Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1756 1569086 1409549 2026-06-09T11:10:17Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kilimanjaro.flac|thumb|Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni jina la Kiswahili linalomaanisha : * [[Mlima Kilimanjaro|Mlima wa Kilimanjaro]] katika [[Tanzania]] ambao ni mlima kubwa kabisa katika bara la [[Afrika]] * [[Hifadhi ya Kilimanjaro]] inayozunguka kilele cha mlima * [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] ni mkoa wa Tanzania katika sehemu ya [[Mlima Kilimanjaro|Mlima wa Kilimanjaro]] * [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi Mjini)]], kata ya [[Moshi Mjini]] * [[Uwanja wa Kimataifa wa Ndege wa Kilimanjaro]] kati ya [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] na [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]] * Jina la bidhaa mbalimbali zilizopewa jina la mlima kama vile bia ya aina ya Kilimanjaro Lager au maji ya kunywea katika Tanzania, karatasi za Kilimanjaro (Marekani), au keki ya Kilimandscharo (Ujerumani) {{maana}} [[Category:Makala zinazotofautisha maana]] ctroxdtpr3heou6ttj9tk0qdjdljpzg 0 1790 1569081 1503876 2026-06-09T10:47:53Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Daressalaam.flac|thumb|Dar Es Salaam]] {{about|[[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam]]}} {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Dar es Salaam |picha_ya_makazi = Dar es salaam Skyline from the sea.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Jiji la Dar es Salaam |picha_ya_bendera = |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Nembo Dar es Salaam.png |ukubwa_ya_nembo = |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania DarEsSalaam location map.svg <!-- Ngazi ya serikali ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]] |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[:Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Tarafa |jina_la_serikali2 = 12 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 102 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Mitaa |jina_la_serikali4 = 565 <!-- Siasa -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = Jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mstahiki Meya |jina_la_kiongozi = Omary S. Kumbilamoto |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Mkurugenzi wa Jiji |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Jumanne K. Shauri |marejeleo_ya_serikali ={{r|DSM}} <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 5383728 |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2022 |marejeo_ya_wakazi ={{r|Sensa_2012|p=74}} |msimbo_posta = 11xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 022 |kanda_muda = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |iso_namba = TZ-02 |tovuti = {{URL|http://www.dcc.go.tz/ |Halmashauri ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam}} |majiranukta = {{coord|6|48|0|S|39|17|0|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} '''Dar es Salaam''' ni [[jiji]] kubwa kuliko yote nchini [[Tanzania]]. Pia ni [[jina]] la [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|mkoa wake]]. Dar es Salaam ni [[mji]] mkongwe na wenye watu wengi zaidi katika [[Jumuia ya Afrika Mashariki]]. Katika Tanzania ndio mji wenye vitega uchumi vingi na ndio mji unaoangaliwa na watu wengi.Dar es Salaam pia ni [[Orodha ya Bandari za Afrika|bandari ya pili kwa ukubwa]] katika [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Ni [[mji mkuu]] wa ki[[biashara]] wa Tanzania wakati [[Dodoma]] ni [[mji mkuu]] wa Tanzania (kinadharia tangu mwaka [[1973]]). Mpango wa kuhamishia [[serikali]] [[mji]]ni Dodoma unaendelea kwa kasi chini ya [[rais]] [[John Magufuli]], japokuwa bado [[ofisi]] kadhaa za [[serikali]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Ikulu]], zipo Dar es Salaam. Mji una wakazi wapatao 5,383,728 kwa [[hesabu]] ya [[sensa]] iliyofanyika katika mwaka wa 2022<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-11-07 |archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107141245/https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Jina == [[Picha:Dar_es_Salaam_(Aerial).jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Picha kutoka angani ya Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam.]]Jina la Dar es Salaam linatoka katika [[Kurani|Kurani]] ambako linamaanisha mahali patulivu au hata paradiso. Surah Al-Anam ([https://quran.com/6:127/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran Korani 6:127]) ina maneno لَهُمْ دَارُ‌ السَّلَامِ عِندَ رَ‌بِّهِمْ ''lahum dāru as-salāmi `inda rabbihim''<ref>[https://www.quran-online.com/quran-phonetic/surah-al-anam-phonetic-6.html Surah Al-Anam phonetic]</ref> yanayomaanisha "Hao watapata nyumba ya salama kwa Mola Mlezi wao."<ref>Tarjuma ya Quran Tukufu kwa Kiswahili [https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/quran/swahili/6.html 6.Suurat An'aam, 127] {{Wayback|url=https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/quran/swahili/6.html |date=20221003080350 }} ya Sheikh Ali Muhsin Al-Barwani</ref> . Jina linafanywa na maneno mawili ya Kiarabu; '''دار''' ''dar'' inayomaanisha "nyumba, jengo, makazi, eneo", "es" ni silabi ya kuunganisha sehemu za jina linalounganishwa na maneno mawili<ref>Hapa imebadilishwa kutoka "el" kuwa "es" kwa sababu ya "S" inayofuata</ref>, '''سلام''' ''salaam'' inamaanisha "amani, raha, usalama". [[File:Panorama of some streets in Dar es Salaam.jpg|thumb|270px|right|Sehemu ya Dar es Salaam.]]Mara nyingi jina limetafsiriwa kama "Bandari ya Amani" lakini hii ni kosa kutokana na kuchanganya maneno ya Kiarabu <big>دار</big> "dar" (nyumba) na <big>بندر</big> "bandar" (bandari) maana kwa matamshi ya Kiswahili tofauti ya tahajia katika Kiarabu haitambuliki. Jina la Daressalaam limetumiwa kwa maumbo tofauti kwa mahali mbalimbali katika mazingira ya Kiislamu, kwa mfano huko [[Brunei Darussalaam]], [[:en:Dar El Salam|Dar El Salam (Misri)]], [[:en:Dar os Salam|Dar os Salam (Iran)]], pia kama majina ya taasisi mbalimbali. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Dar es Salaam}} Katika eneo la jiji hili zamani kulikuwa [[kijiji|vijiji]] kadhaa <ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/dar-kutoka-mji-wa-neema-na-afya-hadi-mji-wa-amani-4779764</ref>. [[Sultani]] [[Seyyid Majid]] wa [[Zanzibar]] aliamua kujenga ikulu ya pili barani kando ya [[Mzizima]] akachagua jina "Dar es Salaam". Hadi leo kuna majengo mawili yaliyobaki ya vyanzo hivi ambayo ni [[Boma la Kale, Dar es Salaam|Boma la Kale]] na [[Nyumba ya Atiman]]. Dar es Salaam ilichaguliwa na [[wakoloni]] [[Ujerumani|Wajerumani]] kuwa [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] kwa sababu ya [[bandari asilia]] yenye mdomo mpana wa [[mto Kurasini]]. Hivyo kuanzia mwaka [[1891]] Dar es Salaam ilichukua nafasi ya [[Bagamoyo]] kama [[makao makuu]] ya [[utawala]]. Bandari pamoja na [[ujenzi]] wa [[reli ya kati]] kwenda [[Kigoma]] tangu mwaka [[1904]] viliimarisha nafasi ya mji ulioendelea kama mji mkuu baada ya [[Tanzania bara]] ya leo kuwa [[eneo lindwa]] la [[Tanganyika]] chini ya [[Uingereza]]. ==Utawala== Utawala wa Dar es Salaam uliona mabadiliko kadhaa ambapo mwanzoni mji ulitawaliwa na halmashauri yake na baadaye serikali ya kitaifa ilichukua utawala mikononi mwake au kuukabidhi kwa tume ya serikali<ref>[https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/faida-hasara-kuvunjwa-jiji-la-dar-es-salaam-3303604 Faida, hasara kuvunjwa Jiji la Dar es Salaam], gazeti a Mwananchi 25.02.2021</ref>. Mwaka 2000 eneo la jiji liligawanywa kwa mamlaka tofauti ambazo mwanzoni zilikuwa nne, ambazo zilikuwa manisipaa za Ilala, Temeke na Kinondoni. Baadaye Ubungo na Kigamboni zilikuwa manisipaa za pekee, kila moja na halmashauri yake. Kwa jiji lote Halmashauri ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam iliundwa. Kwa hiyo hadi 2021 Dar es Salaam ilikuwa na Halmashauri 6. *Halmashauri ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam *Halmashauri ya [[Manispaa ya Ilala]] *Halmashauri ya [[Wilaya ya Kigamboni|Manispaa ya Kigamboni]] *Halmashauri ya [[Manispaa ya Kinondoni]] *Halmashauri ya [[Wilaya ya Temeke|Manispaa ya Temeke]] *Halmashauri ya [[Manispaa ya Ubungo]] Kwenye Februari 2021 Halmashauri ya Dar es Salaam ilivunjwa na serikali, na Ilala ilibadilishwa jina kuwa Dar es Salaam<ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-magufuli-officially-dissolves-dar-es-salaam-city-council--3303208 President Magufuli officially dissolves Dar es Salaam City Council] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-magufuli-officially-dissolves-dar-es-salaam-city-council--3303208 |date=20210225124152 }}, gazeti The Citizen 25.02.2021</ref>. == Wakazi na uchumi == Dar es Salaam inakadiriwa kuwa na wakazi wapatao milioni tatu. Ingawa [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]] inafahamika kama ndio [[mji mkuu]] wa Tanzania, Dar es Salaam ndiko ziliko [[ikulu]], [[balozi|mabalozi]], [[shirika|mashirika]] ya kimataifa, n.k. [[Uwanja wa ndege]] mkuu wa Tanzania uko pia mjini hii ni [[Uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere]]. [[Bandari]] ya Dar es Salaam katika [[bahari ya Hindi]], ndio bandari kubwa nchini Tanzania inayojihusisha na [[usafirishaji]] na [[uingizaji]] wa [[bidhaa]] mbalimbali za [[kilimo]], [[ufugaji]], [[ujenzi]], [[gari|magari]], [[dawa|madawa]], n.k. Kiutawala, Dar es Salaam imegawanywa katika [[manisipaa]] za [[Temeke]], [[Ilala]], [[Kinondoni]], [[Kigamboni]] na [[Ubungo]]. ==Wakazi na uchumi== [[File:Nyerere Bridge - Kigamboni .jpg|thumb|Nyerere Bridge huko Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam, ni [[daraja]] pekee la [[Afrika Mashariki]] lisilo na [[nguzo]] majini.]] Dar es Salaam ni mji unaosemekana kuwa mkubwa kuliko yote kwa sababu ya maendeleo mbalimbali ya viwanda, uwepo wa bahari, uwepo wa sehemu mbalimbali za kihistoria n.k. ==Huduma za jiji== Huduma ya [[maji]] Dar es Salaam imekuwa na [[tatizo]] kubwa katika kudhibiti mfumo wa [[maji taka]] katika mkoa wa Dar es Salaam kwa muda mrefu. Tangu shirika la maji DAWASCO (Dar es Salaam Water Supply Company) lilipowekwa rasmi kama shirika husika katika kuratibu [[utaratibu]] mzima wa [[mfumo wa maji safi]] na maji taka, kumekuwa na nafuu kidogo tu, lakini baada ya muda, liliibuka tatizo la kuibiwa kwa ma[[bomba]] na [[uharibifu]] wa vyanzo mbalimbali vya maji. ==Elimu== Kwenye suala hili la [[elimu]] [[vijana]] wanatakiwa kupewa elimu; hasa vijana wa mitaani wasioingiza kipato inabidi wapewe elimu kwa [[kazi]] fulani ili waweze kuajiriwa na kulipa faida [[taifa]] kwa kuingizia kipato na kukuza [[uchumi]] wa taifa. Mfano wa kazi hizo ni kama [[ujenzi]] wa [[nyumba]] n.k. == Picha == <gallery> {{Wide image|Dar es Salaam Panorama edit2.jpg|3000px|View of Dar es Salaam showing the city center, Posta, and the slums}} Image:DarEsSalaam-SamoraMachelAvenue.jpg|Samora Machel Avenue ikiwa na N.I.C. House Image:DarEsSalaam-Skyline.jpg|Feri ya kuvuka Kigamboni, huku nyumba za jiji zikionekana ng'ambo ya bandari asilia [[File:Dar es Salaam in 1930s.JPG|320x240px|thumbnail|left|Dar es Salaam miaka ya 1930.]] </gallery> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo|refs= <ref name=Sensa_2012>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=Ripoti ya Sensa 2012 |accessdate=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archivedate=2022-03-26 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DSM">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/ |title=Halmashauri ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921095439/http://www.dcc.go.tz/ |archivedate=21 Septemba 2022 |language=sw |url-status=live}}</ref> }} ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya kale ya Waswahili]] == Viungo vya nje == {{commons cat|Dar es Salaam}} * {{en}} [http://jp1.estis.net/includes/file.asp?site=chip&file=12C88AF9-65B0-4C84-B3AD-E2642199873F DAR ES SALAAM CITY PROFILE] {{Wayback|url=http://jp1.estis.net/includes/file.asp?site=chip&file=12C88AF9-65B0-4C84-B3AD-E2642199873F |date=20060518032339 }} * [http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/-/434746/479582/-/view/printVersion/-/bkst8sz/-/index.html Mohamed Said: Mwalimu in 1950s Dar (East African October 12 2008 - inasimulia maisha ya Nyerere Dar es Salaam pamoja na habari nyingi za jiji wakati wa miaka ya 1950)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/-/434746/479582/-/view/printVersion/-/bkst8sz/-/index.html |date=20110315021926 }} * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dar_es_Salaam Dar es Salaam kwenye Wikipedia commons] [[Jamii:Miji ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Dar es Salaam| ]] [[Jamii:miji ya kale ya Waswahili]] fsyeeoy7n59e7vz9l13gdehmhzvq9fd 0 1930 1569091 1118057 2026-06-09T11:22:44Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbeya.flac|thumb|Mbeya]] [[Picha:Mbeya City .jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Muonekano wa mji wa Mbeya]] '''Mbeya''' ni [[jina]] la: * [[Mbeya (mji)|Mji wa Mbeya]] * [[Mkoa wa Mbeya]] katika [[Tanzania]] [[Kusini]]-[[Magharibi]] * [[Wilaya]] za [[Mbeya mjini]] na [[Mbeya Vijijini|vijijini]] * [[Jimbo Kuu la Mbeya]] la [[Kanisa Katoliki]] {{maana}} [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Makala zinazotofautisha maana]] ee6hlk2mdx6jguudguqp2q9jkh05xnd 0 2150 1569096 1520859 2026-06-09T11:32:22Z Idd ninga 30188 1569096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tanga Audio.ogg|thumb|Matamshi ya Neno Tanga]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Tanga <br /> |settlement_type = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |native_name = |picha_ya_satelite = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg |ukubwawapicha = 100px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Nembo ya Tanzania]] |nickname = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Tanzania Tanga location map.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Mahali pa Mkoa wa Tanga katika [[Tanzania]] |coordinates_region = TZ |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name1 = 6 |subdivision_type2 = [[Mji mkuu]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]] |leader_title = Mkuu wa Mkoa |leader_name = Martin Shigela |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 27348 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2022 |population_note = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 2,615,597 |latd=5|latm=0 |lats=|latNS=S |longd=38|longm=15 |longs=|longEW=E |elevation_m = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = http://www.tanga.go.tz/ |footnotes = }} [[Picha: Tanga_aerial_view.JPG|thumbnail|right|280px|Tanga.]] [[Picha:Western Usambara.jpg|thumb|right|Milima ya Usambara Magharibi.]] '''Mkoa wa Tanga''' ni mojawapo ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa 31]] ya [[Tanzania]] uliopo [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] mwa nchi, ukiwa na [[makao makuu]] katika [[jiji]] la [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]]. Mkoa una eneo la [[km²]] 27,348 ambalo linaunganisha sehemu za [[pwani]] pamoja na [[milima]]. Unapakana na [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] upande wa kaskazini-[[magharibi]], [[Mkoa wa Manyara]] upande wa magharibi, [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]] [[kusini]]-magharibi, na [[Mkoa wa Pwani]] upande wa kusini. Kwa upande wa mashariki, mkoa huu unapakana na [[Bahari ya Hindi]], jambo linaloufanya kuwa na fursa nyingi za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] kupitia [[bandari]], [[uvuvi]], na [[utalii]] wa fukwe. Tanga ni miongoni mwa mikoa ya zamani zaidi nchini, ikiwa na [[historia]] tajiri ya [[biashara]] ya [[pwani]] na urithi wa [[Kiswahili]]. Uchumi wa mkoa unategemea [[kilimo]] cha [[mazao]] kama [[mkonge]], biashara, na utalii unaotokana na [[Utalii nchini Tanzania|vivutio]] kama [[Mapango ya Amboni]], [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Saadani]], na [[Milima ya Usambara]]. Mwaka [[2022]] wakazi waliohesabiwa katika [[sensa]] walikuwa 2,615,597 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-11-15 |archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107141245/https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kutoka 2,045,205 wa mwaka 2012<ref name="2012 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2013|title=Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013|date=March 2013|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Dar es Salaam and Office of Chief Government Statistician, President’s Office, Zanzibar|accessdate=2017-08-22}}</ref>. {{coord|5|18|15|S|38|19|3|E|region:TZ_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} == Eneo la mkoa == Tanga ni kati ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa midogo ya Tanzania]] ikiwa na [[msongamano]] mkubwa wa wakazi ndani ya eneo lake, hasa wilaya ya Lushoto kwenye [[ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] nzuri. Eneo linalofaa kwa [[kilimo]] ni km² 17,000. Kuna [[wilaya]] 11 ambazo ni [[Wilaya ya Bumbuli|Bumbuli]], [[Wilaya ya Handeni|Handeni Vijijini]], [[Wilaya ya Handeni Mjini|Handeni Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Kilindi|Kilindi]], [[Wilaya ya Korogwe|Korogwe Vijijini]], [[Wilaya ya Korogwe Mjini|Korogwe Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Lushoto|Lushoto]], [[Wilaya ya Mkinga|Mkinga]], [[Wilaya ya Muheza|Muheza]], [[Wilaya ya Pangani|Pangani]] na [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga Mjini]]. == Hali ya hewa == Kwa jumla [[hali ya hewa]] ni [[joto]] lenye [[unyevu]]. Handeni kuna joto kavu zaidi. Milima ya Usambara hakuna joto sana. Miezi ya [[Desemba]] - [[Machi]] [[halijoto]] huko Tanga inafikia [[sentigredi]] 30-32 [[mchana]] na 26-29 [[usiku]]. Wakati wa [[Mei]] hadi [[Oktoba]] halijota inapoa: ni sentigredi 23-28 mchana na 20-24 usiku. Unyevu iko juu kati ya asilimia 100 na asilimia 65. Maeneo mengi ya mkoa hupokea angalau [[milimita]] 750 za [[mvua]] kwa mwaka au zaidi. Pwani ni zaidi: takriban milimita 1,100 hadi 1,400 ikipungua sehemu za ndani isipokuwa milima ya Usambara ambako mvua inaweza kuzidi milimita 2000 kwa mwaka. == Wakazi == [[Kabila|Makabila]] makubwa mkoani Tanga ni [[Wasambaa]], [[Wazigua]], [[Wabondei]] na [[Wadigo]]. Mengine ni [[Wapare]], [[Wataita]], [[Wambugu]], [[Wasegeju]] na [[Wanago]]. Pia kuna [[Waarabu]] wengiwengi wenye asili ya [[Oman]]. Wasambaa ndio kabila kubwa lililoko katika [[milima ya Usambara]], [[Muheza]], [[Korogwe]] na [[Lushoto]]. Kwa jumla ndio [[asilimia]] 40 ya wakazi wote wa mkoa. Wazigua ni kabila kubwa huko [[Handeni]] na sehemu za Korogwe na [[Pangani]]. Wabondei wako hasa Muheza na sehemu za Pangani. Wadigo ndio wengi Tanga yenyewe na sehemu za pwani. ==Elimu== Katika mkoa huu [[elimu]] inahitaji kuboreshwa zaidi, hasa maeneo ya [[Kijiji|vijijini]], maana [[watu]] wengi wa mkoa huu hufanya shughuli zao za kimila na kushindwa kuendelea na zile za maendeleo katika taifa la Tanzania. == Uchumi == [[File:Black pepper farming.jpg|thumb|right|Mkulima akionyesha pilipili mtama kutoka kwenye shamba lake, Magoroto - Tanga.]] Wakazi wengi hutegemea [[kilimo]] cha riziki pamoja na [[ufugaji]] na [[uvuvi]]. Mazao ya [[chakula]] hasa ni [[mahindi]], [[muhogo]], [[ndizi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[mpunga]]. * [[Mazao ya biashara]] ni [[katani]], [[pamba]], [[kahawa]], [[chai]], [[nazi]], [[tumbaku]] na [[korosho]]. * [[Mifugo]] ni [[ng'ombe]], [[mbuzi]] na [[kondoo]] pamoja na [[kuku]]. * Katani ilikuwa zao la biashara hasa kwa ajili ya Tanga tangu kuingizwa kutoka [[Mexico]] zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. Hulimwa kote mkoani isipokuwa Lushoto, hasa Muheza na Korogwe kwenye mashamba makubwa. Mashamba hayo yalikuwa ya [[walowezi]], yakataifishwa baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu kuanguka kwa [[sekta ya umma]] yamebinafsishwa tena siku hizi. Zao la katani linategemea sana [[soko la dunia]], umuhimu wake ulirudi nyuma tangu [[miaka ya 1960]]. Tanga ilikuwa na [[viwanda]] vingi kiasi katika miaka ya 1960 [[Miaka ya 1970|na 1970]] lakini karibu vyote vimekwama kutokana na [[siasa]] ya [[Ujamaa]] na [[uchumi]] wake ulioiga mfumo wa nchi za [[Usoshalisti|kisoshalisti]]. Viwanda vichache vilivyobaki havizalishi mali kulingana na uwezo wao. Kilichobaki hasa ni kiwanda cha [[saruji]] Tanga. [[Utalii]] umeanza kupanuka kidogo, hasa katika eneo la Pangani, [[Mapango ya Amboni]] na kituo cha [[Makumbusho Urithi Tanga]]. Wilaya ya Handeni kuna machimbo ya [[madini]]. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa [[uchaguzi mkuu]] wa Tanzania mwaka [[2015]] mkoa huu ulikuwa na [[Jimbo la uchaguzi|majimbo ya uchaguzi]] yafuatayo: * Tanga Mjini : mbunge ni [[Ummy Mwalimu]] ([[CCM]]) * Bumbuli : mbunge ni [[January Makamba]] ([[CCM]]) * Mlalo : mbunge ni [[Rashid Abdakkag Shangazi]] ([[CCM]]) * Pangani : mbunge ni [[Jumaa Hamidu Aweso]] ([[CCM]]) * Kilindi : mbunge ni [[Omari Mohamed Kigua]] ([[CCM]]) * Mkinga : mbunge ni [[Dustan Kitandula]] ([[CCM]]) * Handeni Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Mboni Mohamed Mhita]] ([[CCM]]) * Muheza : mbunge ni [[Hamis Mohammed Mwinjuma]] ([[CCM]]) * Korogwe Mjini : mbunge ni [[Pius Kimea]] ([[CCM]]) * Korogwe Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Stephen Hillary Ngonyani]] ([[CCM]]) * Lushoto : mbunge ni * Handeni Mjini : mbunge ni Omary Abdallah Kigoda (CCM) ==Tazama pia== * [[Mkoa wa Tanga (DOA)]] - kuhusu mkoa wa zamani chini ya ukoloni wa Kijerumani * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Tanga]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Tanga]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Tanga.pdf Tanga Region Socio-Economic Profile] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Tanga.pdf |date=20221010015904 }} (PDF) {{Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga}} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|T]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Tanga|*]] ke570ml0g5mrh55cxqm4tfxp00rbav2 1569099 1569096 2026-06-09T11:36:24Z Idd ninga 30188 1569099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tanga Audio.ogg|An audio pronunciation of Tanga City]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Tanga <br /> |settlement_type = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |native_name = |picha_ya_satelite = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg |ukubwawapicha = 100px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Nembo ya Tanzania]] |nickname = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Tanzania Tanga location map.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Mahali pa Mkoa wa Tanga katika [[Tanzania]] |coordinates_region = TZ |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name1 = 6 |subdivision_type2 = [[Mji mkuu]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]] |leader_title = Mkuu wa Mkoa |leader_name = Martin Shigela |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 27348 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2022 |population_note = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 2,615,597 |latd=5|latm=0 |lats=|latNS=S |longd=38|longm=15 |longs=|longEW=E |elevation_m = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = http://www.tanga.go.tz/ |footnotes = }} [[Picha: Tanga_aerial_view.JPG|thumbnail|right|280px|Tanga.]] [[Picha:Western Usambara.jpg|thumb|right|Milima ya Usambara Magharibi.]] '''Mkoa wa Tanga''' ni mojawapo ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa 31]] ya [[Tanzania]] uliopo [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] mwa nchi, ukiwa na [[makao makuu]] katika [[jiji]] la [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]]. Mkoa una eneo la [[km²]] 27,348 ambalo linaunganisha sehemu za [[pwani]] pamoja na [[milima]]. Unapakana na [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] upande wa kaskazini-[[magharibi]], [[Mkoa wa Manyara]] upande wa magharibi, [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]] [[kusini]]-magharibi, na [[Mkoa wa Pwani]] upande wa kusini. Kwa upande wa mashariki, mkoa huu unapakana na [[Bahari ya Hindi]], jambo linaloufanya kuwa na fursa nyingi za [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] kupitia [[bandari]], [[uvuvi]], na [[utalii]] wa fukwe. Tanga ni miongoni mwa mikoa ya zamani zaidi nchini, ikiwa na [[historia]] tajiri ya [[biashara]] ya [[pwani]] na urithi wa [[Kiswahili]]. Uchumi wa mkoa unategemea [[kilimo]] cha [[mazao]] kama [[mkonge]], biashara, na utalii unaotokana na [[Utalii nchini Tanzania|vivutio]] kama [[Mapango ya Amboni]], [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Saadani]], na [[Milima ya Usambara]]. Mwaka [[2022]] wakazi waliohesabiwa katika [[sensa]] walikuwa 2,615,597 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-11-15 |archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107141245/https://assengaonline.com/2022/11/05/matokeo-ya-sensa-2022-tanzania/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kutoka 2,045,205 wa mwaka 2012<ref name="2012 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2013|title=Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013|date=March 2013|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Dar es Salaam and Office of Chief Government Statistician, President’s Office, Zanzibar|accessdate=2017-08-22}}</ref>. {{coord|5|18|15|S|38|19|3|E|region:TZ_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} == Eneo la mkoa == Tanga ni kati ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa midogo ya Tanzania]] ikiwa na [[msongamano]] mkubwa wa wakazi ndani ya eneo lake, hasa wilaya ya Lushoto kwenye [[ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] nzuri. Eneo linalofaa kwa [[kilimo]] ni km² 17,000. Kuna [[wilaya]] 11 ambazo ni [[Wilaya ya Bumbuli|Bumbuli]], [[Wilaya ya Handeni|Handeni Vijijini]], [[Wilaya ya Handeni Mjini|Handeni Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Kilindi|Kilindi]], [[Wilaya ya Korogwe|Korogwe Vijijini]], [[Wilaya ya Korogwe Mjini|Korogwe Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Lushoto|Lushoto]], [[Wilaya ya Mkinga|Mkinga]], [[Wilaya ya Muheza|Muheza]], [[Wilaya ya Pangani|Pangani]] na [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga Mjini]]. == Hali ya hewa == Kwa jumla [[hali ya hewa]] ni [[joto]] lenye [[unyevu]]. Handeni kuna joto kavu zaidi. Milima ya Usambara hakuna joto sana. Miezi ya [[Desemba]] - [[Machi]] [[halijoto]] huko Tanga inafikia [[sentigredi]] 30-32 [[mchana]] na 26-29 [[usiku]]. Wakati wa [[Mei]] hadi [[Oktoba]] halijota inapoa: ni sentigredi 23-28 mchana na 20-24 usiku. Unyevu iko juu kati ya asilimia 100 na asilimia 65. Maeneo mengi ya mkoa hupokea angalau [[milimita]] 750 za [[mvua]] kwa mwaka au zaidi. Pwani ni zaidi: takriban milimita 1,100 hadi 1,400 ikipungua sehemu za ndani isipokuwa milima ya Usambara ambako mvua inaweza kuzidi milimita 2000 kwa mwaka. == Wakazi == [[Kabila|Makabila]] makubwa mkoani Tanga ni [[Wasambaa]], [[Wazigua]], [[Wabondei]] na [[Wadigo]]. Mengine ni [[Wapare]], [[Wataita]], [[Wambugu]], [[Wasegeju]] na [[Wanago]]. Pia kuna [[Waarabu]] wengiwengi wenye asili ya [[Oman]]. Wasambaa ndio kabila kubwa lililoko katika [[milima ya Usambara]], [[Muheza]], [[Korogwe]] na [[Lushoto]]. Kwa jumla ndio [[asilimia]] 40 ya wakazi wote wa mkoa. Wazigua ni kabila kubwa huko [[Handeni]] na sehemu za Korogwe na [[Pangani]]. Wabondei wako hasa Muheza na sehemu za Pangani. Wadigo ndio wengi Tanga yenyewe na sehemu za pwani. ==Elimu== Katika mkoa huu [[elimu]] inahitaji kuboreshwa zaidi, hasa maeneo ya [[Kijiji|vijijini]], maana [[watu]] wengi wa mkoa huu hufanya shughuli zao za kimila na kushindwa kuendelea na zile za maendeleo katika taifa la Tanzania. == Uchumi == [[File:Black pepper farming.jpg|thumb|right|Mkulima akionyesha pilipili mtama kutoka kwenye shamba lake, Magoroto - Tanga.]] Wakazi wengi hutegemea [[kilimo]] cha riziki pamoja na [[ufugaji]] na [[uvuvi]]. Mazao ya [[chakula]] hasa ni [[mahindi]], [[muhogo]], [[ndizi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[mpunga]]. * [[Mazao ya biashara]] ni [[katani]], [[pamba]], [[kahawa]], [[chai]], [[nazi]], [[tumbaku]] na [[korosho]]. * [[Mifugo]] ni [[ng'ombe]], [[mbuzi]] na [[kondoo]] pamoja na [[kuku]]. * Katani ilikuwa zao la biashara hasa kwa ajili ya Tanga tangu kuingizwa kutoka [[Mexico]] zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. Hulimwa kote mkoani isipokuwa Lushoto, hasa Muheza na Korogwe kwenye mashamba makubwa. Mashamba hayo yalikuwa ya [[walowezi]], yakataifishwa baada ya [[uhuru]]. Tangu kuanguka kwa [[sekta ya umma]] yamebinafsishwa tena siku hizi. Zao la katani linategemea sana [[soko la dunia]], umuhimu wake ulirudi nyuma tangu [[miaka ya 1960]]. Tanga ilikuwa na [[viwanda]] vingi kiasi katika miaka ya 1960 [[Miaka ya 1970|na 1970]] lakini karibu vyote vimekwama kutokana na [[siasa]] ya [[Ujamaa]] na [[uchumi]] wake ulioiga mfumo wa nchi za [[Usoshalisti|kisoshalisti]]. Viwanda vichache vilivyobaki havizalishi mali kulingana na uwezo wao. Kilichobaki hasa ni kiwanda cha [[saruji]] Tanga. [[Utalii]] umeanza kupanuka kidogo, hasa katika eneo la Pangani, [[Mapango ya Amboni]] na kituo cha [[Makumbusho Urithi Tanga]]. Wilaya ya Handeni kuna machimbo ya [[madini]]. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa [[uchaguzi mkuu]] wa Tanzania mwaka [[2015]] mkoa huu ulikuwa na [[Jimbo la uchaguzi|majimbo ya uchaguzi]] yafuatayo: * Tanga Mjini : mbunge ni [[Ummy Mwalimu]] ([[CCM]]) * Bumbuli : mbunge ni [[January Makamba]] ([[CCM]]) * Mlalo : mbunge ni [[Rashid Abdakkag Shangazi]] ([[CCM]]) * Pangani : mbunge ni [[Jumaa Hamidu Aweso]] ([[CCM]]) * Kilindi : mbunge ni [[Omari Mohamed Kigua]] ([[CCM]]) * Mkinga : mbunge ni [[Dustan Kitandula]] ([[CCM]]) * Handeni Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Mboni Mohamed Mhita]] ([[CCM]]) * Muheza : mbunge ni [[Hamis Mohammed Mwinjuma]] ([[CCM]]) * Korogwe Mjini : mbunge ni [[Pius Kimea]] ([[CCM]]) * Korogwe Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Stephen Hillary Ngonyani]] ([[CCM]]) * Lushoto : mbunge ni * Handeni Mjini : mbunge ni Omary Abdallah Kigoda (CCM) ==Tazama pia== * [[Mkoa wa Tanga (DOA)]] - kuhusu mkoa wa zamani chini ya ukoloni wa Kijerumani * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Tanga]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Tanga]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Tanga.pdf Tanga Region Socio-Economic Profile] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Tanga.pdf |date=20221010015904 }} (PDF) {{Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga}} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|T]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Tanga|*]] nxa1lpv0di0tng0dn3pjogbl3vcazwl 0 2673 1568970 1268745 2026-06-08T17:24:05Z AlwiyaGhareeb 83622 AWC 2026 1568970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Rogaland hav.jpg|thumb|300px|Bahari na visiwa.]] Bahari ni eneo kubwa lenye [[maji ya chumvi]]. Katika [[Kiswahili]] cha kila [[siku]] [[neno]] hili hutumiwa pia kwa kutaja magimba madogo zaidi ya [[maji]] kama vile [[ziwa]]. Kwa maana ya ki[[jiografia]] bahari hasa ni [[bahari kuu|bahari kuu ya dunia]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''ocean'') yaani maeneo makubwa ya maji ya [[chumvi]] ambayo ni kama [[gimba]] moja. Bahari kuu ya [[dunia]] inafunika [[asilimia]] 71 za uso wa dunia. Katika matumizi ya kawaida, neno "bahari" humaanisha pia eneo la pekee ambalo ni sehemu ya bahari kuu inayogawiwa na [[bara|mabara]] katika pande [[tatu]] kubwa: * [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]], * [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] na * [[Bahari Hindi]]. [[Wataalamu]] mara nyingi huhesabu maeneo karibu na [[ncha ya kaskazini]] na [[ncha ya kusini]] ya dunia kama bahari kubwa ya [[nne]] na ya [[tano]] yaani * [[Bahari ya Aktika]] na * [[Bahari ya Antaktika]]. Tena neno "bahari" linatumika pia kwa maeneo ambayo ni [[bahari ya pembeni|bahari za pembeni]] za bahari tatu kubwa kama vile [[Mediteranea]], [[Baltiki]]. Bahari ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na [[hali ya hewa]] duniani. Bahari zinashika asilimia 96.5 za maji yote ya dunia. Maji ya bahari yana takriban asilimia 3.5 za chumvi ndani yake. Kiwango hiki hutofautiana kidogo katika sehemu mbalimbali: kutokana na [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa penye [[joto]] kwa matumizi ya [[binadamu]] hata kwa matumizi ya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] wa nchi kavu haifai. Lakini bahari pia ni chanzo cha [[mvua]] kwa sababu [[mawingu]] hutokea hasa juu ya bahari. Katika mwendo wa uvukizaji, chumvi inabaki na [[mvuke]] unapaa bila chumvi ndani yake kuwa mawingu na kurudi katika mwendo wa [[usimbishaji]]. Usimbishaji unaleta maji yanayojaza [[mito]] na maziwa hata [[akiba]] za maji chini ya [[ardhi]]. Tangu zamani bahari ni njia kuu za [[mawasiliano]] ya kimataifa. Hadi leo asilimia 92 ya [[mizigo]] yote hubebwa kwa [[meli]] baharini kati ya [[bandari]]. == Sehemu za Bahari == [[Bahari]] imegawanyika katika sehemu kadhaa; * Ufukoni (Littoral zone) - Sehemu ya karibu na [[pwani]] ambako maji ni ya kina kifupi. Hapa ndipo [[mawimbi]] na mikondo huathiri sana [[mazingira]]. * Bahari ya pembeni (Marginal sea) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyozungukwa na [[visiwa]] au [[Rasi (jiografia)|rasi]] lakini bado imefunguliwa kwa bahari kuu. Mfano ni [[Bahari ya Arabia]] na [[Bahari ya China Kusini]]. * Ghuba (Gulf/Bay) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyoingia ndani ya [[bara]], kwa mfano [[Ghuba ya Mexico]]. * Rasi (Strait) - Mkondo mwembamba wa [[maji]] unaounganisha bahari mbili kubwa. Maneno yatakayokuwa ya bluu: Bahari, pwani, mawimbi, mazingira, visiwa, Rasi (jiografia), Bahari ya Arabia, Bahari ya China Kusini, bara, Ghuba ya Mexico. == Umuhimu wa Bahari == [[Bahari]] ina umuhimu mkubwa kwa [[binadamu]] katika nyanja mbalimbali; * Uchukuzi na Biashara:Tangu zamani, bahari zimetumika kama njia kuu za [[biashara]] kati ya [[mabara]]. Hadi leo, takriban asilimia 90 ya biashara ya [[kimataifa]] inafanywa kwa [[meli]] baharini. [[Bandari]] kubwa duniani kama [[Rotterdam]], [[Shanghai]], na [[Singapore]] hushughulikia mamia ya maelfu ya meli kila mwaka. * Chakula:[[Bahari]] hutoa takriban asilimia 20 ya [[protini]] ya [[wanyama]] inayoliwa na binadamu duniani. [[Uvuvi]] wa [[samaki]], [[kamba]], na wanyama wengine wa baharini ni chanzo cha riziki kwa mamilioni ya watu, hasa katika [[nchi]] zinazozunguka bahari. * Nishati na Madini:Katika sakafu ya bahari kuna rasilimali nyingi za [[madini]] na [[nishati]]. [[Mafuta ya petroliamu]] na [[gesi asilia]] huchimbwa kutoka chini ya bahari katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. * Utalii na Burudani:[[Fukwe]] za bahari huvutia [[watalii]] wengi kila mwaka. Shughuli kama [[kuogelea]], kupiga [[mbizi]], kuteleza kwa [[maji]], na kutazama wanyama wa baharini (kama [[pomboo]] na [[nyangumi]]) hutoa ajira kwa watu wengi na kuchangia [[uchumi]] wa nchi nyingi. Maneno yatakayokuwa ya bluu: Bahari, binadamu, biashara, mabara, kimataifa, meli, Bandari, Rotterdam, Shanghai, Singapore, protini, wanyama, uvuvi, samaki, kamba, nchi, madini, nishati, Mafuta ya petroliamu, gesi asilia, Fukwe, watalii, kuogelea, mbizi, maji, pomboo, nyangumi. == Tishio kwa Bahari == Licha ya umuhimu wake, [[bahari]] inakabiliwa na vitisho vikubwa kutokana na shughuli za [[binadamu]]: * Uchafuzi wa plastiki - Zaidi ya [[tani]] milioni 8 za [[plastiki]] huingia baharini kila mwaka. Plastiki hizi hudhuru [[wanyama]] wa baharini wanaozimeza kwa makosa au kunaswa ndani yake. * Uchafuzi wa kemikali '''- [[Kemikali]] kutoka [[viwandani]] na [[kilimo]] huingia baharini kupitia [[mito]], na hivyo kusababisha ukanda wa mauti (dead zones) ambapo hakuna uhai.''' * Uvunaji wa samaki kupita kiasi '''- [[Uvuvi]] wa haramu na usio na mpango unasababisha idadi ya [[samaki]] kupungua kwa hatari.''' * Mabadiliko ya tabianchi '''- Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la [[dunia]] kunasababisha bahari kupanda (kutokana na kuyeyuka kwa [[barafu]]) na kuongeza asidi ya bahari (ocean acidification) inayoharibu [[matumbawe]] na viumbe wenye makombora.''' == Athari za Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi kwa Bahari == [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayoletwa na shughuli za [[binadamu]] yanayoathiri [[bahari]] kwa njia nyingi. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Viwanda, [[bahari]] imefyonza karibu asilimia 90 ya joto la ziada linalosababishwa na [[gesi chafuzi]]. * Kupanda kwa Joto la Bahari: [[Joto]] la [[bahari]] limekuwa likiongezeka kwa kasi. Kiwango cha ongezeko la joto [[bahari]] kimiongezeka mara mbili tangu mwaka 1993 ikilinganishwa na miaka 25 iliyopita. [[Bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]] na [[Bahari Hindi]] zimeathirika zaidi. * Kupanda kwa Kiwango cha Bahari : Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la dunia kunasababisha [[barafu]] kuyeyuka katika ncha za [[Aktiki]] na [[Antaktika]]. Hii inachangia [[kupanda kwa kina cha bahari]] ambako kunatishia maisha ya zaidi ya watu milioni 680 wanaoishi katika maeneo ya chini ya mita 10 juu ya usawa wa [[bahari]]. [[Barafu]] ya [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], [[Andes]] na [[Himalaya]] nayo inapotea kwa kasi. * Kuongezeka kwa Asidi Baharini : [[Bahari]] imefyonza karibu theluthi moja ya [[kaboni dioksidi]] inayotolewa na [[binadamu]]. Hii imesababisha kuongezeka kwa asidi ya [[bahari]] kwa asilimia 30 katika karnee mbili zilizopita. Asidi hii inawadhuru viumbe wenye makombora kama [[matumbawe]], kome, na plankton ambao ni msingi wa mnyororo wa chakula baharini. == Uchafuzi wa Bahari == Shughuli za [[binadamu]] zinasababisha uchafuzi mkubwa wa [[bahari]]. Takriban asilimia 66 ya mazingira ya [[bahari]] yameathirika na shughuli za binadamu. == Tazama zaidi == [[Mikondo ya bahari]] [[Matumbawe]] [[Uvuvi]] [[Mikondo ya bahari]] == viunga vya nje == [https://www.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)] - Taasisi ya Marekani inayosimamia bahari [https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/ Ocean Explorer] - Utafiti wa bahari kutoka NOAA {{Bahari za Dunia}} {{mbegu-jio}} {{wiktionary}} [[Jamii:Bahari]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] lp07eikgu20733n38muyhttp414z72b 1569012 1568970 2026-06-09T08:34:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Rogaland hav.jpg|thumb|300px|Bahari na visiwa.]] '''Bahari''' ni eneo kubwa lenye [[maji ya chumvi]]. Katika [[Kiswahili]] cha kila [[siku]] [[neno]] hili hutumiwa pia kwa kutaja [[gimba|magimba]] madogo zaidi ya [[maji]] kama vile [[ziwa]]. Kwa maana ya ki[[jiografia]] bahari hasa ni [[bahari kuu|bahari kuu ya dunia]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''ocean'') yaani maeneo makubwa ya [[maji ya chumvi]] ambayo ni kama gimba moja. Bahari kuu inafunika [[asilimia]] 71 za uso wa [[dunia]]. Katika matumizi ya kawaida, neno "bahari" humaanisha pia eneo la pekee ambalo ni sehemu ya bahari kuu inayogawiwa na [[bara|mabara]] katika pande [[tatu]] kubwa: * [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]], * [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] na * [[Bahari Hindi]]. [[Wataalamu]] mara nyingi huhesabu maeneo karibu na [[ncha ya kaskazini]] na [[ncha ya kusini]] ya dunia kama bahari kubwa ya [[nne]] na ya [[tano]] yaani * [[Bahari ya Aktika]] na * [[Bahari ya Antaktika]]. Tena neno "bahari" linatumika pia kwa maeneo ambayo ni [[bahari ya pembeni|bahari za pembeni]] za bahari tatu kubwa kama vile [[Mediteranea]], [[Baltiki]]. Bahari ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na [[hali ya hewa]] duniani. Bahari zinashika asilimia 96.5 za maji yote ya dunia. Maji ya bahari yana takriban asilimia 3.5 za chumvi ndani yake. Kiwango hiki hutofautiana kidogo katika sehemu mbalimbali: kutokana na [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa penye [[joto]] kwa matumizi ya [[binadamu]] hata kwa matumizi ya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] wa nchi kavu haifai. Lakini bahari pia ni chanzo cha [[mvua]] kwa sababu [[mawingu]] hutokea hasa juu ya bahari. Katika mwendo wa uvukizaji, chumvi inabaki na [[mvuke]] unapaa bila chumvi ndani yake kuwa mawingu na kurudi katika mwendo wa [[usimbishaji]]. Usimbishaji unaleta maji yanayojaza [[mito]] na maziwa hata [[akiba]] za maji chini ya [[ardhi]]. Tangu zamani bahari ni njia kuu za [[mawasiliano]] ya kimataifa. Hadi leo asilimia 92 ya [[mizigo]] yote hubebwa kwa [[meli]] baharini kati ya [[bandari]]. == Sehemu za Bahari == [[Bahari]] imegawanyika katika sehemu kadhaa: * Ufukoni (Littoral zone) - Sehemu ya karibu na [[pwani]] ambako maji ni ya kina kifupi. Hapa ndipo [[mawimbi]] na mikondo huathiri sana [[mazingira]]. * Bahari ya pembeni (Marginal sea) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyozungukwa na [[visiwa]] au [[Rasi (jiografia)|rasi]] lakini bado imefunguliwa kwa bahari kuu. Mifano ni [[Bahari ya Arabia]] na [[Bahari ya China Kusini]]. * [[Ghuba]] (Gulf/Bay) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyoingia ndani ya [[bara]], kwa mfano [[Ghuba ya Mexico]]. * [[Mlango wa bahari|Mlangobahari]] (Strait) - Mkondo mwembamba wa [[maji]] unaounganisha bahari mbili kubwa. == Umuhimu wa Bahari == [[Bahari]] ina umuhimu mkubwa kwa [[binadamu]] katika nyanja mbalimbali: * Uchukuzi na [[biashara]]: Tangu zamani, bahari zimetumika kama njia kuu za biashara kati ya [[mabara]]. Hadi leo, takriban asilimia 90 ya biashara ya [[kimataifa]] inafanywa kwa [[meli]] baharini. [[Bandari]] kubwa duniani kama [[Rotterdam]], [[Shanghai]], na [[Singapore]] hushughulikia mamia ya maelfu ya meli kila mwaka. * [[Chakula]]: Bahari hutoa takriban asilimia 20 ya [[protini]] ya [[wanyama]] inayoliwa na binadamu duniani. [[Uvuvi]] wa [[samaki]], [[kamba]], na wanyama wengine wa baharini ni chanzo cha riziki kwa mamilioni ya watu, hasa katika [[nchi]] zinazozunguka bahari. * Nishati na madini: Katika sakafu ya bahari kuna rasilimali nyingi za [[madini]] na [[nishati]]. [[Mafuta ya petroliamu]] na [[gesi asilia]] huchimbwa kutoka chini ya bahari katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. * Utalii na burudani: [[Fukwe]] za bahari huvutia [[watalii]] wengi kila mwaka. Shughuli kama [[kuogelea]], kupiga [[mbizi]], kuteleza kwa [[maji]], na kutazama wanyama wa baharini (kama [[pomboo]] na [[nyangumi]]) hutoa ajira kwa watu wengi na kuchangia [[uchumi]] wa nchi nyingi. == Tishio kwa Bahari == Licha ya umuhimu wake, bahari inakabiliwa na vitisho vikubwa kutokana na shughuli za [[binadamu]]: * Uchafuzi wa plastiki - Zaidi ya [[tani]] milioni 8 za [[plastiki]] huingia baharini kila mwaka. Plastiki hizi hudhuru [[wanyama]] wa baharini wanaozimeza kwa makosa au kunaswa ndani yake. * Uchafuzi wa kemikali - [[Kemikali]] kutoka [[viwandani]] na [[kilimo]] huingia baharini kupitia [[mito]], na hivyo kusababisha ukanda wa mauti (dead zones) ambapo hakuna uhai. * Uvunaji wa samaki kupita kiasi - [[Uvuvi]] wa haramu na usio na mpango unasababisha idadi ya [[samaki]] kupungua kwa hatari. * Mabadiliko ya tabianchi - Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la [[dunia]] kunasababisha bahari kupanda (kutokana na kuyeyuka kwa [[barafu]]) na kuongeza asidi ya bahari (ocean acidification) inayoharibu [[matumbawe]] na viumbe wenye makombora. == Athari za Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi kwa Bahari == [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayoletwa na shughuli za [[binadamu]] yanayoathiri bahari kwa njia nyingi. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Viwanda, bahari imefyonza karibu asilimia 90 ya joto la ziada linalosababishwa na [[gesi chafuzi]]. * Kupanda kwa Joto la Bahari: [[Joto]] la bahari limekuwa likiongezeka kwa kasi. Kiwango cha ongezeko la joto bahari kimiongezeka mara mbili tangu mwaka 1993 ikilinganishwa na miaka 25 iliyopita. [[Bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]] na [[Bahari Hindi]] zimeathirika zaidi. * Kupanda kwa Kiwango cha Bahari: Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la dunia kunasababisha [[barafu]] kuyeyuka katika ncha za [[Aktiki]] na [[Antaktika]]. Hii inachangia [[kupanda kwa kina cha bahari]] ambako kunatishia maisha ya zaidi ya watu milioni 680 wanaoishi katika maeneo ya chini ya mita 10 juu ya usawa wa bahari. [[Barafu]] ya [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], [[Andes]] na [[Himalaya]] nayo inapotea kwa kasi. * Kuongezeka kwa Asidi Baharini: Bahari imefyonza karibu theluthi moja ya [[kaboni dioksidi]] inayotolewa na [[binadamu]]. Hii imesababisha kuongezeka kwa asidi ya bahari kwa asilimia 30 katika karnee mbili zilizopita. Asidi hii inawadhuru viumbe wenye makombora kama [[matumbawe]], kome, na plankton ambao ni msingi wa mnyororo wa chakula baharini. == Uchafuzi wa Bahari == Shughuli za [[binadamu]] zinasababisha uchafuzi mkubwa wa [[bahari]]. Takriban asilimia 66 ya mazingira ya bahari yameathirika na shughuli za binadamu. == Tazama zaidi == *[[Mikondo ya bahari]] == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)] - Taasisi ya Marekani inayosimamia bahari * [https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/ Ocean Explorer] - Utafiti wa bahari kutoka NOAA {{Bahari za Dunia}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} {{wiktionary}} [[Jamii:Bahari]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] ebqoyijtjgvu2xipq8r5ax15n0xovk1 1569013 1569012 2026-06-09T08:37:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569013 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Rogaland hav.jpg|thumb|300px|Bahari na visiwa.]] '''Bahari''' ni eneo kubwa lenye [[maji ya chumvi]]. Katika [[Kiswahili]] cha kila [[siku]] [[neno]] hili hutumiwa pia kwa kutaja [[gimba|magimba]] madogo zaidi ya [[maji]] kama vile [[ziwa]]. Kwa maana ya ki[[jiografia]] bahari hasa ni [[bahari kuu|bahari kuu ya dunia]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''ocean'') yaani maeneo makubwa ya [[maji ya chumvi]] ambayo ni kama gimba moja. Bahari kuu inafunika [[asilimia]] 71 za uso wa [[dunia]]. Katika matumizi ya kawaida, neno "bahari" humaanisha pia eneo la pekee ambalo ni sehemu ya bahari kuu inayogawiwa na [[bara|mabara]] katika pande [[tatu]] kubwa: * [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]], * [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] na * [[Bahari Hindi]]. [[Wataalamu]] mara nyingi huhesabu maeneo karibu na [[ncha ya kaskazini]] na [[ncha ya kusini]] ya dunia kama bahari kubwa ya [[nne]] na ya [[tano]] yaani * [[Bahari ya Aktika]] na * [[Bahari ya Antaktika]]. Tena neno "bahari" linatumika pia kwa maeneo ambayo ni [[bahari ya pembeni|bahari za pembeni]] za bahari tatu kubwa kama vile [[Mediteranea]], [[Baltiki]]. Bahari ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na [[hali ya hewa]] duniani. Bahari zinashika asilimia 96.5 za maji yote ya dunia. Maji ya bahari yana takriban asilimia 3.5 za chumvi ndani yake. Kiwango hiki hutofautiana kidogo katika sehemu mbalimbali: kutokana na [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa penye [[joto]] kwa matumizi ya [[binadamu]] hata kwa matumizi ya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] wa nchi kavu haifai. Lakini bahari pia ni chanzo cha [[mvua]] kwa sababu [[mawingu]] hutokea hasa juu ya bahari. Katika mwendo wa uvukizaji, chumvi inabaki na [[mvuke]] unapaa bila chumvi ndani yake kuwa mawingu na kurudi katika mwendo wa [[usimbishaji]]. Usimbishaji unaleta maji yanayojaza [[mito]] na maziwa hata [[akiba]] za maji chini ya [[ardhi]]. Tangu zamani bahari ni njia kuu za [[mawasiliano]] ya kimataifa. Hadi leo asilimia 92 ya [[mizigo]] yote hubebwa kwa [[meli]] baharini kati ya [[bandari]]. == Sehemu za Bahari == Bahari imegawanyika katika sehemu kadhaa: * Ufukoni (Littoral zone) - Sehemu ya karibu na [[pwani]] ambako maji ni ya kina kifupi. Hapa ndipo [[mawimbi]] na mikondo huathiri sana [[mazingira]]. * Bahari ya pembeni (Marginal sea) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyozungukwa na [[visiwa]] au [[Rasi (jiografia)|rasi]] lakini bado imefunguliwa kwa bahari kuu. Mifano ni [[Bahari ya Kiarabu]] na [[Bahari ya China Kusini]]. * [[Ghuba]] (Gulf/Bay) - Sehemu ya bahari iliyoingia ndani ya [[bara]], kwa mfano [[Ghuba ya Mexico]]. * [[Mlango wa bahari|Mlangobahari]] (Strait) - Mkondo mwembamba wa [[maji]] unaounganisha bahari mbili kubwa. == Umuhimu wa Bahari == Bahari ina umuhimu mkubwa kwa [[binadamu]] katika nyanja mbalimbali: * Uchukuzi na [[biashara]]: Tangu zamani, bahari zimetumika kama njia kuu za biashara kati ya [[mabara]]. Hadi leo, takriban asilimia 90 ya biashara ya [[kimataifa]] inafanywa kwa [[meli]] baharini. [[Bandari]] kubwa duniani kama [[Rotterdam]], [[Shanghai]], na [[Singapore]] hushughulikia mamia ya maelfu ya meli kila mwaka. * [[Chakula]]: Bahari hutoa takriban asilimia 20 ya [[protini]] ya [[wanyama]] inayoliwa na binadamu duniani. [[Uvuvi]] wa [[samaki]], [[kamba]], na wanyama wengine wa baharini ni chanzo cha riziki kwa mamilioni ya watu, hasa katika [[nchi]] zinazozunguka bahari. * Nishati na madini: Katika sakafu ya bahari kuna rasilimali nyingi za [[madini]] na [[nishati]]. [[Mafuta ya petroliamu]] na [[gesi asilia]] huchimbwa kutoka chini ya bahari katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. * Utalii na burudani: [[Fukwe]] za bahari huvutia [[watalii]] wengi kila mwaka. Shughuli kama [[kuogelea]], kupiga [[mbizi]], kuteleza kwa [[maji]], na kutazama wanyama wa baharini (kama [[pomboo]] na [[nyangumi]]) hutoa ajira kwa watu wengi na kuchangia [[uchumi]] wa nchi nyingi. == Tishio kwa Bahari == Licha ya umuhimu wake, bahari inakabiliwa na vitisho vikubwa kutokana na shughuli za [[binadamu]]: * Uchafuzi wa plastiki - Zaidi ya [[tani]] milioni 8 za [[plastiki]] huingia baharini kila mwaka. Plastiki hizi hudhuru [[wanyama]] wa baharini wanaozimeza kwa makosa au kunaswa ndani yake. * Uchafuzi wa kemikali - [[Kemikali]] kutoka [[viwandani]] na [[kilimo]] huingia baharini kupitia [[mito]], na hivyo kusababisha ukanda wa mauti (dead zones) ambapo hakuna uhai. * Uvunaji wa samaki kupita kiasi - [[Uvuvi]] wa haramu na usio na mpango unasababisha idadi ya [[samaki]] kupungua kwa hatari. * Mabadiliko ya tabianchi - Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la [[dunia]] kunasababisha bahari kupanda (kutokana na kuyeyuka kwa [[barafu]]) na kuongeza asidi ya bahari (ocean acidification) inayoharibu [[matumbawe]] na viumbe wenye makombora. == Athari za Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi kwa Bahari == [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayoletwa na shughuli za [[binadamu]] yanayoathiri bahari kwa njia nyingi. Tangu Mapinduzi ya Viwanda, bahari imefyonza karibu asilimia 90 ya joto la ziada linalosababishwa na [[gesi chafuzi]]. * Kupanda kwa Joto la Bahari: [[Joto]] la bahari limekuwa likiongezeka kwa kasi. Kiwango cha ongezeko la joto bahari kimiongezeka mara mbili tangu mwaka 1993 ikilinganishwa na miaka 25 iliyopita. [[Bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]] na [[Bahari Hindi]] zimeathirika zaidi. * Kupanda kwa Kiwango cha Bahari: Kupanda kwa [[joto]] la dunia kunasababisha [[barafu]] kuyeyuka katika ncha za [[Aktiki]] na [[Antaktika]]. Hii inachangia [[kupanda kwa kina cha bahari]] ambako kunatishia maisha ya zaidi ya watu milioni 680 wanaoishi katika maeneo ya chini ya mita 10 juu ya usawa wa bahari. [[Barafu]] ya [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], [[Andes]] na [[Himalaya]] nayo inapotea kwa kasi. * Kuongezeka kwa Asidi Baharini: Bahari imefyonza karibu theluthi moja ya [[kaboni dioksidi]] inayotolewa na [[binadamu]]. Hii imesababisha kuongezeka kwa asidi ya bahari kwa asilimia 30 katika karnee mbili zilizopita. Asidi hii inawadhuru viumbe wenye makombora kama [[matumbawe]], kome, na plankton ambao ni msingi wa mnyororo wa chakula baharini. == Uchafuzi wa Bahari == Shughuli za [[binadamu]] zinasababisha uchafuzi mkubwa wa bahari. Takriban asilimia 66 ya mazingira ya bahari yameathirika na shughuli za binadamu. == Tazama zaidi == *[[Mikondo ya bahari]] == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)] - Taasisi ya Marekani inayosimamia bahari * [https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/ Ocean Explorer] - Utafiti wa bahari kutoka NOAA {{Bahari za Dunia}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} {{wiktionary}} [[Jamii:Bahari]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] 6vowo1aqg4sakczqfkgg0w5wfisv6eq 0 3027 1568949 1566662 2026-06-08T14:04:06Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 1568949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Tukuyu |picha_ya_satelite = Tukuyu.jpg |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Tukuyu katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[:Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Rungwe|Rungwe]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |latd=9 |latm=15 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=33 |longm=38 |longs=24 |longEW=E |website = }} '''Tukuyu'''{{Audio-IPA|SW-Tukuyu.flac|Matamshu}} ni [[mji mdogo]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[wilaya ya Rungwe]] katika [[mkoa]] wa [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]]. Iko [[mita]] 1300 juu ya [[UB]], karibu na [[Rungwe (mlima)|mlima wa Rungwe]] ikitazama [[beseni]] la [[Ziwa Nyasa]]. ==Historia== [[Picha:Lumbila Langenburg.png|thumb|Langenburg (Lumbila) na Neu Langenburg (Tukuyu)]] Tukuyu ilianzishwa mnamo [[1901]] wakati wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]]. [[Wajerumani]] waliwahi kuunda kituo cha kwanza pale [[Lumbila]] ya leo, kando ya [[Ziwa Nyasa]] wakakiita "Langenburg"<ref>[[:de:Langenburg]] ni pia mji mdogo katika kusini mwa Ujerumani; maana ya jina ni "boma ndefu"</ref> kwa [[heshima]] ya [[kabaila]] na [[mwanasiasa]] Mjerumani. Langenburg iliendelea kuwa makao makuu ya [[Mkoa wa Langenburg]] lakini ilikuwa na matatizo machoni pa Wajerumani walioona [[tabianchi]] haifai kwao [[afya|kiafya]]. Mwaka [[1900]] waliamua kuhamisha makao makuu sehemu iliyokuwa [[baridi]] zaidi na kujulikana kwa jina Tukuyu wakaiita "Neu Langenburg" ("Langenburg mpya"). [[Boma]] jipya lilijengwa mwaka 1901. Hadi leo [[jina]] la [[hoteli]] "Langiboss" linakumbusha jina la zamani. Neu Langenburg iliendelea kuwa mji mdogo; mnamo [[1913]] ilikuwa na [[duka|maduka]] 10 na kituo cha [[polisi]] chenye [[askari]] 66. Neu Langenburg ilikuwa [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Mkoa wa Langenburg]] (takriban [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa]] ya [[mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] na [[Mkoa wa Songwe|Songwe]] ya leo). Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[Waingereza]] walivamia [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] kutoka [[Nyasaland]] (Malawi) na Wajerumani waliondoka mjini mwaka [[1916]]; Waingereza walianzisha [[serikali]] yao ya kimkoa. Mwaka [[1919]] iliamuliwa katika [[Mkataba wa Versailles]] kwamba [[koloni]] la Kijerumani litawekwa mikononi mwa Waingereza waliobadilisha [[jina rasmi]] kuwa Tukuyu kuanzia mwaka [[1920]]. ==Uchumi== Tukuyu iko katika eneo lenye [[mvua]] nyingi na [[rutuba]]; ni [[kitovu]] cha [[kilimo]] cha [[chai]] nchini Tanzania. Pia ni kitovu cha kilimo cha [[ndizi]] za kuiva: takribani mkoa wote wa Mbeya hutegemea ndizi kutoka Tukuyu. Kwa miaka mingi Tukuyu ilikuwa na tatizo la [[mawasiliano]] mabaya kutokana na uharibifu wa [[barabara]] pamoja na matatizo ya kisiasa kati ya [[Malawi]] na Tanzania. Siku hizi barabara ni nzuri kuelekea Malawi, pia kwenda [[Mbeya]] na [[Daressalaam]]. Kuna nafasi nzuri ya [[utalii]] kwa sababu ya [[uzuri]] wa [[mazingira]], lakini [[huduma]] bado ni chache. ==Wakazi== Tukuyu ni eneo la [[Konde]] au [[Wanyakyusa]]. Mji wenyewe umekuwa kituo cha [[dayosisi]] ya Konde ya [[Walutheri]] pia dayosisi ya [[Wakatoliki]]. Makao makuu ya [[Moravian]] bado yako Rungwe misioni. ==Taasisi== Tukuyu ina [[shule ya msingi|shule za msingi]] na [[sekondari]], [[chuo cha ualimu]] na [[taasisi]] ya [[utafiti]] wa [[tiba]], pia kuna [[ofisi]] za [[serikali]] ambayo ndiyo makao makuu ya Wilaya ya Rungwe (halmashauri) au [[umma]] pamoja na mashirika binafsi au taasisi binafsi, pia kuna huduma za [[posta]], [[smu]], [[hospitali]] ya wilaya na huduma za [[benki]] mbalimbali. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Rungwe}} {{mbegu-jio-mbeya}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Rungwe]] gvbk3mg2omvp6ywmear5kl53yaz6duz 0 3088 1568958 1205774 2026-06-08T16:04:39Z AlwiyaGhareeb 83622 1568958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:SelousSandRivers.jpg|right|thumb|Mto Rufiji katika Hifadhi ya [[Selous]]]] '''Rufiji''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] kiko Tanzania ya [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] katika maungano ya [[tawimto|matawimto]] ya [[mto Kilombero]] (Ulanga) na [[mto Luwegu]]. Unafikia [[Bahari Hindi]] kwa njia ya [[delta]] yake takriban [[km]] 200 kusini kwa [[Dar es Salaam]] karibu na [[kisiwa cha Mafia]]. [[Urefu]] wa Rufiji ni takriban km 600. [[Tawimto]] kubwa katika [[beseni]] yake ni [[Ruaha Mkuu]]. Mwaka [[2005]] daraja lilikamilika linalorahisisha [[usafiri]] kati ya [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] na [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa ya]] [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]]. Bonde la Rufiji linajumulisha eneo la kilomita za mraba 177,000<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji River Basin|publisher=WWF|url=https://www.wwf.or.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>, ambayo ni karibu asilimia 20 ya ardhi ya Tanzania, na linajumuisha mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]], [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]], [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]], [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]], [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]]. == Matawi ya Bonde == [[Mto Rufiji]] una matawimto makubwa mawili: [[Mto Kilombero]] (pia unajulikana kama Ulanga) na [[Mto Luwegu]]. Kilombero ni mto mrefu zaidi kati ya haya mawili, unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Livingstone|Milima ya Kipengere]] na [[Milima ya Udzungwa]]. Luwegu unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Matengo]] na [[Milima ya Livingstone|Milima ya Kipengere]].Tawimto kubwa zaidi katika beseni ya Rufiji ni [[Ruaha Mkuu]], ambao una urefu wa kilomita 480 na unaojiunga na Rufiji karibu na mji wa Shughuli.<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Great Ruaha River|publisher=Wikipedia English|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Ruaha_River|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Matawi makuu ya Mto Rufiji !Tawi/Mto !Urefu (km) ! ! ! |- |[[Ruaha Mkuu]] |480 | | | |- |[[Mto Kilombero]] |350 | | | |- |[[Mto Luwegu]] |300 | | | |} == Historia == [[Picha:Rufiji_River_basin_map.svg|right|thumb|Ramani ya bonde la Mto Rufiji]] [[Wataalamu]] kadhaa huamini ya kwamba [[mji]] wa kale ulioitwa [[Rhapta]] na kutajwa katika [[kitabu]] cha [[Periplus ya Bahari ya Eritrea]] ulikuwepo kwenye Delta ya Rufiji. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[manowari]] ya Kijerumani [[SMS Königsberg]] ilizamishwa katika delta ya mto. Wakati wa utawala wa [[Ujerumani]] (1885-1918), [[Rufiji (mto)|Mto Rufiji]] ulitumika kama njia kuu ya kusafirisha bidhaa kutoka bara kwenda bandari ya [[Kilwa]] na [[Dar es Salaam]]. Wajerumani walianzisha mashamba ya miti, pamba, na kahawa kando ya mto<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=German Colonial Records – Schuberthof Plantation|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/search|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], [[Uingereza]] ilichukua udhibiti wa [[Tanganyika]]., Uingereza ilichukua udhibiti wa Tanganyika. Waingereza waliendeleza kilimo cha mazao ya biashara kama pamba, mpira, na korosho kwenye ukingo wa Rufiji.<ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cotton, colonialism, and social history in sub-Saharan Africa|author=Sunseri, Thaddeus|publisher=Heinemann|year=1995|isbn=0435089684|editor=Isaacman, Allen|pages=|chapter=Peasants and the struggle for labor in cotton regimes of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania (1890-1918)|editor2=Roberts, Richard}}</ref></ref> [[Tanzania]] baada ya uhuru (1961) ilirithi miundombinu ya kikoloni. Mwaka 2005, Daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa [[Japani]]., likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara, na Ruvuma.<ref>Mwaka 2005, daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa Japani, likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara na Ruvuma.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mkapa Bridge|publisher=Grokipedia|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/mkapa_bridge|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref> == Delta na Misitu Ndani ya Mto Rufiji == Delta ya Rufiji ni delta kubwa zaidi ya Afrika Mashariki <ref><ref>{{cite journal |year=2020 |title=Rufiji Delta Mangroves |journal=Wetlands Ecology |volume=28 |pages=45-60}}</ref></ref>.inayochukua eneo la kilomita za mraba 1,800. Misitu ya mikoko kwenye delta ya Rufiji ni mikubwa zaidi [[Tanzania]] na ya pili kwa ukubwa [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Delta ya Rufiji ni makazi ya [[Ndovu wa Afrika|ndovu]], [[viboko]], [[mamba]], na aina zaidi ya [[ndege]] 300. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji Delta Resource Reserve|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources Tanzania|url=https://www.mnrt.go.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Pwani]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html Map of the Rufiji River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Wayback|url=http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html |date=20080907170359 }} * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] * [https://eastafrica.wetlands.org/download/4687/ Rufiji Delta Landscape Strategy 2025-2050] Wetlands International Tanzania {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-TZ}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Pwani]] [[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]] nkmh60r9f204khjxmjdpk7c8jkrmbhw 1568962 1568958 2026-06-08T16:14:12Z AlwiyaGhareeb 83622 AWC 2026 1568962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:SelousSandRivers.jpg|right|thumb|Mto Rufiji katika Hifadhi ya [[Selous]]]] '''Rufiji''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] kiko Tanzania ya [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] katika maungano ya [[tawimto|matawimto]] ya [[mto Kilombero]] (Ulanga) na [[mto Luwegu]]. Unafikia [[Bahari Hindi]] kwa njia ya [[delta]] yake takriban [[km]] 200 kusini kwa [[Dar es Salaam]] karibu na [[kisiwa cha Mafia]]. [[Urefu]] wa Rufiji ni takriban km 600. [[Tawimto]] kubwa katika [[beseni]] yake ni [[Ruaha Mkuu]]. Mwaka [[2005]] daraja lilikamilika linalorahisisha [[usafiri]] kati ya [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] na [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa ya]] [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]]. Bonde la Rufiji linajumulisha eneo la kilomita za mraba 177,000<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji River Basin|publisher=WWF|url=https://www.wwf.or.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>, ambayo ni karibu asilimia 20 ya ardhi ya Tanzania, na linajumuisha mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]], [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]], [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]], [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]], [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]]. == Matawi ya Bonde == [[Mto Rufiji]] una matawimto makubwa mawili: [[Mto Kilombero]] (pia unajulikana kama Ulanga) na [[Mto Luwegu]]. Kilombero ni mto mrefu zaidi kati ya haya mawili, unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Livingstone|Milima ya Kipengere]] na [[Milima ya Udzungwa]]. Luwegu unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Matengo]] na [[Milima ya Livingstone|Milima ya Kipengere]].Tawimto kubwa zaidi katika beseni ya Rufiji ni [[Ruaha Mkuu]], ambao una urefu wa kilomita 480 na unaojiunga na Rufiji karibu na mji wa Shughuli.<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Great Ruaha River|publisher=Wikipedia English|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Ruaha_River|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Matawi makuu ya Mto Rufiji !Tawi/Mto !Urefu (km) ! ! ! |- |[[Ruaha Mkuu]] |480 | | | |- |[[Mto Kilombero]] |350 | | | |- |[[Mto Luwegu]] |300 | | | |} == Historia == [[Picha:Rufiji_River_basin_map.svg|right|thumb|Ramani ya bonde la Mto Rufiji]] [[Wataalamu]] kadhaa huamini ya kwamba [[mji]] wa kale ulioitwa [[Rhapta]] na kutajwa katika [[kitabu]] cha [[Periplus ya Bahari ya Eritrea]] ulikuwepo kwenye Delta ya Rufiji. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[manowari]] ya Kijerumani [[SMS Königsberg]] ilizamishwa katika delta ya mto. Wakati wa utawala wa [[Ujerumani]] (1885-1918), [[Rufiji (mto)|Mto Rufiji]] ulitumika kama njia kuu ya kusafirisha bidhaa kutoka bara kwenda bandari ya [[Kilwa]] na [[Dar es Salaam]]. Wajerumani walianzisha mashamba ya miti, pamba, na kahawa kando ya mto<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=German Colonial Records – Schuberthof Plantation|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/search|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], [[Uingereza]] ilichukua udhibiti wa [[Tanganyika]]., Uingereza ilichukua udhibiti wa Tanganyika. Waingereza waliendeleza kilimo cha mazao ya biashara kama pamba, mpira, na korosho kwenye ukingo wa Rufiji.<ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cotton, colonialism, and social history in sub-Saharan Africa|author=Sunseri, Thaddeus|publisher=Heinemann|year=1995|isbn=0435089684|editor=Isaacman, Allen|pages=|chapter=Peasants and the struggle for labor in cotton regimes of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania (1890-1918)|editor2=Roberts, Richard}}</ref></ref> [[Tanzania]] baada ya uhuru (1961) ilirithi miundombinu ya kikoloni. Mwaka 2005, Daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa [[Japani]]., likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara, na Ruvuma.<ref>Mwaka 2005, daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa Japani, likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara na Ruvuma.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mkapa Bridge|publisher=Grokipedia|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/mkapa_bridge|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref> == Delta na Misitu Ndani ya Mto Rufiji == Delta ya Rufiji ni delta kubwa zaidi ya Afrika Mashariki <ref><ref>{{cite journal |year=2020 |title=Rufiji Delta Mangroves |journal=Wetlands Ecology |volume=28 |pages=45-60}}</ref></ref>.inayochukua eneo la kilomita za mraba 1,800. Misitu ya mikoko kwenye delta ya Rufiji ni mikubwa zaidi [[Tanzania]] na ya pili kwa ukubwa [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Delta ya Rufiji ni makazi ya [[Ndovu wa Afrika|ndovu]], [[viboko]], [[mamba]], na aina zaidi ya [[ndege]] 300. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji Delta Resource Reserve|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources Tanzania|url=https://www.mnrt.go.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Pwani]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html Map of the Rufiji River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Wayback|url=http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html |date=20080907170359 }} * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] * [https://eastafrica.wetlands.org/download/4687/ Rufiji Delta Landscape Strategy 2025-2050] Wetlands International Tanzania == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.geonames.org/9645329/rufiji-river.html Rufiji River] kwenye tovuti ya GeoNames * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907163427/http://www.waterresources.biz/e-atlas/map_print.php?id=233 Map of the Rufiji River basin] kwenye Wayback Machine {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-TZ}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Pwani]] [[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]] 3d1mufbdj4yv0hfdwb4vzeiaj4yw9gp 1568998 1568962 2026-06-09T07:38:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568998 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:SelousSandRivers.jpg|right|thumb|Mto Rufiji katika Hifadhi ya [[Selous]]]] '''Rufiji''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] kiko Tanzania ya [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] katika maungano ya [[tawimto|matawimto]] ya [[mto Kilombero]] (Ulanga) na [[mto Luwegu]]. Unafikia [[Bahari Hindi]] kwa njia ya [[delta]] yake takriban [[km]] 200 kusini kwa [[Dar es Salaam]] karibu na [[kisiwa cha Mafia]]. [[Urefu]] wa Rufiji ni takriban km 600. [[Beseni]] la Rufiji linajumulisha eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 177,000<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji River Basin|publisher=WWF|url=https://www.wwf.or.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>, ambayo ni karibu [[asilimia]] 20 ya ardhi ya Tanzania, na linajumuisha mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]], [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]], [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]], [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]], [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]]. [[Tawimto]] kubwa katika beseni hilo ni [[Ruaha Mkuu]], ambao una urefu wa kilomita 480 na unajiunga na Rufiji karibu na mji wa Shughuli. Mwaka [[2005]] [[daraja]] lilikamilika linalorahisisha [[usafiri]] kati ya [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] na [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa ya]] [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] na [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]]. == Matawi ya Bonde == Mto Rufiji unatokana na matawimto makubwa mawili: [[Mto Kilombero]] (pia unajulikana kama Ulanga) na [[Mto Luwegu]]. Kilombero ni mto mrefu zaidi kati ya hayo mawili, unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Livingstone|Milima ya Kipengere]] na [[Milima ya Udzungwa]]. Luwegu unaotiririka kutoka [[Milima ya Matengo]] na Milima ya Kipengere. {| class="wikitable" |+Matawi makuu ya Mto Rufiji !Tawi/Mto !Urefu (km) ! ! ! |- |[[Ruaha Mkuu]] |480 | | | |- |[[Mto Kilombero]] |350 | | | |- |[[Mto Luwegu]] |300 | | | |} == Historia == [[Picha:Rufiji_River_basin_map.svg|right|thumb|Ramani ya bonde la Mto Rufiji]] [[Wataalamu]] kadhaa huamini ya kwamba [[mji]] wa kale ulioitwa [[Rhapta]] na kutajwa katika [[kitabu]] cha [[Periplus ya Bahari ya Eritrea]] ulikuwepo kwenye Delta ya Rufiji. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[manowari]] ya Kijerumani [[SMS Königsberg]] ilizamishwa katika delta ya mto. Wakati wa utawala wa [[Ujerumani]] (1885-1918), [[Rufiji (mto)|Mto Rufiji]] ulitumika kama njia kuu ya kusafirisha bidhaa kutoka bara kwenda bandari ya [[Kilwa]] na [[Dar es Salaam]]. Wajerumani walianzisha mashamba ya miti, pamba, na kahawa kando ya mto<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=German Colonial Records – Schuberthof Plantation|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/search|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], [[Uingereza]] ilichukua udhibiti wa [[Tanganyika]]., Uingereza ilichukua udhibiti wa Tanganyika. Waingereza waliendeleza kilimo cha mazao ya biashara kama pamba, mpira, na korosho kwenye ukingo wa Rufiji.<ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cotton, colonialism, and social history in sub-Saharan Africa|author=Sunseri, Thaddeus|publisher=Heinemann|year=1995|isbn=0435089684|editor=Isaacman, Allen|pages=|chapter=Peasants and the struggle for labor in cotton regimes of the Rufiji Basin, Tanzania (1890-1918)|editor2=Roberts, Richard}}</ref></ref> [[Tanzania]] baada ya uhuru (1961) ilirithi miundombinu ya kikoloni. Mwaka 2005, Daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa [[Japani]]., likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara, na Ruvuma.<ref>Mwaka 2005, daraja la Rufiji lilikamilika kwa msaada wa Japani, likarahisisha usafiri kati ya Dar es Salaam na mikoa ya Lindi, Mtwara na Ruvuma.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mkapa Bridge|publisher=Grokipedia|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/mkapa_bridge|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref> == Delta na Misitu Ndani ya Mto Rufiji == Delta ya Rufiji ni delta kubwa zaidi ya Afrika Mashariki <ref><ref>{{cite journal |year=2020 |title=Rufiji Delta Mangroves |journal=Wetlands Ecology |volume=28 |pages=45-60}}</ref></ref>.inayochukua eneo la kilomita za mraba 1,800. Misitu ya mikoko kwenye delta ya Rufiji ni mikubwa zaidi [[Tanzania]] na ya pili kwa ukubwa [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Delta ya Rufiji ni makazi ya [[Ndovu wa Afrika|ndovu]], [[viboko]], [[mamba]], na aina zaidi ya [[ndege]] 300. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008. Eneo hili limehifadhiwa kama Hifadhi ya Rasilimali za Delta ya Rufiji tangu mwaka 2008<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rufiji Delta Resource Reserve|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources Tanzania|url=https://www.mnrt.go.tz|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref></ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Pwani]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html Map of the Rufiji River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Wayback|url=http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/af22.html |date=20080907170359 }} * [https://eastafrica.wetlands.org/download/4687/ Rufiji Delta Landscape Strategy 2025-2050] Wetlands International Tanzania * [https://www.geonames.org/9645329/rufiji-river.html Rufiji River] kwenye tovuti ya GeoNames * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907163427/http://www.waterresources.biz/e-atlas/map_print.php?id=233 Map of the Rufiji River basin] kwenye Wayback Machine {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-TZ}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Pwani]] [[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]] 889bzutkherefwmnkxnvlaa8m4ionzx 0 6927 1569084 1327259 2026-06-09T10:56:58Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iramba.flac|thumb|Iramba]] [[Picha:Tanzania Iramba location map.svg|thumb|250px|Mahali pa Iramba (kijani cheusi) katika [[mkoa wa Singida]].]] '''Wilaya ya Iramba''' ni [[wilaya]] mojawapo kati ya 7 za [[Mkoa wa Singida]]. Imepakana na [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga]] upande wa kaskazini-Magharibi, na [[Mkoa wa Mara]] upande wa kaskazini-mashariki, [[wilaya ya Singida Vijijini]] na [[Singida Mjini]] upande wa kusini na [[Mkoa wa Tabora]] upande wa magharibi Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 328,912 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Katika sensa ya mwaka 2002, idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hiyo ilihesabiwa kuwa 236,282.<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Singida - Iramba District Council]</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya wenyeji wa Iramba ni [[Wanyiramba]] wanaosema [[lugha]] ya [[Kinyiramba]]. ==Kuanzishwa kwa Wilaya ya Iramba== Wilaya ya Iramba ilianzishwa mwaka [[1954]]; awali makao makuu ya wilaya yalipelekwa kijiji cha [[Mkalama]]: huko hayakudumu kwani yalihamishiwa katika kijiji cha [[Kisiriri]], hata hivyo [[watawala]] walipendezwa zaidi na eneo la [[Kiomboi]] ambalo lilikuwa na [[Mti|miti]] mingi aina ya [[Myombo|miombo]] ambayo kwa Kinyiramba huitwa “mupumpu”. [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] walishindwa kutamka [[neno]] miombo na badala yake wakawa wanatamka kiomboi; neno hili lilipata mashiko kwa watumiaji kiasi cha kukomaa na kuwa Kiomboi. Wilaya ya Iramba imeongozwa na wakuu wa wilaya mbalimbali kama ifuatavyo: 1. Dunstan A.Omari- 1958-Juni 1959, 2. Athuman Katuo -Julai 1959-Novemba 1960, 3. John M.Ndingwangu- Des. 1960-Juni 1961, 4. Samwel A.Msindai- Julai 1961- Nov 1962, 5. Sumbu Gallawa- Des.1962-Jan.1963, 6. G.M.Bundalla Feb.1963-Mei.1966, 7. G.O.Mhagama - Juni.1966-Machi,1967, 8. A.K.Msonge A pril.1967-Des.1971, 9. M.B.Kig’ombe Jan.1972-April 1977, 10. R.S.Chazua Julai 1977-Juni.1983, 11. Jeremia E.Duwe Julai 1983-Mei 1986, 12. A.K.Mwakyusa Mei 1986-Nov.1990, 13. E.M.Halinga Des.1990-Mei 1992, 14. John Z.Chiligati- Juni 1992-Des.1996, 15. David W.Hollela- Jani 1997-Aprili 1998, 16. Zainabu M.Kondo Aprili 1998-Agosti 2006, 17. Grace H.Mesaki Agosti 2006-Mei 2012, 18. Yahya E.Nawanda Mei 2012-Machi 2015, 19. Lucy Mayenga Machi.2015-Julai 2016, 20. Emmanuel J.Luhahula Julai.2016 ==Kuanzishwa kwa Halmashauri ya Wilaya ya Iramba== Halmashauri ya Wilaya ya Iramba ilianzishwa mwaka [[1984]]. Wakurugenzi watendaji wa halmashauri ya wilaya walioongoza wilaya hii ni hawa wafuatao: 1. George Challe-1984-1985, 2. Masanga B.Msonge-1985-1988, 3. Kabeja B.Moses-1988-1990, 4. Fredrick kipigapasi-1990-1995, 5. Berther Swai-1995-1997, 6. Mr.Msoma-1997-1998, 7. Ester Mbigili-1998-2000, 8. Mpangalukela Tatala-2000-2004, 9. Dr.Izidor Mtalo-2004-2007, 10.Fortunatus Fwema-2007-2012, 11.Christine K.Midello-2012-2013,12.Halima Mpita-2013-2015, 13.Dr.Grace Mbaruku-2015-2015, 14.Clement Berege-2015-2016, 15.Linno P.Mwageni-2016-Siasa Wilaya ya Iramba imeweza kushiriki kikamilifu katika masuala ya siasa, hii ni pamoja na kufanya chaguzi mbalimbali kuwapata viongozi kuanzia ngazi ya shina hadi taifa 1958-1965 – Samwel Msindai 1965-1970 – Yona J. Nkurlu 1970-1975 Jimbo la Iramba liligawanywa kuwa majimbo mawili yaani Iramba ya juu na Iramba ya chini, ambapo Iramba ya juu alichaguliwa Mchungaji Simion P. Kinzu na Iramba ya chini alichaguliwa Ndg Abel Naligingwa. 1975-1980- Likarudishwa jimbo moja la Iramba lililoongozwa na Nassania Y. Nkurlu 1980-1995- Alichaguliwa Mhe, Nalaila L. Kiula 1995- Jimbo la Iramba liligawanywa majimbo mawili, jimbo la Iramba Magharibi na Iramba Mashariki, Nalaila Kiula aliongoza jimbo la Iramba magharibi na Mgana Msindai aliongoza Iramba Mashariki. 1995-2000- Nalaila Kiula (Iramba Magharibi). 2000-2005- Leonard Shango (Iramba Magharibi) 2005-2010- Juma Kilimba (Iramba Magharibi) 2010-2015- Mwigulu L. Nchemba (Iramba Magharibi) 2015- Dr. Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba Mhe Diana Mkumbo Chilolo na Martha Mlata ni wabunge waliochaguliwa kupitia viti maalumu vya wanawake kwa tikiti ya CCM Mkoa wa Singida. ==Vivutio vya utalii== Yafuatayo ni baadhi tu ya maeneo yenye vivutio vya utalii na utamaduni Wilayani Iramba. ===Ziwa Kitangiri na Bonde la Wembere=== Ziwa hii limepita katika Tarafa za Shelui na Kisiriri wilayani Iramba. Shughuli zifanywazo katika ziwa hili ni uvuvi wa samaki wa aina mbalimbali kama vile: kambare, kamongo, perege, nembe na ningu. [[Ziwa Kitangiri]] limekuwa chanzo kikubwa cha uchumi katika wilaya ya Iramba kwa kutoa aina mbalimbali za samaki. Kuna wanyama waishio humo kama vile kiboko n.k. Pia kuna ndege wengi wa aina mbalimbali wazuri wa kuvutia; ndege hao ni: flamingo, korongo, ndegemwambu (bwana usafi), fongafonga, batamaji, batamzinga n.k. Aidha pembezoni mwa ziwa hili kuna [[bonde]] la [[mto Wembere]]. ===Nkonta – Ushora – Ndago=== Kuna mapango ambayo aliishi Gunda Mpwani, mtu aliyekuwa na nguvu za pekee. Pia eneo hilo lina mwamba wenye nyayo za binadamu na wanyama. ===Kimagwe=== Eneo hili lipo kijiji cha Ruruma, Kata ya Kiomboi, Tarafa ya Kisiriri, Hapo kuna nyayo za binadamu na wanyama kama vile mbwa, mbuzi na ng`ombe. Nyayo za binadamu huyo zinajulikana kwa jina la Ntigazi (Mugulu wake Ntegazi). ===Kisana Kwa Mang`ombe=== Eneo hili lipo kijiji cha Kisana, Kata ya Kisiriri, Tarafa ya Kisiriri, kuna [[Michoro ya miambani|michoro]] ya [[tembo]], [[ng’ombe]] na [[mbuzi]] kwenye [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|mwamba]] wa [[jiwe]]. ===Kisana Wanguu=== Huko Kisana vilevile kuna eneo la kufanyia matambiko (ibada za asili) kwa Kinyiramba huitwa “kupolya”, eneo la kutambikia huitwa “tyekelo”. ===Pango la Kisharita=== Vilevile kuna pango lenye ngoma zilizotumiwa na watu wa zamani kwa ajili ya matambiko. Ngoma hizo za asili zimehifadhiwa ndani ya pango eneo la Kisana Kisharita, kijiji cha Kisharita, Kata ya [[Kinampanda]], Tarafa ya Kinampanda, ambapo kuna jiwe lililochongwa mithili ya kiti ambacho kilikuwa kinakaliwa na kiongozi wa jadi, Mtemi mdogo Shulua. Alifanya miujiza mingi ya kustaajaabisha kiasi cha kuwafanya adui zake (Wajerumani) kushindwa kumkamata ili wamuue. Mtemi Shulua alijisalimisha kwa Wajerumani na kupelekwa [[Kilimatinde]], [[wilaya ya Manyoni|Manyoni]] na hatimaye kunyongwa. Fuvu la Mtemi huyu lipo Ujerumani hadi leo. Jitihada ya kulirudisha Wilayani Iramba bado hazijafanyika. ===Nkokilangi=== Eneo hili lipo kijiji cha Nkokilangi Kata ya [[Ntwike]], Tarafa ya Shelui. Ni maarufu kwa utengenezaji wa chumvi kwa njia ya kienyeji. Eneo hilo lilitawaliwa na mtemi Kilyoma aliyekuwa na miujiza mbalimbali kama kutoweka mikononi mwa maadui zake bila wao kujua amepotelea wapi. Kilyoma alinyongwa na Wajerumani eneo la Ntwike. Kichwa chake kilipelekwa Ujerumani na hadi leo bado kipo huko. ===Ruruma=== Ni kijiji maarufu katika historia ya Wilaya ya Iramba, Mkoa wa Singida na Tanzania kwa ujumla, hususani suala la [[uinjilishaji]]. [[Wamisionari]] kutoka [[Ujerumani]] Itanai na Everest walifika Ruruma Desemba 24, [[1911]] kwa lengo la kujenga [[kanisa]] na kueneza [[Injili]]. Baadhi ya [[Mzee|wazee]] waliokutana na wamisionari hao ni Lyanga Munkyala, Mkumbo Kilili na Nsimpule Kishei. ===Mti wa Kubatizia=== Huu ni maarufu katika kijiji cha Ruruma, Wilaya ya Iramba Dayosisi ya Kati, kwani mwaka 1914 waumini walibatiziwa mahali hapo kwani hapakuwa na Kanisa miti huo kwa Kinyiramba huitwa “mutuilankolo”. Huo mti ulitumiwa kama eneo la kuabudia waumini wa [[Ukristo]] wa Ruruma. Baadhi ya waumini waliobatizwa ni Yakobo Ntundu, Yesaya Mpondo, Stephano Magia, Mukolamulamu Kidedema na Mathayo Gongia. Mwaka 1933 waumini wa Kinyiramba walianza kubatizwa kwa majina ya Kikristo lakini yenye asili ya Kinyiramba, kwa mfano majina ya wanaume: Nalompa, Nalogwa, Nagunwa, Napangata, Naukigwa, Nasoloa, Nashokigwa, Nakamia, Nakembetwa, Nalingigwa, Najulwa, Nakomolwa, Nalindilwa, Nalumba, Nalumbikya, Nagomolwa, Naligia, Niitwa, Nasania, Nasagulwa, Napunigwa, Nasunzwa, Nasupya n.k. Kwa upande wa Wanawake ni: Wansokya, Wasangula, Wankembeta, Wampumbulya, Wanindila, Wantwala, Wanguna, Wanduta, Wamilika, Wankolela, Wankumbasa, Wandegya, Wanonda, Wansugumilya, Wansugamilya, Wandaila, Wanimikya, Wantongela, Wangomola, Wantunguila, Wantungata, Wanzalilya, Wampela, Wamona, Wanduta, Welu, Wampapa, Wandishya, Wampunya, Elinkaila, Eliwaza, Eliwanzita, Winjuka, Wintyapa, Elintongela, Msalawelu, Ulumbi, Lumbikya, Wanumbilya, Ukende, Wanumbikya, Wanansula, Wansola, Tyatawelu, Wingwila, Wampandila, Wanzesya, Wampeta, Wansolania, Wanompela, Wanzita n.k. ===Sekenke-Tulya=== Ndipo ambapo inasadikika kuwepo kwa rasilimali nyingi ikiwemo mafuta na madini ya aina mbalimbali. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Iramba}} {{mbegu-jio-singida}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Singida|I]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Iramba| ]] agx35cm76yajodyip02172dwdhyv460 0 6986 1569083 1308861 2026-06-09T10:55:35Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ileje.flac|thumb|Ileje]] [[Picha:Tanzania Ileje location map.svg|thumb|250px|Mahali pa Ileje (kijani) katika [[mkoa wa Mbeya]].]] '''Wilaya ya Ileje''' ni [[wilaya]] mojawapo kati ya 5 za [[Mkoa wa Songwe]]; hadi 2016 ilikuwa sehemu ya [[Mkoa wa Mbeya]]. Wilaya hii imepakana na nchi ya [[Malawi]] na inatenganishwa nayo na [[mto Songwe]]. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]], idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hiyo ilihesabiwa kuwa 124,450 [https://web.archive.org/web/20031217230052/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/ileje.htm]. