OENeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321|access-date=26 July 2016|quote=In Pushtun folklore, Barak, Alak and Popol were brothers who went their separate ways to found tribes in their own namesake with the addition of the—zai (son of) suffix, for example, Barakzai.}}</ref><ref>Ende in Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society, p. 259</ref><ref>Herbe in All in the family, Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies, p. 199</ref><ref>Ahmed in Afghanistan Rising Islamic Law and Statecraft Between the Ottoman and British Empires, p. 23</ref> ilitawala eneo ambalo sasa hivi ni [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978, wakati mfumo wa ufalme ulipokomeshwa kisheria (''[[de jure]]'') chini ya [[Musahiban]] [[Mohammad Zahir Shah]] na kiuhalisia (''[[de facto]]'') chini ya binamu yake [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]]. Nasaba ya Barakzai ilianzishwa na [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] baada ya [[Dola ya Durrani]] ya [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] kuondolewa madarakani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dost Mohammad Khan -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com:80/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071226043804/http://www.britannica.com:80/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-date=2007-12-26 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://magazin.nzz.ch/magazin/meine-grossmutter-die-afghanische-prinzessin-ld.1664537?reduced=true | title=Meine Grossmutter, die afghanische Prinzessin | newspaper=Neue Zürcher Zeitung | date=14 January 2022 | last1=Haq | first1=Marina S. }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] tcbsx3dkbebm7he6yms3rdbj7iaat9d 1550512 1550414 2026-05-26T01:43:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasaba ya Barakzai''' pia inajulikana kama '''Nasaba ya Muhammadzai''' ("koo ndogo inayotawala ya [[Barakzai]]"),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Mike|title=An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978–2012|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199387984|page=321|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OENeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321|access-date=26 July 2016|quote=In Pushtun folklore, Barak, Alak and Popol were brothers who went their separate ways to found tribes in their own namesake with the addition of the—zai (son of) suffix, for example, Barakzai.}}</ref><ref>Ende in Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society, p. 259</ref><ref>Herbe in All in the family, Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies, p. 199</ref><ref>Ahmed in Afghanistan Rising Islamic Law and Statecraft Between the Ottoman and British Empires, p. 23</ref> ilitawala eneo ambalo sasa hivi ni [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978, wakati mfumo wa ufalme ulipokomeshwa kisheria (''[[de jure]]'') chini ya [[Musahiban]] [[Mohammad Zahir Shah]] na kiuhalisia (''[[de facto]]'') chini ya binamu yake [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]]. Nasaba ya Barakzai ilianzishwa na [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] baada ya [[Dola ya Durrani]] ya [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] kuondolewa madarakani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dost Mohammad Khan -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226043804/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-date=2007-12-26 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.britannica.com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://magazin.nzz.ch/magazin/meine-grossmutter-die-afghanische-prinzessin-ld.1664537?reduced=true | title=Meine Grossmutter, die afghanische Prinzessin | newspaper=Neue Zürcher Zeitung | date=14 January 2022 | last1=Haq | first1=Marina S. }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] btv8kwu1szwcnn6o5i1tcqyy12ta2nl 1550714 1550512 2026-05-26T08:15:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Barakzai dynasty]] hadi [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]]: jina la Kiswahili 1550512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasaba ya Barakzai''' pia inajulikana kama '''Nasaba ya Muhammadzai''' ("koo ndogo inayotawala ya [[Barakzai]]"),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Mike|title=An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978–2012|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199387984|page=321|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OENeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321|access-date=26 July 2016|quote=In Pushtun folklore, Barak, Alak and Popol were brothers who went their separate ways to found tribes in their own namesake with the addition of the—zai (son of) suffix, for example, Barakzai.}}</ref><ref>Ende in Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society, p. 259</ref><ref>Herbe in All in the family, Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle Eastern Monarchies, p. 199</ref><ref>Ahmed in Afghanistan Rising Islamic Law and Statecraft Between the Ottoman and British Empires, p. 23</ref> ilitawala eneo ambalo sasa hivi ni [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978, wakati mfumo wa ufalme ulipokomeshwa kisheria (''[[de jure]]'') chini ya [[Musahiban]] [[Mohammad Zahir Shah]] na kiuhalisia (''[[de facto]]'') chini ya binamu yake [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]]. Nasaba ya Barakzai ilianzishwa na [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] baada ya [[Dola ya Durrani]] ya [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] kuondolewa madarakani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dost Mohammad Khan -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226043804/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031009/Dost-Mohammad-Khan |archive-date=2007-12-26 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.britannica.com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://magazin.nzz.ch/magazin/meine-grossmutter-die-afghanische-prinzessin-ld.1664537?reduced=true | title=Meine Grossmutter, die afghanische Prinzessin | newspaper=Neue Zürcher Zeitung | date=14 January 2022 | last1=Haq | first1=Marina S. }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] btv8kwu1szwcnn6o5i1tcqyy12ta2nl 0 238717 1550415 2026-05-25T18:50:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucinda Rogers''' (alizaliwa [[1966]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="British Museum">{{cite web |title=Lucinda Rogers |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG136034 |website=British Museum |access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elgot|first1=Jessica|title=Artist drawn to support restored East End shul|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/local-news/67174/artist-drawn-support-restored-east...' 1550415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucinda Rogers''' (alizaliwa [[1966]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="British Museum">{{cite web |title=Lucinda Rogers |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG136034 |website=British Museum |access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elgot|first1=Jessica|title=Artist drawn to support restored East End shul|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/local-news/67174/artist-drawn-support-restored-east-end-shul|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=3 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=24 hours with First Hand|url=http://www.eyemagazine.com/blog/post/24-hours-with-first-hand|work=Eye Magazine|date=January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Drawing Out Ideas|url=http://www.designweek.co.uk/drawing-out-ideas/?nocache=true&adfesuccess=1|work=Design Week|date=12 Sep 2002}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] heu86wbri99lj6kbrozd0hgy95j3ey6 0 238718 1550416 2026-05-25T18:50:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maximilien Liongo''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics in the Congo : decolonization and independence {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/307971|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Kwanza wa Nchi wa Wizara ya Sheria katika serikali ya Patrice Lumumba, iliyodumu kuanzia 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} jbvehna796r4khn5yjp3coqywxain9m 1550420 1550416 2026-05-25T18:53:18Z Don Malya 61486 1550420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maximilien Liongo''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics in the Congo : decolonization and independence {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/307971|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Kwanza wa Nchi wa Wizara ya Sheria katika serikali ya Patrice Lumumba, iliyodumu kuanzia 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] hpnw2rqj1xauiopc6ss5niutr29k861 1550462 1550420 2026-05-25T23:31:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maximilien Liongo''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Politics in the Congo : decolonization and independence {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/307971|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Kwanza wa Nchi wa Wizara ya Sheria katika serikali ya Patrice Lumumba, iliyodumu kuanzia 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] d9le987vzf21rs8tda1j7zha8xko2xq 0 238719 1550417 2026-05-25T18:51:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Roqia Abubakr''' (7 Juni 1917 – ?)<ref name=WW>''World Who's Who of Women 1992–93'' p404</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]], na mmojawapo wa wanawake wa kwanza kwa pamoja kuchaguliwa katika bunge la nchi hiyo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1917|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Historia wa kike]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]]' 1550417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roqia Abubakr''' (7 Juni 1917 – ?)<ref name=WW>''World Who's Who of Women 1992–93'' p404</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]], na mmojawapo wa wanawake wa kwanza kwa pamoja kuchaguliwa katika bunge la nchi hiyo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1917|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Historia wa kike]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] mty2633mcrmbmnxhq7ielrp3yacsh9n 1550418 1550417 2026-05-25T18:52:14Z Egipa 87700 1550418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roqia Abubakr''' (7 Juni 1917 – ?)<ref name=WW>''World Who's Who of Women 1992–93'' p404</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]], na mmojawapo wa wanawake wa kwanza kwa pamoja kuchaguliwa katika bunge la nchi hiyo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1917|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Historia wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] alk5htstskgybudl7lai16sd3pqphhg 0 238720 1550419 2026-05-25T18:53:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frederic 'Fred' Roe''' ([[1864]] – [[Agosti 16]], [[1947]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa mandhari, picha za watu, na matukio ya kijeshi.<ref>[http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=fred-roe Biog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202024520/http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=fred-roe |date=2016-12-02 }} (artmagick.com)</ref><ref>[http...' 1550419 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederic 'Fred' Roe''' ([[1864]] – [[Agosti 16]], [[1947]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji wake wa mandhari, picha za watu, na matukio ya kijeshi.<ref>[http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=fred-roe Biog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202024520/http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=fred-roe |date=2016-12-02 }} (artmagick.com)</ref><ref>[http://www.artoftheprint.com/artistpages/roe_fred_goodbyemylads.htm Biog] (artoftheprint.com)</ref><ref>[http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speel/paint/roe.htm Biog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723091427/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speel/paint/roe.htm |date=23 July 2018 }} (by Bob Speel)</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1947]] er7pa4h9lf9bpe6eex89rpo6c8amv9u 0 238721 1550421 2026-05-25T18:57:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdul Raziq Achakzai''', anajulikana pia kama '''Jenerali Raziq''', ([[Kipashto]]: عبدالرازق اڅکزی; [[Kiajemi]]: عبدالرازق اچکزی; 1979 – 18 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa Polisi wa Kitaifa wa Afghanistan na mkuu wa polisi wa [[Mkoa wa Kandahar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/18/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-unharmed-after-attack-that-left-key-afghan-general-dead-2-americans-wounded/|...' 1550421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Raziq Achakzai''', anajulikana pia kama '''Jenerali Raziq''', ([[Kipashto]]: عبدالرازق اڅکزی; [[Kiajemi]]: عبدالرازق اچکزی; 1979 – 18 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa Polisi wa Kitaifa wa Afghanistan na mkuu wa polisi wa [[Mkoa wa Kandahar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/18/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-unharmed-after-attack-that-left-key-afghan-general-dead-2-americans-wounded/|title=Top US commander in Afghanistan unharmed after attack leaves key Afghan general dead, 2 Americans wounded|date=18 October 2018|access-date=18 October 2018|publisher=Military Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018190331/https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/18/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-unharmed-after-attack-that-left-key-afghan-general-dead-2-americans-wounded/|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Waafghanistan wengi walimchukulia kama shujaa wa kitaifa wakati wengine walimwona kama [[Mkuu wa vita (warlord)|mkuu wa vita]] tu.<ref>Christina Lamb. [https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/9-tons-of-opium-doesnt-make-him-a-bad-man-gj0ngh93vqc 9 tons of opium doesn’t make him a bad man]. 5 April 2015. The Times.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160826191333/http://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/nato-bullish-canadians-wary-of-afghan-warlord-raziq-1.589838 NATO bullish, Canadians wary of Afghan warlord Raziq]. 27 December 2010. CTV News.</ref> Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2001, Achakzai alikuwa mwanachama wa majeshi ya [[Gul Agha Sherzai]] ambao [[Taliban]] walijisalimisha kwao baada ya vamizi wa Afghanistan uliofanywa na Marekani. Achakzai alichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa maafisa wa usalama wenye nguvu zaidi nchini [[Afghanistan]] katika miaka michache ya mwisho ya maisha yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979|2018}} [[Jamii:Historia wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] t9q55xrlbgpaiaksv3acyb3heri9pyb 1550423 1550421 2026-05-25T18:57:59Z Egipa 87700 1550423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Raziq Achakzai''', anajulikana pia kama '''Jenerali Raziq''', ([[Kipashto]]: عبدالرازق اڅکزی; [[Kiajemi]]: عبدالرازق اچکزی; 1979 – 18 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa Polisi wa Kitaifa wa Afghanistan na mkuu wa polisi wa [[Mkoa wa Kandahar]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/18/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-unharmed-after-attack-that-left-key-afghan-general-dead-2-americans-wounded/|title=Top US commander in Afghanistan unharmed after attack leaves key Afghan general dead, 2 Americans wounded|date=18 October 2018|access-date=18 October 2018|publisher=Military Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018190331/https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/18/top-us-commander-in-afghanistan-unharmed-after-attack-that-left-key-afghan-general-dead-2-americans-wounded/|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Waafghanistan wengi walimchukulia kama shujaa wa kitaifa wakati wengine walimwona kama [[Mkuu wa vita (warlord)|mkuu wa vita]] tu.<ref>Christina Lamb. [https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/9-tons-of-opium-doesnt-make-him-a-bad-man-gj0ngh93vqc 9 tons of opium doesn’t make him a bad man]. 5 April 2015. The Times.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160826191333/http://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/nato-bullish-canadians-wary-of-afghan-warlord-raziq-1.589838 NATO bullish, Canadians wary of Afghan warlord Raziq]. 27 December 2010. CTV News.</ref> Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2001, Achakzai alikuwa mwanachama wa majeshi ya [[Gul Agha Sherzai]] ambao [[Taliban]] walijisalimisha kwao baada ya vamizi wa Afghanistan uliofanywa na Marekani. Achakzai alichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa maafisa wa usalama wenye nguvu zaidi nchini [[Afghanistan]] katika miaka michache ya mwisho ya maisha yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979|2018}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] 0aet545qq97oqcq0j63a2kotigdptuh 0 238722 1550424 2026-05-25T18:59:42Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Heath Robinson''' ([[Mei 31]], [[1872]] – [[Septemba 13]], [[1944]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha na katuni na [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] alichora mashine kwa kina ili kufikia malengo rahisi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bryant |first=Mark |year=2006 |title=World War I in Cartoons |location=London |publisher=Grub Street |page=17 |isbn=190494356X}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1...' 1550424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Heath Robinson''' ([[Mei 31]], [[1872]] – [[Septemba 13]], [[1944]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha na katuni na [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] alichora mashine kwa kina ili kufikia malengo rahisi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bryant |first=Mark |year=2006 |title=World War I in Cartoons |location=London |publisher=Grub Street |page=17 |isbn=190494356X}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1872]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1944]] 07g0ucj82m051fmarlhlj60ps4yz0cy 0 238723 1550425 2026-05-25T19:00:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Athanase Matenda Kyelu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Kuanzia Novemba 2007 hadi Februari 2010, alikuwa Waziri wa Fedha katika serikali za Gizenga I, Gizenga II, na Muzito I. Matenda ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Unified Lumumbist Party'' (ULP) [Chama kilichounganishwa cha Lumumba].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] leby1h1lfjvkio2a2b1wjapi6lljhfv 0 238724 1550426 2026-05-25T19:00:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''[[Sardar|Sirdar]] Shir Ahmad Sura-i-Milli''' alihudumu kama [[Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistan|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Ufalme wa Afghanistan]] kuanzia tarehe 25 Oktoba 1927 hadi Januari 1929.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/ministerafghan.htm Afghanistan Ministers]</ref> Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[Shir Giyan]] baada ya kupinduliwa. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1885. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|}} [[Jamii:Historia wa Afghanistan]] Jam...' 1550426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Sardar|Sirdar]] Shir Ahmad Sura-i-Milli''' alihudumu kama [[Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistan|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Ufalme wa Afghanistan]] kuanzia tarehe 25 Oktoba 1927 hadi Januari 1929.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/ministerafghan.htm Afghanistan Ministers]</ref> Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[Shir Giyan]] baada ya kupinduliwa. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1885. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|}} [[Jamii:Historia wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] ihc9ecbxuu1rn1wl309ei1ki6se2h2x 1550427 1550426 2026-05-25T19:01:22Z Egipa 87700 1550427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Sardar|Sirdar]] Shir Ahmad Sura-i-Milli''' alihudumu kama [[Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistan|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Ufalme wa Afghanistan]] kuanzia tarehe 25 Oktoba 1927 hadi Januari 1929.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/ministerafghan.htm Afghanistan Ministers]</ref> Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[Shir Giyan]] baada ya kupinduliwa. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1885. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 4delxdv094570awj8vzoug9xy4bl5qy 0 238725 1550428 2026-05-25T19:03:02Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Piercy Roberts''' alikuwa mchapishaji, mtengenezaji wa michoro, na [[Uchoraji|mchora]] katuni wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi kati ya [[1785]] na [[1824]].<ref>'Dorothy M George'| 'The Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum' | The British Museum| 1870-1954| London</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usio...' 1550428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piercy Roberts''' alikuwa mchapishaji, mtengenezaji wa michoro, na [[Uchoraji|mchora]] katuni wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi kati ya [[1785]] na [[1824]].<ref>'Dorothy M George'| 'The Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum' | The British Museum| 1870-1954| London</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka usiojulikana]] 8wkeunjvgzt5rf72lqlez5wlqmv23zg 0 238726 1550429 2026-05-25T19:05:14Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khadija Ahrari''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]], na mmojawapo wa wanawake wa kwanza kwa pamoja kuchaguliwa katika bunge la nchi hiyo. == Wasifu == Kufuatia kuanzishwa kwa haki ya wanawake kupiga kura katika Katiba ya Afghanistan na katiba ya mwaka 1964, Ahrari alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wanne waliochaguliwa katika Bunge kwenye Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1965|uchaguzi wa mwaka 1965, akiwakilisha [[Herat]].<ref>[https://areu.org.af/wp-con...' 1550429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khadija Ahrari''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]], na mmojawapo wa wanawake wa kwanza kwa pamoja kuchaguliwa katika bunge la nchi hiyo. == Wasifu == Kufuatia kuanzishwa kwa haki ya wanawake kupiga kura katika Katiba ya Afghanistan na katiba ya mwaka 1964, Ahrari alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wanne waliochaguliwa katika Bunge kwenye Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1965|uchaguzi wa mwaka 1965, akiwakilisha [[Herat]].<ref>[https://areu.org.af/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/1519E-Women-and-the-Elections-Facilitating-and-Hindering-Factors-in-the-Upcoming-Parliamentary-Elections.pdf Women and the Elections: Facilitating and Hindering Factors in the Upcoming Parliamentary Elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327001335/https://areu.org.af/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/1519E-Women-and-the-Elections-Facilitating-and-Hindering-Factors-in-the-Upcoming-Parliamentary-Elections.pdf/ |date=2023-03-27 }} AFEU</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] 2vebl6u6jtafivgp1i4i9zsevdux9lk 0 238727 1550430 2026-05-25T19:05:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aggeé Aje Matembo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Ardhi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress'' (UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9wrj6aqrjp0gkpnz5d9w79klujhxqg1 1550458 1550430 2026-05-25T22:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aggeé Aje Matembo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Ardhi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress'' (UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-ZA|author=Marina|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229203413/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qou4chxfpygmm5dixhhl9rokpn3awbl 0 238728 1550431 2026-05-25T19:12:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mata Melanga Junior''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Fedha wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress'' (UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Citation|last=Franco-Rwandaise|first=La Tribune|title=Un gouvernement de 66 ministres pour diriger la RDC - La Tribune franco-rwandaise|url=https://www.france-rwanda.info/2019/08/un-gouvernement-de-66-ministres-pour-diriger-la-rdc.html|work=La Tribune franco-rwandaise|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5o0bedpp7j2t9udd1sq12j7kcdxincw 0 238729 1550433 2026-05-25T19:18:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonard Mashako Mamba''' (Machi 15, 1951 – Septemba 25, 2017) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disparition : le Dr Leonard Mashako Mamba a tiré sa révérence {{!}} adiac-congo.com : toute l'actualité du Bassin du Congo|url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-le-dr-leonard-mashako-mamba-tire-sa-reverence-70054|work=www.adiac-congo.com|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] bverwg506o0rhbehycs7j2fk9r5mxce 1550460 1550433 2026-05-25T23:15:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonard Mashako Mamba''' (Machi 15, 1951 – Septemba 25, 2017) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Disparition : le Dr Leonard Mashako Mamba a tiré sa révérence {{!}} adiac-congo.com : toute l'actualité du Bassin du Congo|url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-le-dr-leonard-mashako-mamba-tire-sa-reverence-70054|work=www.adiac-congo.com|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] oy1cqz9t11dubweapui348nqbe4dfl8 0 238730 1550435 2026-05-25T19:26:40Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joachim Masena''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa Kongo. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa kwanza wa Kazi wa Zaire, ambayo sasa hivi ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya Serikali ya Lumumba iliyodumu kuanzia tarehe 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960 chini ya uongozi wa Waziri Mkuu Patrice Lumumba. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha PSA. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 41nyte92ay4yo5s2pwfmixz2u41st3d 0 238731 1550436 2026-05-25T19:37:09Z Family 001 70423 Nimeanzisha makala mpya 1550436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Maher''' (Kiarabu: أحمد ماهر) ni mwongozaji wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Misri]]. Filamu yake ya kwanza kuongoza iitwayo ''The Traveller'' (2009) ilishindania tuzo ya ''Golden Lion'' katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la [[Venezia|Venice]] la 66.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al-Ahram Weekly {{!}} Culture {{!}} The Talented Mr Maher|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/959/cu22.htm|work=weekly.ahram.org.eg|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=Hani Mustafa}}</ref> Pia ilionyeshwa katika sehemu ya Maonyesho Maalum kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Traveler,' 'Scheherazade' and 'Heliopolis' off to Toronto. - Free Online Library|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/'Traveler,'+'Scheherazade'+and+'Heliopolis'+off+to+Toronto-a0206317300|work=www.thefreelibrary.com|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> Aidha, Maher alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa sanaa katika filamu ya ''Martin Scorsese'' ya mwaka 1990 iitwayo ''Goodfellas''. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tc8e0zs21hwqffzv147f2pmqaphy2mu 1550717 1550436 2026-05-26T08:18:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ahmad Maher (director)]] hadi [[Ahmad Maher (mwongozaji filamu)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1550436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Maher''' (Kiarabu: أحمد ماهر) ni mwongozaji wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Misri]]. Filamu yake ya kwanza kuongoza iitwayo ''The Traveller'' (2009) ilishindania tuzo ya ''Golden Lion'' katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la [[Venezia|Venice]] la 66.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al-Ahram Weekly {{!}} Culture {{!}} The Talented Mr Maher|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/959/cu22.htm|work=weekly.ahram.org.eg|accessdate=2026-05-25|author=Hani Mustafa}}</ref> Pia ilionyeshwa katika sehemu ya Maonyesho Maalum kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Traveler,' 'Scheherazade' and 'Heliopolis' off to Toronto. - Free Online Library|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/'Traveler,'+'Scheherazade'+and+'Heliopolis'+off+to+Toronto-a0206317300|work=www.thefreelibrary.com|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> Aidha, Maher alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa sanaa katika filamu ya ''Martin Scorsese'' ya mwaka 1990 iitwayo ''Goodfellas''. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tc8e0zs21hwqffzv147f2pmqaphy2mu 0 238732 1550437 2026-05-25T19:47:19Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Marini Bodho''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 30 Machi 1938, huko Zeu, Ituri), alikuwa [[Askofu]] Mkuu Mkuu wa Kanisa la Kristo nchini Kongo na Rais wa zamani wa Seneti ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Briefing 2006|url=http://www.monusco.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?ctl=Details&tabid=1579&mid=1557&ItemID=2406|work=www.monusco.unmissions.org|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=MONUSCO}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a2xwtova5irjqs974j2h1468j17kcwl 1550481 1550437 2026-05-26T00:28:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Marini Bodho''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 30 Machi 1938, huko Zeu, Ituri), alikuwa [[Askofu]] Mkuu Mkuu wa Kanisa la Kristo nchini Kongo na Rais wa zamani wa Seneti ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Press Briefing 2006|url=http://www.monusco.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?ctl=Details&tabid=1579&mid=1557&ItemID=2406|work=www.monusco.unmissions.org|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US|author=MONUSCO}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gq4buyp5ex73aohp3pv2tzry7wzc2cn 0 238733 1550441 2026-05-25T20:05:42Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myra Ndjoku Manianga''' ni Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nanterre nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Kamati ya Usalama ya Taifa. Anatokea mkoa wa Kasai-Occidental. Alikuwa waziri mnamo mwaka wa 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Les membres de la nouvelle équipe gouvernementale|url=http://www.un.int/drcongo/disc14/0000001b.htm|work=www.un.int|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3ekjgkoxntyrs81qoox0xsdxz1g1rpk 1550473 1550441 2026-05-26T00:10:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myra Ndjoku Manianga''' ni Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nanterre nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Kamati ya Usalama ya Taifa. Anatokea mkoa wa Kasai-Occidental. Alikuwa waziri mnamo mwaka wa 2001.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Les membres de la nouvelle équipe gouvernementale|url=http://www.un.int/drcongo/disc14/0000001b.htm|work=www.un.int|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] le1hvc6sh3e3q0zh1z5igcsdx1mcvyu 0 238734 1550443 2026-05-25T20:34:41Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denys Mbuyu Manga''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Novemba 1939) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na profesa wa [[sheria]]. Aliteuliwa tarehe 28 Mei 2007 kuwa Waziri wa Biashara ya Nje na Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Joseph Kabila Kabange, nafasi aliyoishika hadi tarehe 10 Oktoba 2008. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Unified Lumumbist Party'' (ULP) [Chama kilichounganishwa cha Lumumba].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digitalcongo.net 3.0|url=http://www.digitalcongo.net/article/44001|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] nqy22hlcf8sq267btn7870tg1px3q3o 1550455 1550443 2026-05-25T22:00:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denys Mbuyu Manga''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Novemba 1939) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na profesa wa [[sheria]]. Aliteuliwa tarehe 28 Mei 2007 kuwa Waziri wa Biashara ya Nje na Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Joseph Kabila Kabange, nafasi aliyoishika hadi tarehe 10 Oktoba 2008. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Unified Lumumbist Party'' (ULP) [Chama kilichounganishwa cha Lumumba].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Digitalcongo.net 3.0|url=http://www.digitalcongo.net/article/44001|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] er1m5ud37f6tppeep6ut5vn0ohrifto 0 238735 1550444 2026-05-25T20:43:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angèle Makombo-Eboum''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo). Yeye ni rais wa chama cha ''Ligue des Démocrates Congolais'' [Muungano wa Wademokrasia wa Kongo].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Angele Makombo-Eboum Presidente Nationale de LIDEC face a la Presse sur LAVDC – Makolo Digital Tele- LAVDCONGO|url=https://lavdc.net/angle-makombo-eboum-presidente-nationale-de-lidec-face-a-la-presse-sur-lavdc/|date=2025-11-13|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pg0ikt1pydegcrcro7yj6js9repvz6h 0 238736 1550446 2026-05-25T20:49:28Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maker Mwangu Famba''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Elimu ya Msingi, Sekondari na Ufundi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya Serikali ya Antoine Gizenga iliyodumu kuanzia tarehe 25 Novemba 2007 chini ya uongozi wa Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Unified Lumumbist Party'' (ULP) [Chama kilichounganishwa cha Lumumba].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2g3ss4j44xrof3l41f3d456qm3061sh 1550461 1550446 2026-05-25T23:23:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maker Mwangu Famba''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Elimu ya Msingi, Sekondari na Ufundi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya Serikali ya Antoine Gizenga iliyodumu kuanzia tarehe 25 Novemba 2007 chini ya uongozi wa Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Unified Lumumbist Party'' (ULP) [Chama kilichounganishwa cha Lumumba].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lhs9q9gzorjzs6g3g1gji3vkaempkyr 0 238737 1550447 2026-05-25T20:55:33Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jolino Makelele''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa Mawasiliano na Vyombo vya Habari wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress''(UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Congo gets new cabinet after seven months - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dr-congo-gets-new-cabinet-after-seven-months/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=2019-08-26|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] g86m6c7lseqx5c9qhy6uz03n1r6a6t2 1550457 1550447 2026-05-25T22:41:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jolino Makelele''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa Mawasiliano na Vyombo vya Habari wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress''(UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DR Congo gets new cabinet after seven months - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/dr-congo-gets-new-cabinet-after-seven-months/|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=2019-08-26|accessdate=2026-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] gegz4vsevn2m81866j4ohhpqmu2tins 0 238738 1550449 2026-05-25T21:19:50Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolly Makambo Nawezi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Amekuwa akihudumu kama meya wa La Gombe katika mkoa wa Kinshasa tangu mwaka wa 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paris Sportifs Suisse - Les Meilleurs Bookmakers en 2026|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h1gomy7skbyhkr93md6qifeaccgm744 1550456 1550449 2026-05-25T22:02:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolly Makambo Nawezi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Amekuwa akihudumu kama meya wa La Gombe katika mkoa wa Kinshasa tangu mwaka wa 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paris Sportifs Suisse - Les Meilleurs Bookmakers en 2026|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] agn988ajjw5glwvyy9lklkxdg4swd77 0 238739 1550463 2026-05-25T23:42:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andreas Aagaard Kiønig''' (8 Agosti 1771 – 1 Machi 1856) alikuwa mwanasheria na jaji wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alihudumu kama mwakilishi katika Bunge la Katiba la Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiønig, Andreas Aagard (Eidsvollsmann) f. 1771 d. 1 Mar 1856 Opsal, Elverum, Hedmark: Eidsvollsmenn |url=[https://data.eidsvollsmenn.no/getperson.php?personID=I49929&tree=Eidsvollsmenn](https://data.eidsvollsmenn.no/getperson.php?personID=I49929&tree=Eidsvollsmenn...' 1550463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Aagaard Kiønig''' (8 Agosti 1771 – 1 Machi 1856) alikuwa mwanasheria na jaji wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alihudumu kama mwakilishi katika Bunge la Katiba la Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiønig, Andreas Aagard (Eidsvollsmann) f. 1771 d. 1 Mar 1856 Opsal, Elverum, Hedmark: Eidsvollsmenn |url=[https://data.eidsvollsmenn.no/getperson.php?personID=I49929&tree=Eidsvollsmenn](https://data.eidsvollsmenn.no/getperson.php?personID=I49929&tree=Eidsvollsmenn) |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=data.eidsvollsmenn.no}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Opaker Gård katika parokia ya Grue, kaunti ya Hedmark nchini Norway. Alimaliza Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1790.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007 |title=''Kiønig, Andreas Aagaard'' |encyclopedia=Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location= |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=629663](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=629663) }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwanasheria katika [[Udeni|Denmark]]–Norway. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1771|1856}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 3mxy1e4obkljsodq1vjqdkrd688l0v1 0 238740 1550466 2026-05-25T23:51:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Niels Tygesøn Knagenhielm''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Niels Knag'''; 11 Mei 1661 – 19 Mei 1737) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma, mmiliki wa ardhi na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Norway]]. Pia alijulikana kwa maandishi yake kuhusu eneo la kaskazini mwa Norway.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jon Gunnar Arntzen |title=Knagenhjelm |url=[https://snl.no/Knagenhjelm](https://snl.no/Knagenhjelm) |access-date=15 Julai 2016 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Marejeo...' 1550466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niels Tygesøn Knagenhielm''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Niels Knag'''; 11 Mei 1661 – 19 Mei 1737) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma, mmiliki wa ardhi na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Norway]]. Pia alijulikana kwa maandishi yake kuhusu eneo la kaskazini mwa Norway.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jon Gunnar Arntzen |title=Knagenhjelm |url=[https://snl.no/Knagenhjelm](https://snl.no/Knagenhjelm) |access-date=15 Julai 2016 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1661|1737}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] rebnywye3ebzwh41qo8evjjyq5orw9o 0 238741 1550467 2026-05-25T23:55:41Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karsten Klepsvik''' (4 Agosti 1952 – 8 Januari 2025) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]].<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Karsten Klepsvik |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=[https://snl.no/Karsten_Klepsvik](https://snl.no/Karsten_Klepsvik) |access-date=21 Januari 2025 |author-link=Sten Lundbo |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |language=no |last2=Bech |first2=Jon |first1=S...' 1550467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karsten Klepsvik''' (4 Agosti 1952 – 8 Januari 2025) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]].<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Karsten Klepsvik |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=[https://snl.no/Karsten_Klepsvik](https://snl.no/Karsten_Klepsvik) |access-date=21 Januari 2025 |author-link=Sten Lundbo |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |language=no |last2=Bech |first2=Jon |first1=Sten |last1=Lundbo}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 4dvfy8q13c25bgkr0bfd6w7lo2mrtea 0 238742 1550468 2026-05-25T23:59:10Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jens Edvard Kraft''' (22 Desemba 1784 – 21 Julai 1853) alikuwa afisa wa mahakama wa [[Norwei|Norway]], mwanatakwimu, mwanaorodha wa vitabu, na mwanahistoria wa fasihi. Maandishi yake ni chanzo muhimu cha maarifa kuhusu Norway ya kabla ya mapinduzi ya viwanda. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waandishi wa kamusi ya kihistoria ya fasihi ya Skandinavia.<ref name="sok">{{cite web |url=[https://snl.no/Jens_Kraft_-_litteraturhistoriker](https://snl.no/Jens_Kraft_-_litt...' 1550468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Edvard Kraft''' (22 Desemba 1784 – 21 Julai 1853) alikuwa afisa wa mahakama wa [[Norwei|Norway]], mwanatakwimu, mwanaorodha wa vitabu, na mwanahistoria wa fasihi. Maandishi yake ni chanzo muhimu cha maarifa kuhusu Norway ya kabla ya mapinduzi ya viwanda. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waandishi wa kamusi ya kihistoria ya fasihi ya Skandinavia.<ref name="sok">{{cite web |url=[https://snl.no/Jens_Kraft_-_litteraturhistoriker](https://snl.no/Jens_Kraft_-_litteraturhistoriker) |title=Jens Kraft - litteraturhistoriker |website=Store norske leksikon |access-date=1 Agosti 2020}}</ref> == Wasifu == Jens Kraft alizaliwa mjini Kristiansand, Norway. Alikuwa mwana wa Even Jensen Kraft (1745–1814) na Marie Hielm (1744–1820). Mwaka 1800, Kraft alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Copenhagen ambapo alianza kusomea teolojia kabla ya kuhamia sheria. Mwaka 1807 alipata shahada ya sheria.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/14/0610.html](https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/14/0610.html) |title=Jens Kraft |publisher=Salmonsens konversationsleksikon |access-date=10 Juni 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1784|1853}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] hiohqgucgneegixsttpswztqz2n2nlc 0 238743 1550470 2026-05-26T00:02:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacob Roll Knagenhjelm''' (1858 – 1932) alikuwa Lord Chamberlain wa Mfalme Haakon VII wa Norway kutoka mwaka 1925 hadi 1931 na alikuwa mwanachama wa utajiri wa kifalme wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa katika Trondhjem<ref name=aft31>{{cite news|title=Hoffchef-skiftet|date=7 Oktoba 1931|work=[[Aftenposten]]|page=3|language=Norwegian}}</ref> kama mwana wa Ludvig Wiese Knagenhjelm (1824–1907) na Selma Angelique Lousie Roll. Alikuw...' 1550470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Roll Knagenhjelm''' (1858 – 1932) alikuwa Lord Chamberlain wa Mfalme Haakon VII wa Norway kutoka mwaka 1925 hadi 1931 na alikuwa mwanachama wa utajiri wa kifalme wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa katika Trondhjem<ref name=aft31>{{cite news|title=Hoffchef-skiftet|date=7 Oktoba 1931|work=[[Aftenposten]]|page=3|language=Norwegian}}</ref> kama mwana wa Ludvig Wiese Knagenhjelm (1824–1907) na Selma Angelique Lousie Roll. Alikuwa mjomba wa Kai Knagenhjelm<ref name=snl2>{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Knagenhjelm|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|first=Terje|last=Bratberg|authorlink=Terje Bratberg|editor=Godal, Anne Marit|editor-link=Anne Marit Godal|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Knagenhjelm|language=Norwegian|access-date=21](http://www.snl.no/Knagenhjelm|language=Norwegian|access-date=21) Septemba 2011}}</ref> na kaka wa Arthur Knagenhjelm.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1973|title=Knagenhjelm, Kai|encyclopedia=[[Hvem er hvem?]]|editor=Steenstrup, Bjørn|publisher=Aschehoug|location=Oslo|url=[https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1973/0310.html|page=310|language=Norwegian|access-date=21](https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1973/0310.html|page=310|language=Norwegian|access-date=21) Septemba 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1858|1932}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] g0egrucjsh4uzw3gm37p0e1hugxooqg 0 238744 1550471 2026-05-26T00:06:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bjørn Kristvik''' (amezaliwa 19 Machi 1928) ni mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Kristvik alizaliwa katika Nesset, na alikuwa na elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1955. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama katibu wa kamati ya bunge ya Kamati ya Kudumu ya Masuala ya Nje na Katiba kuanzia 1966 hadi 1970, kisha baadaye alitumwa kama mshauri katika ujumbe wa Norway kwenye [[NATO]] mjini Brussel...' 1550471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bjørn Kristvik''' (amezaliwa 19 Machi 1928) ni mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Kristvik alizaliwa katika Nesset, na alikuwa na elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1955. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama katibu wa kamati ya bunge ya Kamati ya Kudumu ya Masuala ya Nje na Katiba kuanzia 1966 hadi 1970, kisha baadaye alitumwa kama mshauri katika ujumbe wa Norway kwenye [[NATO]] mjini [[Brussels]]. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway nchini [[Indonesia]] kuanzia 1974 hadi 1979, nchini [[Misri]] kuanzia 1979 hadi 1984, katika NATO kuanzia 1989 hadi 1992, na nchini [[Canada]] kuanzia 1992 hadi 1996.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Bjørn Kristvik |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |url=[https://snl.no/Bjørn_Kristvik](https://snl.no/Bjørn_Kristvik) |language=Norwegian |access-date=9 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] mxklg28wywv9860rl1l8iuvpa0vou5q 0 238745 1550472 2026-05-26T00:09:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jørn Aksel Krog''' (11 Aprili 1948 – 3 Machi 2015) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika [[Trondheim]]. Alihudumu kama katibu mkuu wa Norges Fiskarlag kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1983, na baadaye alikuwa meneja wa Feitsildfiskernes Salgslag kuanzia 1983 hadi 1989. Kuanzia 1999 hadi 2011 alikuwa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katika Wizara ya Uvuvi na Mambo ya Pwani ya Norway. Pia alihudumu kama Gavana wa Mkoa wa Sør-Trøndela...' 1550472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jørn Aksel Krog''' (11 Aprili 1948 – 3 Machi 2015) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika [[Trondheim]]. Alihudumu kama katibu mkuu wa Norges Fiskarlag kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1983, na baadaye alikuwa meneja wa Feitsildfiskernes Salgslag kuanzia 1983 hadi 1989. Kuanzia 1999 hadi 2011 alikuwa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katika Wizara ya Uvuvi na Mambo ya Pwani ya Norway. Pia alihudumu kama Gavana wa Mkoa wa Sør-Trøndelag kuanzia 2011 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2015.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jørn Aksel Krog|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor-last=Godal|editor-first=Anne Marit|publisher=Norsk nettleksikon|location=Oslo|url=[http://snl.no/Jørn_Aksel_Krog|language=Kinorwei|access-date=16](http://snl.no/Jørn_Aksel_Krog|language=Kinorwei|access-date=16) Februari 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] fuiq2um54auv6k08gq16aekho52crif 0 238746 1550475 2026-05-26T00:11:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sigurd Lambrechts''' (6 Februari 1863 – 10 Oktoba 1941) alikuwa mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Lambrechts alizaliwa katika [[Oslo|Kristiania]] akiwa mtoto wa Jaji Mkuu Morten Diderik Emil Lambrechts (1824–1900) na Karoline Mathilde Østrem. Kuanzia mwaka 1894 hadi 1906 alikuwa ameolewa na Augusta Mowinckel Ramm.<ref name="stoo">{{cite book |last=Amundsen |first=O. Delphin |title=Den kongelige norske Sankt...' 1550475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sigurd Lambrechts''' (6 Februari 1863 – 10 Oktoba 1941) alikuwa mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Lambrechts alizaliwa katika [[Oslo|Kristiania]] akiwa mtoto wa Jaji Mkuu Morten Diderik Emil Lambrechts (1824–1900) na Karoline Mathilde Østrem. Kuanzia mwaka 1894 hadi 1906 alikuwa ameolewa na Augusta Mowinckel Ramm.<ref name="stoo">{{cite book |last=Amundsen |first=O. Delphin |title=Den kongelige norske Sankt Olavs Orden 1847–1947 |publisher=Grøndahl |year=1947 |location=Oslo |page=133 |language=no |author-link=Otto Delphin Amundsen}}</ref> Mwaka 1915 alioa Aagot Nyquist, binti wa daktari wa mifugo. Akiwa na Augusta Mowinckel, alizaa mtoto wa kiume, Finn Lambrechts.<ref name="barth346">{{cite encyclopedia |year=1930 |title=Lambrechts, F. |encyclopedia=Norges militære embedsmenn 1929 |publisher=A. M. Hanche |location=Oslo |editor-last=Barth |editor-first=Bjarne Keyser |pages=346–347 |language=no}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1863|1941}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] iipzeyxidilhkaht36rt96nhdzaolrf 0 238747 1550476 2026-05-26T00:15:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arne Langeland''' (24 Novemba 1928 – 15 Desemba 2019) alikuwa mwanasheria (jurist), mtumishi wa umma na mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Nøtterøy na alikuwa na elimu ya (shahada ya sheria). Aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1953, na alipandishwa cheo kuwa subdirector mwaka 1963. Kuanzia 1965 hadi 1970 alihudumu kama mshauri katika ubalozi wa Norway mjini Geneva. Baada ya kipindi cha muda kufanya kazi kama...' 1550476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arne Langeland''' (24 Novemba 1928 – 15 Desemba 2019) alikuwa mwanasheria (jurist), mtumishi wa umma na mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Nøtterøy na alikuwa na elimu ya (shahada ya sheria). Aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1953, na alipandishwa cheo kuwa subdirector mwaka 1963. Kuanzia 1965 hadi 1970 alihudumu kama mshauri katika ubalozi wa Norway mjini Geneva. Baada ya kipindi cha muda kufanya kazi kama wakili, alirejea kwenye taaluma ya diplomasia mwaka 1976 akiwa Makamu Katibu Mkuu wa European Free Trade Association. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara katika Wizara ya Biashara mwaka 1978, na akawa Katibu Mkuu wa Kudumu wa Serikali kuanzia 1981 hadi 1982. Baada ya miaka sita akiwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji (CEO) wa Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwaka 1988, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi 1993. Kisha alihudumu kama Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Uholanzi]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Langeland, Arne |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Arne_Langeland|language=Kinorwei|access-date=25](http://www.snl.no/Arne_Langeland|language=Kinorwei|access-date=25) Februari 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] j92770b07sgbassa7aoa7jf9lepqhs6 0 238748 1550477 2026-05-26T00:19:13Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bjørn Larsen''' (3 Aprili 1922 – 3 Novemba 2007) alikuwa mwanauchumi na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sandefjord.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Bjørn Larsen |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/Bj%C3%B8rn_Larsen](http://www.snl.no/Bj%C3%B8rn_Larsen) |language=no |access-date=16 Februari 2011}}</ref> Alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uchumi mwa...' 1550477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bjørn Larsen''' (3 Aprili 1922 – 3 Novemba 2007) alikuwa mwanauchumi na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sandefjord.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Bjørn Larsen |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/Bj%C3%B8rn_Larsen](http://www.snl.no/Bj%C3%B8rn_Larsen) |language=no |access-date=16 Februari 2011}}</ref> Alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uchumi mwaka 1947. Baada ya hapo alifanya kazi kwa mwaka mmoja katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo, kisha akawa mshauri katika Kurugenzi ya Bei ya Norway kuanzia 1948 hadi 1952.<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last=Lie |first=Einar |title=Ambisjon og tradisjon. Finansdepartementet 1945–1965 |publisher=Universitetsforlaget |location=Oslo |year=1995 |page=455 |language=no}}</ref> Aliomba nafasi ya naibu katibu katika Wizara ya Biashara ya Norway mwaka 1952, lakini ingawa alikuwa miongoni mwa waombaji bora, Waziri wa Biashara Erik Brofoss alimkataa kwa sababu alihitajika kubaki katika Kurugenzi ya Bei. Badala yake, aliajiriwa kama naibu katibu katika Wizara ya Fedha ya Norway.<ref>Lie, 1995: p. 112</ref><ref>Lie, 1995: p. 192</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 08vb4bggag53srl9j47ko1twm7ip0to 0 238749 1550478 2026-05-26T00:22:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lovise Bernhardine "Dina" Larsen''' (13 Septemba 1873 – 31 Agosti 1961) alikuwa mwalimu wa sayansi ya nyumbani na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Aliendesha Chuo cha Serikali cha Norway cha Walimu wa Sayansi ya Nyumbani kuanzia mwaka 1909 hadi 1917, na mwaka 1936 akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa katibu msaidizi wa idara. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa katika Søgne akiwa mtoto wa nahodha wa meli Tarald Larsen (1844–1915) na Alette Christine Gjer...' 1550478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lovise Bernhardine "Dina" Larsen''' (13 Septemba 1873 – 31 Agosti 1961) alikuwa mwalimu wa sayansi ya nyumbani na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Aliendesha Chuo cha Serikali cha Norway cha Walimu wa Sayansi ya Nyumbani kuanzia mwaka 1909 hadi 1917, na mwaka 1936 akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa katibu msaidizi wa idara. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa katika Søgne akiwa mtoto wa nahodha wa meli Tarald Larsen (1844–1915) na Alette Christine Gjertsen (1843–1933). Akiwa kijana, alisafiri baharini pamoja na baba yake kwa muda, lakini pia alisoma shule ya kati, akafanya kazi kama mjakazi huko Søgne, na baadaye akamaliza masomo katika Shule ya Sayansi ya Nyumbani ya Bonnevie mwaka 1902.<ref name=nbl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Dina Larsen|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Henry|last=Notaker|editor=[[Knut Helle|Knut Helle]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Dina_Larsen/utdypning|language=Kinorwei|access-date=28](http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Dina_Larsen/utdypning|language=Kinorwei|access-date=28) Februari 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] sew3nfil7eny57kvy0a58su5rkl3gzq 0 238750 1550479 2026-05-26T00:25:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leif Holger Larsen''' (27 Januari 1954 – 8 Mei 2015) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Stavanger, na alikuwa na elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1984. Alikuwa naibu mkurugenzi (subdirector) katika Wizara kuanzia mwaka 2000, kisha akawa mshauri wa ngazi ya waziri katika ujumbe wa Norway kwenye NATO mwaka 2001, na baadaye mkuu wa ida...' 1550479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leif Holger Larsen''' (27 Januari 1954 – 8 Mei 2015) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Stavanger, na alikuwa na elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1984. Alikuwa naibu mkurugenzi (subdirector) katika Wizara kuanzia mwaka 2000, kisha akawa mshauri wa ngazi ya waziri katika ujumbe wa Norway kwenye NATO mwaka 2001, na baadaye mkuu wa idara katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 2005. Mwaka 2009 aliteuliwa kuwa mwalimu mkuu katika Chuo cha Chuo Kikuu cha Ulinzi cha Norway (Norwegian Defence University College).<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Leif Holger Larsen |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |url=[http://www.snl.no/Leif_Holger_Larsen](http://www.snl.no/Leif_Holger_Larsen) |language=no |access-date=8 Mei 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|2015}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] nl43859nbipi8e7u1wphnij6zm1jhan 0 238751 1550480 2026-05-26T00:28:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thorvald Andreas Larsen''' (27 Septemba 1863 – 16 Januari 1936) alikuwa mwanasheria, mkuu wa polisi, benki, mtumishi wa umma, na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sandnes akiwa mtoto wa mfanyabiashara na hakimu Andreas Larsen na mkewe Charlotte Marie Sandved. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1881, kisha akahitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1886. Alianza kazi yake kama mwanasheria, na mwaka 1892 akawa wakili (barrister) aliyeru...' 1550480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thorvald Andreas Larsen''' (27 Septemba 1863 – 16 Januari 1936) alikuwa mwanasheria, mkuu wa polisi, benki, mtumishi wa umma, na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sandnes akiwa mtoto wa mfanyabiashara na hakimu Andreas Larsen na mkewe Charlotte Marie Sandved. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1881, kisha akahitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1886. Alianza kazi yake kama mwanasheria, na mwaka 1892 akawa wakili (barrister) aliyeruhusiwa kushughulikia kesi katika Mahakama Kuu ya Norway. Mwaka 1898 aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa polisi wa Stavanger na pia kuwa mkurugenzi wa Stavanger Handels- og Industribank.<ref name="nsd">{{Cite web |title=Thorvald Andreas Larsen |url=[http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779](http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121147/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779](https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121147/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779) |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 Julai 2014 |access-date=6 Juni 2014 |publisher=Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) |language=Kinorwei}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] ar4aioel68u0w11twv79f7pi3ax7y11 1550491 1550480 2026-05-26T00:58:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1550491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thorvald Andreas Larsen''' (27 Septemba 1863 – 16 Januari 1936) alikuwa mwanasheria, mkuu wa polisi, benki, mtumishi wa umma, na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Sandnes akiwa mtoto wa mfanyabiashara na hakimu Andreas Larsen na mkewe Charlotte Marie Sandved. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1881, kisha akahitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1886. Alianza kazi yake kama mwanasheria, na mwaka 1892 akawa wakili (barrister) aliyeruhusiwa kushughulikia kesi katika Mahakama Kuu ya Norway. Mwaka 1898 aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa polisi wa Stavanger na pia kuwa mkurugenzi wa Stavanger Handels- og Industribank.<ref name="nsd">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Thorvald Andreas Larsen |url=[http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779](http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121147/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779](https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121147/http://www.nsd.uib.no/polsys/index.cfm?urlname=&lan=&MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11779) |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 Julai 2014 |access-date=6 Juni 2014 |publisher=Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) |language=Kinorwei}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] k3yltopxyq35u3dyvy6uco44rm0i6c5 0 238752 1550482 2026-05-26T00:33:00Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Atle Leikvoll''' (amezaliwa 25 Mei 1951) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alisoma na kupata (elimu ya uchumi na biashara) kisha akaanza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1992. Alihudumu kama naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1995 hadi 1999, kisha akatumikia kwa miaka minne kama balozi mkuu (consul-general) mjini [[New York City]]. Baada ya kurejea katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kama mshauri maalum mwaka 2003...' 1550482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Atle Leikvoll''' (amezaliwa 25 Mei 1951) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alisoma na kupata (elimu ya uchumi na biashara) kisha akaanza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1992. Alihudumu kama naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1995 hadi 1999, kisha akatumikia kwa miaka minne kama balozi mkuu (consul-general) mjini [[New York City]]. Baada ya kurejea katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kama mshauri maalum mwaka 2003, na baadaye kuwa msaidizi wa katibu mkuu wa kudumu kuanzia 2005, aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa Norway katika [[European Union|Umoja wa Ulaya]] kuanzia 2011 hadi 2015.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Atle Leikvoll|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|url=[http://snl.no/Atle_Leikvoll|language=Kinorwei|access-date=11](http://snl.no/Atle_Leikvoll|language=Kinorwei|access-date=11) Machi 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] cspj5yxaa0h822kk9tqilxshjz8dl2y 0 238753 1550483 2026-05-26T00:35:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mons Lie''' (15 Februari 1757 – 2 Agosti 1827) alikuwa mkuu wa polisi na mwandishi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa kwa jina la '''Mons Jonasen Storli''' katika parokia ya Ålen katika kaunti ya Søndre Trondhjem, Norway. Alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto saba wa Jonas Monssen Gjersvoll Storli (1715–1791) na Karen “Kari” Svendsdatter Aspaas (aliyezaliwa 1717). Mama yake alikuwa binamu wa kwanza wa Svend Aspaas. Mnamo Februari 1777 alioa Dorothea Wol...' 1550483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mons Lie''' (15 Februari 1757 – 2 Agosti 1827) alikuwa mkuu wa polisi na mwandishi wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa kwa jina la '''Mons Jonasen Storli''' katika parokia ya Ålen katika kaunti ya Søndre Trondhjem, Norway. Alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto saba wa Jonas Monssen Gjersvoll Storli (1715–1791) na Karen “Kari” Svendsdatter Aspaas (aliyezaliwa 1717). Mama yake alikuwa binamu wa kwanza wa Svend Aspaas. Mnamo Februari 1777 alioa Dorothea Wollan, lakini ndoa hiyo haikudumu. Kuanzia Oktoba 1793 alioa Elisabeth Sofie Müller (1772–1810). Baada ya kifo cha mke wake huyo, alimuoa Anna Margrethe Hagerup (1768–1840), binti wa Christian Frederik Hagerup, mwezi Machi 1811.<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia |year= |title=Mons Lie |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |first=Idar |last=Stegane |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Mons_Lie/utdypning](http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Mons_Lie/utdypning) |language=no |access-date=1 Septemba 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1757|1827}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] roi3vd247zhigqi252y6zkd4xh9grj5 0 238754 1550484 2026-05-26T00:39:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vilhelm Gabriel Heiberg Lie''' (1877–1935) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa Emil Bernhard Lie (1836–1891), na kaka yake Bernt Lie, na pia alikuwa mpwa wa mwandishi Jonas Lie. Baba yake alikuwa binamu wa kwanza wa Erika (Nissen) na Ida Lie, hivyo Vilhelm alikuwa binamu wa pili wa kizazi kinachofuata cha familia hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na Erika Lie, Karl Nissen, Michael Strøm Lie, Mons Lie , Erik Lie, mchoraji Jonas Lie,<re...' 1550484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vilhelm Gabriel Heiberg Lie''' (1877–1935) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa Emil Bernhard Lie (1836–1891), na kaka yake Bernt Lie, na pia alikuwa mpwa wa mwandishi Jonas Lie. Baba yake alikuwa binamu wa kwanza wa Erika (Nissen) na Ida Lie, hivyo Vilhelm alikuwa binamu wa pili wa kizazi kinachofuata cha familia hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na Erika Lie, Karl Nissen, Michael Strøm Lie, Mons Lie , Erik Lie, mchoraji Jonas Lie,<ref name=snl2>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Lie – ukoo wa Mons Jonassøn|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Lie/slekt_etter_Mons_Jonass%C3%B8n|language=Kinorwei|access-date=8](http://www.snl.no/Lie/slekt_etter_Mons_Jonass%C3%B8n|language=Kinorwei|access-date=8) Desemba 2010}}</ref> na Eyolf Soot.<ref>[[https://runeberg.org/jonaslie/0021.html](https://runeberg.org/jonaslie/0021.html) Uddrag af Slægttavlen]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] sq2wfhyj1pg13lfgw8w6vh5i39ziwrj 0 238755 1550485 2026-05-26T00:45:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Per Ivar Lied''' (amezaliwa 19 Julai 1970) ni mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Kituo. Alizaliwa katika Volda Municipality, baba yake akiwa mkulima na mama yake akiwa mkuu wa shule. Alikulia katika kijiji cha Liabygda kilichopo Stranda Municipality. Baada ya kumaliza elimu ya sekondari katika kijiji cha Stranda, mwaka 1989, alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Volda University College, Molde University College na Agder Unive...' 1550485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Per Ivar Lied''' (amezaliwa 19 Julai 1970) ni mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Kituo. Alizaliwa katika Volda Municipality, baba yake akiwa mkulima na mama yake akiwa mkuu wa shule. Alikulia katika kijiji cha Liabygda kilichopo Stranda Municipality. Baada ya kumaliza elimu ya sekondari katika kijiji cha Stranda, mwaka 1989, alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Volda University College, Molde University College na Agder University College, kabla ya kupata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo kati ya 1994 hadi 1998. Baadaye alijiunga na mafunzo ya wataalamu wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway. Lied, ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Centre Youth katika Møre og Romsdal kuanzia 1989 hadi 1993, na baadaye mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Kituo katika mkoa huo kuanzia 1995 hadi 1997, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la manispaa la Stranda Municipality kuanzia 1991 hadi 1995 na pia baraza la kaunti la Møre og Romsdal kuanzia 1991 hadi 1998. Alikuwa mbunge mbadala wa Bunge la Norway kwa mkoa wa Møre og Romsdal katika vipindi vya 1993–1997, 1997–2001 na 2021–2025.<ref name="bio">{{stortingetbio|PEIL|access-date=26 Februari 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] dbx9y6rr4vhg9w07ybehca683x9c03k 0 238756 1550486 2026-05-26T00:47:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bjarne Lindstrøm''' (amezaliwa 3 Juni 1942) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1962. Alihudumu kama balozi mkuu (consul-general) mjini [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kusini]] kuanzia 1986 hadi 1990. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996, kisha akawa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1996 hadi 2005. Kuan...' 1550486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bjarne Lindstrøm''' (amezaliwa 3 Juni 1942) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1962. Alihudumu kama balozi mkuu (consul-general) mjini [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kusini]] kuanzia 1986 hadi 1990. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996, kisha akawa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1996 hadi 2005. Kuanzia 2005 hadi 2010 alihudumu kama Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Uingereza]].<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Bjarne Lindstrøm|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Bjarne_Lindstr%C3%B8m|language=Kinorwei|access-date=22](http://www.snl.no/Bjarne_Lindstr%C3%B8m|language=Kinorwei|access-date=22) Februari 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] gnia1qk1jjip9vzpplex5seibr1n8bs 0 238757 1550488 2026-05-26T00:51:07Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leif Terje Løddesøl''' (24 Aprili 1935 – 18 Novemba 2021) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Oslo akiwa mtoto wa Aasulv Løddesøl (1896–1978) na Liv Marie Bjørlykke (1905–1994). Alikuwa ameoa mara mbili. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo akiwa na shahada ya [Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1960, na baadaye alisoma zaidi, ikiwa ni pamoja na katika [he Hague Academy of International Law na College of Europe mjini Brussels....' 1550488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leif Terje Løddesøl''' (24 Aprili 1935 – 18 Novemba 2021) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Oslo akiwa mtoto wa Aasulv Løddesøl (1896–1978) na Liv Marie Bjørlykke (1905–1994). Alikuwa ameoa mara mbili. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo akiwa na shahada ya [Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1960, na baadaye alisoma zaidi, ikiwa ni pamoja na katika [he Hague Academy of International Law na College of Europe mjini Brussels. Baada ya kipindi cha kufanya kazi kama hakimu msaidizi katika Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Hardanger, alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway kuanzia 1963 hadi 1966, na baadaye katika Norwegian Shipowners' Association kuanzia 1966 hadi 1969.<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Leif Terje Løddesøl |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |first=Ole N. |last=Hoemsnes |editor=Helle, Knut |editor-link=Knut Helle |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Leif_Terje_Løddesøl/utdypning](http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Leif_Terje_Løddesøl/utdypning) |language=no |access-date=19 Julai 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2021}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] sqt46vk60ddkld9aipe67vqb96hmqyx 0 238758 1550489 2026-05-26T00:54:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erling Løseth''' (14 Desemba 1927 – 29 Aprili 2013) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norway]], akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Labour. Alizaliwa katika Fjaler Municipality akiwa mtoto wa mfanyakazi wa viwandani Emil Løseth (1897–1985) na mama wa nyumbani Kristine Kristiansen (1894–1984). Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1946 na kuhitimu katika Chuo cha Ualimu cha Volda mwaka 1949. Alianza kazi ya ualimu kama mwalimu wa shule katika Hylle...' 1550489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erling Løseth''' (14 Desemba 1927 – 29 Aprili 2013) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Norway]], akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Labour. Alizaliwa katika Fjaler Municipality akiwa mtoto wa mfanyakazi wa viwandani Emil Løseth (1897–1985) na mama wa nyumbani Kristine Kristiansen (1894–1984). Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1946 na kuhitimu katika Chuo cha Ualimu cha Volda mwaka 1949. Alianza kazi ya ualimu kama mwalimu wa shule katika Hyllestad Municipality kwa mwaka mmoja, kisha akafanya kazi Fjaler kuanzia 1950,Sauda Municipality kuanzia 1953, na Ny-Krohnborg katika Bergen Municipality kuanzia 1955 hadi 1957, kabla ya kuwa mkuu wa shule (headmaster) katika Sunde i Sunnhordland. Alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo hadi 1982, na pia alifanya kazi ya maktaba (librarian) katika Husnes kuanzia 1959 hadi 1977. Kuanzia 1982 hadi 1993 alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa elimu katika Kvinnherad Municipality.<ref name=bio>{{stortingetbio|ERL_O}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 0j9561mj856mx88jznkwr00acl4lgpo 0 238759 1550490 2026-05-26T00:57:23Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fredrik Jostein Løfsgaard''' (21 Septemba 1923 – 27 Mei 2011) alikuwa mtendaji wa masuala ya kitaaluma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Flisa akiwa mtoto wa Kari na Arne Løfsgaard.<ref name="obit1">{{cite news |title=Fredrik Jostein Løfsgaard til minne |last=Strand |first=Torstein |date=14 Juni 2011 |work=Budstikka |page=46 |language=no}}</ref> Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1944 na baadaye alihitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 19...' 1550490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fredrik Jostein Løfsgaard''' (21 Septemba 1923 – 27 Mei 2011) alikuwa mtendaji wa masuala ya kitaaluma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Flisa akiwa mtoto wa Kari na Arne Løfsgaard.<ref name="obit1">{{cite news |title=Fredrik Jostein Løfsgaard til minne |last=Strand |first=Torstein |date=14 Juni 2011 |work=Budstikka |page=46 |language=no}}</ref> Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1944 na baadaye alihitimu shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1949. Alianza kazi kama katibu katika Chuo cha Kilimo cha Norway na ''Norges Tannlegehøgskole'', kabla ya kuajiriwa kama katibu wa kitivo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Baadaye alipanda ngazi hadi kuwa msimamizi wa fedha (questor) na katibu mkuu, kisha akawa naibu mkurugenzi wa chuo mwaka 1969. Kuanzia 1987 hadi 1988 alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Baada ya hapo alikuwa mshauri maalum hadi alipostaafu mwaka 1993.<ref name="ntb">{{cite news |title=Fredrik Jostein Løfsgaard 70 år 21. september |agency=Norwegian News Agency |date=1 Septemba 1993 |language=no}}</ref><ref name="obit1" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2011}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] f86m1rd2pd8n24al9jlia1srt5agic3 0 238760 1550492 2026-05-26T01:01:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cathrine Marie Lofthus''' (amezaliwa 1970) ni daktari wa Norway, msimamizi wa sekta ya afya na mtumishi wa umma. Tangu mwaka 2025 amekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kurugenzi ya Afya ya Norway. Pia aliwahi kuwa Katibu Mkuu ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Afya na Huduma za Matunzo kuanzia 2021 hadi 2025. == Maisha binafsi na kazi == Alizaliwa tarehe 27 Oktoba 1970. Lofthus ana shahada ya udaktari (dr. degree) katika udaktari kutoka Kitivo cha Tiba ch...' 1550492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cathrine Marie Lofthus''' (amezaliwa 1970) ni daktari wa Norway, msimamizi wa sekta ya afya na mtumishi wa umma. Tangu mwaka 2025 amekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kurugenzi ya Afya ya Norway. Pia aliwahi kuwa Katibu Mkuu ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Afya na Huduma za Matunzo kuanzia 2021 hadi 2025. == Maisha binafsi na kazi == Alizaliwa tarehe 27 Oktoba 1970. Lofthus ana shahada ya udaktari (dr. degree) katika udaktari kutoka Kitivo cha Tiba cha Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo, pamoja na elimu ya usimamizi. Kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 aliwahi kuwa naibu mkurugenzi wa Hospitali ya Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Baadaye, kuanzia 2015 hadi 2021 alikuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Mamlaka ya Afya ya Mkoa wa Kusini na Mashariki mwa Norway. Mwaka 2021 aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Afya na Huduma za Matunzo, akimrithi Bjørn-Inge Larsen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary General Cathrine Marie Lofthus |url=[https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/hod/organisation-and-management-of-the-ministry-of-health-and-care-services/administrative-leadership/secretary-general-cathrine-marie-lofthus/id712545/](https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/hod/organisation-and-management-of-the-ministry-of-health-and-care-services/administrative-leadership/secretary-general-cathrine-marie-lofthus/id712545/) |website=regjeringen.no |access-date=17 Oktoba 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lofthus ny departementsråd i Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet |first=Karoline Almås |last=Sørensen |date=7 Mei 2021 |url=[https://www.oa.no/lofthus-ny-departementsrad-i-helse-og-omsorgsdepartementet/s/5-35-1324415](https://www.oa.no/lofthus-ny-departementsrad-i-helse-og-omsorgsdepartementet/s/5-35-1324415) |work=Oppland Arbeiderblad |access-date=17 Oktoba 2024 |language=Kinorwei }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] ct1cdenbhwnq6oqg4e75f0xirlhbsl4 1550493 1550492 2026-05-26T01:01:33Z Valuegirl 87699 1550493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cathrine Marie Lofthus''' (amezaliwa 1970) ni daktari wa [[Norwei|Norway]], msimamizi wa sekta ya afya na mtumishi wa umma. Tangu mwaka 2025 amekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kurugenzi ya Afya ya Norway. Pia aliwahi kuwa Katibu Mkuu ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Afya na Huduma za Matunzo kuanzia 2021 hadi 2025. == Maisha binafsi na kazi == Alizaliwa tarehe 27 Oktoba 1970. Lofthus ana shahada ya udaktari (dr. degree) katika udaktari kutoka Kitivo cha Tiba cha Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo, pamoja na elimu ya usimamizi. Kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 aliwahi kuwa naibu mkurugenzi wa Hospitali ya Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo. Baadaye, kuanzia 2015 hadi 2021 alikuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Mamlaka ya Afya ya Mkoa wa Kusini na Mashariki mwa Norway. Mwaka 2021 aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ({{lang|no|departementsråd}}) katika Wizara ya Afya na Huduma za Matunzo, akimrithi Bjørn-Inge Larsen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary General Cathrine Marie Lofthus |url=[https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/hod/organisation-and-management-of-the-ministry-of-health-and-care-services/administrative-leadership/secretary-general-cathrine-marie-lofthus/id712545/](https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/hod/organisation-and-management-of-the-ministry-of-health-and-care-services/administrative-leadership/secretary-general-cathrine-marie-lofthus/id712545/) |website=regjeringen.no |access-date=17 Oktoba 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lofthus ny departementsråd i Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet |first=Karoline Almås |last=Sørensen |date=7 Mei 2021 |url=[https://www.oa.no/lofthus-ny-departementsrad-i-helse-og-omsorgsdepartementet/s/5-35-1324415](https://www.oa.no/lofthus-ny-departementsrad-i-helse-og-omsorgsdepartementet/s/5-35-1324415) |work=Oppland Arbeiderblad |access-date=17 Oktoba 2024 |language=Kinorwei }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] jxoar3mbdcao5namwviao3irwzizb7u 0 238761 1550494 2026-05-26T01:04:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hans Wilhelm Longva''' (31 Januari 1942 – 12 Oktoba 2013) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alisomea shahada yaUzamili ya sheria kisha akaanza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1966. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway nchini [[Kuwait]] kuanzia 1984 hadi 1991, akifuatiwa na miaka kumi ndani ya Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje akiwa na nyadhifa mbalimbali: naibu mkurugenzi (hadi 1994), mkuu wa idara (hadi 1995), na naibu katibu...' 1550494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hans Wilhelm Longva''' (31 Januari 1942 – 12 Oktoba 2013) alikuwa mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alisomea shahada yaUzamili ya sheria kisha akaanza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1966. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway nchini [[Kuwait]] kuanzia 1984 hadi 1991, akifuatiwa na miaka kumi ndani ya Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje akiwa na nyadhifa mbalimbali: naibu mkurugenzi (hadi 1994), mkuu wa idara (hadi 1995), na naibu katibu mkuu wa serikali kuanzia 1995 hadi 2001. Baadaye alikuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Uturuki]] kuanzia 2001 hadi 2006, kisha alihudumu kwa muda mfupi nchini [[Azerbaijan]] kabla ya kuwa balozi nchini [[Syria]] na [[Lebanon]] kuanzia 2006 hadi 2008. Alimaliza kazi yake kama mshauri maalum katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi alipofariki mwaka 2013.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hans Wilhelm Longva |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |url=[http://www.snl.no/Hans_Wilhelm_Longva](http://www.snl.no/Hans_Wilhelm_Longva) |language=no |access-date=17 Oktoba 2013}}</ref> Longva alihudumu Kuwait wakati wa Vita vya Ghuba vilivyoikumba nchi hiyo. Mwanzoni mwa 2006, ubalozi wa Norway nchini Syria ulishambuliwa kama sehemu ya machafuko ya katuni za Muhammad.<ref>{{cite news |title=International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy |work=Various reports |note=Embassy attack reference}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] ptcycpiasfqdetnx673rl27l7hdd5gn 0 238762 1550496 2026-05-26T01:06:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorents Lorentsen''' (amezaliwa 5 Machi 1947) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana shahada ya (uchumi), na aliajiriwa katika Taasisi ya Takwimu ya Norway mwaka 1979, ambapo alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa utafiti mwaka 1987. Aliondoka mwaka 1992 na kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katikaWizara ya Fedha na Forodha ya Norway. Kuanzia 2002 hadi 2003 alihudumu kama kaimu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa Wizara ya Fedha. Mwaka 2003 aliteuliwa kuw...' 1550496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorents Lorentsen''' (amezaliwa 5 Machi 1947) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana shahada ya (uchumi), na aliajiriwa katika Taasisi ya Takwimu ya Norway mwaka 1979, ambapo alipandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa utafiti mwaka 1987. Aliondoka mwaka 1992 na kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali katikaWizara ya Fedha na Forodha ya Norway. Kuanzia 2002 hadi 2003 alihudumu kama kaimu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa Wizara ya Fedha. Mwaka 2003 aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa Idara ya Mazingira katika Shirika la Ushirikiano wa Kiuchumi na Maendeleo (OECD).<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Lorentsen, Lorents |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |url=[http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=13040529](http://www.snl.no/article.html?id=13040529) |language=Kinorwei |access-date=25 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 3znqnkn1d8n4hiw77t99qd5sesngsvd 0 238763 1550497 2026-05-26T01:09:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johan Ludvik Løvald''' (amezaliwa 14 Mei 1943) ni mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Ana shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) na alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1970. Alipanda cheo kuwa naibu mkurugenzi mwaka 1989, mkuu wa idara mwaka 1991, na naibu katibu mkuu wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Canada]] kuanzia 1996 hadi 2000. Kuanzia 2000 hadi 2003 alikuwa...' 1550497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johan Ludvik Løvald''' (amezaliwa 14 Mei 1943) ni mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Ana shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) na alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1970. Alipanda cheo kuwa naibu mkurugenzi mwaka 1989, mkuu wa idara mwaka 1991, na naibu katibu mkuu wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Canada]] kuanzia 1996 hadi 2000. Kuanzia 2000 hadi 2003 alikuwa msaidizi wa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali. Kisha kuanzia 2003 hadi 2008 alikuwa balozi wa Norway katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini [[New York City]].<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Johan Ludvik Løvald |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |url=[http://www.snl.no/Johan_Ludvik_L%C3%B8vald](http://www.snl.no/Johan_Ludvik_L%C3%B8vald) |language=no |access-date=30 Mei 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 5ki9kjuba3o0bdhh5av7xpdg041iqqf 0 238764 1550499 2026-05-26T01:12:34Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jens Michael Lund''' (13 Januari 1872 – 10 Machi 1943) alikuwa mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alikuwa ndugu wa mwanasiasa Fredrik Stang Lund, na pia alikuwa jamaa wa mbali wa Jochum Brinch Lund, mwanzilishi[Gabriel Lund, mwanasiasa John Theodor Lund, mwanahistoria Frederik Macody Lund, pamoja na wachoraji John Macody Lund na Henrik Lund .<ref name=snl2>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Lund – ukoo wa Lund kutoka Farsund|encycl...' 1550499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Michael Lund''' (13 Januari 1872 – 10 Machi 1943) alikuwa mwanasheria na mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alikuwa ndugu wa mwanasiasa Fredrik Stang Lund, na pia alikuwa jamaa wa mbali wa Jochum Brinch Lund, mwanzilishi[Gabriel Lund, mwanasiasa John Theodor Lund, mwanahistoria Frederik Macody Lund, pamoja na wachoraji John Macody Lund na Henrik Lund .<ref name=snl2>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Lund – ukoo wa Lund kutoka Farsund|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Lund/Lund_fra_Farsund|language=Kinorwei|access-date=8](http://www.snl.no/Lund/Lund_fra_Farsund|language=Kinorwei|access-date=8) Desemba 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] evd8fmerupcevkfmdd46e4w43jgo2oq 0 238765 1550500 2026-05-26T01:16:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ragne Birte Lund''' (amezaliwa 20 Novemba 1949) ni mtumishi wa umma na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Fasihi na Lugha na aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1977. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway nchini Korea Kusini kuanzia 1995 hadi 1997, nchini [[Thailand]] kuanzia 2000 hadi 2005, na nchini [[Bangladesh]] kuanzia 2010 hadi 2013. Kati ya vipindi hivyo vya ubalozi, alihudumu mara tatu kama mshauri m...' 1550500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ragne Birte Lund''' (amezaliwa 20 Novemba 1949) ni mtumishi wa umma na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Fasihi na Lugha na aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1977. Alihudumu kama balozi wa Norway nchini Korea Kusini kuanzia 1995 hadi 1997, nchini [[Thailand]] kuanzia 2000 hadi 2005, na nchini [[Bangladesh]] kuanzia 2010 hadi 2013. Kati ya vipindi hivyo vya ubalozi, alihudumu mara tatu kama mshauri maalum katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje: 1997–2000, 2005–2010 na 2013–2016.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ragne Birte Lund |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |location=Oslo |url=[http://www.snl.no/Ragne_Birte_Lund](http://www.snl.no/Ragne_Birte_Lund) |language=no |access-date=8 Februari 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] ge0hg9ipbpma5wsldmdjbc4c6rnezd1 0 238766 1550501 2026-05-26T01:18:59Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Arthur Lunde''' (amezaliwa 14 Machi 1948) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa na Sayansi (shahada ya chuo kikuu ya ngazi ya kwanza). Aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Ulinzi ya Norway mwaka 1974, na kuanzia 1976 hadi 1980 alihudumu katika ujumbe wa Norway katika [[NATO]]. Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1992 hadi 1995, kisha akawa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali (nafasi ya ju...' 1550501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Arthur Lunde''' (amezaliwa 14 Machi 1948) ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa na Sayansi (shahada ya chuo kikuu ya ngazi ya kwanza). Aliajiriwa katika Wizara ya Ulinzi ya Norway mwaka 1974, na kuanzia 1976 hadi 1980 alihudumu katika ujumbe wa Norway katika [[NATO]]. Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa naibu katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali kuanzia 1992 hadi 1995, kisha akawa katibu mkuu wa kudumu wa serikali (nafasi ya juu zaidi kwa mtumishi wa umma) kuanzia 1995 hadi 2008.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=John Arthur Lunde|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|editor=Henriksen, Petter|url=[http://www.snl.no/John_Arthur_Lunde|language=Kinorwei|access-date=16](http://www.snl.no/John_Arthur_Lunde|language=Kinorwei|access-date=16) Februari 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] bdmlpcj4wb417zmp4wxxx1pj9n2ewtb 0 238767 1550503 2026-05-26T01:22:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Svein Lundevall''' (amezaliwa 28 Mei 1944) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Oslo na alikulia katika Hermansverk (katika Leikanger) na Førde. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari katika Sandane. Baadaye alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo na Lund University, na akapata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii mwaka 1975. Alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Fedha ya Norway kuanzia 1971 hadi 1977. Mwaka 1977 aliteuliwa kuwa afisa mkuu...' 1550503 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Svein Lundevall''' (amezaliwa 28 Mei 1944) ni mtumishi wa umma wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa mjini Oslo na alikulia katika Hermansverk (katika Leikanger) na Førde. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari katika Sandane. Baadaye alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oslo na Lund University, na akapata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Jamii mwaka 1975. Alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Fedha ya Norway kuanzia 1971 hadi 1977. Mwaka 1977 aliteuliwa kuwa afisa mkuu wa utawala (''fylkesrådmann'') wa Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality, nafasi aliyoshikilia kwa miaka 20 hadi 1997. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mshauri (consultant).<ref name="ntb">{{cite news |title=Svein Lundevall 60 år 28. mai |agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]] |date=7 Mei 2004 |language=no}}</ref><ref name="nrk">{{cite encyclopedia |url=[http://www.nrk.no/sf/leksikon/index.php/Svein_Lundevall](http://www.nrk.no/sf/leksikon/index.php/Svein_Lundevall) |title=Svein Lundevall |encyclopedia=Sogn og Fjordane fylkesleksikon |publisher=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] |language=no |access-date=27 Juni 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 984izbh65343e5261skakshq6b6qfhp 0 238768 1550504 2026-05-26T01:25:09Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo''' (amezaliwa 24 Machi 1968 mjini [[Oslo]])<ref>[[https://snl.no/Anne_Nafstad_Lyftingsmo](https://snl.no/Anne_Nafstad_Lyftingsmo) Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo], ''[[Store norske leksikon]]''</ref> ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]], ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Katibu wa Serikali (Cabinet Secretary), yaani mtumishi wa ngazi ya juu zaidi katika serikali.<ref>[[https://www.dagensperspektiv.no/2016/her-er-norges-nye-toppbyrakrat](ht...' 1550504 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo''' (amezaliwa 24 Machi 1968 mjini [[Oslo]])<ref>[[https://snl.no/Anne_Nafstad_Lyftingsmo](https://snl.no/Anne_Nafstad_Lyftingsmo) Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo], ''[[Store norske leksikon]]''</ref> ni mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]], ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama Katibu wa Serikali (Cabinet Secretary), yaani mtumishi wa ngazi ya juu zaidi katika serikali.<ref>[[https://www.dagensperspektiv.no/2016/her-er-norges-nye-toppbyrakrat](https://www.dagensperspektiv.no/2016/her-er-norges-nye-toppbyrakrat) Her er Norges nye toppbyråkrat], ''Dagens Perspektiv''</ref><ref>[[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dep/smk/organisasjonskart/administrativ_ledelse/regjeringsrad_nafstad_lyftingsmo/id2506630/](https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dep/smk/organisasjonskart/administrativ_ledelse/regjeringsrad_nafstad_lyftingsmo/id2506630/) Regjeringsråd Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo], Serikali ya Norway</ref> Alisomea usimamizi wa biashara na baadaye alifanya kazi kama mshauri katika ECON Analyse na pia katika [[Statistics Norway|Taasisi ya Takwimu ya Norway]] kabla ya kujiunga na utawala wa serikali kuu. Mwaka 2006 aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu (Director-General) katika Wizara ya Serikali za Mitaa na Maendeleo ya Mikoa. Baadaye alihamia Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, ambako pia alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mkuu kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Serikali mwaka 2016.<ref>[[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/nyregjeringsrad/id2500449/](https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/nyregjeringsrad/id2500449/) Anne Nafstad Lyftingsmo ny regjeringsråd], Government of Norway, 11 Mei 2016</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] itzt1l0wwdvpf9u6493e3hi5aaxsj2y 0 238769 1550505 2026-05-26T01:28:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dag Lyseid''' (12 Februari 1954 – 2 Januari 2013) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Labour. Alikuwa beki (defender) wa SFK Lyn kuanzia 1973 hadi 1982, ikiwa ni pamoja na msimu wa kwanza na wa sita wa ligi ya juu ya Norway (First Division). Alianza kucheza dhidi ya Frigg mwezi Mei 1973, na alicheza jumla ya mechi 117 za ligi na 15 za kombe akiwa na Lyn, bila kufunga bao hata moja.<ref>{{cite web |u...' 1550505 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dag Lyseid''' (12 Februari 1954 – 2 Januari 2013) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]] kutoka Chama cha Labour. Alikuwa beki (defender) wa SFK Lyn kuanzia 1973 hadi 1982, ikiwa ni pamoja na msimu wa kwanza na wa sita wa ligi ya juu ya Norway (First Division). Alianza kucheza dhidi ya Frigg mwezi Mei 1973, na alicheza jumla ya mechi 117 za ligi na 15 za kombe akiwa na Lyn, bila kufunga bao hata moja.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.lynfotball.net/Lyn_Spiller.asp?id=272](http://www.lynfotball.net/Lyn_Spiller.asp?id=272) |title=Dag Lyseid |publisher=LynFotball.net |access-date=13 Januari 2013}}</ref> Alikulia katika eneo la Ullevål na alisoma Oslo na Trondheim.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title=Dag Lyseid |author=Viken, Gunnar |date=11 Januari 2013 |work=[[Adresseavisen]] |page=27 |language=no}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|2013}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 4jo2orumfv2qgwz0yv1oe3wuh70r87q 0 238770 1550507 2026-05-26T01:32:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Inga Magistad''' (amezaliwa 4 Agosti 1950) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa na Sayansi (shahada ya chuo kikuu ya ngazi ya kwanza), na alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1978. Alihudumu kama naibu mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1996 hadi 1997, na baadaye akateuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Philippines]] kuanzia 1997 hadi 2000. Baada ya miaka sita akiwa mshauri...' 1550507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inga Magistad''' (amezaliwa 4 Agosti 1950) ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norway]]. Ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa na Sayansi (shahada ya chuo kikuu ya ngazi ya kwanza), na alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1978. Alihudumu kama naibu mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1996 hadi 1997, na baadaye akateuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Philippines]] kuanzia 1997 hadi 2000. Baada ya miaka sita akiwa mshauri katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje, alihudumu kama Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Portugal]] kuanzia 2006 hadi 2011. Kisha alirudi tena kama mshauri kwa miaka miwili, kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Norway nchini [[Slovakia]] mwaka 2013.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Inga Magistad|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|url=[http://www.snl.no/Inga_Magistad|language=Kinorwei|access-date=5](http://www.snl.no/Inga_Magistad|language=Kinorwei|access-date=5) Machi 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] rdwf2mllxpxrwxrskpfx9c3i35o9x3a 0 238771 1550508 2026-05-26T01:34:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amanat Lewana''' (alizaliwa mnamo miaka ya 1940) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyehudumu kama waziri mkuu chini ya [[Salemai]], mfalme wa Afghanistan aliyetawala katika Mkoa wa Mashariki, Afghanistan|Mkoa wa Mashariki pekee. == Historia ya Nyuma == {{Main|Maasi ya kikabila ya Afghanistan ya 1944–1947}} Mnamo ama mwaka 1944 au 1945, Safi (kabila la Wapashtun)|kabila la Safi liliasi dhidi ya serikali ya Ufalme wa Afghanistan. Kulingana na kum...' 1550508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amanat Lewana''' (alizaliwa mnamo miaka ya 1940) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyehudumu kama waziri mkuu chini ya [[Salemai]], mfalme wa Afghanistan aliyetawala katika Mkoa wa Mashariki, Afghanistan|Mkoa wa Mashariki pekee. == Historia ya Nyuma == {{Main|Maasi ya kikabila ya Afghanistan ya 1944–1947}} Mnamo ama mwaka 1944 au 1945, Safi (kabila la Wapashtun)|kabila la Safi liliasi dhidi ya serikali ya Ufalme wa Afghanistan. Kulingana na kumbukumbu za Waingereza, maasi hayo yalisababishwa na majaribio ya serikali ya Afghanistan kuanzisha uandikishaji wa lazima wa kijeshi miongoni mwa watu wa Safi, ukodishaji wa upendeleo wa kibiashara uliotolewa kwa makampuni ya wafanyabiashara wa Afghanistan, na ujasusi wa kiserikali.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Olesen|first=Asta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70SHv0axVTwC|title=Islam and Politics in Afghanistan|date=1995|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-0299-2|pages=196, 198|language=en}}</ref> Hata hivyo, Whit Mason anahusisha maasi ya Safi na "utoaji kodi wa kikatili uliokithiri, ukandamizaji na umaskini".<ref name=":92">{{Cite book|last=Mason|first=Whit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsIwtyvv5EwC|title=The Rule of Law in Afghanistan: Missing in Inaction|date=2011-04-14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49552-3|pages=85, 86|language=en}}</ref> Miongoni mwa wapiganaji waasi wenye shauku kubwa walikuwa vijana wadogo waliokuwa na mengi ya kufaidika na machache ya kupoteza kwa kupigana na serikali.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=David B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o7AwDwAAQBAJ|title=Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad|date=2002-04-02|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-22861-0|pages=163, 164|language=en}}</ref> Serikali ya Afghanistan ilitumia jeshi lake la anga kwa kiwango kikubwa dhidi ya waasi hao, ikitumia ndege kurusha vipeperushi, kuwamiminia risasi watu wa kabila hilo, na kudondosha mabomu ya moto (incendiary bombs). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] bh6b5v8v3779bopr2c47746ci50ni7v 0 238772 1550509 2026-05-26T01:36:44Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ludvig Johan Carl Manthey''' (1 Septemba 1809 – 8 Oktoba 1875) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1834. Baada ya kufanya kazi katika wizara mbalimbali za serikali ya Norway, aliteuliwa kuwa hakimu wa mahakama ya mji (stipendiary magistrate, {{Lang|no|byfoged}}) mjini [[Tromsø]] mwaka 1855. Kuanzia mwaka 1859 hadi kifo chake mwaka 1875, alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo hiyo mjini Trondheim|Trondhje...' 1550509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ludvig Johan Carl Manthey''' (1 Septemba 1809 – 8 Oktoba 1875) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma kutoka [[Norway]]. Alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1834. Baada ya kufanya kazi katika wizara mbalimbali za serikali ya Norway, aliteuliwa kuwa hakimu wa mahakama ya mji (stipendiary magistrate, {{Lang|no|byfoged}}) mjini [[Tromsø]] mwaka 1855. Kuanzia mwaka 1859 hadi kifo chake mwaka 1875, alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo hiyo mjini [[Trondheim|Trondhjem]].<ref name="bio2">[[http://www.tfb.no/db/personalhistorie/3_7_20070228_153436.pdf](http://www.tfb.no/db/personalhistorie/3_7_20070228_153436.pdf) Biographies], iliyohifadhiwa na maktaba ya umma ya Trondheim</ref> Alikuwa ndugu wa August Christian Manthey, aliyekuwa waziri katika serikali ya Norway.<ref name="bio2"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 56bvix7qj83aayvmko0s5eh7dd04632 0 238773 1550510 2026-05-26T01:38:05Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amanul Mulk''' (alifariki [[Mnamo|tahakika ya]] 2011) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyehudumu kama Waziri wa Ulinzi chini ya [[Salemai]], aliyetawala katika Mkoa wa Mashariki, Afghanistan|Mkoa wa Mashariki pekee. == Historia ya Nyuma == {{Main|Maasi ya kikabila ya Afghanistan ya 1944–1947}} Mnamo ama mwaka 1944 au 1945, [[Safi (kabila la Wapashtun)|kabila la Safi]] liliasi dhidi ya serikali ya Ufalme wa Afghanistan. Kulingana na kumbukumbu...' 1550510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amanul Mulk''' (alifariki [[Mnamo|tahakika ya]] 2011) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyehudumu kama Waziri wa Ulinzi chini ya [[Salemai]], aliyetawala katika Mkoa wa Mashariki, Afghanistan|Mkoa wa Mashariki pekee. == Historia ya Nyuma == {{Main|Maasi ya kikabila ya Afghanistan ya 1944–1947}} Mnamo ama mwaka 1944 au 1945, [[Safi (kabila la Wapashtun)|kabila la Safi]] liliasi dhidi ya serikali ya Ufalme wa Afghanistan. Kulingana na kumbukumbu za Waingereza, maasi hayo yalisababishwa na majaribio ya serikali ya Afghanistan kuanzisha uandikishaji wa lazima wa kijeshi miongoni mwa watu wa Safi, ukodishaji wa upendeleo wa kibiashara uliotolewa kwa makampuni ya wafanyabiashara wa Afghanistan, na ujasusi wa kiserikali.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70SHv0axVTwC|title=Islam and Politics in Afghanistan|last=Olesen|first=Asta|date=1995|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-0299-2|pages=196, 198|language=en}}</ref> Hata hivyo, Whit Mason anahusisha maasi ya Safi na "utoaji kodi wa kikatili uliokithiri, ukandamizaji na umaskini".<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsIwtyvv5EwC|title=The Rule of Law in Afghanistan: Missing in Inaction|last=Mason|first=Whit|date=2011-04-14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49552-3|pages=85, 86|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||2011}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] io5vei5fhrewhlc1wjor272tbsb2d7b 0 238774 1550511 2026-05-26T01:41:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ole Olsen Malm''' (14 Machi 1854 – 16 Mei 1917) alikuwa daktari, daktari wa mifugo, mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Malm alizaliwa tarehe 14 Machi 1854 mjini Stavanger, akiwa mtoto wa mshonaji Knud Olsen na Bertha Olene Qvie. Alibadilisha jina lake kuwa Malm mwaka 1880. Mwaka 1881 alioa Thora Otilie Jevnager. Alikuwa babu wa Ole Jacob Malm.<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ole Olsen Malm |encyclopedi...' 1550511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ole Olsen Malm''' (14 Machi 1854 – 16 Mei 1917) alikuwa daktari, daktari wa mifugo, mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. == Maisha binafsi == Malm alizaliwa tarehe 14 Machi 1854 mjini Stavanger, akiwa mtoto wa mshonaji Knud Olsen na Bertha Olene Qvie. Alibadilisha jina lake kuwa Malm mwaka 1880. Mwaka 1881 alioa Thora Otilie Jevnager. Alikuwa babu wa Ole Jacob Malm.<ref name="nbl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ole Olsen Malm |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |first=Weiert |last=Velle |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=[https://nbl.snl.no/Ole_Olsen_Malm](https://nbl.snl.no/Ole_Olsen_Malm) |language=no |access-date=31 Agosti 2020}}</ref> == Kazi ya kitabibu == Baada ya kufaulu Mtihani wa kuhitimu shule ya sekondari mwaka 1872, Malm alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Tiba mwaka 1880, akawa daktari wa mifugo mwaka 1889, na kupata Shahada ya Uzamivu ya Tiba mwaka 1894.<ref name="nsd">{{cite web |url=[https://nsd.no/polsys/index.cfm?MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11955](https://nsd.no/polsys/index.cfm?MenuItem=N1_1&ChildItem=&State=collapse&UttakNr=33&person=11955) |website=nsd.no |title=Ole Olsen Malm |language=no |access-date=31 Agosti 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1854|1917}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 504rmry247o3gdlm06ut5e2esmfjmbc 0 238775 1550513 2026-05-26T01:43:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amanullah Khan Barakzai'''(1 Juni 1892 – 26 Aprili 1960) alikuwa Emirati ya [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1926, na kisha Ufalme wa Afghanistan na Mfalme wa Afghanistan kuanzia mwaka 1926 hadi alipojiuzulu mnamo 1929. Baada ya kumalizika kwa Vita vya Tatu vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan mnamo Agosti 1919, Afghanistan iliweza kujiondoa katika hali ya kuwa Chini ya ulinzi wa Uingerez na dola chini ya ulinzi wa Uingereza na kutangaza uhuru wake,...' 1550513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amanullah Khan Barakzai'''(1 Juni 1892 – 26 Aprili 1960) alikuwa Emirati ya [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1926, na kisha Ufalme wa Afghanistan na Mfalme wa Afghanistan kuanzia mwaka 1926 hadi alipojiuzulu mnamo 1929. Baada ya kumalizika kwa Vita vya Tatu vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan mnamo Agosti 1919, Afghanistan iliweza kujiondoa katika hali ya kuwa Chini ya ulinzi wa Uingerez na dola chini ya ulinzi wa Uingereza na kutangaza uhuru wake, na hivyo kufuata Sera ya kigeni|sera huru ya kigeni bila kuingiliwa na [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] (Uingereza). Utawala wake uligubikwa na mabadiliko makubwa ya kisiasa na kijamii, ikiwa ni pamoja na majaribio ya kuifanya [[Afghanistan]] kuwa ya kisasa kwa kufuata misingi ya nchi za Magharibi.<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=AMĀNALLĀH |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |location=United States |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amanallah-1892-1961-ruler-of-afghanistan-1919-29-first-with-the-title-of-amir-and-from-1926-on-with-that-of-shah |last=Poullada |first=L. B. |edition=Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG150230 |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref> Hakufanikiwa kikamilifu kufikia lengo hili kutokana na maasi yaliyoanzishwa na [[Habibullah Kalakani]] pamoja na wafuasi wake. Mnamo tarehe 14 Januari 1929, Amanullah alijiuzulu na kukimbilia nchi jirani ya [[Uhindi ya Kiingereza]] wakati Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929)| vilipoanza kushamiri. Kutoka Uhindi ya Kiingereza, alielekea [[Ulaya]] ambapo baada ya miaka 30 ya kuishi uhamishoni, alifariki dunia huko [[Zürich]], Uswisi,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=Amānullāh Khan {{!