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 125,869 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Wenyeji wa Ileje ni wenye [[asili]] ya [[makabila]] matatu, yaani [[Wandali]], [[Walambya]] na [[Wamalila]] ([[Ibaba]], [[Itale]]). Kama ilivyo kwa [[mkoa]] mzima, Ileje kuna wafuasi wengi wa [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] na wachache wa [[Uislamu]]. ==Utawala== Wilaya hii ina [[kata]] zifuatazo: {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} *[[Bupigu]] *[[Chitete]] *[[Ibaba]] *[[Ikinga]] *[[Isongole]] {{col-3}} *[[Itale (Ileje)]] *[[Itumba]] *[[Kafule]] *[[Lubanda]] *[[Luswisi]] {{col-3}} *[[Malangali (Ileje)]] *[[Mbebe]] *[[Ndola]] *[[Ngulilo]] *[[Ngulugulu]] *[[Sange]] {{col-end}} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Ileje}} {{mbegu-jio-songwe}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Songwe|I]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ileje| ]] o2nfme0m8kr4sei3nazmlx2agksx1vq 0 7161 1569095 1567124 2026-06-09T11:29:37Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mpwapwa.flac|thumb|Mpwapwa]] '''Mpwapwa''' ni jina la *[[Mpwapwa (mji)|Mji wa Mpwapwa]] ambao ni makao makuu ya *[[Wilaya ya Mpwapwa]]. {{maana}} [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Makala zinazotofautisha maana]] 12lmtpdgiv7xvs9nxghucqjvb7mhi9z 0 13744 1569070 1394547 2026-06-09T10:00:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariana Seoane García''' (amezaliwa [[10 Juni]] [[1976]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[tamthilia]], na pia ni [[muimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Meksiko]]. Amepata kuwa maarufu katika ile tamthilia ya "Rebeca". Amechanganya [[Taifa|mataifa]] mawili tofauti, mama yake ni mtu wa [[Argentina]], baba yake amechanganya pia kati ya M[[cuba]] na M[[meksiko]]. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0784589/ Habari za Mariana Seoane katika IMDB] * [http://www.alma-latina.net/01actresses/m/mariana_seoane.shtml alma-latina.net] {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seoane, Mariana}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] c0ct2ke45lrd2emzcoe7fzlexyknbly 0 13805 1569067 1394546 2026-06-09T09:59:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Mariana Ochoa | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Mariana Ochoa. | jina la kuzaliwa = Mariana Yolanda Ochoa Reyes | alizaliwa = [[19 Februari]] [[1979]]<br />[[Mexiko]] | kafariki = | jina lingine = Mariana Ochoa | kazi yake = Mwigizaji<br />Mwanamuziki | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Mariana Yolanda Ochoa Reyes''' (amezaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[Meksiko]], [[19 Februari]] [[1979]]) ni [[muigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka nchi ya [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa [[kundi]] la [[muziki]] maarufu kama [[OV7]] (awali lilifahamika kama ''La Onda Vaselina''). Baada ya kuachana, Ochoa alianza kujitangaza mwenyewe katika masuala ya muziki na uigizaji. ==Wasifu== ===Maisha ya filamu na muziki=== Tamthilia yake kwanza kumpa umaarufu na kukubalika kwa Mariana ilikuwa La Hija Del Jardinero, iliyoandaliwa na TV Azteca production. Tamthilia hiyo ilipokelewa vizuri tu huko [[Amerika ya Kilatini]]. Hivi karibuni Mariana alitoa tamthilia nyingine nzuri ya kuvutia iitwayo "Amor Sin Condiciones" na kuweza kuipiku hata ile ya 'Secreto de Amor' ambayo iliandaliwa mwaka [[2001]] na kampuni ya Venevisión wakishirikiana na Fonovideo ya Miami nchini marekani. Pamoja Ochoa na kushughulika na kurekodi albamu yake ya pili lakini bado pia anashughulika na kurekodi tamthilia mpya itakayo rushwa hewani na TV Azteca, tamthilia inaitwa "Se Busca un Hombre" ambayo pia inaandaliwa na kampuni ya TV Azteca. ==Albamu alizotoa== {| class=wikitable !Albamu!!Mwaka!!Studio |----------------- |[[Yo Soy (album)|Yo Soy]]||[[2004]]||EMI Music |----------------- |[[Luna Llena (album)|Luna Llena]]||[[2007]]||Warner Music |}<br>Mnamo [[mwezi]] [[Machi]], [[2006]], Ochoa amebadilisha studio ya EMI na kuhamia Warner Music kwa mkataba wa kurekodi kwa muda wa miaka kumi.<br>[[Mwezi]] [[Julai]], [[2007]], Ochoa alirekodi albamu yake ya pili iliyoitwa Luna Llena. ==Nyimbo maarufu== * My Lover * Deseos * Qué Importa * Me Faltas Tú (#20 - EXA [[Guatemala]] * Aunque No Estés (Kwa Ushirikiano wa [[Alex Ubago]]) ==Marejeo== # http://www.emimusic.com.mx/portal/hgxpp001.aspx?2,114,23,O,S,0,MNU;E;72;7;MNU {{Wayback|url=http://www.emimusic.com.mx/portal/hgxpp001.aspx?2,114,23,O,S,0,MNU;E;72;7;MNU |date=20071029100922 }}; # [http://mx.starmedia.com/entretenimiento/gente/marianaochoa_171518.html "Como Nunca Existió"] {{Wayback|url=http://mx.starmedia.com/entretenimiento/gente/marianaochoa_171518.html |date=20070111150458 }} # http://foro.univision.com/univision/board/message?board.id=mariana_ochoa&message.id=78515 # [http://foro.univision.com/univision/board/message?board.id=mariana_ochoa&message.id=83951 Ochoa Kwenye 10 Bora] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.marianaochoa.com Tovuti Rasmi ya Ochoa] * [http://www.myspace.com/marianaochoamusic Ochoa Katika My Space] * [http://foro.univision.com/univision/board?board.id=mariana_ochoa Forum] {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ochoa, Mariana}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] aj1w58xqhoao48w4ncauyvgkd7mg78b 0 14703 1569069 1392501 2026-06-09T10:00:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcela Pezet''' (amezaliwa [[23 Aprili]] [[1973]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[tamthilia]] kutoka nchini [[Meksiko]]. Pezet aliwahi kuwa mmoja kati ya [[wasanii]] maarufu sana katika [[miaka ya 2000]], baada ya kucheza tamthilia ya La Revancha (2000) humo alitumia jina la Isabela Ruiz, ambaye pia aliigiza kuwa kama ndugu wa Soledad Ruiz, au kama weingi wanavyomjua kwa kumwita [[Danna Garcia]]. ==Tamthilia alizoigiza== * Te Amaré en Silencio» - [[2003]], [[USA]] * La Revancha» - [[2000]], [[USA]]-[[Venezuela]] * Marea Brava» - [[1999]], [[Mexico]] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geocities.com/marcelapezet Marcela Pezet katika Geocities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.geocities.com/marcelapezet |date=20090728090301 }} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pezet, Marcela}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p0ei0qk8ikn52lftp56e79lu5xls0wf 0 15024 1569058 1307151 2026-06-09T09:55:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Elpidia Carrillo | picha =Elpidia Carrillo.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha =Elpidia Carrillo | jina la kuzaliwa = Elpidia Carrillo | alizaliwa = [[16 Agosti]] [[1961]]<br>[[Mexiko]] | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[mwigizaji]] [[filamu]] wa [[Mexiko]] | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Elpidia Carrillo''' (amezaliwa Parácuaro, Michoacán, [[Meksiko]], [[16 Agosti]] [[1961]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] [[filamu]] wa [[Meksiko]], aliyeonekana zaidi katika filamu mbambalimbali za Hollywood, [[Marekani]]. Vilevile kuna baadhi ya filamu alizokuwa akiigiza na kutumia jina lilelile la kuzaliwa '''Elpedia Carrillo'''. Carrillo alianza kujibebea umaarufu mnamo mwaka 1986 baada ya kucheza kama "Maria" katika filamu ya Salvador, ambapo alicheza na nyota mwingine maarufu bwana [[James Woods]]. Vilevile amewahi kucheza filamu ya Predator, aliocheza nyota Arnold Schwarzenegger, pia amewahi kushirikiana na Jimmy Smits na waigizaji wengine wengi tu wa filamu. Kwasasa Carrilo anishi mjini Venice, [[California]], na ana mume na watoto wawili wa kike. ==Filamu alizoiigiza Elpidia Carrillo== * Ladrones y Mentirosos * Nine Lives, 2005, Sandra * A Day Without a Mexican, 2004, Mexican movie, Cata * Kingpin, 2003, mini-series, Lupita * Solaris, 2002 * La Otra, 2002, Mexican telenovela * Bread and Roses, 2000, Rosa * Things you can Tell Just by Looking at Her, 2000, Carmen * La Otra Conquista, 1998, both as Tecuichpo and Doña Isabel * They Come at Night, 1998, Maria Velazquez * Un Embrujo, 1998 * The Brave, 1997, Rita * De Tripas, Corazon, 1995, Mexican movie, Meifer * My Family, 1995, Isabel * La Hija del Puma, 1994, Mexican movie, Maria * Lightning Field, 1991, made for television movie, Dolores * Predator , 1990, Anna * Dangerous Passion, 1990, made for television movie, Angela * The Assassin, 1989, Elena * Una Cita con el Destino, 1988, Mexican movie * Predator, 1987, Anna * Let's Get Harry, 1987, Veronica * Salvador, 1986, Maria * Christopher Columbus, 1985, Italian production, mini series, Coana * Under Fire, 1983, Saninista * The Honorary Consul 1983, Clara, her Hollywood debut * The Border, 1982, Maria * Bartholome - oder die Rückkehr der weißen Götter, 1982, Indo-German television production, Ms. Anna * La Virgen Robada, 1981, Mexican movie * El Jugador de Ajedrez, 1980, Mexican movie * Winnetu Oule Mascalero, 1980, television series, Wetaton * Bandera Rota, 1979 * Nuevo Mundo, 1978, Mexican movie * Pedro Paramo, 1978, as Isabel, Mexican movie * Deseos, 1977, Mexican movie ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name | id=0001990| name=Elpidia Carrillo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carrillo, Elpidia}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] oilxtk9szjcojp16bbg16otz8ak3hac 4 15614 1568942 1427679 2026-06-08T13:04:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Majengo maalumu */ 1568942 wikitext text/x-wiki Hii ni tafsiri ya [[w:m:List of_articles all languages should have]] orodha ya Kiingereza ya makala 1,000 za msingi kutoka meta:wikipedia] ya Februari 2008. Hadi Novemba 2019 idadi kubwa imetafsiriwa, pia orodha imebadilishwa mara kadhaa. Mapengo ya sasa ni 10 tu, ni haya yafuatayo: [[d:Q11372|physical chemistry]] , [[d:Q11382|conservation of energy]] , [[d:Q11415|strong interaction]] , [[d:Q11418|weak interaction]] , [[d:Q11452|general relativity]] , [[d:Q7754|mathematical analysis]] , [[d:Q11216|numerical analysis]] , [[d:Q11348|function]] , [[d:Q205|infinity]] , [[d:Q9135|operating system]] Pamoja na hayo ya juu, inafaa tuangalie sasa orodha ya [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have/Expanded orodha ya makala 10,000 za msingi kutoka meta:wikipedia]. Hapo tumeshapata karibu makala 4,000, lakini bado zaidi kidogo ya 6,000 zinakosekana. Hata kama si kila moja ni mada ya kuvutia sana, bado makala hizo ni kiunzi cha elimu ya msingi! Karibuni kuchangia. Wanaopenda jiografia, basi mtumie orodha ya sehemu yake iliyoswahilishwa kisehemu [[Mtumiaji:Kipala/10000_list_Geography]] na jitahidini kumaliza maneno mekundu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:25, 21 Septemba 2019 (UTC) =Wasifu= ==Waigizaji== | [[Brigitte Bardot]] | [[Sarah Bernhardt]] | [[Marlon Brando]] | [[Charlie Chaplin]] | [[Marlene Dietrich]] | [[Marx Brothers]] | [[Marilyn Monroe]] ==Wasanii== | [[Pieter Brueghel Mzee]] | [[Le Corbusier]] | [[Leonardo da Vinci]] | [[Salvador Dalí]] | [[Donatello]] | [[Albrecht Dürer]] | [[Vincent van Gogh]] | [[Francisco Goya]] | [[Frida Kahlo]] | [[Henri Matisse]] | [[Michelangelo]] | [[I. M. Pei]] | [[Pablo Picasso]] | [[Raphael]] | [[Rembrandt]] | [[Peter Paul Rubens]] | [[Diego Velázquez]] | [[Andy Warhol]] | [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] ==Waandishi== | [[Abu Nuwas]] | [[Matsuo Bashō]] | [[Jorge Luis Borges]] | [[George Byron]] | [[Luís de Camões]] | [[Miguel de Cervantes]] | [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] | [[Anton Chekhov]] | [[Arnaut Daniel]] | [[Dante Alighieri]] | [[Rubén Darío]] | [[Charles Dickens]] | [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] | [[Firdusi]] | [[Fuzulî]] | [[Gabriel Garcia Marquez]] | [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] | [[Homer]] | [[Horatius]] | [[Victor Hugo]] | [[Henrik Ibsen]] | [[James Joyce]] | [[Franz Kafka]] | [[Kālidāsa]] | [[Omar Khayyam]] | [[Li Bai]] | [[Naguib Mahfouz]] | [[Molière]] | [[Vladimir Nabokov]] | [[Ovid]] | [[Munshi Premchand]] | [[Marcel Proust]] | [[Alexander Pushkin]] | [[Arthur Rimbaud]] | [[Shota Rustaveli]] | [[Jose Saramago]] | [[Sappho]] | [[William Shakespeare]] | [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]] | [[Sophokles]] | [[Snorri Sturluson]] | [[Leo Tolstoy]] | [[Mark Twain]] | [[Virgil]] | [[William Wordsworth]] | [[Wu Cheng'en]] ==Wanamuziki== | [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] | [[The Beatles]] | [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] | [[Hector Berlioz]] | [[Anton Bruckner]] | [[Johannes Brahms]] | [[Frédéric Chopin]] | [[Antonín Dvořák]] | [[Georg Friederich Händel]] | [[Jimi Hendrix]] | [[Gustav Mahler]] | [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] | [[Giacomo Puccini]] | [[Elvis Presley]] | [[The Rolling Stones]] | [[Franz Schubert]] | [[Jean Sibelius]] | [[Bedřich Smetana]] | [[Robert Schumann]] | [[Igor Stravinsky]] | [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] | [[Giuseppe Verdi]] | [[Antonio Vivaldi]] | [[Richard Wagner]] ==Wapelelezi== | [[Roald Amundsen]] | [[Neil Armstrong]] | [[Jacques Cartier]] | [[Christopher Columbus]] | [[James Cook]] | [[Hernán Cortés]] | [[Yuri Gagarin]] | [[Vasco da Gama]] | [[Ferdinand Magellan]] | [[Marco Polo]] | [[Zheng He]] | [[Alexander von Humboldt]] ==Waongozaji wa filamu na waandishi wa muswada andishi== | [[Ingmar Bergman]] | [[Walt Disney]] | [[Federico Fellini]] | [[Alfred Hitchcock]] | [[Stanley Kubrick]] | [[Akira Kurosawa]] | [[George Lucas]] | [[Steven Spielberg]] ==Wanasayansi, wavumbuzi== | [[Archimedes]] | [[Tim Berners|Lee]] | [[Tycho Brahe]] | [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] | [[Marie Curie]] | [[Charles Darwin]] | [[Thomas Edison]] | [[Albert Einstein]] | [[Euclid]] | [[Leonard Euler]] | [[Michael Faraday]] | [[Enrico Fermi]] | [[Fibonacci]] | [[Henry Ford]] | [[Joseph Fourier]] | [[Galileo Galilei]] | [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] | [[Johann Gutenberg]] | [[Ernst Haeckel]] | [[James Prescott Joule]] | [[Johannes Kepler]] | [[John Maynard Keynes]] | [[Khwarizmi]] | [[Gottfried Leibniz]] | [[Carolus Linnaeus]] | [[James Clerk Maxwell]] | [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] | [[John von Neumann]] | [[Isaac Newton]] | [[Blaise Pascal]] | [[Louis Pasteur]] | [[Max Planck]] | [[Pythagoras]] | [[Ernest Rutherford]] | [[Erwin Schrödinger]] | [[Richard Stallman]] | [[Nikola Tesla]] | [[Alan Turing]] | [[James Watt]] ==Wataalamu wa kijamii, wanafalsafa, wanahistoria, wanauchumi== | [[Thomas Aquinas]] | [[Aristoteles]] | [[Agostino wa Hippo]] | [[Avicenna]] | [[Giordano Bruno]] | [[Simone de Beauvoir]] | [[Noam Chomsky]] | [[René Descartes]] | [[Émile Durkheim]] | [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] | [[Sigmund Freud]] | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] | [[Herodotus]] | [[Hippokrates]] | [[Immanuel Kant]] | [[John Locke]] | [[Martin Luther]] | [[Rosa Luxemburg]] | [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] | [[Karl Marx]] | [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] | [[Paulo wa Tarso]] | [[Plato]] | [[Pythagoras]] | [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] | [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] | [[Adam Smith]] | [[Sokrates]] | [[Sun Tzu]] | [[Voltaire]] | [[Max Weber]] | [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] ==Wanasiasa, viongozi, makabaila== | [[Akbar]] | [[Alexander Mkuu]] | [[Kemal Atatürk]] | [[Augustus]] | [[David Ben Gurion]] | [[Otto von Bismarck]] | [[Simón Bolívar]] | [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] | [[George W. Bush]] | [[Julius Caesar]] | [[Charlemagne]] | [[Winston Churchill]] | [[Malkia Cixi]] | [[Kleopatra]] | [[Konstantino Mkuu]] | [[Charles de Gaulle]] | [[Indira Gandhi]] | [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza]] | [[Genghis Khan]] | [[Haile Selassie]] | [[Hirohito]] | [[Adolf Hitler]] | [[Vladimir Lenin]] | [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa]] | [[Nelson Mandela]] | [[Mao Zedong]] | [[Benito Mussolini]] | [[Kwame Nkrumah]] | [[Peter I wa Urusi]] | [[Qin Shi Huang]] | [[Salah ad Din]] | [[Joseph Stalin]] | [[Margaret Thatcher]] | [[Victoria wa Uingereza]] | [[George Washington]] ==Watu wa dini== | [[Abrahamu]] | [[Musa]] | [[Yesu]] | [[Muhammad]] | [[Buddha]] ==Wanamapinduzi, wanaharakati== | [[Mahatma Gandhi]] | [[Emma Goldman]] | [[Joan of Arc]] | [[Helen Keller]] | [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] | [[Mama Teresa]] | [[Florence Nightingale]] | [[Che Guevara]] =Historia= | [[Historia]] == Dunia ya kale (hadi 500 BK) == | [[Historia ya awali]] | [[Zama za Mawe]] | [[Zama za Shaba]] | [[Zama za Chuma]] | [[Mesopotamia]] | [[Misri ya Kale]] | [[Ugiriki ya Kale]] | [[Dola la Roma]] ==Enzi ya Kati | Mwanzo wa Kisasa== | [[Zama za Mwangaza]] | [[Azteki]] | [[Milki ya Bizanti]] | [[Vita za Misalaba]] | [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]] | [[Vita ya miaka 100]] | [[Enzi ya Kati]] | [[Milki ya Wamongolia]] | [[Nasaba ya Ming]] | [[Milki ya Osmani]] | [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] | [[Renaissance]] | [[Vita ya miaka 30]] | [[Viking]] ==Kisasa== | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Marekani]] | [[Apartheid]] | [[Dola la Uingereza]] | [[Vita baridi]] | [[Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] | [[Mdororo Mkuu]] | [[Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya]] | [[Mapinduzi ya viwandani]] | [[Vita ya Korea]] | [[Dola la Tatu]] | [[Mapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917]] | [[Nasaba ya Qing]] | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Hispania]] | [[Mkataba wa Versailles]] | [[Vita ya Vietnam]] | [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] | [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] =Jiografia= | [[Jiografia]] | [[mji mkuu]] | [[jiji]] | [[bara]] | [[nchi]] | [[jangwa]] | [[Earth science]] | [[ramani]] | [[ncha ya kaskazini]] | [[bahari]] | [[msitu wa mvua]] | [[mto]] | [[ziwa]] | [[ncha ya kusini]] ==Bara na kanda== | [[Afrika]] | [[Antaktiki]] | [[Asia]] | [[Ulaya]] | [[Amerika ya Kilatini]] | [[Mashariki ya Kati]] | [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] | [[Australia na Pasifiki]] | [[Amerika ya Kusini]] == Nchi== | [[Afghanistan]] | [[Algeria]] | [[Argentina]] | [[Australia]] | [[Austria]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[Ubelgiji]] | [[Brazil]] | [[Kanada]] | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | [[Kuba]] | [[Misri]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Ufaransa]] | [[Ujerumani]] | [[Ugiriki]] | [[India]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[Iran]] | [[Iraq]] | [[Ueire]] | [[Israeli]] | [[Italia]] | [[Japani]] | [[Mexico]] | [[Uholanzi]] | [[New Zealand]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[Polandi]] | [[Urusi]] | [[Ureno]] | [[Saudia]] | [[Singapur]] | [[Afrika Kusini]] | [[Korea ya Kusini]] | [[Hispania]] | [[Sudan]] | [[Uswisi]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[Uthai]] | [[Uturuki]] | [[Ukraine]] | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | [[Ufalme wa Maungano]] | [[Marekani]] | [[Vatikan]] | [[Vietnam]] == Miji== | [[Amsterdam]] | [[Athens]] | [[Baghdad]] | [[Bangkok]] | [[Beijing]] | [[Beirut]] | [[Berlin]] | [[Brisbane]] | [[Brussels]] | [[Buenos Aires]] | [[Kairo]] | [[Canberra]] | [[Cape Town]] | [[Dameski]] | [[Dar es Salaam]] | [[Dublin]] | [[Edinburgh]] | [[Firenze]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[Istanbul]] | [[Jakarta]] | [[Jerusalem]] | [[Karachi]] | [[Kyoto]] | [[Los Angeles]] | [[London]] | [[Mecca]] | [[Melbourne]] | [[Mexico City]] | [[Milano]] | [[Moscow]] | [[Mumbai]] | [[Nairobi]] | [[Napoli]] | [[New Delhi]] | [[New York City]] | [[Paris]] | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | [[Roma]] | [[Sankt Peterburg]] | [[Seoul]] | [[Shanghai]] | [[Singapur]] | [[Sydney]] | [[Tehran]] | [[Tel Aviv]] | [[Tokyo]] | [[Venezia]] | [[Vienna]] | [[Washington D.C. ]] == Magimba ya maji (bahari, maziwa, mito)== | [[Amazonas]] | [[Ziwa Aral]] | [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] | [[Atlantiki]] | [[Baltiki]] | [[Bahari Nyeusi]] | [[Bahari ya Karibi]] | [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] | [[Kongo (mto)]] | [[Danubi (mto)]] | [[Bahari ya Chumvi]] | [[Ganga (mto)]] | [[Great Barrier Reef]] | [[Maziwa makubwa ya Amerika Kaskazini]] | [[Bahari Hindi]] | [[Indus (mto)]] | [[Baikal (ziwa)]] | [[Tanganyika (ziwa)]] | [[Viktoria Nyanza]] | [[Mediteranea]] | [[Mississippi (mto)]] | [[Maporomoko ya Niagara]] | [[Niger (mto)]] | [[Nile]] | [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] | [[Pasifiki]] | [[Mfereji wa Panama]] | [[Rhine (mto)]] | [[Mfereji wa Suez]] | [[Bahari ya Kusini]] | [[Volga (mto)]] | [[Yangtze (mto)]] == Milima, mabonde, majangwa== | [[Alpi]] | [[Andes]] | [[Himalaya]] | [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] | [[Mount Everest]] | [[Rocky Mountains]] | [[Sahara]] = Jamii= | [[Jamii]] | [[Ustaarabu]] | [[Elimu]] == Familia na ndugu== | [[Familia]] | [[Mtoto]] | [[Mume]] | [[Ndoa]] | [[Mke]] == Dhana, fikra, hisia == | [[Mwenendo]] | [[Hisia]] | [[Upendo]] | [[Fikra]] == Siasa == | [[Siasa]] | [[Uanakisti]] | [[Ukoloni]] | [[Ukomunisti]] | [[Conservatism]] | [[Demokrasia]] | [[Udikteta]] | [[Diplomasia]] | [[Ufashisti]] | [[Globalization]] | [[Serikali]] | [[Itikadi]] | [[Imperialism]] | [[Liberalism]] | [[Umarx]] | [[Ufalme]] | [[Uzalendo]] | [[Unazi]] | [[Jamhuri]] | [[Ujamaa]] | [[Dola]] | [[chama cha kisiasa]] | [[Propaganda]] | [[ugaidi]] == Uchumi na biashara== | [[Uchumi]] | [[Kilimo]] | [[Mtaji]] | [[Ubepari]] | [[Pesa]] | [[Euro]] | [[Yen]] | [[Dolar]] | [[Industry]] | [[Fedha za kigeni]] | [[Kodi]] == Sheria == | [[Sheria]] | [[Katiba]] == Mashirika ya kimataifa== | [[Umoja wa Afrika]] | [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]] | [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] | [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] | [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] | [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] | [[Shirika za msalaba mwekundu na hilali nyekundu]] | [[NATO]] | [[Tuzo ya Nobel]] | [[OPEC]] | [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] | [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] | [[Mahakama Kuu ya Kimataifa]] (International Court Of Justice) | [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]] | [[UNESCO]] | [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] | [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) | [[Benki ya Dunia]] | [[World Trade Organization]] == Vita na jeshi== | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] | [[Jeshi]] | [[Amani]] | [[Vita]] == Mambo ya kijamii== | [[Kutoa mimba]] | [[Adhabu ya kifo]] | [[Haki za binadamu]] | [[Ubaguzi wa kimbari]] | [[Utumwa]] | [[Utamaduni]] =Utamaduni= | [[Utamaduni]] | [[Sanaa]] | [[Katuni]] | [[Uchoraji]] | [[Upigaji picha]] | [[Uchongaji]] | [[Ufinyanzi]] | [[Ngoma]] | [[Fashion]] | [[Theatre]] | [[Sherehe ya Filamu ya Cannes]] == Lugha na fasihi== | [[Lugha]] | [[Alfabeti]] | [[Mwandiko wa Kichina]] | [[Kisirili|Alfabeti ya Kisirili]] | [[alfabeti ya Kigiriki]] | [[alfabeti ya Kilatini]] | [[Herufi]] | [[Sarufi]] | [[Nomino]] | [[Kitenzi]] | [[Isimu]] | [[Literacy]] | [[Fasihi]] | [[Nathari]] | [[Bunilizi]] | [[Riwaya]] | [[Alfu Lela U Lela]] | [[Ushairi]] | [[Utenzi wa Gilgamesh]] | [[Ilias]] | [[Mahabharata]] | [[Ramayana]] | [[Matamshi]] ===Lugha mbalimbali=== | [[Kiarabu]] | [[Kibengali]] | [[Kichina]] | [[Kiingereza]] | [[Kiesperanto]] | [[Kifaransa]] | [[Kijerumani]] | [[Kigiriki]] | [[Kiebrania]] | [[Kihindi]] | [[Kiitalia]] | [[Kijapani]] | [[Kilatini]] | [[Kiajemi]] | [[Kirusi]] | [[Kisanskrit]] | [[Kihispania]] | [[Kitamil]] | [[Kituruki]] | [[Neno]] | [[Mwandiko]] ==Usanifu na uhandisi== | [[Usanifu]] | [[Arch]] | [[Daraja]] | [[Mfereji]] | [[Lambo]] | [[Kuba (jengo)]] | [[Nyumba]] ===Majengo maalumu=== | [[Lambo la Aswan]] | [[Burj Dubai]] | [[Koloseo]] | [[Ukuta wa China]] | [[Mnara wa Eiffel]] | [[Empire State Building]] | [[Hagia Sophia]] | [[Mount Rushmore]] | [[Parthenon]] | [[Piramidi za Giza]] | [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]] | [[Statue of Liberty]] | [[Taj Mahal]] | [[Pyramidi]] | [[Mnara]] == Filamu, redio na TV== | [[Filamu]] | [[Katuni]] | [[Redio]] | [[Televisheni]] ==Muziki== | [[Muziki]] | [[Wimbo]] | [[Blues]] | [[Muziki wa Klasiki]] | [[Opera]] | [[Simphoni]] | [[Muziki elektroniki]] | [[Muziki wa Asili]] | [[Jazz]] | [[Reggae]] | [[Rhythm and blues]] | [[Muziki wa Rock]] | [[Muziki wa kizazi kipya]] | [[Ngoma]] | [[Filimbi]] | [[Gitaa]] | [[Kinanda]] | [[Tarumbeta]] | [[Zeze]] ==Michezo== | [[Game]] | [[Backgammon]] | [[Chess]] | [[Go]] | [[Playing card]] | [[Kamari]] | [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] | [[Judo]] | [[Karate]] | [[Michezo ya Olympiki]] | [[Michezo]] | [[Riadha]] | [[Auto racing]] | [[Baseball]] | [[Basketball]] | [[Cricket]] | [[Fencing]] | [[Mpira wa miguu]] | [[Golf]] | [[Horse racing]] | [[Ice hockey]] | [[Tennis]] | [[Wrestling]] | [[Toy]] == Dhana juu ya dunia na dini== | [[Deity]] | [[Mungu]] | [[Mythology]] ===Mielekeo ya kifalsafa=== | [[Atheism]] | [[Fundamentalism]] | [[Materialism]] | [[Monotheism]] | [[Polytheism]] | [[Nafsi]] | [[Dini]] ===Dini mbalimbali=== | [[Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Ubuddha]] | [[Ukristo]] | [[Kanisa Katoliki]] | [[Ukonfusio]] | [[Uhindu]] | [[Uislamu]] | [[Ujain]] | [[Uyahudi]] | [[Ushinto]] | [[Kalasinga]] | [[Utao]] | [[Voodoo]] | [[Uzoroaster]] | [[Maisha ya kiroho]] == Falsafa== | [[Falsafa]] | [[Beauty]] | [[Upembuzi]] | [[Maadili]] | [[Epistemology]] | [[Ufeministi]] | [[Hiari]] | [[Knowledge]] | [[Logic]] | [[Mind]] | [[Morality]] | [[Reality]] | [[Truth]] =Sayansi= | [[Sayansi]] ===Astronomia=== | [[Falaki]] | [[Asteroidi]] | [[Big Bang]] | [[Black hole]] | [[Kometi]] | [[Galaksi]] | [[Milky Way]] | [[Mwakanuru]] | [[Mwezi (gimba la angani)]] | [[Sayari]] | [[Dunia]] | [[Mshtarii]] | [[Mirihi]] | [[Utaridi]] | [[Neptun]] | [[Zohali]] | [[Uranus]] | [[Zuhura]] | [[Mfumo wa jua]] | [[Nyota]] | [[Jua]] | [[Ulimwengu]] ==Biolojia== | [[Biolojia]] | [[DNA]] | [[Enzyme]] | [[Protein]] | [[Botany]] | [[Mauti]] | [[Suicide]] | [[Ecology]] | [[Endangered species]] | [[Domestication]] | [[Uhai]] | [[Uainishaji wa kisayansi]] | [[Spishi]] ===Michakato ya kibiolojia=== | [[Metabolism]] | [[Digestion]] | [[Photosynthesis]] | [[Respiration (physiology)]] | [[Evolution]] | [[Biological reproduction]] | [[Pregnancy]] | [[Sex]] | [[Mwanamke]] | [[Mwanamume]] ===Anatomia=== | [[Anatomia]] | [[Seli]] | [[Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu]] | [[Damu]] | [[Moyo]] | [[Mfumo wa homoni]] | [[Mfumo wa Mmeng'enyo wa Chakula]] | [[Colon (anatomy)]] | [[Utumbo mwembamba]] | [[Ini]] | [[Integumentary system]] | [[Titi]] | [[Ngozi]] | [[Musuli]] | [[Mfumo wa neva]] | [[Ubongo]] | [[Milango ya fahamu]] | [[Sikio]] | [[Pua]] | [[Jicho]] | [[Mfumo wa uzazi]] | [[Mfumo wa upumuaji]] | [[Mapafu]] | [[Kiunzi cha mifupa]] ===Tiba na dawa=== | [[Tiba]] | [[Uraibu]] | [[Alzheimer's disease]] | [[Kansa]] | [[Cholera]] | [[Mafua ya kawaida]] | [[Dentistry]] | [[Ulemavu]] | [[Upofu]] | [[Hearing impairment]] | [[Ugonjwa wa akili]] | [[Disease]] | [[Medication]] | [[Ethanol]] | [[Nikotini]] | [[Tumbako]] | [[Drugs]] | [[Health]] | [[Maumivu ya kichwa]] | [[Myocardial infarction]] | [[Heart disease]] | [[Malaria]] | [[Malnutrition]] | [[Obesity]] | [[Pandemic]] | [[Penicillin]] | [[Pneumonia]] | [[Poliomyelitis]] | [[Sexually transmitted disease]] | [[AIDS]] | [[Stroke]] | [[Tuberculosis]] | [[Diabetes]] | [[Virus]] | [[Influenza]] | [[Smallpox]] ===Viumbehai=== | [[Organism]] | [[Mnyama]] | [[Arthropod]] | [[Mdudu]] | [[Sisimizi]] | [[Nyuki]] | [[Kipepeo]] | [[Arachnid]] | [[Chordate]] | [[Amphibian]] | [[Chura]] | [[Ndege]] | [[Kuku]] | [[Hua]] | [[Samaki]] | [[Papa (samaki)]] | [[Mammal]] | [[Ape]] | [[Ngamia]] | [[Paka]] | [[Ng'ombe]] | [[Mbwa]] | [[Dolphin]] | [[Tembo]] | [[Farasi]] | [[Binadamu]] | [[Kondoo]] | [[Simba]] | [[Nguruwe]] | [[Nyangumi]] | [[Reptile]] | [[Dinosauri]] | [[Nyoka]] | [[Archaea]] | [[Bacteria]] | [[Fungus]] | [[Mmea]] | [[Ua]] | [[Mti]] | [[Protist]] ==Kemia== | [[Kemia]] | [[Biokemia]] | [[Kampaundi]] | [[Asidi]] | [[Besi (kemia)]] | [[Chumvi]] | [[Elementi ya kikemia]] | [[Mfumo radidia]] | [[Alumini]] | [[Kaboni]] | [[Kupri]] | [[Auri]] | [[Heli]] | [[Hidrojeni]] | [[Chuma]] | [[Neoni]] | [[Nitrojeni]] | [[Oksijeni]] | [[Fedha]] | [[Stani]] | [[Zinki]] | [[Metali]] | [[Aloi]] | [[Feleji]] | [[Kemia mahuluku]] | [[Alikoholi]] | [[Hidrati kabonia]] | [[Hormoni]] ==Phase (matter)== | [[Hali maada]] | [[Gesi]] | [[Kiowevu]] | [[Utegili (fizikia)]] | [[Mango]] == Hali ya hewa, jiolojia == | [[Banguko]] | [[Tabianchi]] | [[El Nino]] | [[Global warming]] | [[Tetemeko la ardhi]] | [[Jiolojia]] | [[Madini]] | [[Almasi]] | [[Gandunia]] | [[Mwamba (jiolojia)]] | [[Maafa asilia]] | [[Volkeno]] | [[Hali ya hewa]] | [[Wingu]] | [[Mafuriko]] | [[Tsunami]] | [[Mvua]] | [[Mvua asidia]] | [[Theluji]] | [[Tufani]] | [[Kimbunga]] == Fizikia == | [[Fizikia]] | [[Mchapuko]] | [[Atomi]] | [[Nishati]] | [[Hifadhi ya nishati]] | [[Mnururisho sumakuumeme]] | [[Mwali gama]] | [[Infraredi]] | [[Harakatiredio]] | [[Urujuanimno]] | [[Taswirangi onekani]] | [[Rangi]] | [[Kani]] | [[Sumakuumeme]] | [[Uvutano]] | [[Nuru]] | [[Sumaku]] | [[Uga sumaku]] | [[Masi]] | [[Molekuli]] | [[Umakanika kwanta]] | [[Sauti]] | [[Kasi]] | [[Kasi ya nuru]] | [[Kasi ya sauti]] | [[Nadharia ya uhusianifu]] | [[Wakati]] | [[Velositi]] | [[Uzani]] | [[Urefu]] == Wakati na Kalenda == | [[Anno Domini]] | [[Kalenda]] | [[Kalenda ya Gregori]] | [[Karne]] | [[Siku]] | [[Dakika]] | [[Milenia]] | [[Mwezi (wakati)]] | [[Ukanda wa wakati]] | [[Wiki]] | [[Mwaka]] = Teknolojia= | [[Teknolojia]] | [[Biotechnology]] | [[Mavazi]] | [[Pamba]] | [[Uhandisi]] | [[Wenzo]] | [[Roda]] | [[Sukurubu]] | [[Wedge (mechanics)]] | [[Wheel]] | [[Umwagiliaji]] | [[Plau]] | [[Ufuaji metali]] | [[Teknolojia ya nano]] == Mawasiliano== | [[Mawasiliano]] | [[Kitabu]] | [[Habari]] | [[Kamusi elezo]] | [[Uandishi wa habari]] | [[Gazeti]] | [[Vyombo vya habari]] | [[Uchapishaji]] | [[Reli]] | [[Simu]] ==Elektroniki== | [[Elektroniki]] | [[Mkondo wa umeme]] | [[Marudio]] | [[Kapasita]] | [[Kidukizi]] | [[Transista]] | [[Diode]] | [[Kikinza]] | [[Transfoma]] == Kompyuta na tovuti== | [[Kompyuta]] | [[Diski kuu]] | [[CPU]] | [[RAM]] | [[Artificial Intelligence]] | [[Information technology]] | [[Algorithm]] | [[Tovuti]] | [[Email]] | [[World Wide Web]] | [[Operating system]] | [[Programming language]] | [[Software]] | [[User interface]] == Nishati na mafuta== | [[Energy (technology)]] | [[Renewable energy]] | [[Electricity]] | [[Nuclear power]] | [[Fossil fuel]] | [[Internal combustion engine]] | [[Injini ya mvuke]] | [[Moto]] == Malighafi== | [[Kioo]] | [[Karatasi]] | [[Plastiki]] | [[Ubao]] == Usafiri== | [[Usafiri]] | [[Ndege (uanahewa)]] | [[Motokaa]] | [[Baisikeli]] | [[Boti]] | [[Meli]] | [[Treni]] == Silaha== | [[Silaha]] | [[Kilipukaji]] | [[Baruti]] | [[Bunduki]] | [[Bombomu]] | [[Silaha ya nyuklia]] | [[Upanga]] | [[Kifaru (jeshi)]] = Vyakula = | [[Chakula]] | [[Mkate]] | [[Nafaka]] | [[Shayiri]] | [[Mhindi]] | [[Oti]] | [[Mpunga]] | [[Ngano nyekundu]] | [[Mtama]] | [[Ngano]] | [[Jibini]] | [[Chokoleti]] | [[Asali]] | [[Tunda]] | [[Tofaa]] | [[Ndizi]] | [[Zabibu]] | [[Jamii kunde]] | [[Soya]] | [[Limau]] | [[Jozi]] | [[Nyama]] | [[Sukari]] | [[Mboga za majani]] | [[Kiazi]] == Vinywaji== | [[Bia]] | [[Divai]] | [[Kahawa]] | [[Maziwa]] | [[Chai]] | [[Maji]] | [[Maji ya matunda]] = Hisabati= | [[Hisabati]] | [[Algebra]] | [[Arithmetic]] | [[Axiom]] | [[Calculus]] | [[Jiometria]] | [[Duara]] | [[Pai]] | [[Mraba]] | [[Pembetatu]] | [[Group theory]] | [[Thibitisho la kihisabati]] | [[Namba]] | [[Namba changamano]] | [[Integer]] | [[Namba asilia]] | [[Namba tasa]] | [[Rational number]] | [[Infinity]] | [[Nadharia ya seti]] | [[Takwimu]] | [[Trigonometria]] ==Vipimo== | [[Upimaji]] | [[Joule]] | [[Kilogramu]] | [[Lita]] | [[Mita]] | [[Newton]] | [[SI]] | [[Volt]] | [[Watt]] | [[Sekunde]] | [[Kelvini]] nmuym56y9nfs2ychw0g6puzcsbztqfw 1568943 1568942 2026-06-08T13:10:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Makala za msingi - orodha ya meta Feb 2008]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]]: usahihi wa jina 1568942 wikitext text/x-wiki Hii ni tafsiri ya [[w:m:List of_articles all languages should have]] orodha ya Kiingereza ya makala 1,000 za msingi kutoka meta:wikipedia] ya Februari 2008. Hadi Novemba 2019 idadi kubwa imetafsiriwa, pia orodha imebadilishwa mara kadhaa. Mapengo ya sasa ni 10 tu, ni haya yafuatayo: [[d:Q11372|physical chemistry]] , [[d:Q11382|conservation of energy]] , [[d:Q11415|strong interaction]] , [[d:Q11418|weak interaction]] , [[d:Q11452|general relativity]] , [[d:Q7754|mathematical analysis]] , [[d:Q11216|numerical analysis]] , [[d:Q11348|function]] , [[d:Q205|infinity]] , [[d:Q9135|operating system]] Pamoja na hayo ya juu, inafaa tuangalie sasa orodha ya [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have/Expanded orodha ya makala 10,000 za msingi kutoka meta:wikipedia]. Hapo tumeshapata karibu makala 4,000, lakini bado zaidi kidogo ya 6,000 zinakosekana. Hata kama si kila moja ni mada ya kuvutia sana, bado makala hizo ni kiunzi cha elimu ya msingi! Karibuni kuchangia. Wanaopenda jiografia, basi mtumie orodha ya sehemu yake iliyoswahilishwa kisehemu [[Mtumiaji:Kipala/10000_list_Geography]] na jitahidini kumaliza maneno mekundu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 22:25, 21 Septemba 2019 (UTC) =Wasifu= ==Waigizaji== | [[Brigitte Bardot]] | [[Sarah Bernhardt]] | [[Marlon Brando]] | [[Charlie Chaplin]] | [[Marlene Dietrich]] | [[Marx Brothers]] | [[Marilyn Monroe]] ==Wasanii== | [[Pieter Brueghel Mzee]] | [[Le Corbusier]] | [[Leonardo da Vinci]] | [[Salvador Dalí]] | [[Donatello]] | [[Albrecht Dürer]] | [[Vincent van Gogh]] | [[Francisco Goya]] | [[Frida Kahlo]] | [[Henri Matisse]] | [[Michelangelo]] | [[I. M. Pei]] | [[Pablo Picasso]] | [[Raphael]] | [[Rembrandt]] | [[Peter Paul Rubens]] | [[Diego Velázquez]] | [[Andy Warhol]] | [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] ==Waandishi== | [[Abu Nuwas]] | [[Matsuo Bashō]] | [[Jorge Luis Borges]] | [[George Byron]] | [[Luís de Camões]] | [[Miguel de Cervantes]] | [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] | [[Anton Chekhov]] | [[Arnaut Daniel]] | [[Dante Alighieri]] | [[Rubén Darío]] | [[Charles Dickens]] | [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] | [[Firdusi]] | [[Fuzulî]] | [[Gabriel Garcia Marquez]] | [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] | [[Homer]] | [[Horatius]] | [[Victor Hugo]] | [[Henrik Ibsen]] | [[James Joyce]] | [[Franz Kafka]] | [[Kālidāsa]] | [[Omar Khayyam]] | [[Li Bai]] | [[Naguib Mahfouz]] | [[Molière]] | [[Vladimir Nabokov]] | [[Ovid]] | [[Munshi Premchand]] | [[Marcel Proust]] | [[Alexander Pushkin]] | [[Arthur Rimbaud]] | [[Shota Rustaveli]] | [[Jose Saramago]] | [[Sappho]] | [[William Shakespeare]] | [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]] | [[Sophokles]] | [[Snorri Sturluson]] | [[Leo Tolstoy]] | [[Mark Twain]] | [[Virgil]] | [[William Wordsworth]] | [[Wu Cheng'en]] ==Wanamuziki== | [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] | [[The Beatles]] | [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] | [[Hector Berlioz]] | [[Anton Bruckner]] | [[Johannes Brahms]] | [[Frédéric Chopin]] | [[Antonín Dvořák]] | [[Georg Friederich Händel]] | [[Jimi Hendrix]] | [[Gustav Mahler]] | [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] | [[Giacomo Puccini]] | [[Elvis Presley]] | [[The Rolling Stones]] | [[Franz Schubert]] | [[Jean Sibelius]] | [[Bedřich Smetana]] | [[Robert Schumann]] | [[Igor Stravinsky]] | [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] | [[Giuseppe Verdi]] | [[Antonio Vivaldi]] | [[Richard Wagner]] ==Wapelelezi== | [[Roald Amundsen]] | [[Neil Armstrong]] | [[Jacques Cartier]] | [[Christopher Columbus]] | [[James Cook]] | [[Hernán Cortés]] | [[Yuri Gagarin]] | [[Vasco da Gama]] | [[Ferdinand Magellan]] | [[Marco Polo]] | [[Zheng He]] | [[Alexander von Humboldt]] ==Waongozaji wa filamu na waandishi wa muswada andishi== | [[Ingmar Bergman]] | [[Walt Disney]] | [[Federico Fellini]] | [[Alfred Hitchcock]] | [[Stanley Kubrick]] | [[Akira Kurosawa]] | [[George Lucas]] | [[Steven Spielberg]] ==Wanasayansi, wavumbuzi== | [[Archimedes]] | [[Tim Berners|Lee]] | [[Tycho Brahe]] | [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] | [[Marie Curie]] | [[Charles Darwin]] | [[Thomas Edison]] | [[Albert Einstein]] | [[Euclid]] | [[Leonard Euler]] | [[Michael Faraday]] | [[Enrico Fermi]] | [[Fibonacci]] | [[Henry Ford]] | [[Joseph Fourier]] | [[Galileo Galilei]] | [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] | [[Johann Gutenberg]] | [[Ernst Haeckel]] | [[James Prescott Joule]] | [[Johannes Kepler]] | [[John Maynard Keynes]] | [[Khwarizmi]] | [[Gottfried Leibniz]] | [[Carolus Linnaeus]] | [[James Clerk Maxwell]] | [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] | [[John von Neumann]] | [[Isaac Newton]] | [[Blaise Pascal]] | [[Louis Pasteur]] | [[Max Planck]] | [[Pythagoras]] | [[Ernest Rutherford]] | [[Erwin Schrödinger]] | [[Richard Stallman]] | [[Nikola Tesla]] | [[Alan Turing]] | [[James Watt]] ==Wataalamu wa kijamii, wanafalsafa, wanahistoria, wanauchumi== | [[Thomas Aquinas]] | [[Aristoteles]] | [[Agostino wa Hippo]] | [[Avicenna]] | [[Giordano Bruno]] | [[Simone de Beauvoir]] | [[Noam Chomsky]] | [[René Descartes]] | [[Émile Durkheim]] | [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] | [[Sigmund Freud]] | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] | [[Herodotus]] | [[Hippokrates]] | [[Immanuel Kant]] | [[John Locke]] | [[Martin Luther]] | [[Rosa Luxemburg]] | [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] | [[Karl Marx]] | [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] | [[Paulo wa Tarso]] | [[Plato]] | [[Pythagoras]] | [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] | [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] | [[Adam Smith]] | [[Sokrates]] | [[Sun Tzu]] | [[Voltaire]] | [[Max Weber]] | [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] ==Wanasiasa, viongozi, makabaila== | [[Akbar]] | [[Alexander Mkuu]] | [[Kemal Atatürk]] | [[Augustus]] | [[David Ben Gurion]] | [[Otto von Bismarck]] | [[Simón Bolívar]] | [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] | [[George W. Bush]] | [[Julius Caesar]] | [[Charlemagne]] | [[Winston Churchill]] | [[Malkia Cixi]] | [[Kleopatra]] | [[Konstantino Mkuu]] | [[Charles de Gaulle]] | [[Indira Gandhi]] | [[Elizabeth I wa Uingereza]] | [[Genghis Khan]] | [[Haile Selassie]] | [[Hirohito]] | [[Adolf Hitler]] | [[Vladimir Lenin]] | [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa]] | [[Nelson Mandela]] | [[Mao Zedong]] | [[Benito Mussolini]] | [[Kwame Nkrumah]] | [[Peter I wa Urusi]] | [[Qin Shi Huang]] | [[Salah ad Din]] | [[Joseph Stalin]] | [[Margaret Thatcher]] | [[Victoria wa Uingereza]] | [[George Washington]] ==Watu wa dini== | [[Abrahamu]] | [[Musa]] | [[Yesu]] | [[Muhammad]] | [[Buddha]] ==Wanamapinduzi, wanaharakati== | [[Mahatma Gandhi]] | [[Emma Goldman]] | [[Joan of Arc]] | [[Helen Keller]] | [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] | [[Mama Teresa]] | [[Florence Nightingale]] | [[Che Guevara]] =Historia= | [[Historia]] == Dunia ya kale (hadi 500 BK) == | [[Historia ya awali]] | [[Zama za Mawe]] | [[Zama za Shaba]] | [[Zama za Chuma]] | [[Mesopotamia]] | [[Misri ya Kale]] | [[Ugiriki ya Kale]] | [[Dola la Roma]] ==Enzi ya Kati | Mwanzo wa Kisasa== | [[Zama za Mwangaza]] | [[Azteki]] | [[Milki ya Bizanti]] | [[Vita za Misalaba]] | [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]] | [[Vita ya miaka 100]] | [[Enzi ya Kati]] | [[Milki ya Wamongolia]] | [[Nasaba ya Ming]] | [[Milki ya Osmani]] | [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] | [[Renaissance]] | [[Vita ya miaka 30]] | [[Viking]] ==Kisasa== | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Marekani]] | [[Apartheid]] | [[Dola la Uingereza]] | [[Vita baridi]] | [[Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] | [[Mdororo Mkuu]] | [[Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya]] | [[Mapinduzi ya viwandani]] | [[Vita ya Korea]] | [[Dola la Tatu]] | [[Mapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917]] | [[Nasaba ya Qing]] | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Hispania]] | [[Mkataba wa Versailles]] | [[Vita ya Vietnam]] | [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] | [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] =Jiografia= | [[Jiografia]] | [[mji mkuu]] | [[jiji]] | [[bara]] | [[nchi]] | [[jangwa]] | [[Earth science]] | [[ramani]] | [[ncha ya kaskazini]] | [[bahari]] | [[msitu wa mvua]] | [[mto]] | [[ziwa]] | [[ncha ya kusini]] ==Bara na kanda== | [[Afrika]] | [[Antaktiki]] | [[Asia]] | [[Ulaya]] | [[Amerika ya Kilatini]] | [[Mashariki ya Kati]] | [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] | [[Australia na Pasifiki]] | [[Amerika ya Kusini]] == Nchi== | [[Afghanistan]] | [[Algeria]] | [[Argentina]] | [[Australia]] | [[Austria]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[Ubelgiji]] | [[Brazil]] | [[Kanada]] | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | [[Kuba]] | [[Misri]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[Ufaransa]] | [[Ujerumani]] | [[Ugiriki]] | [[India]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[Iran]] | [[Iraq]] | [[Ueire]] | [[Israeli]] | [[Italia]] | [[Japani]] | [[Mexico]] | [[Uholanzi]] | [[New Zealand]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[Polandi]] | [[Urusi]] | [[Ureno]] | [[Saudia]] | [[Singapur]] | [[Afrika Kusini]] | [[Korea ya Kusini]] | [[Hispania]] | [[Sudan]] | [[Uswisi]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[Uthai]] | [[Uturuki]] | [[Ukraine]] | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | [[Ufalme