}} ruler of Afghanistan {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amanullah-Khan |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG150230 |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref> mnamo tarehe 26 Aprili 1960. Mwili wake ulirejeshwa [[Afghanistan]] na kuzikwa mjini [[Jalalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Asia|url=https://www.bl.uk/subjects/central-asia|access-date=2020-09-19|website=The British Library}}</ref> karibu na kaburi la baba yake, [[Habibullah Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Qazi |first1=Abdullah |date=2001 |title=Biography of Amanullah Khan |url=https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-amanullah-khan/ |website=Afghanistan Online}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1892|1960}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] g758yfuzaoqkv1s2zdvarqm9o4c57n8 0 238776 1550514 2026-05-26T01:43:46Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johan Frederik von Marschalck''' (26 Novemba 1618 – 16 Machi 1679) alikuwa afisa wa serikali na mmiliki wa ardhi mwenye asili ya Ujerumani aliyefanya kazi nchini [[Norway]]. Alitumikia kama Kansela wa mwisho wa Norway, akimaliza utaratibu uliodumu kwa zaidi ya miaka 400.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johan Frederik von Marschalck|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor-last=Godal|editor-first=Anne Marit|publisher=Norsk nettleksikon|loc...' 1550514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johan Frederik von Marschalck''' (26 Novemba 1618 – 16 Machi 1679) alikuwa afisa wa serikali na mmiliki wa ardhi mwenye asili ya Ujerumani aliyefanya kazi nchini [[Norway]]. Alitumikia kama Kansela wa mwisho wa Norway, akimaliza utaratibu uliodumu kwa zaidi ya miaka 400.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johan Frederik von Marschalck|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor-last=Godal|editor-first=Anne Marit|publisher=Norsk nettleksikon|location=Oslo|url=[http://snl.no/Johan_Frederik_von_Marschalck|language=Kinorwei|access-date=19](http://snl.no/Johan_Frederik_von_Marschalck|language=Kinorwei|access-date=19) Februari 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] tn9opteayerib9uhx80huk4h0tibjra 0 238777 1550515 2026-05-26T01:46:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wilhelm Eger Matheson''' (amezaliwa 5 Mei 1955) ni Jaji wa Mahakama ya Juu ya [[Norwei|Norway]] (Mahakama ya Juu ya Norway). Matheson alishika wadhifa huo kuanzia Novemba 2009.<ref name="Domstol.no">{{cite web |url=[http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Article____21627.aspx?epslanguage=NO](http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Article____21627.aspx?epslanguage=NO) |title=Mahojiano na Wilhelm Eger Matheson |website=Domstol.no |language=no |access-date=28 Januar...' 1550515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilhelm Eger Matheson''' (amezaliwa 5 Mei 1955) ni Jaji wa Mahakama ya Juu ya [[Norwei|Norway]] (Mahakama ya Juu ya Norway). Matheson alishika wadhifa huo kuanzia Novemba 2009.<ref name="Domstol.no">{{cite web |url=[http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Article____21627.aspx?epslanguage=NO](http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Article____21627.aspx?epslanguage=NO) |title=Mahojiano na Wilhelm Eger Matheson |website=Domstol.no |language=no |access-date=28 Januari 2011}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa mjini [[Oslo]].<ref name="SNL">{{cite web |url=[http://www.snl.no/Wilhelm_Eger_Matheson](http://www.snl.no/Wilhelm_Eger_Matheson) |title=Wilhelm Eger Matheson |website=Store norske leksikon |language=no |access-date=28 Januari 2011}}</ref> Alitalikiana mara moja na baadaye akaoa tena; kila ndoa ilizaa watoto wawili.<ref name="Advokatbladet">{{cite web |url=[http://www.advokatbladet.no/Profiler/Matheson-Wilhelm-2009-11/](http://www.advokatbladet.no/Profiler/Matheson-Wilhelm-2009-11/) |title=Mahojiano na Wilhelm Matheson |website=Advokatbladet.no |date=13 Novemba 2009 |language=no |access-date=28 Januari 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] eo159t8l037j3alllxjap5mr2pj3kjs 0 238778 1550516 2026-05-26T01:46:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aziza Gardizi''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Pamoja na [[Homeira Seljuqi]], alikuwa mmojawapo wa Maseneta wa kike wawili wa kwanza kuteuliwa mnamo mwaka 1965. == Wasifu == Kufuatia Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1965 ambao ulikuwa wa kwanza kwa wanawake kuruhusiwa kupiga kura na kugombea nafasi za uongozi, Gardizi na Seljuqi waliteuliwa kuwa Maseneta na Mfalme [[Mohammed Zahir Shah]],<ref name=HE>Hafizullah Emadi (2008) [https://crossas...' 1550516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aziza Gardizi''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Pamoja na [[Homeira Seljuqi]], alikuwa mmojawapo wa Maseneta wa kike wawili wa kwanza kuteuliwa mnamo mwaka 1965. == Wasifu == Kufuatia Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1965 ambao ulikuwa wa kwanza kwa wanawake kuruhusiwa kupiga kura na kugombea nafasi za uongozi, Gardizi na Seljuqi waliteuliwa kuwa Maseneta na Mfalme [[Mohammed Zahir Shah]],<ref name=HE>Hafizullah Emadi (2008) [https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/iaf/article/download/105/100 "Establishment of Afghanistan’s Parliament and the Role of Women Parliamentarians Retrospect and Prospects"] ''[[International Quarterly for Asian Studies|Internationales Asienforum]]'', Volume 39, number 1–2, pp5–19</ref><ref>[https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/48-afghanistan-women-and-reconstruction.pdf Afghanistan: Women and reconstruction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924201506/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/48-afghanistan-women-and-reconstruction.pdf |date=2021-09-24 }} International Crisis Group</ref> huku wanawake wanne wakichaguliwa kuingia katika Baraza la Watu (Bunge la Chini).<ref>Hafizullah Emadi (2002) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CPVZo2FF5fkC&pg=PA85 Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan]'' p85</ref> Aliteuliwa tena katika Seneti kufuatia Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1969.<ref name=HE/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] orueph14071qufspx3t8njjhk98diz1 0 238779 1550518 2026-05-26T01:49:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shir Giyan''' alihudumu kama [[Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistan|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Emirati ya Afghanistan (1929)|Emirati ya Afghanistan]] kuanzia Januari 1929 hadi tarehe 1 Novemba 1929.{{Dubious|Deep rabbithole|date=March 2025}} Nafasi yake ilitanguliwa na [[Shir Ahmad]] na ilichukuliwa na [[Mohammad Hashim Khan]] baada ya kupinduliwa.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/ministerafghan.htm Afghanistan ministers]</ref> Alifariki dunia mnamo mwaka 1929. ==...' 1550518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shir Giyan''' alihudumu kama [[Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistan|Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Emirati ya Afghanistan (1929)|Emirati ya Afghanistan]] kuanzia Januari 1929 hadi tarehe 1 Novemba 1929.{{Dubious|Deep rabbithole|date=March 2025}} Nafasi yake ilitanguliwa na [[Shir Ahmad]] na ilichukuliwa na [[Mohammad Hashim Khan]] baada ya kupinduliwa.<ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~league/ministerafghan.htm Afghanistan ministers]</ref> Alifariki dunia mnamo mwaka 1929. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 9y50aastfqievk630wwc5rpyh5qcknt 0 238780 1550519 2026-05-26T01:54:10Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gulbuddin Hekmatyar'''(alizaliwa 1 Agosti 1949)<ref>{{cite web|title=Security Council ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Removes One Entry from Its Sanctions List Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12705.doc.htm|access-date=2021-08-24|website=www.un.org}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa Afghanistan, na aliyekuwa kamanda wa Wamujahidina wa Afghanistan na mlanguzi wa Biashara haramu ya dawa za kulevya. Yeye ndiy...' 1550519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gulbuddin Hekmatyar'''(alizaliwa 1 Agosti 1949)<ref>{{cite web|title=Security Council ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Removes One Entry from Its Sanctions List Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12705.doc.htm|access-date=2021-08-24|website=www.un.org}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa Afghanistan, na aliyekuwa kamanda wa Wamujahidina wa Afghanistan na mlanguzi wa Biashara haramu ya dawa za kulevya. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na kiongozi wa sasa wa chama cha kisiasa cha [[Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin]], kilichopewa jina hilo baada ya [[Mohammad Yunus Khalis]] kujitenga kutoka [[Hezbi Islami]] mnamo 1979 na kuanzisha [[Hezb-i Islami Khalis]].<ref name=HumanRightsWatchAfghanCivilWars>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/afghan2/Afghan0701-01.htm#P325_88217|title=Afghanistan's Civil Wars: Violations by United Front Factions|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|access-date=2007-03-17}} Alihudumu mara mbili kama Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistankatika miaka ya 1990. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 6ga6fsuxkxoamoz8aopzh299o4la4o4 1550529 1550519 2026-05-26T02:06:14Z Egipa 87700 1550529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gulbuddin Hekmatyar'''(alizaliwa 1 Agosti 1949)<ref>{{cite web|title=Security Council ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Removes One Entry from Its Sanctions List Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12705.doc.htm|access-date=2021-08-24|website=www.un.org}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan|Afghanistan,]] na aliyekuwa kamanda wa Wamujahidina wa Afghanistan na mlanguzi wa Biashara haramu ya dawa za kulevya. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na kiongozi wa sasa wa chama cha kisiasa cha [[Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin]], kilichopewa jina hilo baada ya [[Mohammad Yunus Khalis]] kujitenga kutoka [[Hezbi Islami]] mnamo 1979 na kuanzisha [[Hezb-i Islami Khalis]].<ref name=HumanRightsWatchAfghanCivilWars>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/afghan2/Afghan0701-01.htm#P325_88217|title=Afghanistan's Civil Wars: Violations by United Front Factions|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|access-date=2007-03-17}} Alihudumu mara mbili kama Mawaziri Wakuu wa Afghanistankatika miaka ya 1990. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] qvpr5clydbqgxzeykzt85dhaw08bren 0 238781 1550520 2026-05-26T01:54:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jørgen Henrik Meinich''' (24 Machi 1820 – 8 Septemba 1911) alikuwa mwanasheria na mfanyabiashara wa viwanda wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Søndre Land akiwa mtoto wa hakimu wa wilaya Jens Christian Meinich (1787–1855) na Lisa Berg (1795–1824). Alikuwa ndugu wa Hans Thomas Meinich. Mwezi Novemba 1847 mjini Christiania alioa Claudine Birgitte Gulbranson (1823–1852), binti wa Hans Gulbranson na dada wa kambo wa Carl August Gulbranson. Wa...' 1550520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jørgen Henrik Meinich''' (24 Machi 1820 – 8 Septemba 1911) alikuwa mwanasheria na mfanyabiashara wa viwanda wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Søndre Land akiwa mtoto wa hakimu wa wilaya Jens Christian Meinich (1787–1855) na Lisa Berg (1795–1824). Alikuwa ndugu wa Hans Thomas Meinich. Mwezi Novemba 1847 mjini Christiania alioa Claudine Birgitte Gulbranson (1823–1852), binti wa Hans Gulbranson na dada wa kambo wa Carl August Gulbranson. Wao walimlea kwa kuasili Jens Bratlie. Alikulia katika shamba la kifahari Kronviken. Alisoma shule mjini Skien na kumaliza elimu ya sekondari mwaka 1839, kisha akasoma sheria na kupata shahada ya Uzamili ya Sheria mwaka 1845. Baada ya kipindi cha kuwa hakimu msaidizi katika Mahakama ya Ringerike, alifanya kazi katika Wizara ya Fedha ya Norway hadi 1853. Baadaye alikaa katika mali ya Bjølsen kando ya mto Akerselva. Alikuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa maendeleo ya sekta ya usindikaji wa mbao nchini Norway na matumizi ya nguvu za maji (hydropower) katika viwanda. Alianzisha kiwanda cha pili cha majimaji ya mbao (pulp mill) nchini Norway, Bjørsheim Træsliiberie, mwaka 1865. Pia alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na mwenyekiti wa kwanza wa chama Akerselvens Brugseierforening kuanzia 1866 hadi 1891. Alikuwa pia mmiliki mwenza wa kampuni za Bentse Brug na Nydalens Compagnie. Katika Nydalens Compagnie alikuwa mjumbe wa bodi kuanzia 1868 hadi kifo chake mwaka 1911, na alihudumu kama mwenyekiti kuanzia 1896.<ref>{{cite book |title=Nydalens Compagnie 100 år 1845–1945 |year=1945 |publisher=Thau Reklamebyrå |location=Oslo |language=no |page=50}}</ref> Nje ya eneo la Aker, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kwanza wa Ekers og Giethuus Papirfabriker ilipoanzishwa kama kampuni ya hisa mwaka 1873, na aliendelea kushika nafasi hiyo hadi kifo chake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1820|1911}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 90rrvs7j7mn8toxgyt9jtipj87c5h5l 0 238782 1550521 2026-05-26T01:57:14Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Niels Hanssøn Meng''' (1604 – Agosti 1676) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa mbao, mmiliki wa mali na kiongozi wa kijamii kutoka [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Niels_Hansen_Meng](https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Niels_Hansen_Meng) |title=Niels Hansen Meng |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no |access-date=1 Julai 2017}}</ref> Meng alizaliwa katika Fredrikstad katika mkoa wa [[Østfold]], Norway. Alikuwa mmoja wa wafa...' 1550521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niels Hanssøn Meng''' (1604 – Agosti 1676) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa mbao, mmiliki wa mali na kiongozi wa kijamii kutoka [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Niels_Hansen_Meng](https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/Niels_Hansen_Meng) |title=Niels Hansen Meng |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no |access-date=1 Julai 2017}}</ref> Meng alizaliwa katika Fredrikstad katika mkoa wa [[Østfold]], Norway. Alikuwa mmoja wa wafanyabiashara wakubwa wa mbao mjini humo, akapata utajiri mkubwa na kumiliki mashamba mengi kadhaa. Karibu mwaka 1640 alihamia kuishi Halden na akaongeza mali zake katika maeneo ya Båhuslen na Follo.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Niels Hanssøn Meng|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|editor-last=Godal|editor-first=Anne Marit|publisher=Norsk nettleksikon|location=Oslo|url=[http://snl.no/Niels_Hanssøn_Meng|language=Kinorwei|access-date=19](http://snl.no/Niels_Hanssøn_Meng|language=Kinorwei|access-date=19) Februari 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] lbe7voz48yee1sop0b9o9fxjubhohvo 0 238783 1550522 2026-05-26T01:59:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Keith John Kingston Roberts''' ([[Septemba 20]], [[1935]] – [[Oktoba 5]], [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa hadithi za sayansi za kubuniwa.<ref name="fbc">Cox, F. Brett. "Keith Roberts". ''British fantasy and science-fiction writers since 1960''. 261 (2002): 336.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]]' 1550522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith John Kingston Roberts''' ([[Septemba 20]], [[1935]] – [[Oktoba 5]], [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa hadithi za sayansi za kubuniwa.<ref name="fbc">Cox, F. Brett. "Keith Roberts". ''British fantasy and science-fiction writers since 1960''. 261 (2002): 336.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] b3w9aq1mgwytsr5ogfm0r6i3h4tq1pr 0 238784 1550523 2026-05-26T02:00:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Inayatullah Khan Barakzai''' (20 Oktoba 1888 – 12 Agosti 1946) alikuwa [[Mfalme wa Afghanistan]] kwa muda wa siku tatu mnamo Januari 1929. Alikuwa mtoto wa aliyekuwa [[Emiri]] wa Afghanistan, [[Habibullah Khan]]. Utawala mfupi wa Inayatullah uliisha baada ya yeye Kujiuzulu|kujiuzulu kiti cha ufalme. Khan alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Wapashtun]]. Katikati ya usiku wa tarehe 14 Januari 1929, [[Amanullah Khan]] alimkabidhi kaka yake Inayatullah Khan ki...' 1550523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inayatullah Khan Barakzai''' (20 Oktoba 1888 – 12 Agosti 1946) alikuwa [[Mfalme wa Afghanistan]] kwa muda wa siku tatu mnamo Januari 1929. Alikuwa mtoto wa aliyekuwa [[Emiri]] wa Afghanistan, [[Habibullah Khan]]. Utawala mfupi wa Inayatullah uliisha baada ya yeye Kujiuzulu|kujiuzulu kiti cha ufalme. Khan alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Wapashtun]]. Katikati ya usiku wa tarehe 14 Januari 1929, [[Amanullah Khan]] alimkabidhi kaka yake Inayatullah Khan kiti cha ufalme na kujaribu kutoroka kwa siri kutoka [[Kabul]] kuelekea [[Kandahar]]. [[Habibullāh Kalakāni]] pamoja na wafuasi wake walifuata nyuma gari la Amanullah aina ya [[Rolls-Royce Motors|Rolls-Royce]] kwa kutumia farasi, lakini Amanullah alifanikiwa kutoroka. Baada ya Mfalme kuondoka, Kalakani alimwandikia barua Inayatullah akimtaka ajisalimishe au ajiandae kwa vita. Jibu la Inayatullah lilikuwa kwamba hakuwahi kutafuta wala kutamani kuwa mfalme, na alikubali kujiuzulu na kumtangaza Kalakani kama mfalme mnamo tarehe 17 Januari 1929. Inayatullah Uhamisho wa anga wa Kabul wa 1928–1929|aliondolewa kwa ndege kutoka Kabul na Jeshi la Anga la Kifalme la Uingereza ([[Royal Air Force]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/news.cfm?storyid=61000209-1143-EC82-2E0C0B370FF5975C |title=RAF 'Heroes of Kabul': 80th Anniversary. Royal Air Force official website |access-date=1 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105100244/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news.cfm?storyid=61000209-1143-EC82-2E0C0B370FF5975C |archive-date=5 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> na kutumia salio la maisha yake uhamishoni. Mnamo Agosti 1929, wakati wa Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929), kulikuwa na uvumi mjini Kabul kwamba rupia zenye jina la Inayatullah zilikuwa zikisambazwa miongoni mwa vikosi vilivyopingana na Kalakani. Hali hii iliwapelekea baadhi ya watu kuamini kwamba Inayatullah alikuwa ameanza kupigania kiti cha ufalme cha Afghanistan. Hata hivyo, hakuna kilichotokea kutokana na jambo hilo, na uvumi huo ulitoweka haraka.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJpXJXOno9IC|title=Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising|last1=Muḥammad|first1=Fayz̤|last2=Hazārah|first2=Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib|date=1999|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=9781558761551|pages=232, 233|language=en}}</ref> Inayatullah alibaki nchini [[Iran]] hadi kifo chake kilipotokea mjini [[Tehran]] mnamo mwaka 1946. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1946}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 6kyn9hoex70g6zozt4n5lg1ei2rxu01 1550528 1550523 2026-05-26T02:05:15Z Egipa 87700 1550528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inayatullah Khan Barakzai''' (20 Oktoba 1888 – 12 Agosti 1946) alikuwa [[Mfalme wa Afghanistan]] kwa muda wa siku tatu mnamo Januari 1929. Alikuwa mtoto wa aliyekuwa [[Emiri]] wa [[Afghanistan]], [[Habibullah Khan]]. Utawala mfupi wa Inayatullah uliisha baada ya yeye Kujiuzulu|kujiuzulu kiti cha ufalme. Khan alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Wapashtun]]. Katikati ya usiku wa tarehe 14 Januari 1929, [[Amanullah Khan]] alimkabidhi kaka yake Inayatullah Khan kiti cha ufalme na kujaribu kutoroka kwa siri kutoka [[Kabul]] kuelekea [[Kandahar]]. [[Habibullāh Kalakāni]] pamoja na wafuasi wake walifuata nyuma gari la Amanullah aina ya [[Rolls-Royce Motors|Rolls-Royce]] kwa kutumia farasi, lakini Amanullah alifanikiwa kutoroka. Baada ya Mfalme kuondoka, Kalakani alimwandikia barua Inayatullah akimtaka ajisalimishe au ajiandae kwa vita. Jibu la Inayatullah lilikuwa kwamba hakuwahi kutafuta wala kutamani kuwa mfalme, na alikubali kujiuzulu na kumtangaza Kalakani kama mfalme mnamo tarehe 17 Januari 1929. Inayatullah Uhamisho wa anga wa Kabul wa 1928–1929|aliondolewa kwa ndege kutoka Kabul na Jeshi la Anga la Kifalme la Uingereza ([[Royal Air Force]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/news.cfm?storyid=61000209-1143-EC82-2E0C0B370FF5975C |title=RAF 'Heroes of Kabul': 80th Anniversary. Royal Air Force official website |access-date=1 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105100244/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news.cfm?storyid=61000209-1143-EC82-2E0C0B370FF5975C |archive-date=5 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> na kutumia salio la maisha yake uhamishoni. Mnamo Agosti 1929, wakati wa Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929), kulikuwa na uvumi mjini Kabul kwamba rupia zenye jina la Inayatullah zilikuwa zikisambazwa miongoni mwa vikosi vilivyopingana na Kalakani. Hali hii iliwapelekea baadhi ya watu kuamini kwamba Inayatullah alikuwa ameanza kupigania kiti cha ufalme cha Afghanistan. Hata hivyo, hakuna kilichotokea kutokana na jambo hilo, na uvumi huo ulitoweka haraka.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJpXJXOno9IC|title=Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising|last1=Muḥammad|first1=Fayz̤|last2=Hazārah|first2=Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib|date=1999|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=9781558761551|pages=232, 233|language=en}}</ref> Inayatullah alibaki nchini [[Iran]] hadi kifo chake kilipotokea mjini [[Tehran]] mnamo mwaka 1946. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1946}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] ttn519m72r0613jh2ktoyjzig0if8v2 0 238785 1550524 2026-05-26T02:00:14Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ola H. Metliaas''' (30 Januari 1943 – 5 Aprili 2005) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Orkdal Municipality, na alikuwa na historia ya uongozi katika Young Liberals of Norway, tawi la vijana la Chama cha Liberal, ambako alikuwa mwenyekiti kuanzia 1966 hadi 1968. Mwaka 1972 alikuwa mkurugenzi mkuu wa Ja til EF, shirika lililounga mkono uanachama wa Norway katika European Community. Swala hilo liliwekwa kwenye...' 1550524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ola H. Metliaas''' (30 Januari 1943 – 5 Aprili 2005) alikuwa mtumishi wa umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Norwei|Norway]]. Alizaliwa katika Orkdal Municipality, na alikuwa na historia ya uongozi katika Young Liberals of Norway, tawi la vijana la Chama cha Liberal, ambako alikuwa mwenyekiti kuanzia 1966 hadi 1968. Mwaka 1972 alikuwa mkurugenzi mkuu wa Ja til EF, shirika lililounga mkono uanachama wa Norway katika European Community. Swala hilo liliwekwa kwenye kura ya maoni ya mwaka 1972, lakini lilishindwa, na Metliaas akajiunga na Liberal People's Party, kilichojitenga na Chama cha Liberal kutokana na mgogoro huo.<ref name="snl">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ola H. Metliaas |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |editor=Henriksen, Petter |url=[http://www.snl.no/Ola_H._Metliaas](http://www.snl.no/Ola_H._Metliaas) |language=no |access-date=7 Juni 2010}}</ref> Baadaye Metliaas alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa Statens Attføringsinstitutt kuanzia 1979 hadi 1983, katika Norwegian Directorate of Labour kuanzia 1983 hadi 1988, katika Ullevål University Hospital kuanzia 1989 hadi 1996, katika Norwegian Refugee Council kuanzia 1997 hadi 1999, na katika Hospitali ya Elverum kuanzia 1999 hadi alipofariki.<ref name="snl" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|2005}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]] 67sai7e8csxni51p18vlss9ker0fjm3 0 238786 1550525 2026-05-26T02:02:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles de Sousy Ricketts''' ([[Oktoba 2]], [[1866]] – [[Oktoba 7]], [[1931]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], [[mchoraji]] picha, [[mwandishi]], na mchapishaji wa [[Uingereza]], aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake kama mbunifu wa vitabu na mpiga chapa, na kwa miundo yake ya mavazi na mandhari kwa ajili ya tamthilia na opera.<ref>[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw05336/Charles-de-Sousy-Ricketts "Charles de Sousy Ricketts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web...' 1550525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles de Sousy Ricketts''' ([[Oktoba 2]], [[1866]] – [[Oktoba 7]], [[1931]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], [[mchoraji]] picha, [[mwandishi]], na mchapishaji wa [[Uingereza]], aliyejulikana kwa kazi yake kama mbunifu wa vitabu na mpiga chapa, na kwa miundo yake ya mavazi na mandhari kwa ajili ya tamthilia na opera.<ref>[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw05336/Charles-de-Sousy-Ricketts "Charles de Sousy Ricketts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104034715/http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw05336/Charles-de-Sousy-Ricketts |date=4 January 2016 }}, National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 1 November 2019</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1866]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1931]] lchbdsgla8g5k5rbq6jq8wuko4973vv 0 238787 1550526 2026-05-26T02:03:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sardar Jai Singh Fani''' (1941–1977) alikuwa [[Kalasinga|Msikh]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika Bunge la [[Afghanistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Anwesha |title=Identity and Marginality in India: Settlement Experience of Afghan Migrants |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=9781138607965 |series=Routledge Contemporary South Asia series |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref> Alishinda kiti katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1969.<ref...' 1550526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardar Jai Singh Fani''' (1941–1977) alikuwa [[Kalasinga|Msikh]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika Bunge la [[Afghanistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Anwesha |title=Identity and Marginality in India: Settlement Experience of Afghan Migrants |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=9781138607965 |series=Routledge Contemporary South Asia series |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref> Alishinda kiti katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge wa Afghanistan wa 1969.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|1977}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] pf30ckmwpwxw46xjhesyohxjx2lakvh 0 238788 1550530 2026-05-26T02:08:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Renton''' ([[Januari 1]], [[1934]] – [[Julai 15]], [[2001]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi katika [[uchongaji]] wa mbao , uchongaji wa mawe , uandishi wa alama , na uandishi wa herufi<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nash |first1=John R. |title=Obituaries: Michael Renton |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/michael-renton-9175439.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=23 July 2001 |language=e...' 1550530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Renton''' ([[Januari 1]], [[1934]] – [[Julai 15]], [[2001]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi katika [[uchongaji]] wa mbao , uchongaji wa mawe , uandishi wa alama , na uandishi wa herufi<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nash |first1=John R. |title=Obituaries: Michael Renton |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/michael-renton-9175439.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=23 July 2001 |language=en}}</ref>. Alifanya kwa miaka mitano kwa wachongaji Slingers huko [[London]], akijifunza kuchonga picha kwa ajili ya katalogi za vyombo vya kisayansi. Alijulikana kwa kazi zake za uandishi wa herufi kwenye mawe ya kaburi, na alijichongea kaburi lake mwenyewe lenye maandishi: "Remember MR Maker of memorials to several others and of this one to himself." Alikuwa mwanachama wa ''Letter Exchange'' na ''Double Crown Club''. Alifariki [[Winchester]], [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Letters to yourself: Michael Renton: Art On Paper |url=https://www.artonpaper.gallery/2023/03/28/letters-to-yourself-michael-renton/ |publisher=Art on Paper |access-date=27 August 2023 |date=28 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Lovett">{{cite web |last1=Lovett |first1=Patricia |author-link=Patricia Lovett|title=His Hands Magic – Michael Renton|url=https://www.patricialovett.com/his-hands-magic-michael-renton/ |website=Patricia Lovett |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harvey |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael Harvey (lettering artist)|title=Michael Renton |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/jul/26/guardianobituaries1 |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=26 July 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title='His Hands Magic': Michael Renton (1934-2001) |date=2015 |publisher=The Lettering & Commemorative Arts Trust |isbn=9780951571187}}</ref><ref name="Renton book abridged">{{cite web |last1=Behrens |first1=Charlie |title=Michael Renton: His Hands Magic (abridged digital preview copy) |url=https://issuu.com/plethora/docs/his.hands.magic.printready._abridge |website=Issuu |publisher=Charlie Behrens/The Lettering & Commemorative Arts Trust |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fleuss |first1=Gerald |title=Michael Renton: notes and observations on a commissioned job |journal=The Edward Johnston Foundation Journal |url=http://www.ejf.org.uk/Resources/Renton.pdf |access-date=21 September 2023 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029080942/http://www.ejf.org.uk/Resources/Renton.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] fgcph2zc3pxvyblj7w3fxk289ki7l4i 0 238789 1550531 2026-05-26T02:08:54Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jehandad Khan''' (alifariki 1914) alikuwa emiri muasi wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyetawala katika eneo la [[Khost]] pekee kwa wiki chache. Alizaliwa kama mwanachama wa kabila la [[Ghilji|Ghilzai]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=AFGHANISTAN, BRITAIN AND RUSSIA 1905 - 21|last=Hale|first=W.|year=1966|pages=16, 17, 18}}</ref> na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake kama [[Chifu|mkuu wa kabila]].<ref name=":1" /> Baada ya kuanza kwa Maasi ya Khost (1912)|maasi...' 1550531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jehandad Khan''' (alifariki 1914) alikuwa emiri muasi wa [[Afghanistan]] aliyetawala katika eneo la [[Khost]] pekee kwa wiki chache. Alizaliwa kama mwanachama wa kabila la [[Ghilji|Ghilzai]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=AFGHANISTAN, BRITAIN AND RUSSIA 1905 - 21|last=Hale|first=W.|year=1966|pages=16, 17, 18}}</ref> na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake kama [[Chifu|mkuu wa kabila]].<ref name=":1" /> Baada ya kuanza kwa [[Maasi ya Khost (1912)|maasi ya Khost]] mnamo tarehe 2 Mei 1912,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83786|title=Britannica Year-book, 1913 -: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopaedia Britannica|last=Chisholm|first=Hugh|date=1913|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|language=en}}**A wikilink to an article on [Afghanistan] in EB1922 is not available**</ref> alidai kiti cha ufalme cha Afghanistan kwa muda mfupi kupinga utawala wa [[Habibullah Khan]],<ref name=":1" /> lakini mashambulizi kutoka kwa [[Muhammad Nadir Khan]] yalimlazimu kukimbilia [[Uhindi ya Kiingereza]] (British Raj) kabla ya mwisho wa mwezi huo huo.<ref name=":1" /> Jehandad alipowasili nchini India, alipewa chaguo la kurejea Afghanistan mara moja au kubaki India, na alichagua kubaki India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Summary of the Administration of Lord Hardinge of Penhurst, November 1910 – March 1916|pages=93, 94}}</ref> Kisha aliomba mamlaka za Kiingereza kuingilia kati kijeshi nchini Afghanistan ili kusaidia maasi hayo, lakini hakufanikiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Baadaye mnamo 1912, Jehandad alifanikiwa kurejea Afghanistan, ambapo alikamatwa, akafikishwa mahakamani, akahukumiwa adhabu ya kifo na kunyongwa kwa kupigwa risasi na kikosi cha wanajeshi<ref name=":2" /> mnamo mwaka 1914.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64CQAAAAMAAJ|title=British documents on foreign affairs--reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print: From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East|last1=Yapp|first1=Malcolm|last2=Preston|first2=Paul|last3=Partridge|first3=Michael|date=1999|publisher=University Publications of America|isbn=978-1-55655-765-1|pages=33|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||1914}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] 7k5rei9fo2ufngam2aazfrrtsnecw51 0 238790 1550532 2026-05-26T02:10:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edward Tennyson Reed''' ([[Machi 27]], [[1860]] – [[Julai 12]], [[1933]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] katuni wa kisiasa na picha wa [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana hasa kwa katuni zake katika jarida la ''Punch''. Alianza kuchora kwa ''Punch'' mwaka [[1889]] na akabaki mchangiaji hadi kifo chake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/11284/edward-tennyson-reed-artist/|title = Edward Tennyson Reed: Artist|date = 23 July 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo =...' 1550532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Tennyson Reed''' ([[Machi 27]], [[1860]] – [[Julai 12]], [[1933]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] katuni wa kisiasa na picha wa [[Uingereza]], anayejulikana hasa kwa katuni zake katika jarida la ''Punch''. Alianza kuchora kwa ''Punch'' mwaka [[1889]] na akabaki mchangiaji hadi kifo chake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/11284/edward-tennyson-reed-artist/|title = Edward Tennyson Reed: Artist|date = 23 July 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1860]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1933]] o0d5ry96fd8st4bzelq8dd0s8ci4n4u 0 238791 1550533 2026-05-26T02:15:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eric William Ravilious''' ([[Julai 22]], [[1903]] – [[Septemba 2]], [[1942]]) alikuwa mbunifu, [[mchoraji]] picha wa vitabu, na [[mchongaji]] wa mbao wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="Grdn">{{cite news |last1=Armitstead |first1=Claire |title='He died in his 30s living the life he had dreamed of': artist Eric Ravilious |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/24/he-died-in-his-30s-living-the-life-he-had-dreamed-of-artist-eric-ravilious |access-date=24...' 1550533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric William Ravilious''' ([[Julai 22]], [[1903]] – [[Septemba 2]], [[1942]]) alikuwa mbunifu, [[mchoraji]] picha wa vitabu, na [[mchongaji]] wa mbao wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="Grdn">{{cite news |last1=Armitstead |first1=Claire |title='He died in his 30s living the life he had dreamed of': artist Eric Ravilious |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/24/he-died-in-his-30s-living-the-life-he-had-dreamed-of-artist-eric-ravilious |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1903]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] 3g1bxbmf09rt7jk0y6s5u0ap5ea0up8 0 238792 1550534 2026-05-26T02:21:48Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Habibullah Kalakani'''(alizaliwa kama '''Habibullah Khan'''; 19 Januari 1891 – 1 Novemba 1929), aliyejulikana kwa jina la cheo kama '''Habibullah Khan III''', na kwa jina la kashfa<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rouland |first=Michael |title=Great Game To 9/11 |publisher=Air Force History and Museum Program |year=214 |isbn=9781508577218 |location=Washington DC |pages=22 |language=English}}</ref> kama "''pia [[Kiroma|huchorwa kwa herufi za Kiroma]] kama "''Bach...' 1550534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habibullah Kalakani'''(alizaliwa kama '''Habibullah Khan'''; 19 Januari 1891 – 1 Novemba 1929), aliyejulikana kwa jina la cheo kama '''Habibullah Khan III''', na kwa jina la kashfa<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rouland |first=Michael |title=Great Game To 9/11 |publisher=Air Force History and Museum Program |year=214 |isbn=9781508577218 |location=Washington DC |pages=22 |language=English}}</ref> kama "''pia [[Kiroma|huchorwa kwa herufi za Kiroma]] kama "''Bachai Sakao''", yaani [[Tafsiri ya neno kwa neno|kwa maana halisi]] ''Mtoto wa Mteka Maji''; <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAČČA-YE SAQQĀ |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bacca-ye-saqqa/ |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/context-culture/who-was-king-habibullah-ii-a-query-from-the-literature/|title=Who Was King Habibullah II? A query from the literature|date=2016-09-16|website=Afghanistan Analysts Network - English|language=ps-GB|access-date=2020-04-05|quote=Habibullah’s enemies, at the time, derided him for his relatively humble origins and called him Bacha-ye Saqao (Son of the Water Carrier) and “Bandit King.”}}</ref> alikuwa Wakuu wa Nchi wa [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia tarehe 17 Januari hadi tarehe 13 Oktoba 1929, na kiongozi wa zamani wa [[Wasaqqawist]]. Wakati wa Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929), aliteka maeneo makubwa ya Afghanistan na kutawala [[Kabul]] katika kipindi kinachojulikana katika historia ya Afghanistan kama "Kipindi cha Wasaqqawist".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Muḥammad|first1=Fayz̤|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A4_jAAAAMAAJ|title=Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising|last2=McChesney|first2=R. D.|date=1999|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=978-1-55876-154-4|pages=81|language=en}}</ref> Hakuna nchi yoyote iliyomtambua Kalakani kama mtawala halali wa Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Muḥammad|first1=Fayz̤|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJpXJXOno9IC|title=Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising|last2=Hazārah|first2=Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib|last3=Muḥammad|first3=Faiḍ|date=1999|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=978-1-55876-155-1|pages=236|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1929}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] g4mwripx28n1fo2e78u0wijhbu7fyzv 0 238793 1550535 2026-05-26T02:24:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Linda Ravenscroft''' (alizaliwa [[1963]] huko Cheshire, [[Uingereza]]) ni [[msanii]] ,[[mchoraji]] na [[mwandishi]] aliyejifundisha mwenyewe anayejulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji na michoro yake ya mada za fantasia. Kazi yake iliathiriwa na [[William Morris]] na watu wa wakati wake, na pia na wachoraji wa kisasa zaidi kama [[Brian Froud]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindaravenscroft.com/ |title=Home |website=lindaravenscroft.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{...' 1550535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Ravenscroft''' (alizaliwa [[1963]] huko Cheshire, [[Uingereza]]) ni [[msanii]] ,[[mchoraji]] na [[mwandishi]] aliyejifundisha mwenyewe anayejulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji na michoro yake ya mada za fantasia. Kazi yake iliathiriwa na [[William Morris]] na watu wa wakati wake, na pia na wachoraji wa kisasa zaidi kama [[Brian Froud]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindaravenscroft.com/ |title=Home |website=lindaravenscroft.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3nd8mnapbeh3aty4ry9dejdgf179hve 1550536 1550535 2026-05-26T02:25:06Z Ally0111 85292 1550536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Ravenscroft''' (alizaliwa [[1963]] huko Cheshire, [[Uingereza]]) ni [[msanii]] ,[[mchoraji]] na [[mwandishi]] aliyejifundisha mwenyewe anayejulikana zaidi kwa uchoraji na michoro yake ya mada za fantasia. Kazi yake iliathiriwa na [[William Morris]] na watu wa wakati wake, na pia na wachoraji wa kisasa zaidi kama [[Brian Froud]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindaravenscroft.com/ |title=Home |website=lindaravenscroft.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4kcdajcwwdg3861e0rfvq7ehqzco9jy 0 238794 1550537 2026-05-26T02:26:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Habibullah Khan Karzai''' alikuwa kiongozi wa [[Afghanistan]] kutoka ukoo wa [[Popalzai]]. Alikuwa mzee wa familia na alichukuliwa kama kiongozi wa familia ya Karzai. Mdogo wake, [[Abdul Ahad Karzai]], alikuwa baba mzazi wa Rais [[Hamid Karzai]]. Habibullah Khan Karzai alihudumu kama mshauri maalum na mwandishi wa hotuba wa Mfalme [[Mohammed Zahir Shah|Zahir Shah]] na aliandamana naye wakati wa ziara rasmi ya kiserikali ya Mfalme huyo nchini Marekani...' 1550537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habibullah Khan Karzai''' alikuwa kiongozi wa [[Afghanistan]] kutoka ukoo wa [[Popalzai]]. Alikuwa mzee wa familia na alichukuliwa kama kiongozi wa familia ya Karzai. Mdogo wake, [[Abdul Ahad Karzai]], alikuwa baba mzazi wa Rais [[Hamid Karzai]]. Habibullah Khan Karzai alihudumu kama mshauri maalum na mwandishi wa hotuba wa Mfalme [[Mohammed Zahir Shah|Zahir Shah]] na aliandamana naye wakati wa ziara rasmi ya kiserikali ya Mfalme huyo nchini [[Marekani]] wakati wa utawala wa Rais [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'': "Ex-Afghan Envoy Relays..." (October 20, 1983) [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0917FC395F0C738EDDA90994DB484D81&n=Top%2fNews%2fWorld%2fCountries%20and%20Territories%2fAfghanistan Link]</ref> Pia alihudumu kama mjumbe mwandamizi kutoka Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Afghanistan na Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa [[Afghanistan]] katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]].<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'': "The Afghan Rulers: Fier..." (December 21, 1981) [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F3061EFE395C0C728EDDAB0994D9484D81&n=Top%2fNews%2fWorld%2fCountries%20and%20Territories%2fAfghanistan Link]</ref> Habibullah Karzai anachukuliwa na Waafghanistan wengi kama msomi mwerevu sana wa falsafa na siasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] kwu863arspa97mp8nzqlge35x3nyemk 0 238795 1550538 2026-05-26T02:26:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Herbert Railton''' ([[Novemba 21]], [[1857]] – [[Machi 15]], [[1910]]), alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha mkuu nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu na magazeti kwa rangi nyeusi na nyeupe. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1857]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1910]]' 1550538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herbert Railton''' ([[Novemba 21]], [[1857]] – [[Machi 15]], [[1910]]), alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha mkuu nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu na magazeti kwa rangi nyeusi na nyeupe. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1857]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1910]] ha8daxy9r1u04mvh91tjpzyxuw7tee0 0 238796 1550539 2026-05-26T02:28:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Graham Rust''' (alizaliwa [[1942]],) ni mchoraji picha na ukuta wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>''RUST Drawings 1965'', Jason Gallery, 23 West 56th street, New York, N.Y. 10019</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1550539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Graham Rust''' (alizaliwa [[1942]],) ni mchoraji picha na ukuta wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>''RUST Drawings 1965'', Jason Gallery, 23 West 56th street, New York, N.Y. 10019</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dgqifptxd4k790857f4mlby2nes9oex 0 238797 1550540 2026-05-26T02:28:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saad-ud-Din''' ([[Kipashto]]/[[Kindari|Kiajemi]]: سعدالدين خان), baadaye akajulikana kama Kazi Saad-ud-Din Khan (kama 1848 – baada ya 1914), alikuwa mwanasiasa nchini [[Afghanistan]] chini ya utawala wa [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] na [[Habibullah Khan]]; kwa kipindi fulani, alikuwa mkwe wa Habibullah Khan (baba mkewe).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence – Russia and Afghanistan|date=27 June 1902 |page=3 |issue=36805}}</re...' 1550540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saad-ud-Din''' ([[Kipashto]]/[[Kindari|Kiajemi]]: سعدالدين خان), baadaye akajulikana kama Kazi Saad-ud-Din Khan (kama 1848 – baada ya 1914), alikuwa mwanasiasa nchini [[Afghanistan]] chini ya utawala wa [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] na [[Habibullah Khan]]; kwa kipindi fulani, alikuwa mkwe wa Habibullah Khan (baba mkewe).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Latest intelligence – Russia and Afghanistan|date=27 June 1902 |page=3 |issue=36805}}</ref> Alikuwa Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Herat|Herat]] kwa muda wa miaka kumi na minane, kati ya mwaka 1887 na 1904, na akaja kuwa Jaji Mkuu mnamo mwaka 1914. Alitunukiwa jina la heshima la "[[Khan (cheo)|Khan]] e [[Ilm|Ulum]]" (خان علوم), ambalo linatafsiriwa kama "Mabingwa wa Maarifa".<ref name=":0">[http://www.afghan-german.net/upload/Tahlilha_PDF/sistani_azam_zekre_khaire_qazi_2.pdf Sistani Azam Zekre Khaire] afghan-german.net</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1848||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] 2msl15oba2ddcomvcya2th9j571ibnj 0 238798 1550541 2026-05-26T02:31:41Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William George Rushton''' ([[Agosti 18]], [[1937]] – [[Desemba 11]], [[1996]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa katuni, mcheshi, [[mwigizaji]], na mchambuzi nchini [[Uingereza]] ambaye alianzisha jarida la ucheshi la ''Private Eye''. Pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa kipindi cha televisheni cha ucheshi cha ''That Was the Week That Was'' ([[1962]]-[[1963]]) na alishiriki kwa muda mrefu kwenye kipindi cha redio cha ''I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue'' ([[1974]]-1996).<ref na...' 1550541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William George Rushton''' ([[Agosti 18]], [[1937]] – [[Desemba 11]], [[1996]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa katuni, mcheshi, [[mwigizaji]], na mchambuzi nchini [[Uingereza]] ambaye alianzisha jarida la ucheshi la ''Private Eye''. Pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa kipindi cha televisheni cha ucheshi cha ''That Was the Week That Was'' ([[1962]]-[[1963]]) na alishiriki kwa muda mrefu kwenye kipindi cha redio cha ''I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue'' ([[1974]]-1996).<ref name="obituary">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-william-rushton-1314313.html|title=OBITUARY : William Rushton|date=13 December 1996|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1996]] o91dnyak83cp98mwn53qqapjpwqazl0 0 238799 1550542 2026-05-26T02:32:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Yunus Khalis''' (maandishi mbadala ya majina yake ni '''Yunis''' na '''Younas''') ( kama 1919 – 19 Julai 2006) alikuwa kamanda wa [[Wamujahidina wa Afghanistan|mujahidina]] nchini [[Afghanistan]] wakati wa Vita vya Kisovieti na Afghanistan. Chama chake kiliitwa [[Hezbi Islami|Hezb-i-Islami]] ("Chama cha Kiislamu"), jina linalofanana kabisa na chama cha [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]. Viwili hivyo kwa kawaida hutofautishwa kama Hezb-e Islami Khalis...' 1550542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Yunus Khalis''' (maandishi mbadala ya majina yake ni '''Yunis''' na '''Younas''') ( kama 1919 – 19 Julai 2006) alikuwa kamanda wa [[Wamujahidina wa Afghanistan|mujahidina]] nchini [[Afghanistan]] wakati wa Vita vya Kisovieti na Afghanistan. Chama chake kiliitwa [[Hezbi Islami|Hezb-i-Islami]] ("Chama cha Kiislamu"), jina linalofanana kabisa na chama cha [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]. Viwili hivyo kwa kawaida hutofautishwa kama [[Hezb-e Islami Khalis]] na [[Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin]]. == Maisha ya Mapema na Wasifu == Akiwa anatokea katika kabila la [[Khogyani (kabila la Wapashtun)|Khogyani]] la [[Wapashtun]],<ref>Abubakar Siddique, ''The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan'', Hurst, 2014, p. 154</ref> Maulvi Mohammad Yunus Khalis alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1919 katika [[Wilaya ya Khogyani]], [[Mkoa wa Nangarhar]] nchini Afghanistan. Baada ya kupata elimu ya [[Sharia|Sheria ya Kiislamu]] na [[Kalam|theolojia]] katika chuo cha [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]] nchini [[Pakistan]],<ref>[[Ahmed Rashid]], ''Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond'', Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010, p. 90</ref> Khalis alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa kupitia mtazamo wake wa kishafii na wa kihafidhina kuhusu jamii ya Kiislamu. Wakati mwingine akijulikana kama ''mkuu wa Nangarhar'' (don of Nangarhar), alikuwa pia mwanasiasa mwerevu aliyeshikilia mamlaka makubwa nyuma ya pazia katika moja ya vipindi vyenye misukosuko na ghasia kubwa zaidi katika historia ya nchi yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|2006}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] b67ftafwoi0c35f2mv7smp0z2ztdxg3 0 238800 1550544 2026-05-26T02:34:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti''' ([[Mei 12]], [[1828]] – [[Aprili 9]], [[1882]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Dante Gabriel Rossetti''', alikuwa mshairi, [[mchoraji]] picha, na mtafsiri wa [[Uingereza]]. Alianzisha kundi la ''Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood'' mwaka [[1848]] pamoja na [[William Holman Hunt]] na [[John Everett Millais]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/dante-gabriel-rossetti|title=Dante Gabriel Ro...' 1550544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti''' ([[Mei 12]], [[1828]] – [[Aprili 9]], [[1882]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Dante Gabriel Rossetti''', alikuwa mshairi, [[mchoraji]] picha, na mtafsiri wa [[Uingereza]]. Alianzisha kundi la ''Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood'' mwaka [[1848]] pamoja na [[William Holman Hunt]] na [[John Everett Millais]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/dante-gabriel-rossetti|title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes – Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|work=oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com|access-date=8 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222072846/http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/dante-gabriel-rossetti|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1828]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1882]] oka5qf5kkliblgnvo7mip7p0wvm89ea 0 238801 1550545 2026-05-26T02:37:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stella Ross-Craig''' ([[Machi 19]], [[1906]] – [[Februari 6]], [[2006]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mchoraji picha mwenye tija wa mimea ya asili.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.kew.org/about-our-organisation/press-media/press-releases/ethiopia%E2%80%99s-prof-sebsebe-demissew-awarded|title=Ethiopia's Prof. Sebsebe Demissew awarded prestigious Kew International Medal|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Ke...' 1550545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stella Ross-Craig''' ([[Machi 19]], [[1906]] – [[Februari 6]], [[2006]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mchoraji picha mwenye tija wa mimea ya asili.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.kew.org/about-our-organisation/press-media/press-releases/ethiopia%E2%80%99s-prof-sebsebe-demissew-awarded|title=Ethiopia's Prof. Sebsebe Demissew awarded prestigious Kew International Medal|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703134412/https://www.kew.org/about-our-organisation/press-media/press-releases/ethiopia%E2%80%99s-prof-sebsebe-demissew-awarded|archive-date=3 July 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1906]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] 49nk8n19qk75ihlukpq6bohl2ljeeo2 0 238802 1550546 2026-05-26T02:38:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdur Rahim Khan''' (<big>عبدالرحیم‌ خان</big>) alikuwa Gavana wa [[Afghanistan]] katika mkoa wa Herat. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1886 katika [[Wilaya ya Kohistan, Kapisa|Kohistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64CQAAAAMAAJ|title=British documents on foreign affairs--reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print: From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East|last1=Yapp|first1=Malcolm|last2=Pre...' 1550546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdur Rahim Khan''' (<big>عبدالرحیم‌ خان</big>) alikuwa Gavana wa [[Afghanistan]] katika mkoa wa Herat. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1886 katika [[Wilaya ya Kohistan, Kapisa|Kohistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64CQAAAAMAAJ|title=British documents on foreign affairs--reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print: From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East|last1=Yapp|first1=Malcolm|last2=Preston|first2=Paul|last3=Partridge|first3=Michael|date=1999|publisher=University Publications of America|isbn=978-1-55655-765-1|pages=28|language=en}}</ref> Alihudumu kama kamanda wa walinzi binafsi wa [[Habibullah Khan]] tangu akiwa na umri wa miaka 16.