wa Maungano]] | [[Marekani]] | [[Vatikan]] | [[Vietnam]] == Miji== | [[Amsterdam]] | [[Athens]] | [[Baghdad]] | [[Bangkok]] | [[Beijing]] | [[Beirut]] | [[Berlin]] | [[Brisbane]] | [[Brussels]] | [[Buenos Aires]] | [[Kairo]] | [[Canberra]] | [[Cape Town]] | [[Dameski]] | [[Dar es Salaam]] | [[Dublin]] | [[Edinburgh]] | [[Firenze]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[Istanbul]] | [[Jakarta]] | [[Jerusalem]] | [[Karachi]] | [[Kyoto]] | [[Los Angeles]] | [[London]] | [[Mecca]] | [[Melbourne]] | [[Mexico City]] | [[Milano]] | [[Moscow]] | [[Mumbai]] | [[Nairobi]] | [[Napoli]] | [[New Delhi]] | [[New York City]] | [[Paris]] | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | [[Roma]] | [[Sankt Peterburg]] | [[Seoul]] | [[Shanghai]] | [[Singapur]] | [[Sydney]] | [[Tehran]] | [[Tel Aviv]] | [[Tokyo]] | [[Venezia]] | [[Vienna]] | [[Washington D.C. ]] == Magimba ya maji (bahari, maziwa, mito)== | [[Amazonas]] | [[Ziwa Aral]] | [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] | [[Atlantiki]] | [[Baltiki]] | [[Bahari Nyeusi]] | [[Bahari ya Karibi]] | [[Bahari ya Kaspi]] | [[Kongo (mto)]] | [[Danubi (mto)]] | [[Bahari ya Chumvi]] | [[Ganga (mto)]] | [[Great Barrier Reef]] | [[Maziwa makubwa ya Amerika Kaskazini]] | [[Bahari Hindi]] | [[Indus (mto)]] | [[Baikal (ziwa)]] | [[Tanganyika (ziwa)]] | [[Viktoria Nyanza]] | [[Mediteranea]] | [[Mississippi (mto)]] | [[Maporomoko ya Niagara]] | [[Niger (mto)]] | [[Nile]] | [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] | [[Pasifiki]] | [[Mfereji wa Panama]] | [[Rhine (mto)]] | [[Mfereji wa Suez]] | [[Bahari ya Kusini]] | [[Volga (mto)]] | [[Yangtze (mto)]] == Milima, mabonde, majangwa== | [[Alpi]] | [[Andes]] | [[Himalaya]] | [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] | [[Mount Everest]] | [[Rocky Mountains]] | [[Sahara]] = Jamii= | [[Jamii]] | [[Ustaarabu]] | [[Elimu]] == Familia na ndugu== | [[Familia]] | [[Mtoto]] | [[Mume]] | [[Ndoa]] | [[Mke]] == Dhana, fikra, hisia == | [[Mwenendo]] | [[Hisia]] | [[Upendo]] | [[Fikra]] == Siasa == | [[Siasa]] | [[Uanakisti]] | [[Ukoloni]] | [[Ukomunisti]] | [[Conservatism]] | [[Demokrasia]] | [[Udikteta]] | [[Diplomasia]] | [[Ufashisti]] | [[Globalization]] | [[Serikali]] | [[Itikadi]] | [[Imperialism]] | [[Liberalism]] | [[Umarx]] | [[Ufalme]] | [[Uzalendo]] | [[Unazi]] | [[Jamhuri]] | [[Ujamaa]] | [[Dola]] | [[chama cha kisiasa]] | [[Propaganda]] | [[ugaidi]] == Uchumi na biashara== | [[Uchumi]] | [[Kilimo]] | [[Mtaji]] | [[Ubepari]] | [[Pesa]] | [[Euro]] | [[Yen]] | [[Dolar]] | [[Industry]] | [[Fedha za kigeni]] | [[Kodi]] == Sheria == | [[Sheria]] | [[Katiba]] == Mashirika ya kimataifa== | [[Umoja wa Afrika]] | [[Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]] | [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] | [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] | [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] | [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] | [[Shirika za msalaba mwekundu na hilali nyekundu]] | [[NATO]] | [[Tuzo ya Nobel]] | [[OPEC]] | [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] | [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] | [[Mahakama Kuu ya Kimataifa]] (International Court Of Justice) | [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]] | [[UNESCO]] | [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] | [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) | [[Benki ya Dunia]] | [[World Trade Organization]] == Vita na jeshi== | [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] | [[Jeshi]] | [[Amani]] | [[Vita]] == Mambo ya kijamii== | [[Kutoa mimba]] | [[Adhabu ya kifo]] | [[Haki za binadamu]] | [[Ubaguzi wa kimbari]] | [[Utumwa]] | [[Utamaduni]] =Utamaduni= | [[Utamaduni]] | [[Sanaa]] | [[Katuni]] | [[Uchoraji]] | [[Upigaji picha]] | [[Uchongaji]] | [[Ufinyanzi]] | [[Ngoma]] | [[Fashion]] | [[Theatre]] | [[Sherehe ya Filamu ya Cannes]] == Lugha na fasihi== | [[Lugha]] | [[Alfabeti]] | [[Mwandiko wa Kichina]] | [[Kisirili|Alfabeti ya Kisirili]] | [[alfabeti ya Kigiriki]] | [[alfabeti ya Kilatini]] | [[Herufi]] | [[Sarufi]] | [[Nomino]] | [[Kitenzi]] | [[Isimu]] | [[Literacy]] | [[Fasihi]] | [[Nathari]] | [[Bunilizi]] | [[Riwaya]] | [[Alfu Lela U Lela]] | [[Ushairi]] | [[Utenzi wa Gilgamesh]] | [[Ilias]] | [[Mahabharata]] | [[Ramayana]] | [[Matamshi]] ===Lugha mbalimbali=== | [[Kiarabu]] | [[Kibengali]] | [[Kichina]] | [[Kiingereza]] | [[Kiesperanto]] | [[Kifaransa]] | [[Kijerumani]] | [[Kigiriki]] | [[Kiebrania]] | [[Kihindi]] | [[Kiitalia]] | [[Kijapani]] | [[Kilatini]] | [[Kiajemi]] | [[Kirusi]] | [[Kisanskrit]] | [[Kihispania]] | [[Kitamil]] | [[Kituruki]] | [[Neno]] | [[Mwandiko]] ==Usanifu na uhandisi== | [[Usanifu]] | [[Arch]] | [[Daraja]] | [[Mfereji]] | [[Lambo]] | [[Kuba (jengo)]] | [[Nyumba]] ===Majengo maalumu=== | [[Lambo la Aswan]] | [[Burj Dubai]] | [[Koloseo]] | [[Ukuta wa China]] | [[Mnara wa Eiffel]] | [[Empire State Building]] | [[Hagia Sophia]] | [[Mount Rushmore]] | [[Parthenon]] | [[Piramidi za Giza]] | [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]] | [[Statue of Liberty]] | [[Taj Mahal]] | [[Pyramidi]] | [[Mnara]] == Filamu, redio na TV== | [[Filamu]] | [[Katuni]] | [[Redio]] | [[Televisheni]] ==Muziki== | [[Muziki]] | [[Wimbo]] | [[Blues]] | [[Muziki wa Klasiki]] | [[Opera]] | [[Simphoni]] | [[Muziki elektroniki]] | [[Muziki wa Asili]] | [[Jazz]] | [[Reggae]] | [[Rhythm and blues]] | [[Muziki wa Rock]] | [[Muziki wa kizazi kipya]] | [[Ngoma]] | [[Filimbi]] | [[Gitaa]] | [[Kinanda]] | [[Tarumbeta]] | [[Zeze]] ==Michezo== | [[Game]] | [[Backgammon]] | [[Chess]] | [[Go]] | [[Playing card]] | [[Kamari]] | [[Sanaa ya mapigano]] | [[Judo]] | [[Karate]] | [[Michezo ya Olympiki]] | [[Michezo]] | [[Riadha]] | [[Auto racing]] | [[Baseball]] | [[Basketball]] | [[Cricket]] | [[Fencing]] | [[Mpira wa miguu]] | [[Golf]] | [[Horse racing]] | [[Ice hockey]] | [[Tennis]] | [[Wrestling]] | [[Toy]] == Dhana juu ya dunia na dini== | [[Deity]] | [[Mungu]] | [[Mythology]] ===Mielekeo ya kifalsafa=== | [[Atheism]] | [[Fundamentalism]] | [[Materialism]] | [[Monotheism]] | [[Polytheism]] | [[Nafsi]] | [[Dini]] ===Dini mbalimbali=== | [[Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Ubuddha]] | [[Ukristo]] | [[Kanisa Katoliki]] | [[Ukonfusio]] | [[Uhindu]] | [[Uislamu]] | [[Ujain]] | [[Uyahudi]] | [[Ushinto]] | [[Kalasinga]] | [[Utao]] | [[Voodoo]] | [[Uzoroaster]] | [[Maisha ya kiroho]] == Falsafa== | [[Falsafa]] | [[Beauty]] | [[Upembuzi]] | [[Maadili]] | [[Epistemology]] | [[Ufeministi]] | [[Hiari]] | [[Knowledge]] | [[Logic]] | [[Mind]] | [[Morality]] | [[Reality]] | [[Truth]] =Sayansi= | [[Sayansi]] ===Astronomia=== | [[Falaki]] | [[Asteroidi]] | [[Big Bang]] | [[Black hole]] | [[Kometi]] | [[Galaksi]] | [[Milky Way]] | [[Mwakanuru]] | [[Mwezi (gimba la angani)]] | [[Sayari]] | [[Dunia]] | [[Mshtarii]] | [[Mirihi]] | [[Utaridi]] | [[Neptun]] | [[Zohali]] | [[Uranus]] | [[Zuhura]] | [[Mfumo wa jua]] | [[Nyota]] | [[Jua]] | [[Ulimwengu]] ==Biolojia== | [[Biolojia]] | [[DNA]] | [[Enzyme]] | [[Protein]] | [[Botany]] | [[Mauti]] | [[Suicide]] | [[Ecology]] | [[Endangered species]] | [[Domestication]] | [[Uhai]] | [[Uainishaji wa kisayansi]] | [[Spishi]] ===Michakato ya kibiolojia=== | [[Metabolism]] | [[Digestion]] | [[Photosynthesis]] | [[Respiration (physiology)]] | [[Evolution]] | [[Biological reproduction]] | [[Pregnancy]] | [[Sex]] | [[Mwanamke]] | [[Mwanamume]] ===Anatomia=== | [[Anatomia]] | [[Seli]] | [[Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu]] | [[Damu]] | [[Moyo]] | [[Mfumo wa homoni]] | [[Mfumo wa Mmeng'enyo wa Chakula]] | [[Colon (anatomy)]] | [[Utumbo mwembamba]] | [[Ini]] | [[Integumentary system]] | [[Titi]] | [[Ngozi]] | [[Musuli]] | [[Mfumo wa neva]] | [[Ubongo]] | [[Milango ya fahamu]] | [[Sikio]] | [[Pua]] | [[Jicho]] | [[Mfumo wa uzazi]] | [[Mfumo wa upumuaji]] | [[Mapafu]] | [[Kiunzi cha mifupa]] ===Tiba na dawa=== | [[Tiba]] | [[Uraibu]] | [[Alzheimer's disease]] | [[Kansa]] | [[Cholera]] | [[Mafua ya kawaida]] | [[Dentistry]] | [[Ulemavu]] | [[Upofu]] | [[Hearing impairment]] | [[Ugonjwa wa akili]] | [[Disease]] | [[Medication]] | [[Ethanol]] | [[Nikotini]] | [[Tumbako]] | [[Drugs]] | [[Health]] | [[Maumivu ya kichwa]] | [[Myocardial infarction]] | [[Heart disease]] | [[Malaria]] | [[Malnutrition]] | [[Obesity]] | [[Pandemic]] | [[Penicillin]] | [[Pneumonia]] | [[Poliomyelitis]] | [[Sexually transmitted disease]] | [[AIDS]] | [[Stroke]] | [[Tuberculosis]] | [[Diabetes]] | [[Virus]] | [[Influenza]] | [[Smallpox]] ===Viumbehai=== | [[Organism]] | [[Mnyama]] | [[Arthropod]] | [[Mdudu]] | [[Sisimizi]] | [[Nyuki]] | [[Kipepeo]] | [[Arachnid]] | [[Chordate]] | [[Amphibian]] | [[Chura]] | [[Ndege]] | [[Kuku]] | [[Hua]] | [[Samaki]] | [[Papa (samaki)]] | [[Mammal]] | [[Ape]] | [[Ngamia]] | [[Paka]] | [[Ng'ombe]] | [[Mbwa]] | [[Dolphin]] | [[Tembo]] | [[Farasi]] | [[Binadamu]] | [[Kondoo]] | [[Simba]] | [[Nguruwe]] | [[Nyangumi]] | [[Reptile]] | [[Dinosauri]] | [[Nyoka]] | [[Archaea]] | [[Bacteria]] | [[Fungus]] | [[Mmea]] | [[Ua]] | [[Mti]] | [[Protist]] ==Kemia== | [[Kemia]] | [[Biokemia]] | [[Kampaundi]] | [[Asidi]] | [[Besi (kemia)]] | [[Chumvi]] | [[Elementi ya kikemia]] | [[Mfumo radidia]] | [[Alumini]] | [[Kaboni]] | [[Kupri]] | [[Auri]] | [[Heli]] | [[Hidrojeni]] | [[Chuma]] | [[Neoni]] | [[Nitrojeni]] | [[Oksijeni]] | [[Fedha]] | [[Stani]] | [[Zinki]] | [[Metali]] | [[Aloi]] | [[Feleji]] | [[Kemia mahuluku]] | [[Alikoholi]] | [[Hidrati kabonia]] | [[Hormoni]] ==Phase (matter)== | [[Hali maada]] | [[Gesi]] | [[Kiowevu]] | [[Utegili (fizikia)]] | [[Mango]] == Hali ya hewa, jiolojia == | [[Banguko]] | [[Tabianchi]] | [[El Nino]] | [[Global warming]] | [[Tetemeko la ardhi]] | [[Jiolojia]] | [[Madini]] | [[Almasi]] | [[Gandunia]] | [[Mwamba (jiolojia)]] | [[Maafa asilia]] | [[Volkeno]] | [[Hali ya hewa]] | [[Wingu]] | [[Mafuriko]] | [[Tsunami]] | [[Mvua]] | [[Mvua asidia]] | [[Theluji]] | [[Tufani]] | [[Kimbunga]] == Fizikia == | [[Fizikia]] | [[Mchapuko]] | [[Atomi]] | [[Nishati]] | [[Hifadhi ya nishati]] | [[Mnururisho sumakuumeme]] | [[Mwali gama]] | [[Infraredi]] | [[Harakatiredio]] | [[Urujuanimno]] | [[Taswirangi onekani]] | [[Rangi]] | [[Kani]] | [[Sumakuumeme]] | [[Uvutano]] | [[Nuru]] | [[Sumaku]] | [[Uga sumaku]] | [[Masi]] | [[Molekuli]] | [[Umakanika kwanta]] | [[Sauti]] | [[Kasi]] | [[Kasi ya nuru]] | [[Kasi ya sauti]] | [[Nadharia ya uhusianifu]] | [[Wakati]] | [[Velositi]] | [[Uzani]] | [[Urefu]] == Wakati na Kalenda == | [[Anno Domini]] | [[Kalenda]] | [[Kalenda ya Gregori]] | [[Karne]] | [[Siku]] | [[Dakika]] | [[Milenia]] | [[Mwezi (wakati)]] | [[Ukanda wa wakati]] | [[Wiki]] | [[Mwaka]] = Teknolojia= | [[Teknolojia]] | [[Biotechnology]] | [[Mavazi]] | [[Pamba]] | [[Uhandisi]] | [[Wenzo]] | [[Roda]] | [[Sukurubu]] | [[Wedge (mechanics)]] | [[Wheel]] | [[Umwagiliaji]] | [[Plau]] | [[Ufuaji metali]] | [[Teknolojia ya nano]] == Mawasiliano== | [[Mawasiliano]] | [[Kitabu]] | [[Habari]] | [[Kamusi elezo]] | [[Uandishi wa habari]] | [[Gazeti]] | [[Vyombo vya habari]] | [[Uchapishaji]] | [[Reli]] | [[Simu]] ==Elektroniki== | [[Elektroniki]] | [[Mkondo wa umeme]] | [[Marudio]] | [[Kapasita]] | [[Kidukizi]] | [[Transista]] | [[Diode]] | [[Kikinza]] | [[Transfoma]] == Kompyuta na tovuti== | [[Kompyuta]] | [[Diski kuu]] | [[CPU]] | [[RAM]] | [[Artificial Intelligence]] | [[Information technology]] | [[Algorithm]] | [[Tovuti]] | [[Email]] | [[World Wide Web]] | [[Operating system]] | [[Programming language]] | [[Software]] | [[User interface]] == Nishati na mafuta== | [[Energy (technology)]] | [[Renewable energy]] | [[Electricity]] | [[Nuclear power]] | [[Fossil fuel]] | [[Internal combustion engine]] | [[Injini ya mvuke]] | [[Moto]] == Malighafi== | [[Kioo]] | [[Karatasi]] | [[Plastiki]] | [[Ubao]] == Usafiri== | [[Usafiri]] | [[Ndege (uanahewa)]] | [[Motokaa]] | [[Baisikeli]] | [[Boti]] | [[Meli]] | [[Treni]] == Silaha== | [[Silaha]] | [[Kilipukaji]] | [[Baruti]] | [[Bunduki]] | [[Bombomu]] | [[Silaha ya nyuklia]] | [[Upanga]] | [[Kifaru (jeshi)]] = Vyakula = | [[Chakula]] | [[Mkate]] | [[Nafaka]] | [[Shayiri]] | [[Mhindi]] | [[Oti]] | [[Mpunga]] | [[Ngano nyekundu]] | [[Mtama]] | [[Ngano]] | [[Jibini]] | [[Chokoleti]] | [[Asali]] | [[Tunda]] | [[Tofaa]] | [[Ndizi]] | [[Zabibu]] | [[Jamii kunde]] | [[Soya]] | [[Limau]] | [[Jozi]] | [[Nyama]] | [[Sukari]] | [[Mboga za majani]] | [[Kiazi]] == Vinywaji== | [[Bia]] | [[Divai]] | [[Kahawa]] | [[Maziwa]] | [[Chai]] | [[Maji]] | [[Maji ya matunda]] = Hisabati= | [[Hisabati]] | [[Algebra]] | [[Arithmetic]] | [[Axiom]] | [[Calculus]] | [[Jiometria]] | [[Duara]] | [[Pai]] | [[Mraba]] | [[Pembetatu]] | [[Group theory]] | [[Thibitisho la kihisabati]] | [[Namba]] | [[Namba changamano]] | [[Integer]] | [[Namba asilia]] | [[Namba tasa]] | [[Rational number]] | [[Infinity]] | [[Nadharia ya seti]] | [[Takwimu]] | [[Trigonometria]] ==Vipimo== | [[Upimaji]] | [[Joule]] | [[Kilogramu]] | [[Lita]] | [[Mita]] | [[Newton]] | [[SI]] | [[Volt]] | [[Watt]] | [[Sekunde]] | [[Kelvini]] nmuym56y9nfs2ychw0g6puzcsbztqfw 5 15624 1568945 179064 2026-06-08T13:10:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Makala za msingi - orodha ya meta Feb 2008]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]]: usahihi wa jina 179064 wikitext text/x-wiki Ushauri: Labda hii tuipandikize juu ya sehemu ya "[[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]]" halafu hii tuifute. Kwasabu hakutakuwa na sababu ya kuwepo kwa hizi zote mbili, hii peke yake yatosha kwa lengo la kufananisha na ile ya MetaWiki. Hapo vipi?--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|"Mwanaharakati"]] ([[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|talk]]) 05:09, 6 Machi 2008 (UTC) :Nimesita lakini sasa nakubali. Nahamisha orodha hii ifike mbele. --[[User:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[User talk:Kipala|majadiliano]]) 20:20, 24 Novemba 2008 (UTC) t4pjjx4lfzykgpbdv5lqk76qmf3it54 0 16970 1569065 1349241 2026-06-09T09:57:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Silvia navarro edit.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Silvia Navarro]] '''Silvia Navarro''' ([[jina]] kamili: ''Silvia Angelica Navarro Barva''; amezaliwa [[14 Septemba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[tamthilia]] kutoka nchini [[Meksiko]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza kama Catalina katika tamthilia ya ''Catalina y Sebastian'' (1999), vilevile Elena Olivares katika tamthilia ya ''Cuando Seas Mia'' (2001). == Tamthilia alizoigiza == * Montecristo - 2006, Mexico * La Heredera - 2004, Mexico * La Duda - 2002, Mexico * Cuando Seas Mia - 2001, Mexico * La Calle de las Novias - 2000, Mexico * Catalina y Sebastian» - 1999, Mexico * Perla - 1998, Mexico == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.serials.ru/persons/en/Silvia_Navarro.html Silvia Navarro] {{Wayback|url=http://www.serials.ru/persons/en/Silvia_Navarro.html |date=20080703202716 }} katika Serial.ru {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Navarro, Silvia}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ac4hz89h4as2kr3adj504t2intplnrk 0 18479 1569063 1349240 2026-06-09T09:56:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | picha = | ukubwa wa picha = | maelezo ya picha = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1935|8|31|df=yes}} | jina la kuzaliwa = | ndoa = Julio Bracho (1955 - 1957) | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Veracruz, Veracruz]], [[Mexiko]] }} [[Picha:Rosenda Monteros The Magnificent Seven (1960).jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Rosenda Monteros]] ''' Rosenda Monteros ''' (amezaliwa [[31 Agosti]] [[1935]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] wa [[Meksiko]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza kama Petra, yule msichana aliyekutwa na Chico katika msitu, katika filamu ya [[Magnificent Seven|The Magnificent Seven]]. ==Baadhi ya filamu alizocheza== * A Woman's Devotion (1956) kacheza kama María * Villa!! (1958) kacheza kama Marianna * Nazarin (1959) kacheza kama La Prieta * [[Magnificent Seven|The Magnificent Seven]] (1960) kacheza kama Petra * Tiara Tahiti (1962) kacheza kama Belle Annie * The Mighty Jungle (1964) kacheza kama Orica * She (1965) kacheza kama Ustane * Savage Pampkacheza kama (1966) kacheza kama Rucu * The Face of Eve (1968) kacheza kama Conchita * Coleccionista de cadáveres, El (1970) kacheza kama Valerie ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|name=Rosenda Monteros |id=0599478}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monteros, Rosenda}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hao006quy3n5lgi4wy5dzteop7ym21f 0 20301 1569082 1500515 2026-06-09T10:50:12Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gairo.flac|thumb|Gairo]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Kata ya Gairo |picha_ya_satelite = |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Gairo katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Gairo|Gairo]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 12,295 |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS=S |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW=E |website = }} '''Gairo''' ni [[makao makuu]] ya [[Wilaya ya Gairo]] katika [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[Postikodi Tanzania|Postikodi namba]] 67700. Gairo uko kwenye [[Barabara Kuu|barabara kuu]] ya [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]] hadi [[Dar es Salaam]] na ni kituo cha kupitisha mizigo, pamoja na kituo cha kusafirisha [[mazao]] ya [[kilimo]] cha wilaya hiyo. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi wa [[kata]] walihesabiwa 12,684 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mwaka [[2012]], kata ya Gairo ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 33,209, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wakaguru]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-03-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080416/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2004-01-02 }}</ref> Kufikia 2002, idadi ya wakazi wa mji ilikuwa 16,982,<ref>{{Citation|title=Gairo, Tanzania|date=2021-07-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gairo,_Tanzania&oldid=1033947026|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2023-05-14}}</ref> [[kabila|Kikabila]], watu wengi ni [[Wakaguru]]. ==Maendeleo== Gairo ni mmojawapo kati ya miji ambayo inakua sana nchini na unajulikana kwa kuwa unazalisha [[mazao]] ya [[biashara]] na [[chakula]] kama vile [[viazi vitamu]], [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na vilevile kwa [[ufugaji]]. Kutokana na ukaribu wake na [[barabara kuu]] ya [[Dodoma]], mji wa Gairo umekuwa kati ya walishaji wakubwa kwa wakazi wa [[jiji]] la [[Dar es Salaam]]. Hapo zamani Gairo ilikuwa chini ya [[jimbo la uchaguzi]] la [[Kilosa]], baadaye ulipata kuwa jimbo linalojitegemea. Mnamo Machi [[2012]] umefanywa [[wilaya]]. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Gairo}} {{mbegu-jio-morogoro}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Morogoro]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Gairo]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Tanzania]] 3dqf1v2tu7xsu03fefz41crj603n1yq 0 20774 1569098 1521618 2026-06-09T11:34:59Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mwitikira.flac|thumb|Mwitikira]] '''Mwitikira''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Bahi]] katika [[Mkoa wa Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''41319'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/dodoma.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2017-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135312/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/dodoma.pdf |archivedate=2020-03-21 }}</ref>. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 9,281 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Wakati wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 7,235 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, Dodoma - Bahi DC |accessdate=2016-05-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225919/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-03 }}</ref> waishio humo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Bahi}} {{mbegu-jio-dodoma}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Dodoma]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bahi]] 52kopqnc51vfgovjrnjev31jipohkam 0 21118 1569092 1529395 2026-06-09T11:24:24Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meatu.flac|thumb|Meatu]] [[Picha:Tanzania Meatu location map.svg|thumb|250px|Mahali pa Meatu (kijani cheusi) katika [[mkoa wa Shinyanga]] kabla haujamegwa.]] '''Wilaya ya Meatu''' ni [[wilaya]] mojawapo kati ya wilaya sita za [[Mkoa wa Simiyu]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''39400''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2018-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805072810/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |archivedate=2018-08-05 }}</ref>. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2002]], idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hiyo ilihesabiwa kuwa 299,619 <ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Simiyu Region - Meatu District Council]</ref>. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 366,941 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Makao makuu ya wilaya yapo [[Mwanhunzi]]. Eneo lake ni kilomita za mraba 8,835. ==Mipaka== Meatu imepakana na Wilaya ya Bariadi upande wa kaskazini, Wilaya za Karatu, Ngorongoro na Mbulu upande wa mashariki, Mkoa wa Singida na Maswa upande wa magharibi na Shinyanga upande wa kusini. ==Maeneo ya kuhifadhiwa== Karibu nusu ya wilaya ni maeneo yaliyohifadhiwa ambayo ni * Hifadhi ya wanyama ya Maswa (2,094 km²) na * Makao Open Area (kata ya [[Mwangundo]], 1,330 km²) * sehemu za [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]] (694 km² ndani ya wilaya) * sehemu za [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]] (135 km² ndani ya wilaya) Maeneo mengine ya km² 4,582 ni ardhi ya kilimo na ufugaji.<ref>Site Report for Nzanza Village Meatu District, uk.5 </ref> ==Hali ya hewa== Eneo la Meatu ni nusu yabisi yaani haipokei mvua nyingi. Kiwango cha mvua kinapungua kutoka kaskazini kuelekea upande wa kusini ambako ni milimita 400 pekee zinazonyesha kwa mwaka ilhali sehemu za kaskazini zinapokea milimita 900. <ref>Site Report for Nzanza Village Meatu District, uk.5 </ref> Kiwango cha mvua huweza kuwa tofauti kila mwaka ambayo ni tatizo kwa ajili ya wakulima. ==Uchumi== Uchumi kwa jumla ni wa [[kilimo]] na [[ufugaji]]. Mazao ya chakula ni hasa [[mahindi]] na [[mtama]] lakini kilimo cha mahindi huwa na matatizo ya mara kwa mara kutokana na mabadiliko ya kiwango cha mvua. Kwa hiyo kila baada ya miaka mitano kuna uhaba wa chakula. Wanawake hulima mahali pengi [[viazi vitamu]] karibu na mito ya muda mahali ambako ipo. Udongo hasa upande wa kusini una kiwango kikubwa mno cha magadi na hivyo hufai kwa kilimo cha [[muhogo]] ambalo ni zao linalovumulia ukame. Ufugaji ni muhimu katika wilaya na wastani ya ng'ombe ni 12-13 kila kaya lakini kwa tofauti kati ya ng'ombe 0 na 2,00 kwa kaya. Zao la biahara muhimu zaidi ni pamba. Watu wameanza kujenga vinu vya kuchambulia pamba kwa hiyo soko la pamba limeboreshwa hata kama mwendo huu unaweza kuleta matatizo ya chakula. Meatu ni eneo lenye pamba nyingi katika mikoa ya Simiyu na Shinyanga. Utalii ni tawi la uchumi lililoanza kuchipuka kutokana na nafasi ya kuwinda. Uchimbaji wa [[vito]] umeanza hapa na pale kwa kutumia mbinu za kienyeji. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://ppa.esrftz.org/documents/Nzanza.pdf Meatu District Profile, katika: Site Report for Nzanza Village Meatu District] {{Wayback|url=http://ppa.esrftz.org/documents/Nzanza.pdf |date=20160304221803 }} ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Meatu}} {{mbegu-jio-simiyu}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Simiyu|M]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Meatu| ]] s4ym2vgokx0st1qrl2447po5sqb98xj 0 21978 1569089 1566913 2026-06-09T11:20:59Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mataa.flac|thumb|Matai]] [[File:Matai.flac|thumb|Matai]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Matai |picha_ya_satelite = |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Matai katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Katambo|Katambo]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 15,452 |latd= 8|latm=17 |lats=52 |latNS=S |longd=31|longm=31 |longs=18 |longEW=E |website = }} '''Matai''' ni [[Mji mdogo|mji mdogo]] na [[makao makuu|makao maku]] ya [[Wilaya ya Kalambo]] katika [[Mkoa wa Rukwa]], [[Tanzania]]. Kata hii iliwahi kuwa sehemu ya [[Wilaya ya Sumbawanga Vijijini]] ikahamishwa kwenye wilaya mpya ya Kalambo mwaka 2012. Katika sensa ya mwaka 2022 wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 15,452 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 149</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ya Matai ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 16,335 waishio humo.<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Rukwa – Kalambo District Council]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Kalambo}} {{Mbegu-jio-rukwa}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Rukwa]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Kalambo]] telqexgp4ydtnxgxum39d6wk5eq0f2q 1569090 1569089 2026-06-09T11:21:36Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Matai.flac|thumb|Matai]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Matai |picha_ya_satelite = |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Matai katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Katambo|Katambo]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 15,452 |latd= 8|latm=17 |lats=52 |latNS=S |longd=31|longm=31 |longs=18 |longEW=E |website = }} '''Matai''' ni [[Mji mdogo|mji mdogo]] na [[makao makuu|makao maku]] ya [[Wilaya ya Kalambo]] katika [[Mkoa wa Rukwa]], [[Tanzania]]. Kata hii iliwahi kuwa sehemu ya [[Wilaya ya Sumbawanga Vijijini]] ikahamishwa kwenye wilaya mpya ya Kalambo mwaka 2012. Katika sensa ya mwaka 2022 wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 15,452 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 149</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ya Matai ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 16,335 waishio humo.<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Rukwa – Kalambo District Council]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Kalambo}} {{Mbegu-jio-rukwa}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Rukwa]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Kalambo]] nnbm7dxk0r7lym3rth5vyb1g8e5x4p9 0 29093 1569104 1183156 2026-06-09T11:47:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Torcaldeantequera.jpg|thumb|Mfano wa Gange.]] [[Picha:Folded Rock Provo Canyon.JPG|thumb|Gange huko Provo Canyon, [[Utah]].]] [[Picha:Gozo, limestone quarry - cutting the stone.JPG|thumb|Gange ikitumika kama kifaa cha ujenzi.]] '''Gange''' au '''mawe chokaa''' (ing. ''limestone'') ni aina ya [[mwamba mashapo]] inayotokana na [[madini]] ya [[kalsiti]] (calcite) inayofanywa na [[kabonati]] ya [[kalisi]] CaCO₃. Kabonati ya kalisi inatengenzwa na [[viumbehai]] vinavyojenga [[Kiunzi nje|kiunzi cha kujikinga]] au kuimarisha [[Mwili|miili]] yao, kama kiunzi cha [[matumbawe]] au [[sifonji]], lakini pia [[kiunzi cha mifupa]] cha [[Mnyama|wanyama]] wakubwa. Matumbawe hujenga matabaka manene ya mwamba chokaa, mabaki ya viumbe vingine katika [[maji]] hutiririka chini ambako yanajenga matabaka ya kalsiti inayokandamizwa na shinikizo ya [[Maada|mata]] inayokaa juu yake, jinsi ilivyo na mwamba mashapo wote. Matabaka ya gange yalitokea chini ya [[bahari]] katika muda wa miaka [[milioni|mamilioni]] hata [[bilioni|mabilioni]]. Yalikua hadi kuwa na [[unene]] wa [[kilomita]] kadhaa. Gange ni takriban [[asilimia]] 10 ya miamba mashapo yote [[dunia|duniani]]. Pale ambako gange iliathiriwa na [[joto]] na shinikizo kubwa sana imebadilika kuwa [[mwamba metamofia]], kwa mfano [[marumaru]]. Gange ni muhimu sana kwa jamii za [[binadamu]] kama [[kifaa]] cha [[ujenzi]]. Gange si ngumu mno, hivi iliwahi kukatwa tangu miaka elfu kadhaa na kutumiwa kwa [[jengo|majengo]]. [[Piramidi za Giza|Piramidi za Misri]] zilijengwa kwa kutumia gange. [[Saruji]] inatengenezwa kwa kuchoma gange. {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:miamba]] s0l7hvgahf0jkag6k55dh66kqgrnyvb 0 35561 1568989 1311545 2026-06-09T06:25:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Downtown LA Sunset.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Jiji la [[Los Angeles]] katika Jimbo la [[California]].Katika jiji hili,gazeti la New Times LA lilichapishwa na kuuzwa.]] '''New Times LA''' ni [[gazeti]] lakitambo lililokuwa likichapishwa kila wiki katika eneo la [[Los Angeles]],[[California]].Lilichapishwa na Shirika la New Times Media tangu mwaka wa 1996 hadi mwaka wa 2002. Mhariri mkuu wa muda wake wa kuchapishwa alikuwa Rick Barrs. Mwandishi Jill Stewart ndiye aliyekuwa anaandika makala ,yaliyoleta utata, ya kisiasa. Katika mwaka wa 2002,New Times Media iliingia mkataba wa kutoshindana na shirika la [[Village Voice Media]], shirika jingine cha uchapishaji magazeti ya kila wiki. Mkataba wao ulikuwa: [[kampuni]] hizo zingewacha kuchapisha magazeti ya New Times LA na Cleveland Free Times(gazeti la Village Voice Media) ili zisikuwe zikishindana katika [[mji]] wowote ule. Gazeti lililoshindana na New Times LA lilikuwa ''[[LA Weekly]]''. New Times Media inaendelea kuchapisha majarida mengine mbalimbali kama ''Miami New Times,New Times Broward-Palm Beach'' na ''Phoenix New Times''. Mkataba huu ulifuatwa na upelelezi kutoka idara ya Haki ya [[Marekani]]. Uchunguzi ulisababisha malipo kutoka kampuni zote mbili,zikialazimishwa kuuza mali zao na magazeti yao ya kitambo kwa washindani wao. Mali zao zilihusu vitu kama "samani ya ofisi, mifumo ya simu","haki zote za uchapishaji wa magazeti kwenye karatasi na pia ya kielektroniki", "leseni na vibali vya vituo vya usambazaji"na "orodha zote za wateja,mikataba,akaunti na rekodi za mikopo." [1] Mali zote za New Times LA zilinunuliwa na kampuni ya [[Southland Publishing,Inc]] ambayo huchapisha magazeti kadhaa ya kila wiki ya mitaa. Kutoka kwa mali walizopata,Southland iliweza kuanzisha magazeti mawili: Los Angeles CityBeat na ValleyBeat. [2] ==Angalia Pia== * [[Village Voice Media]] ==Marejeo== * [http://www.laweekly.com/ink/02/46/news-blume.php Howard Blume, ''The End of New Times'', LA Weekly, Oktoba 4, 2002] {{Wayback|url=http://www.laweekly.com/ink/02/46/news-blume.php |date=20050824183349 }} * [http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html Savannah Blackwell, ''New Times Nailed: SF Weekly's Parent Company Charged with Violating Antitrust Law'', San Francisco Bay Guardian, Januari 29, 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140111174700/http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html |date=2014-01-11 }} * [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070716/wiener ^ End of an Era at the LA Weekly,[ Jon Wiener 27 Juni 2007, The Nation * [http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f200600/200674.htm ^ Hold Separate Stipulation and Order : U.S. v. Village Voice Media, LLC and NT Media,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070716/wiener |date=20081123061701 }} LLC from US DOJ. * [http://www.aan.org/alternative/Aan/ViewArticle?oid=oid%3A117944 ^ Southland Won't Compete Head-to-Head With LA Weekly from the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies's website,] by John Ferri, 1 Julai 2003 ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.newtimes.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya New Times Media] * [http://www.villagevoicemedia.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Village Voice Media] [[Category:Magazeti ya Los Angeles]] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070716/wiener |date=20081123061701 }} [[Category:Magazeti ya Marekani]] jwitvxbjznmjwce6jb91dq3w5rpzpf4 0 56628 1569009 1137705 2026-06-09T08:16:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mdomo wa mto */ 1569009 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Illu mouth (Kiswahili).jpg|thumb|Kielelezo cha kinywa cha [[binadamu]]]] '''Kinywa''' au '''mdomo''' ni uwazi ndani ya [[kichwa]] mwenye shughuli tofauti kwa binadamu na wanyama wengi wenye [[uti wa mgongo]]. * ni mahali pa kuingiza [[chakula]] mwilini hivyo ni chanzo cha [[mfumo wa mmeng'enyo wa chakula]] * ni nafasi ya kuingiza hewa mwilini hivyo pamoja na pua ni chanzo cha mfumo wa upumuo * ni mahali pa kutokea kwa [[sauti]] ambako sauti inayotengenezwa kooni inapokea umbo lake kwa msaada wa ulimi na midomo hivyo ni sehemu muhimu ya uwezo wetu wa kuwasiliana na wengine. Kinapatikana kwa karibu wanyama wote wenye seli nyingi lakini kwa wanyama sahili kazi yake ni kuingiza chakula pekee. Sehemu za kinywa cha binadamu ni pamoja na: [[jino|meno]], [[ulimi]] na [[ufizi|fizi]]. ==[[Mdomo wa mto]]== [[Neno]] mdomo hutumika pia kwa sehemu ya [[mto]] ambako unaishia kwa kuingia katika [[bahari]], [[ziwa]] au, kama ni [[tawimto]], katika mto mkubwa zaidi. [[Kisawe]] ni [[mlango]] wa mto. {{mbegu-anatomia}} [[Jamii:Kichwa]] 4ngj2bkv1jri29takddac5oqfjk9t6d 0 64420 1569085 1500589 2026-06-09T11:08:02Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Katavi.flac|thumb|Katavi]] {{Infobox settlement | name = Mkoa wa Katavi | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Katavi}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Katuma River.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = [[Mto Katuma]] | image_map = Tanzania Katavi location map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Nchi | subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type1 = Kanda | subdivision_name1 = Nyanda za Juu ua Kusini | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = Makao makuu | seat = [[Mpanda (mji)|Mpanda]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Mkuu wa Mkoa | leader_name = Rajab Mtumwa | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = 45843 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_m = | population_total = 1,152,958 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Msimbo wa posta | postal_code = 50xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = | website = {{URL|katavi.go.tz}} | footnotes = }} '''Mkoa wa Katavi''' ni mmojawapo kati ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa 31]] ya [[Tanzania]]. Ulianzishwa rasmi mnamo Machi [[2012]] kwa kumega sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ya [[mkoa wa Rukwa]]. Unapakana pia na [[mkoa wa Tabora]] upande wa [[mashariki]] na [[mkoa wa Songwe]] upande wa [[kusini]]. Eneo lake ni la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 45,843 mashariki mwa [[Tanganyika (ziwa)|ziwa Tanganyika]]. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka 2022 [[idadi]] ya wakazi ilihesabiwa kuwa 1,152,958 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. [[Makao makuu]] yako [[Mpanda (mji)|Mpanda]]. Una [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''50000''' == Wilaya == [[Wilaya]] za [[mkoa]] huo ni [[tano]] tu: [[Wilaya ya Mlele|Mlele]], [[Wilaya ya Nsimbo|Nsimbo]], [[Mpanda (mjini)|Mpanda mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] (awali Mpanda vijijini) na [[wilaya ya Mpimbwe|Mpimbwe]]. ==Utamaduni== [[Kabila]] kubwa ni lile la [[Wafipa]]; pia kuna [[Wabende]], [[Wapimbwe]] na [[Wakonongo]] na [[dini]] yao kwa kiasi kikubwa sana ni [[Ukristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Wapimbwe wanapatikana katika maeneo ya wilaya ya Mpimbwe katika [[vijiji]] vya Mamba, Mpimbwe na Majimoto. Katika kijiji cha Mamba kuna kivutio kizuri: [[bwawa]] kubwa la asili la [[maji ya moto]] ambayo hayapoi muda wote, ni ya moto iwe [[mchana]] au [[usiku]]. Pia kuna sehemu za mkoa huu ni wa kihistoria katika baadhi ya maeneo. Mfano mtaa wa Madukani ambao walikua wakiishi [[Wahindi]] na [[Waarabu]] wa [[Oman]] kama Mzee Yusuf Al Salmi. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Katavi : mbunge ni [[Issack Kamwele]] ([[CCM]]) * Kavuu : mbunge ni Dk. [[Pudenciana Kikwembe]] ([[CCM]]) * Mpanda Mjini : mbunge ni [[Sebastian Kapufi]] ([[CCM]]) * Mpanda Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Moshi Selemani Kakoso]] ([[CCM]]) * Nsimbo : mbunge ni [[Richard Mbogo]] ([[CCM]]) ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Katavi]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Katavi]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.facebook.com/kuelekeamajimboni2015/posts/1597894500453161?_rdc=1&_rdr Taarifa juu ya majimbo ya Katavi kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu 2015] (tovuti ya facebook) *[http://www.tcra.go.tz/publications/postcode/katavi.pdf Katavi Postcodes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tcra.go.tz/publications/postcode/katavi.pdf |date=20120828211130 }} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.tanzania.go.tz Serikali ya Tanzania] * [http://www.katavi.go.tz/history Historia ya Mkoa wa Katavi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.katavi.go.tz/history |date=20220301145620 }} (machache tu kwenye tovuti ya mkoa wenyewe) {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-katavi}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|K]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Katavi| ]] 74snri2zejtbfvyqjnngfn0nopuis38 0 71016 1569007 1522559 2026-06-09T08:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:St_eugene.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Picha ya mwanzilishi, Mt. Eujeni Mazenod.]] '''Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate''' (kifupi '''O.M.I.''') ni [[shirika la kipapa]] la [[wamisionari]] lililoanzishwa na [[Eujeni Mazenod]] ([[1782]]-[[1861]]) tarehe [[25 Januari]] [[1816]]. [[Mtakatifu]] huyo kutoka [[Ufaransa]] alipata kibali cha [[Papa Leo XII]] tarehe [[17 Februari]] [[1826]]. Shirika linaundwa na ma[[padri]] na ma[[bruda]] ambao kwa kawaida wanaishi kijumuia. Mwaka [[2011]] walikuwa 4,400 hivi (kati yao 580 katika hatua za malezi) wakifanya [[umisionari]] katika sehemu nyingi za [[dunia]], wakiwemo ma[[kardinali]] 2 na maaskofu wengi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.omiworld.org/content.asp?artID=4 |title=Generalate website: Who we are |accessdate=2014-04-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223195115/http://omiworld.org/content.asp?artID=4 |archivedate=2015-02-23 }}</ref> ==Historia na karama== Lengo la awali la shirika lilikuwa kuleta uamsho katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]] la Ufaransa baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa]]. Lakini mapema kazi zake ziliongezeka na kuenea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.oblates.com.au/CharismHistory/OblateCharism.aspx |title=Australian Province: Oblate charism |accessdate=2014-04-09 |archivedate=2014-06-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601062501/http://www.oblates.com.au/CharismHistory/OblateCharism.aspx }}</ref> [[Papa Pius XI]] ([[1857]]-[[1939]]) alipendezwa na juhudi za wanashirika hata akawaita “Wataalamu wa [[misheni]] ngumu zaidi za Kanisa”<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.omiphil.org/missiontoday.htm |title=Philippine Province: Mission Today |accessdate=2014-04-09 |archivedate=2014-10-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006022533/http://www.omiphil.org/missiontoday.htm }}</ref> Kama [[watawa]] wengine, wanashirika wanaweka [[nadhiri]] kuhusu [[mashauri ya Kiinjili]] ya [[useja mtakatifu]], [[ufukara]] na [[utiifu]]. ==Wanashirika maarufu== * [[Hubert Constant]] (1931 - 2011) * [[Thomas Cooray]] (1901 - 1988) * [[Francis George]] (1937-) * [[Vital-Justin Grandin]] (1829 - 1902) * [[Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert]] (1802 - 1886) * [[Denis Hurley (bishop)|Denis Hurley]] (1915 - 2004) * [[Carl Kabat]] (1933-) * [[Albert Lacombe]] (1827 - 1916) * [[Adrien-Gabriel Morice]] (1859 - 1938) * [[Émile Petitot]] (1838 - 1916) * [[Orlando Quevedo|Orlando Beltrán Quevedo]] (1939-) * [[Ronald Rolheiser]] (1947-) * [[Larry Rosebaugh]] (1935 - 2009) * [[Constantine Scollen]] (1841 - 1902) * [[Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve]] (1883 - 1947) ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== {{refbegin}} *{{Citation |last = Carrière, |first = Gaston |title = Histoire documentaire de la congrégation des Missionnaires Oblats de Marie-Immaculée dans l’Est du Canada. Vol. 1. |year = 1957 |publisher = Éditions de l’Université d’Ottawa, |publication-place = Ottawa, Ontario |isbn = }} *{{Citation |last = Carrière, |first = Gaston |title = Dictionnaire biographique des Oblats de Marie-Immaculée au Canada. Vol. 1-3. |year = 1957 |publisher = Éditions de l’Université d’Ottawa, |publication-place = Ottawa, Ontario |isbn = }} {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Oblates of Mary Immaculate}} * {{official website|http://www.omiworld.org/}} * [http://www.oblatemissions.org/ Oblate Missions in San Antonio Texas ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oblatemissions.org/ |date=20220322225053 }} * [http://www.oblatesusa.org/ (Oblate) Missionary Association in Belleville, IL ] * [http://www.omiusa.org/ US Province Site] * [http://www.ost.edu/ Oblate School of Theology, San Antonio, Texas] * [http://www.omiphil.org/ OMI Philippine Province] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omiphil.org/ |date=20140517180758 }} * [http://www.omichina.com/ China Mission] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omichina.com/ |date=20140218170937 }} * [http://www.omi.org.za/ The Missionary Oblate of Mary Immaculate in Southern Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.omi.org.za/ |date=20241111001007 }} * [http://www.ndmu.edu.ph/profile/index.html/ Notre Dame of Marbel University] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ndmu.edu.ph/profile/index.html/ |date=20091001230817 }} a school under the administration of the Marist Brothers * [http://www.nducotabato.org/ Notre Dame University, Cotabato City] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nducotabato.org/ |date=20070928132839 }} * [http://www.ndgm.edu.ph/ Notre Dame of Greater Manila, Caloocan City] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ndgm.edu.ph/ |date=20060411030155 }} * [http://www.ndmc.edu.ph/ Notre Dame of Midsayap College] * [http://omilacombe.ca/indexp.php Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Canada: OMI Lacombe] {{Wayback|url=http://omilacombe.ca/indexp.php |date=20140811071244 }} * [http://www.cmoblat.ca/en/index.php Oblate Missionary Centre (CMO), Montreal, Canada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmoblat.ca/en/index.php |date=20140517050940 }} [[Category:O.M.I.]] [[Category:Mashirika ya kitawa]] [[Category:Wamisionari]] kgemrkcfx1lh4b961xketf6gh27k32l 0 83124 1569002 1201916 2026-06-09T07:57:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ivan bomb.png|thumb|Mahali pa Novaya Zemlya duniani, pamoja na mahali pa mlipuko wa bomu ya nyuklia]] [[Picha:Belushya Guba on map of Novaya Zemlya.jpg|thumb|Ramani ya Novaya Zemlya ([[kiingereza]])]] '''Novaya Zemlya''' (kwa [[Kirusi]] Но́вая Земля́, yaani ''Nchi mpya'') ni [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Urusi]] lililopo kwenye [[Bahari Aktiki]]. Eneo lake ni [[kilomita za mraba]] 90,650. Kiutawala ni '''Wilaya ya Novaya Zemlya''' katika [[mkoa]] wa [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]. <ref>Sheria ya Urusi #65-5-OZ</ref>. [[Mwaka]] [[2010]] ilikuwa na wakazi 2,429 na kati yao karibu 2,000 waliishi katika [[mji]] wa [[Belushya Guba]], [[makao makuu]] ya [[wilaya]]. Wakazi asilia walikuwa [[wawindaji]] na [[wavuvi]] wa [[kabila]] la [[Wanenets]] waliohamishwa kutoka visiwa katika [[miaka ya 1950]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - North Test Site _FINAL_.doc |format=PDF |accessdate=2012-09-27 |archive-date=2012-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525102432/http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Wakati ule walikuwa watu wasiozidi 300. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - North Test Site _FINAL_.doc |format=PDF |accessdate=2012-09-27 |archive-date=2012-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525102432/http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Uhamisho]] huo ulisababishwa na mipango ya kutumia visiwa kwa shughuli za kijeshi na majaribio ya kulipua [[mabomu ya nyuklia]]. Novaya Zemlya kuna [[visiwa]] viwili vikubwa vinavyotenganishwa na [[mlangobahari]] mwembamba wenye [[upana]] wa [[mita]] 600 hadi [[kilomita]] chache. [[Mlima]] mkubwa uko kwenye kisiwa cha kaskazini wenye [[kimo]] cha mita 1,547. Hadi leo Novaya Zemlya ni kituo cha kijeshi na wakazi wengi ni [[wanajeshi]] pamoja na [[familia]] zao. [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] ulitumia visiwa kwa [[mlipuko|milipuko]] ya majaribio ya [[mabomu ya nyuklia]]; tarehe [[30 Oktoba]] [[1961]] mlipuko mkubwa wa kinyuklia katika [[historia]] ulitekelezwa hapa. [[Nguvu]] ya [[bomu]] ilikadiriwa kuwa na [[megatoni]] 50. ==Mazingira== [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Novaya Zemlya ni endelezo la [[safu ya milima]] ya [[milima ya Ural|Ural]].<ref name="nasa">{{cite web|url=http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612|title=Novaya Zemlya, Northern Russia|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2006-10-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011094505/http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612|archivedate=2006-10-11|https://web.archive.org/web/20061011094505/http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612|=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011094505/http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612}}</ref>. Uso wa nchi ni ya [[milima]].<ref name="eb1911">Novaya Zemlya in: {{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Novaya_Zemlya|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.)|year=1911|accessdate=2006-10-14}}</ref> Kisiwa cha kaskazini kuna [[barafuto]] nyingi, kisiwa cha kusini kinafunikwa na [[tundra]].<ref name="columbia">Novaya Zemlya in: {{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Novaya_Zemlya.aspx#1|title=The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.|accessdate=2006-10-14}}</ref> [[Maliasili]] ni pamoja na [[shaba]], [[plumbi]] na [[zinki]].<ref name="columbia" /> Novaya Zemlya inatenganisha [[bahari ya pembeni|bahari za pembeni]] za [[Bahari ya Barent]] na [[Bahari ya Kara]]. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons category|Novaya Zemlya}}{{Wikivoyage}} *[http://www.novayazemlya.net Novaya Zemlya information portal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.novayazemlya.net/ |date=20120426082707 }} *[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm Selected satellite views of nuclear test site Novaya Zemlya] (global security). *[http://www.xs4all.nl/~jzeebe1/novaya_zemlya1.html Environment, climate change, and history of exploration (Barents' wintering)]. *[http://www.rozenbergps.com/index.php?frame=boek.php&item=295 Rozenberg Publishers - Climate and glacial history of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rozenbergps.com/index.php?frame=boek.php&item=295 |date=20040719022950 }} *[http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf Nuclear tests in Novaya Zemlya] {{Wayback|url=http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf |date=20120525102432 }}, International Atomic Energy Agency Department of Nuclear Safety and Security. {{mbegu-jio-Urusi}} [[Category:Aktiki]] [[Category:Visiwa vya Urusi]] h2jp84fqeyk2k8h0kd3ueu4cg50u0x8 3 89634 1568975 1566993 2026-06-08T21:30:35Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-24 */ mjadala mpya 1568975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. 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Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. 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Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:12, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:User groups == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:User groups|Template:User groups]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AUser+groups&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:17, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> ==Demo== Ndugu, makala ulizoanzisha kama kielelezo hazina ubora hata kidogo. Mkifundisha hivi, tutapata kurasa za kapuni. Naomba muangalie vizuri. Amina kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Tayari makala mbovu zimeshaanza kumiminika. Tafadhali, mwazuie haraka!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:43, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa kabisa tutachukua hatua kuanzia leo, kulikua na tatizo kidogo wakati wa mafunzo umeme ulikatika kabla hatuja waeleza vyote '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:37, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Translation notification: Global locks == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+locks&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 01:45, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> rd1baeesbgvw6y5q50fh73asbyz2lpm 0 96512 1569087 1566803 2026-06-09T11:13:56Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kisiwa cha Latham.flac|thumb|Kisiwa cha Latham]] {{Coord|-6.8996158|39.8048396|display=title}} [[Picha:Latham Island, Tanzania.png|250px|thumb|Mahali pa Fungu Kizimkazi mbele ya pwani ya Tanzania.]] '''Fungu Kizimkazi''' (inajulikana pia kwa majina ya '''Latham Island''' na '''Fungu Mbaraka'''<ref name = "gn156052">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=156052|name=latham%20island}} Latham Island] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2012-01-17; database download sa 2017-01-30</ref>) ni [[kisiwa]] kidogo cha [[Tanzania]] katika [[Bahari Hindi]] ambacho hakina wakazi wala maji matamu. Kipo [[kilomita]] 64 upande wa [[kusini]]-[[mashariki]] kutoka [[Unguja]], na mahali pa karibu kwenye [[bara]] ni [[Kimbiji]] katika [[Wilaya ya Kigamboni]], [[Dar es Salaam]]. Inahesabiwa kuwa sehemu ya [[funguvisiwa la Zanzibar]]. ==Tabia== [[Kipenyo]] chake ni takriban [[mita]] 300. [[Kiumbehai|Viumbehai]] pekee ni [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] wala [[samaki]] wanaounda huko [[kiota|viota]] na kulea vinda wao. Hivyo kisiwa chote kimefunikwa na [[guano]] ([[mavi]] ya ndege). Kisiwa kinainuka mita 3 pekee juu ya [[Usawa bahari wastani|uwiano wa bahari]] hakionekani vema, hivyo ni hatari kwa [[meli]]<ref>Hydrographic Office, Admiralty (1878), The Africa Pilot: South and east coasts of Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to Cape Guardafui, including the islands in Mozambique Channel. Part III, ukurasa 302 f [https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=5gQHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA407&dq=african+pilot+Eastern&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn65igtbfhAhUyShUIHfC_CNIQuwUIKzAA#v=onepage&q=latham&f=false online hapa]</ref>. Kulikuwa na majaribio ya kupunguza hatari na kuboresha mwonekano wa kisiwa kwa kujenga [[alama]] iliyoinuliwa au kupanda [[Mti|miti]] iliyoharibiwa tena na ndege.<ref>Harold Ingrams (1998) Arabia & The Isles, p. 60, ISBN 13:978-0-7103-0567-1, [https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=8eUrBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ingrams&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiqvMv1qLfhAhWQSxUIHTsRDjcQuwUIRDAD#v=onepage&q=ingrams&f=false online hapa kwa archive.org]</ref> ==Majina== [[Wavuvi]] wa sehemu hizi za Bahari Hindi hutumia majina mbalimbali, hasa ""Fungu Mbaraka" na "Fungu Kizimkazi". Jina la Mbaraka linatokana na Mzanzibari Mbaruk au Mbaraka aliyepata kibali cha [[sultani]] [[Sayyid Barghash]] kukusanya mabaki ya meli zilizokwama huko zikigonga [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]].<ref>Gwynne & alii (1970)</ref> Hii ni habari ya kwanza kwamba Zanzibar alidai utawala wa Fungu Kizimkazi. [[Jina]] la "Latham" limetokana ya lile la [[jahazi]] ya [[Kampuni ya Kiingereza kwa Uhindi wa Mashariki]] iliyopita huko mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1798]] na kuacha taarifa ya [[maandishi|kimaandishi]]<ref>Hydrographic Office, Admiralty (1878), The Africa Pilot</ref>. Hata hivyo inasemekana pia kuwa [[Uhindi|Mhindi]] mwenye jina la "Latham" alikuta kisiwa hicho na kukipa jina lake.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1796284?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ][https://www.jstor.org/stable/1796284?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents M. D. Gwynne, I. S. C. Parker and D. G. Wood: Latham Island: An Ecological Note, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 136, No. 2 (Jun., 1970), pp. 247-251], iliangaliwa kupitia Jstor mwezi wa Aprili 2019</ref> ==Utawala== Kisiwa hicho kiliingizwa rasmi katika [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] mnamo mwaka [[1898]] wakati [[bendera]] ya sultani ilipelekwa huko<ref>Gwynne & alii (1970)</ref>. Lakini katika miaka 1910/1912 kulikuwa na mabishano baina ya mwakilishi [[Uingereza|Mwingereza]] huko Zanzibar kwa niaba ya sultani na ofisi ya [[gavana]] [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Mjerumani]] huko [[Dar es Salaam]] kuhusu [[mamlaka]] juu ya Latham Island, hasa usimamizi wa uvunaji wa guano ya ndege. Tarehe 11 Aprili kaimu gavana Wilhelm Methner alitembelea kisiwa wakati wa kurudi Dar es Salaam kutoka kusini mwa [[koloni]]<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/36939603 Under Three Governors (Unter drei Gouverneuren) The Memoirs of a German Colonial Official in Tanzania 1902-1917 by Wilhelm Methner translated into English with an introduction by John East, 2019, ukurasa 282], </ref>. Mzozo ulikwisha na tokeo la [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] na kuondolewa kwa Ujerumani katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mwaka [[1924]] kisiwa kilitajwa kuwa sehemu ya mbali ya usultani wa Zanzibar<ref>Harold Ingrams (1998) Arabia & The Isles, p. 60</ref>. Mnamo mwaka [[2011]] kulikuwa na taarifa ya kutokea kwa mvutano baina ya [[ofisi]] za [[serikali]] za Zanzibar na [[Tanzania bara]] kuhusu mamlaka juu ya kisiwa hicho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.spearblog.com/2011/10/21/dogtooth-world-record-denied |title=Taarifa ya wavuwi kuhusu uvutano baina ya Zanzibar na bara kuhusu sheria za uvuwi |accessdate=2019-02-06 |archivedate=2018-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230619/http://www.spearblog.com/2011/10/21/dogtooth-world-record-denied/ }}</ref><ref>[https://web.facebook.com/Lathamisland/posts/337468703292522?_rdc=1&_rdr linganisha pia mchango mrefu kwenye facebook ya mwaka 2016 kuhusu swali la mamlaka juu ya Kisiwa cha Latham]</ref>. Kwa mtazamo wa Zanzibar ni sehemu ya [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini]]. Kwa mtazamo mwingine ni sehemu ya [[wilaya ya Kigamboni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya visiwa vya Tanzania]] * [[Zanzibar]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1796284 M. D. Gwynne, I. S. C. Parker and D. G. Wood: Latham Island: An Ecological Note. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 136, No. 2 (Jun., 1970), Seite 247-251] {{mbegu-jio-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini]] decc227qeko6rrw7wu316lwg60mkrsu 0 138356 1568940 1568914 2026-06-08T12:50:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1568940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[mtaa]] [[Umaskini|fukara]] wa [[Nairobi]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Kenya]]. Ni sehemu ya [[Kibera (Nairobi)|Kibera]] na inajumuisha [[Laini Saba]], [[Lindi, Nairobi|Lindi]], [[Makina]], [[Kianda]], [[Gatwekera]], [[Soweto Mashariki]], [[Kisumu Ndogo]], [[Makongeni]] na [[Mashimoni]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr32/005/2009/en/ |title=Kenya: The unseen majority: Nairobi's two million slum-dwellers |date=12 June 2009 |accessdate=2016-12-04 |archive-date=2016-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408220540/http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AFR32/005/2009/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/19466/URN_NBN_fi_jyu-200901201029.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-08-22 |archive-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720190505/https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/19466/URN_NBN_fi_jyu-200901201029.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/KenyaCommunityPMTCT.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-09-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207111039/http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/KenyaCommunityPMTCT.pdf |archivedate=2010-12-07 }}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{nairobi}} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Mitaa ya Nairobi]] qd2dlri3b92v9yinu0punu6osb6xfcc 14 143768 1569073 1435325 2026-06-09T10:03:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] 1569073 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] 1sz8kwvnpmehkl1ym8nml27isykxbvw 0 149176 1568986 1521548 2026-06-09T04:36:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gift Selaelo Morukhuladi''' (alizaliwa [[11 Novemba]], [[1994]]), anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Mvzzle''' ni DJ wa [[Afrika Kusini]], mwimbaji- mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]], na mtayarishaji. Anajulikana kwa kutengeneza wimbo wa "Umlilo" <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=5 December 2019|title=DJ Zinhle – Umlilo 2.0 ft. Mvzzle, Rethabile|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=aEWNNjiZBRk|accessdate=26 October 2021|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> wa DJ Zinhle . <ref>{{Rejea habari|date=19 January 2021|title=Mvzzle's rise to fame|url=https://briefly.co.za/93375-mvzzle-bio-age-real-hometown-parents-career-songs-profile.html#:~:text=Mvzzle%20is%20a%20renowned%20South,he%20started%20playing%20the%20drums.}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Gift S. Morukhuladi alizaliwa huko Musina na kukulia katika kijiji kiitwacho Mountain View. Mama yake ni mfanyabiashara na baba yake alikuwa mwanju wa bendi ya kijeshi. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 8, alihamia [[Polokwane]] International Gateway ili kuwa na wazazi wake. Kwa wakati huu, baba yake alikuwa ameacha kuwa mwanju hadi kuwa Band Master katika Bendi ya Jeshi la Afrika Kusini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Morukhuladi|first=Gift|date=2021|title=Mvzzle, early life|url=https://warnermusic.co.za/mvzzle/|accessdate=21 October 2021|work=[[Warner Music|Warner music South Africa]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mvzzle set out to shake up the industry|url=https://justtrimmings.co.za/mvzzle-set-out-to-shake-up-the-industry/|work=Just Trimmings|date=2020-06-06|accessdate=2023-02-26|language=en-US|author=Lerato Mareletse|archive-date=2022-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109171515/https://justtrimmings.co.za/mvzzle-set-out-to-shake-up-the-industry/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:1lib1ref 2023]] tmba9iw5x0q9s6b1oz5h0nmcxqh5l6g 0 153816 1569078 1429387 2026-06-09T10:38:46Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bariadi.flac|thumb|Bariadi]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Kata ya Bariadi |picha_ya_satelite = Bariadi.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Bariadi katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini|Bariadi Mjini]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 19,360 |latd=2 |latm=48 |lats=14 |latNS=S |longd=33 |longm=59 |longs=10 |longEW=E |msimbo_posta = 39101 |website = }} [[Picha:Bariadi.jpg|thumb|[[Ramani]] ya Wilaya ya Bariadi, Tanzania]] '''Bariadi''' ni [[kata]] iliyo kitovu cha [[Bariadi (mji)|mji wa Bariadi]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[Mkoa wa Simiyu]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''39101''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf | title = Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2018-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805072810/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |archivedate=2018-08-05 }}</ref>. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 19,360 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 219 </ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ya Bariadi ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,248 waishio humo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-simiyu}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini]] [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Simiyu]] ib35z58jgj32ctk442k86wi0vvs48nf 0 170219 1569088 1282238 2026-06-09T11:16:22Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kongwa.flac|thumb|Kongwa]] [[Faili:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|thumb|300px|Watumwa wakisafirishwa kwa kufungwa makongwa; karibu na [[mto Ruvuma]] mnamo [[1866]].]] '''Kongwa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''yoke'') ni [[fimbo]] yenye panda au mgawanyiko<ref>"Kongwa²", TUKI [[Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu]], uk 273</ref> ambayo zamani ilitumika kwa kuwafunga [[Mnyama|wanyama]] ili kuvuta ama [[mkokoteni]] ama [[plau]] au [[watumwa]] [[shingo|shingoni]] ili kuwasafirisha. Wakati wa [[biashara ya watumwa]], makongwa yalikatwa [[mti|mtini]]. Wafungwa walioonyesha nia na uwezo wa kutoroka walifungiwa kongwa shingoni<ref>Jean George Deutsch, Slavery & Social Change in Unyamwezi, c. 1860–1900, katika: Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa. - (East African studies), I. Medard, Henri II. Doyle, Shane (Shane Declan) (James Currey Ltd 2007)</ref>. Mara nyingi makongwa mawili yalifungwa pamoja, hali iliyooongeza ugumu wa kukimbia. ==Katika Biblia== Mfano wa kongwa ulitumika sana katika [[Agano la Kale]] na katika [[Agano Jipya]] kwa namna mbalimbali, kama vile kuhusu [[unyanyasaji]] katika [[jamii]] ([[Kitabu cha Kwanza cha Wafalme|1Fal]] 12:4) na kuhusu [[dhambi]] iliyofunga na kulemea watu ([[Maombolezo (Biblia)|Mao]] 1:14). [[Torati]] pia ilifananishwa na kongwa ambayo ilifanywa nzito zaidi na mafundisho ya [[Mafarisayo]] hata kulemea waumini ([[Matendo ya Mitume|Mdo]] 15:10). Ndiyo maana [[Yesu]] aliwaalika kuachana nao ili kupokea kongwa lake ([[Injili ya Mathayo|Math]] 11:28-30). Hatimaye [[Mtakatifu Paulo|Mtume Paulo]] aliita kongwa la utumwa ([[Waraka kwa Wagalatia|Gal]] 5:1) ambalo Yesu ametuondolea ili tuwe huru, hivyo tusikubali kutekwa tena. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Kilimo]] [[Jamii:Biblia]] [[Jamii:Utumwa]] 445c0nj3ta6aqm8rsgdom9g55fhfwkh 3 170788 1568971 1567247 2026-06-08T17:33:19Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 /* Shule */ Jibu 1568971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC) == Jamii == Ndugu, katika kupunguza maneno ya makala, usiondoe kirahisi jamii hai, hasa zilizo sahihi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 29 Mei 2023 (UTC) :sawa boss nmekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) == Tafsiri Kompyuta == Ndugu nmejaribu kupitia makala zako, epuka kutumia tafsiri kompyuta katika uandishi ,jitahidi kumuelewesha msomaji na sio kuandika tu ili uhariri. Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) :sawa broh ntatizama ilo tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ::Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 09:36, 2 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ==Michezo== Ndugu, sasa umekazania michezo, nadhani u shabiki wa Simba. Ukiweka kigezo cha mbegu na jamii, angalia kama neno michezo inafaa kweli, kwa sababu ukimzungumzia mchezaji wa mpira, ni mtu, si mchezo. Hata ukisoma lebo inayotokea, utaona kwamba haifai. Weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> na <nowiki>jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania</nowiki> (au wa nchi nyingine). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 23 Machi 2024 (UTC) :shukran mkuu ntalifanyia kazi ili kuanzia sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Ndugu kuwa makini na maelekezo unayopata. usiende haraka punguza mwendo amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) :Sawa, pia angalia usianzishe makala kwa jina la Kiingereza, maana pengine zipo tayari kwa jina la Kiswahili kama mildfielder na forward. Tena, usitumie kama rejesho yale ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Nmeiona Boss, kwavile mimi bdo mchanga maoni yenu n muhimu ili niwe imara zaidi kwenye kuchangia Wikipedia in Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ==Zingatia Maelekezo na mashauri== Ndugu habari, naona umekua ukipewa maelekeo ya kufuata unapuuza na kuto kufanyia kazi. Vile vile umeambiwa marekebisho kadha hujarejea kufanya hiv. '''Nakupa onyo''' laasivyo utafungiwa. Pole na shida zangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 12 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :ningeomba msaada zaidi kwa ili maana nakumbuka makala za wachezaji zile na mbegu zake nlitafta upya na kuzipitia teena sasa sjajua ttizolangu lipo wapi apa maana mimi kweli sio kwamba nimkubwa ivyo kwenye uchangiaji sasa bila support yenu na kunielekeza nimekosea wapi stofika popote, ningeomba tuu unelekeze wapi nmekosea ili nsirudie makosa tena, atakama nkikosea bs mnielekeze ili baadae nije kua mzuri zaidi kwenye ku edit makala na kwa ufanisi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:00, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] Hakikisha ukiweka kiungo cha ndani kwa mfano [[2024]], kama kuna mwaka kama huo kwenye iyo makala usiweke tena [[2024]]. kuwa makini na unachokiandika. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 21:35, 14 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu kwa ushauri wako nimelihifadhi hilo na nitaendelea pia kulifanyia kazi lisijitokeze tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:30, 15 Aprili 2024 (UTC) ==Legeza mwendo!== Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :ahsante mkuu nitalifanyia kazi ilo iwezekanavyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :na pia ningeomba uniambie makala ipi ulio ipitia ili nijue kwa urahisi zaidi, labda sina uzoefu sana nashindwa kutambua makala zilizo editiwa na kufanyiwa maboresho ambazo nimeziandaa teyar, samahani kwa ili apa mkuu ningeomba unisaidie kwa ilo apo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:14, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :nimejaribukupitia mwenyewe nimeona mkuu makala ulizozi edit kwenye ukurasa wamaangalizi na pia nimeshaa jua ni nininilichopaswa kukifanya, hilonimelizingatia vizuri na ata makala zijazo nitalitilia mkazo zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :majina ya makala niliyaachakwa Lugha ya kiingereza, hili apa ndo kubwa nililolijua kua haikupaswa ivyo ntazidi kuboresha makala nitakazo endelea nazo mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[GPT-4]] == Ndugu, makala hii umetumia mashine kutafsiri. Hebu iboreshe kidogo angalau ile tone ya kiroboti iondoke. Pia, usitumie neno roboti badala yake, utumie AKILI MNEMBA. Maana kinachofanyika ndani yake ni zaidi ya roboti. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 13:22, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nalirejea ilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC) ==Kuboresha== :Ndugu, angalia masahihisho yangu ya makala zako juu ya wachezaji mpira ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Nimeona mkuu kwenye Jamii pale umensaidia kuongeza ni Watu walio Hai, tofauti na mimi nlikua nkiweka Waliohai, nimelizingatia ili mkuu ama kama kuna mabadiliko mengine naomba unambie mkuu ili niweze kuwa imara zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:40, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu, naona juhudi na maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo uendelee kuangalia marekebisho yangu ili kuboresha kazi yako zaidi na zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Ahsante mkuu kwa uangalizi wa karibu zaidi nitaendelea kuboresha zaidi kupitia uangalizi wako mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Long Vowels == The: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, they are NOT to be conflated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Application of [[w:en:Great Vowel Shift]] to ARABIC is very wrong. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29515|&#126;2024-29515]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29515|talk]]) 14:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == FAKE INTERWIKI == IPs are correcting you: [[wikidata:Special:Contributions/101.109.102.6]] You are mistaking PEOPLE for ACTION. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29579|&#126;2024-29579]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29579|talk]]) 18:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ==Mabano ya mwanzo== Ndugu, naona umeongeza maneno "tarehe" na "mwaka" katika mabano ya mwanzo, kumbe humo taarifa inatakiwa kutolewa kwa ufupi, si kama sentensi zinazofuata. Naomba urudishe mwenyewe mabadilisho hayo kwa sababu mimi nina kazi nyingi tayari. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 15 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bumble]] == Makala ya mashine. Nimesoma sijaelewa. Hebu iboreshe kibadamu. Mfano, kupiga kushoto au kulia ni nini? Ielezee katika muundo wa tendo rahisi hata mtu ambaye haitumii aelewe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:11, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Tanbihi]] - I moja == Tanbihi - "I" '''MOJA''' [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-50774|&#126;2025-50774]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-50774|talk]]) 17:10, 30 Aprili 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34513-89|&#126;2025-34513-89]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34513-89|talk]]) 08:29, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana == Ndugu hongera kwa kujitahidi kurekebisha makala, naomba uzifanye ziwe ndefu kidogo, zionyeshe umuhimu wa kuwepo kwenye kiswahili.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:57, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu, ntajitaidi kwailo mkuu ziwe ndefu zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu, unajitahidi kweli, lakini bado kuna makosa mbalimbali, hasa upande wa jamii. Naomba upitie masahihisho niliyofanya leo katika makala zako ili usirudierudie mapungufu yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante mkuu nalifanyia kazi ilo sasaivi apa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Sasa unaweka jamii nyingi mno!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::Nitajaribu kuweka mkuu zinazohisuka sana na zisizo beba vitu viingi, yaani ntajaribu kuweke za wastani sio saana '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::Hii ni baada ya kujaribu kupitia jamii nyiingi ili makosa yangu yasiendelee kujirudia mkuu na kuweka jamii zisizo hitajika katika makla husika '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ndugu, sitachoka kukuomba utazame masahihisho yangu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Nina kazi nyingi, sihitaji kupotezewa muda... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Sawa mku ntajaribu kupitia tena boss nsiendelee kurudia makosa nayoyarudia tena mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Marejeo == Usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:36, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nmeelewa ntafanya ivyo kama ulivyo nielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:39, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:48, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, nazidi kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako, ila usichoke kujifunza kwa kuangalia masahihisho ninayofanya katika makala zako. Kwa mfano, kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> si kwa ajili ya watu wote, hata kama ni wasanii. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu na nashukuru pia kwa uangalizi wako chini yangu na sitochoka kurudia nitizame ninapotakiwa kupaboresha zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:16, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ==Editathon== Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :sawa mkuu nimeelewa na haitojirudia tena kwani nitakua maakini zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 12 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> ==Shule== Ndugu, naona leo unashughulikia shule, lakini nyingi hazistahili kuwepo katika kamusi elezo, ila mojamoja iliyo muhimu kihistoria. Ukiendelea itakuwa kazi bure, makala zitafutwa. Pole na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Nimeelewa mkuu, ila kwa mtazamo wangu ni mojawapo ya huduma za Kijamii tena zinazotoa huduma kubwa za kielimu katika jamii husika, ningependa kujua pia kwanini iwe ivyo ama kuna vigezo gani vya kufikia ili makala kama izi zibakie Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kama kuendeleza maeneo muhimu ya kijamii '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> 0ydr2vi28yj9fgrxobb6rrbonyul9j6 1568994 1568971 2026-06-09T07:22:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC) == Jamii == Ndugu, katika kupunguza maneno ya makala, usiondoe kirahisi jamii hai, hasa zilizo sahihi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 29 Mei 2023 (UTC) :sawa boss nmekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) == Tafsiri Kompyuta == Ndugu nmejaribu kupitia makala zako, epuka kutumia tafsiri kompyuta katika uandishi ,jitahidi kumuelewesha msomaji na sio kuandika tu ili uhariri. Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) :sawa broh ntatizama ilo tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ::Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 09:36, 2 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ==Michezo== Ndugu, sasa umekazania michezo, nadhani u shabiki wa Simba. Ukiweka kigezo cha mbegu na jamii, angalia kama neno michezo inafaa kweli, kwa sababu ukimzungumzia mchezaji wa mpira, ni mtu, si mchezo. Hata ukisoma lebo inayotokea, utaona kwamba haifai. Weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> na <nowiki>jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania</nowiki> (au wa nchi nyingine). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 23 Machi 2024 (UTC) :shukran mkuu ntalifanyia kazi ili kuanzia sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Ndugu kuwa makini na maelekezo unayopata. usiende haraka punguza mwendo amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) :Sawa, pia angalia usianzishe makala kwa jina la Kiingereza, maana pengine zipo tayari kwa jina la Kiswahili kama mildfielder na forward. Tena, usitumie kama rejesho yale ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Nmeiona Boss, kwavile mimi bdo mchanga maoni yenu n muhimu ili niwe imara zaidi kwenye kuchangia Wikipedia in Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ==Zingatia Maelekezo na mashauri== Ndugu habari, naona umekua ukipewa maelekeo ya kufuata unapuuza na kuto kufanyia kazi. Vile vile umeambiwa marekebisho kadha hujarejea kufanya hiv. '''Nakupa onyo''' laasivyo utafungiwa. Pole na shida zangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 12 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :ningeomba msaada zaidi kwa ili maana nakumbuka makala za wachezaji zile na mbegu zake nlitafta upya na kuzipitia teena sasa sjajua ttizolangu lipo wapi apa maana mimi kweli sio kwamba nimkubwa ivyo kwenye uchangiaji sasa bila support yenu na kunielekeza nimekosea wapi stofika popote, ningeomba tuu unelekeze wapi nmekosea ili nsirudie makosa tena, atakama nkikosea bs mnielekeze ili baadae nije kua mzuri zaidi kwenye ku edit makala na kwa ufanisi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:00, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] Hakikisha ukiweka kiungo cha ndani kwa mfano [[2024]], kama kuna mwaka kama huo kwenye iyo makala usiweke tena [[2024]]. kuwa makini na unachokiandika. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 21:35, 14 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu kwa ushauri wako nimelihifadhi hilo na nitaendelea pia kulifanyia kazi lisijitokeze tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:30, 15 Aprili 2024 (UTC) ==Legeza mwendo!== Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :ahsante mkuu nitalifanyia kazi ilo iwezekanavyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :na pia ningeomba uniambie makala ipi ulio ipitia ili nijue kwa urahisi zaidi, labda sina uzoefu sana nashindwa kutambua makala zilizo editiwa na kufanyiwa maboresho ambazo nimeziandaa teyar, samahani kwa ili apa mkuu ningeomba unisaidie kwa ilo apo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:14, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :nimejaribukupitia mwenyewe nimeona mkuu makala ulizozi edit kwenye ukurasa wamaangalizi na pia nimeshaa jua ni nininilichopaswa kukifanya, hilonimelizingatia vizuri na ata makala zijazo nitalitilia mkazo zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :majina ya makala niliyaachakwa Lugha ya kiingereza, hili apa ndo kubwa nililolijua kua haikupaswa ivyo ntazidi kuboresha makala nitakazo endelea nazo mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[GPT-4]] == Ndugu, makala hii umetumia mashine kutafsiri. Hebu iboreshe kidogo angalau ile tone ya kiroboti iondoke. Pia, usitumie neno roboti badala yake, utumie AKILI MNEMBA. Maana kinachofanyika ndani yake ni zaidi ya roboti. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 13:22, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nalirejea ilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC) ==Kuboresha== :Ndugu, angalia masahihisho yangu ya makala zako juu ya wachezaji mpira ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Nimeona mkuu kwenye Jamii pale umensaidia kuongeza ni Watu walio Hai, tofauti na mimi nlikua nkiweka Waliohai, nimelizingatia ili mkuu ama kama kuna mabadiliko mengine naomba unambie mkuu ili niweze kuwa imara zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:40, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu, naona juhudi na maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo uendelee kuangalia marekebisho yangu ili kuboresha kazi yako zaidi na zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Ahsante mkuu kwa uangalizi wa karibu zaidi nitaendelea kuboresha zaidi kupitia uangalizi wako mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Long Vowels == The: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, they are NOT to be conflated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Application of [[w:en:Great Vowel Shift]] to ARABIC is very wrong. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29515|&#126;2024-29515]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29515|talk]]) 14:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == FAKE INTERWIKI == IPs are correcting you: [[wikidata:Special:Contributions/101.109.102.6]] You are mistaking PEOPLE for ACTION. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29579|&#126;2024-29579]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29579|talk]]) 18:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ==Mabano ya mwanzo== Ndugu, naona umeongeza maneno "tarehe" na "mwaka" katika mabano ya mwanzo, kumbe humo taarifa inatakiwa kutolewa kwa ufupi, si kama sentensi zinazofuata. Naomba urudishe mwenyewe mabadilisho hayo kwa sababu mimi nina kazi nyingi tayari. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 15 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bumble]] == Makala ya mashine. Nimesoma sijaelewa. Hebu iboreshe kibadamu. Mfano, kupiga kushoto au kulia ni nini? Ielezee katika muundo wa tendo rahisi hata mtu ambaye haitumii aelewe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:11, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Tanbihi]] - I moja == Tanbihi - "I" '''MOJA''' [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-50774|&#126;2025-50774]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-50774|talk]]) 17:10, 30 Aprili 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34513-89|&#126;2025-34513-89]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34513-89|talk]]) 08:29, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana == Ndugu hongera kwa kujitahidi kurekebisha makala, naomba uzifanye ziwe ndefu kidogo, zionyeshe umuhimu wa kuwepo kwenye kiswahili.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:57, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu, ntajitaidi kwailo mkuu ziwe ndefu zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu, unajitahidi kweli, lakini bado kuna makosa mbalimbali, hasa upande wa jamii. Naomba upitie masahihisho niliyofanya leo katika makala zako ili usirudierudie mapungufu yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante mkuu nalifanyia kazi ilo sasaivi apa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Sasa unaweka jamii nyingi mno!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::Nitajaribu kuweka mkuu zinazohisuka sana na zisizo beba vitu viingi, yaani ntajaribu kuweke za wastani sio saana '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::Hii ni baada ya kujaribu kupitia jamii nyiingi ili makosa yangu yasiendelee kujirudia mkuu na kuweka jamii zisizo hitajika katika makla husika '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ndugu, sitachoka kukuomba utazame masahihisho yangu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Nina kazi nyingi, sihitaji kupotezewa muda... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Sawa mku ntajaribu kupitia tena boss nsiendelee kurudia makosa nayoyarudia tena mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Marejeo == Usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:36, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nmeelewa ntafanya ivyo kama ulivyo nielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:39, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:48, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, nazidi kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako, ila usichoke kujifunza kwa kuangalia masahihisho ninayofanya katika makala zako. Kwa mfano, kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> si kwa ajili ya watu wote, hata kama ni wasanii. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu na nashukuru pia kwa uangalizi wako chini yangu na sitochoka kurudia nitizame ninapotakiwa kupaboresha zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:16, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ==Editathon== Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :sawa mkuu nimeelewa na haitojirudia tena kwani nitakua maakini zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 12 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> ==Shule== Ndugu, naona leo unashughulikia shule, lakini nyingi hazistahili kuwepo katika kamusi elezo, ila mojamoja iliyo muhimu kihistoria. Ukiendelea itakuwa kazi bure, makala zitafutwa. Pole na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Nimeelewa mkuu, ila kwa mtazamo wangu ni mojawapo ya huduma za Kijamii tena zinazotoa huduma kubwa za kielimu katika jamii husika, ningependa kujua pia kwanini iwe ivyo ama kuna vigezo gani vya kufikia ili makala kama izi zibakie Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kama kuendeleza maeneo muhimu ya kijamii '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Ndugu, encyclopaedia ni tofauti na directory. Hizi shule zinaweza kutambulishwa katika directory, lakini encyclopaedia ni kamusi elezo kuhusu mada zenye uzito katika ujuzi wetu unaotusaidia kuelewa ulimwengu na maisha yetu ndani yake. Mimi mwenyewe naendesha sekondari 4 Morogoro, lakini mwanafunzi wangu mmoja alipotunga makala juu ya mojawapo, ilifutwa na marehemu Kipala, wala sikulalamika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> 9hzn9dyarkp6tppceouop866w8do391 1569000 1568994 2026-06-09T07:42:12Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 /* Shule */ Jibu 1569000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC) == Jamii == Ndugu, katika kupunguza maneno ya makala, usiondoe kirahisi jamii hai, hasa zilizo sahihi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 29 Mei 2023 (UTC) :sawa boss nmekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) == Tafsiri Kompyuta == Ndugu nmejaribu kupitia makala zako, epuka kutumia tafsiri kompyuta katika uandishi ,jitahidi kumuelewesha msomaji na sio kuandika tu ili uhariri. Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) :sawa broh ntatizama ilo tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ::Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 09:36, 2 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ==Michezo== Ndugu, sasa umekazania michezo, nadhani u shabiki wa Simba. Ukiweka kigezo cha mbegu na jamii, angalia kama neno michezo inafaa kweli, kwa sababu ukimzungumzia mchezaji wa mpira, ni mtu, si mchezo. Hata ukisoma lebo inayotokea, utaona kwamba haifai. Weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> na <nowiki>jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania</nowiki> (au wa nchi nyingine). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 23 Machi 2024 (UTC) :shukran mkuu ntalifanyia kazi ili kuanzia sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Ndugu kuwa makini na maelekezo unayopata. usiende haraka punguza mwendo amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) :Sawa, pia angalia usianzishe makala kwa jina la Kiingereza, maana pengine zipo tayari kwa jina la Kiswahili kama mildfielder na forward. Tena, usitumie kama rejesho yale ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Nmeiona Boss, kwavile mimi bdo mchanga maoni yenu n muhimu ili niwe imara zaidi kwenye kuchangia Wikipedia in Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ==Zingatia Maelekezo na mashauri== Ndugu habari, naona umekua ukipewa maelekeo ya kufuata unapuuza na kuto kufanyia kazi. Vile vile umeambiwa marekebisho kadha hujarejea kufanya hiv. '''Nakupa onyo''' laasivyo utafungiwa. Pole na shida zangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 12 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :ningeomba msaada zaidi kwa ili maana nakumbuka makala za wachezaji zile na mbegu zake nlitafta upya na kuzipitia teena sasa sjajua ttizolangu lipo wapi apa maana mimi kweli sio kwamba nimkubwa ivyo kwenye uchangiaji sasa bila support yenu na kunielekeza nimekosea wapi stofika popote, ningeomba tuu unelekeze wapi nmekosea ili nsirudie makosa tena, atakama nkikosea bs mnielekeze ili baadae nije kua mzuri zaidi kwenye ku edit makala na kwa ufanisi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:00, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] Hakikisha ukiweka kiungo cha ndani kwa mfano [[2024]], kama kuna mwaka kama huo kwenye iyo makala usiweke tena [[2024]]. kuwa makini na unachokiandika. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 21:35, 14 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu kwa ushauri wako nimelihifadhi hilo na nitaendelea pia kulifanyia kazi lisijitokeze tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:30, 15 Aprili 2024 (UTC) ==Legeza mwendo!== Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :ahsante mkuu nitalifanyia kazi ilo iwezekanavyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :na pia ningeomba uniambie makala ipi ulio ipitia ili nijue kwa urahisi zaidi, labda sina uzoefu sana nashindwa kutambua makala zilizo editiwa na kufanyiwa maboresho ambazo nimeziandaa teyar, samahani kwa ili apa mkuu ningeomba unisaidie kwa ilo apo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:14, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :nimejaribukupitia mwenyewe nimeona mkuu makala ulizozi edit kwenye ukurasa wamaangalizi na pia nimeshaa jua ni nininilichopaswa kukifanya, hilonimelizingatia vizuri na ata makala zijazo nitalitilia mkazo zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :majina ya makala niliyaachakwa Lugha ya kiingereza, hili apa ndo kubwa nililolijua kua haikupaswa ivyo ntazidi kuboresha makala nitakazo endelea nazo mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[GPT-4]] == Ndugu, makala hii umetumia mashine kutafsiri. Hebu iboreshe kidogo angalau ile tone ya kiroboti iondoke. Pia, usitumie neno roboti badala yake, utumie AKILI MNEMBA. Maana kinachofanyika ndani yake ni zaidi ya roboti. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 13:22, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nalirejea ilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC) ==Kuboresha== :Ndugu, angalia masahihisho yangu ya makala zako juu ya wachezaji mpira ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Nimeona mkuu kwenye Jamii pale umensaidia kuongeza ni Watu walio Hai, tofauti na mimi nlikua nkiweka Waliohai, nimelizingatia ili mkuu ama kama kuna mabadiliko mengine naomba unambie mkuu ili niweze kuwa imara zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:40, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu, naona juhudi na maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo uendelee kuangalia marekebisho yangu ili kuboresha kazi yako zaidi na zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Ahsante mkuu kwa uangalizi wa karibu zaidi nitaendelea kuboresha zaidi kupitia uangalizi wako mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Long Vowels == The: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, they are NOT to be conflated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Application of [[w:en:Great Vowel Shift]] to ARABIC is very wrong. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29515|&#126;2024-29515]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29515|talk]]) 14:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == FAKE INTERWIKI == IPs are correcting you: [[wikidata:Special:Contributions/101.109.102.6]] You are mistaking PEOPLE for ACTION. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29579|&#126;2024-29579]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29579|talk]]) 18:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ==Mabano ya mwanzo== Ndugu, naona umeongeza maneno "tarehe" na "mwaka" katika mabano ya mwanzo, kumbe humo taarifa inatakiwa kutolewa kwa ufupi, si kama sentensi zinazofuata. Naomba urudishe mwenyewe mabadilisho hayo kwa sababu mimi nina kazi nyingi tayari. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 15 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bumble]] == Makala ya mashine. Nimesoma sijaelewa. Hebu iboreshe kibadamu. Mfano, kupiga kushoto au kulia ni nini? Ielezee katika muundo wa tendo rahisi hata mtu ambaye haitumii aelewe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:11, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Tanbihi]] - I moja == Tanbihi - "I" '''MOJA''' [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-50774|&#126;2025-50774]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-50774|talk]]) 17:10, 30 Aprili 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34513-89|&#126;2025-34513-89]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34513-89|talk]]) 08:29, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana == Ndugu hongera kwa kujitahidi kurekebisha makala, naomba uzifanye ziwe ndefu kidogo, zionyeshe umuhimu wa kuwepo kwenye kiswahili.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:57, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu, ntajitaidi kwailo mkuu ziwe ndefu zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu, unajitahidi kweli, lakini bado kuna makosa mbalimbali, hasa upande wa jamii. Naomba upitie masahihisho niliyofanya leo katika makala zako ili usirudierudie mapungufu yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante mkuu nalifanyia kazi ilo sasaivi apa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Sasa unaweka jamii nyingi mno!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::Nitajaribu kuweka mkuu zinazohisuka sana na zisizo beba vitu viingi, yaani ntajaribu kuweke za wastani sio saana '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::Hii ni baada ya kujaribu kupitia jamii nyiingi ili makosa yangu yasiendelee kujirudia mkuu na kuweka jamii zisizo hitajika katika makla husika '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ndugu, sitachoka kukuomba utazame masahihisho yangu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Nina kazi nyingi, sihitaji kupotezewa muda... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Sawa mku ntajaribu kupitia tena boss nsiendelee kurudia makosa nayoyarudia tena mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Marejeo == Usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:36, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nmeelewa ntafanya ivyo kama ulivyo nielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:39, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:48, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, nazidi kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako, ila usichoke kujifunza kwa kuangalia masahihisho ninayofanya katika makala zako. Kwa mfano, kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> si kwa ajili ya watu wote, hata kama ni wasanii. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu na nashukuru pia kwa uangalizi wako chini yangu na sitochoka kurudia nitizame ninapotakiwa kupaboresha zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:16, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ==Editathon== Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :sawa mkuu nimeelewa na haitojirudia tena kwani nitakua maakini zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 12 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> ==Shule== Ndugu, naona leo unashughulikia shule, lakini nyingi hazistahili kuwepo katika kamusi elezo, ila mojamoja iliyo muhimu kihistoria. Ukiendelea itakuwa kazi bure, makala zitafutwa. Pole na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Nimeelewa mkuu, ila kwa mtazamo wangu ni mojawapo ya huduma za Kijamii tena zinazotoa huduma kubwa za kielimu katika jamii husika, ningependa kujua pia kwanini iwe ivyo ama kuna vigezo gani vya kufikia ili makala kama izi zibakie Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kama kuendeleza maeneo muhimu ya kijamii '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Ndugu, encyclopaedia ni tofauti na directory. Hizi shule zinaweza kutambulishwa katika directory, lakini encyclopaedia ni kamusi elezo kuhusu mada zenye uzito katika ujuzi wetu unaotusaidia kuelewa ulimwengu na maisha yetu ndani yake. Mimi mwenyewe naendesha sekondari 4 Morogoro, lakini mwanafunzi wangu mmoja alipotunga makala juu ya mojawapo, ilifutwa na marehemu Kipala, wala sikulalamika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) :::nhaa sawa mkuu apo nimeelewa vizuri na ahsante pia kwa ushauri '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:42, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> iahlhrniwsih1kwqgcok2a2hvr68fff 1569010 1569000 2026-06-09T08:19:57Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 /* Thank you */ Jibu 1569010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC) == Jamii == Ndugu, katika kupunguza maneno ya makala, usiondoe kirahisi jamii hai, hasa zilizo sahihi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 29 Mei 2023 (UTC) :sawa boss nmekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) == Tafsiri Kompyuta == Ndugu nmejaribu kupitia makala zako, epuka kutumia tafsiri kompyuta katika uandishi ,jitahidi kumuelewesha msomaji na sio kuandika tu ili uhariri. Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) :sawa broh ntatizama ilo tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ::Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 09:36, 2 Novemba 2023 (UTC) ==Michezo== Ndugu, sasa umekazania michezo, nadhani u shabiki wa Simba. Ukiweka kigezo cha mbegu na jamii, angalia kama neno michezo inafaa kweli, kwa sababu ukimzungumzia mchezaji wa mpira, ni mtu, si mchezo. Hata ukisoma lebo inayotokea, utaona kwamba haifai. Weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> na <nowiki>jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania</nowiki> (au wa nchi nyingine). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 23 Machi 2024 (UTC) :shukran mkuu ntalifanyia kazi ili kuanzia sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Ndugu kuwa makini na maelekezo unayopata. usiende haraka punguza mwendo amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) :Sawa, pia angalia usianzishe makala kwa jina la Kiingereza, maana pengine zipo tayari kwa jina la Kiswahili kama mildfielder na forward. Tena, usitumie kama rejesho yale ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ::Nmeiona Boss, kwavile mimi bdo mchanga maoni yenu n muhimu ili niwe imara zaidi kwenye kuchangia Wikipedia in Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC) ==Zingatia Maelekezo na mashauri== Ndugu habari, naona umekua ukipewa maelekeo ya kufuata unapuuza na kuto kufanyia kazi. Vile vile umeambiwa marekebisho kadha hujarejea kufanya hiv. '''Nakupa onyo''' laasivyo utafungiwa. Pole na shida zangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 12 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :ningeomba msaada zaidi kwa ili maana nakumbuka makala za wachezaji zile na mbegu zake nlitafta upya na kuzipitia teena sasa sjajua ttizolangu lipo wapi apa maana mimi kweli sio kwamba nimkubwa ivyo kwenye uchangiaji sasa bila support yenu na kunielekeza nimekosea wapi stofika popote, ningeomba tuu unelekeze wapi nmekosea ili nsirudie makosa tena, atakama nkikosea bs mnielekeze ili baadae nije kua mzuri zaidi kwenye ku edit makala na kwa ufanisi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:00, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] Hakikisha ukiweka kiungo cha ndani kwa mfano [[2024]], kama kuna mwaka kama huo kwenye iyo makala usiweke tena [[2024]]. kuwa makini na unachokiandika. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 21:35, 14 Aprili 2024 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu kwa ushauri wako nimelihifadhi hilo na nitaendelea pia kulifanyia kazi lisijitokeze tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:30, 15 Aprili 2024 (UTC) ==Legeza mwendo!== Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :ahsante mkuu nitalifanyia kazi ilo iwezekanavyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :na pia ningeomba uniambie makala ipi ulio ipitia ili nijue kwa urahisi zaidi, labda sina uzoefu sana nashindwa kutambua makala zilizo editiwa na kufanyiwa maboresho ambazo nimeziandaa teyar, samahani kwa ili apa mkuu ningeomba unisaidie kwa ilo apo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:14, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :nimejaribukupitia mwenyewe nimeona mkuu makala ulizozi edit kwenye ukurasa wamaangalizi na pia nimeshaa jua ni nininilichopaswa kukifanya, hilonimelizingatia vizuri na ata makala zijazo nitalitilia mkazo zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) :majina ya makala niliyaachakwa Lugha ya kiingereza, hili apa ndo kubwa nililolijua kua haikupaswa ivyo ntazidi kuboresha makala nitakazo endelea nazo mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[GPT-4]] == Ndugu, makala hii umetumia mashine kutafsiri. Hebu iboreshe kidogo angalau ile tone ya kiroboti iondoke. Pia, usitumie neno roboti badala yake, utumie AKILI MNEMBA. Maana kinachofanyika ndani yake ni zaidi ya roboti. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 13:22, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nalirejea ilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC) ==Kuboresha== :Ndugu, angalia masahihisho yangu ya makala zako juu ya wachezaji mpira ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Nimeona mkuu kwenye Jamii pale umensaidia kuongeza ni Watu walio Hai, tofauti na mimi nlikua nkiweka Waliohai, nimelizingatia ili mkuu ama kama kuna mabadiliko mengine naomba unambie mkuu ili niweze kuwa imara zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:40, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu, naona juhudi na maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo uendelee kuangalia marekebisho yangu ili kuboresha kazi yako zaidi na zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Ahsante mkuu kwa uangalizi wa karibu zaidi nitaendelea kuboresha zaidi kupitia uangalizi wako mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Long Vowels == The: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, they are NOT to be conflated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Application of [[w:en:Great Vowel Shift]] to ARABIC is very wrong. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29515|&#126;2024-29515]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29515|talk]]) 14:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == FAKE INTERWIKI == IPs are correcting you: [[wikidata:Special:Contributions/101.109.102.6]] You are mistaking PEOPLE for ACTION. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-29579|&#126;2024-29579]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-29579|talk]]) 18:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ==Mabano ya mwanzo== Ndugu, naona umeongeza maneno "tarehe" na "mwaka" katika mabano ya mwanzo, kumbe humo taarifa inatakiwa kutolewa kwa ufupi, si kama sentensi zinazofuata. Naomba urudishe mwenyewe mabadilisho hayo kwa sababu mimi nina kazi nyingi tayari. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 15 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bumble]] == Makala ya mashine. Nimesoma sijaelewa. Hebu iboreshe kibadamu. Mfano, kupiga kushoto au kulia ni nini? Ielezee katika muundo wa tendo rahisi hata mtu ambaye haitumii aelewe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:11, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Tanbihi]] - I moja == Tanbihi - "I" '''MOJA''' [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-50774|&#126;2025-50774]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-50774|talk]]) 17:10, 30 Aprili 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34513-89|&#126;2025-34513-89]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34513-89|talk]]) 08:29, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana == Ndugu hongera kwa kujitahidi kurekebisha makala, naomba uzifanye ziwe ndefu kidogo, zionyeshe umuhimu wa kuwepo kwenye kiswahili.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:57, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ahsante mkuu, ntajitaidi kwailo mkuu ziwe ndefu zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu, unajitahidi kweli, lakini bado kuna makosa mbalimbali, hasa upande wa jamii. Naomba upitie masahihisho niliyofanya leo katika makala zako ili usirudierudie mapungufu yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Ahsante mkuu nalifanyia kazi ilo sasaivi apa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::Sasa unaweka jamii nyingi mno!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::Nitajaribu kuweka mkuu zinazohisuka sana na zisizo beba vitu viingi, yaani ntajaribu kuweke za wastani sio saana '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::Hii ni baada ya kujaribu kupitia jamii nyiingi ili makosa yangu yasiendelee kujirudia mkuu na kuweka jamii zisizo hitajika katika makla husika '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::::::Ndugu, sitachoka kukuomba utazame masahihisho yangu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Nina kazi nyingi, sihitaji kupotezewa muda... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Sawa mku ntajaribu kupitia tena boss nsiendelee kurudia makosa nayoyarudia tena mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Marejeo == Usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:36, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu nmeelewa ntafanya ivyo kama ulivyo nielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:39, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34674-59|&#126;2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:48, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, nazidi kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako, ila usichoke kujifunza kwa kuangalia masahihisho ninayofanya katika makala zako. Kwa mfano, kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> si kwa ajili ya watu wote, hata kama ni wasanii. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa mkuu na nashukuru pia kwa uangalizi wako chini yangu na sitochoka kurudia nitizame ninapotakiwa kupaboresha zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:16, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ==Editathon== Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :sawa mkuu nimeelewa na haitojirudia tena kwani nitakua maakini zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 12 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> ==Shule== Ndugu, naona leo unashughulikia shule, lakini nyingi hazistahili kuwepo katika kamusi elezo, ila mojamoja iliyo muhimu kihistoria. Ukiendelea itakuwa kazi bure, makala zitafutwa. Pole na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Nimeelewa mkuu, ila kwa mtazamo wangu ni mojawapo ya huduma za Kijamii tena zinazotoa huduma kubwa za kielimu katika jamii husika, ningependa kujua pia kwanini iwe ivyo ama kuna vigezo gani vya kufikia ili makala kama izi zibakie Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kama kuendeleza maeneo muhimu ya kijamii '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Ndugu, encyclopaedia ni tofauti na directory. Hizi shule zinaweza kutambulishwa katika directory, lakini encyclopaedia ni kamusi elezo kuhusu mada zenye uzito katika ujuzi wetu unaotusaidia kuelewa ulimwengu na maisha yetu ndani yake. Mimi mwenyewe naendesha sekondari 4 Morogoro, lakini mwanafunzi wangu mmoja alipotunga makala juu ya mojawapo, ilifutwa na marehemu Kipala, wala sikulalamika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) :::nhaa sawa mkuu apo nimeelewa vizuri na ahsante pia kwa ushauri '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:42, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Dear Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team, :Thank you very much for your email and for recognizing my contributions to the Feminism and Folklore 2026 campaign. I am truly honored and grateful to be included among the Top Global Winners. :I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the organizing team for creating such an impactful campaign that promotes knowledge sharing and cultural representation across Wikimedia projects. It has been a privilege to participate and contribute to this important initiative. :I have one question regarding the award announcement. While I am delighted to learn that I am among the Top Global Winners, I could not find information about my specific ranking or position in the results. Since the appreciation form includes a section asking whether the participant was 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or another position, I would be grateful if you could kindly clarify my ranking. :Thank you once again for this recognition. I look forward to your response and to continuing to contribute to Wikimedia projects in the future. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:19, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> no1qand62dtkkog48q2714p5x61ebx7 0 177051 1569097 1331917 2026-06-09T11:33:37Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muriet.flac|thumb|Muriet]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[kata]] mojawapo ya [[Wilaya ya Arusha Mjini]] katika [[Mkoa wa Arusha]], [[Tanzania]]. Awali ilikuwa kata ya [[Wilaya ya Arumeru]]. Wakati wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mwaka wa [[2022]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 60,209 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref> waishio humo. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa [[2002]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 18,188 waishio humo. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/arumeru.htm|title=Repoti Kuu ya Hesabu ya Sensa ya Watu na Makazi kwa Mwaka wa 2002|publisher=Serikali ya [[Tanzania]]|language=en|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080223/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/arumeru.htm|archivedate=2004-01-02}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Arusha mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-arusha}} [[Jamii:Kata za Mkoa wa Arusha]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Arusha]] 94srg469fr0ubh5zmkevb157yyncjv8 0 178230 1569093 1317719 2026-06-09T11:25:30Z Husseyn Issa 44885 1569093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mlowa.flac|thumb|Mlowa]] '''Mlowa''' ni jina la [[kata]] mbalimbali nchini [[Tanzania]]: * [[Mlowa (Iringa)]] * [[Mlowa (Makambako)]] * [[Mlowa Barabarani]] * [[Mlowa Bwawani]] {{maana}} 0a06cuh2le99hx3i2sauusbggec96m5 0 197670 1569059 1386558 2026-06-09T09:55:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emilio Antonio Echevarría Noriega''' ([[3 Julai]] [[1944]] – [[4 Januari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Meksiko]]. <ref>{{cite web|first=Mariana|last=Lebrija Clavel|title=Muere Emilio Echeverría, "el Chivo" de "Amores Perros", a los 80 años|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/muere-emilio-echeverria-el-chivo-de-amores-perros-a-los-80-anos/|website=El Universal|date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Andrea|last=Hernández|title=Muere Emilio Echevarría, querido actor que interpretó a "El Chivo" en "Amores Perros"|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/muere-emilio-echevarria-actor-interpreto-el-chivo-amores-perros/1692626|website=Excélsior|date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|language=es}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] rgjxpe6hz687z2eqk57gcg6jq35hyzk 0 198041 1569061 1431798 2026-06-09T09:56:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martha Mijares''' ([[19 Januari]] [[1938]] – [[18 Oktoba]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu wa [[Meksiko]]. Alionekana katika filamu ishirini na saba kati ya mwaka [[1954]] na [[1960]], zikiwemo filamu za uhalifu na matukio kama ''Raffles''. Alikuwa sehemu ya enzi ya dhahabu ya sinema ya Mexico. <ref>Sicre p.32</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] 7ayawhfg0ssm5ndej17pnd9u84undke 0 201950 1569066 1401885 2026-06-09T09:58:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569066 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norma Helen García Mora Starr''' ([[30 Aprili]] [[1943]] – [[11 Februari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Meksiko]]. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wa mwisho wa enzi ya dhahabu ya sinema ya Meksiko.<ref name="univision">[https://www.univision.com/famosos/muere-norma-mora-actriz-epoca-oro-cine-mexicano Muere legendaria actriz de la Época de Oro del cine mexicano] {{in lang|es}}</ref><ref>[https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/espectaculos/2025/02/12/muere-norma-mora-actriz-mexicana-que-trabajo-con-tin-tan-y-el-santo-quien-era-que-le-paso/ Muere Norma Mora a los 81 años: ¿Qué le pasó a la actriz que trabajó con Tin Tan y El Santo?] {{in lang|es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nombres artísticos|url=http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=764703|website=Diario Oficial de la Federación|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Sonia Furió, María Duval y Norma Mora tres bellas del cine mexicano">{{cite news|title=Sonia Furió, María Duval y Norma Mora tres bellas del cine mexicano|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pbgcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q3oEAAAAIBAJ&dq=maria%20duval&pg=1026%2C13891736|accessdate=23 January 2014|newspaper=[[La Nación (San José)|La Nación]]|date=October 9, 1961}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Mora alizaliwa Mexico City mnamo 30 Aprili 1943, na alikuwa na asili ya [[Kiarabu]], [[Eire|Kiayalandi]], na [[Kiyahudi]]. Mnamo [[1959]], alishinda shindano la urembo lililodhaminiwa na jarida maarufu la Meksiko. Aliigiza katika filamu kadhaa maarufu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''Qué perra vida'' ([[1963]]), ambapo alicheza kama mpinzani, na ''Los astronautas'' ([[1964]]), ambapo alicheza kama mpenzi wa Capulina, Rauna, kutoka sayari ya [[Venus]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] f2vg0m3af15um8y734ru8nvd21s6j14 0 201966 1569068 1523250 2026-06-09T09:59:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Paquita la del Barrio.jpg|thumb|Francisca Viveros Barradas]] '''Francisca Viveros Barradas''' (anajulikana kama ''Paquita la del Barrio'', "Paquita kutoka kwa jirani"; [[2 Aprili]] [[1947]] – [[17 Februari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]], mtunzi wa nyimbo, na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa mrembo aliyepewa tuzo ya [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] ambaye alifanya kazi katika aina za muziki za rancheras, boleros na aina nyingine za muziki wa jadi na wa kisasa wa Mexico. <ref name="Grammy2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2011&genre=17|title=2011 - 54th Annual GRAMMY Awards Nominees And Winners: Latin Field|publisher=[[Recording Academy|The Recording Academy]]|date=November 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/mexico/2025/02/17/casa-paquita-el-verdadero-motivo-por-el-que-cerro-las-puertas-el-famoso-restaurante-de-la-cantante/|title=Casa Paquita: el verdadero motivo por el que cerró las puertas el famoso restaurante de la cantante|publisher=Infobae|accessdate=February 17, 2025|date=February 17, 2025|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/latino/paquita-la-del-barrio-diary-mad-mexican-woman-article-1.303394|title=Paquita la del Barrio: Diary of a mad Mexican woman|last=González|first=Edurne Uriarte, Carolina|website=nydailynews.com|access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] mb6wz66t9oxmyrzroaixo27snt5qx1h 0 202021 1569072 1402286 2026-06-09T10:02:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Tongolele in a photograph from circa 1950s (cropped).jpg|thumb|Yolanda Montes]] '''Yolanda Montes''' (anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii ''Tongolele''; [[3 Januari]] [[1932]] – [[Februari 16]], [[2025]]) alikuwa mcheza densi, [[mwigizaji]], na ''vedette'' wa Meksiko–Marekani. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa miongoni mwa nyota wa mwisho waliosalia kutoka katika Enzi ya Dhahabu ya Sinema ya [[Meksiko]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=López Durán|first1=Mariel|title=Muere Tongolele, "La Diosa pantera", a los 93 años|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/muere-tongolele-la-diosa-pantera-a-los-93-anos/|access-date=17 February 2025|work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|date=17 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="excelsior.com.mx">{{cite web|url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/2015/01/02/1000507|title=Yolanda Montez 'Tongolele' cumplirá años tras ser galardonada|date=January 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariodecuba.com/cultura/1365248487_2645.html|title=Tongolele en La Habana|date=October 18, 2019}}</ref><ref name="informador.com.mx">{{cite web|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2010/167242/6/llega-tongolele-a-78-anos-como-la-bailarina-mas-famosa-de-america.htm|title=Llega Tongolele a 78 años como la bailarina más famosa de América}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] a8fis59bk2xurwq15bxgtu4zahr2irl 0 203781 1569005 1540196 2026-06-09T08:04:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Nwando Achebe''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]] [[1970]]) ni mwanataaluma wa [[Nigeria]]-[[Marekani]], msimamizi wa kitaaluma, mwanazuoni wa masuala ya wanawake na mwanahistoria aliyeshinda tuzo nyingi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation|title=Seeing The Whole Dance: Nwando Achebe WS '00 Brings New Perspective to African Women's Power|url=http://woodrow.org/about/fellows/achebe-nwando/|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-date=2017-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624011925/http://woodrow.org/about/fellows/achebe-nwando/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni Jack na Margaret Sweet Profesa wa Historia <ref>{{cite web|title=Nwando Achebe, Department of History|url=http://history.msu.edu/people/faculty/nwando-achebe/|access-date=13 May 2017|archive-date=2017-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614142130/http://history.msu.edu/people/faculty/nwando-achebe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Dean Mshiriki wa Ufikiaji, Ukuzaji wa Kitivo, na Utekelezaji wa Strstegic katika Chuo cha Sayansi ya Jamii <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Associate Dean of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion|url=https://socialscience.msu.edu/about/leadership/faculty-excel-advocate.html|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807173058/https://socialscience.msu.edu/about/leadership/faculty-excel-advocate.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Michigan. Yeye pia ni mwanzilishi mhariri mkuu wa Jarida la Historia ya [[Afrika Magharibi.]] <ref>{{cite web|last1=OkayAfrica International Edition|title=Why It is Crucial to Locate the "African" in African Studies|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/op-ed-2/crucial-locate-african-african-studies/|website=okayafrica.com|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-date=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709134530/http://www.okayafrica.com/op-ed-2/crucial-locate-african-african-studies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karne ya 19 na 20, Kitamaduni, Kisiasa, Kidini, Kijamii, Wanawake na Jinsia<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Nwando Achebe – Department of History |url=https://history.msu.edu/people/faculty/nwando-achebe/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Asili == Nwando Achebe alizaliwa [[Enugu]], mashariki mwa Nigeria <ref>{{cite web|last1=Daily Trust Newspaper|title=Nigeria: Nwando Achebe--The Woman and Her Works|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201510261741.html|website=All Africa|access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref> kwa mwandishi, [[mwandishi]] wa insha na mshairi kutoka Nigeria, Chinua Achebe na Christie Chinwe Achebe, profesa wa elimu. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Offiong|first1=Vanessa|title=Nigeria: Nwando Achebe--The Woman and Her Works|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201510261741.html|website=AllAfrica|access-date=11 May 2017}}</ref> Yeye ni mume wa Folu Ogundimu, profesa wa uandishi wa habari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la [[Michigan]] na mama wa binti, Chino. <ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the Winner of the 2013 Aidoo-Snyder Prize--Dr. Nwando Achebe|url=http://africanstudiesassociation.org/publications/asa-news/november-2013-56th-annual-meeting/283-meet-the-winner-of-the-aidoo-snyder-book-prize-dr-nwando-achebe|website=African Studies Association|access-date=13 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331172121/http://africanstudiesassociation.org/publications/asa-news/november-2013-56th-annual-meeting/283-meet-the-winner-of-the-aidoo-snyder-book-prize-dr-nwando-achebe|archive-date=31 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kaka yake mkubwa, Chidi Chike Achebe ni daktari-mtendaji. == Elimu na taaluma == Achebe alipokea Ph.D. katika Historia ya Afrika kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[California]], [[Los Angeles]] mwaka [[2000]]. Mwanahistoria simulizi kwa mafunzo, maeneo yake ya utaalamu ni Historia ya Afrika Magharibi, historia za wanawake, jinsia na ujinsia. Mnamo [[1996]] na [[1998]], alihudumu kama Ford Foundation na Fulbright-Hays Scholar-in-Residence katika Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Kiafrika na Idara ya Historia na Mafunzo ya Kimataifa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka. Nafasi yake ya kwanza ya kitaaluma ilikuwa kama profesa msaidizi wa historia katika Chuo cha William na Mary. Kisha akahamia Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la [[Michigan]] mnamo [[2005]] kama profesa msaidizi aliyeajiriwa, Profesa mnamo [[2010]], na kwa sasa ni Profesa wa Jack na Margaret Tamu Aliyejaliwa. == Ufadhili wa masomo == Amechapisha vitabu sita. Kitabu chake cha kwanza, ''Wakulima'', ''Wafanyabiashara'', ''Mashujaa'' na ''Wafalme'': ''Nguvu za Kike'' na ''Mamlaka katika Igboland ya Kaskazini'', [[1900]]–[[1960]], kilichapishwa na Heinemann mwaka [[2005]]. Kilitangazwa kama “kihistoria katika historia ya Afrika”<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Book Blurb, Farmers, Traders, Warriors, and Kings: Female Power and Authority in Northern Igboland, 1900–1960|url=https://www.heinemann.com/products/e07078.aspx|last=Okpewho|first=Isidore|date=2005|website=Heinemann Books}}</ref> na Profesa na mwandishi mashuhuri, [[Isidore Okpewho]], na "tukio kuu la uchapishaji wa jinsia na uchapishaji wa Kiafrika." msomi wa masuala ya wanawake, Obioma Nnaemeka, Wakulima, Wafanyabiashara, Wapiganaji na Wafalme wa Achebe anawakilisha mchango muhimu katika kuelewa jinsia na historia ya wanawake katika [[Afrika]], pamoja na mabadiliko ya kisiasa na kidini katika kipindi cha [[ukoloni]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Obioma|first=Nnaemeka|title=Book Blub, Farmers, Traders, Warriors, and Kings: Female Power and Authority in Northern Igboland, 1900–1960|url=https://www.heinemann.com/products/e07078.aspx}}</ref> Uingiliaji kati muhimu na endelevu katika mijadala juu ya mbinu ya kihistoria ya [[ufeministi]], kitabu hiki kinazingatia kile Achebe anachokisia kama "kanuni ya kiroho ya kike" na maisha ya wanawake wa Igbo kaskazini kwa njia ambazo maandishi yaliyopo kwenye historia ya Igbo hayafanyi, kwa kuwasilisha kama washiriki hai katika kuunda Igboland ya kaskazini. Katika utafiti huo, historia za kijinsia za kaskazini mwa Igbo zinatumika kupinga imani potofu zilizopokewa ambazo zinawatambulisha wanawake wa Kiafrika kama wasaidizi kwa kuibua maswali na kuwasilisha ushahidi kuhusu asili ya kweli ya mamlaka na mamlaka ya wanawake katika jamii hii ya Igbo.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40034048] Mwandishi anabainisha kile anachokizingatia miundo ya kidini, kiuchumi na kisiasa ambayo iliruhusu wanawake kufikia hatua za mamlaka wakati wa kabla ya ukoloni au tupu ndi ocha abia enzi; pamoja na athari za ukoloni na uvamizi wa kimisionari kwenye miundo hii ya zamani na chaguzi za wanawake. Kama sehemu ya usomi, Wakulima, Wafanyabiashara, Mashujaa, na Wafalme haina kifani katika kujihusisha kwake na maana ya kiasili, tafsiri na uelewa. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] do0mgb82rsifc8v3y7v2m76cuzoqljr 0 204558 1569057 1457604 2026-06-09T09:54:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1569057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belinda Peregrín Schüll''' (anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu '''Belinda''', alizaliwa [[15 Agosti]] [[1989]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Hispania]]-[[Mexiko]]. Ameishi [[Mexico City]] tangu utotoni. Mnamo mwaka [[2000]], alianza kazi yake kama mwigizaji mtoto akiwa na umri wa miaka 10 alipochaguliwa kuongoza katika telenovela ya watoto ya Mexico "''Amigos x Siempre''." Baadaye alionekana katika "Aventuras en el tiempo" ([[2001]]) na "Cómplices Al Rescate" ([[2002]]).<ref name="edad">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Acerca de mí |url=http://www.belinda.com/biografia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610173751/http://www.belinda.com/biografia.html |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=10 June 2020 |publisher=Belinda.com}}</ref> Albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio, yenye jina lake "''Belinda''" ([[2003]]), ilifanikiwa kibiashara, ikiuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 1.1 duniani. Albamu hiyo ilizaa nyimbo nyingi za mafanikio, ikiwa ni pamoja na "Lo Siento" na "Vivir," zilizokuwa mandhari ya telenovela ya [[2004]] "Corazones al límite." Baada ya kuondoka kwake kutoka Sony BMG na usimamizi mnamo [[2005]], albamu yake ya pili "Utopía" ([[2006]]) ilimpatia uteuzi wa Tuzo mbili za Latin Grammy na kuthibitishwa kuwa ya platinamu nchini Mexico, ikijumuisha nyimbo za juu kama "Ni Freud ni tu mamá," "Bella Traición," na "Luz Sin Gravedad." Belinda pia ameonekana katika filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na Disney Channel Original Movie "The Cheetah Girls 2" ([[2006]]), na ameitoa sauti katika filamu kama "The Tale of Despereaux" ([[2008]]) na "Las aventuras de Tadeo Jones" ([[2012]]). Alirejea kwenye telenovela za Mexico kupitia "Camaleones" ([[2009]]) na mfululizo wa TV "Mujeres asesinas 3" ([[2010]]), hatua iliyomsaidia kukuza albamu yake ya tatu "Carpe Diem" ([[2010]]), iliyozaa wimbo wa hit "Egoísta." Albamu yake ya nne "''Catarsis''" ([[2013]]) ilianzia nafasi ya kwanza nchini Mexico, ikitanguliwa na nyimbo za mafanikio "En El Amor Hay Que Perdonar" na "En La Obscuridad." Mnamo [[2017]], Belinda alionekana katika filamu "Baywatch" akiwa na Dwayne Johnson na Zac Efron.