<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka 1921, alipandishwa cheo na kuwa brigedia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssuPAAAAMAAJ|title=Near and Middle East, 1951|last1=Preston|first1=Paul|last2=Partridge|first2=Michael|last3=Gokay|first3=Bulent|date=2005|publisher=LexisNexis|isbn=978-0-88692-720-2|pages=34|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929), alijiunga na [[Wasaqqawist]] na akatumwa kwenda Mazar-i-Sharif ili kuandaa mapinduzi.<ref name=":1" /> Mnamo Septemba 1932, aliteuliwa na [[Mohammed Nadir Shah]] kuwa gavana wa Herat.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia|last1=Clements|first1=Frank|last2=Adamec|first2=Ludwig W.|date=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-402-8|pages=3|language=en}}</ref> Katika mwaka huo huo wa 1932, alizima uasi wa kijeshi uliotaka kutokea mjini Herat.<ref name=":1" /> Aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa Tume ya Mpaka kati ya Uajemi na Afghanistan mnamo Septemba 1934.<ref name=":1" /> Alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Afghanistan mnamo 1938, na kisha kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Afghanistan, mnamo 1940.<ref name="adamec1">{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan |date=1975 |publisher=Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt |location=Graz |isbn=3201009210}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 1946, alikamatwa kwa kushukiwa kushirikiana na kabila la Safi wakati wa Maasi ya kikabila ya Afghanistan ya 1944–1947, yeye pamoja na mkwe wake (mume wa binti yake) [[Khalilullah Khalili]].<ref name="BritDocPagexl">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INiPAAAAMAAJ|title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Turkey, Persia, Iraq and Levant 1954|last1=Preston|first1=Paul|last2=Partridge|first2=Michael|date=2008|publisher=LexisNexis|isbn=978-0-88692-720-2|pages=xl|language=en}}</ref> Aliachiwa huru mnamo mwaka 1948.<ref name="BritDocPagexl" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1886||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] kjtug4296j65ln3cypkvhvjgalz4t8n 0 238803 1550547 2026-05-26T02:47:46Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eva Roos née Vedder''' ([[1872]] – [[1956]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha, hasa wa vitabu vya watoto. Inaaminika aliishi na kufanya kazi katika eneo la [[Hampstead]] la [[London]] mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eva Roos (1872-1956), Home lessons |url=https://jamesalder.co.uk/eva-roos/home_lessons/ |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=jamesalder.co.uk}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}...' 1550547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Roos née Vedder''' ([[1872]] – [[1956]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mchoraji]] picha, hasa wa vitabu vya watoto. Inaaminika aliishi na kufanya kazi katika eneo la [[Hampstead]] la [[London]] mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eva Roos (1872-1956), Home lessons |url=https://jamesalder.co.uk/eva-roos/home_lessons/ |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=jamesalder.co.uk}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1872]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1956]] jgjsnkefwpqtit34hor94ag5ovi23lv 0 238804 1550548 2026-05-26T02:51:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Angelo Rooker''' (alizaliwa [[1746]] au [[1743]] – [[Machi 3]], [[1801]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Uingereza]] akitumia rangi za mafuta na rangi za maji wa usanifu na mandhari, na [[mchongaji]]. Pia alikuwa mchoraji mkuu wa matukio katika ''Haymarket Theatre''.<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~towcesterfamilies/Edward%20and%20Michael%20%28Angelo%29%20Rooker.htm The Rooker family].</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}...' 1550548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Angelo Rooker''' (alizaliwa [[1746]] au [[1743]] – [[Machi 3]], [[1801]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] nchini [[Uingereza]] akitumia rangi za mafuta na rangi za maji wa usanifu na mandhari, na [[mchongaji]]. Pia alikuwa mchoraji mkuu wa matukio katika ''Haymarket Theatre''.<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~towcesterfamilies/Edward%20and%20Michael%20%28Angelo%29%20Rooker.htm The Rooker family].</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1746]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1801]] 8yep481p2uzdwkt90vwxpupr3wouti6 0 238805 1550549 2026-05-26T02:54:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Haslewood Shannon''' ([[Aprili 26]], [[1863]] – [[Machi 18]], [[1937]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa picha zake za watu . Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika makusanyo kadhaa makuu ya Ulaya, ikiwemo ''National Portrait Gallery, London''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.racollection.org.uk |title=Royal Academy of Arts Collections – Home }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza...' 1550549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Haslewood Shannon''' ([[Aprili 26]], [[1863]] – [[Machi 18]], [[1937]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa picha zake za watu . Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika makusanyo kadhaa makuu ya Ulaya, ikiwemo ''National Portrait Gallery, London''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.racollection.org.uk |title=Royal Academy of Arts Collections – Home }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1863]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1937]] 0fv4b6e7i9cqhxvxrst65glacecdbjn 1550585 1550549 2026-05-26T04:52:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Haslewood Shannon''' ([[Aprili 26]], [[1863]] – [[Machi 18]], [[1937]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa picha zake za watu . Kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika makusanyo kadhaa makuu ya Ulaya, ikiwemo ''National Portrait Gallery, London''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.racollection.org.uk/ |title=Royal Academy of Arts Collections – Home |accessdate=2026-05-26 |archive-date=2010-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402092154/http://www.racollection.org.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1863]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1937]] 7g59sy9488rkf5ig6wr9nlfk900zz96 0 238806 1550550 2026-05-26T03:00:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Shearer''' alikuwa [[seremala]] na mbunifu wa makabati na [[Samani]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa karne ya 18. Anajulikana kwa michoro yake ya fanicha katika mtindo wa Neoclassicism, ikiwemo meza na viti vilivyochorwa kwenye jarida la ''The Cabinet-Maker's London Book of Prices'' ([[1788]]). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka usiojulikana]]' 1550550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Shearer''' alikuwa [[seremala]] na mbunifu wa makabati na [[Samani]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa karne ya 18. Anajulikana kwa michoro yake ya fanicha katika mtindo wa Neoclassicism, ikiwemo meza na viti vilivyochorwa kwenye jarida la ''The Cabinet-Maker's London Book of Prices'' ([[1788]]). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka usiojulikana]] ryqmg1d6fj0l0n3jphmbvzak90lz1tn 1550551 1550550 2026-05-26T03:01:27Z Ally0111 85292 1550551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Shearer''' alikuwa [[seremala]] na mbunifu wa makabati na [[Samani]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa karne ya 18. Anajulikana kwa michoro yake ya fanicha katika mtindo wa Neoclassicism, ikiwemo meza na viti vilivyochorwa kwenye jarida la ''The Cabinet-Maker's London Book of Prices'' ([[1788]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dict-english-furniture-makers/s|title=Dictionary of English Furniture Makers 1660-1840 s.v.|access-date=2021-01-21|website=[[British History Online]]|editor-last=Beard|editor-first=Geoffrey|editor2-last=Gilbert|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-link=Christopher Gallard Gilbert}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka usiojulikana]] mg4dh8slyc4ykvp78pdv5fbd0ksvhmt 0 238807 1550552 2026-05-26T03:04:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nick Sharratt''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 9]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksharratt.com/biography.html|title=Nick Sharratt biography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|title=Sharratt, Nick|access-date=20 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030104040/http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64...' 1550552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Sharratt''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 9]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksharratt.com/biography.html|title=Nick Sharratt biography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|title=Sharratt, Nick|access-date=20 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030104040/http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|archive-date=30 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iibuv0aher1kunmwhakrcu66hhafjc1 1550553 1550552 2026-05-26T03:04:34Z Ally0111 85292 1550553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Sharratt''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 9]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksharratt.com/biography.html|title=Nick Sharratt biography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|title=Sharratt, Nick|access-date=20 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030104040/http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|archive-date=30 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a1jtrpt5ry2c1ghdvc3gq2s7ifooj45 0 238808 1550554 2026-05-26T03:07:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bettina Shaw-Lawrence''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Betty Shaw-Lawrence'''; [[Julai 29]], [[1921]] – [[Septemba 12]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Shaw alisomea uchoraji na kuchora chini ya [[Fernand Léger]], [[Cedric Morris]] na [[Arthur Lett-Haines]], ingawa alikuwa amejifundisha mwenyewe kwa kiasi kikubwa na alifanya kazi kitaaluma hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]].<ref>[[Bodley Gallery]] New York catalogue. (1963).''Be...' 1550554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bettina Shaw-Lawrence''' (anayejulikana pia kama '''Betty Shaw-Lawrence'''; [[Julai 29]], [[1921]] – [[Septemba 12]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Shaw alisomea uchoraji na kuchora chini ya [[Fernand Léger]], [[Cedric Morris]] na [[Arthur Lett-Haines]], ingawa alikuwa amejifundisha mwenyewe kwa kiasi kikubwa na alifanya kazi kitaaluma hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]].<ref>[[Bodley Gallery]] New York catalogue. (1963).''Bettina Shaw Lawrence: Bodley Gallery'', New York: Bodley Gallery, {{OCLC|83884329}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] lvq11w7080q2ow7yss6jund6we4vjgf 0 238809 1550556 2026-05-26T03:13:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Antonio Frederic Augustus Sands'''; [[Mei 1]], [[1829]] – [[Juni 25]], [[1904]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Frederick Sandys''', alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]], aliyehusishwa na kundi la ''Pre-Raphaelites''. Pia alihusishwa na ''Norwich School of painters''.<ref name=Early>{{cite web |title=Sandys' Life and Times: Early Years |url=http://www.sandys.norfolk.gov.uk/fsbiog1.htm |publishe...' 1550556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Antonio Frederic Augustus Sands'''; [[Mei 1]], [[1829]] – [[Juni 25]], [[1904]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Frederick Sandys''', alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]], aliyehusishwa na kundi la ''Pre-Raphaelites''. Pia alihusishwa na ''Norwich School of painters''.<ref name=Early>{{cite web |title=Sandys' Life and Times: Early Years |url=http://www.sandys.norfolk.gov.uk/fsbiog1.htm |publisher=Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery |access-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724015406/http://www.sandys.norfolk.gov.uk/fsbiog1.htm |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1829]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1904]] 9g1905veopq1q1t57rx3vy73y3w5tgv 0 238810 1550558 2026-05-26T03:16:02Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gerald Anthony Scarfe''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 1]], [[1936]]) ni [[mchoraji]] katuni wa kejeli na picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Amefanya kazi kama mchora katuni wa wahariri (editorial cartoonist) kwa gazeti la ''The Sunday Times'' na mchoraji picha kwa jarida la ''The New Yorker''. <ref>John Walker. (1987) [http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Gerald-Scarfe-Pink-Floyd-The-Wall-Walker-1987 "Gerald Scarfe & Pink Floyd"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/201202...' 1550558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerald Anthony Scarfe''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 1]], [[1936]]) ni [[mchoraji]] katuni wa kejeli na picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Amefanya kazi kama mchora katuni wa wahariri (editorial cartoonist) kwa gazeti la ''The Sunday Times'' na mchoraji picha kwa jarida la ''The New Yorker''. <ref>John Walker. (1987) [http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Gerald-Scarfe-Pink-Floyd-The-Wall-Walker-1987 "Gerald Scarfe & Pink Floyd"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201223959/http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Gerald-Scarfe-Pink-Floyd-The-Wall-Walker-1987 |date=1 February 2012 }}. In ''Cross-Overs: Art into Pop, Pop into Art''/''artdesigncafe''. Retrieved 31 December 2011.</ref><ref name=floydianslip>{{cite web|url=http://www.floydianslip.com/pink-floyd/interviews/gerald-scarfe.php|title=Interview with Floydian Slip radio program|access-date=8 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208163346/http://www.floydianslip.com/pink-floyd/interviews/gerald-scarfe.php|archive-date=8 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ji3iitpeals2pufqopxxigna96lt5go 0 238811 1550560 2026-05-26T03:18:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hayden Scott-Baron''' (anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Dock'''; alizaliwa [[Aprili 6]], [[1980]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na mbunifu wa michoro wa [[Uingereza]]. Mwaka 2001, alijiunga na waundaji wengine wa katuni kama [[Laura Watton]], Sam Brown (Subi) na Foxy kuanzisha mojawapo ya studio kubwa za [[manga]] za Uingereza, Sweatdrop Studio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://starfruitgames.com/blog/ |title=Dock's Development Blog |access-date=2012-02-20 |archive-url=...' 1550560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hayden Scott-Baron''' (anayejulikana kwa jina la '''Dock'''; alizaliwa [[Aprili 6]], [[1980]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na mbunifu wa michoro wa [[Uingereza]]. Mwaka 2001, alijiunga na waundaji wengine wa katuni kama [[Laura Watton]], Sam Brown (Subi) na Foxy kuanzisha mojawapo ya studio kubwa za [[manga]] za Uingereza, Sweatdrop Studio.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://starfruitgames.com/blog/ |title=Dock's Development Blog |access-date=2012-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226105744/http://starfruitgames.com/blog/ |archive-date=2012-02-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0tslyncvdkk9ovn51ox3pu36g4t71rf 0 238812 1550561 2026-05-26T03:21:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Septimus Edwin Scott''' ([[1879]] – [[1965]]), aliyejisaini kwa jina la '''Sep E. Scott''', alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha, na katuni za [[Uingereza]].<ref name="wright-ashford">Norman Wright and David Ashford, ''Masters of Fun and Thrills: The British Comic Artists Vol 1'', Norman Wright (pub.), 2008, pp. 170-179</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1879]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]]' 1550561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Septimus Edwin Scott''' ([[1879]] – [[1965]]), aliyejisaini kwa jina la '''Sep E. Scott''', alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha, na katuni za [[Uingereza]].<ref name="wright-ashford">Norman Wright and David Ashford, ''Masters of Fun and Thrills: The British Comic Artists Vol 1'', Norman Wright (pub.), 2008, pp. 170-179</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1879]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]] fx34ahtmfqin17b0r22saljb25e41wf 0 238813 1550563 2026-05-26T03:29:56Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Eyre Macklin''' ([[Machi 30]], [[1863]] – [[Agosti 1]], [[1943]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] kwa rangi za mafuta na rangi za maji, [[mchongaji]], na mbunifu wa makaburi, aliyejisaini kazi zake kwa jina la T. Eyre Macklin au T.E. Macklin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ulster Arts Club |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001542/19280403/197/0010 |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Northern Whig |via=British Newspaper Ar...' 1550563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Eyre Macklin''' ([[Machi 30]], [[1863]] – [[Agosti 1]], [[1943]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] kwa rangi za mafuta na rangi za maji, [[mchongaji]], na mbunifu wa makaburi, aliyejisaini kazi zake kwa jina la T. Eyre Macklin au T.E. Macklin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ulster Arts Club |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001542/19280403/197/0010 |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Northern Whig |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=3 April 1928 |at=p. 10 col.3}}</ref><ref name="Northern Whig 5 August 1943" >{{cite news |title=Death of Mr T.E. Macklin |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001542/19430805/056/0003 |access-date=16 May 2022 |work=Northern Whig |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=5 August 1943 |at=p. 3 col.3}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1863]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1943]] e2ug6va2z63mgikuzf0qchze26i7jfg 0 238814 1550565 2026-05-26T03:35:53Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo''' ([[Desemba 12]], [[1851]] – [[Machi 15]], [[1942]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="davy">{{cite book |last1=Davey |first1=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/architectureofar00dave/page/56/mode/2up |title=Arts and Crafts Architecture |publisher=Phaidon |year=1997 |isbn=0-7148-3711-3 |location=London |pages=56–7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii...' 1550565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo''' ([[Desemba 12]], [[1851]] – [[Machi 15]], [[1942]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo wa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="davy">{{cite book |last1=Davey |first1=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/architectureofar00dave/page/56/mode/2up |title=Arts and Crafts Architecture |publisher=Phaidon |year=1997 |isbn=0-7148-3711-3 |location=London |pages=56–7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1851]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] tthkj6digo0oevejbj1jhxe6jfd6fak 0 238815 1550566 2026-05-26T03:39:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Herbert Menzies Marshall''' ([[Agosti 1]], [[1841]] – [[Machi 2]], [[1913]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa rangi za maji na picha wa [[Uingereza]], na mapema maishani mwake alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]]<ref>Huish. ''British Watercolour Art etc'' (1904).</ref>. Alichapisha picha mbalimbali za usanifu, hasa makanisa na nyumba za kifahari za Uingereza, katika vitabu kama ''The Cathedrals of England'' ([[1909]]-[[1910]]).<ref name="whowaswho">[http://www.ukwh...' 1550566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herbert Menzies Marshall''' ([[Agosti 1]], [[1841]] – [[Machi 2]], [[1913]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa rangi za maji na picha wa [[Uingereza]], na mapema maishani mwake alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]]<ref>Huish. ''British Watercolour Art etc'' (1904).</ref>. Alichapisha picha mbalimbali za usanifu, hasa makanisa na nyumba za kifahari za Uingereza, katika vitabu kama ''The Cathedrals of England'' ([[1909]]-[[1910]]).<ref name="whowaswho">[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U188691 MARSHALL, Herbert Menzies], ''Who Was Who'', A & C Black, 1920–2016 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014, accessed 12 Nov 2016)</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1841]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1913]] blfly9nkhd8uz1zdoevgqozntkce2kv 0 238816 1550567 2026-05-26T03:42:07Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Mower Martin''' ([[1838]] – [[1934]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Kanada]] mzaliwa wa [[Uingereza]] aliyepewa jina la utani "baba wa sanaa ya Kanada". Alizaliwa [[London]] na alihamia Kanada na familia yake mwaka [[1855]].<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19340317&id=vy0rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3656,2277432 Dean of Canadian artists is dead]" (Obituary from the [[Montreal Gazette]], 17 Mar 1934). He painted in both Oil...' 1550567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Mower Martin''' ([[1838]] – [[1934]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Kanada]] mzaliwa wa [[Uingereza]] aliyepewa jina la utani "baba wa sanaa ya Kanada". Alizaliwa [[London]] na alihamia Kanada na familia yake mwaka [[1855]].<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19340317&id=vy0rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3656,2277432 Dean of Canadian artists is dead]" (Obituary from the [[Montreal Gazette]], 17 Mar 1934). He painted in both [[Oil painting|oils]] and [[watercolour]].</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1838]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1934]] doxqwfcyzaaqbl74h3jtjo03opw8fkm 0 238817 1550568 2026-05-26T03:49:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rodney Matthews''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 6]], [[1945]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na mbunifu wa dhana wa [[Uingereza]] wa hadithi za kubuni ikiwemo za sayansi za kubuni.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The rock years 1969–1988|last1=Read|first1=Al|date=2003|publisher=Broadcast Books|last2=Brace|first2=Terry|isbn=9781874092827|location=Bristol|pages=10|oclc=851743737}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthews, Rodney |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/matthews_rodn...' 1550568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodney Matthews''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 6]], [[1945]]) ni [[mchoraji]] picha na mbunifu wa dhana wa [[Uingereza]] wa hadithi za kubuni ikiwemo za sayansi za kubuni.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The rock years 1969–1988|last1=Read|first1=Al|date=2003|publisher=Broadcast Books|last2=Brace|first2=Terry|isbn=9781874092827|location=Bristol|pages=10|oclc=851743737}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthews, Rodney |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/matthews_rodney |publisher=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]] |accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0d7mhsjdhlolbhc11gm2wr7achv3s35 0 238818 1550569 2026-05-26T03:55:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Augustus Osborne Lamplough''' ([[1877]] huko [[Manchester]] – [[Novemba 16]], [[1930]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa Oriyentalizimu na aliyejulikana kwa picha zake za mandhari ya [[Afrika Kaskazini]].Kazi zake nyingi alitumia rangi za maji. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1877]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]]' 1550569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Augustus Osborne Lamplough''' ([[1877]] huko [[Manchester]] – [[Novemba 16]], [[1930]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa Oriyentalizimu na aliyejulikana kwa picha zake za mandhari ya [[Afrika Kaskazini]].Kazi zake nyingi alitumia rangi za maji. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1877]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]] fnm7x32vwnxzhc6898ip49vdl2cqpy0 0 238819 1550570 2026-05-26T03:57:21Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul Linnet''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] anayeishi [[Brighton]]. Pamoja na mwandishi na mchoraji picha Mwingereza [[Sue Hendra]], Linnet amechapisha zaidi ya vitabu 100 vya watoto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paul Linnet |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Paul-Linnet/576584528 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Simon & Schuster |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {...' 1550570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Linnet''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]] anayeishi [[Brighton]]. Pamoja na mwandishi na mchoraji picha Mwingereza [[Sue Hendra]], Linnet amechapisha zaidi ya vitabu 100 vya watoto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paul Linnet |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Paul-Linnet/576584528 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Simon & Schuster |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7i6fda5ot9o53hmg7p2qvmqm72utvx4 0 238820 1550573 2026-05-26T04:02:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frederick William Lock''' (alifanya kazi [[1841]] – [[1863]]) alijulikana hasa kama [[mchoraji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa picha za watu na mandhari. Njia yake kuu ilikuwa chaki ya pastel kwenye karatasi. Alizaliwa na kukulia nchini [[Uingereza]] kabla ya kuhama hadi [[Kanada]].<ref name="Harper">Harper, J. Russell, Early Painters and Engravers in Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1970, {{ISBN|0-8020-1630-8}}; page 199</ref><ref name="Westbridge">Westbridge...' 1550573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederick William Lock''' (alifanya kazi [[1841]] – [[1863]]) alijulikana hasa kama [[mchoraji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa picha za watu na mandhari. Njia yake kuu ilikuwa chaki ya pastel kwenye karatasi. Alizaliwa na kukulia nchini [[Uingereza]] kabla ya kuhama hadi [[Kanada]].<ref name="Harper">Harper, J. Russell, Early Painters and Engravers in Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1970, {{ISBN|0-8020-1630-8}}; page 199</ref><ref name="Westbridge">Westbridge, Anthony R. & Bodnar, Diana L. The Collector’s Dictionary of Canadian Artists at Auction, Vol. 2, page 126, Westbridge Publications, Ltd., 2000. {{ISBN|0968590713}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka usiojulikana]] 7bjcud0ffn4ynhpidx2fbjnnfb4er0t 10 238821 1550580 2026-05-26T04:30:00Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 2px; width: 22em; | abovestyle = background-color: #e2e8f0; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|240px|center]] }} | caption = {{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}} | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 3px 5px; | datastyle = text-align: left; paddin...' 1550580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 2px; width: 22em; | abovestyle = background-color: #e2e8f0; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|240px|center]] }} | caption = {{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}} | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 3px 5px; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 3px 5px; | label1 = Jina Rasmi | data1 = {{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | label2 = Aina ya Sikukuu | data2 = {{{Aina|}}} | label3 = Inaadhimishwa na | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana/Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = {{{Tarehe|}}} | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Sikukuu husika | data7 = {{{Husika|}}} }} knc5qfya6vaxskb40ztfikxsiujje38 1550581 1550580 2026-05-26T04:36:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 2px; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); 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width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina ya Sikukuu | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wanaoadhimisha | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} c6r0e89v62dmisiw2ec4im02lxfbxpg 1550613 1550607 2026-05-26T05:43:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 0; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina ya Sikukuu | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wanaoadhimisha | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} <noinclude> == Mwongozo == Kigezo hiki kinatumiwa kuweka sanduku la habari (Infobox) kwenye makala zinazohusu sikukuu za kidini, kitaifa, au kihistoria kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakili msimbo huu hapa chini na uubandike juu kabisa ya makala unayotaka kuihariri: <pre> {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = | Jina Rasmi = | Aina = | Pia inajulikana = | Wanaoadhimisha = | Umuhimu = | Tarehe = | Matendo = | Uhusiano = | Picha = | Maelezo ya Picha= }} </pre> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Wikipedia]] </noinclude> 9gwxt4uloo27nquzzdugtdpbf5465u7 1550624 1550613 2026-05-26T06:11:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 0; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wahusika | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} <noinclude> == Mwongozo == Kigezo hiki kinatumiwa kuweka sanduku la habari (Infobox) kwenye makala zinazohusu sikukuu za kidini, kitaifa, au kihistoria kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakili msimbo huu hapa chini na uubandike juu kabisa ya makala unayotaka kuihariri: <pre> {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = | Jina Rasmi = | Aina = | Pia inajulikana = | Wanaoadhimisha = | Umuhimu = | Tarehe = | Matendo = | Uhusiano = | Picha = | Maelezo ya Picha= }} </pre> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Wikipedia]] </noinclude> fiugwk41hyaduftfom7o0vl9srv5zc3 1550625 1550624 2026-05-26T06:12:11Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 0; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wahusika | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} <noinclude> == Mwongozo == Kigezo hiki kinatumiwa kuweka sanduku la habari (Infobox) kwenye makala zinazohusu sikukuu za kidini, kitaifa, au kihistoria kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakili msimbo huu hapa chini na uubandike juu kabisa ya makala unayotaka kuihariri: <pre> {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = | Jina Rasmi = | Aina = | Pia huitwa = | Wahusika = | Umuhimu = | Tarehe = | Matendo = | Uhusiano = | Picha = | Maelezo ya Picha= }} </pre> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Wikipedia]] </noinclude> mg8ssag6z9bv2opc2tkr9lhxvyhjs9d 1550626 1550625 2026-05-26T06:12:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 0; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 35%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wahusika | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} <noinclude> == Mwongozo == Kigezo hiki kinatumiwa kuweka sanduku la habari (Infobox) kwenye makala zinazohusu sikukuu za kidini, kitaifa, au kihistoria kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakili msimbo huu hapa chini na uubandike juu kabisa ya makala unayotaka kuihariri: <pre> {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = | Jina Rasmi = | Aina = | Pia huitwa = | Wahusika = | Umuhimu = | Tarehe = | Matendo = | Uhusiano = | Picha = | Maelezo ya Picha= }} </pre> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Wikipedia]] </noinclude> d7aznov36aux229d1rwoy35dymds830 1550631 1550626 2026-05-26T06:21:43Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing: 0; width: 23em; border: 1px solid #059669; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); overflow: hidden; font-family: sans-serif; | abovestyle = background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #10b981); color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 130%; padding: 12px 10px; | above = {{{Jina|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | subheaderstyle = background-color: #f0fdf4; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; color: #047857; padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb; | subheader = {{#if:{{{Jina Rasmi|}}} | <div lang="ar" dir="rtl">{{{Jina Rasmi|}}}</div> }} | image = {{#if:{{{Picha|}}} | [[Faili:{{{Picha|}}}|260px|center]] }} | caption = <div style="font-size:85%; color:#4b5563; padding: 6px 10px; line-height:1.4; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">{{{Maelezo ya Picha|}}}</div> | labelstyle = font-weight: bold; text-align: left; width: 40%; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; background-color: #f9fafb; color: #4b5563; font-size: 90%; | datastyle = text-align: left; padding: 8px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6; color: #1f2937; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4; | label1 = Aina | data1 = {{{Aina|}}} | label2 = Pia huitwa | data2 = {{{Pia inajulikana|}}} | label3 = Wahusika | data3 = {{{Wanaoadhimisha|}}} | label4 = Maana / Umuhimu | data4 = {{{Umuhimu|}}} | label5 = Tarehe | data5 = <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">{{{Tarehe|}}}</span> | label6 = Matendo makuu | data6 = {{{Matendo|}}} | label7 = Inahusiana na | data7 = {{{Uhusiano|}}} }} <noinclude> == Mwongozo == Kigezo hiki kinatumiwa kuweka sanduku la habari (Infobox) kwenye makala zinazohusu sikukuu za kidini, kitaifa, au kihistoria kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakili msimbo huu hapa chini na uubandike juu kabisa ya makala unayotaka kuihariri: <pre> {{Infobox Sikukuu | Jina = | Jina Rasmi = | Aina = | Pia huitwa = | Wahusika = | Umuhimu = | Tarehe = | Matendo = | Uhusiano = | Picha = | Maelezo ya Picha= }} </pre> [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Wikipedia]] </noinclude> 4f3p7f4af8izesh31masxlcy7fltuwg 0 238822 1550582 2026-05-26T04:44:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdur Rahman Khan Barakzai'''(1840/1844 – 1 Oktoba 1901), pia anajulikana kwa [[Lakabu|lakabu]] yake kama '''Emiri wa Chuma''' (Iron Emir),<ref name="PublicAffairs">{{Cite book|title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers |last1=Tomsen |first1=Peter |year=2011|publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-5864-8781-2|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz9_Ve29eL0C&pg=PA42|access-date=15 July 2...' 1550582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdur Rahman Khan Barakzai'''(1840/1844 – 1 Oktoba 1901), pia anajulikana kwa [[Lakabu|lakabu]] yake kama '''Emiri wa Chuma''' (Iron Emir),<ref name="PublicAffairs">{{Cite book|title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers |last1=Tomsen |first1=Peter |year=2011|publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-5864-8781-2|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz9_Ve29eL0C&pg=PA42|access-date=15 July 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=38}} alikuwa [[Emiri]] wa Emirati ya [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia tarehe 11 Agosti 1880 hadi kifo chake mnamo tarehe 1 Oktoba 1901.<ref>Hata hivyo, mwaka wake wa kuzaliwa umetajwa kuwa ni 1830 katika [[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, ukurasa wa 2</ref> Anajulikana kwa kuunganisha nchi hiyo baada ya miaka mingi ya Madaraka mikoani|ugawanyaji mkubwa wa madaraka na mapigano ya ndani,<ref>[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp142871/abdur-rahman-khan-emir-of-afghanistan Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Afghanistan] National Portrait Gallery (UK)</ref> pamoja na kufanya mazungumzo ya makubaliano ya [[Mstari wa Durand]] na [[Uhindi ya Kiingereza]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1844|1901}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] n099oj49m6l93eo92hyg8omddw9ee2j 0 238823 1550584 2026-05-26T04:50:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Ayub Khan Barakzai''', (1857 – 7 Aprili 1914) aliyebatizwa jina la ushindi kama '''Mshindi wa [[Mapambano ya Maiwand|Maiwand]]''', na pia kama '''[[Charles Edward Stuart|Mwanamfalme Charlie]] wa Afghanistan''' kwa muda fulani alikuwa gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Herat]] katika Emirati ya Afghanistan. Alikuwa Emiri wa [[Afghanistan]] kwa muda mfupi, kuanzia tarehe 12 Oktoba 1879 hadi tarehe 31 Mei 1880.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghanistantourism....' 1550584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Ayub Khan Barakzai''', (1857 – 7 Aprili 1914) aliyebatizwa jina la ushindi kama '''Mshindi wa [[Mapambano ya Maiwand|Maiwand]]''', na pia kama '''[[Charles Edward Stuart|Mwanamfalme Charlie]] wa Afghanistan''' kwa muda fulani alikuwa gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Herat]] katika Emirati ya Afghanistan. Alikuwa Emiri wa [[Afghanistan]] kwa muda mfupi, kuanzia tarehe 12 Oktoba 1879 hadi tarehe 31 Mei 1880.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghanistantourism.net/215/afghanistan-history/afghanistan-monarchs/|title=Afghanistan Monarchs|author=Hamid|publisher=afghanistantourism.net|access-date=2011-07-14|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327153153/http://www.afghanistantourism.net/215/afghanistan-history/afghanistan-monarchs/|archive-date=2012-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afghanland.com/history/leaders/leaders.html|title=Leaders|author=Wahid Momand|publisher=Afghanland.com|access-date=2011-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709141554/http://www.afghanland.com/history/leaders/leaders.html|archive-date=2011-07-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia aliongoza majeshi ya Afghanistan wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan na kulishinda Jeshi la Uhindi la Kiingereza katika Mapambano ya Maiwand. Kufuatia kushindwa kwake katika Mapambano ya Kandahar (1880), Ayub Khan alipinduliwa na kuhamishwa kwenda Uhindi ya Kiingereza. Hata hivyo, Ayub Khan alikimbilia nchini [[Nasaba ya Qajar|Uajemi]] (sasa [[Iran]]). Baada ya mazungumzo mnamo mwaka 1888 na Sir [[Mortimer Durand]], ambaye alikuwa balozi wa [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] mjini Tehran, Ayub Khan akawa [[Mstaafu|mpokeaji pensheni]] wa [[Uhindi ya Kiingereza]] (British Raj) na kusafiri kwenda Uhindi ya Kiingereza mnamo 1888, ambapo aliishi mjini [[Lahore]], [[Mkoa wa Punjab (Uhindi ya Kiingereza)|Punjab]], hadi kifo chake mnamo mwaka 1914.<ref name="exile">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvr_AwAAQBAJ&q=Victor+of+maiwand+traveled+to+India+in+1888%2C+accepted+the+usual+british+pension|title=Afghanistan|last=Dupree|first=Louis|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2014|page=418|isbn=978-1400858910}}</ref> Alizikwa mjini [[Peshawar]] na alikuwa na wake kumi na mmoja, watoto wa kiume kumi na tano, na watoto wa kike kumi. Wajukuu zake wawili, Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi na Sardar Muhammad Ismail Khan, walihudumu kama [[Brigedia|mabrigedia]] katika [[Jeshi la Pakistan]].<ref name="ET-15-07-2021">Arwin Rahi. [https://tribune.com.pk/article/97429/the-legacy-of-sardar-mohammad-ayub-khan-the-victor-of-maiwand The legacy of Sardar Mohammad Ayub Khan – The Victor of Maiwand]. Express Tribune. 15 July 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210715163141/https://tribune.com.pk/article/97429/the-legacy-of-sardar-mohammad-ayub-khan-the-victor-of-maiwand Archived version] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1857|1914}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] h07nxranujyd8o8ft0dbo0bz0idqepz 0 238824 1550588 2026-05-26T05:01:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Habibullah Khan Barakzai''' (2 Julai 1872 – 20 Februari 1919) alikuwa Emirati ya [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1901 hadi alipouawa mnamo mwaka 1919 na [[Shuja al-Dawla Ghorbandi]]. Alikuwa mtoto mkubwa wa kiume wa Emiri [[Abdur Rahman Khan]], ambaye [[Ukurithi|alimrithi]] kwa haki ya Mwana wa kwanza kuzaliwa|mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa mnamo Oktoba 1901. Babu yake alikuwa [[Mohammad Afzal Khan]].name=fpg/> == Maisha ya mapema == Habibullah alikuwa mtot...' 1550588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habibullah Khan Barakzai''' (2 Julai 1872 – 20 Februari 1919) alikuwa Emirati ya [[Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1901 hadi alipouawa mnamo mwaka 1919 na [[Shuja al-Dawla Ghorbandi]]. Alikuwa mtoto mkubwa wa kiume wa Emiri [[Abdur Rahman Khan]], ambaye [[Ukurithi|alimrithi]] kwa haki ya Mwana wa kwanza kuzaliwa|mtoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa mnamo Oktoba 1901. Babu yake alikuwa [[Mohammad Afzal Khan]].name=fpg/> == Maisha ya mapema == Habibullah alikuwa mtoto mkubwa wa kiume wa Emiri Abdur Rahman, na alizaliwa mjini [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chirol |first=Valentine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLEBAAAAMAAJ&dq=habibullah+khan+samarkand&pg=PA324 |title=The Middle Eastern Question: Or, Some Political Problems of Indian Defence |year=1903 |pages=324–325}}</ref> katika familia ya [[Wapashtun]] mnamo mwaka 1872. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1872|1919}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] qdxz0q18u62rzc1xn1ysw531mtigqmm 0 238825 1550589 2026-05-26T05:09:28Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Daoud Khan''' (18 Julai 1909 – 28 Aprili 1978), pia jina lake [[Kiroma|huchorwa kwa herufi za Kiroma]] kama '''Daud Khan'''<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mukerjee|first=Dilip|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643235|title=Afghanistan under Daud: Relations with Neighboring States|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|volume=15|issue=4|date=April 1975|pages=301–312|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|doi=10.2307/2643235|jstor=2643235|url-access=subscri...' 1550589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Daoud Khan''' (18 Julai 1909 – 28 Aprili 1978), pia jina lake [[Kiroma|huchorwa kwa herufi za Kiroma]] kama '''Daud Khan'''<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mukerjee|first=Dilip|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643235|title=Afghanistan under Daud: Relations with Neighboring States|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|volume=15|issue=4|date=April 1975|pages=301–312|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|doi=10.2307/2643235|jstor=2643235|url-access=subscription}}</ref> au '''Dawood Khan''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/22310/node/22310_mk|title=Statement on the attack on the Sardar Muhammad Dawood Khan hospital in Kabul|website=EEAS – European Commission}}</ref> alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] alihudumu kama Orodha ya Waziri Mkuu wa Afghanistan kuanzia mwaka 1953 hadi 1963. Kama kiongozi wa [[Mapinduzi ya Afghanistan ya 1973]] yaliyopindua Ufalme wa Afghanistan, alihudumu kama Rais wa Afghanistan na Rais wa kwanza wa Afghanistan]] kuanzia mwaka 1973 hadi alipouawa katika Mapinduzi ya Saur mnamo mwaka 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-21 |title=Nushin Arbabzadah: Sardar Daud Khan remembered |url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/21/afghanistan |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1909|1978}} [[Jamii:Marais wa Afghanistan]] 6fkqfbdn52btaat2y3j4shq4tbyfuom 0 238826 1550590 2026-05-26T05:09:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Mahamba''' (alifariki tarehe 2 Juni 1966) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa kwanza wa Masuala ya Ardhi wa Jamhuri ya Kongo, ambayo sasa hivi ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya Serikali ya Lumumba iliyodumu kuanzia tarehe 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960 chini ya uongozi wa Waziri Mkuu Patrice Lumumba. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha MNC-L.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110664|title=Congo Background Of Conflict|last=Merriam|first=p alan|date=1961}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] l0how70l6zaylfn96gjjl6q33gp5bdq 0 238827 1550593 2026-05-26T05:13:21Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alpha Denise Lupetu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Madini wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''Union for Democracy and Social Progress'' (UDPS) [Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Jamii].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digitalcongo.net {{!}} La RDC enfin dotée du Gouvernement de l’alternance démocratique|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article-en/5d639f30afb19500046d1606/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9n0tu5la52lc4p9xy731ekmsajgmidr 0 238828 1550595 2026-05-26T05:16:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason Luneno Maene''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongosho|Kongo]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation katika Bunge la Taifa la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Citation|title=LUNENO MAENE Jason|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=luneno-maene-jason|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1pj66578hybtqjlb5c0m2xeall207zi 0 238829 1550597 2026-05-26T05:19:23Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sardar Abdul Wahab Khan''' (1848 - 13 Julai 1920) alikuwa Wizara ya Elimu [[Afghanistan]] na Waziri wa Elimu wa zamani wa Emirati ya Afghanistan, [[Brigedia|brigedia wa kiraia]] na kamanda mkuu wakati wa maasi ya [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Afghanistan)|Mohammad Ayub Khan]] katika Vita vya Pili vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan. Wakati [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] alipoalikwa na Waingereza kuwa Emiri mpya baada ya kushindwa kwa Mohammad Ayub Khan (Afghanistan)|Ay...' 1550597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sardar Abdul Wahab Khan''' (1848 - 13 Julai 1920) alikuwa Wizara ya Elimu [[Afghanistan]] na Waziri wa Elimu wa zamani wa Emirati ya Afghanistan, [[Brigedia|brigedia wa kiraia]] na kamanda mkuu wakati wa maasi ya [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Afghanistan)|Mohammad Ayub Khan]] katika Vita vya Pili vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan. Wakati [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] alipoalikwa na Waingereza kuwa Emiri mpya baada ya kushindwa kwa [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Afghanistan)|Ayub Khan]] kwenye Vita vya Pili vya Waingereza na Waafghanistan, Abdul Wahab Khan aliishi uhamishoni kwa miaka mingi nchini Uajemi (sasa [[Iran]]) na kisha katika [[Mikoa ya Uhindi ya Kiingereza|Uhindi ya Kiingereza]] kabla ya kurejea mjini [[Kabul]] akiambatana na mtoto wake wa kiume, Sardar Abdul Habib Khan mnamo mwaka 1903.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Adamec |first=Ludwig W. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3469 |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. Hauptbd: Historical and political Who's who |date=1975 |publisher=Akad. Druck- u. Verlagsanst |isbn=978-3-201-00921-8 |location=Graz}}</ref>{{Rp|page=101}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1848|1920}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] bjetcayatez8t4hpxtaigs4x15dujnm 0 238830 1550598 2026-05-26T05:19:52Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guy-Patrice Lumumba,''' anayejulikana pia kama Patrice Lumumba Guy, ni mwana wa aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Kongo]] na [[mwanamapinduzi]] wa Pan-Afrika Patrice Émery Lumumba ambaye aliuawa. Kukamatwa kwake mwezi Desemba mwaka 2005 kulitajwa katika Bunge la Uingereza. Aligombea urais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kama mgombea binafsi mwaka 2006, lakini alipata takribani asilimia 0.42 pekee ya kura. Tovuti ya World Socialist Website inaonyesha kuwa alisaini malalamiko kuhusu uchaguzi huo, akidai kuwepo kwa rushwa ya wapiga kura na karatasi za kura zilizozidi kiwango.<ref>{{Cite web|title=L’un des fils Lumumba refuse le retour des reliques de son père sous Tshisekedi|url=https://afrique.lalibre.be/59850/lun-des-fils-lumumba-refuse-le-retour-des-reliques-de-son-pere-sous-tshisekedi/|work=La Libre Afrique|date=2021-04-08|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jjmmltqw29lyxpullmfzyqbq3hhjrb3 0 238831 1550600 2026-05-26T05:23:25Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger Lumbala''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1958) ni mbunge katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongosho|Kongo]], akiuwakilisha muungano wa Rally of Congolese Democrats and Nationalists. Yeye ni kiongozi wa zamani wa waasi ambaye aliungwa mkono na Uganda wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Kongo vya mwaka 1998 hadi 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=L’ancien chef de guerre congolais Roger Lumbala arrêté à Paris|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/01/04/l-ancien-chef-de-guerre-congolais-roger-lumbala-arrete-a-paris_6065177_3212.html|work=Le Monde.fr|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0crnf7qy6qvcpv2dyygep8uaab129xl 0 238832 1550601 2026-05-26T05:26:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Ahmad Khurram''' (1931–16 Novemba 1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliuawa kwa ASSASSINATION akiwa anahudumu kama waziri wa mipango. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Khurram alizaliwa mjini Kabul mnamo mwaka 1931.<ref name=johad>{{cite book|author1= Thomas H. Johnson|author2=Ludwig W. Adamec|title=Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2021|isbn=978-1-5381-4929-4|location=Lanham, MD|url=https...' 1550601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Ahmad Khurram''' (1931–16 Novemba 1977) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] aliuawa kwa ASSASSINATION akiwa anahudumu kama waziri wa mipango. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Khurram alizaliwa mjini Kabul mnamo mwaka 1931.<ref name=johad>{{cite book|author1= Thomas H. Johnson|author2=Ludwig W. Adamec|title=Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2021|isbn=978-1-5381-4929-4|location=Lanham, MD|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdgnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292|edition=5th|page=292}}</ref> Alitunukiwa shahada ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul]] mnamo mwaka 1957.<ref name=clad13/> Alipata shahada ya umahiri (MA) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh]] mnamo mwaka 1965.<ref name=clad13/> Alihitimisha masomo yake ya juu ya uzamili nchini Marekani mnamo mwaka 1968.<ref name=clad13>{{cite book|author1= Frank A. Clements|author2=Ludwig W. Adamec|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC CLIO, Inc.|year=2003|isbn=978-1-85109-407-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6fOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA149|location=Santa Barbara, CA|page=149}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|1977}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] ntrrywkzzo94ugu1l38q1j9vnsmfpao 0 238833 1550602 2026-05-26T05:28:13Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mira Antonitsch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 16 Desemba 1998) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] wa [[Austria]] ambaye kwa sasa hashiriki mashindano ya kitaaluma. Antonitsch ameshinda mataji mawili ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji matano ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 12 Juni 2017, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja duniani akiwa namba 507. Tarehe 4 Novemba 2019, alifikia nafasi ya 7...' 1550602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mira Antonitsch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 16 Desemba 1998) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] wa [[Austria]] ambaye kwa sasa hashiriki mashindano ya kitaaluma. Antonitsch ameshinda mataji mawili ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji matano ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 12 Juni 2017, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja duniani akiwa namba 507. Tarehe 4 Novemba 2019, alifikia nafasi ya 717 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili vya WTA. Mnamo Mei 2016, Antonitsch alipewa wildcard ya kushiriki kwenye droo kuu ya mashindano ya 2016 Nürnberger Versicherungscup,<ref name="ORF-debut">{{cite web|url=[http://sport.orf.at/stories/2251075/|title=Mira](http://sport.orf.at/stories/2251075/|title=Mira) Antonitsch feiert WTA-Premiere in Nürnberg|work=[[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]|date=14 May 2016|accessdate=15 May 2016|language=German}}</ref> lakini aliondolewa katika raundi ya kwanza na mchezaji aliyekuwa amepewa nafasi ya nne pamoja na kuwa namba 42 duniani, Lesia Tsurenko. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1998|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] t13dzs3wi8sem1ricib7h7t020of6o2 0 238834 1550603 2026-05-26T05:29:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdur Rahman Mahmudi''' (1909 – mapema miaka ya 1960) alikuwa daktari wa binadamu na mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Licha ya kukulia katika umaskini, alifanikiwa kupata shahada ya utatibu (matibabu) na akawa mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa kijamii. Mahmudi aliwakilisha jimbo la [[Kabul]] katika bunge ya Afghanistan kati ya mwaka 1949 na 1951. Ibrahimi (2012) alimwezea kama 'mwanasomi mashuhuri na mtu kiongozi wa vuguvugu la kikatiba na la mageuzi la miaka...' 