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Belinda cuenta con CURP para extranjeros |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/belinda-cuenta-con-curp-para-extranjeros/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=El Universal |language=es |archive-date=12 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212232418/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/politica/belinda-cuenta-con-curp-para-extranjeros/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Kwa pamoja, albamu zake nne za studio, nyimbo za pekee na sauti za filamu zimeuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 3, kumfanya kuwa mwigizaji wa kike wa Mexico anayefuata kwa mauzo makubwa. Vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa vimemuita "Malkia wa Pop wa Kilatini." Kufikia mwaka [[2020]], Belinda alikuwa mmoja wa makocha wa kipindi cha mashindano ya uimbaji cha Mexico, "La Voz," kwenye TV Azteca baada ya kuhamia kutoka Televisa baada ya misimu 7.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last1=Trejo |first1=Nicole |last2=Díaz |first2=Jesús |date=11 Agosti 2020 |title=Belinda nunca se aumentó años, esta es su verdadera edad |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/belinda-nunca-se-aumento-anos-esta-es-su-verdadera-edad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820130348/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/belinda-nunca-se-aumento-anos-esta-es-su-verdadera-edad |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=12 August 2020 |work=[[El Universal (Mexico)|El Universal]]}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Belinda alizaliwa mnamo [[15 Agosti]] [[1989]] huko Madrid, [[Uhispania]]. Ni binti wa Ignacio Peregrín Gutiérrez, baba wa Kihispania, na Belinda Schüll Moreno, mama mwenye asili ya [[Kifaransa]]-[[Kihispania]]. Babu yake wa mama, Pierre Schüll, alikuwa mpiganaji ng'ombe mashuhuri wa Kifaransa. Belinda ana kaka mdogo, Ignacio, aliyezaliwa [[Mexico City]] mnamo [[1996]]. Familia yake ya baba pia ina historia ya uwekezaji wa viwanda vya bidhaa za kimatibabu barani Ulaya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2021/08/17/611a7ee621efa0b16b8b4602.html|title=Belinda, sobre su nacionalidad española: "Me gusta esa libertad que se vive en Madrid"|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=17 Agosti 2021|first=Andrea M. Rosa|last=del Pino|access-date=16 October 2021|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016103056/https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2021/08/17/611a7ee621efa0b16b8b4602.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Familia ya Belinda ilihama kabisa kwenda [[Mexico City]] akiwa na umri wa miaka minne, hatua ambayo iliweka msingi wa malezi yake katika mazingira ya kitamaduni ya jiji lenye shughuli nyingi. Akiwa mdogo alionyesha talanta ya kuimba, kuigiza, na kuunda video za nyumbani. Akiwa na miaka 10 alichaguliwa kwa telenovela yake ya kwanza "''Amigos x Siempre!''" iliyotengenezwa na Televisa, na kuibuka na mafanikio makubwa. Mnamo [[2001]], alionekana katika "Aventuras en el Tiempo" na baadaye "Cómplices Al Rescate," akipata kutambuliwa kwa kazi yake na uteuzi wa Latin Grammy.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/8706051|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710223202/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/8706051|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2012|title=Home – Grupo Milenio|work=Milenio|access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] eo9xvinlg3o86b9sw0e20a1m4jyh5i4 4 208508 1568956 1568925 2026-06-08T16:03:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1568956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 635 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2794 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1130 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1907 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 461 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1050 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 735 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 849 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28741 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2794 || ↓ -13.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1130 || ↑ +0.9% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1050 || ↑ +23.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 849 || ↑ +69.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 736 || ↑ +5.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 735 || ↑ +63.7% |- | 7 || [[Urusi]] || 723 || ↑ +56.5% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 635 || ↑ +1.4% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 512 || ↓ -6.4% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1766.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 6ndzzubf7kj7s7gc2pkzg5pc24e7ou2 1568959 1568956 2026-06-08T16:07:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1568959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 635 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2794 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1130 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1907 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 461 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1050 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 735 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 849 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28741 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2794 || ↓ -13.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1130 || ↑ +0.9% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1050 || ↑ +23.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 849 || ↑ +69.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 736 || ↑ +5.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 735 || ↑ +63.7% |- | 7 || [[Urusi]] || 723 || ↑ +56.5% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 635 || ↑ +1.4% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 512 || ↓ -6.4% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1766.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} m94xw5rvehxbpsp2p7766myk6kxrt7m 1568973 1568959 2026-06-08T20:26:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1568973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 635 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2794 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1130 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1907 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 461 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1050 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 735 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 849 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28741 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2794 || ↓ -13.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1130 || ↑ +0.9% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1050 || ↑ +23.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 849 || ↑ +69.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 736 || ↑ +5.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 735 || ↑ +63.7% |- | 7 || [[Urusi]] || 723 || ↑ +56.5% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 635 || ↑ +1.4% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 512 || ↓ -6.4% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1766.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} h9zu6gir5dohh7z3k8hwhqhd4o6lp0i 1568974 1568973 2026-06-08T20:27:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1568974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 635 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2794 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1130 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1907 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 461 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1050 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 431 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 735 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 849 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28741 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2794 || ↓ -13.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1130 || ↑ +0.9% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1050 || ↑ +23.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 849 || ↑ +69.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 736 || ↑ +5.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 735 || ↑ +63.7% |- | 7 || [[Urusi]] || 723 || ↑ +56.5% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 635 || ↑ +1.4% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 512 || ↓ -6.4% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1766.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 3dny0dx50jvl4krom8ly9vbpcy8tun2 1568982 1568974 2026-06-09T03:57:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1568982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 709 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1024 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 724 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 837 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28741 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2794 || ↓ -13.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1130 || ↑ +0.9% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1050 || ↑ +23.8% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 849 || ↑ +69.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 736 || ↑ +5.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 735 || ↑ +63.7% |- | 7 || [[Urusi]] || 723 || ↑ +56.5% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 635 || ↑ +1.4% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 512 || ↓ -6.4% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1766.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} k8jfojh0ae9lsxkkfbj33jmww7am3w7 1568984 1568982 2026-06-09T04:07:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1568984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 709 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1024 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 724 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 837 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28678 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 166.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2767 || ↓ -14.7% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1124 || ↑ +0.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1024 || ↑ +22.3% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 837 || ↑ +66.1% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 740 || ↑ +60.2% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 724 || ↑ +58.8% |- | 7 || [[Kenya]] || 709 || ↑ +0.7% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 634 || ↑ +1.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 513 || ↓ -4.3% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1838.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 3o16hg7wv2trr9sdcj76vddnajw127b 1568987 1568984 2026-06-09T05:02:48Z Gayle157 73366 /* Makala */ 1568987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 709 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1024 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 724 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 837 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28678 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 166.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2767 || ↓ -14.7% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1124 || ↑ +0.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1024 || ↑ +22.3% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 837 || ↑ +66.1% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 740 || ↑ +60.2% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 724 || ↑ +58.8% |- | 7 || [[Kenya]] || 709 || ↑ +0.7% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 634 || ↑ +1.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 513 || ↓ -4.3% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1838.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} su69exx47nl3yxwher66nnytjpeui7r 1568988 1568987 2026-06-09T05:03:20Z Gayle157 73366 1568988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 709 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1024 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 724 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 837 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 504 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28678 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 166.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2767 || ↓ -14.7% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1124 || ↑ +0.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1024 || ↑ +22.3% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 837 || ↑ +66.1% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 740 || ↑ +60.2% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 724 || ↑ +58.8% |- | 7 || [[Kenya]] || 709 || ↑ +0.7% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 634 || ↑ +1.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 513 || ↓ -4.3% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1838.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 99rbog14y1sbyp90wm3t1zc6482j73m 1569062 1568988 2026-06-09T09:56:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1569062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 720 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1038 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 729 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 851 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 506 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28678 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 166.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2767 || ↓ -14.7% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1124 || ↑ +0.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1024 || ↑ +22.3% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 837 || ↑ +66.1% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 740 || ↑ +60.2% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 724 || ↑ +58.8% |- | 7 || [[Kenya]] || 709 || ↑ +0.7% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 634 || ↑ +1.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 513 || ↓ -4.3% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1838.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} nry44yvlhc7vx2rap4blw9swer0w7su 1569064 1569062 2026-06-09T09:57:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1569064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 720 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2767 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1124 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1901 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1038 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 740 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 363 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 729 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 851 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 506 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.01 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34919 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28678 || ↓ -15.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.0 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 166.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2767 || ↓ -14.7% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1124 || ↑ +0.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 1024 || ↑ +22.3% |- | 4 || [[Uingereza]] || 837 || ↑ +66.1% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 740 || ↑ +60.2% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 724 || ↑ +58.8% |- | 7 || [[Kenya]] || 709 || ↑ +0.7% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 634 || ↑ +1.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 513 || ↓ -4.3% |- | 10 || [[San Marino]] || 504 || ↑ +1838.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 672 || 45.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 24.5% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.8% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 107 || 7.3% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} ncspm0kvn32e5ddy80vksw2e4mym7vi 0 208665 1569022 1523034 2026-06-09T09:40:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} == Delhi Sultanate == === Delhi Sultanate (1206–1290) === * [[Qutb-ud-Din Aibak]] (1206–1210) * [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211) * [[Altamash]] ([[Iltutmish|Shams ud din Iltutmish]]) (1211–1236) * [[Rukn ud din Firuz I]] (1236) * [[Raziah|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240) * [[Muiz ud din Bahram]] (1240–1242) * [[Ala ud din Masud]] (1242–1246) * [[Nasir ud din Mahmud I]] (1246–1266) * [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] (1266–1286) * [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabd]] (1286–1290) * [[Kayumarth]] (1290) === Delhi Sultanate (1290–1320) === * [[Jalal ud din Firoz Khalji|Jalal ud din Firuz II Khilji]] (1290–1296) * [[Ibrahim I]] (1296) * [[Ala ud-Din Khalji|Muhammad I Ala ud-Din Khalji]] (1296–1316) * [[Shihab ud din Omar]] (1316) * [[Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah|Quitt ud din Mubarak Shah]] (1316–1320) * [[Khusrau Khan|Nasir ud-din Chusrau]] (1320) === Delhi Sultanate (1320–1413) === * [[Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah I]] (1320–1325) * [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Shah II]] (1325–1351) * [[Mahmud Ibn Muhammad]] (March 1351) * [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1351–1388) * [[Ghiyas ud din Tughluq II]] (1388–1389) * [[Abu Baker]] (1389–1390) * [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III]] (1390–1394) * [[Sikander Shah I]] (1394) * [[Mahmud II Nasir ud din]] (Sultan Mahmud II) in Delhi (1394–1413) * [[Nusrat Shah]] in Firuzabad (1394–1398) * [[Timur Lenk]] pillaged Delhi and settled Sayyids there === Delhi Sultanate (1413–1414); === * [[Daulat Khan (Sultan)|Daulat Khan]] (1413–1414) === Delhi Sultanate(1414–1451) === * [[Khidr Khan]] (1414–1421) * [[Mubarrak Shah II]] (1421–1434) * [[Mohammed Shah IV]] (1434–1445) * [[Aladdin Alam Shah]] (1445–1451) === Delhi Sultanate (1451–1526) === * [[Bahlul Lodi]] (1451–1489) * [[Sikandar Lodi]] (1489–1517) * [[Ibrahim II|Ibrahim II Lodi]] (1517–1526) ''through 1526–1540 [[Mogul]]s ruled'' === Delhi Sultanate (1540–1555) === * [[Sher Khan Suri|Sher Shah]] (1540–1545) * [[Islam Shah Suri|Islam Shah]] (1545–1553) * [[Muhammad V]] (1553–1555) * [[Firuz IV]] (1555) * [[Ibrahim III]] (1555) * [[Sikander III Shah]] (1555) ==Early or Great Mughals== * [[Babur]] (reigned 1526-1530) founded the dynasty; * [[Humayun]] (r: 1530–1540, then interregnum,<ref>In which [[Sher Shah Suri]] the [[Pashtun]] soldier and his successors briefly took over the government</ref> then back in 1555-1556) * [[Akbar the Great]] (1556-1605) * [[Jahangir]] (1606-1627) * [[Shah Jahan]] (1628-1658) * [[Aurangzeb]] ''Alamgir'' (1658-1707) ==Later or Lesser Mughals== * [[Shah Alam Bahadur Shah I]] (1707-1712) * [[Jahandar Shah]] (1712-1713) * [[Farrukhsiyar]] (1713-1719) * [[Muhammad Shah]] ''Rangeela'' (1719-1748) * [[Ahmad Shah]] (1748-1754) * [[Alamgir II]] (1754-1759) * [[Shah Alam II]] (1759-1806) * [[Akbar (Shah) II]] (1806-1837) * [[Bahadur Shah II|Bahadur Shah Zaffar II]] (1837-1858) == List == {| class="wikitable" style="clear:right; text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" width="9%" | Name ! colspan="2" width="9%" | '''Term of office''' |- |align="center"|[[File:Bahadur Shah II.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[Bahadur Shah al II-lea]] |align="center"|1857 |align="center"|1857 |- |align="center"|[[File:Queen Victoria after Heinrich von Angeli.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[Regina Victoria|Victoria]] |align="center"|1876 |align="center"|1901 |- |align="center"|[[File:Edward VII in coronation robes.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[Eduard al VII-lea al Regatului Unit|Eduard al VII-lea]] |align="center"|1901 |align="center"|1910 |- |align="center"|[[Image:George V of the united Kingdom.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[George al V-lea al Regatului Unit|George al V-lea]] |align="center"|1910 |align="center"|1936 |- |align="center"|[[File:A022344.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[Eduard al VIII-lea al Regatului Unit|Eduard al VIII-lea]] |align="center"|1936 |align="center"|1936 |- |align="center"|[[File:King George VI.jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[[George al VI-lea al Regatului Unit|George al VI-lea]] |align="center"|1936 |align="center"|1947 |} == List== === Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (1773–1833) === The [[Regulating Act of 1773]] replaced the office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal with Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal was restored in 1833. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! width="130px" | Portrait ! width="300px" | Name ! width="200px" colspan="2" | Term ! width="150px" | Appointer |- | [[File:Warren Hastings greyscale.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Warren Hastings]]'''<ref group=nb>Originally joined on 28 April 1772</ref> | 20 October<br />1773 | 8 February<br />1785 | rowspan=13 | [[East India Company]]<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the East India Company.svg|90px]]<br />{{small|(1773–1858)}} |- align=center | [[File:Captain John Macpherson (1726 - 1792) by anonymous (circa 1772-1792).jpg|120px]] | '''[[Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet|John Macpherson]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 8 February<br />1785 | 12 September<br />1786 |- align=center | [[File:Lord Cornwallis.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Marquess Cornwallis]]'''<ref group=nb>Earl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis in 1792.</ref> | 12 September<br />1786 | 28 October<br />1793 |- align=center | [[File:JohnShore.jpg|120px]] | '''[[John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth|John Shore]]''' | 28 October<br />1793 | 18 March<br />1798 |- align=center | [[File:Field Marshal Sir Alured Clarke.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Alured Clarke]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 18 March<br />1798 | 18 May<br />1798 |- align=center | [[File:Richard Wellesley 2.JPG|120px]] | '''[[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|The Earl of Mornington]]'''<ref group="nb">Created Marquess Wellesley in 1799.</ref> | 18 May<br />1798 | 30 July<br />1805 |- align=center | [[File:Lord Cornwallis.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Marquess Cornwallis]]''' | 30 July<br />1805 | 5 October<br />1805 |- align=center | [[File:Sir George Barlow, 1st Bt from NPG crop.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet|Sir George Barlow, Bt]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 10 October<br />1805 | 31 July<br />1807 |- align=center | [[File:Gilbert Eliot, 1st Earl of Minto by James Atkinson.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto|The Lord Minto]]''' | 31 July<br />1807 | 4 October<br />1813 |- align=center | [[File:Francis, 1st Marquess of Hastings (Earl of Moira).jpg|120px]] | '''[[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Marquess of Hastings]]'''<ref group="nb">'''[[Earl of Moira]]''' prior to being created Marquess of Hastings in 1816</ref> | 4 October<br />1813 | 9 January<br />1823 |- align=center | [[File:John Adam governor general of India.jpg|120px]] | '''[[John Adam (administrator)|John Adam]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 9 January<br />1823 | 1 August<br />1823 |- align=center | [[File:Sir Thomas Lawrence - Lord Amherst - Google Art Project.jpg|120px]] | '''[[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|The Lord Amherst]]'''<ref group=nb>Created Earl Amherst in 1826.</ref> | 1 August<br />1823 | 13 March<br />1828 |- align=center | [[File:William Butterworth Bayley, governor general of India.png|120px]] | '''[[William Butterworth Bayley]]''' <br /> ''(acting)'' | 13 March<br />1828 | 4 July<br />1828 |} {{reflist|group=nb}} {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" |'''Governors of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal''' <small>'''''(ex-officio'' Governor-General of India, 1834-1854)'''</small> |- !Name <small>(birth–death)</small> ! width="100px" |Portrait !Took office !Left office !Appointer |- align="center" |[[William Bentick|The Lord William Bentick]] <small>(1774–1839)</small> |[[File:Bentinck_william.png|100px]] |15 November 1834 <small>(1833)</small> |20 March 1835 | rowspan="7" |'''[[East India Company|East India<br />Company]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the East India Company.svg|65px]] |- align="center" |[[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe|Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Raj Bhavan Kolkata|url=http://rajbhavankolkata.nic.in/writereaddata/PDF/CHAPTERVI.pdf}}</ref> <small>''(acting)''</small> <small>(1785–1846)</small> |[[File:Charles_Theophilus_Metcalfe,_1st_Baron_Metcalfe_by_George_Chinnery.jpg|100px]] |20 March 1835 |4 March 1836 |- align="center" |[[George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland|The Lord Auckland]] <small>(1784–1849)</small> |[[File:George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland.png|100px]] |4 March 1836 |28 February 1842 |- align="center" |[[Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough|The Lord Ellenborough]] <small>(1790–1871)</small> |[[File:1stEarlOfEllenborough.jpg|100px]] |28 February 1842 |June 1844 |- align="center" |[[William Wilberforce Bird (governor)|William Wilberforce Bird]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]<ref name=":1" /> <small>''(acting)''</small> <small>(1784–1857)</small> |[[File:William Wilberforce Bird.jpg|100px]] |June 1844 |23 July 1844 |- align="center" |[[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Sir Henry Hardinge]] <small>(1785–1856)</small> |[[File:Henryhardinge.jpg|100px]] |23 July 1844 |12 January 1848 |- align="center" |[[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|The Earl of Dalhousie]] <small>(1812–1860)</small> |[[File:Dalhousie.jpg|100px]] |12 January 1848 |1 May 1854 <small>(28 February 1856)</small> |} {{reflist|group=nb}} === Governors-General and Viceroys of India and Governors-General of the [[Dominion of India]], 1858–1950 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Governor-General or Viceroy<br/>{{Small|(lifespan)}} ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! '''[[Secretary of State for India]]''' ! Prime Minister |- ! colspan="5" | Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947 |- ! colspan="5" | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[Queen Victoria]]''' {{Small|(1837–1901)}} |- | [[File:Lord Viscount Canning.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Charles Canning, Viscount Canning]]{{Small|(1812–1862)}} | {{Small|1 November}}<br/>1858 | {{Small|21 March}}<br/>1862 | * [[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley]] * [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] | * [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]] * [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |- | [[File:Elgin.png|80px]]<br/>[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]]<br/>{{Small|(1811–1863)}} | {{Small|21 March}}<br/>1862 | {{Small|20 November}}<br/>1863 | rowspan=3 | [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] | rowspan=3 | [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |- | [[File:Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala - Project Gutenberg eText 16528.png|80px]]<br/>[[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|Robert Napier]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1810–1890)}} | ''{{Small|21 November}}<br/>1863'' | ''{{Small|2 December}}<br/>1863'' |- | [[File:William Denison 2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[William Denison]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1804–1871)}} | ''{{Small|2 December}}<br/>1863'' | ''{{Small|12 January}}<br/>1864'' |- | [[File:SirJohnLawrence 16246.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence, Baronet]]<br/>{{Small|(1811–1879)}} | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1864 | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1869 | * [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] * [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Robinson, Earl de Grey]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Viscount Cranborne]] * [[Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh|Stafford Northcote]] * [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] | * [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] * [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell]] * [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]] * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo]]<br/>{{Small|(1822–1872)}} | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1869 | {{Small|8 February}}<br/>1872 | rowspan=3 | [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] | rowspan=3 | [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:John Strachey (civil servant) (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[John Strachey (civil servant)|John Strachey]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1823–1907)}} | ''{{Small|9 February}}<br/>1872'' | ''{{Small|23 February}}<br/>1872'' |- | [[File:FrancisNapier10thLordNapier.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1819–1898)}} | ''{{Small|24 February}}<br/>1872'' | ''{{Small|3 May}}<br/>1872'' |- | [[File:Arthur Stockdale Cope - Thomas George Baring, Earl of Northbrook.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Thomas Baring, Lord Northbrook]]<br/>{{Small|(1826–1904)}} | {{Small|3 May}}<br/>1872 | {{Small|12 April}}<br/>1876 | * [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] |- | [[File:Robert Bulwer-Lytton by Nadar.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton]]<br/>{{Small|(1831–1891)}} | {{Small|12 April}}<br/>1876 | {{Small|8 June}}<br/>1880 | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, Viscount Cranbrook]] * [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] | * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:George Robinson 1st Marquess of Ripon.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon]]<br/>{{Small|(1827–1909)}} | {{Small|8 June}}<br/>1880 | {{Small|13 December}}<br/>1884 | * [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:Young Lord Dufferin.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin]]<br/>{{Small|(1826–1902)}} | {{Small|13 December}}<br/>1884 | {{Small|10 December}}<br/>1888 | * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[Lord Randolph Churchill]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] |- | [[File:Marquess of Lansdowne crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne]]<br/>{{Small|(1845–1927)}} | {{Small|10 December}}<br/>1888 | {{Small|21 January}}<br/>1894 | * [[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] |- | [[File:9thEarlOfElgin.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin]] {{Small|(1849–1917)}} | {{Small|21 January}}<br/>1894<ref>[https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33561/1/11010320.pdf The Internal Administration of Lord Elgin in India, 1894-1898.]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | {{Small|6 January}}<br/>1899 | * [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] * [[Lord George Hamilton]] | * [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] |- | [[File:George Curzon2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]<ref group="nb">[[Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill]] was acting Governor-General in 1904.</ref><br/>{{Small|(1859–1925)}} | {{Small|6 January}}<br/>1899 | {{Small|18 November}}<br/>1905 | * [[Lord George Hamilton]] * [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[Arthur Balfour]] |- ! colspan="5" | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King Edward VII]]''' {{Small|(1901–1910)}} |- | [[File:Earl Minto.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto]]<br/>{{Small|(1845–1914)}} | {{Small|18 November}}<br/>1905 | {{Small|23 November}}<br/>1910 | * [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] * [[John Morley]] * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe]] | * [[Arthur Balfour]] * [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] * [[H. H. Asquith]] |- ! colspan="5" | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King George V]]''' {{Small|(1910–1936)}} |- | [[File:Charles Hardinge01 crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]]<br/>{{Small|(1858–1944)}} | {{Small|23 November}}<br/>1910 | {{Small|4 April}}<br/>1916 | * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe]] * [[John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn]] * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe]] * [[Austen Chamberlain]] | * [[H. H. Asquith]] |- | [[File:Chelmsford Governor.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford]]<br/>{{Small|(1868–1933)}} | {{Small|4 April}}<br/>1916 | {{Small|2 April}}<br/>1921 | * [[Austen Chamberlain]] * [[Edwin Montagu]] | * [[H. H. Asquith]] * [[David Lloyd George]] |- | [[File:Rufus Isaacs.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading]]<br/>{{Small|(1860–1935)}} | {{Small|2 April}}<br/>1921 | {{Small|3 April}}<br/>1926 | * [[Edwin Montagu]] * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]] * [[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier]] * [[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead]] | * [[David Lloyd George]] * [[Bonar Law]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] |- | [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|E. F. L. Wood, Lord Irwin]]<br/>{{Small|(1881–1959)}} | {{Small|3 April}}<br/>1926 | {{Small|1 July}}<br/>1929 | * [[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead]] * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]] | rowspan=2 | * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] |- | [[File:Viscount Goschen.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Goshen, 2nd Viscount Goshen]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1866–1952)}} | ''{{Small|1 July}}<br/>1929'' | ''{{Small|18 April}} 1931'' | * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]], [[William Wedgwood Benn]] |- | [[File:Freeman Freeman-Thomas by Henry Walter Barnett.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Earl of Willingdon]]<br/>{{Small|(1866–1941)}} | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1931 | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1936 | * [[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|William Wedgwood Benn]] * [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Samuel Hoare]] * [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] | * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] |- ! colspan="5" | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King Edward VIII]]''' {{Small|(1936)}} |- | [[File:Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow]]<br/>{{Small|(1887–1952)}} | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1936 | {{Small|1 October}}<br/>1943 | * [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] * [[Leo Amery]] | * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Neville Chamberlain]] * [[Winston Churchill]] |- ! colspan="5" | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King George VI]]''' {{Small|(1936–1947) (as [[Emperor of India]])}} |- | [[File:Archibald Wavell2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Archibald Wavell, Viscount Wavell]]<br/>{{Small|(1883–1950)}} | {{Small|1 October}}<br/>1943 | {{Small|21 February}}<br/>1947 | * [[Leo Amery]] * [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence]] | * [[Winston Churchill]] * [[Clement Attlee]] |- | [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]]<br/>{{Small|(1900–1979)}} | {{Small|21 February}}<br/>1947 | {{Small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | * [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence]] * [[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel]] | * [[Clement Attlee]] |- ! Governor-General<br/>{{Small|(birth–death)}} ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! &nbsp; ! Prime Minister |- ! colspan="5" | Governors-General of the [[Dominion of India]], 1947–1950 |- ! colspan="5" | Appointed by '''[[King George VI]]''' {{Small|(1947–1950) (as [[List of heads of state of India#Monarch of India (1947–1950)|King of India]] |- | [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]]<ref group="nb">Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947.</ref><br/>{{Small|(1900–1979)}} | {{Small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | {{Small|21 June}}<br/>1948 | rowspan=2 | | rowspan="2" | * [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] |- | [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br/>{{Small|(1878–1972)}} | {{Small|21 June}}<br/>1948 | {{Small|26 January}}<br/>1950 |} {{reflist|group=nb}} ==Orodha ya marais wa Uhindi== ===Sheria ya kampuni nchini Uhindi=== {{Main|Utawala wa kampuni nchini Uhindi}} ===Raj wa Uingereza=== {{Main|Raj wa Uingereza}} === Serikali ya muda kwa uhuru wa Uhindi === {{Main|Serikali ya Muda ya India}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office !Political party !Vice President |- |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |1915 |1919 | |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] |- |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |1919 |1919 | |[[Mahendra Pratap]] |} ===Raj wa Uingereza=== {{Main|Raj wa Uingereza}} ===Gavana-General=== {{Main|Orodha ya magavana wakuu wa Uhindi}} ===Rais wa Halmashauri Kuu=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Serikali ya Muda kwa uhuru wa Uhindi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party ![[List of vice presidents of India|Vice presiden]] |- ! colspan="6" |Provisional Government of India |- |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |1941 |1945 |India |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] |} ===Rais wa Halmashauri Kuu=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |} ===Mkuu wa Mkoa=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |} ==Rais wa Uhindi (1950-sasa)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="width:17em" |Jina ! Picha ! colspan="2" |Muda wa ofisi ! style="width:8em" |Imechaguliwa !Chama cha siasa ![[Orodha ya makamu wa rais wa Uhindi|Makamu wa rais]] |- ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="7" |Vikosi vya jeshi vilivyofanya mapinduzi ya kijeshi dhidi ya serikali na kuchukua madaraka. |- ![[Javed Khans]] <small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Aliye madarakani'' | |[[Jeshi la India|Jeshi]] | Wanajeshi |} == Orodha ya Waziri Mkuu== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;" ! width="100px" | Portrait ! Name ! colspan="2" | Term of office ! Notable events ! Emperor |- | |'''[[Mir Khalifa|Amir Nizamuddin Khalifa]]''' |1526 |1540 |[[First Battle of Panipat|1st Battle of panipat]] [[Battle of Khanwa]] |[[Babur]] (1526-1530) & [[Humayun]] (1530-1540) |- | |'''[[Qaracha Khan]]''' |1540 |1550 |He was a governor of [[Kandahar|qandhar]] and humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal State]]. |[[Humayun]] (1530-1556) |- | | '''[[Bairam Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1550 | 1560 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=6 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Akbar|Akbar-i-Azam]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|اکبر اعظم}}<br /><small>(1556-1605)</small> |- | | '''[[Munim Khan]]''' |1560 |1565 | |- | | '''[[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Medieval_India_From_Sultanat_to_the_Mugh/0Rm9MC4DDrcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=no+vakil+appointed+from+1579&pg=PA136&printsec=frontcover |author= Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |page= 136}}</ref> | 1575 | 1579 |No Vakil was appointed after his appointment to governorship in Bengal from 1579 until 1589 |- | [[File:ABU'L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (D. 1602 AD) AKBARNAMA.jpg|90px]] | '''[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]'''<ref>{{cite book |author= Alfred J. Andrea, James H. Overfield |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Human_Record_To_1700/QJsx7eQ0rwAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&dq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&printsec=frontcover |page= 476 |title= The Human Record: To 1700 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |quote= Abul Fazl(1551-1602), the emperor's chief advisor and confidant from 1579 until Abul Fazl's assassination at the instigation of Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir(r. 1605-1627)}}</ref> | 1579 | 1602 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana|Khanzada Abdur Rahim]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1589 | 1595 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Mirza Aziz Koka.png|80px]] | '''[[Mirza Aziz Koka]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1595 | 1605 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Sharifi Khan|Sharif Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1605 | 1611 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=3 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Jahangir]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|جہانگیر}}<br /><small>(1605-1627)</small> |- | [[File:A portrait of Mirza Ghiyas Beg aka 'I'timād-ud-Daulah', 18th century.