1550603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdur Rahman Mahmudi''' (1909 – mapema miaka ya 1960) alikuwa daktari wa binadamu na mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Licha ya kukulia katika umaskini, alifanikiwa kupata shahada ya utatibu (matibabu) na akawa mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa kijamii. Mahmudi aliwakilisha jimbo la [[Kabul]] katika bunge ya Afghanistan kati ya mwaka 1949 na 1951. Ibrahimi (2012) alimwezea kama 'mwanasomi mashuhuri na mtu kiongozi wa vuguvugu la kikatiba na la mageuzi la miaka ya 1940 na 1950'. Alifungwa gerezani mnamo mwaka 1952, na akafariki dunia muda mfupi tu baada ya kuachiliwa huru mapema miaka ya 1960. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1909||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] rneui71rgoqmo1aw5vwbkunq1rrjm1r 0 238835 1550605 2026-05-26T05:32:35Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Zahir Shah'''ːˈ(15 Oktoba 1914 – 23 Julai 2007) alikuwa mfalme wa mwisho wa [[Afghanistan]], alitawala kuanzia tarehe 8 Novemba 1933 hadi alipopinduliwa mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1573181.stm|title=Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah|date=1 October 2001|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Akiongoza kwa karibu miaka 40, Zahir Shah alikuwa mtawala aliyedumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi madarakani katika Ufal...' 1550605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Zahir Shah'''ːˈ(15 Oktoba 1914 – 23 Julai 2007) alikuwa mfalme wa mwisho wa [[Afghanistan]], alitawala kuanzia tarehe 8 Novemba 1933 hadi alipopinduliwa mnamo tarehe 17 Julai 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1573181.stm|title=Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah|date=1 October 2001|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Akiongoza kwa karibu miaka 40, Zahir Shah alikuwa mtawala aliyedumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi madarakani katika Ufalme wa Afghanistan tangu kuanzishwa kwa [[Dola ya Durrani]] mnamo karne ya 18. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1914|2007}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] ml6tqimw0l5vz5qxzkawqdrnml33lfk 0 238836 1550606 2026-05-26T05:35:40Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Crispin Mulumba Lukoji''' (5 Machi 1943 – 3 Machi 1997) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Kwa taaluma alikuwa msomi wa elimu ya juu, na alikua Waziri Mkuu wa Zaire tarehe 1 Aprili 1991 baada ya Lunda Bululu kujiuzulu. Kabla ya uteuzi wake hakujulikana sana, lakini alisifiwa kwa uwezo wake katika masuala ya uchumi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC|title=Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|last=Kisangani|first=Emizet Francois|last2=Bobb|first2=Scott F.|date=2009-10-01|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-8108-6325-5|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1997]] hbycjfqk38q34suuns1akkb5wi4x8sv 0 238837 1550608 2026-05-26T05:37:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Katharina Büche''' (amezaliwa tarehe 19 Juni 1974) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Büche alishiriki mchezo wa kulipwa katika miaka ya 1990 na kufikia nafasi ya 202 katika viwango vya dunia. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, alishiriki hatua za mchujo za mashindano ya Australian Open na Wimbledon. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi katika mashindano ya WTA Tour yalikuja kwenye Linz Open, ambapo alifika raundi ya pili mara...' 1550608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katharina Büche''' (amezaliwa tarehe 19 Juni 1974) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Büche alishiriki mchezo wa kulipwa katika miaka ya 1990 na kufikia nafasi ya 202 katika viwango vya dunia. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, alishiriki hatua za mchujo za mashindano ya Australian Open na Wimbledon. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi katika mashindano ya WTA Tour yalikuja kwenye Linz Open, ambapo alifika raundi ya pili mara mbili. Mwaka 1994, alifanikiwa kumshinda Virginia Ruano Pascual katika raundi ya kwanza ya mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |title=EA-Generali Tournament Linz |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/142331658/](https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/142331658/) |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |date=9 February 1994}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4q6demigw66inrlguxzad6zv22xnnwl 0 238838 1550609 2026-05-26T05:39:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Luhaka''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu na Vyuo Vikuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge katika bunge la taifa. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dbd7vsbcalsj92xp3s6ej8f74zddc1a 0 238839 1550610 2026-05-26T05:39:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Nadir Shah'''(9 Aprili 1883 – 8 Novemba 1933) alikuwa Orodha ya watawala wa [[Afghanistan]] na Mfalme wa Afghanistan kuanzia mwaka 1929 hadi alipouawa mnamo mwaka 1933. Alikuwa mfalme baada ya kuzima Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929) na Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan vya miaka ya 1928–1929. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Vita, Orodha ya misheni ya kidiplomasia ya Afghanistan na Balozi wa Afghanistan nchini Ufar...' 1550610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Nadir Shah'''(9 Aprili 1883 – 8 Novemba 1933) alikuwa Orodha ya watawala wa [[Afghanistan]] na Mfalme wa Afghanistan kuanzia mwaka 1929 hadi alipouawa mnamo mwaka 1933. Alikuwa mfalme baada ya kuzima Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan (1928–1929) na Vita vya Kinyumbani vya Afghanistan vya miaka ya 1928–1929. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Vita, Orodha ya misheni ya kidiplomasia ya Afghanistan na Balozi wa Afghanistan nchini Ufaransa, na kama [[Jenerali]] katika Jeshi la Kifalme la Afghanistan. Yeye pamoja na mtoto wake wa kiume [[Mohammad Zahir Shah]], ambaye alimrithi utawala, walikuwa sehemu ya familia ya kifalme ya [[Musahiban]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Muḥammad |first1=Fayz̤ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJpXJXOno9IC |title=Kabul Under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising |last2=Hazārah |first2=Fayz̤ Muḥammad Kātib |date=1999 |publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers |isbn=9781558761551 |pages=275 |language=en |quote=Nadir received word of the victory in Ali Khayl and immediately set out for the capital, arriving in the city on the 15th.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1883|1933}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] but0tlh1x1bw11sb6f104l2edrpnknq 0 238840 1550611 2026-05-26T05:39:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sybille Bammer''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Aprili 1980) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa tenisi wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya ubora duniani ilikuwa namba 19, aliyoiifikia tarehe 17 Desemba 2007. Alikuwa mmoja wa akina mama watatu waliokuwa wakishiriki mashindano ya WTA Tour, baada ya kusimamisha kwa muda taaluma yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 21 ili kujifungua binti yake aitwaye Tina kabla ya kurejea tena katika mashindano...' 1550611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sybille Bammer''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Aprili 1980) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa tenisi wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya ubora duniani ilikuwa namba 19, aliyoiifikia tarehe 17 Desemba 2007. Alikuwa mmoja wa akina mama watatu waliokuwa wakishiriki mashindano ya WTA Tour, baada ya kusimamisha kwa muda taaluma yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 21 ili kujifungua binti yake aitwaye Tina kabla ya kurejea tena katika mashindano hayo. Aliposhinda mashindano ya Pattaya Open ya 2007, ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa mama kushinda mashindano ya ziara hiyo katika kipindi cha miaka 18 tangu ushindi wa Laura Arraya mwaka 1989.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/28/sports/28iht-TENNIS.1.6378351.html|title=Tennis](https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/28/sports/28iht-TENNIS.1.6378351.html|title=Tennis): Raising a child and her ranking|newspaper=The New York Times|date=28 Juni 2007|last1=Branch|first1=John}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fdk40jts23b8u0u7zejqxsd23nf88xq 0 238841 1550612 2026-05-26T05:42:09Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudel Andre Lubaya Aucun''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation katika Bunge la Taifa la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTFzAAAAMAAJ|title=Reṕublique démocratique du Congo: biographies des acteurs de la transition : juin 2003-juin 2006|last=Tshonda|first=Jean Omasombo|last2=Kennes|first2=Erik|date=2006|publisher=CEP|isbn=978-90-75894-84-4|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q8w02uenb9qjfyfpouayr4e2mkk4t8z 0 238842 1550614 2026-05-26T05:44:04Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Musahiban''' ( ni familia ya kiungwana ya [[Mohammadzai]] iliyoanzisha [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]] nchini [[Afghanistan]], na wajumbe wa ukoo huo wa kifalme walitawala [[Afghanistan]] kama emiri, mfalme, au rais kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978.<ref name="Shahrani">{{cite book|author1= M. Nazif Shahrani |author1-link=Nazif Shahrani |editor1-last= Banuazizi|editor1-first= Ali|editor2-last= Weiner |editor2-first= Myron |editor2-link=Myron Weiner |title= State, R...' 1550614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musahiban''' ( ni familia ya kiungwana ya [[Mohammadzai]] iliyoanzisha [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]] nchini [[Afghanistan]], na wajumbe wa ukoo huo wa kifalme walitawala [[Afghanistan]] kama emiri, mfalme, au rais kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978.<ref name="Shahrani">{{cite book|author1= M. Nazif Shahrani |author1-link=Nazif Shahrani |editor1-last= Banuazizi|editor1-first= Ali|editor2-last= Weiner |editor2-first= Myron |editor2-link=Myron Weiner |title= State, Religion and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan|date= 1986|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|isbn= 978-0815624486|page= 43|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=l6cmuTfzvZEC&q=Musahiban|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= State Building And Social Fragmentation, in: Afghanistan: A Historical Perspective |language=en}}</ref> Wanatokana na uzao wa [[Sultan Mohammad Khan]] Telai (1795–1861) na kaka yake mkubwa Emiri [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] (1792–1863), na walikuwa watawala wa mwisho wa nasaba ya Mohammadzai kabla ya kupinduliwa katika [[Mapinduzi ya Saur]] mnamo Aprili 1978.<ref name="Oxford"> {{cite book |author1= M. Nasif Shahrani|author1-link=Nazif Shahrani|editor1-last= Esposito|editor1-first= John L. |editor1-link=John Esposito |editor2-last= Shahin|editor2-first= Emad El-Din |editor2-link=Emad Shahin |title= The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics|date= 2013|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 9780195395891|page=459|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc7iAAAAQBAJ&q=Musahiban++from+1929+%E2%80%93+1978&pg=PA459|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= Islamic Movements in the Political Process |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu za Afghanistan]] 7kbm7zby286hoy2xnac3mjshy0vc85u 1550617 1550614 2026-05-26T05:46:21Z Egipa 87700 1550617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musahiban''' ( ni familia ya kiungwana ya [[Mohammadzai]] iliyoanzisha [asaba ya Barakzai nchini [[Afghanistan]], na wajumbe wa ukoo huo wa kifalme walitawala [[Afghanistan]] kama emiri, mfalme, au rais kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978.<ref name="Shahrani">{{cite book|author1= M. Nazif Shahrani |author1-link=Nazif Shahrani |editor1-last= Banuazizi|editor1-first= Ali|editor2-last= Weiner |editor2-first= Myron |editor2-link=Myron Weiner |title= State, Religion and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan|date= 1986|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|isbn= 978-0815624486|page= 43|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=l6cmuTfzvZEC&q=Musahiban|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= State Building And Social Fragmentation, in: Afghanistan: A Historical Perspective |language=en}}</ref> Wanatokana na uzao wa Sultan Mohammad Khan Telai (1795–1861) na kaka yake mkubwa Emiri Dost Mohammad Khan (1792–1863), na walikuwa watawala wa mwisho wa nasaba ya Mohammadzai kabla ya kupinduliwa katika Mapinduzi ya Saur mnamo Aprili 1978.<ref name="Oxford"> {{cite book |author1= M. Nasif Shahrani|author1-link=Nazif Shahrani|editor1-last= Esposito|editor1-first= John L. |editor1-link=John Esposito |editor2-last= Shahin|editor2-first= Emad El-Din |editor2-link=Emad Shahin |title= The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics|date= 2013|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 9780195395891|page=459|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc7iAAAAQBAJ&q=Musahiban++from+1929+%E2%80%93+1978&pg=PA459|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= Islamic Movements in the Political Process |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] as26jbd07tbbfgfj53gie3sssec2nh9 1550724 1550617 2026-05-26T08:25:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musahiban''' ni familia ya kiungwana ya [[Mohammadzai]] iliyoanzisha [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]] nchini [[Afghanistan]], na wajumbe wa ukoo huo wa kifalme walitawala nchi hiyo kama emiri, mfalme, au rais kuanzia mwaka 1823 hadi 1978.<ref name="Shahrani">{{cite book|author1= M. Nazif Shahrani |author1-link=Nazif Shahrani |editor1-last= Banuazizi|editor1-first= Ali|editor2-last= Weiner |editor2-first= Myron |editor2-link=Myron Weiner |title= State, Religion and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan|date= 1986|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|isbn= 978-0815624486|page= 43|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=l6cmuTfzvZEC&q=Musahiban|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= State Building And Social Fragmentation, in: Afghanistan: A Historical Perspective |language=en}}</ref> Wanatokana na uzao wa Sultan Mohammad Khan Telai (1795–1861) na kaka yake mkubwa Emiri Dost Mohammad Khan (1792–1863), na walikuwa watawala wa mwisho wa nasaba ya Mohammadzai kabla ya kupinduliwa katika Mapinduzi ya Saur mnamo Aprili 1978.<ref name="Oxford"> {{cite book |author1= M. Nasif Shahrani|author1-link=Nazif Shahrani|editor1-last= Esposito|editor1-first= John L. |editor1-link=John Esposito |editor2-last= Shahin|editor2-first= Emad El-Din |editor2-link=Emad Shahin |title= The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics|date= 2013|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 9780195395891|page=459|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc7iAAAAQBAJ&q=Musahiban++from+1929+%E2%80%93+1978&pg=PA459|accessdate= 30 May 2016|chapter= Islamic Movements in the Political Process |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] ojgcoblm1v3pkh2inn2suhb9o12ndd3 0 238843 1550615 2026-05-26T05:44:29Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bettina Diesner''' (amezaliwa tarehe 8 Februari 1970) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarni |first1=Jim |title=Sunshine-Continental: Cups Runneth Over |url=[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-08-8502250712-story.html](https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-08-8502250712-story.html) |date=8 December 1985}}</ref> Diesner alishiriki mashindano ya kimataifa ya tenisi katika m...' 1550615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bettina Diesner''' (amezaliwa tarehe 8 Februari 1970) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarni |first1=Jim |title=Sunshine-Continental: Cups Runneth Over |url=[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-08-8502250712-story.html](https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-08-8502250712-story.html) |date=8 December 1985}}</ref> Diesner alishiriki mashindano ya kimataifa ya tenisi katika miaka ya 1980 na kufikia nafasi ya 272 duniani katika viwango vya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Bettina Diesner ATP Match Results, Splits, and Analysis |url=[http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer.cgi?p=BettinaDiesner](http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer.cgi?p=BettinaDiesner) |website=[www.tennisabstract.com](http://www.tennisabstract.com)}}</ref> Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi katika mashindano ya WTA Tour yalikuwa kufika raundi ya pili kwenye Mashindano ya Brighton ya 1989.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brighton 1989 Tennis Tournament |url=[https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/brighton/gbr/1989/w-wt-gbr-03a-1989/draws-and-results/](https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/brighton/gbr/1989/w-wt-gbr-03a-1989/draws-and-results/) |website=itftennis.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j4wcgvjsfruycm55z0ii50uyzj2w6rw 0 238844 1550616 2026-05-26T05:45:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Luba Ntambo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu chini ya Rais Joseph Kabila. Pia alikuwa Waziri wa Ulinzi na Masuala ya Wanajeshi Wastaafu. Aliteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 28 Aprili 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D. R. Congo Embassy Washington DC : D. R. Congo Government|url=http://www.ambardcusa.org/government.html|work=www.ambardcusa.org|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kgdixanls2al2govg1rx1swm5rfbuic 0 238845 1550618 2026-05-26T05:49:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nike Dobrovits''' (amezaliwa tarehe 2 Desemba 1973) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennisclub Blau Weiss - Geschichte |url=[https://www.blau-weiss.at/de/Ueber-Uns/Geschichte.htmHerbert](https://www.blau-weiss.at/de/Ueber-Uns/Geschichte.htmHerbert) |website=Blau-Weiss |language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1550618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nike Dobrovits''' (amezaliwa tarehe 2 Desemba 1973) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennisclub Blau Weiss - Geschichte |url=[https://www.blau-weiss.at/de/Ueber-Uns/Geschichte.htmHerbert](https://www.blau-weiss.at/de/Ueber-Uns/Geschichte.htmHerbert) |website=Blau-Weiss |language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0eyf5w4g8waa8ndgy71nb5st33ssqdi 0 238846 1550619 2026-05-26T06:01:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandra Heim-Dopfer''' (amezaliwa tarehe 25 Mei 1970) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi katika mashindano ya Grand Slam yalikuwa kufika raundi ya tatu ya US Open ya 1996. == Maisha == Heim-Dopfer alizaliwa tarehe 25 Mei 1970 mjini Lustenau, Austria<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandra Dopfer |url=[http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_prs278605/person.shtml](http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_...' 1550619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Heim-Dopfer''' (amezaliwa tarehe 25 Mei 1970) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi katika mashindano ya Grand Slam yalikuwa kufika raundi ya tatu ya US Open ya 1996. == Maisha == Heim-Dopfer alizaliwa tarehe 25 Mei 1970 mjini Lustenau, Austria<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandra Dopfer |url=[http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_prs278605/person.shtml](http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_prs278605/person.shtml) |url-status=usurped |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070919/http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_prs278605/person.shtml](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070919/http://au.eurosport.com/tennis/sandra-dopfer_prs278605/person.shtml) |archive-date=4 March 2016 |accessdate=27 March 2013 |work=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> kwa jina la '''Sandra Dopfer'''. Katika maisha yake ya uchezaji, Heim-Dopfer alishinda mataji sita ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja kwenye mashindano ya ITF. Tarehe 29 Agosti 1994, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi duniani katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 70. Katika mchezo wa wawili wawili, alifikia nafasi ya 102 duniani tarehe 19 Julai 1993. Heim-Dopfer aliichezea timu ya Austria Fed Cup team mara moja mwezi Julai 1993. Mafanikio yake bora zaidi katika mashindano ya Grand Slam yalikuwa mwaka 1996 alipofika raundi ya tatu ya US Open ya mwaka huo. Baada ya kuhitimisha taaluma yake ya tenisi, Heim-Dopfer alifanya kazi katika shirika la misaada la Caritas Vorarlberg. Mwaka 2004, aliolewa na Michael Heim, mbunifu majengo kutoka Austria. Wana watoto wawili. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, Heim-Dopfer alijifunza mbinu mbalimbali za uponyaji pamoja na nguvu ya utulivu wa akili na alitumia mbinu za kujituliza na taswira za kiakili. Mwaka 2001 alianza mafunzo ya muda mrefu ya kutafakari na uponyaji wa kimetafizikia, na tangu wakati huo ameendelea kusaidia watu. Mwaka 2012 alifungua kituo chake cha kutafakari mjini Dornbirn, Austria. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] anl4f7ixuridnzkmv5gyv6clu2ozgx0 0 238847 1550620 2026-05-26T06:03:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eva Ruth de Jong-Duldig''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Duldig'''; amezaliwa tarehe 11 Februari 1938) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] aliyezaliwa [[Austria]] ambaye baadaye alikuwa raia wa Australia na Uholanzi, na kwa sasa ni mwandishi.<ref name="auto14">{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Simon Leo |date=9 Februari 2018 |title=Folding umbrella's 'flirtatious' history never forgotten |publisher=ABC Radio Melbourne |url=[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-10/fl...' 1550620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Ruth de Jong-Duldig''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Duldig'''; amezaliwa tarehe 11 Februari 1938) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] aliyezaliwa [[Austria]] ambaye baadaye alikuwa raia wa Australia na Uholanzi, na kwa sasa ni mwandishi.<ref name="auto14">{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Simon Leo |date=9 Februari 2018 |title=Folding umbrella's 'flirtatious' history never forgotten |publisher=ABC Radio Melbourne |url=[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-10/flirt-inspires-melbourne-world-umbrella-day-celebrations/9412018}}](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-10/flirt-inspires-melbourne-world-umbrella-day-celebrations/9412018}})</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |last1=Rutland |first1=Suzanne |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Hilary L. |date=23 Juni 2021 |title=Australia: 1788 to the Present |url=[https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/australia-1788-to-present](https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/australia-1788-to-present) |website=[[Jewish Women's Archive]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] akpwyc3pawb1e9sbalzyclf7y2zdwve 0 238848 1550622 2026-05-26T06:08:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Evelyn Fauth''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1976) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. == Wasifu == Fauth alizaliwa katika mji wa Sankt Peter uliopo Styria, kwa wazazi Walter na Ingrid. Alianza kucheza tenisi akiwa na umri wa miaka sita na kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa alipofikisha miaka 17.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/60160/title/evelyn-fauth#bio|title=Evelyn](http://www.wtatennis.com/players/p...' 1550622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evelyn Fauth''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1976) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. == Wasifu == Fauth alizaliwa katika mji wa Sankt Peter uliopo Styria, kwa wazazi Walter na Ingrid. Alianza kucheza tenisi akiwa na umri wa miaka sita na kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa alipofikisha miaka 17.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/60160/title/evelyn-fauth#bio|title=Evelyn](http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/60160/title/evelyn-fauth#bio|title=Evelyn) Fauth - Bio - Personal:|publisher=[[Women's Tennis Association]]|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ttkb4itl83ml1oqy4q2zwpqkcvxtwm6 0 238849 1550623 2026-05-26T06:10:50Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julia Grabher''' (amezaliwa tarehe 2 Julai 1996) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Tarehe 26 Juni 2023 alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya ubora duniani kwa mchezo wa mmoja mmoja, akiwa namba 54 duniani. Tarehe 29 Agosti 2016 alifikia nafasi ya 387 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Julia Grabher {{!}} Player Stats & More – WTA Official|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/player...' 1550623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Grabher''' (amezaliwa tarehe 2 Julai 1996) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Tarehe 26 Juni 2023 alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya ubora duniani kwa mchezo wa mmoja mmoja, akiwa namba 54 duniani. Tarehe 29 Agosti 2016 alifikia nafasi ya 387 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Julia Grabher {{!}} Player Stats & More – WTA Official|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/players/320316/julia-grabher/stats|access-date=2023-04-06|website=Women's](http://www.wtatennis.com/players/320316/julia-grabher/stats|access-date=2023-04-06|website=Women's) Tennis Association}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 83elxt0kkzjcvtkpglfhgrtxhntkzn2 0 238850 1550628 2026-05-26T06:14:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alphonse Daniel Ntumba Luaba Lumu''' alikuwa Katibu Mtendaji wa International Conference on the Great Lakes Region kuanzia Desemba 2011 hadi mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NTUMBA LUABA LUMU {{!}} Chercheur OIPR - Université de Kinshasa|url=https://www.unikin.ac.cd/oipr/OIPR/chercheurs/866/NTUMBA-LUABA-LUMU|work=OIPR - Université de Kinshasa|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr|author=Université de Kinshasa-Cellule d'Appui à la Recherche (CAR)}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q319x3dlkjn4uyvgtagvm9e596u7hn2 0 238851 1550630 2026-05-26T06:20:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Haas''' (amezaliwa tarehe 19 Machi 1996) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]] ambaye kwa sasa hashiriki mashindano ya kitaaluma. Ameshinda mataji 16 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji matatu ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit. Tarehe 24 Februari 2020, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya WTA akiwa namba 133 duniani kwa mchezo wa mmoja mmoja. Tarehe 27 Septemba 2021, alifikia nafasi ya 164 duniani...' 1550630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Haas''' (amezaliwa tarehe 19 Machi 1996) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]] ambaye kwa sasa hashiriki mashindano ya kitaaluma. Ameshinda mataji 16 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji matatu ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit. Tarehe 24 Februari 2020, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika viwango vya WTA akiwa namba 133 duniani kwa mchezo wa mmoja mmoja. Tarehe 27 Septemba 2021, alifikia nafasi ya 164 duniani katika mchezo wa wawili wawili. Akiiwakilisha Austria Fed Cup team, Haas ana rekodi ya ushindi na kupoteza ya mechi 16–8. == Taaluma == Haas alianza kushiriki mashindano ya WTA Tour mwaka 2012 katika 2012 Gastein Ladies,<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.gastein-ladies.at/aktuelles_news_218.php](http://www.gastein-ladies.at/aktuelles_news_218.php) |title=Meusburger nach Abwehr von vier Matchbällen weiter - Haas verliert nach Führung ihr WTA-Debüt |work=[[Gastein Ladies]] |date=13 June 2012 |access-date=14 August 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120620235020/http://www.gastein-ladies.at/aktuelles_news_218.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20120620235020/http://www.gastein-ladies.at/aktuelles_news_218.php) |archive-date=20 June 2012 }}</ref> na pia alishiriki Linz Open ya 2012. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mo1lcdh8ryxv1clv85g83odau4no6q7 0 238852 1550632 2026-05-26T06:21:47Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elisabeth Habeler''' (amezaliwa tarehe 18 Novemba 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Habeler wieder zurück im Tennis- und Freizeitcenter |url=[https://www.bvz.at/mattersburg/neudoerfl-habeler-wieder-zurueck-im-tennis-und-freizeitcenter-neudoerfl-elisabeth-habeler-anna-maria-habeler-tenniscenter-neudoerfl-139615432](https://www.bvz.at/mattersburg/neudoerfl-habeler-wieder-zurueck-im-tennis-und-...' 1550632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabeth Habeler''' (amezaliwa tarehe 18 Novemba 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Habeler wieder zurück im Tennis- und Freizeitcenter |url=[https://www.bvz.at/mattersburg/neudoerfl-habeler-wieder-zurueck-im-tennis-und-freizeitcenter-neudoerfl-elisabeth-habeler-anna-maria-habeler-tenniscenter-neudoerfl-139615432](https://www.bvz.at/mattersburg/neudoerfl-habeler-wieder-zurueck-im-tennis-und-freizeitcenter-neudoerfl-elisabeth-habeler-anna-maria-habeler-tenniscenter-neudoerfl-139615432) |work=[www.bvz.at](http://www.bvz.at) |date=13 Machi 2019 |language=Kijerumani}}</ref> Habeler alikuwa na kiwango bora cha juu zaidi cha ubora katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja duniani akiwa namba 241. Ameshinda taji moja la ITF mjini Katowice mwaka 1994. Pia alishiriki katika hatua ya mchujo ya michuano ya 1996 Wimbledon Championships.<ref>{{cite web |title=ITF Tennis - Pro Circuit - Wimbledon - 24 June - 07 July 1996 |url=[https://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/women's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1020000153](https://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/women's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1020000153) |website=itftennis.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] axrm0bwwui1x2czn6l021uj8uhlffn6 0 238853 1550633 2026-05-26T06:22:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agha Narg''' (kama mwaka 1900 – mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960) alikuwa afisa wa serikali za mitaa nchini [[Afghanistan|Afghanistan.]] Alikuwa binti wa Mohammad Baig, ambaye alihudumu kama ''Arbab'', nafasi ya kisiasa ya ngazi ya chini inayofanya kazi kama mwamuzi rasmi wa kijamii. Alipata elimu ya msingi nyumbani kwao. Baadaye akawa mwanamke mashuhuri katika kijiji cha Tagaw Barg kilichopo Panjaw, kwenye [[Mkoa wa Bamyan]]. Mnamo miaka ya 1950, aliteul...' 1550633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agha Narg''' (kama mwaka 1900 – mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960) alikuwa afisa wa serikali za mitaa nchini [[Afghanistan|Afghanistan.]] Alikuwa binti wa Mohammad Baig, ambaye alihudumu kama ''Arbab'', nafasi ya kisiasa ya ngazi ya chini inayofanya kazi kama mwamuzi rasmi wa kijamii. Alipata elimu ya msingi nyumbani kwao. Baadaye akawa mwanamke mashuhuri katika kijiji cha Tagaw Barg kilichopo Panjaw, kwenye [[Mkoa wa Bamyan]]. Mnamo miaka ya 1950, aliteuliwa kumrithi baba yake kama Arbab wa jamii za Nargis, Gargar, na Tagaw Barg.<ref>Emadi, H. (2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Storbritannien: Bloomsbury Publishing. p184</ref> Alikuwa afisa wa serikali za mitaa aliyefanikiwa sana. Alielezewa kama mtu aliyejitolea na mwenye mapenzi makubwa katika kutetea maslahi ya jamii yake. Aliaminiwa sana na wananchi wa eneo hilo, ambao mara kwa mara walitafuta ushauri na maamuzi yake badala ya kwenda kwa maafisa wa serikali kuu.<ref>Emadi, H. (2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Storbritannien: Bloomsbury Publishing.p184</ref> Alidumu katika nafasi hiyo katika miaka yote ya 1960. Alifariki dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka sitini mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Agha Narg alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wachache sana wanaojulikana kuhudumu rasmi na moja kwa moja katika nafasi ya 'arbab' kwenye jamii ya kijijini nchini Afghanistan.<ref>Emadi, H. (2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Storbritannien: Bloomsbury Publishing.p184</ref> Miongoni mwa wanawake wengine wachache waliofanya hivyo alikuwa Mah-e-Alam, mwanamke wa dhehebu la Ismaili aliyeiwakilisha jamii ya Dand katika Wilaya ya Zibak, Mkoa wa Badakhshan mapema miaka ya 1970, pamoja na Arbab Khadija, binti wa Murad Ali Karbalaye, aliyehudumu kama 'arbab' wa vijiji vya Anta na Shatu mkoani Bamiyan mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970.<ref>Emadi, H. (2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Storbritannien: Bloomsbury Publishing.p184</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1960}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] bn6jv62qrxpzce046g3m8r8iumm79py 0 238854 1550635 2026-05-26T06:24:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nasrullah Khan Barakzai'''(1874 – Mei 1920), wakati mwingine jina lake huandikwa kama '''Nasr Ullah Khan''',<ref name="NYTimes 24.05.1895">{{Cite news |title = Afghanistan Ameer's Prince |newspaper = [[New York Times]] |location = New York |date = 24 May 1895 |url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/05/24/106062663.pdf |access-date= 19 February 2010 }}</ref> alikuwa [[Shah#Shahzada|shahzada]] (mwanamfalme wa taji) wa [[Afghanistan]] n...' 1550635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasrullah Khan Barakzai'''(1874 – Mei 1920), wakati mwingine jina lake huandikwa kama '''Nasr Ullah Khan''',<ref name="NYTimes 24.05.1895">{{Cite news |title = Afghanistan Ameer's Prince |newspaper = [[New York Times]] |location = New York |date = 24 May 1895 |url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/05/24/106062663.pdf |access-date= 19 February 2010 }}</ref> alikuwa [[Shah#Shahzada|shahzada]] (mwanamfalme wa taji) wa [[Afghanistan]] na mtoto wa pili wa kiume wa Emiri [[Abdur Rahman Khan]]. Alikalia kiti cha enzi cha Afghanistan kama Emiri kwa muda wa wiki moja tu, kuanzia tarehe 21 hadi 28 Februari 1919, hadi pale mtoto wa Habibullah, Amanullah, alipofanya mapinduzi ya kijeshi dhidi ya mjomba wake huyo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1874|1920}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] dfd1wcd0fs9ms5emz69uwja33wzfxs7 0 238855 1550638 2026-05-26T06:28:18Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Béatrice Lomeya Atilite''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC : Gisèle Ndaya Luseba s’engage à « poursuivre le travail accompli » par Béatrice Lomeya|url=https://actualite.cd/2021/04/28/rdc-gisele-ndaya-luseba-sengage-poursuivre-le-travail-accompli-par-beatrice-lomeya|work=Actualite.cd|date=2021-04-28|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oq2ygfutrr8f8yeynil3tsu8j4m94rt 0 238856 1550639 2026-05-26T06:28:55Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eva-Maria Hoch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 6 Agosti 1984) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda mataji saba ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 26 Novemba 2007, alifikia nafasi yake bora zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 491 duniani. Tarehe 8 Oktoba 2007, alifikia nafasi ya 354 duniani katika viwango vya wawili wawili vya WTA. Hoch alifanya kwanza...' 1550639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva-Maria Hoch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 6 Agosti 1984) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda mataji saba ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 26 Novemba 2007, alifikia nafasi yake bora zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 491 duniani. Tarehe 8 Oktoba 2007, alifikia nafasi ya 354 duniani katika viwango vya wawili wawili vya WTA. Hoch alifanya kwanza kushiriki mashindano ya WTA Tour katika 2007 Gastein Ladies, akicheza katika michuano ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mchezo wa wawili wawili.<ref name="WTA debut">{{cite web|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Draws/2007/1036.pdf|title=Gastein](http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Draws/2007/1036.pdf|title=Gastein) Ladies 07|work=[[Women's Tennis Association]]|date=23–29 July 2007|accessdate=12 March 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oahjt8jodfbwda0oeiy459l7tfy6e2f 0 238857 1550641 2026-05-26T06:29:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siku ya Arafah]] hadi [[Siku ya Arafa]] 1550641 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Siku ya Arafa]] 9uncmz4y0b6str9fs4x9hgiguigq1a9 0 238858 1550643 2026-05-26T06:32:03Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nikola Hofmanova''' (amezaliwa tarehe 3 Februari 1991, kama Nikola Hofmanová) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Hofmanova alizaliwa katika [[Chomutov]], Czechoslovakia. Katika taaluma yake alishinda mataji matatu ya mmoja mmoja na mawili ya wawili wawili kwenye Mzunguko wa ITF. Tarehe 12 Aprili 2010 alifikia kiwango chake bora cha ubora katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja duniani akiwa namba 161. Tarehe 18 Julai 2011 alifikia...' 1550643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikola Hofmanova''' (amezaliwa tarehe 3 Februari 1991, kama Nikola Hofmanová) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Hofmanova alizaliwa katika [[Chomutov]], Czechoslovakia. Katika taaluma yake alishinda mataji matatu ya mmoja mmoja na mawili ya wawili wawili kwenye Mzunguko wa ITF. Tarehe 12 Aprili 2010 alifikia kiwango chake bora cha ubora katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja duniani akiwa namba 161. Tarehe 18 Julai 2011 alifikia nafasi ya 223 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili. Akiwa mchezaji chipukizi (junior), Hofmanova alifikia kiwango cha juu kabisa duniani namba 4. Alishinda mashindano ya Orange Bowl Tennis Championships mwaka 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100076403|title=Nikola](https://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100076403|title=Nikola) Hofmanova|website=[www.itftennis.com|publisher=[[International](http://www.itftennis.com|publisher=[[International) Tennis Federation]]}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka 2006 hadi 2009, alicheza mechi nne za timu ya Austria Fed Cup team. Mnamo Agosti 2015, Hofmanova alicheza mechi yake ya mwisho katika mashindano ya kulipwa. == ITF Circuit Finals == === Mchezo wa mmoja mmoja: 8 (mataji 3, mshindi wa pili 5) === {| class="wikitable" | ! Matokeo !! Na. !! Tarehe !! Mashindano !! Uso !! Mpinzani !! Matokeo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | - | - | ---------------- | - | ---------------------------- | - | ------ | - | ------------------- | - | ------------- | | Ushindi | | 1 | | 4 Agosti 2008 | | ITF Vienna, Austria | | Clay | | Nikola Vajdová | | 6–3, 6–1 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 2 | | 15 Septemba 2008 | | ITF Qarshi, Uzbekistan | | Hard | | Elena Kulikova | | 6–2, 3–6, 4–6 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ushindi | | 3 | | 4 Mei 2009 | | Fukuoka International, Japan | | Carpet | | Chang Kai-chen | | 6–3, 6–2 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 4 | | 18 Mei 2009 | | ITF Nagano, Japan | | Carpet | | Zhang Shuai | | 7–5, 2–6, 3–6 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 5 | | 1 Juni 2009 | | ITF Bukhara, Uzbekistan | | Hard | | Arina Rodionova | | 3–6, 2–6 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 6 | | 3 Agosti 2009 | | ITF Astana, Kazakhstan | | Hard | | Anastasiya Yakimova | | 0–6, 4–6 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 7 | | 3 Mei 2010 | | Fukuoka International, Japan | | Carpet | | Junri Namigata | | 1–6, 2–6 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ushindi | | 8 | | 2 Mei 2011 | | ITF Bukhara, Uzbekistan | | Hard | | Marta Sirotkina | | 6–4, 7–5 | | } | | | | | | | | | | | | | === Mchezo wa wawili wawili: 8 (mataji 2, mshindi wa pili 6) === {| class="wikitable" | ! Matokeo !! Na. !! Tarehe !! Mashindano !! Uso !! Mshirika !! Wapinzani !! Matokeo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | - | - | --------------- | - | ---------------------------- | - | ------ | - | ------------------ | - | ------------------------------------------- | - | ----------------- | | Ushindi | | 1 | | 21 Mei 2007 | | ITF Vienna, Austria | | Clay | | Teliana Pereira | | Katarína Poljaková / Zuzana Zlochová | | 7–6(7–1), 6–3 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ushindi | | 2 | | 24 Machi 2008 | | ITF Goudi, Greece | | Hard | | Vivienne Vierin | | Raffaella Bindi / Biljana Pawlowa-Dimitrova | | 5–7, 7–5, [10–7] | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 3 | | 4 Agosti 2008 | | ITF Vienna, Austria | | Clay | | Laura-Ioana Andrei | | Ľudmila Cervanová / Katarína Maráčková | | 6–0, 3–6, [11–13] | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 4 | | 1 Februari 2010 | | ITF Belfort, France | | Carpet | | Karina Pimkina | | Elena Bovina / Irena Pavlovic | | 2–6, 6–2, [6–10] | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 5 | | 8 Februari 2010 | | ITF Stockholm, Sweden | | Hard | | Yvonne Meusburger | | Ksenia Milevskaya / Lesia Tsurenko | | 4–6, 5–7 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 6 | | 20 Juni 2011 | | ITF Lenzerheide, Switzerland | | Clay | | Romana Tabak | | Ani Mijačika / Amra Sadiković | | 6–4, 2–6, [4–10] | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 7 | | 20 Julai 2015 | | ITF Bad Waltersdorf, Austria | | Clay | | Janina Toljan | | Natalie Suk / Anna Vrbenská | | 1–6, 5–7 | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fainali | | 8 | | 10 Agosti 2015 | | ITF Innsbruck, Austria | | Clay | | Natasha Bredl | | Anita Husarić / Daria Lodikova | | 4–6, 6–4, [7–10] | | } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ei40knf3208jr95lcu5abveg889c553 0 238859 1550644 2026-05-26T06:32:04Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Niranjan Das''' alikuwa Mhindu wa [[Afghanistan]] aliongoza Idara ya Ushuru katika Emirati ya Afghanistan chini ya utawala wa [[Amanullah Khan]] (utawala wa miaka ya 1919 - 1926). Akiwa na cheo cha heshima cha Kanali wa Kiraia, Das aliongoza zaidi ya maafisa mia nne wa makabila ya Mohammadzai na Barakzai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Rhea Talley |title=Fire in Afghanistan, 1914-1929; faith, hope, and the British Empire |publisher=Doubl...' 1550644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niranjan Das''' alikuwa Mhindu wa [[Afghanistan]] aliongoza Idara ya Ushuru katika Emirati ya Afghanistan chini ya utawala wa [[Amanullah Khan]] (utawala wa miaka ya 1919 - 1926). Akiwa na cheo cha heshima cha Kanali wa Kiraia, Das aliongoza zaidi ya maafisa mia nne wa makabila ya Mohammadzai na Barakzai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Rhea Talley |title=Fire in Afghanistan, 1914-1929; faith, hope, and the British Empire |publisher=Doubleday Company |year=1973 |isbn=0-385-08742-X |location=Newyork |pages=79, 87 |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1919, Khan alimjumuisha miongoni mwa wajumbe kumi waliowakilisha Afghanistan katika Mkutano wa Amani wa Rawalpindi-Mussourie Mkataba wa Waingereza na Waafghanistan wa 1919 na Ufalme wa Muungano — labda hii ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa Mhindu kupata uwakilishi wa kisiasa katika Emirati ya Afghanistan.<ref name=":0" />{{Efn|Khan anasifika sana kama mwasisi wa mrengo wa kiliberali nchini Afghanistan, ingawa hakufanikiwa kikamilifu. Aliondoa msururu wa vitendo vya ubaguzi vilivyowekwa dhidi ya wasio Waislamu, na kuwapa fursa sawa katika masuala ya kiserikali.<ref>Abdul Ghani (1921). A Review of the Political Situation in Central Asia, Lahore: Khosla Brothers</ref>}} Baada ya Khan kujiuzulu kufuatia uasi mkubwa wa [[Wasaqqawist]], Das alikimbia Afghanistan na kwenda kuishi nchini Uhindi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1880||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] f5ufojiqs3syrk6igzmagmqy3d08r4l 1550646 1550644 2026-05-26T06:33:47Z Egipa 87700 1550646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niranjan Das''' alikuwa Mhindu wa [[Afghanistan]] aliongoza Idara ya Ushuru katika Emirati ya Afghanistan chini ya utawala wa [[Amanullah Khan]] (utawala wa miaka ya 1919 - 1926). Akiwa na cheo cha heshima cha Kanali wa Kiraia, Das aliongoza zaidi ya maafisa mia nne wa makabila ya Mohammadzai na Barakzai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Rhea Talley |title=Fire in Afghanistan, 1914-1929; faith, hope, and the British Empire |publisher=Doubleday Company |year=1973 |isbn=0-385-08742-X |location=Newyork |pages=79, 87 |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1919, Khan alimjumuisha miongoni mwa wajumbe kumi waliowakilisha Afghanistan katika Mkutano wa Amani wa Rawalpindi-Mussourie Mkataba wa Waingereza na Waafghanistan wa 1919 na Ufalme wa Muungano — labda hii ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa Mhindu kupata uwakilishi wa kisiasa katika Emirati ya Afghanistan.ufanikiwa kikamilifu. Aliondoa msururu wa vitendo vya ubaguzi vilivyowekwa dhidi ya wasio Waislamu, na kuwapa fursa sawa katika masuala ya kiserikali.<ref>Abdul Ghani (1921). A Review of the Political Situation in Central Asia, Lahore: Khosla Brothers</ref>}} Baada ya Khan kujiuzulu kufuatia uasi mkubwa wa [[Wasaqqawist]], Das alikimbia Afghanistan na kwenda kuishi nchini Uhindi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1880||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] r1j5mdvhql7snui9gap27jhvj8wejgb 0 238860 1550647 2026-05-26T06:34:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baudouin Liwanga''' ni mwanajeshi wa ngazi ya juu na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Mkuu wa Majeshi ya Jeshi la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2004, na pia alikuwa gavana wa mkoa wa Kinshasa kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2007. <ref>{{Citation|title=DR Congo army gets new general chief of staff|url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/africa/2004/5/26/Congo-army-gets-new-general-chief-staff,be63307e-63f6-4b07-9354-90904fccccdb.html|work=ANGOP|language=EN-US|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g63yaw8f1spr1x3w3pj6niq9b83q7m1 0 238861 1550649 2026-05-26T06:38:10Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sayyid Abdulillah''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] katika serikali ya [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]], akihudumu kama makamu wa rais, naibu waziri mkuu na waziri wa fedha. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1945, akapata elimu yake nchini Afghanistan na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul]] mnamo mwaka 1970.<ref name="adamec1">{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan |date=1...' 1550649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sayyid Abdulillah''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] katika serikali ya [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]], akihudumu kama makamu wa rais, naibu waziri mkuu na waziri wa fedha. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1945, akapata elimu yake nchini Afghanistan na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul]] mnamo mwaka 1970.<ref name="adamec1">{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan |date=1975 |publisher=Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt |location=Graz |isbn=3201009210}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 4dcpd5m3wjwnyyn54gxbet1p5n7jgtf 0 238862 1550651 2026-05-26T06:39:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''André Lite''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Haki za Binadamu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Ilunga iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021, na pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> Yeye ni kiongozi wa kundi la kisiasa linaloitwa Christian Alternative for the Congo na pia chama cha Christian Democrats for the Congo. Anasema kuwa anaamini amepokea jukumu kutoka kwa Mungu la kuchangia kurejesha ukuu wa Kongo kwa utukufu wa Mungu, na kwamba maendeleo ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo yanategemea hilo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qudy8vgdxawxdkvk99ay97ufgfvatn9 0 238863 1550652 2026-05-26T06:40:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sayyid Abdulillah''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] katika serikali ya [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]], akihudumu kama makamu wa rais, naibu waziri mkuu na waziri wa fedha. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1945, akapata elimu yake nchini Afghanistan na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul]] mnamo mwaka 1970.<ref name="adamec1">{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan |date=1...' 1550652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sayyid Abdulillah''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] katika serikali ya [[Mohammad Daoud Khan]], akihudumu kama makamu wa rais, naibu waziri mkuu na waziri wa fedha. Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1945, akapata elimu yake nchini Afghanistan na kutunukiwa shahada ya awali ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul]] mnamo mwaka 1970.<ref name="adamec1">{{cite book |last1=Adamec |first1=Ludwig W. |title=Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan |date=1975 |publisher=Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt |location=Graz |isbn=3201009210}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1945||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 4dcpd5m3wjwnyyn54gxbet1p5n7jgtf 0 238864 1550654 2026-05-26T06:42:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Homeira Malikyar Seljuqi''' (1912–1990) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Pamoja na [[Aziza Gardizi]], walikuwa wanawake wawili wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa Maseneta mnamo mwaka 1965. == Wasifu == Baba yake Seljuqi alifariki dunia akiwa bado msichana mdogo. Baada ya kutumwa nchini [[Uhindi]] kwa ajili ya matibabu ya ugonjwa uliokuwa ukimsumbua, Seljuqi alikutana na mume wake wa baadaye, Salihuddin Seljuk, ambaye alikuwa balozi mdogo wa Afghanistan.<...' 1550654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Homeira Malikyar Seljuqi''' (1912–1990) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]]. Pamoja na [[Aziza Gardizi]], walikuwa wanawake wawili wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa Maseneta mnamo mwaka 1965. == Wasifu == Baba yake Seljuqi alifariki dunia akiwa bado msichana mdogo. Baada ya kutumwa nchini [[Uhindi]] kwa ajili ya matibabu ya ugonjwa uliokuwa ukimsumbua, Seljuqi alikutana na mume wake wa baadaye, Salihuddin Seljuk, ambaye alikuwa balozi mdogo wa Afghanistan.<ref name=AG>[http://www.afghan-german.net/upload/Tahlilha_PDF/fazel_lemar_saljuqi.pdf عالمه استاد صالح الدین سلجوقی] Afghan German</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|1990}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] kqsa6kwjfp9s3hinptqkdk985w0yw5f 0 238865 1550655 2026-05-26T06:45:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shahswar''' ({{Floruit}} miaka ya 1940) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] alihudumu kama waziri chini ya utawala wa [[Salemai]], ambaye alitawala katika |Mkoa wa Mashariki]] pekee. Majina mengine yanayoweza kutumika kuandika jina lake ni pamoja na Shah Sarwar<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHeQAAAAMAAJ|title=British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946...' 1550655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahswar''' ({{Floruit}} miaka ya 1940) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Afghanistan]] alihudumu kama waziri chini ya utawala wa [[Salemai]], ambaye alitawala katika |Mkoa wa Mashariki]] pekee. Majina mengine yanayoweza kutumika kuandika jina lake ni pamoja na Shah Sarwar<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHeQAAAAMAAJ|title=British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East 1947. Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, january 1947-december 1947|last=Yapp|first=Malcolm|date=2001|publisher=University Publications of America|isbn=978-1-55655-765-1|pages=136|language=en}}</ref> na Shasawar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=David B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNE8DgAAQBAJ|title=Caravan of Martyrs: Sacrifice and Suicide Bombing in Afghanistan|date=2017-05-09|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-29479-0|pages=33|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afghanistan]] haysrnu1fo5qs0vwlj4hlci5b92fod0 0 238866 1550656 2026-05-26T06:45:50Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence M Simon Ikenga Lisambola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mipango na Makazi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga.<ref>{{Citation|last=Bavier|first=Joe|title=Old ministers in new cabinet {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/old-ministers-in-new-cabinet-20081027|work=News24|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Serikali hiyo iliyoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga ilianza rasmi tarehe 25 Novemba 2007. Lisambola pia ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ts4kaw08nmbigfg6x9dqgi98l65b5ra 1550727 1550656 2026-05-26T08:34:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Laurent-Simon Ikenge Lisambola]] 1550727 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Laurent-Simon Ikenge Lisambola]] 84m4rjpfu7iy01ojsqy8rqc3fivic5w 0 238867 1550657 2026-05-26T06:46:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Petra Huber''' (amezaliwa tarehe 15 Februari 1966) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya vijana (Junior career) === Kabla ya kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa, Huber alishiriki kwa mafanikio katika mashindano ya vijana. Mwaka 1982, alishirikiana na Judith Polz kufika nusu fainali ya mchezo wa wawili wawili wa wasichana katika Australian Open na robo fainali ya French Open. Pia alifika nusu fainali katika mch...' 1550657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petra Huber''' (amezaliwa tarehe 15 Februari 1966) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya vijana (Junior career) === Kabla ya kuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa, Huber alishiriki kwa mafanikio katika mashindano ya vijana. Mwaka 1982, alishirikiana na Judith Polz kufika nusu fainali ya mchezo wa wawili wawili wa wasichana katika Australian Open na robo fainali ya French Open. Pia alifika nusu fainali katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja wa wasichana kwenye 1983 French Open.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20003212|title=ITF](http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20003212|title=ITF) Tennis – Juniors – Player Profile – Huber, Petra (AUT)|publisher=[[International Tennis Federation|ITF]]|accessdate=1 July 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fw7rzjq1jkt5e9m2qlfx3do4fyls7lc 0 238868 1550658 2026-05-26T06:51:59Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Pierre Lihau''' (amezaliwa 20 Januari 1975 mjini Kinshasa) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma, Uboreshaji wa Utawala na Ubunifu katika Huduma za Umma katika baraza la mawaziri la Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde <ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC {{!}} Les filles du Professeur Marcel Antoine Lihau, ou Lihau Ebua Libana la Molengo honorent sa mémoire 25 ans après à Kinshasa !|url=https://lintervieweur.cd/2024/04/11/rdc-les-filles-du-professeur-marcel-antoine-lihau-ou-lihau-ebua-libana-la-molengo-honorent-sa-memoire-25-ans-apres-a-kinshasa/|work=L'intervieweur|date=2024-04-11|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR|author=L'intervieweur.cd}}</ref>(serikali ya Lukonde). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 64ki8l9z5iywz06x3ywd7556ot2onvg 0 238869 1550660 2026-05-26T06:52:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniela Klemenschits''' (13 Novemba 1982 – 9 Aprili 2008) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref name=iht>{{cite news|title=Mchezaji wa zamani wa tenisi wa Austria Daniela Klemenschits afariki kwa saratani akiwa na umri wa miaka 25|url=[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/09/sports/EU-SPT-TEN-Obit-Klemenschits.php|agency=[[Associated](http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/09/sports/EU-SPT-TEN-Obit-Klemenschits.php|agency...' 1550660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniela Klemenschits''' (13 Novemba 1982 – 9 Aprili 2008) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref name=iht>{{cite news|title=Mchezaji wa zamani wa tenisi wa Austria Daniela Klemenschits afariki kwa saratani akiwa na umri wa miaka 25|url=[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/09/sports/EU-SPT-TEN-Obit-Klemenschits.php|agency=[[Associated](http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/09/sports/EU-SPT-TEN-Obit-Klemenschits.php|agency=[[Associated) Press]]|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=9 Aprili 2008|access-date=13 Aprili 2008}}</ref> Alishinda jumla ya mataji 23 ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mzunguko wa ITF katika taaluma yake. == Maisha ya Awali == Daniela pamoja na dada yake pacha Sandra Klemenschits (pia mchezaji wa tenisi wa kulipwa) walizaliwa mjini [[Vienna]], Austria. == Taaluma ya Tenisi == Daniela alicheza mchezo wa wawili wawili akiwa na dada yake Sandra katika WTA Tour na ITF Women's Circuit.<ref name=iht/> Wawili hao walikuwa miongoni mwa timu bora za Austria katika mchezo wa wawili wawili katikati ya miaka ya 2000, na kuwa timu namba 1 ya nchi hiyo mwaka 2006. Daniela alishinda jumla ya mataji 23 katika ngazi ya ITF na kufika fainali moja katika ngazi ya WTA Tour. Aliwahi kufika ndani ya 100 bora ya viwango vya dunia vya mchezo wa wawili wawili mwaka 2005.<ref name=iht/> Pia aliwakilisha Austria katika Fed Cup mwaka 2005, waliposhinda dhidi ya timu ya Uswisi. Mechi yake ya mwisho ya kulipwa ilikuwa tarehe 14 Desemba 2006 mjini Valašské Meziříčí, Jamhuri ya Czech, akiwa na dada yake Sandra, ambapo walishindwa katika raundi ya kwanza dhidi ya Eva Hrdinová na Stanislava Hrozenská kwa seti 5–7, 2–6. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982|2008}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] 9jethzu4ohd4kd249s7j2a8gs9gm9z3 0 238870 1550663 2026-05-26T06:55:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandra Klemenschits''' (amezaliwa tarehe 13 Novemba 1982) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda taji moja la mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya WTA Tour (akiwa na Andreja Klepač) pamoja na mataji 40 ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit.<ref>[[http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~4349,00.html](http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Pla...' 1550663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Klemenschits''' (amezaliwa tarehe 13 Novemba 1982) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda taji moja la mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya WTA Tour (akiwa na Andreja Klepač) pamoja na mataji 40 ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit.<ref>[[http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~4349,00.html](http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~4349,00.html) Sandra Klemenschits] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220823140207/http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~4349,00.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20220823140207/http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~4349,00.html) |date=23 August 2022 }} WTA profile.</ref><ref>[[http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20010617](http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20010617) Sandra Klemenschits] ITF profile.</ref> Klemenschits alitangaza kuwa mashindano ya 2016 Generali Ladies Linz yangekuwa mashindano yake ya mwisho kabla ya kustaafu kutoka mchezo wa tenisi ya kulipwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://de.tennisnet.com/a/wta-tour-sandra-klemenschits-nimmt-bei-den-generali-ladies-linz-abschied-70485](http://de.tennisnet.com/a/wta-tour-sandra-klemenschits-nimmt-bei-den-generali-ladies-linz-abschied-70485) |title=WTA-Tour Sandra Klemenschits nimmt bei den Generali Ladies Linz Abschied - de.tennisnet.com |website=de.tennisnet.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161006034128/http://de.tennisnet.com/a/wta-tour-sandra-klemenschits-nimmt-bei-den-generali-ladies-linz-abschied-70485](https://web.archive.org/web/20161006034128/http://de.tennisnet.com/a/wta-tour-sandra-klemenschits-nimmt-bei-den-generali-ladies-linz-abschied-70485) |archive-date=2016-10-06}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g6zlf8p8ilnmh5ydcdzkvzc1k7zgx3u 0 238871 1550665 2026-05-26T06:57:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Leku Apuobo''' alikuwa Msimamizi wa Ituri Interim Administration katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]] kuanzia Aprili 2003 hadi 2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=In remote part of Congo, normalcy inches forward|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0624/p08s01-woaf.html|work=Christian Science Monitor|issn=0882-7729|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Utawala huo uliendesha Wilaya ya Ituri iliyokuwa ndani ya Mkoa wa Orientale hadi mwaka 2015, ambapo eneo hilo lilibadilishwa na kuwa Mkoa wa Ituri. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] no4qljecm4qnxj310gdxdrwdlpksi3i 0 238872 1550666 2026-05-26T07:01:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pia König''' ({{IPA|de|ˈpiːa ˈkøːnɪç}};<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dudenredaktion|last2=Kleiner|first2=Stefan|last3=Knöbl|first3=Ralf|year=2015|orig-year=First published 1962|title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=Kamusi ya Matamshi|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=Toleo](https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=Toleo) la 7|location=Berlin|publisher=Dudenverlag|isbn=978-...' 1550666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pia König''' ({{IPA|de|ˈpiːa ˈkøːnɪç}};<ref>{{cite book|author1=Dudenredaktion|last2=Kleiner|first2=Stefan|last3=Knöbl|first3=Ralf|year=2015|orig-year=First published 1962|title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=Kamusi ya Matamshi|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=Toleo](https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=Toleo) la 7|location=Berlin|publisher=Dudenverlag|isbn=978-3-411-04067-4|pages=520, 683}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Krech|first1=Eva-Maria|last2=Stock|first2=Eberhard|last3=Hirschfeld|first3=Ursula|last4=Anders|first4=Lutz Christian|title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=Kamusi ya Matamshi ya Kijerumani|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=E-1tr_oVkW4C&q=deutsches+ausspracheworterbuch|language=German|year=2009|publisher=Walter](https://books.google.com/books?id=E-1tr_oVkW4C&q=deutsches+ausspracheworterbuch|language=German|year=2009|publisher=Walter) de Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-11-018202-6|pages=664, 823}}</ref>; amezaliwa tarehe 14 Mei 1993) ni aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. König ana rekodi bora ya juu zaidi ya maisha yake ya viwango vya [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 306 duniani, aliyofikia tarehe 21 Septemba 2015, na pia alifikia nafasi ya 316 duniani katika mchezo wa wawili wawili tarehe 27 Februari 2017. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda mataji matatu ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji 12 ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit. Tangu mwaka 2017, König ameichezea timu ya Austria katika mashindano ya Fed Cup akiwa na rekodi ya ushindi na kupoteza ya 0–3. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5owybra48hoew1xzao8rfaddzu4q6k6 0 238873 1550667 2026-05-26T07:04:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Henriett Koósz''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Februari 1980 mjini Kőszeg) ni mchezaji wa [[Austria]] wa para badminton na pia ni mchezaji wa zamani wa wheelchair tennis (tenisi ya viti vya magurudumu).<ref name="weltdefrau_0516">{{cite web |last1=Klikovits |first1=Petra |title=Zeit zum Brückenbauen |url=[http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/](http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/) |...' 1550667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henriett Koósz''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Februari 1980 mjini Kőszeg) ni mchezaji wa [[Austria]] wa para badminton na pia ni mchezaji wa zamani wa wheelchair tennis (tenisi ya viti vya magurudumu).<ref name="weltdefrau_0516">{{cite web |last1=Klikovits |first1=Petra |title=Zeit zum Brückenbauen |url=[http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/](http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/) |publisher=Welt der Frau |accessdate=26 Septemba 2016 |date=Mei 2015 |archive-date=2 Februari 2017 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001238/http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/](https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001238/http://www.welt-der-frau.at/themen/titelgeschichten/zeit-zum-brueckenbauen/) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akiwa mjumbe wa timu ya Austria ya Paralimpiki katika mchezo wa wheelchair tennis, alishiriki katika Paralympics ya 2012 iliyofanyika London.<ref name="falter_2012">{{cite web |title="Hii ilikuwa ndoto yangu kila wakati" |url=[https://cms.falter.at/falter/2012/08/21/das-war-immer-mein-traum/](https://cms.falter.at/falter/2012/08/21/das-war-immer-mein-traum/) |publisher=Falter |accessdate=26 Septemba 2016 |date=21 Agosti 2012}}</ref><ref name="profil_2012">{{cite web |last1=Hofer |first1=Sebastian |title=Wachezaji wa Austria katika Paralimpiki wakiwa kwenye hatua ya mwisho ya maandalizi |url=[http://www.profil.at/home/paralympics-oesterreichs-paralympics-teilnehmer-endspurt-337249](http://www.profil.at/home/paralympics-oesterreichs-paralympics-teilnehmer-endspurt-337249) |publisher=profil |accessdate=26 Septemba 2016 |date=22 Agosti 2012}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2016, aliiwakilisha Austria katika mashindano ya para-badminton kwenye Austrian Open.<ref>{{cite web |title=Para-Badminton at Austrian Open |url=[http://www.badmintoneurope.com/cms/default.aspx?clubid=4685&m=3259871&cmsid=239&pageid=5381](http://www.badmintoneurope.com/cms/default.aspx?clubid=4685&m=3259871&cmsid=239&pageid=5381) |publisher=Badminton Europe |accessdate=26 Septemba 2016 |date=25 Februari 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Austrian Open 2016: Ulaya kuvunja utawala wa Asia Vienna |url=[http://sportreport.biz/2016/02/28/austrian-open-2016-europa-durchbricht-asiatische-dominanz-in-wien/](http://sportreport.biz/2016/02/28/austrian-open-2016-europa-durchbricht-asiatische-dominanz-in-wien/) |publisher=Sport Report |accessdate=26 Septemba 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bjdvganke9bsegj2ki1v5c9e7f6kbpf 0 238874 1550668 2026-05-26T07:04:44Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent-Simon Ikenge Lisambola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Mipango Miji na Makazi katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga (Gizenga I), na baadaye Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma katika serikali ya Gizenga II kuanzia Februari 2007 hadi Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congo Vision : Nouvelles visions pour le Congo et l'Afrique|url=http://www.congovision.com/nouvelles/remaniement261107.html|work=www.congovision.com|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] b3lh7l29s3nyri4dn0rlqvaxr89a1tf 1550728 1550668 2026-05-26T08:34:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent-Simon Ikenge Lisambola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Mipango Miji na Makazi katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga (Gizenga I), na baadaye Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma katika serikali ya Gizenga II kuanzia Februari 2007 hadi Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congo Vision : Nouvelles visions pour le Congo et l'Afrique|url=http://www.congovision.com/nouvelles/remaniement261107.html|work=www.congovision.com|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Bavier|first=Joe|title=Old ministers in new cabinet {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/old-ministers-in-new-cabinet-20081027|work=News24|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 29769kh34hbqo1j4ifvj73jkgvtgadx 0 238875 1550669 2026-05-26T07:13:55Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Delphin Bugigi Kyubwa''' ni kiongozi wa harakati za kisiasa katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa chama cha Party for National Reform.<ref>{{Cite web|title=lepotentiel.com|url=https://www.lepotentiel.com//afficher_supplement.php?id_article=101863&id_supplement=8&id_edition=6005|work=www.lepotentiel.com|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3fxd2mv2xwj39t3c471c22f5tke7ieh 0 238876 1550670 2026-05-26T07:17:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saydal Sokhandan''' alikuwa mshairi wa [[Afghanistan]], mwanaharakati wa [[Umao]] (Maoist),<ref>{{cite web | title=ALO Martyrs Day marked | website=Afghanistan Liberation Organization | date=12 November 1997 | url=https://rehayi.org/alo/en/alo-martyrs-day-marked/ | access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref> na kiongozi wa wanafunzi. Alikuwa akisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul mapema miaka ya 1970. Aliratibu na kuunganisha wanafunzi kutoka shirika la Progressive Yo...' 1550670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saydal Sokhandan''' alikuwa mshairi wa [[Afghanistan]], mwanaharakati wa [[Umao]] (Maoist),<ref>{{cite web | title=ALO Martyrs Day marked | website=Afghanistan Liberation Organization | date=12 November 1997 | url=https://rehayi.org/alo/en/alo-martyrs-day-marked/ | access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref> na kiongozi wa wanafunzi. Alikuwa akisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kabul mapema miaka ya 1970. Aliratibu na kuunganisha wanafunzi kutoka shirika la Progressive Youth Organization (PYO) chuoni hapo. PYO inachukuliwa kuwa muundo wa kwanza wa kimapinduzi wa [[Ukomunisti]] nchini Afghanistan uliofuata mtazamo wa kiitikadi wa Maoist. Sokhandan aliuawa na [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] mapema miaka ya 1970.<ref>{{cite web | author=Mohammad Zubair khan | title=He stands accused of killing 50,000 civilians | website=news | date=29 September 2016 | url=https://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/afghanistan-government-signs-deal-with-the-butcher-of-kabul-in-landmark-deal-despite-war-crimes/news-story/b1f733a6b1e431a75b17c33ffe2f5182 | access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950||}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afghanistan]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afghanistan]] 2fzvrx8ka8i8enbnplf8oledpnudloa 0 238877 1550671 2026-05-26T07:20:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Claude Muyambo Kyassa''' (amezaliwa 26 Oktoba 1965) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na mwenyekiti wa taifa wa chama cha Solidarity for Democracy and Development.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC: Jean-Claude Muyambo Kyassa annonce sa candidature à la présidentielle de 2023|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230104-rdc-jean-claude-muyambo-kyassa-annonce-sa-candidature-%C3%A0-la-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-de-2023|work=RFI|date=2023-01-04|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ku1ozbgf32lghpctpxxniz407fl48f3 0 238878 1550672 2026-05-26T07:25:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sinja Kraus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 2002) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Amefikia viwango vya juu zaidi vya maisha yake katika WTA rankings, akiwa namba 98 duniani katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja tarehe 25 Mei 2026, na namba 207 katika mchezo wa wawili wawili mwezi Aprili 2026. Kraus ameshinda taji moja la WTA 125 katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja pamoja na mataji 13 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mawili ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mas...' 1550672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sinja Kraus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 2002) ni mchezaji wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Amefikia viwango vya juu zaidi vya maisha yake katika WTA rankings, akiwa namba 98 duniani katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja tarehe 25 Mei 2026, na namba 207 katika mchezo wa wawili wawili mwezi Aprili 2026. Kraus ameshinda taji moja la WTA 125 katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja pamoja na mataji 13 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mawili ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Circuit. == Taaluma == === 2017–2019: Kazi ya vijana (Junior career) === Kraus alishinda medali ya shaba katika 2017 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival iliyofanyika [[Győr]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.olympia.at/main.asp?kat1=87&kat2=538&NID=19030|title=Sinja](https://www.olympia.at/main.asp?kat1=87&kat2=538&NID=19030|title=Sinja) jubelt über Bronze|language=German|publisher=[www.olympia.at|date=29](http://www.olympia.at|date=29) July 2017|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> Alifikia kiwango chake bora katika ITF Junior Circuit akiwa namba 87 duniani tarehe 21 Januari 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/sinja-kraus/800412487/aut/jt/s/overview/](https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/sinja-kraus/800412487/aut/jt/s/overview/) |title=Sinja Kraus ITF|date=15 March 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dasjgtbgva7slqggno816glbvqgxk0y 0 238879 1550673 2026-05-26T07:27:20Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kyamusoke Bamusulanga Nta-Bote''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Posta, Simu na Mawasiliano ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New cabinet sworn in in DR Congo|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/new-cabinet-sworn-in-in-dr-congo-20081102-5g0w.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2008-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> Serikali hiyo iliyoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga ilianza rasmi tarehe 25 Novemba 2007. Nta-Bote pia ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} == . == [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a6yk3odsgl75f3afmv9t1xrrgemlsfm 0 238880 1550674 2026-05-26T07:27:26Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karin Kschwendt''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Septemba 1968) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa ambaye katika nyakati tofauti za taaluma yake aliwakilisha timu za Luxembourg, Ujerumani na [[Austria]]. Alifikia kiwango chake bora kabisa katika viwango vya dunia akiwa namba 37 tarehe 12 Agosti 1996.<ref name="WTA stats">{{cite web|url=[http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~3994,00.html|title=Karin](http://www.sonyericssonwta...' 1550674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karin Kschwendt''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Septemba 1968) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa ambaye katika nyakati tofauti za taaluma yake aliwakilisha timu za Luxembourg, Ujerumani na [[Austria]]. Alifikia kiwango chake bora kabisa katika viwango vya dunia akiwa namba 37 tarehe 12 Agosti 1996.<ref name="WTA stats">{{cite web|url=[http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~3994,00.html|title=Karin](http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~3994,00.html|title=Karin) Kschwendt Stats|access-date=2010-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=Agosti 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika mchezo wa wawili wawili, alifikia kiwango cha juu cha namba 45 duniani mwezi Februari 1996.<ref name="WTA stats" /> Kschwendt alizaliwa nchini Uswisi<ref name="ITF profile">{{cite web|url=[http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20009667|title=Karin](http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=20009667|title=Karin) Kschwendt International Tennis Federation Player Profile|access-date=2010-05-17}}</ref> kwa wazazi wa Austria, Heinz na Edith, lakini alikulia nchini Luxembourg ambapo aliishi kwa miaka 23. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1rd8fuuekoto1js3b3icy62exen0egf 0 238881 1550676 2026-05-26T07:31:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Mahujaji juu ya mlima wakati wa Hija]] '''Mlima Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|جَبَل عَرَفَات}} ''Jabal ‘Arafāt''), pia hujulikana kama ''Jabal ar-Rahmah'' (Mlima wa Rehema), ni mlima mdogo wa mawe ya kigraniti uliopo upande wa mashariki mwa mji wa [[Makka]] nchini [[Saudi Arabia]]. Mlima huo una urefu wa mita zipatazo 70 na upo katik...' 1550676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Mahujaji juu ya mlima wakati wa Hija]] '''Mlima Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|جَبَل عَرَفَات}} ''Jabal ‘Arafāt''), pia hujulikana kama ''Jabal ar-Rahmah'' (Mlima wa Rehema), ni mlima mdogo wa mawe ya kigraniti uliopo upande wa mashariki mwa mji wa [[Makka]] nchini [[Saudi Arabia]]. Mlima huo una urefu wa mita zipatazo 70 na upo katikati ya eneo kubwa la wazi linalojulikana kama Uwanda wa Arafa.<ref name="EI2Arafat">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1960 |publisher=Brill |volume=1 |pages=604 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Uislamu]], mahali hapa ni mashuhuri kiimani kwani ndipo mahali ambapo [[Mtume Muhammad]] alisimama na kutoa hotuba yake ya mwisho kwa Waislamu waliofuatana naye kwenye Hija yake ya mwisho mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. == Umuhimu katika Ibada ya Hija == Uwanda unaozunguka mlima huu una umuhimu wa kipekee na ndio nguzo kuu ya ibada ya [[Hija]]. Kila mwaka, ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], mamilioni ya mahujaji kutoka sehemu zote duniani hukusanyika katika eneo hili kwa ajili ya ibada ya kusimama inayojulikana kama Wukuf.<ref name="FarsyArafat">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Ibada hiyo huanza adhuhuri baada ya jua kupinduka hadi kuzama kwa jua, ambapo mahujaji hutumia muda wote huo kuswali, kuomba toba, kunyenyekea, na kusoma dua. Kulingana na sheria ya Kiislamu, ibada hii ikikosekana, Hija ya muumini haitimii na inakuwa imebatilika.<ref name="MuslimHajj">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Hajj and Wuquf |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Amali za wasio Mahujaji == Waislamu ambao hawapo kwenye ibada hiyo ya Hija kijiografia wanahimizwa kufunga saumu ya hiari siku hiyo, inayojulikana kama [[Saumu ya Arafa]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, saumu ya siku hii hubeba fadhila kubwa ikiwemo kufutiwa madhambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata kwa yule aliyefunga kwa nia thabiti. Baada ya jua kuzama siku hiyo ya Arafa, mahujaji huondoka kwa utaratibu kuelekea eneo la Muzdalifah kwa ajili ya kukusanya mawe na kulala, hatua inayofungua milango ya kusherehekea sikukuu ya [[Idd el Hajj|Idd el-Hajj]] ulimwenguni kote siku inayofuata. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Siku ya Arafa]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 4iojs9u2m119t3l2wqr9lkcdudvf96k 1550681 1550676 2026-05-26T07:40:17Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Mahujaji juu ya mlima wakati wa Hija]] '''Mlima Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|جَبَل عَرَفَات}} ''Jabal ‘Arafāt''), pia hujulikana kama ''Jabal ar-Rahmah'' (Mlima wa Rehema), ni mlima mdogo wa mawe ya kigraniti uliopo upande wa mashariki mwa mji wa [[Makka]] nchini [[Saudi Arabia]]. Mlima huo una urefu wa mita zipatazo 70 na upo katikati ya eneo kubwa la wazi linalojulikana kama Uwanda wa Arafa.<ref name="EI2Arafat">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1960 |publisher=Brill |volume=1 |pages=604 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Uislamu]], mahali hapa ni mashuhuri kiimani kwani ndipo mahali ambapo [[Mtume Muhammad]] alisimama na kutoa hotuba yake ya mwisho kwa Waislamu waliofuatana naye kwenye Hija yake ya mwisho mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. == Umuhimu katika Ibada ya Hija == [[File:Jabal-e-Rehmat (Mount of Mercy) Mount Arafat.jpg|thumb|Geti la kuingilia katika Jabal ar-Rahmah (Mlima wa rehema)]] Uwanda unaozunguka mlima huu una umuhimu wa kipekee na ndio nguzo kuu ya ibada ya [[Hija]]. Kila mwaka, ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], mamilioni ya mahujaji kutoka sehemu zote duniani hukusanyika katika eneo hili kwa ajili ya ibada ya kusimama inayojulikana kama Wukuf.<ref name="FarsyArafat">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Ibada hiyo huanza adhuhuri baada ya jua kupinduka hadi kuzama kwa jua, ambapo mahujaji hutumia muda wote huo kuswali, kuomba toba, kunyenyekea, na kusoma dua. Kulingana na sheria ya Kiislamu, ibada hii ikikosekana, Hija ya muumini haitimii na inakuwa imebatilika.<ref name="MuslimHajj">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Hajj and Wuquf |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Amali za wasio Mahujaji == Waislamu ambao hawapo kwenye ibada hiyo ya Hija kijiografia wanahimizwa kufunga saumu ya hiari siku hiyo, inayojulikana kama [[Saumu ya Arafa]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, saumu ya siku hii hubeba fadhila kubwa ikiwemo kufutiwa madhambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata kwa yule aliyefunga kwa nia thabiti. Baada ya jua kuzama siku hiyo ya Arafa, mahujaji huondoka kwa utaratibu kuelekea eneo la Muzdalifah kwa ajili ya kukusanya mawe na kulala, hatua inayofungua milango ya kusherehekea sikukuu ya [[Idd el Hajj|Idd el-Hajj]] ulimwenguni kote siku inayofuata. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Siku ya Arafa]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Uislamu]] h12yi8nuvurd48e11xafwi2mpuh2osi 1550729 1550681 2026-05-26T08:36:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Mahujaji juu ya mlima wakati wa Hija]] '''Mlima Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|جَبَل عَرَفَات}} ''Jabal ‘Arafāt''), pia hujulikana kama ''Jabal ar-Rahmah'' (Mlima wa Rehema), ni mlima mdogo wa mawe ya kigraniti uliopo upande wa mashariki mwa mji wa [[Makka]] nchini [[Saudi Arabia]]. Mlima huo una urefu wa mita zipatazo 70 na upo katikati ya eneo kubwa la wazi linalojulikana kama Uwanda wa Arafa.<ref name="EI2Arafat">{{cite book |last=Paret |first=R. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1960 |publisher=Brill |volume=1 |pages=604 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Katika mapokeo ya [[Uislamu]], mahali hapa ni mashuhuri kiimani kwani ndipo mahali ambapo [[Mtume Muhammad]] alisimama na kutoa hotuba yake ya mwisho kwa Waislamu waliofuatana naye kwenye Hija yake ya mwisho mnamo mwaka 632 Miladi. == Umuhimu katika Ibada ya Hija == [[File:Jabal-e-Rehmat (Mount of Mercy) Mount Arafat.jpg|thumb|Geti la kuingilia katika Jabal ar-Rahmah (Mlima wa rehema)]] Uwanda unaozunguka mlima huu una umuhimu wa kipekee na ndio nguzo kuu ya ibada ya [[Hija]]. Kila mwaka, ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], mamilioni ya mahujaji kutoka sehemu zote duniani hukusanyika katika eneo hili kwa ajili ya ibada ya kusimama inayojulikana kama Wukuf.<ref name="FarsyArafat">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Ibada hiyo huanza adhuhuri baada ya jua kupinduka hadi kuzama kwa jua, ambapo mahujaji hutumia muda wote huo kuswali, kuomba toba, kunyenyekea, na kusoma dua. Kulingana na sheria ya Kiislamu, ibada hii ikikosekana, Hija ya muumini haitimii na inakuwa imebatilika.<ref name="MuslimHajj">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Hajj and Wuquf |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Amali za wasio Mahujaji == Waislamu ambao hawapo kwenye ibada hiyo ya Hija kijiografia wanahimizwa kufunga saumu ya hiari siku hiyo, inayojulikana kama [[Saumu ya Arafa]]. Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, saumu ya siku hii hubeba fadhila kubwa ikiwemo kufutiwa madhambi ya mwaka uliopita na ya mwaka unaofuata kwa yule aliyefunga kwa nia thabiti. Baada ya jua kuzama siku hiyo ya Arafa, mahujaji huondoka kwa utaratibu kuelekea eneo la Muzdalifah kwa ajili ya kukusanya mawe na kulala, hatua inayofungua milango ya kusherehekea sikukuu ya [[Idd el Hajj|Idd el-Hajj]] ulimwenguni kote siku inayofuata. == Tazama pia == * [[Hija]] * [[Siku ya Arafa]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Uislamu]] [[Jamii:milima ya Saudia]] ge2w5ge5kdn8zjeynng73fkpnx8p5h0 0 238882 1550677 2026-05-26T07:33:31Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edouard Kiove Kola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] ambaye amehudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria katika baraza la mawaziri la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo tangu Desemba 2016. Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa, akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation.<ref>{{Citation|title=Equipe ministérielle de Samy Bandibanga|url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/38374170|work=BBC News Afrique|language=fr|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rt4drwaqrp771hb6jn8sejntx5qb6ke 0 238883 1550678 2026-05-26T07:33:47Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patricia Mayr-Achleitner''' (née Mayr; amezaliwa tarehe 8 Novemba 1986) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Mayr-Achleitner alishinda mataji 17 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji saba ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 4 Mei 2009, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 70 duniani. Tarehe 29 Septemba 2014, alifikia nafasi ya 117 duniani katika mc...' 1550678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Mayr-Achleitner''' (née Mayr; amezaliwa tarehe 8 Novemba 1986) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Austria]]. Mayr-Achleitner alishinda mataji 17 ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na mataji saba ya mchezo wa wawili wawili katika mashindano ya ITF Women's Circuit. Tarehe 4 Mei 2009, alifikia nafasi yake ya juu zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 70 duniani. Tarehe 29 Septemba 2014, alifikia nafasi ya 117 duniani katika mchezo wa wawili wawili. Akiiwakilisha Austria katika mashindano ya Fed Cup akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Austria, ana rekodi ya ushindi na kupoteza ya 14–15. Mnamo tarehe 4 Desemba 2010, alifunga ndoa na kocha wake Michael Achleitner.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://sport.orf.at/stories/2029286/|title=Tennis-Spielerin](http://sport.orf.at/stories/2029286/|title=Tennis-Spielerin) Patricia Mayr hat geheiratet|work=[[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]|date=5 December 2010|access-date=16 October 2014|language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qjiv1tynjhkm45expzzvk0ds1n3j7uk 0 238884 1550679 2026-05-26T07:37:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Désirée Leupold''' (amezaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1972) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bricker |first1=Charles |title=American Players Dropping Like Flies |url=[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-03-09-9503090185-story.html](https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-03-09-9503090185-story.html) |work=[[Sun-Sentinel]] |date=9 Machi 1995}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano ya kuli...' 1550679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Désirée Leupold''' (amezaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1972) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bricker |first1=Charles |title=American Players Dropping Like Flies |url=[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-03-09-9503090185-story.html](https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-03-09-9503090185-story.html) |work=[[Sun-Sentinel]] |date=9 Machi 1995}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano ya kulipwa katika miaka ya 1990 na kufikia kiwango chake bora zaidi cha ubora katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 375 duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Desiree Leupold WTA Match Results, Splits, and Analysis |url=[http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer.cgi?p=DesireeLeupold](http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer.cgi?p=DesireeLeupold) |website=[www.tennisabstract.com](http://www.tennisabstract.com)}}</ref> Alishiriki katika michuano minne ya WTA Tour katika sehemu ya mchezo wa wawili wawili, huku sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake akiicheza katika mzunguko wa ITF. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7r58zwh3gld5n6pnpc8q6uew0hf7aus 0 238885 1550683 2026-05-26T07:43:35Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz''' ( pia huandikwa '''Abdul Ilah''' au '''Abdullah'''; 14 Novemba 1913 – 14 Julai 1958) alikuwa binamu na shemeji wa Ghazi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na Mfalme Ghazi wa Kihashemi wa Iraq]] na alikuwa [[Mshika taji|mtawala wa mpito (regent)]] kwa niaba ya mpwa wake [[Faisal II|Mfalme Faisal II]], kuanzia tarehe 4 Aprili 1939 hadi 23 Mei 1953, wakati Faisal alipotimiza umri wa kisheria wa kutawala. Abd al-Ilah pia alishikilia cheo cha Mwa...' 1550683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz''' ( pia huandikwa '''Abdul Ilah''' au '''Abdullah'''; 14 Novemba 1913 – 14 Julai 1958) alikuwa binamu na shemeji wa Ghazi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na Mfalme Ghazi wa Kihashemi wa Iraq]] na alikuwa [[Mshika taji|mtawala wa mpito (regent)]] kwa niaba ya mpwa wake [[Faisal II|Mfalme Faisal II]], kuanzia tarehe 4 Aprili 1939 hadi 23 Mei 1953, wakati Faisal alipotimiza umri wa kisheria wa kutawala. Abd al-Ilah pia alishikilia cheo cha [[Mwanamfalme wa Taji]] wa Iraq kuanzia mwaka 1943 hadi 1953.<ref name="EB">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedi001ency/mode/2up |title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica vol. 1 |date=2007 |publisher=Chicago : Encyclopaedia Britannica |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-59339-292-5 |edition=15th |pages=14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|1958}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] 2cvgkiiza76isc714u2lt4vlzsl66r4 0 238886 1550684 2026-05-26T07:45:28Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nicole Melch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1978) ni mchezaji wa tenisi ya ufukweni kutoka [[Austria]] na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa kwenye WTA Tour.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/|title=American](https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tenn...' 1550684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Melch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1978) ni mchezaji wa tenisi ya ufukweni kutoka [[Austria]] na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa kwenye WTA Tour.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/|title=American](https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/|title=American) Pros Nicole Melch & Nadia Johnston Win 2011 International Beach Tennis Championship|work=longislandtennismagazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicole Melch |url=[https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/nicole-melch/800184746/aut/wt/d/](https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/nicole-melch/800184746/aut/wt/d/) |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=[www.itftennis.com](http://www.itftennis.com)}}</ref> Baada ya kustaafu kutoka mchezo wa tenisi ya kulipwa mwaka 2004, Melch alijiunga na ITF Beach Tennis Tour mwaka 2005 kama mchezaji wa kulipwa, ambapo alishinda mataji ya kitaifa akiwa na mshirika wake wa mchezo wa wawili wawili Nadia Johnston, ambaye kwa sasa anaiwakilisha Marekani.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/fraser-coast/sport/nadia-is-a-real-ace-on-the-beach/news-story/40c2e46cdb394219ff849a967deb7f1d|title=Nadia](https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/fraser-coast/sport/nadia-is-a-real-ace-on-the-beach/news-story/40c2e46cdb394219ff849a967deb7f1d|title=Nadia) is a real ace on the beach|work=[www.couriermail.com](http://www.couriermail.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=American Pros Nicole Melch & Nadia Johnston Win 2011 International Beach Tennis Championship – New York Tennis Magazine |url=[https://newyorktennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/](https://newyorktennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/) |access-date=2023-09-25 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coaches {{!}} LITTLE SILVER TENNIS CLUB |url=[https://www.littlesilvertennisclub.com/the-coaches](https://www.littlesilvertennisclub.com/the-coaches) |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Little Silver Tennis |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2xmn9u0wagk0b6p4110agsn0u5ukveo 0 238887 1550685 2026-05-26T07:49:02Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edouard Kiove Kola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] ambaye amehudumu kama Waziri wa Sheria katika baraza la mawaziri la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo tangu Desemba 2016. Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa, akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation.<ref>{{Citation|last=DJOYUM|first=Beaugas Orain|title=RD Congo : Proche de FATSHI, Augustin Kibassa Maliba est le nouveau ministre des Postes et Télécoms - Digital Business Africa|date=2019-08-26|url=https://www.digitalbusiness.africa/rd-congo-proche-de-fatshi-augustin-kibassa-maliba-est-le-nouveau-ministre-des-postes-et-telecoms/|work=Digital Business Africa|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] er9048058448ipalugd0fy8regeu1vw 0 238888 1550686 2026-05-26T07:49:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lisa-Maria Moser''' (amezaliwa tarehe 28 Machi 1991) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Moser alishinda mataji mawili ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na taji moja la mchezo wa wawili wawili kwenye Mzunguko wa ITF katika taaluma yake. Tarehe 28 Julai 2014 alifikia kiwango chake bora zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 280 duniani. Tarehe 4 Mei 2015 alifikia nafasi ya 480 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili. ==...' 1550686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lisa-Maria Moser''' (amezaliwa tarehe 28 Machi 1991) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Moser alishinda mataji mawili ya mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na taji moja la mchezo wa wawili wawili kwenye Mzunguko wa ITF katika taaluma yake. Tarehe 28 Julai 2014 alifikia kiwango chake bora zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 280 duniani. Tarehe 4 Mei 2015 alifikia nafasi ya 480 katika viwango vya mchezo wa wawili wawili. == Taaluma == Moser alipewa mwaliko maalum (wild card) kushiriki katika mashindano ya 2013 Gastein Ladies, ambapo alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza katika WTA Tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.tennisnet.com/oesterreich/welttennis/damen/Bad-Gastein-Letzte-Wildcard-an-Moser/5036415|title=Bad](http://www.tennisnet.com/oesterreich/welttennis/damen/Bad-Gastein-Letzte-Wildcard-an-Moser/5036415|title=Bad) Gastein: Mwaliko wa mwisho waenda kwa Moser|work=tennisnet.com|date=12 Julai 2013|accessdate=15 Julai 2013|language=Kijerumani}}</ref> Katika mchezo huo, alimshinda mchezaji aliyeingia kupitia mchujo Elena Bogdan kwa seti tatu na kufuzu kucheza raundi ya pili dhidi ya Mona Barthel.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.krone.at/Sport/Lisa-Maria_Moser_gewinnt_bei_WTA-Debuet_in_drei_Saetzen-Gastein_Ladies-Story-368977|title=Lisa-Maria](https://www.krone.at/Sport/Lisa-Maria_Moser_gewinnt_bei_WTA-Debuet_in_drei_Saetzen-Gastein_Ladies-Story-368977|title=Lisa-Maria) Moser ashinda katika mchezo wake wa kwanza wa WTA kwa seti tatu|work=[[Kronen Zeitung]]|date=16 Julai 2013|accessdate=16 Julai 2013|language=Kijerumani}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2xuherx2dwm8hgbjz2x3vyybmz75xjt 0 238889 1550687 2026-05-26T07:53:13Z MARkarani 82546 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348208590|Nancy Gathungu]]" 1550687 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nancy Gathungu''' ndiye mkaguzi mkuu wa hesabu za serikali nchini kenya aliyeingia ofisini mnamo Juni 2020. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-16|title=New Auditor General Nancy Gathungu Says Her Net-worth Is Ksh30 Million|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/auditor-general-nancy-gathungu-net-worth-ksh30-million/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=KahawaTungu|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Kenya|first=dhahabu|date=2020-06-23|title=Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu|url=https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Dhahabu|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/}}</ref> Alimrithi [[Edward Ouko]] aliyestaafu mnamo Agosti 2019. <ref name=":0" /> Hapo awali alikuwa ameomba kuwa Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali chini ya katiba ya 2010. <ref name=":1" /> Nancy Gathungu alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Moi, Nairobi]]. Gathungu ni mtumishi wa umma mwenye uzoefu, alijiunga na ofisi ya Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali mnamo 1993 na kupandishwa cheo hadi Mkurugenzi Uhakikisho wa Ubora, Ofisi ya Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Kenya|first=dhahabu|date=2020-06-23|title=Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu|url=https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Dhahabu|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKenya2020">Kenya, dhahabu (2020-06-23). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/ "Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu"]. ''Dhahabu''. Archived from [https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/ the original] on 2021-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wakati wa uteuzi, alikuwa mgombea wa Shahada ya Uzamivu ya Usimamizi wa Mikakati katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo na Teknolojia cha Jomo Kenyatta]] . <ref name=":1" /> Shahada za awali ni pamoja na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Mikakati na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (Chaguo la Uhasibu). <ref name=":1" /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sfizryzxrgbfih1va6q7hkvzpfpixob 0 238890 1550688 2026-05-26T07:56:55Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Niki Ninaus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Austria]]. Ninaus, aliyekulia mjini Sydney, ni binti wa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu aliyezaliwa Austria, Herbert Ninaus. Baba yake alikuwa miongoni mwa kikosi cha Austria kilichoshiriki 1958 FIFA World Cup]] na baadaye alichezea timu ya “B” ya Australia baada ya kuhama kutoka Austria.<ref>{{cite news |url=[http://n...' 1550688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niki Ninaus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[tenisi]] kutoka [[Australia]] mwenye asili ya [[Austria]]. Ninaus, aliyekulia mjini Sydney, ni binti wa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu aliyezaliwa Austria, Herbert Ninaus. Baba yake alikuwa miongoni mwa kikosi cha Austria kilichoshiriki 1958 FIFA World Cup]] na baadaye alichezea timu ya “B” ya Australia baada ya kuhama kutoka Austria.<ref>{{cite news |url=[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263217309](http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263217309) |title=Soccer star's daughter sets goals for the tennis court |newspaper=[[The Australian Jewish Times]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=2 February 1990 |accessdate=13 December 2021 |page=35 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In Memoriam Herbert Ninaus |url=[https://www.meinbezirk.at/voitsberg/c-leute/in-memoriam-herbert-ninaus_a1366196](https://www.meinbezirk.at/voitsberg/c-leute/in-memoriam-herbert-ninaus_a1366196) |work=[[Regionalmedien Austria|MeinBezirk.at]] |date=31 May 2015 |language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] trwiasm79dcesnq2jgmtpy5lze95uoe 0 238891 1550689 2026-05-26T07:58:14Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gertrude Kitembo Mpala''' (amezaliwa 1958) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mfanyabiashara katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni Waziri wa zamani wa Posta na Mawasiliano ya Simu nchini humo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Maniema : Gertrude Kitembo élue présidente de l'Assemblée provinciale - PourElle.info|date=2019-03-11|url=https://pourelle.info/maniema-gertrude-kitembo-elue-presidente-de-lassemblee-provinciale/|work=PourElle.info|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] odin7ybc7yshwl7p0kco0ijz736yg4g 0 238892 1550690 2026-05-26T08:00:56Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karin Oberleitner''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Machi 1968) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Oberleitner aliwakilisha Austria katika mechi ya 1985 Federation Cup dhidi ya Umoja wa Kisovieti iliyofanyika Nagoya, ambapo alicheza mchezo wa wawili wawili ambao haukuathiri matokeo ya jumla (dead rubber) akiwa na Barbara Pollet. Wawili hao walishindwa na Svetlana Cherneva na Larisa Savchenko. Aliendelea kushiriki katika mashindan...' 1550690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karin Oberleitner''' (amezaliwa tarehe 14 Machi 1968) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Oberleitner aliwakilisha Austria katika mechi ya 1985 Federation Cup dhidi ya Umoja wa Kisovieti iliyofanyika Nagoya, ambapo alicheza mchezo wa wawili wawili ambao haukuathiri matokeo ya jumla (dead rubber) akiwa na Barbara Pollet. Wawili hao walishindwa na Svetlana Cherneva na Larisa Savchenko. Aliendelea kushiriki katika mashindano ya kimataifa katika kipindi cha mwisho cha miaka ya 1980 na alifikia kiwango chake bora zaidi katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja akiwa namba 290 duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Karin Oberleitner ATP Match Results, Splits, and Analysis |url=[http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/player-classic.cgi?p=KarinOberleitner](http://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/player-classic.cgi?p=KarinOberleitner) |website=[www.tennisabstract.com](http://www.tennisabstract.com)}}</ref> Katika maisha yake ya binafsi, ameolewa na mchezaji wa zamani wa ATP Alex Antonitsch, na mtoto wao wa kike Mira Antonitsch pia amewahi kuiwakilisha Austria katika Fed Cup. Wana pia mtoto wa kiume anayeitwa Sam, ambaye ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa hoki ya barafu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tennis: Steckbrief Alexander Antonitsch zum 50. Geburtstag |url=[https://www.tt.com/artikel/11086224/tennis-steckbrief-alexander-antonitsch-zum-50-geburtstag](https://www.tt.com/artikel/11086224/tennis-steckbrief-alexander-antonitsch-zum-50-geburtstag) |work=[[Tiroler Tageszeitung]] |date=5 Februari 2016 |language=Kijerumani}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bipk5f086b1ex2t6s86gmlhq49ua0xy 0 238893 1550691 2026-05-26T08:01:42Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saumu ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ}} ''Ṣawmu Yawmi ‘Arafah'') ni ibada ya kufunga ya hiari ([[Sunnah]]) inayotekelezwa na [[Waislamu]] kote ulimwenguni ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ikiwa ni siku ileile ambayo mahujaji wapo katika [[Mlima Arafa|Uwanda wa Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] wakitekeleza nguzo kuu ya [[Hija]]. Saumu hii ni maalum kwa ajili ya Waislamu...' 1550691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saumu ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ}} ''Ṣawmu Yawmi ‘Arafah'') ni ibada ya kufunga ya hiari ([[Sunnah]]) inayotekelezwa na [[Waislamu]] kote ulimwenguni ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ikiwa ni siku ileile ambayo mahujaji wapo katika [[Mlima Arafa|Uwanda wa Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] wakitekeleza nguzo kuu ya [[Hija]]. Saumu hii ni maalum kwa ajili ya Waislamu ambao hawapo katika ibada ya Hija mwaka huo, ili kuwawezesha kushiriki katika baraka za kiroho za siku hiyo wakiwa katika maeneo yao tofauti duniani. Kwa upande wa mahujaji waliopo Makka, wao hawaruhusiwi kisheria kufunga siku hii ili kulinda nguvu zao wakati wa kufanya ibada ya kusimama na kuomba dua (Wukuf).<ref name="EI2Fasting">{{cite book |last=Plessner |first=M. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1995 |call-number=Brill |volume=8 |pages=92–93 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na Umuhimu == Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, saumu hii hubeba fadhila na thawabu kubwa kuliko saumu nyingine zote za hiari ndani ya [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Kulingana na mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]] sahihi, kufunga siku hii husafisha madhambi madogo ya muumini kwa muda wa miaka miwili; yaani madhambi yaliyofanyika katika mwaka mmoja uliopita, na yale yatakayofanyika katika mwaka mmoja unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafahFast">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting, Merit of Fasting the Day of 'Arafah |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kutokana na uzito huo, siku hii huchukuliwa kama fursa ya kujitakasa, ambapo Waislamu hujitahidi kujiepusha na mambo maovu, kukithirisha kusoma [[Qurani]], kutoa sadaka, na kuomba msamaha kwa wingi. == Utaratibu wa Utekelezaji == Muda wa utekelezaji wa saumu hii hufuata utaratibu uleule wa saumu za kawaida, ambapo mtu anapaswa kujizuia kula, kunywa, na kufanya vitendo vyote vyenye kubatilisha saumu kuanzia unyanyukaji wa alfajiri ya kweli hadi jua linapozama (magharibi).<ref name="FarsyArafa">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Saumu ya Arafa ndiyo inayohitimisha mfululizo wa siku tisa za mwanzo za mwezi wa Dhul-Hijjah ambazo zinajulikana kwa kuwa na fadhila nyingi katika Uislamu. Saumu hii inafuatiwa moja kwa moja na sherehe za sikukuu ya [[Idd el Hajj]]Hajj]] inayofanyika kesho yake tarehe 10 Dhul-Hijjah, siku ambayo kufunga kunakuwa ni mwiko na haramu kisheria. == Tazama pia == * [[Siku ya Arafa]] * [[Mlima Arafa]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Sunna katika Uislamu]] onqa2wqddyw4swppl6cjipido3jxjcz 1550816 1550691 2026-05-26T11:30:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1550816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uislamu}} '''Saumu ya Arafa''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: {{rtl-lang|ar|صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ}} ''Ṣawmu Yawmi ‘Arafah'') ni ibada ya kufunga ya hiari ([[Sunnah]]) inayotekelezwa na [[Waislamu]] kote ulimwenguni ifikapo tarehe 9 ya mwezi wa [[Dhul Hijjah (mwezi)|Dhul-Hijjah]], ikiwa ni siku ileile ambayo mahujaji wapo katika [[Mlima Arafa|Uwanda wa Arafa]] mjini [[Makka]] wakitekeleza nguzo kuu ya [[Hija]]. Saumu hii ni maalum kwa ajili ya Waislamu ambao hawapo katika ibada ya Hija mwaka huo, ili kuwawezesha kushiriki katika baraka za kiroho za siku hiyo wakiwa katika maeneo yao tofauti duniani. Kwa upande wa mahujaji waliopo Makka, wao hawaruhusiwi kisheria kufunga siku hii ili kulinda nguvu zao wakati wa kufanya ibada ya kusimama na kuomba dua (Wukuf).<ref name="EI2Fasting">{{cite book |last=Plessner |first=M. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition |year=1995 |call-number=Brill |volume=8 |pages=92–93 |url=https://brillonline.com |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> == Fadhila na Umuhimu == Katika mafundisho ya Kiislamu, saumu hii hubeba fadhila na thawabu kubwa kuliko saumu nyingine zote za hiari ndani ya [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]]. Kulingana na mapokeo ya [[Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad|hadithi]] sahihi, kufunga siku hii husafisha madhambi madogo ya muumini kwa muda wa miaka miwili; yaani madhambi yaliyofanyika katika mwaka mmoja uliopita, na yale yatakayofanyika katika mwaka mmoja unaofuata.<ref name="MuslimArafahFast">{{cite web |title=Sahih Muslim - The Book of Fasting, Merit of Fasting the Day of 'Arafah |url=https://sunnah.com |publisher=Sunnah.com Portal |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Kutokana na uzito huo, siku hii huchukuliwa kama fursa ya kujitakasa, ambapo Waislamu hujitahidi kujiepusha na mambo maovu, kukithirisha kusoma [[Qurani]], kutoa sadaka, na kuomba msamaha kwa wingi. == Utaratibu wa Utekelezaji == Muda wa utekelezaji wa saumu hii hufuata utaratibu uleule wa saumu za kawaida, ambapo mtu anapaswa kujizuia kula, kunywa, na kufanya vitendo vyote vyenye kubatilisha saumu kuanzia unyanyukaji wa alfajiri ya kweli hadi jua linapozama (magharibi).<ref name="FarsyArafa">{{cite book |last=Farsy |first=Abdullah Saleh |title=Tafsiri ya Kurani Tukufu |year=1969 |publisher=The Islamic Foundation |url=https://archive.org |access-date=Mei 26, 2026}}</ref> Saumu ya Arafa ndiyo inayohitimisha mfululizo wa siku tisa za mwanzo za mwezi wa Dhul-Hijjah ambazo zinajulikana kwa kuwa na fadhila nyingi katika Uislamu. Saumu hii inafuatiwa moja kwa moja na sherehe za sikukuu ya [[Idd el Hajj]]Hajj]] inayofanyika kesho yake tarehe 10 Dhul-Hijjah, siku ambayo kufunga kunakuwa ni mwiko na haramu kisheria. == Tazama pia == * [[Siku ya Arafa]] * [[Mlima Arafa]] * [[Idd el Hajj]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Sunna katika Uislamu]] 3nzxm4mwlgtu0d0lldwpovp6u7dqm5u 14 238894 1550692 2026-05-26T08:02:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '*Sunna katika Dini ya Uislamu' 1550692 wikitext text/x-wiki *Sunna katika Dini ya Uislamu p7lzrva7ieqe8hupnkx1ltazfzujj0c 1550731 1550692 2026-05-26T08:39:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1550731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Uislamu]] acq1gmq4ug73gpdla0f351hcb1uyvq3 0 238895 1550694 2026-05-26T08:03:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Alexei Bolshakov (mwanasiaa)]] hadi [[Alexei Bolshakov (mwanasiasa)]]: usahihi wa jina 1550694 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alexei Bolshakov (mwanasiasa)]] eunbkv6a9jhub1ups52e506vgpcqbpj 0 238896 1550698 2026-05-26T08:05:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Henrik Bull (Hakimu)]] hadi [[Henrik Bull (hakimu)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550698 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Henrik Bull (hakimu)]] 9h30dd6cf4xvsw2eyql1jzxquftcucg 0 238897 1550699 2026-05-26T08:07:14Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ja'far Abu al-Timman''' (1881 – 11 Novemba 1945) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanamapinduzi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], ambaye alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha ''[[Haras al-Istiqlal]]'' (Walinzi wa Uhuru). == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ja'far Abu al-Timman alizaliwa mjini [[Baghdad]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=جعفر ابو التمن |url=https://www.algardenia.com/asmafealtareck/2451-2013-01-06-19-30-22.html |archive-url=https://web.a...' 1550699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ja'far Abu al-Timman''' (1881 – 11 Novemba 1945) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanamapinduzi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], ambaye alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha ''[[Haras al-Istiqlal]]'' (Walinzi wa Uhuru). == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Ja'far Abu al-Timman alizaliwa mjini [[Baghdad]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=جعفر ابو التمن |url=https://www.algardenia.com/asmafealtareck/2451-2013-01-06-19-30-22.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129083800/https://www.algardenia.com/asmafealtareck/2451-2013-01-06-19-30-22.html |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date= |website=Algardenia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=65 عاما على رحيل جعفر ابو التمن |url=http://www.almothaqaf.com/qadayaama/qadayama-09/40855-65---------- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106053341/http://www.almothaqaf.com/qadayaama/qadayama-09/40855-65---------- |archive-date=6 November 2018 |access-date= |website=almothaqaf}}</ref> akitokea katika kabila maarufu la [[Rabi'a ibn Nizar|Rabi’a]]. Kutokana na migogoro ya kifamilia, baba yake alosafiri kwenda nchini [[Nasaba ya Qajar|Iran]]. Matokeo yake, Ja'far alilelewa na kukulia katika nyumba ya babu yake, mfanyabiashara mashuhuri aliyeitwa Hajj Dawood ambaye alikuwa maarufu kwa biashara ya nafaka, hasa mpunga. Babu yake alisimamia elimu ya kijana huyo. Alisoma sayansi ya dini na sheria (fikh) pamoja na mashairi na fasihi huko [[Kadhimiya]]. Alianza kuandika mashairi katika ujana wake, na katika utu uzima wake alihariri makala za majarida ya kiuchumi. Ja'far pia alikuwa ameanza kutatua masuala magumu ya kisheria na sheria za Sharia. Hali hii ilimfanya kuwa mstari wa mbele na mwenye ushawishi katika chama cha siri cha kisiasa cha Haras al-Istiqlal mwishoni mwa mwezi Februari 1919.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - جعفر ابو التمن .. ألزعيم ألوطني ألمنسي |url=https://www.algardenia.com/asmafealtareck/2451-2013-01-06-19-30-22.html |access-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129083800/https://www.algardenia.com/asmafealtareck/2451-2013-01-06-19-30-22.html |archive-date=29 November 2022 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1881|1945}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] 0x6i2xzh177lg0ov6hwcp8uuvfdfvga 0 238898 1550700 2026-05-26T08:08:25Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga''' (10 Juni 1969 – 1 Desemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RDC : le sénateur Lola Kisanga est décédé|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/12/01/actualite/politique/rdc-le-senateur-lola-kisanga-est-decede|work=Radio Okapi|date=2020-12-01|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] df04xdq8zvbetl2bsnr8hicfeo19fu6 0 238899 1550702 2026-05-26T08:09:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Geir Grung (Mwanadiplomasia)]] hadi [[Geir Grung (mwanadiplomasia)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550702 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Geir Grung (mwanadiplomasia)]] lpekfi3v6rkboh4jw5a6xp2vxkwss48 0 238900 1550704 2026-05-26T08:10:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gennady Voronin (Mchumi)]] hadi [[Gennady Voronin (mchumi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550704 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gennady Voronin (mchumi)]] myukyor3b8d60o94mfy5r6j9tslycbm 0 238901 1550706 2026-05-26T08:11:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jens Holmboe (Afisa wa mahakama)]] hadi [[Jens Holmboe (afisa mahakama)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1550706 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jens Holmboe (afisa mahakama)]] cf9z99c3eaut3xlo7sevvik328bwdj1 0 238902 1550707 2026-05-26T08:11:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhsin bin Hassan bin Ali bin Idris''' (1878–1961), anafahamika zaidi kama '''Muhsin Abu-Tabikh''' ({{lang|ar|محسن أبو طبيخ}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa mashuhuri wa mrengo wa utaifa wa Iraq, na mmoja wa viongozi wa Uasi wa Iraq wa 1920. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1878 huko [[Ghammas]], wilaya ya [[Mkoa wa Al-Qādisiyyah|Mkoa wa Diwaniyah]] kusini mwa [[Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abu-Tabikh |first=Muhsin |title=Principles and Men |pub...' 1550707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhsin bin Hassan bin Ali bin Idris''' (1878–1961), anafahamika zaidi kama '''Muhsin Abu-Tabikh''' ({{lang|ar|محسن أبو طبيخ}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa mashuhuri wa mrengo wa utaifa wa Iraq, na mmoja wa viongozi wa Uasi wa Iraq wa 1920. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1878 huko [[Ghammas]], wilaya ya [[Mkoa wa Al-Qādisiyyah|Mkoa wa Diwaniyah]] kusini mwa [[Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abu-Tabikh |first=Muhsin |title=Principles and Men |publisher=Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing |year=2003 |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamel Abu-Tabikh |first=Ahmed |title=Sayyid Muhsin Abu-Tabikh, Biography and History |year=1999 |edition=1st |language=Arabic}}</ref> Anajulikana sana kwa mchango wake katika [[Uasi wa Iraq wa 1920|mapinduzi ya Iraq]] dhidi ya uvamizi wa Waingereza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kadhim |first=Abbas |title=Reclaiming Iraq: The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780292739246 |pages=96}}</ref> Alipigana bega kwa bega na jeshi la Milki ya Osmani dhidi ya Uingereza mnamo mwaka 1915. Mnamo tarehe 6 Oktoba 1920, wanamapinduzi waliamua kuwa serikali ya kitaifa lazima iundwe kupitia baraza la kimapinduzi lililochaguliwa ili kusimamia maeneo yaliyokombolewa kutoka kwa [[Milki ya Uingereza]].<ref name=":0" /> Abu-Tabikh aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa serikali hiyo mpya, ambapo utawala huo ulianzishwa kwa muda mjini [[Karbala]]. Sherehe zilifanyika katika ukumbi wa jiji mbele ya umati wa watu uliovuka makumi ya maelfu, ambapo alipandisha bendera ya kwanza ya [[Iraq]] katika historia ya kisasa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Asady |first=Taiseer |title=في ذكرى ثورة العشرين الخالدة ... كربلاء الانطلاقة الاولى لحركة الجهاد في العراق ومنع الانكليز من تحقيق مآربهم |url=http://www.non14.net/5277}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1961}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] boxtma7f6hz98t4mfi0jnpwl6bzfk4u 1550709 1550707 2026-05-26T08:12:02Z Egipa 87700 1550709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhsin bin Hassan bin Ali bin Idris''' (1878–1961), anafahamika zaidi kama '''Muhsin Abu-Tabikh''' ({{lang|ar|محسن أبو طبيخ}}), alikuwa mwanasiasa mashuhuri wa mrengo wa utaifa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], na mmoja wa viongozi wa Uasi wa Iraq wa 1920. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1878 huko [[Ghammas]], wilaya ya [[Mkoa wa Al-Qādisiyyah|Mkoa wa Diwaniyah]] kusini mwa [[Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abu-Tabikh |first=Muhsin |title=Principles and Men |publisher=Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing |year=2003 |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamel Abu-Tabikh |first=Ahmed |title=Sayyid Muhsin Abu-Tabikh, Biography and History |year=1999 |edition=1st |language=Arabic}}</ref> Anajulikana sana kwa mchango wake katika [[Uasi wa Iraq wa 1920|mapinduzi ya Iraq]] dhidi ya uvamizi wa Waingereza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kadhim |first=Abbas |title=Reclaiming Iraq: The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780292739246 |pages=96}}</ref> Alipigana bega kwa bega na jeshi la Milki ya Osmani dhidi ya Uingereza mnamo mwaka 1915. Mnamo tarehe 6 Oktoba 1920, wanamapinduzi waliamua kuwa serikali ya kitaifa lazima iundwe kupitia baraza la kimapinduzi lililochaguliwa ili kusimamia maeneo yaliyokombolewa kutoka kwa [[Milki ya Uingereza]].<ref name=":0" /> Abu-Tabikh aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa serikali hiyo mpya, ambapo utawala huo ulianzishwa kwa muda mjini [[Karbala]]. Sherehe zilifanyika katika ukumbi wa jiji mbele ya umati wa watu uliovuka makumi ya maelfu, ambapo alipandisha bendera ya kwanza ya [[Iraq]] katika historia ya kisasa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Asady |first=Taiseer |title=في ذكرى ثورة العشرين الخالدة ... كربلاء الانطلاقة الاولى لحركة الجهاد في العراق ومنع الانكليز من تحقيق مآربهم |url=http://www.non14.net/5277}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1961}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] oh4cjnv5o9rt7rb1krdd0fitjstgdux 0 238903 1550712 2026-05-26T08:14:06Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karim al-Mulla''' ({9 Juni 1942 – 18 Februari 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Ba'ath (Iraq)]], alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Vijana na Michezo (Iraq)|Waziri wa Vijana]] kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niiiis.com/iociraq.html|title=اللجنة الاولمبية الوطنية العراقية|work=niiiis.com|language=Arabic}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|19...' 1550712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karim al-Mulla''' ({9 Juni 1942 – 18 Februari 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Ba'ath (Iraq)]], alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Vijana na Michezo (Iraq)|Waziri wa Vijana]] kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niiiis.com/iociraq.html|title=اللجنة الاولمبية الوطنية العراقية|work=niiiis.com|language=Arabic}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|2026}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] c6cer8wpl4omhi8q2hji2yp3gwnp5u1 0 238904 1550713 2026-05-26T08:15:15Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sonja Pachta''' (25 Aprili 1941 – 21 Agosti 2024) alikuwa mchezaji wa tenisi kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Smith, Sonja Pachta Gain German Tennis Final |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/02/archives/miss-smith-sonja-pachta-gain-german-tennis-final.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/02/archives/miss-smith-sonja-pachta-gain-german-tennis-final.html) |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 August 1964}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflis...' 1550713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sonja Pachta''' (25 Aprili 1941 – 21 Agosti 2024) alikuwa mchezaji wa tenisi kutoka [[Austria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Smith, Sonja Pachta Gain German Tennis Final |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/02/archives/miss-smith-sonja-pachta-gain-german-tennis-final.html](https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/02/archives/miss-smith-sonja-pachta-gain-german-tennis-final.html) |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 August 1964}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|2024}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] o80946vpqc0uom5t94z6qf9vbzqnzq6 0 238905 1550715 2026-05-26T08:15:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Barakzai dynasty]] hadi [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]]: jina la Kiswahili 1550715 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nasaba ya Barakzai]] mtdiro4plpjb0nf6gpps0mhxhcprebs 0 238906 1550716 2026-05-26T08:16:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ibrahim al-Radhi''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[Constitutional Union Party (Iraq)|Constitutional Union Party]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|date=May 18, 1954|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19540518-01.1.3&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-%22Sayid+Ibrahim+al%252DRadhi%22---------|title=Election Campaign}}</ref> Al-Radhi alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq]] kuto...' 1550716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim al-Radhi''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[Constitutional Union Party (Iraq)|Constitutional Union Party]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|date=May 18, 1954|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19540518-01.1.3&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-%22Sayid+Ibrahim+al%252DRadhi%22---------|title=Election Campaign}}</ref> Al-Radhi alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq]] kutoka eneo la Baghdad Liwa katika uchaguzi mdogo wa mwaka 1950.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|title=Latest Election Result List|date=June 14, 1950|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19500614-01.1.4&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-%22Ibrahim+al%252DRadhi%22---------}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1954 alichaguliwa tena katika Baraza hilo la Wawakilishi kutoka Jimbo la Tano la Baghdad.<ref name=oct>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|date=October 23, 1954|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19541023-01.1.3&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-by%252Delection---------|title=Baghdad By-Election for Fifth Constituency Seat}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] jtzrm7mpym4dftru3ocdu1yjqmtrccq 0 238907 1550718 2026-05-26T08:18:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ahmad Maher (director)]] hadi [[Ahmad Maher (mwongozaji filamu)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1550718 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ahmad Maher (mwongozaji filamu)]] 2za19dn1htroljf7paj60cszo0c97xi 0 238908 1550719 2026-05-26T08:19:23Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saadoun al-Tikriti''' (alifariki mwaka 1958) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref name="coughlin20">{{cite book |last1=Coughlin |first1=Con |authorlink=Con Coughlin |title=Saddam: The Secret Life |date=2002 |publisher=MacMillan |location=London, U.K. |isbn=0-333-78200-3 |pages=20–22|quote=His house was located in a road with no street lighting, and as he approached the gate Saddam stepped out from behind a bush and shot him dead with a single sho...' 1550719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saadoun al-Tikriti''' (alifariki mwaka 1958) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref name="coughlin20">{{cite book |last1=Coughlin |first1=Con |authorlink=Con Coughlin |title=Saddam: The Secret Life |date=2002 |publisher=MacMillan |location=London, U.K. |isbn=0-333-78200-3 |pages=20–22|quote=His house was located in a road with no street lighting, and as he approached the gate Saddam stepped out from behind a bush and shot him dead with a single shot to the head with a pistol given to him by Khairallah.}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Iraq kutoka mji wa [[Tikrit]], mji ambao ulikuwa unatawaliwa zaidi na wafuasi wa [[Chama cha Ba'ath (Iraq)|Ba'ath]]. Kwa mujibu wa mwandishi [[Con Coughlin]], aliuawa na [[Saddam Hussein]] mjini Tikrit mnamo Oktoba 1958 kufuatia ombi la mjomba wa rais huyo wa baadaye, [[Khairallah Talfah]].<ref name="coughlin20"/> Saddam Hussein na mjomba wake walikamatwa na kufungwa jela kwa muda wa miezi sita, lakini hatimaye waliachiliwa huru kutokana na ukosefu wa ushahidi.<ref name="coughlin20"/> Inasemekana kuwa yeye ndiye aliyekuwa mtu wa kwanza kuuawa na Saddam Hussein.<ref name="telegraphruthless">{{cite news |title=Life and ruthless times of a dictator |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1427196/Life-and-ruthless-times-of-dictator.html |access-date=November 20, 2025 |work=The Telegraph |date=April 10, 2003|quote=1958: Saddam commits his first murder on behalf of the nascent Iraqi Ba'ath party, killing Saadoun al-Tikriti, a Communist opponent of the party.}}</ref><ref name="telegraphglory">{{cite news |last1=Blair |first1=David |title=He dreamed of glory but dealt out only despair |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1424980/He-dreamed-of-glory-but-dealt-out-only-despair.html |access-date=November 20, 2025 |work=The Telegraph |date=March 18, 2003|quote=He shot dead his first victim, Saadoun al-Tikriti, a leading communist and hence a sworn enemy of the Ba'athists, in 1958.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920|1958}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] i4ndo1nud7bxi2archc86hvn1cauzps 0 238909 1550720 2026-05-26T08:22:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hussein Al-Awadi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1944) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na mwanachama wa Chama cha Ba'ath, ambaye alihudumu kama Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Al Anbar|Anbar]] (1995), Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Najaf|Najaf]] (1996), na afisa mkuu wa mashirika ya chama hicho katika [[Mkoa wa Nineveh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m.ahewar.org/s.asp?aid=187847&r=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031005304/http://www.m.ahewar.org/s.asp?aid...' 1550720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hussein Al-Awadi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1944) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa zamani wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na mwanachama wa Chama cha Ba'ath, ambaye alihudumu kama Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Al Anbar|Anbar]] (1995), Gavana wa [[Mkoa wa Najaf|Najaf]] (1996), na afisa mkuu wa mashirika ya chama hicho katika [[Mkoa wa Nineveh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m.ahewar.org/s.asp?aid=187847&r=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031005304/http://www.m.ahewar.org/s.asp?aid=187847&r=0 |archive-date=2018-10-31  |title=سمير يوسف الفيلي - الصداميون يتباكون خرفانهم السوداء...!!! |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2018-10-31 |accessdate=2022-07-03}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] 6v22r3jk0xc8nk130l9qzd9cen51lhp 0 238910 1550722 2026-05-26T08:24:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdulkareem Burjis al-Rawi''' (alifariki tarehe 14 Juni 2022)<ref>[https://baghdadtoday.news/news/192204/وفاة-أول-محافظ-للانبار-ب وفاة-أول-محافظ-للانبار-ب] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615174618/https://baghdadtoday.news/news/192204/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8 |date=15 June 2022 }} {{in lang|ar}}</...' 1550722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulkareem Burjis al-Rawi''' (alifariki tarehe 14 Juni 2022)<ref>[https://baghdadtoday.news/news/192204/وفاة-أول-محافظ-للانبار-ب وفاة-أول-محافظ-للانبار-ب] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615174618/https://baghdadtoday.news/news/192204/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8 |date=15 June 2022 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref> alikuwa Gavana wa kwanza wa [[Mkoa wa Al Anbar]] nchini [[Iraki|Iraq]] baada ya [[Uvamizi wa Iraq wa 2003|uvamizi wa nchi hiyo]], akihudumu hadi mwezi Agosti 2004 alipojiuzulu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] sh203midnffxu1j40lrccm2wcmv1m8m 0 238911 1550725 2026-05-26T08:31:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kamil Chadirji''' (1897–1968, pia huandikwa '''Kamil al-Chadirji''' au '''Kamel al-Chaderji''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mpiga picha, mwanasheria, na mwanaharakati wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], ambaye pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa chama cha National Democratic Party (Iraq, 1946)<ref name=almada2>{{Cite web|url=http://almadasupplements.com/news.php?action=view&id=19602#sthash.u1JPkrdD.yMJ01TuK.dpbs|title=الجادرجي وجماعة الاهالي|last=Al-Numan|first=S...' 1550725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamil Chadirji''' (1897–1968, pia huandikwa '''Kamil al-Chadirji''' au '''Kamel al-Chaderji''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mpiga picha, mwanasheria, na mwanaharakati wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], ambaye pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa chama cha National Democratic Party (Iraq, 1946)<ref name=almada2>{{Cite web|url=http://almadasupplements.com/news.php?action=view&id=19602#sthash.u1JPkrdD.yMJ01TuK.dpbs|title=الجادرجي وجماعة الاهالي|last=Al-Numan|first=S.O.|date=|website=Almada|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alihudumu kama mbunge katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq mnamo miaka ya 1920 na 1950. Alikuwa baba mzazi wa msanifu majengo mashuhuri wa mtindo wa kisasa, [[Rifat Chadirji]], pamoja na kiongozi wa kisasa wa kisiasa, [[Naseer al-Chaderchi]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kuanzisha chama cha National Democratic Party kikiwa na mwelekeo wa mrengo wa kushoto, na alikuwa mtu mwenye ushawishi mkubwa katika ulingo wa kisiasa aliyepinga utawala wa kifalme na kupigania mageuzi ya kijamii.<ref name="Online">"The Kamil and Rifat Chadirji Photographic Archive comes to the Aga Khan Documentation Center," ''MIT Library,'' [https://libraries.mit.edu/news/kamil-rifat-chadirji/26478/ Online:]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1897|1968}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] nt0azd612umnzumo610pqmyw0o7ri5c 1550726 1550725 2026-05-26T08:32:20Z Egipa 87700 1550726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamil Chadirji''' (1897–1968, pia huandikwa '''Kamil al-Chadirji''' au '''Kamel al-Chaderji''', alikuwa mwanasiasa, mpiga picha, mwanasheria, na mwanaharakati wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], ambaye pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa chama cha National Democratic Party (Iraq, 1946)<ref name=almada2>{{Cite web|url=http://almadasupplements.com/news.php?action=view&id=19602#sthash.u1JPkrdD.yMJ01TuK.dpbs|title=الجادرجي وجماعة الاهالي|last=Al-Numan|first=S.O.|date=|website=Almada|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alihudumu kama mbunge katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq mnamo miaka ya 1920 na 1950. Alikuwa baba mzazi wa msanifu majengo mashuhuri wa mtindo wa kisasa, [[Rifat Chadirji]], pamoja na kiongozi wa kisasa wa kisiasa, [[Naseer al-Chaderchi]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kuanzisha chama cha National Democratic Party kikiwa na mwelekeo wa mrengo wa kushoto, na alikuwa mtu mwenye ushawishi mkubwa katika ulingo wa kisiasa aliyepinga utawala wa kifalme na kupigania mageuzi ya kijamii.<ref name="Online">"The Kamil and Rifat Chadirji Photographic Archive comes to the Aga Khan Documentation Center," ''MIT Library,'' [https://libraries.mit.edu/news/kamil-rifat-chadirji/26478/ Online:]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1897|1968}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] ostop2w81x2c4vt01p54ohd4ehchn90 0 238912 1550733 2026-05-26T08:44:24Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga''' (10 Juni 1969 – 1 Desemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=André Kimbuta Yango {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/4016/andre-kimbuta|work=www.africa-confidential.com|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 338carq1881ugoefyjr8rkwnkly1a58 0 238913 1550734 2026-05-26T08:53:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mundindi Didi Kilengo''' ni mwanadiplomasia wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], ambaye anahudumu kama balozi wa Kongo nchini [[Angola]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Great Lakes: IRIN Weekly Round-up, 8/4/97|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/irin_8497.html|work=www.africa.upenn.edu|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hku73ll89nn9qqaaw87j85ds6ig7irr 0 238914 1550736 2026-05-26T08:59:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seth Kikuni''' (amezaliwa 14 Desemba 1981 mjini Kinshasa) ni mjasiriamali, mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa wa [[Kongo]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wagombea katika uchaguzi wa urais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo mwaka 2018, na alikuwa mgombea mwenye umri mdogo zaidi katika uchaguzi huo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An opposition Congo politician is sentenced to 1 year in prison for inciting civil disobedience|url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-prison-opposition-arrest-50dfcd0cbfea4580cfca6be67c046e7a|work=AP News|date=2024-11-28|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4wkag0jfu9yxrwn9bq3t4ddbcvhwbde 0 238915 1550737 2026-05-26T09:03:24Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Marie Lukundji Kikuni''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utamaduni na Sanaa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, ambayo ilidumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6njjl4c9g198222569mdyen2ah3hym6 0 238916 1550738 2026-05-26T09:05:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Augustin Kibassa Maliba''' (amezaliwa 30 Novemba 1971) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Huduma za Posta, Mawasiliano ya Simu na Huduma Mpya za Habari na Mawasiliano katika serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> Yeye ni rais wa kundi la UDPS/Kibassa, ambalo ni mrengo wa upinzani na chama huru kilichojitenga kutoka chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} r48fip8eoujmf8thduxz2j5pk0a1pk0 0 238917 1550739 2026-05-26T09:09:33Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simon Mboso Kiamputu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Viwanda wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kabila names coalition government for DRC|url=https://sardc.net/en/southern-african-news-features/kabila-names-coalition-government-for-drc/|work=Knowledge for Development|date=2007-02-11|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-US|author=Shingi}}</ref> Serikali hiyo iliyoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga ilianza rasmi tarehe 25 Novemba 2007. Mboso Kiamputu pia ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] drc06zqv5o19gn3jnsib4r550gr6bko 0 238918 1550741 2026-05-26T09:16:06Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Honoré Kazadi Lukonda Ngube-Ngube''' (amezaliwa 28 Julai 1963, Lubumbashi, Mkoa wa Katanga) ni mchumi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Présidentielle : Pierre Honoré Kazadi Lukonda préconise une "transition de 24 mois avec Kabila " {{!}} adiac-congo.com : toute l'actualité du Bassin du Congo|url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/presidentielle-pierre-honore-kazadi-lukonda-preconise-une-transition-de-24-mois-avec-kabila|work=www.adiac-congo.com|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa profesa wa uchumi katika vyuo vikuu vya Kasaï na Katanga, na pia ni mchungaji wa Kiprotestanti. Aligombea urais kupitia chama cha Popular Front for Justice katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018 nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] p8jqzarq6ey40hmra5oowygmjlq4wvj 0 238919 1550743 2026-05-26T09:19:11Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Katolo Kabongo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation. Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Citation|title=KATOLO KABONGO Eric|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=katolo-kabongo-eric|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dby99pacc31ky7gljfq4jb9v898snbm 1550806 1550743 2026-05-26T11:10:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1550806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Katolo Kabongo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Union for the Congolese Nation. Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Citation|title=KATOLO KABONGO Eric|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=katolo-kabongo-eric|work=RDC - Assemblée Nationale|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053241/http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?team=katolo-kabongo-eric|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tq67u38u79j00tyf9a8x60yo19ujmca 0 238920 1550744 2026-05-26T09:20:58Z Family 001 70423 Nimeanzisha makala mpya 1550744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moncef Dhouib''' (Kiarabu: المنصف ذويب) (alizaliwa mwaka 1952 mjini Sfax) ni mwongozaji wa filamu, mwigizaji, mwandishi wa miswada, mtayarishaji, na mchezeshaji wa vikaragosi kutoka nchini [[Tunisia]]. Yeye ni mshindi wa tuzo ya FESPACO. Baada ya kutengeneza filamu fupi nne zilizopata umaarufu mkubwa katika miaka ya 1980, alitengeneza filamu za ''The Sultan of the City'' (Soltane El Medina) (1993) na ''The TV arrives'' (Talfaza Jaya) (2006).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&q=Moncef+Dhouib&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Moncef%20Dhouib&f=false|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2008-07-11|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-35116-6|language=en}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Dhouib Moncef|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7174&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=557|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Aliandaa maonyesho makubwa ya chezeshaji wa vikaragosi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Moncef Dhouib|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/moncef-dhouib/7174|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2014, aliandika kitabu kilichoitwa ''Le roi et les trois buffles.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le lion et les trois buffles aux éditions Seuil Jeunesse|url=https://seuiljeunesse.com/ouvrage/le-lion-et-les-trois-buffles-moncef-dhouib/9791023500653|work=seuiljeunesse.com|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr|author=Editions Seuil Jeunesse}}</ref> == Filamu zilizochaguliwa == '''Muigizaji''' Aliigiza nafasi ya mjakazi mnamo 1983 katika filamu ya ''Misunderstood.'' '''Uongozaji Filamu''' Aliongoza mfululizo wa filamu fupi mnamo 1980. * 1986: ''Hammam D'hab'' iliyoandikwa na Hedi Abassi. * 1989: ''El hadhra''. * 1992: ''Soltane El Medina'' (The Sultan of The City) iliyoongozwa na Ahmed Baha. * 1995: ''Tourba''. * 1999: ''Les siestes grenadine'' (Grenadine naps) iliyoongozwa na Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud. * 2006: Alitayarisha na kuongoza filamu ya vichekesho iitwayo ''Talfaza Jaya'' iliyotengenezwa na kampuni ya ''Manara Productions''. '''Ukumbi wa Maigizo''' Pia aliandika maonyesho matatu yaliyopata mafanikio makubwa nchini Tunisia: * 1993: ''Makki and Zakia'' na ''Fi hak Essardouk Enraychou'' (michezo ya kuigiza ya mtu mmoja) iliyoigizwa na Lamine Nahdi (kila mmoja kati ya michezo hiyo alitumbuiza kwa zaidi ya miaka sita). * 2008: ''Mme Kenza'' lililoigizwa na Wajiha Jendoubi. * ''Manseya Fe Al Entekhabet Al Re2aseya'' (Aliyesahaulika kwenye Uchaguzi wa Rais) lililotumbuizwa na Naima El Jeni. == Tuzo == Alipokea Tuzo ya Filamu Fupi Bora katika Tamasha la 7 la Filamu za Afrika mjini [[Milano|Milan]], [[Italia]]. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu]] eu8k2tea40iibfcku2250waz3iq7i9n 0 238921 1550745 2026-05-26T09:22:26Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anicet Kashamura''' (17 Desemba 1928 – 18 Agosti 2004) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sj9mDQAAQBAJ|title=Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|last=Kisangani|first=Emizet Francois|date=2016-11-18|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-1-4422-7316-0|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] fbv42c7xlcrw94gzgsgpv7exv9twwbm 0 238922 1550747 2026-05-26T09:33:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdullah Al Damluji''' (1890–1970), pia akijulikana kama Abdullah Beg Al Damluji, alikuwa tabibu wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] alihudumu kama mmoja wa washauri wa [[Ibn Saud]]. Alishikilia nafasi mbalimbali za kiserikali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (Saudi Arabia) Najd na Hejaz pamoja na wa Iraq. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Damluji alizaliwa mjini [[Mosul, Iraq]], mnamo mwaka 1890.<ref name=wwofi>{{cite web|title=The Who's Who of Iraq|year...' 1550747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah Al Damluji''' (1890–1970), pia akijulikana kama Abdullah Beg Al Damluji, alikuwa tabibu wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] alihudumu kama mmoja wa washauri wa [[Ibn Saud]]. Alishikilia nafasi mbalimbali za kiserikali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje (Saudi Arabia) Najd na Hejaz pamoja na wa Iraq. == Maisha ya mapema na elimu == Damluji alizaliwa mjini [[Mosul, Iraq]], mnamo mwaka 1890.<ref name=wwofi>{{cite web|title=The Who's Who of Iraq|year=1936|publisher=Imara wa Tijara |url=http://www.imarawatijara.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Whos-Who-Iraq-Directory-1936.pdf|access-date=13 March 2021|page=568|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807053951/http://www.imarawatijara.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Whos-Who-Iraq-Directory-1936.pdf}}</ref><ref name=adam>{{cite book|author=Adam Mestyan|year=2023|title=Modern Arab Kingship: Remaking the Ottoman Political Order in the Interwar Middle East|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|pages=189–190|location=Princeton, NJ; Oxford|isbn=9780691249353 |doi=10.1353/book.113384|s2cid=260307818 }}</ref> Alikuwa mhitimu wa Chuo cha Kijeshi cha Tiba na Chuo cha Tiba cha Haidar Pasha, vyote vikiwa mjini [[Constantinople]].<ref name=wwofi/> Alikuwa pia akizungumza lugha ya Kifaransa kwa ufasaha.<ref name=les>{{cite book|author=Leslie McLoughlin|title=Ibn Saud: Founder of A Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n2uCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115|year=1993|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-349-22578-1|page=56|location=New York}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1890|1970}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] r4fir8loi813h14z8isuqlj5dvjaqob 0 238923 1550748 2026-05-26T09:34:28Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpinga Kasenda''' (30 Agosti 1937 – 7 Mei 1994) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Zaire kuanzia 6 Julai 1977 hadi 6 Machi 1979, na pia Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 1993 hadi 1994.<ref>{{Citation|last=Reuter|title=Zairian Minister In Plane Crash|date=1994-05-08|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/national/1994/05/08/zairian-minister-in-plane-crash/ea0633de-7076-46fd-933a-6317b1ff1c89/|work=The Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Alifariki katika ajali ya ndege karibu na uwanja wa ndege wa Kinshasa mwaka 1994. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] c0sd3e5ug5gqo6jlk0ynmza0npnl6qz 0 238924 1550750 2026-05-26T09:37:35Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''André Kabanda Kana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Ofisi ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, ambayo ilidumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digitalcongo.net {{!}} La RDC enfin dotée du Gouvernement de l’alternance démocratique|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article-en/5d639f30afb19500046d1606/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f18j5jzca8ehju4rakcj8ii1n1zdr12 0 238925 1550752 2026-05-26T09:41:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi''' ( 20 Mei 1885<ref name="birth">{{cite web|url=http://rulers.org/indexf1.html#faysa1 |title=rulers.org |publisher=rulers.org |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="birth1">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202997/Faysal-I |title=britannica.com |publisher=britannica.com |date=8 September 1933 |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>{{Sfn|Allawi|2014}} – 8 Septemba 1933) alikuwa mwanasi...' 1550752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi''' ( 20 Mei 1885<ref name="birth">{{cite web|url=http://rulers.org/indexf1.html#faysa1 |title=rulers.org |publisher=rulers.org |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="birth1">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202997/Faysal-I |title=britannica.com |publisher=britannica.com |date=8 September 1933 |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>{{Sfn|Allawi|2014}} – 8 Septemba 1933) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Hejaz]] aliyehudumu kama Mfalme wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] kuanzia tarehe 23 Agosti 1921 hadi kifo chake mnamo mwaka 1933. Akiwa mwanachama wa familia ya [[Wahashemi]], alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa [[Uasi wa Waarabu|Uasi Mkuu wa Waarabu]] wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia, na alitawala kama [[Orodha ya wafalme wa Syria|Mfalme]] (asiyetambuliwa kimataifa) wa [[Ufalme wa Kiarabu wa Syria]] kuanzia mwezi Machi hadi Julai 1920 kabla ya Vita kati ya [[Ufaransa]] na [[Syria]] na kufukuzwa na Wafaransa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hahn |first=Peter |title=Historical dictionary of United States-Middle East relations |date=2007 |publisher=Scarecrow Press, Lanham |isbn=9780810864566 |pages=56 |oclc=1021765856 |language=English}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1885|1933}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] k9rda8m3t1zf3ofazlto0yffezmc2yl 0 238926 1550753 2026-05-26T09:41:09Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Germain Kambinga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa mwaka 2011. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Viwanda wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actualité {{!}} Débat sur un troisième mandat : Germain Kambinga estime que « le peuple doit pouvoir s’exprimer librement » {{!}} mediacongo.net|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-163635_debat_sur_un_troisieme_mandat_germain_kambinga_estime_que_le_peuple_doit_pouvoir_s_exprimer_librement.html|work=www.mediacongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr|author=mediacongo.net}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hcz1ygnazszrm3gc43zqbqew4f51f9g 0 238927 1550754 2026-05-26T09:43:45Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Roger Kamba Mulamba''' ni Waziri wa Afya ya Umma katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], ambaye aliteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Santé : Dr Roger Kamba dévoile les axes prioritaires de sa mission au ministère de la santé|url=https://laprosperiteonline.net/2023/03/31/sante-dr-roger-kamba-devoile-les-axes-prioritaires-de-sa-mission-au-ministere-de-la-sante/|work=Laprosperite|date=2023-03-31|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR|author=La Prospérité}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nvcup5s5dqbbn30fxv848tvq984c9h0 0 238928 1550755 2026-05-26T09:44:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rend al-Rahim Francke''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1949) ni mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] ambaye mara nyingi huonekana kwenye vipindi mbalimbali vya habari na masuala ya sasa.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna11541484 Civil war may threaten unification of Iraq - Hardball with Chris Matthews - nbcnews.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="pbs1">{{cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june07/sadr_04-16.html |arc...' 1550755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rend al-Rahim Francke''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1949) ni mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] ambaye mara nyingi huonekana kwenye vipindi mbalimbali vya habari na masuala ya sasa.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna11541484 Civil war may threaten unification of Iraq - Hardball with Chris Matthews - nbcnews.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="pbs1">{{cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june07/sadr_04-16.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070522034011/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june07/sadr_04-16.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= May 22, 2007 |title= Al-Sadr Loyalists Resign from Iraqi Cabinet |work= [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] |date= April 16, 2007 |accessdate= April 18, 2007}}</ref> Alishikilia nafasi ya [[Balozi]] wa [[Iraq]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Anachukuliwa kuwa mtu anayefuata misingi ya mtazamo wa kidunia (secularist) akijaribu kuisaidia Iraq mpito kuelekea mfumo wa kidemokrasia wa kiliberali. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] a064vpneqavf4dvybq18btr1iuc8dv1 3 238929 1550756 2026-05-26T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550756 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) tdgg9m5kkzcrakm9yhg43h38jkqrd7j 3 238930 1550757 2026-05-26T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550757 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) tdgg9m5kkzcrakm9yhg43h38jkqrd7j 3 238931 1550758 2026-05-26T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550758 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) tdgg9m5kkzcrakm9yhg43h38jkqrd7j 3 238932 1550759 2026-05-26T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550759 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) tdgg9m5kkzcrakm9yhg43h38jkqrd7j 3 238933 1550760 2026-05-26T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550760 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) tdgg9m5kkzcrakm9yhg43h38jkqrd7j 3 238934 1550761 2026-05-26T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550761 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238935 1550762 2026-05-26T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550762 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238936 1550763 2026-05-26T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550763 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238937 1550764 2026-05-26T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550764 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238938 1550765 2026-05-26T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550765 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238939 1550766 2026-05-26T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550766 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 0afne6kkt4qphcln7jd8z5lawu49bqe 3 238940 1550767 2026-05-26T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550767 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 4is99yn5b88frqizrzthlqldwpo6asc 0 238941 1550768 2026-05-26T09:50:11Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda''' (10 Desemba 1940 – 21 Januari 2016) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kongo aliyezaliwa Kikwit. Aligombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2006 nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mshauri wa Mobutu Sese Seko, na katika miaka ya 1990 alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za serikali, zikiwemo Naibu Waziri Mkuu na Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje mara tatu (1982–1983, 1995–Februari 1996, na Desemba 1996 hadi Mei 1997). Aliwahi pia kuwa Waziri wa Utafiti wa Kisayansi katika serikali ya mpito. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] mkx10aulees05wf7870hjnoyqfnbw1m 3 238942 1550770 2026-05-26T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550770 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 4is99yn5b88frqizrzthlqldwpo6asc 0 238943 1550771 2026-05-26T09:50:27Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (Al-Gailani)'''pia huandikwa kama '''Sayyid Rashid Aali al-Gillani''', '''Sayyid Rashid Ali al-Gailani''' au wakati mwingine '''Sayyad Rashid Ali el Keilany''' ("[[Sayyid|Sayyad]]" hutumika kama heshima kwa wanaume wenye hadhi ya juu)</ref>{{IPA|ar|raʃiːd ʕaːliː al.keːlaːniː}}) (1892 – 28 Agosti 1965) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iraq]] katika vipindi vitatu tofauti: kuanzia Machi h...' 1550771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (Al-Gailani)'''pia huandikwa kama '''Sayyid Rashid Aali al-Gillani''', '''Sayyid Rashid Ali al-Gailani''' au wakati mwingine '''Sayyad Rashid Ali el Keilany''' ("[[Sayyid|Sayyad]]" hutumika kama heshima kwa wanaume wenye hadhi ya juu)</ref>{{IPA|ar|raʃiːd ʕaːliː al.keːlaːniː}}) (1892 – 28 Agosti 1965) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iraq]] katika vipindi vitatu tofauti: kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 1933, kuanzia Machi 1940 hadi Februari 1941, na kuanzia Aprili hadi Mei 1941. Anakumbukwa zaidi kama mwanaharakati thabiti wa mrengo wa [[Utaifa wa Waarabu|utaifa wa Waarabu]] aliyejaribu kuondoa ushawishi wa [[Uingereza]] nchini [[Ufalme wa Iraq|Iraq]] kwa kuanzisha mapinduzi dhidi ya serikali mnamo mwaka 1941. Katika vipindi vyake vifupi vya uwaziri mkuu mnamo 1940 na 1941, alijaribu kufanya mazungumzo na [[Nchi za mhimili|Mataifa ya Mihimili (Axis powers)]] wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] ili kukabiliana na ushawishi wa Waingereza nchini Iraq. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Maelezo ya ziada == {{Reflist|group="note"}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1892|1965}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] oezncj4s1ehaadwednkfxlcw74y984l 3 238944 1550772 2026-05-26T09:50:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550772 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 4is99yn5b88frqizrzthlqldwpo6asc 3 238945 1550773 2026-05-26T09:50:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550773 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 4is99yn5b88frqizrzthlqldwpo6asc 3 238946 1550774 2026-05-26T09:50:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550774 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) 4is99yn5b88frqizrzthlqldwpo6asc 3 238947 1550775 2026-05-26T09:51:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550775 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) c1ghe1vaf11mcudcogw3rpp1cj4s3s2 3 238948 1550776 2026-05-26T09:51:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550776 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) c1ghe1vaf11mcudcogw3rpp1cj4s3s2 3 238949 1550777 2026-05-26T09:51:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1550777 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) c1ghe1vaf11mcudcogw3rpp1cj4s3s2 0 238950 1550778 2026-05-26T09:53:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Collins Musonda Kalusambo''' ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Kiuchumi, Kijamii na Kitamaduni la Umoja wa [[Afrika]] (African Union’s Economic, Social and Cultural Council), akiwakilisha Afrika ya Kati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.africa-union.org/organs/ecosocc/LIST%20OF%20%20MEMBERS%20OF%20%20ECOSOCC%20COMMITTEES.pdf|work=www.africa-union.org|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 63qm46z3e2t795yqmx463l4jbog9cx7 0 238951 1550779 2026-05-26T09:54:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdul Rahman Abdullah al-Habib al-Rawi''' alikuwa mwanauchumi na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Anah]] mnamo mwaka 1920.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Abdul|title=Political and cultural background of the Iraqi ministerial elite 1966-1968|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]]' 1550779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Rahman Abdullah al-Habib al-Rawi''' alikuwa mwanauchumi na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]], alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Anah]] mnamo mwaka 1920.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Abdul|title=Political and cultural background of the Iraqi ministerial elite 1966-1968|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1920||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] sz3rxei7m7fz3buukautjtwf8reikuc 0 238952 1550780 2026-05-26T09:56:30Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''François Nicéphore Kakese Malela''' (amezaliwa 11 Mei 1956 huko Kifuza, Bandundu) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni rais wa chama cha Union pour le réveil et le développement du Congo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CENI RD Congo :Candidature à la présidentielle pour l'élection 2011|url=http://www.ceni.gouv.cd/candidature.aspx?type=1&id=157|work=www.ceni.gouv.cd|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> Aligombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2011 nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o5kxddqn8r8r6lxcmw3lwwb2xw4eg2c 0 238953 1550782 2026-05-26T09:57:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khairuddin Haseeb''' (Agosti 1929 – 12 Machi 2021) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, mwanataaluma, na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alkhaleej.ae/2021-03-13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%...' 1550782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khairuddin Haseeb''' (Agosti 1929 – 12 Machi 2021) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, mwanataaluma, na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alkhaleej.ae/2021-03-13/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9|title=وفاة المفكر العراقي خير الدين حسيب|date=13 March 2021|work=alkhaleej.ae|language=Arabic}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais wa Kituo cha Tafiti za Umoja wa Waarabu (Centre for Arab Unity Studies|ar|مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية}}) tangu kuanzishwa kwake mnamo mwaka 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omaraltaleb.com/KOTOB/maosoaa/07khaa.htm|title=أعلام الموصل في القرن العشرين للعلامة الدكتور عمر محمد الطالب|work=omaraltaleb.com|language=Arabic|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730171552/http://www.omaraltaleb.com/KOTOB/maosoaa/07khaa.htm|archive-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2021}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] hospnbec94iccpxcjo1nzk3r6vp6qb6 0 238954 1550783 2026-05-26T09:57:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Paulus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 1 Septemba 1970) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Alianza kucheza katika WTA Tour mwaka 1986 na alistaafu mwaka 2001. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda jumla ya mashindano saba ya WTA (mataji sita ya mmoja mmoja na taji moja la wawili wawili). Paulus aliichezea Austria Fed Cup team mara 21 katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na wawili wawili, akishinda mechi tisa kati ya 22 alizocheza. == Taal...' 1550783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Paulus''' (amezaliwa tarehe 1 Septemba 1970) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[tenisi]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Austria]]. Alianza kucheza katika WTA Tour mwaka 1986 na alistaafu mwaka 2001. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda jumla ya mashindano saba ya WTA (mataji sita ya mmoja mmoja na taji moja la wawili wawili). Paulus aliichezea Austria Fed Cup team mara 21 katika mchezo wa mmoja mmoja na wawili wawili, akishinda mechi tisa kati ya 22 alizocheza. == Taaluma == Paulus ni miongoni mwa wachezaji wanawake wa Austria waliofanikiwa zaidi, akiwa mmoja wa wachezaji wawili pekee wa Austria kufika ndani ya 10 bora duniani, pamoja na Barbara Schett, licha ya taaluma yake kukumbwa na majeraha mara kwa mara. Alishinda mataji sita ya mmoja mmoja na taji moja la wawili wawili katika WTA Tour. Miongoni mwa mafanikio yake makubwa ni ushindi dhidi ya wachezaji wakubwa wa wakati wake kama Chris Evert, Mary Pierce, Gabriela Sabatini, Conchita Martínez, na Jana Novotná.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=[http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/160013/title/barbara-paulus#bio|title=Barbara](http://www.wtatennis.com/players/player/160013/title/barbara-paulus#bio|title=Barbara) Paulus|work=WTA Tennis |date=7 Aprili 2017 |author1=Admin }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2hu83z78ggz9s7b9k2fvloi9ny5wmlj 0 238955 1550784 2026-05-26T09:59:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clovis Kabongo Malemba''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]] na rais wa chama cha Action Démocratique Nationale. Aligombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2006 nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clovis Kabongo Malemba|url=https://a.osmarks.net/content/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2020-08/A/Clovis_Kabongo_Malemba|work=a.osmarks.net|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l149v9dpxpili1sh2drec96tdgp3pu5 0 238956 1550785 2026-05-26T10:00:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tariq al-Hashimi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1942)<ref name=silobreaker>{{cite web|url=http://www.silobreaker.com/biography-for-tariq-alhashemi-5_2260060937593552896_4|title=Biography for Tariq al-Hashimi|work=Silobreaker|date=15 January 2009|accessdate=10 April 2012|url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130104160415/http://news.silobreaker.com/biography-for-tariq-alhashemi-5_2260060937593552896_4|archivedate=4 January 2013}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa...' 1550785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq al-Hashimi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1942)<ref name=silobreaker>{{cite web|url=http://www.silobreaker.com/biography-for-tariq-alhashemi-5_2260060937593552896_4|title=Biography for Tariq al-Hashimi|work=Silobreaker|date=15 January 2009|accessdate=10 April 2012|url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130104160415/http://news.silobreaker.com/biography-for-tariq-alhashemi-5_2260060937593552896_4|archivedate=4 January 2013}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa [[Iraq]] ambaye alihudumu kama katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Kiislamu cha Iraq (IIP) hadi mwezi Mei 2009. Alihudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Iraq kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2012. Akiwa mfuasi wa mrengo wa [[Sunni]], alichukua nafasi ya mwanasiasa mwenzake wa Sunni, [[Ghazi al-Yawar]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] okadu4o4ool8r8s77mfmyxwv9l27f5d 0 238957 1550786 2026-05-26T10:04:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{'}}Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani''' (1903–1997) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraq]].<ref name=autogenerated1>Orit Bashkin. The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Pp. 129.</ref> Alikuwa mtetezi mashuhuri wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Iraq hasa katika masuala yanayohusu Wairaq,<ref name=autogenerated1 /> na mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waarabu kwa ujumla.<ref>Yitzhak Nakash. ''The Shi...' 1550786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{'}}Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani''' (1903–1997) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraq]].<ref name=autogenerated1>Orit Bashkin. The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 2009. Pp. 129.</ref> Alikuwa mtetezi mashuhuri wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Iraq hasa katika masuala yanayohusu Wairaq,<ref name=autogenerated1 /> na mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waarabu kwa ujumla.<ref>Yitzhak Nakash. ''The Shi'is of Iraq''. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp. 110.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1903|1997}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iraq]] 5czuytepsrbcpij0aswpccczah1i2mz 0 238958 1550787 2026-05-26T10:09:25Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hamid Yusif Hummadi''' (1935 – 24 Mei 2022) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alihudumu kama Orodha ya Mawaziri wa Habari wa Iraq na Waziri wa Utamaduni na Habari kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1996, na kama Waziri wa Utamaduni, Utalii, na Mambo ya Kale kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=12 April 2012|title=بغداد تفرج عن وزير ثقافة صدام حسين|trans-title= |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle...' 1550787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamid Yusif Hummadi''' (1935 – 24 Mei 2022) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alihudumu kama Orodha ya Mawaziri wa Habari wa Iraq na Waziri wa Utamaduni na Habari kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1996, na kama Waziri wa Utamaduni, Utalii, na Mambo ya Kale kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=12 April 2012|title=بغداد تفرج عن وزير ثقافة صدام حسين|trans-title= |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/15100-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86|language=Arabic|work=[[Sky News Arabia]]|location= |access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> Alifariki dunia nchini Falme za Kiarabu mnamo tarehe 24 Mei 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=24 May 2022|title=وفاة حامد يوسف حمادي وزير الثقافة في عهد صدام حسين|trans-title= |url=https://www.alaraby.com/news/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86|language=Arabic|work=[[Al Araby (TV channel)|Al Araby]]|location= |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa karne ya 20]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa karne ya 21]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki mwaka 2022]] aqhf7uyyqwyu917rdl9cbr8ak409upl 1550788 1550787 2026-05-26T10:09:53Z Egipa 87700 1550788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamid Yusif Hummadi''' (1935 – 24 Mei 2022) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alihudumu kama Orodha ya Mawaziri wa Habari wa Iraq na Waziri wa Utamaduni na Habari kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1996, na kama Waziri wa Utamaduni, Utalii, na Mambo ya Kale kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=12 April 2012|title=بغداد تفرج عن وزير ثقافة صدام حسين|trans-title= |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/middle-east/15100-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86|language=Arabic|work=[[Sky News Arabia]]|location= |access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> Alifariki dunia nchini Falme za Kiarabu mnamo tarehe 24 Mei 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=24 May 2022|title=وفاة حامد يوسف حمادي وزير الثقافة في عهد صدام حسين|trans-title= |url=https://www.alaraby.com/news/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86|language=Arabic|work=[[Al Araby (TV channel)|Al Araby]]|location= |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] ezhhhkmo12hgvrwibk8qnrwnwkhbwy6 0 238959 1550790 2026-05-26T10:13:10Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Suad Khalil Ismail''' (1928–1995), alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraq]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu kuanzia mwaka 1969 hadi 1972,<ref name="ReferenceJ">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Iraq.htm|title = Iraq Ministers}}</ref> na alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kushika nafasi ya uwaziri katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Iraq.{{cn|date=January 2026}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|1995}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] Jami...' 1550790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suad Khalil Ismail''' (1928–1995), alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraq]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu kuanzia mwaka 1969 hadi 1972,<ref name="ReferenceJ">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Iraq.htm|title = Iraq Ministers}}</ref> na alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kushika nafasi ya uwaziri katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Iraq.{{cn|date=January 2026}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|1995}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] cnar5fyuvfv9mf8weeozcje9ljkh4ry 0 238960 1550791 2026-05-26T10:14:34Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zéphyrin Diambu Mutu-di-Lusala Nieva''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Tarehe 5 Februari 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo katika serikali ya Antoine Gizenga.<ref>{{Citation|last=Bavier|first=Joe|title=Old ministers in new cabinet {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/old-ministers-in-new-cabinet-20081027|work=News24|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Serikali hiyo iliyoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu Antoine Gizenga ilianza rasmi tarehe 25 Novemba 2007. Nieva ni mwanachama wa chama cha Unified Lumumbist Party. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ak0woi4bncsi4y48zskrzgdkk23pulg 0 238961 1550792 2026-05-26T10:16:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khairuddin bin Saleh bin Abdul Qadir bin Khudhur Al-Hindawi Al-Hassani'''<ref name="Ruling families of Iraq">{{cite book|last1=Raouf|first1=Emad Abdul Salam|title=Ruling families of Iraq}}</ref> ([[Kiarabu]]:خيرالدين بن صالح بن عبدالقادر بن خضر الهنداوي الحسني) alikuwa mshairi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na gavana wa mikoa kadhaa nchini humo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900||}} Jamii:Wanasiasa wa...' 1550792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khairuddin bin Saleh bin Abdul Qadir bin Khudhur Al-Hindawi Al-Hassani'''<ref name="Ruling families of Iraq">{{cite book|last1=Raouf|first1=Emad Abdul Salam|title=Ruling families of Iraq}}</ref> ([[Kiarabu]]:خيرالدين بن صالح بن عبدالقادر بن خضر الهنداوي الحسني) alikuwa mshairi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] na gavana wa mikoa kadhaa nchini humo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] ocjn625v0olag44hq08e2tjswefy0uu 0 238962 1550793 2026-05-26T10:17:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne Ilunga Zahina''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Mazingira wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> Zahina ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6pf3juregd0qxcv2r1ynitxg3w9amkr 0 238963 1550794 2026-05-26T10:23:24Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yves Bokunlu Zola''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Utalii wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mitn9og49nt7bghk3lymyflzls2xbsv 0 238964 1550796 2026-05-26T10:29:21Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khattab al-Khedhairi''' (alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq kutoka jimbo la Kut Liwa katika Uchaguzi wa bunge wa Iraq wa 1953 (ambao ulikuwa uchaguzi mkuu wa kwanza wa moja kwa moja nchini Iraq).<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19530127-01.1.7&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-khattab+al%252Dkhedhairi---------|title=New Chamber of Deputies in...' 1550796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khattab al-Khedhairi''' (alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Iraq kutoka jimbo la Kut Liwa katika Uchaguzi wa bunge wa Iraq wa 1953 (ambao ulikuwa uchaguzi mkuu wa kwanza wa moja kwa moja nchini Iraq).<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Iraq Times|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19530127-01.1.7&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-khattab+al%252Dkhedhairi---------|title=New Chamber of Deputies in Iraq's First Direct Election|date=January 27, 1953}}</ref> Alichaguliwa tena katika Uchaguzi wa bunge wa Iraq wa Juni 1954, akiwa ndiye mgombea pekee kutoka chama cha [[United Popular Front (Iraq)|United Popular Front]].<ref>{{cite news|date=June 11, 1954|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19540611-01.1.3&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-khattab+al%252Dkhedhairi---------|title=Candidates Elected|newspaper=Iraq Times}}</ref> Kufikia wakati wa [[Uchaguzi wa bunge wa Iraq wa Septemba 1954, chama cha United Popular Front kilikuwa kimekoma kufanya kazi kwa kiasi kikubwa, lakini al-Khedhairi alichaguliwa tena bila kupingwa kutoka jimbo la Kut.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 8, 1954|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/mena/?a=d&d=iraq19540908-01.1.2&e=-------en-25--1--img-txIN-khattab+al%252Dkhedhairi---------|newspaper=Iraq Times|title=107 Deputies Win Seats Unopposed}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] nzbfyhtuomy56rlynt3sgyoxygr887a 0 238965 1550797 2026-05-26T10:32:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hamid Rashid ''' (alifariki tarehe 3 Mei 2021) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/030520211|title=وفاة رئيس الهيئة العامة لتيار الحكمة بفيروس كورونا|date=3 May 2021|work=Rudaw|language=Arabic}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|2021}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]]' 1550797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamid Rashid ''' (alifariki tarehe 3 Mei 2021) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/030520211|title=وفاة رئيس الهيئة العامة لتيار الحكمة بفيروس كورونا|date=3 May 2021|work=Rudaw|language=Arabic}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|2021}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] nlg3fciwhauaoipnnkhfz1dlq5kl7n4 0 238966 1550798 2026-05-26T10:36:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abbas Mahdi''' ([[Kiarabu]]: عباس مهدي; alizaliwa tarehe 14 Septemba 1898, [[Baghdad]] – alifariki mwaka 1961)<ref>[http://www.imarawatijara.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Whos-Who-Iraq-Directory-1936.pdf The Who is Who of Iraq], 1936</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=سعد |first=‏ساعدي، محمد عبود |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNs3zgEACAAJ |title=‏من رموز الإعتدال الوطني في السياسة العرا...' 1550798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbas Mahdi''' ([[Kiarabu]]: عباس مهدي; alizaliwa tarehe 14 Septemba 1898, [[Baghdad]] – alifariki mwaka 1961)<ref>[http://www.imarawatijara.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Whos-Who-Iraq-Directory-1936.pdf The Who is Who of Iraq], 1936</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=سعد |first=‏ساعدي، محمد عبود |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNs3zgEACAAJ |title=‏من رموز الإعتدال الوطني في السياسة العراقية :: ‏عباس مهدي، ١٨٩٨-١٩٦١ : دراسة تاريخية / |date=2018 |publisher=Dār wa-Maktabat ʻAdnān lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ |language=ar}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1961}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] 5dvd4q6is5dqbzg6nu0q5kf7xdrttbd 0 238967 1550799 2026-05-26T10:39:46Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nureddin Mahmud''' (1899–1981) alikuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] kuanzia tarehe 23 Novemba 1952 hadi tarehe 29 Januari 1953.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/ruli.html#iraq|title = Countries I}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1981}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]]' 1550799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nureddin Mahmud''' (1899–1981) alikuwa Waziri Mkuu wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] kuanzia tarehe 23 Novemba 1952 hadi tarehe 29 Januari 1953.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/ruli.html#iraq|title = Countries I}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1981}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] 0cfu867mygkkiba3g56fr3lp44ll1ou 0 238968 1550800 2026-05-26T10:45:06Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Talib Mushtaq''' (1900–?) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanaharakati wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waarabu nchini [[Iraq]] katika miaka ya 1930. Mushtaq alizaliwa mjini [[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]], mnamo mwaka 1900. Baba yake alikuwa afisa wa [[Dola ya Osmani]] mwenye asili ya [[Uturuki]]. Wakati [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] inaanza, Mushtaq alijaribu kujiunga na [[Jeshi la Osmani]] lakini alikataliwa kutokana na umri wake mdogo. Baada ya [[Uingereza]] kuikalia kim...' 1550800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talib Mushtaq''' (1900–?) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanaharakati wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waarabu nchini [[Iraq]] katika miaka ya 1930. Mushtaq alizaliwa mjini [[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]], mnamo mwaka 1900. Baba yake alikuwa afisa wa [[Dola ya Osmani]] mwenye asili ya [[Uturuki]]. Wakati [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] inaanza, Mushtaq alijaribu kujiunga na [[Jeshi la Osmani]] lakini alikataliwa kutokana na umri wake mdogo. Baada ya [[Uingereza]] kuikalia kimabavu Iraq, Mushtaq alikimbilia kaskazini mwa Iraq pamoja na familia yake ambapo walikaa mjini [[Kirkuk]]. Baadaye Mushtaq alitumwa kwenda [[İzmit]], [[Uturuki]], ambapo aliandishwa katika shule ya bweni. Kufuatia kushindwa kwa Waosmani katika vita hivyo, Mushtaq alishiriki katika maandamano ya wataifa wa Uturuki mjini [[Istanbul]] kupinga uvamizi wa Ugiriki, na alitoa hotuba kwa umma akitaka uhuru wa [[İzmir]]. Alirejea Iraq kwa sababu za kiuchumi baada ya kutafuta msaada wa kifedha kutoka kwa Sherif Husain, mwakilishi aliyekuwa akiwahamasisha Wairaq walioko Istanbul kurejea nchini mwao. Baada ya kuwasili Iraq, Mushtaq alikumbatia mrengo wa utaifa wa Waarabu na kushiriki katika harakati za kitaifa katika miaka ya 1920, na akaja kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Elimu mkoani [[Basra]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wien|first=Peter|year=2014|title=Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932–1941|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1134204795|pages=30–31}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] my09cf1417r7pxvxnhm4fk94bti5bu8 0 238969 1550802 2026-05-26T10:50:30Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi''' (1963 – 22 Septemba 2014)<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|last1=Eleftheriou-Smith|first1=Loulla-Mae|title=Isis publicly executes leading lawyer and human rights activist in Iraq|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-publicly-execute-leading-lawyer-and-human-rights-activist-in-iraq-9756197.html|work=The Independent|date=25 September 2014}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanaharakati wa haki za bina...' 1550802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samira Saleh Ali al-Naimi''' (1963 – 22 Septemba 2014)<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|last1=Eleftheriou-Smith|first1=Loulla-Mae|title=Isis publicly executes leading lawyer and human rights activist in Iraq|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-publicly-execute-leading-lawyer-and-human-rights-activist-in-iraq-9756197.html|work=The Independent|date=25 September 2014}}</ref> alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Wakati wa uvamizi na ukaliaji kimabavu wa mji wa [[Mosul]] uliofanywa na kundi la Dola ya Kiislamu ya Iraq na Shamu alichapisha maoni kwenye akaunti yake ya [[Facebook]] akikosoa uharibifu wa maeneo ya ibada na makaburi ya kidini uliokuwa ukifanywa na kundi hilo mkoani humo.<ref name="Independent"/> Alitekwa nyara na wanaume waliojifunika nyuso zao na kisha kushtakiwa katika mahakama ya [[Sharia]] ya kujipachika ya kundi hilo kwa kosa la [[Urtadi|kuasi dini (apostasy)]]. Baada ya kuteswa kwa muda wa siku tano, aliuawa hadharani mnamo tarehe 22 Septemba 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iraq: Lawyer and human rights defender Samira Saleh Al-Naimi executed by ISIS in Mosul |url=https://www.gc4hr.org/news/view/758 |website=gc4hr.org |publisher=Gulf Center for Human Rights |access-date=12 March 2022 |date=23 September 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|2014}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] 9wfwf6i271fmulkfi8mflwbdugm6san 0 238970 1550803 2026-05-26T10:56:05Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leyla Qasim''' (1952 – 12 Mei 1974) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Wakurd]] wa kabila la [[Feyli (kabila)|Feyli]] aliyepambana na utawala wa [[Iraki|Iraqi]] ya Ba'ath na kuuawa kwa kunyongwa mjini [[Baghdad]]. Anafahamika kama shahidi wa kitaifa miongoni mwa [[Wakurd]]. == Kuzaliwa na utoto == Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu kati ya watano waliozaliwa na Dalahu Qasim, ambaye alikuwa mkulima, na mkewe Kani, katika kijiji cha Masfa mkoani Khanaqin. Walikuwa familia...' 1550803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leyla Qasim''' (1952 – 12 Mei 1974) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa [[Wakurd]] wa kabila la [[Feyli (kabila)|Feyli]] aliyepambana na utawala wa [[Iraki|Iraqi]] ya Ba'ath na kuuawa kwa kunyongwa mjini [[Baghdad]]. Anafahamika kama shahidi wa kitaifa miongoni mwa [[Wakurd]]. == Kuzaliwa na utoto == Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu kati ya watano waliozaliwa na Dalahu Qasim, ambaye alikuwa mkulima, na mkewe Kani, katika kijiji cha Masfa mkoani Khanaqin. Walikuwa familia ya Kikurd kutoka kabila la [[Malekshahi (kabila)|Malekshahi]]. Familia yake ilihamia [[Irbil|Erbil]] wakati alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عاماً على استشهاد المناضلة ليلى قاسم |url=https://www.arknews.net/ar/node/28796 |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=www.arknews.net |language=ar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|1974}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] 5y4ezw3zir4fgprefx0q1hvkgv3c9qw 0 238971 1550804 2026-05-26T11:01:43Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ma'ruf bin Abdul Ghani al-Rusafi''' (1875 – 16 Machi 1945) alikuwa mshairi, mwanaelimu, na msomi wa fasihi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref name="The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 6, Fascicules 107-108">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPsUAAAAIAAJ&q=His+Diwan+Maruf+Al+Rusafi&pg=PA616 | title=The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 6, Fascicules 107-108 | publisher=Brill Archive | author=Clifford Edmund Bosworth | year=1989 | pages=616–617 | isbn...' 1550804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ma'ruf bin Abdul Ghani al-Rusafi''' (1875 – 16 Machi 1945) alikuwa mshairi, mwanaelimu, na msomi wa fasihi wa [[Iraki|Iraq]].<ref name="The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 6, Fascicules 107-108">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPsUAAAAIAAJ&q=His+Diwan+Maruf+Al+Rusafi&pg=PA616 | title=The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume 6, Fascicules 107-108 | publisher=Brill Archive | author=Clifford Edmund Bosworth | year=1989 | pages=616–617 | isbn=9789004090828}}</ref><ref name="Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1850-1950">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAp1uVaBaQIC&q=Ma%27ruf+Al+Rusafi&pg=PA274 | title=Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1850-1950 (Terri deYoung) | publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |author1=Roger M. A. Allen |author2=Joseph Edmund Lowry |author3=Devin J. Stewart | year=2010 | location=Wiesbaden, Germany | pages=274, 75 of 395 pages | isbn=9783447061414}}</ref> Akiwa mtu mwenye mashaka na masuala ya kisiasa, al-Rusafi anachukuliwa kama mwanaharakati wa [[Ubinadamu (falsafa)|ubinadamu]], mshairi wa haki za kijamii, na mmoja wa washairi wa kitaifa wa Iraq. Hata hivyo, anahesabiwa na wengi kama mtu mwenye kuibua utata katika [[Fasihi ya Iraq|fasihi ya kisasa ya Iraq]]<ref name="Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Ma'ruf Ar-Rusafi in Jerusalem | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture | publisher=Anmol Publications | access-date=December 22, 2014 | author=Safa Khulusi | editor=Mohamed Taher | year=1997 | volume=3 | location=New Delhi | url=http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/22_23_rusafi_1.pdf}}</ref> kutokana na utetezi wake wa uhuru na upinzani wake dhidi ya [[Ubeberu]].<ref name="The free dictionary">{{cite web | url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Rusafi,+Maruf+ibn+Abd+al-Ghani+al- | title=The free dictionary | publisher=The free dictionary | date=2014 | access-date=December 22, 2014}}</ref> Kwa sababu hiyo, anajulikana kama ''mshairi wa uhuru'',<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web | url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513026/Maruf-al-Rusafi | title=Britannica | publisher=Britannica | access-date=December 22, 2014}}</ref> na kama mmoja wa washairi watatu wakubwa wa mamboleo (neo-classical) wa Iraq, akishirikiana na [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri|al-Jawahiri]] pamoja na [[Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi|al-Zahawi]].{{sfn|Caiani|2013|p=41}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1875|1945}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Iraq]] 8ailyywzfrwt0l1zvvh2tn6hwqjhna5 0 238972 1550805 2026-05-26T11:05:22Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuma Kipuya''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Mawasiliano wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa. Kipuya ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digitalcongo.net {{!}} La RDC enfin dotée du Gouvernement de l’alternance démocratique|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article-en/5d639f30afb19500046d1606/|work=www.digitalcongo.net|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j0gc8o280vdpp0biozdfd8yltcgjf07 0 238973 1550808 2026-05-26T11:19:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ray Lowry''' ([[Agosti 28]], [[1944]] – [[Oktoba 14]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mchora katuni na picha, na mchambuzi wa [[Uingereza]], akiwa na mtindo wa kipekee na ucheshi. Alichangia kwa majarida kama The Guardian, Private Eye, Punch , The Tatler na NME, miongoni mwa machapisho mengine.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |last=Dickinson |first=Bob |title=Ray Lowry obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/nov/01/art|work=The Guardian}}</ref>...' 1550808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ray Lowry''' ([[Agosti 28]], [[1944]] – [[Oktoba 14]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mchora katuni na picha, na mchambuzi wa [[Uingereza]], akiwa na mtindo wa kipekee na ucheshi. Alichangia kwa majarida kama The Guardian, Private Eye, Punch , The Tatler na NME, miongoni mwa machapisho mengine.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |last=Dickinson |first=Bob |title=Ray Lowry obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/nov/01/art|work=The Guardian}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] sc9yiqsy7jpn16x5nlzys78allkbyhd 0 238974 1550809 2026-05-26T11:21:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Yav''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa kwanza wa Masuala ya Uchumi wa Zaire, ambayo sasa ni Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, katika serikali ya Patrice Émery Lumumba iliyodumu kuanzia 24 Juni hadi 12 Septemba 1960.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics in the Congo : decolonization and independence {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/307971|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha CONAKAT. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] otfeizcwihi73ishq7rth1vpaoqctbd 0 238975 1550811 2026-05-26T11:26:47Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550811 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Ndambu Wolang (amezaliwa 10 Machi 1952) ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Alihudumu kama gavana wa Mkoa wa Bandundu kuanzia tarehe 16 Machi 2007 hadi 22 Mei 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=February 2012|url=https://rulers.org/2012-02.html|work=rulers.org|accessdate=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 28rp04p5efkbd606jhhfkz7p6414cia 0 238976 1550812 2026-05-26T11:27:07Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Salih Zaki [[Bey]]''' (1900–1969) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Waturukimani]] aliyeshika madaraka wakati wa [[Ufalme wa Iraq]]. == Wasifu == Salih Zaki alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1900 katika mtaa wa al-Dankajiyya uliopo upande wa [[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|Rusafa]] mjini [[Baghdad]].{{Sfn|Al-Mumayiz|1983|p=30}} Baadaye familia yake ilihamia katika mtaa wa [[Jadid Hassan Pasha]]. Jina lake kamili lilikuwa Salih Zaki bin Hasan Effendi bin M...' 1550812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salih Zaki [[Bey]]''' (1900–1969) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Waturukimani]] aliyeshika madaraka wakati wa [[Ufalme wa Iraq]]. == Wasifu == Salih Zaki alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1900 katika mtaa wa al-Dankajiyya uliopo upande wa [[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|Rusafa]] mjini [[Baghdad]].{{Sfn|Al-Mumayiz|1983|p=30}} Baadaye familia yake ilihamia katika mtaa wa [[Jadid Hassan Pasha]]. Jina lake kamili lilikuwa Salih Zaki bin Hasan Effendi bin Muhammad Effendi Āl Shaker. Alitoka katika familia ya Shaker Effendi ya mjini Baghdad, familia yenye asili ya Uturuki ambayo chimbuko la ukoo wake linarudi nyuma hadi kwenye makabila ya Kiarabu yaliyokuwa yakiishi [[Anatolia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-A'dhami |first=Walid |title=Notables of the Time and Neighbors of Al-Nu'man in the Khayzaran Cemetery |publisher=Al-Raqim Library |year=2001 |location=Baghdad |page=98 |language=ar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1969}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] knc15hlymvllg7bkav6igu2iva8t4r2 0 238977 1550813 2026-05-26T11:29:07Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329765389|Sandra Nashaat]]" 1550813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|image=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|alt=}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> j60ihgi89me5012sv3y7w0fl6h4wctl 1550815 1550813 2026-05-26T11:30:08Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|image=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|alt=}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 9xmtrr0jn7ecdpgsxzfaanhmkvibxzv 1550819 1550815 2026-05-26T11:33:40Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 1wehygppfmmb6hujrqzc3d5qbz59bdk 1550820 1550819 2026-05-26T11:34:41Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} b6v2ta5rsq8f0lm79schof223i3im7a 1550823 1550820 2026-05-26T11:40:40Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> ==Wasifu== Nashaat ni Mkatoliki wa Coptic. Nashaat alihudhuria Taasisi ya Filamu ya Juu ya Cairo pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo ambako alisoma Fasihi ya Kifaransa. Ametengeneza filamu nyingi za muda mrefu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambazo zote zilikuwa mafanikio ya ofisi ya sanduku. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} tj48fftfgh9qhpeh9ljdoipboty4avj 1550825 1550823 2026-05-26T11:43:06Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1550825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref> ==Wasifu== Nashaat ni Mkatoliki wa Coptic. Nashaat alihudhuria Taasisi ya Filamu ya Juu ya Cairo pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo ambako alisoma Fasihi ya Kifaransa. Ametengeneza filamu nyingi za muda mrefu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambazo zote zilikuwa mafanikio ya ofisi ya sanduku. ==Filamu== *Akhir Shita (Last Winter, Filamu fupi ya mwaka 1992) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ry0yjqxogl40qsse8b3twbfg0k9l82k 1550829 1550825 2026-05-26T11:49:31Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Nashaat - Director Filmography، photos، Video|url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1093291|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> ==Wasifu== Nashaat ni Mkatoliki wa Coptic. Nashaat alihudhuria Taasisi ya Filamu ya Juu ya Cairo pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo ambako alisoma Fasihi ya Kifaransa. Ametengeneza filamu nyingi za muda mrefu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambazo zote zilikuwa mafanikio ya ofisi ya sanduku. ==Filamu== *Akhir Shita (Last Winter, Filamu fupi ya mwaka 1992) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 5urfur5tkgcr2esekr67lo9os4tj3ip 1550833 1550829 2026-05-26T11:54:59Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1550833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970 <br> Cairo, Misri|maelezo=Sandra Nashaat mwaka 2018}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Nashaat - Director Filmography، photos، Video|url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1093291|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> ==Wasifu== Nashaat ni Mkatoliki wa Coptic. Nashaat alihudhuria Taasisi ya Filamu ya Juu ya Cairo pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo ambako alisoma Fasihi ya Kifaransa. Ametengeneza filamu nyingi za muda mrefu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambazo zote zilikuwa mafanikio ya ofisi ya sanduku. ==Filamu== *Akhir Shita (Last Winter, Filamu fupi ya mwaka 1992) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} o8mx16q1q6jpn4sho2z5gbweud9q9bl 1550837 1550833 2026-05-26T11:57:51Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Filamu */ 1550837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sandra Nashaat|picha=Sandra Nashaat Egyptian Film Director Speaks at Panel Discussion on Women in Creative Industries.jpg|uraia=Misri|kazi yake=Muongozaji Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=2 Februari 1970 <br> Cairo, Misri|maelezo=Sandra Nashaat mwaka 2018}}'''Sandra Nashaat''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Februari 1970) ni mkurugenzi na muongozaji wa filamu wa Misri. <ref name="Hillauer2005">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|year=2005|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|pages=100–104|chapter=Nashat, Sandra (1970–)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Nashaat - Director Filmography، photos، Video|url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1093291|work=elCinema.com|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en}}</ref> ==Wasifu== Nashaat ni Mkatoliki wa Coptic. Nashaat alihudhuria Taasisi ya Filamu ya Juu ya Cairo pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo ambako alisoma Fasihi ya Kifaransa. Ametengeneza filamu nyingi za muda mrefu katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambazo zote zilikuwa mafanikio ya ofisi ya sanduku. ==Filamu== *Akhir Shita (''Last Winter'', Filamu fupi iliyotolewa mwaka 1992) *Al-Mufiola (''The Editing Table,'' Filamu fupi iliyotolewa mwaka 1994) ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} bfsrxvkdrxtcqd7tvc72tlvqo3599vr 0 238978 1550814 2026-05-26T11:30:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Baba Ali Shaikh Mahmood''' (1912, mjini [[Sulaymaniyah]] – 1996, mjini [[London]])<ref>Sahar Hamouda, Colin Clement: Victoria College - A history revealed, Seiten 78ff und 246. American Univ. in Cairo Press, Cairo/New York 2002</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Wakurd]] na mtoto wa Sheikh [[Mahmud Barzanji]].<ref>Erhard Franz: Kurden und Kurdentum - Zeitgeschichte eines Volkes und seiner Nationalbewegungen, Pages 126, 164f,...' 1550814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baba Ali Shaikh Mahmood''' (1912, mjini [[Sulaymaniyah]] – 1996, mjini [[London]])<ref>Sahar Hamouda, Colin Clement: Victoria College - A history revealed, Seiten 78ff und 246. American Univ. in Cairo Press, Cairo/New York 2002</ref> alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Wakurd]] na mtoto wa Sheikh [[Mahmud Barzanji]].<ref>Erhard Franz: Kurden und Kurdentum - Zeitgeschichte eines Volkes und seiner Nationalbewegungen, Pages 126, 164f, 171f. Mitteilungen 30, Deutsches Orient-Institut Hamburg 1986</ref><ref>* Robin Leonard Bidwell: British documents on foreign affairs - reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print, Band 9 (From the First to the Second World War. Series B, Turkey, Iran, and the Middle East, 1918-1939), Seite 305. University Publications of America, Michigan 1985 bzw.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|1996}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] b4k9alww8clp18sdn0gxx71bq8vwfg3 0 238979 1550817 2026-05-26T11:31:11Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Yalusuka Wata''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Uvuvi na Ufugaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Franco-Rwandaise|first=La Tribune|title=Un gouvernement de 66 ministres pour diriger la RDC - La Tribune franco-rwandaise|url=https://www.france-rwanda.info/2019/08/un-gouvernement-de-66-ministres-pour-diriger-la-rdc.html|work=La Tribune franco-rwandaise|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Union for Democracy and Social Progress. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] jydawahyp0gmj1c4eecmwlom7di2p9w 0 238980 1550818 2026-05-26T11:33:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammad Fakhri bin Muhammad Nafi bin Muhammad Saeed al-Tabaqchali bin Muhammad Amin Effendi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1900 mjini [[Baghdad]], alifariki mwaka 1985), alikuwa mwanasiasa na jaji wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alishika nafasi mbalimbali za kiutawala, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mkuu wa mkoa wa [[Basra]], na alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Iraq.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Ghareeb|first1=Edmund A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIB5qT9sG...' 1550818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Fakhri bin Muhammad Nafi bin Muhammad Saeed al-Tabaqchali bin Muhammad Amin Effendi''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1900 mjini [[Baghdad]], alifariki mwaka 1985), alikuwa mwanasiasa na jaji wa [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alishika nafasi mbalimbali za kiutawala, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mkuu wa mkoa wa [[Basra]], na alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Iraq.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Ghareeb|first1=Edmund A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIB5qT9sGnwC|title=Historical Dictionary of Iraq|last2=Dougherty|first2=Beth|date=2004-03-18|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6568-6|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1985}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] b4u62270v5iqb0m7xkzv79tmwpqubj8 0 238981 1550821 2026-05-26T11:36:55Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rafi ibn Abd al-Latif ibn Talfah''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1954 mjini [[Tikrit]]) ndiye aliyekuwa mkuu wa mwisho wa Idara ya Usalama Mkuu wa [[Iraq]] ([[Polisi wa siri]]) mwishoni mwa utawala wa [[Rais wa Iraq|Rais]] [[Saddam Hussein]] katika kipindi cha [[Iraqi ya Ba'ath|utawala wa chama cha Ba'ath]]. Akiwa binamu wa Saddam kwa upande wa mama,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-most-wanted|title=IRAQ: The Most Wanted|website=Counc...' 1550821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafi ibn Abd al-Latif ibn Talfah''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1954 mjini [[Tikrit]]) ndiye aliyekuwa mkuu wa mwisho wa Idara ya Usalama Mkuu wa [[Iraq]] ([[Polisi wa siri]]) mwishoni mwa utawala wa [[Rais wa Iraq|Rais]] [[Saddam Hussein]] katika kipindi cha [[Iraqi ya Ba'ath|utawala wa chama cha Ba'ath]]. Akiwa binamu wa Saddam kwa upande wa mama,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-most-wanted|title=IRAQ: The Most Wanted|website=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=2020-07-23|archive-date=2019-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523222937/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-most-wanted|url-status=live}}</ref> Rafi alienda kujificha wakati wa [[Vita vya Iraq]], pale majeshi ya Muungano yaliyoongozwa na [[Kikosi cha Mataifa Mbalimbali - Iraq|Marekani]] yalipoivamia nchi hiyo na kupindua serikali ya Saddam Hussein. Kama msaidizi mkuu wa Jenerali [[Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri]], Rafi al-Tikriti alitoa habari na siri zilizosaidia kuchukua hatua dhidi ya watu waliopinga utawala na vikundi vya upinzani katika kila mkoa wa Iraq, hasa vya [[Wakurd]], Wairani, na [[Waturukimani wa Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nance|first=Malcolm|title=The Terrorists of Iraq: Inside the Strategy and Tactics of the Iraq Insurgency 2003–2014|publisher=CRC Press|year=2014|pages=76–77|language=English}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] b7blr9wcl6ary20k4x570t1sp1t9ovv 0 238982 1550822 2026-05-26T11:37:44Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Makwenge Kaput''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Afya ya Umma wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo katika serikali za Gizenga I na Gizenga II kuanzia Februari 2007 hadi Oktoba 2008, na pia katika serikali ya Muzito II kuanzia tarehe 19 Februari 2010.<ref>{{Citation|last=Bavier|first=Joe|title=Old ministers in new cabinet {{!}} News24|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/old-ministers-in-new-cabinet-20081027|work=News24|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy. Serikali ya kwanza ya Antoine Gizenga ilianza tarehe 25 Novemba 2007. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ab1lr8zlcer4j4tqlhotruve2syqcxf 0 238983 1550824 2026-05-26T11:42:15Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Toma Sadiq Kakka''', anayefahamika zaidi kama '''Toma Tomas''' (1924 – 1996) na pia akijulikana kwa jina lake la kishujaa la kivita kama '''Abu Joseph''', alikuwa mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waashuri na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Ukomunisti]] nchini [[Iraq]].{{Sfn|Benjamen|2022|p=xi}} Pia alikuwa kiongozi wa [[Al-Ansar (Iraq)|al-Ansar]], wanamgambo wa mrengo wa [[Umarx-Ulenin]] nchini Iraq waliopigana kwa niaba ya Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Iraq d...' 1550824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toma Sadiq Kakka''', anayefahamika zaidi kama '''Toma Tomas''' (1924 – 1996) na pia akijulikana kwa jina lake la kishujaa la kivita kama '''Abu Joseph''', alikuwa mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa Utaifa wa Waashuri na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Ukomunisti]] nchini [[Iraq]].{{Sfn|Benjamen|2022|p=xi}} Pia alikuwa kiongozi wa [[Al-Ansar (Iraq)|al-Ansar]], wanamgambo wa mrengo wa [[Umarx-Ulenin]] nchini Iraq waliopigana kwa niaba ya Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Iraq dhidi ya serikali ya Iraq kuanzia miaka ya 1960 hadi miaka ya 1980. Chimbuko la harakati zake lilianza katika miaka ya 1950, ambapo baada ya kutoridhishwa na mazingira ya kazi katika kampuni ya [[Iraq Petroleum Company]], alijifunza kuhusu ukomunisti na kujiunga na chama hicho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|1996}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] 0u30g8ab9toece979ckcpbwvw9uj7ix 0 238984 1550827 2026-05-26T11:44:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmad Muhammad Yahya''' alizaliwa katika mkoa wa [[Mosul]] mnamo mwaka 1916 na alifariki mjini [[Baghdad]] mwaka 1998.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=صحيفة التاخي - الزعيم الركن احمد محمد يحيى ثاني وزير داخلية لثورة 14/تموز/1958|url=https://www.altaakhipress.com/viewart.php?art=22232|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.altaakhipress.com|archive-date=2019-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/we...' 1550827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Muhammad Yahya''' alizaliwa katika mkoa wa [[Mosul]] mnamo mwaka 1916 na alifariki mjini [[Baghdad]] mwaka 1998.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=صحيفة التاخي - الزعيم الركن احمد محمد يحيى ثاني وزير داخلية لثورة 14/تموز/1958|url=https://www.altaakhipress.com/viewart.php?art=22232|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.altaakhipress.com|archive-date=2019-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216045042/https://www.altaakhipress.com/viewart.php?art=22232|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1916|1998}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] aslu7rq8j2xexe615r7lwfpd0vjjfp8 0 238985 1550828 2026-05-26T11:48:23Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valérie Mukasa Muanabute''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa na Kikanda wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo chini ya serikali ya Sylvestre Ilunga Ilunkamba, iliyodumu kuanzia Septemba 2019 hadi Aprili 2021. Pia ni mbunge wa bunge la taifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democratic Republic of Congo announces 65-strong cabinet under Tshisekedi’s administration - Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/democratic-republic-of-congo-announces-65-strong-cabinet-under-tshisekedis-administration/|work=www.politicalanalysis.co.za|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=en-ZA|author=Marina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pzrui8g0z66tm5r0dtdb0z97livqg09 0 238986 1550830 2026-05-26T11:52:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saleh Yousefi''' (Januari 1918 – 25 Juni 1981) alikuwa mshairi na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Wakurd]], aliyewahi kuwa waziri, na mmoja wa wanachama hai na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika chama cha [[Kurdistan Democratic Party (Iraq)|Kurdistan Democratic Party]] nchini [[Iraq]].<ref>[https://kitabat.com/2015/01/22/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A10/ Kitabat], Salih Al-Yousify. January 22, 2015.</ref>...' 1550830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saleh Yousefi''' (Januari 1918 – 25 Juni 1981) alikuwa mshairi na mwanasiasa wa [[Iraki|Iraq]] mwenye asili ya [[Wakurd]], aliyewahi kuwa waziri, na mmoja wa wanachama hai na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika chama cha [[Kurdistan Democratic Party (Iraq)|Kurdistan Democratic Party]] nchini [[Iraq]].<ref>[https://kitabat.com/2015/01/22/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A10/ Kitabat], Salih Al-Yousify. January 22, 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|1981}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] c19s8x9evsqu2rt1tvwi0xhbs2xpekv 0 238987 1550831 2026-05-26T11:53:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samuel J. Loxton''' (alizaliwa [[1857]] huko [[Bristol]]; alifariki [[Februari 5]], [[1922]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha na msanii wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi hasa huko [[Bristol]] na magharibi mwa Uingereza kwa magazeti ya kieneo. Alijulikana kwa vielelezo vyake vya mandhari na matukio ya kihistoria ya eneo la West Country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Loxton's Legacy |url=http://www.buildinghistory.org/bristol/loxton.shtml |accessdate=2011-05-21 |publis...' 1550831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel J. Loxton''' (alizaliwa [[1857]] huko [[Bristol]]; alifariki [[Februari 5]], [[1922]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha na msanii wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi hasa huko [[Bristol]] na magharibi mwa Uingereza kwa magazeti ya kieneo. Alijulikana kwa vielelezo vyake vya mandhari na matukio ya kihistoria ya eneo la West Country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Loxton's Legacy |url=http://www.buildinghistory.org/bristol/loxton.shtml |accessdate=2011-05-21 |publisher=Bristol Past}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1857]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1922]] 708a7lvfwc6uaf52kdk89sbqk79aojc 0 238988 1550832 2026-05-26T11:54:04Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1550832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph N'Singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubwe''' (29 Septemba 1934 – 24 Februari 2021) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kongo]]. Alihudumu kama Kamishna Mkuu wa Kwanza wa Zaire kuanzia tarehe 23 Aprili 1981 hadi 5 Novemba 1982.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA863&dq=Joseph+N'singa+Udjuu+Ongwabeki++1934#q=Joseph+N'singa+Udjuu+Ongwabeki++1934|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|last=Lentz|first=Harris M.|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-26490-2|language=en}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Sheria kuanzia mwaka 1966 hadi 1969. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 3rlst38qe72uqacfabzcgd07jy0rhmm 0 238989 1550834 2026-05-26T11:55:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Manal Yunis''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1929) alikuwa kiongozi wa harakati za wanawake nchini [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi mashuhuri wa chama cha [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region|Ba'ath]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Saddam Hussein]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Noga Efrati|title=Productive or Reproductive? The Roles of Iraqi Women during the Iraq-Iran War|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|date=April 1999|volume=35|issue=2|pages=27–44|jstor...' 1550834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manal Yunis''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1929) alikuwa kiongozi wa harakati za wanawake nchini [[Iraki|Iraq]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi mashuhuri wa chama cha [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region|Ba'ath]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Saddam Hussein]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Noga Efrati|title=Productive or Reproductive? The Roles of Iraqi Women during the Iraq-Iran War|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|date=April 1999|volume=35|issue=2|pages=27–44|jstor=4284002 |doi=10.1080/00263209908701265}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Iraq]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Iraq]] byadwxtytyyej4q1slzncz8zt3ssheb 0 238990 1550835 2026-05-26T11:57:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stephen Lings''' ([[Mei 31]], [[1961]] – [[Machi 30]], [[2024]]) alikuwa msanii wa wanyamapori, [[mchoraji]] picha, [[mwandishi]], na mhifadhi wa [[Uingereza]]. Aliochora kwenye magazeti mengi, majarida na vitabu, ikiwemo baadhi ya vitabu vya kuandamana kama ''The Railway Series''. Kazi zake zilionyesha wanyamapori wa Uingereza na alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa ndege na mamalia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingere...' 1550835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Lings''' ([[Mei 31]], [[1961]] – [[Machi 30]], [[2024]]) alikuwa msanii wa wanyamapori, [[mchoraji]] picha, [[mwandishi]], na mhifadhi wa [[Uingereza]]. Aliochora kwenye magazeti mengi, majarida na vitabu, ikiwemo baadhi ya vitabu vya kuandamana kama ''The Railway Series''. Kazi zake zilionyesha wanyamapori wa Uingereza na alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa ndege na mamalia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] 786hyyaws6g5v5zulklrqndcveqjnmv 1550836 1550835 2026-05-26T11:57:41Z Ally0111 85292 1550836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Lings''' ([[Mei 31]], [[1961]] – [[Machi 30]], [[2024]]) alikuwa msanii wa wanyamapori, [[mchoraji]] picha, [[mwandishi]], na mhifadhi wa [[Uingereza]]. Aliochora kwenye magazeti mengi, majarida na vitabu, ikiwemo baadhi ya vitabu vya kuandamana kama ''The Railway Series''. Kazi zake zilionyesha wanyamapori wa Uingereza na alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa ndege na mamalia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gibbs|first1=Bridget|last2=Lings|first2=Stephen|last3=Gibson|first3=Tony|title=The Usborne Book of Bird Facts.|date=1990|publisher=Usborne|isbn=9780746006191}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|last1=Lings|first1=Stephen|last2=Hunt|first2=David|last3=Braybrooke|first3=Gary|title=The Environmental and Sustainability Handbook: The Green Directory.|date=2013|publisher=Greener Times Publishing Ltd|isbn=9780957528406 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|last1=Awdry|first1=Christopher |last2=Lings|first2=Stephen|title=Thomas and the Hurricane|date=1992|publisher=Egmont Childrens Books|isbn=9780434961337}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] ga8npxpsn4dm7wj7g8g78an6tbcmt6c