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Mirza Ghias Beg]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1611 | 1622 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Portrait of Asaf Khan.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1622 | 1630 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Afzal Khan Shirazi]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1630 | 1639 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=4 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Shah Jahan]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|شاہ جہان}}<br /><small>(1628-1658)</small> |- | | '''[[Islam Khan II|Islam Khan Mashadi]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1639 | 1640 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Shaikh Ilam-ud-Din Ansari]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Shah_Jahan_Nama_of_Inayat_Khan/n_BtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&dq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan|author= Abraham Richard Fuller| date=1990 |publisher= University of Michigan |page= 602}}</ref> | 1640 | 1642 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:Sadullah Khan giving audience, c1655.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Sadullah Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/A_Pageant_of_India/Wp0BAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=saadullah+khan+1641&dq=saadullah+khan+1641&printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian : the Nineteenth-century Manuscript Translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777)|date= 1927 |author= Adolf Simon Waley |publisher= Constable }}</ref> | 1642 | 1656 | style="font-size:90%;" | * [[Taj Mahal]] completed |- | [[File:Mir Jumla.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Mir Jumla II|Mir Jumla]]'''<ref name="The Institute">{{cite book |last1=Indian Institute of Public Administration |title=The Indian Journal of Public Administration: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Volume 22 |date=1976 |publisher=The Institute}}</ref> | 1656 | 1657 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=5 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Alamgir I]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر}}<br /><small>(1658-1707)</small> |- | | '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''<ref name="Indian History Congress">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&dq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress - Proceedings: Volume 42 |date=1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress}}</ref> | 1657 | 1658 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Fazil Khan]]'''<ref name="Indian History Congress"/> | 1658 | 1663 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''<ref name="The Institute"/> | 1663 | 1670 <ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&dq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress Proceedings: Volume 42 |date= 1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress }}</ref> | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Asad Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krieger-Krynicki |first1=Annie |title=Captive Princess: Zebunissa, Daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb |date=2005 |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=0195798376}}</ref> | 1675 | 1707 | style="font-size:90%;" | * [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] *[[Anglo-Mughal War]] |- | | '''[[Mun'im Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaicker |first1=Abhishek |title=The King and the People: Sovereignty and Popular Politics in Mughal Delhi |date=3 Feb 2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190070687}}</ref> | 1707 | 1711 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=1 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Bahadur Shah I]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|بہادر شاہ}}<br /><small>(1707-1712)</small> |- | | '''[[Hidayatullah Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Later_Mughal/ak5oFjTys8MC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hidayatullah+khan+wazir&pg=PA128&printsec=frontcover |title= Later Mughals |author= William Irvine |page= 128 }}</ref> | 1711 | 1713 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=2 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Jahandar Shah]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|جہاندار شاہ}}<br /><small>(1712-1713)</small> |- | | '''[[Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung]]'''<ref>[[John F. Richards]], ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughal Empire'' (New York: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1993), p. 262</ref> | 1712 | 1713 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | | '''[[Mir Rustam Ali Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1710 | 1737 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=2 |'''[[Farrukhsiyar]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|فرخ سیر}}<br /><small>(1713–1719)</small> |- | [[File:Abdullah Khan Barha.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha]]'''<ref name="Britannica Guide to India">{{cite book |last1=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |title=Britannica Guide to India |date=2009 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1593398477}}</ref> | 1713 | 1720 | style="font-size:90%;" | * Mughal throne occupied by a series of puppet rulers under the Syed brothers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Baji_Rao_I_the_Great_Peshwa/66E5AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&dq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&printsec=frontcover |title= Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |author= C. K. Srinivasan |date= 1962 |page= 22}}</ref> |- | [[File:Muḥammad Amín Xán.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani]]'''<ref name="Britannica Guide to India"/> | 1720 | 1721 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan="5" |'''[[Muhammad Shah]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|محمد شاہ}}<br /><small>(1719-1748)</small> |- | [[File:Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad.jpg|80px]] | [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|'''Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan Asaf Jah I''']]<ref name="Disha Publications">{{cite book |last1=Disha Experts |title=The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC Exams 3rd Edition |date=17 Dec 2018 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-9388373036}}</ref> | 1721 | 1724 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | [[File:The vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg|80px]] | [[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']] | 1724 | 1731 | rowspan="3" style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Battle of Delhi (1737)]] *[[Battle of Bhopal]] * [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|Nader Shah's invasion of Mughal Empire]] *[[Battle of Karnal]] *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|First invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] *[[Battle of Manupur (1748)]] |- |[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_I.jpg|127x127px]] |[[Saadat Ali Khan I]] |1731 |19 March 1739 |- |[[File:The_vizier_Qamar_ud-Din_circa_1735_Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France,_Paris.jpg|128x128px]] |[[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']] |19 March 1739 |1748 |- | [[File:Safdarjung (1).jpg|80px]] | '''[[Safdar Jang]]'''<ref name="Disha Publications"/> | 1748 | 1753 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Second invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Third invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] * [[Battle of Lahore (1752)]] | rowspan="3" |'''[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|احمد شاہ بہادر}}<br /><small>(1748-1754)</small> |- | | '''[[Intizam-ud-Daulah]]'''<ref name="Khwaja, Sehar 2018">Khwaja, Sehar. "Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India." Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.</ref> | 1753 | 1754 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |[[File:Safdarjung,_second_Nawab_of_Awadh,_Mughal_dynasty._India._early_18th_century.jpg|128x128px]] |[[Safdarjung|Muhammad Muqim]] |1 October 1754 |5 October 1754 | |- | [[File:Ghází al-Dín Xán ʿImád al-Mulk.jpg|80px]] | [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|'''Imad-ul-Mulk Feroze Jung''']]<ref name="Khwaja, Sehar 2018"/> | 1754 | 1760 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Black Hole of Calcutta]] * [[Battle of Plassey]] | rowspan="1" |'''[[Alamgir II]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر دوم}}<br /><small>(1754-1759)</small> |- | [[File:अवध के नवाब शुजाउद्दौला.jpg|80px]] | [[Shuja-ud-Daula|Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan]] | 1760 | 1775 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Third Battle of Panipat]] * [[Battle of Buxar]] *[[Treaty of Allahabad]] | rowspan="6" |'''[[Shah Alam II]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|شاہ عالم دوم}}<br /><small>(1760-1806)</small> |- | |'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]''''' |1760 |1775 | |- | [[File:Asifportrait2 - Asuf ud Daula.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Asaf-ud-Daula]]''' | 1775 |1784 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- | |'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]''''' |1784 |1784 | |- |[[File:Asifportrait2_-_Asuf_ud_Daula.jpg|109x109px]] |[[Asaf-ud-Daula]] |1784 |1797 | |- |[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]] |[[Wazir Ali Khan]] |21 September 1797&nbsp; |21 January 1798 | |} === List of Prime Minister Mughal === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! |Portrait ! |Personal Name ! |Reign ! |Birth ! |Death |- | align="center" |[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Wazir Ali Khan]]{{Nastaliq|وزیر علی خان}} | align="center" |21 September 1797&nbsp;– 21 January 1798 | align="center" |1780 | align="center" |1817 |- | align="center" |[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_II.jpg|131x131px]] | align="center" |[[Saadat Ali Khan II]]{{Nastaliq|سعادت علی خان}} | align="center" |21 January 1798&nbsp;– 11 July 1814 | align="center" |1752 | align="center" |1814 |- | align="center" |[[File:Ghazi-ud-Din_Haider_Robert_Home_1820.jpg|138x138px]] | align="center" |[[Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ}} | align="center" |11 July 1814&nbsp;– 19 October 1827 | align="center" |1769 | align="center" |1827 |- | align="center" |[[File:Nasir_ud_din_haidar.jpg|134x134px]] | align="center" |[[Nasiruddin Haider|Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ}} | align="center" |19 October 1827&nbsp;– 7 July 1837 | align="center" |1827 | align="center" |1837 |- | align="center" |[[File:MuhammadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Muhammad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|محمّد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |7 July 1837&nbsp;– 7 May 1842 | align="center" |1777 | align="center" |1842 |- | align="center" |[[File:AmjadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Amjad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|امجد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |7 May 1842&nbsp;– 13 February 1847 | align="center" |1801 | align="center" |1847 |- | align="center" |[[File:Vajid_Ali_Shah.jpg|123x123px]] | align="center" |[[Wajid Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|واجد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |13 February 1847&nbsp;– 11 February 1856 | align="center" |1822 | align="center" |1 September 1887 |- | align="center" |[[File:Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" |[[Begum Hazrat Mahal|Begum hazrat Mahal]]{{Nastaliq|بیگم حضرت محل}} | align="center" |11 February 1856&nbsp;– 5 July1857 ''Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra'' (''in rebellion'') | align="center" |1820 | align="center" |7 April 1879 |- | align="center" |[[File:Birjis_Qadra.jpg|102x102px]] | align="center" |[[Birjis Qadr]]{{Nastaliq|بر جیس قدر}} | align="center" |5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858 (''in rebellion'') | align="center" |1845 | align="center" |14 August 1893 |} === List of Prime Minister Mughal === {| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable" ! style="width:8%;"| Portrait ! style="width:18%;"| Birth Name ! style="width:20%;" | Reign ! style="width:9%;"| Birth ! style="width:13%;"| Death ! style="width:20%;"| Notes |- | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Bahadur Shah II of India.jpg|80px]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Bahadur Shah II|Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad]] <br> | style="text-align:center;" |3 March 1858&nbsp;– 7 November 1862 (19 years, 360 days) | style="text-align:center;"|24 October 1775 [[Delhi]], India | style="text-align:center;"|7 November 1862 (aged 87) [[Rangoon, Myanmar]] | style="text-align:center;"|Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British and was exiled to [[Myanmar|Burma]] after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]]. |} === List of prime ministers of India === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- | |[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] |1862 |1862 | rowspan="23" |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Jung Bahadur Rana]] |1862 |1862 |- | |[[Dost Mohammad Khan]] |1862 |1862 |- | |[[Jyotirao Phule]] |1862 |1863 |- | |[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|James Bruce]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[Dayananda Saraswati]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[Ramakrishna]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[Sher Ali Khan]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[Takht Singh]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]] |1863 |1863 |- | |[[Debendranath Tagore]] |1863 |1870 |- | |[[Syed Ahmad Khan]] |1870 |1875 |- | |[[Mohsin-ul-Mulk]] |1875 |1880 |- | |[[Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I]] |1880 |1883 |- | |[[Ranodip Singh Kunwar]] |1883 |1883 |- | |[[Mir Laiq Ali Khan, Salar Jung II]] |1883 |1883 |- | |[[Keshub Chandra Sen]] |1883 |1883 |- | |[[Herbert Spencer]] |1884 |1885 |- | |[[Bhikaiji Cama]] |1885 |1885 |- | |[[Abhayananda]] |1885 |1885 |- | |[[Jaswant Singh II]] |1885 |1885 |- | |[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|John Wodehouse]] |1885 |1885 |- | |[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick Hamilton]] |1885 |1885 |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== ;Legend {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="72%" |+ ! class="unsortable" |Portrait ! class="sortable" |Name ! scope="col" |Term of office ! scope="col" |Appointed by !Party |- |[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]] |{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee}} |1885 |[[Bombay]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}} |1886 |[[Calcutta]] | |- |[[File:BadruddinTyabji.jpg|alt=An image of Badruddin Tyabji.|92x92px]] |{{sortname|Badruddin|Tyabji}} |1887 |[[Madras]] | |- |[[File:George_Yule.jpg|alt=An image of George Yule.|99x99px]] |{{sortname|George|Yule|George Yule (businessman)}} |1888 |Allahabad | |- |[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]] |{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}} |1889 |Bombay | |- |[[File:Pherozeshah_Mehta_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Pherozesha Mehta.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Pherozeshah|Mehta}} |1890 |Calcutta | |- | |{{sortname|Panapakkam|Anandacharlu}} |1891 |[[Nagpur]] | |- |[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]] |{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee|nolink=1}} |1892 |Allahabad | |- |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji|nolink=1}} |1893 |[[Lahore]] | |- |[[File:AlfredWebb.jpg|alt=An image of Alfred Webb.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|Alfred|Webb}} |1894 |Madras | |- |[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]] |{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}} |1895 |[[Poona]] | |- |[[File:RMSayani.jpg|alt=An image of Rahimtulla M. Sayani.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|Rahimtulla M.|Sayani}} |1896 |Calcutta | |- |[[File:SirChetturSankaranNair.jpg|alt=An image of C Sankaran Nair.|100x100px]] |{{sortname|C. Sankaran|Nair}} |1897 |[[Amaravati]] | |- |[[File:AnandaMohanBose.JPG|alt=An image of Anandamohan Bose.|75x75px]] |{{sortname|Anandamohan|Bose}} |1898 |Madras | |- |[[File:Romesh_Chunder_Dutt.jpg|alt=An image of Romesh Chunder Dutt.|108x108px]] |{{sortname|Romesh Chunder|Dutt}} |1899 |[[Lucknow]] | |- |[[File:N._G._Chandavarkar_cyclopedia.png|alt=An image of N. G. Chandavarkar.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|N. G.|Chandavarkar}} |1900 |Lahore | |- |[[File:DinshawWacha.jpg|alt=An image of Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.|99x99px]] |{{sortname|Dinshaw Edulji|Wacha}} |1901 |Calcutta |[[Indian National Congress]] |- | |[[Swami Vivekananda]] |1902 | | |- |[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]] |{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}} |1902 |[[Ahmedabad]] | |- | |{{sortname|Lalmohan|Ghosh}} |1903 |Madras | |- |[[File:Henry_Cotton.jpg|alt=An image of Henry Cotton.|110x110px]] |{{sortname|Henry John Stedman|Cotton|Henry Cotton (civil servant)}} |1904 |Bombay | |- |[[File:Gopal_krishan_gokhale.jpg|alt=An image of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.|75x75px]] |{{sortname|Gopal Krishna|Gokhale}} |1905 |[[Banaras]] | |- |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}} |1906 |Calcutta | |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Rash_Bihari_Ghosh.jpg|alt=An image of Rashbihari Ghosh.|111x111px]] | rowspan="2" |{{sortname|Rashbihari|Ghosh}} |1907 |[[Surat]] | |- |1908 |Madras | |- |[[File:Madan_Mohan_Malaviya_1961_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.|87x87px]] |{{sortname|Madan Mohan|Malaviya}} |1909 |Lahore | |- |[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]] |{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}} |1910 |Allahabad | |- | |{{sortname|Bishan Narayan|Dar}} |1911 |Calcutta | |- |[[File:R_N_Mudholkar.jpg|alt=An image of Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar.|115x115px]] |{{sortname|Raghunath Narasinha|Mudholkar}} |1912 |[[Bankipore]] | |- | |{{sortname|Nawab Syed Muhammad|Bahadur}} |1913 |[[Karachi]] | |- |[[File:Bhupendranath_Bose.jpg|96x96px]] |{{sortname|Bhupendra Nath|Bose}} |1914 |Madras | |- |[[File:Lord_Sina.jpg|alt=An image of Satyendra Prasanno Sinha.|97x97px]] |{{sortname|Satyendra Prasanno|Sinha|Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha}} |1915 |Bombay | |- |[[File:1916muzumdar.jpg|alt=An image of Ambica Charan Mazumdar.|100x100px]] |{{sortname|Ambica Charan|Mazumdar}} |1915 |Lucknow | |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- | |[[Raja Mahendra Pratap]] (1 December 1886 – 29 April 1979) |1915 |1919 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] (7 July 1854 – 20 September 1927) |1919 |1919 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Hari Singh Gour]] (26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) |1919 |1923 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Motilal Nehru]] (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) |1923 |1930 |[[Independent]] |- | |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' (1889 –1964) |1930 |1932 |[[Independent]] |- | |Hari Singh Gour (26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) |1932 |1934 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Bhulabhai Desai]] (13 October 1877 – 6 May 1946) |1934 |1936 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Abul Kalam Azad]] ( 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) |1936 |1943 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) |1 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Vallabhbhai Patel]] ( 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- | |[[Liaquat Ali Khan]] (1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |} ===List=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- | rowspan="1" |[[File:Subhas Chandra Bose NRB.jpg|75px]] | rowspan="1" |'''[[Subhash Chandra Bose]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1945)}} | style="height: 45px;" |6 July 1943 |18 August 1945 | rowspan="1" |[[Indian National Army]] |- | rowspan="4" | | rowspan="4" |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''<br />{{small|(1889–1964)}} | style="height: 45px;" |18 August 1945 |15 April 1952 | rowspan="10" |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |15 April 1952 |17 April 1957 |- |17 April 1957 |2 April 1962 |- | style="height: 45px;" |2 April 1962 |27 May 1964<small>†</small> |- | | [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]] | | '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1998)}} | | 27 May 1964 | | 9 June 1964 |- |[[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri (from stamp).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''<br />{{small|(1904–1966)}} |9 June 1964 |11 January 1966<small>†</small> |- | - |[[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1998)}} |11 January 1966 |24 January 1966 |- | rowspan="3" |[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]] | rowspan="3" |'''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''<br />{{small|(1917–1984)}} |24 January 1966 |4 March 1967 |- style="height: 45px;" |4 March 1967 |15 March 1971 |- | style="height: 45px;" |15 March 1971 |24 March 1977 |- |[[File:Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Morarji Desai]]'''<br />{{small|(1896–1995)}} | style="height: 45px;" |24 March 1977 |28 July 1979 | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]] |- | |'''[[Jagjivan Ram]]''' <small>(1908–1986)</small> |28 July 1979 |28 July 1979 |- |[[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|118x118px]] |'''[[Charan Singh]]'''<br />{{small|(1902–1987)}} |28 July 1979 |8 January 1980{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} | rowspan="3" |[[Janata Party (Secular)]] |- | |'''[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]''' <small>(1913–1984)</small> |8 January 1980 |10 January 1980 |- |[[File:Prime_minister_Charan_Singh.jpg|118x118px]] |'''[[Charan Singh]]''' <small>(1902–1987)</small> |10 January 1980 |14 January 1980 |- |[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]] |'''Indira Gandhi'''<br />{{small|(1917–1984)}} |14 January 1980{{ref label|§|§|§}} |31 October 1984<small>†</small> | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]] |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |'''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''<br />{{small|(1944–1991)}} |31 October 1984 |31 December 1984 |- | style="height: 45px;" |31 December 1984 |2 December 1989 |- |[[File:Visit of Vishwanath Pratap Sing, Indian Minister for Trade, to the CEC (cropped).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} |2 December 1989 |{{nowrap|10 November 1990{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}} |[[Janata Dal]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Front (India)|National Front]]'')}} |- | |'''[[Devi Lal]]''' <small>(1915–2001)</small> |10 November 1990 |10 November 1990 | rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] |- |[[File:Chandra_Shekhar_Singh_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''<br />{{small|(1927–2007)}} |{{nowrap|10 November 1990}} |21 June 1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |- |[[File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC_(cropped)(2).jpg|75px]] |'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''<br />{{small|(1921–2004)}} |21 June 1991 |16 May 1996 |[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]] |- |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br />{{small|(1924–2018)}} |16 May 1996 |1 June 1996{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |- |[[File:H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|75px]] |'''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1933)}} |1 June 1996 |21 April 1997{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]<br />{{small|(''[[United Front (India)|United Front]]'')}} |- |[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 017.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''<br />{{small|(1919–2012)}} |21 April 1997 |19 March 1998{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]] | rowspan="2" |'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee'''<br />{{small|(1924–2018)}} |19 March 1998{{ref label|§|§|§}} |{{nowrap|13 October 1999{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}} | rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}} |- |13 October 1999 |22 May 2002 |- | |'''[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]''' <small>(1927–)</small> |22 May 2002 |22 May 2002 |- |[[File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg|85x85px]] |'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee''' {{small|(1924–2018)}} |22 May 2002 |22 May 2004 |- |[[File:Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg|75px|alt=An image of Sonia Gandhi.]] |[[Sonia Gandhi]](1946 –) |22 May 2004 |22 May 2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />{{small|(''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'')}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|112x112px]] | rowspan="2" |'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''<br /> |22 May 2004 |22 May 2009 |- |22 May 2009 |26 May 2014 |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|75px]] | rowspan="2" |'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1950)}} |26 May 2014 |30 May 2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}} |- |30 May 2019 |31 December 2026 |- | |[[Rahul Gandhi]] |30 May 2019 |30 May 2027 |[[Indian National Congress]] |- | |[[Priyanka Gandhi]] |31 December 2026 |30 May 2027 |[[Indian National Congress]] |- | |[[Yogi Adityanath]] |31 December 2026 |30 May 2027 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== *[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] Indian Armed Forces {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- | |[[Javed Khan]] |30 May 2027 |Incumbent |[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] |} ==Orodha ya makamu wa rais wa Uhindi== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Portrait !Name ! colspan="2" |Term of office !Election ![[President of India|President]] !Party |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|97x97px|alt=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] | rowspan="2" |[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] |13 May 1952 |12 May 1957 |[[1952 Indian vice presidential election|1952]] | rowspan="2" |[[Rajendra Prasad]] | rowspan="6" |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- |13 May 1957 |12 May 1962 |[[1957 Indian vice presidential election|1957]] |- |[[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|102x102px|alt=Zakir Hussain]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |13 May 1962 |12 May 1967 |[[1962 Indian vice presidential election|1962]] |[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] |- |[[File:VV Giri 1974 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|103x103px|alt=V.V. Giri]] |[[V. V. Giri]] ^⸸ |13 May 1967 |3 May 1969 |[[1967 Indian vice presidential election|1967]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] | rowspan="2" |31 August 1969 | rowspan="2" |30 August 1974 | rowspan="2" |[[1969 Indian vice presidential election|1969]] |[[V. V. Giri]] |- |[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|88x88px|alt=B.D. Jatti]] | rowspan="2" |[[B. D. Jatti]] | rowspan="2" |31 August 1974 | rowspan="2" |30 August 1979 | rowspan="2" |[[1974 Indian vice presidential election|1974]] |[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] | rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Faili:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|110x110px]] | rowspan="2" |[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]] | rowspan="2" |31 August 1979 | rowspan="2" |30 August 1984 | rowspan="2" |[[1979 Indian vice presidential election|1979]] |[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] | rowspan="2" |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- |[[Zail Singh]] |- |[[Faili:R_Venkataraman_(cropped).jpg|alt=R Venkataraman|91x91px]] |[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] ^⸸ |31 August 1984 |24 July 1987 |[[1984 Indian vice presidential election|1984]] |[[Zail Singh]] | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |[[Faili:Shankar_Dayal_Sharma_36.jpg|alt=Shankar Dayal Sharma|103x103px]] |[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] ^⸸ |3 September 1987 |24 July 1992 |[[1987 Indian vice presidential election|1987]] |[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |- |[[Faili:President_Clinton_with_Indian_president_K._R._Narayanan_(cropped).jpg|alt=K.R. Narayanan|103x103px]] |[[K. R. Narayanan]] ^⸸ |21 August 1992 |24 July 1997 |[[1992 Indian vice presidential election|1992]] |[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Faili:ఉపరాష్ట్రపతి_శ్రీ_కృష్ణకాంత్_గారి_నుండి_(cropped).jpg|104x104px]] | rowspan="2" |[[Krishan Kant]]^† | rowspan="2" |21 August 1997 | rowspan="2" |27 July 2002 | rowspan="2" |[[1997 Indian vice presidential election|1997]] |[[K. R. Narayanan]] | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]] |- |[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |- |[[Faili:Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat_(1).jpg|alt=Bhairon Singh Shekhawat|110x110px]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] ^⸸ |19 August 2002 |21 July 2007 |[[2002 Indian vice presidential election|2002]] |[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[Faili:The_Vice_President_Shri_M._Hamid_Ansari_in_July_2016.jpg|alt=Hamid Ansari|100x100px]] | rowspan="3" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |11 August 2007 |10 August 2012 |[[2007 Indian vice presidential election|2007]] |[[Pratibha Patil]] | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]] |- | rowspan="2" |11 August 2012 | rowspan="2" |10 August 2017 | rowspan="2" |[[2012 Indian vice presidential election|2012]] |[[Pranab Mukherjee]] |- |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Faili:Venkaiah_Naidu_official_portrait.jpg|alt=Venkaiah Naidu|76x76px]] | rowspan="2" |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] | rowspan="2" |11 August 2017 | rowspan="2" |11 August 2022 | rowspan="2" |[[2017 Indian vice presidential election|2017]] |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] | rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |- |[[Droupadi Murmu]] |- |[[Faili:Shri_JDhankhar.png|alt=Jagdeep Dhankhar|76x76px]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |11 August 2022 |Incumbent |[[2022 Indian vice presidential election|2022]] |[[Droupadi Murmu]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |} ==Orodha ya Naibu Mawaziri Wakuu wa Uhindi== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |List of Deputy Prime Ministers of India |- !Officeholder {{small|(Portfolio)}} !Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office !Political party ''{{small|(Alliance)}}'' !Prime Minister |- |[[Vallabhbhai Patel]] <small>(1875–1950)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]])}} |[[Faili:Vallabhbhai_Patel_1965_stamp_of_India.jpg|104x104px]] |15 August 1947 |15 December 1950 |[[Indian National Congress]] |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] |- |[[Morarji Desai]] <small>(1896–1995)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]])}} |[[Faili:Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg|121x121px]] |21 March 1967 |6 December 1969 |[[Indian National Congress]] |[[Indira Gandhi]] |- |[[Charan Singh]] <small>(1902–1987)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]])}} |[[Faili:Charan_Singh_1990_stamp_of_India.jpg|131x131px]] | rowspan="2" |24 January 1979 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/759802/1/Council_of_Ministers_English.pdf|title=Council of Ministers}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |28 July 1979 | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]] | rowspan="2" |[[Morarji Desai]] |- |[[Jagjivan Ram]] <small>(1908–1986)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]])}} |[[Faili:Jagjivan_Ram_1991_stamp_of_India.jpg|119x119px]] |- |[[Yashwantrao Chavan]] <small>(1913–1984)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]])}} |[[Faili:Yashwantrao_Chavan_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|119x119px]] |28 July 1979 |14 January 1980 |[[Indian National Congress (Socialist)]] |[[Charan Singh]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Devi Lal]] <small>(1915–2001)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]])}} | rowspan="2" |[[Faili:Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg|122x122px]] |2 December 1989 |10 November 1990 | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]] ''{{small|([[National Front (India)|National Front]])}}'' |[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] |- |10 November 1990 |21 June 1991 |[[Chandra Shekhar]] |- |[[L. K. Advani]] <small>(1927–)</small> {{small|([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] and [[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]])}} |[[Faili:Lkadvani.jpg|120x120px]] |5 February 2002 |22 May 2004 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ''{{small|([[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]])}}'' |[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} fgu62f1y9yz020x4mdl5nq4pge8zgnn 0 212266 1569060 1519460 2026-06-09T09:55:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariana Gándara Salazar''' ([[1984]] – [[20 Agosti]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] na mkurugenzi wa [[tamthilia]] wa [[Meksiko]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mariana Gándara, destacada dramaturga y directora escénica murió a los 41 años|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/cultura/2025/8/20/mariana-gandara-destacada-dramaturga-directora-escenica-murio-los-41-anos-357255.html|access-date=2025-08-22|website=www.proceso.com.mx|language=spanish}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Gándara Salazar alipata [[shahada]] katika Fasihi ya Tamthilia na Sanaa ya Uigizaji kutoka Chuo Kikuu Huru cha Kitaifa cha Mexiko (UNAM). Alijiunga na Artillería Producciones mwaka [[2007]] kabla ya kuendelea na masomo katika Chuo cha Sanaa cha Central Saint Martins, [[London]]. Tamthilia yake ya kwanza yenye jina ''"Nobody belongs here more than you"'' ilimpa tuzo katika Tamasha la 18 la Kitaifa la Tamthilia la Chuo Kikuu. Baadaye aliunda tamthilia nyingine kama ''"Mar de fuchi"'' ([[2012]]), ''"Ghostly Matters-Collective Hallucinations"'' ([[2013]]) na ''"The Last Reef in the Third Dimension"'' (2013-[[2014]]). Gándara Salazar alifariki mjini Mexico City tarehe 20 Agosti 2025, akiwa na umri wa miaka 41. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] 24y0kkb3dhbwuqdlpk716q1z9ci521k 0 214070 1569094 1456921 2026-06-09T11:26:40Z ChriKo 35 Nyongeza jamii 1569094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = pink | jina = Panzi koo-mwiba | picha = | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = ''Catantops momboensis'' | himaya = [[Animalia]] <small>([[Mnyama|Wanyama]])</small> | faila = [[Arthropoda]] <small>(Wanyama wenye miguu yenye viungo)</small> | nusufaila = [[Hexapoda]] <small>([[Arithropodi]] wenye miguu sita)</small> | ngeli = [[Insecta]] <small>([[Wadudu]])</small> | nusungeli = [[Pterygota]] <small>(Wadudu wenye mabawa)</small> | oda = [[Orthoptera]] <small>(Wadudu wenye mabawa nyofu)</small> | nusuoda = [[Caelifera]] <small>(Panzi)</small> | oda_ya_chini = [[Acrididea]] | familia_ya_juu = [[Acridoidea]] | familia = [[Acrididae]] | bingwa_wa_familia = [[William Sharp Macleay|Macleay]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Catantopinae]] | bingwa_wa_nusufamilia = [[Karl Friedrich Brunner von Wattenwyl|Brunner von Wattenwyl]], 1893 | subdivision = '''Kabila 17 na jenasi 160 bila kabila, 29 katika [[Afrika]]:''' * [[Allagini]] <small>[[Henry Bennett Johnston|Johnston]], 1956</small> * [[Apoboleini]] <small>Johnston, 1956</small> * [[Catantopini]] <small>Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893</small> * [[Diexiini]] <small>[[Lev Leonidovich Mishchenko|Mistshenko]], 1945</small> * [[Gereniini]] <small>Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893</small> * [[Histrioacridini]] <small>[[Kenneth Hedley Lewis Key|Key]], 1993</small> * [[Kakaduacridini]] <small>Key, 1993</small> * [[Merehanini]] <small>[[Baccio Baccetti|Baccetti]], 1984</small> * [[Mesambriini]] <small>Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893</small> * [[Oxyrrhepini]] <small>[[Ernest Robert Tinkham|Tinkham]], 1940</small> * [[Paraconophymatini]] <small>[[Daniel Otte|Otte]], 1995</small> * [[Serpusiini]] <small>Johnston, 1956</small> * [[Tauchirini]] <small>Tinkham, 1940</small> * [[Urnisiellini]] <small>Key, 1993</small> * [[Uvaroviini]] <small>Mistshenko, 1952</small> * [[Wiltshirellini]] <small>[[Grigoriy Grigorievich Sumakov|Shumakov]], 1963</small> * [[Xenacanthippini]] <small>Tinkham, 1940</small> ** [[Abisares]] <small>[[Carl Stål|Stål]], 1878</small> ** [[Allotriusia]] <small>[[Ferdinand Karsch|Karsch]], 1896</small> ** [[Anischnansis]] <small>[[Vitaly Michailovitsh Dirsh|Dirsh]], 1959</small> ** [[Brachycatantops]] <small>Dirsh, 1953</small> ** [[Cardeniopsis]] <small>Dirsh, 1955</small> ** [[Cardenius]] <small>[[Ignacio Bolívar Urrutia|Bolívar]], 1911</small> ** [[Cerechta]] <small>Bolívar, 1922</small> ** [[Criotocatantops]] <small>[[Nicholas David Jago|Jago]], 1984</small> ** [[Cryptocatantops]] <small>Jago, 1984</small> ** [[Duviardia]] <small>[[Michel Donskoff|Donskoff]], 1985</small> ** [[Epacrocatantops]] <small>Jago, 1984</small> ** [[Eupropacris]] <small>[[Francis Walker|Walker]], 1870</small> ** [[Exopropacris]] <small>Dirsh, 1951</small> ** [[Hadrolecocatantops]] <small>Jago, 1984</small> ** [[Ischnansis]] <small>Karsh, 1896</small> ** [[Ixalidium]] <small>[[Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstäcker|Gerstäcker]], 1869</small> ** [[Kinangopa]] <small>[[Boris Petrovich Uvarov|Uvarov]], 1938</small> ** [[Melinocatantops]] <small>Jago, 1984</small> ** [[Oshwea]] <small>[[Willy Adolf Theodor Ramme|Ramme]], 1929</small> ** [[Oxycatantops]] <small>Dirsh, 1953</small> ** [[Pachycatantops]] <small>Dirsh, 1953</small> ** [[Parapropacris]] <small>Ramme, 1929</small> ** [[Pezocatantops]] <small>Dirsh, 1953</small> ** [[Platycatantops]] <small>Baccetti, 1985</small> ** [[Staurocleis]] <small>Uvarov, 1923</small> ** [[Tangana]] <small>Ramme, 1929</small> ** [[Tunstallops]] <small>Jago, 1984</small> ** [[Veseyacris]] <small>Dirsh, 1959</small> ** [[Vitticatantops]] <small>[[Bror Yngve Sjöstedt|Sjöstedt]], 1931</small> }} '''Panzi koo-mwiba''' ni [[panzi]] wadogo hadi wakubwa kiasi wa [[nusufamilia]] [[Catantopinae]] katika [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Acrididae]]. Wana mbenuko kama [[mwiba]] [[koo]]ni. [[Spishi]] nyingi hazina [[bawa|mabawa]] au zina mabawa mafupi kiasi au sana. Nyingine zina [[rangi]] angavu, nyingine ni [[kawawia]], [[kijivu]] na [[nyeusi]]. Kwa kawaida hula [[mmea|mimea]] yenye [[jani|majani]] mapana. Panzi hao hutokea [[Afrika]] na [[Asia]]. Takriban spishi 100 zimerekodiwa kutoka [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. ==Spishi za Afrika ya Mashariki== * ''Abisares depressus'' * ''Abisares viridipennis'', [[Panzi Kibyongo]] * ''Allaga ambigua'' * ''Allotriusia luteipennis'' * ''Anischnansis burtti'' * ''Aresceutica lemarineli'' * ''Aresceutica morogorica'' * ''Aresceutica nguruensis'' * ''Aresceutica subnuda'' * ''Auloserpusia lacustris'' * ''Auloserpusia phoeniconota'' * ''Auloserpusia poecila'' * ''Auloserpusia stilpnochlora'' * ''Auloserpusia synpicta'' * ''Auloserpusia zeuneri'' * ''Brachycatantops emalicus'' * ''Burttia caerulea'' * ''Burttia sylvatica'' * ''Cardeniopsis nigripes'' * ''Cardeniopsis nigropunctata'' * ''Cardeniopsis opulentus'' * ''Cardenius ineptus'' * ''Cardenius sheffieldi'' * ''Catantops tanganus'' * ''Catantops momboensis'' * ''Cerechta bouvieri'' * ''Coenona brevipedalis'' * ''Diabolocatantops axillaris'', [[Panzi Shetani]] * ''Duviardia vansomereni'' * ''Epacrocatantops curvicercus'' * ''Epacrocatantops loveni'' * ''Eupropacris abbreviata'' * ''Eupropacris cylindricollis'' * ''Eupropacris pompalis'' * ''Eupropacris uniformis'' * ''Eupropacris vana'' * ''Exopropacris captiosus'' * ''Exopropacris decipiens'' * ''Hadrolecocatantops glauningi'' * ''Hadrolecocatantops kilimandjaricus'' * ''Hadrolecocatantops kissenjianus'' * ''Hadrolecocatantops uvinza'' * ''Ischnansis curvicerca'' * ''Ischnansis gracilis'' * ''Ischnansis insitiva'' * ''Ischnansis serenae'' * ''Ixalidium bicoloripes'' * ''Ixalidium haematoscelis'' * ''Ixalidium sjostedti'' * ''Ixalidium transiens'' * ''Kinangopa jeanneli'' * ''Loveridgacris impotens'' * ''Loveridgacris tectifera'' * ''Marsabitacris citronota'', [[Panzi wa Marsabit]] * ''Maura bolivari'' * ''Melinocatantops somalicus'' * ''Merehana gharrei'' * ''Merehana somalica'' * ''Oshwea dubiosa'' * ''Oxycatantops adustus'' * ''Oxycatantops nigrospinosus'' * ''Oxycatantops spissus'' * ''Pachycatantops crassipes'' * ''Pachycatantops longipennis'' * ''Parapropacris graueri'' * ''Parapropacris notatus'' * ''Parapropacris rhodoptera'' * ''Pezocatantops impotens'' * ''Pezocatantops kinangopi'' * ''Pezocatantops lobipennis'' * ''Pezocatantops ngongi'' * ''Phaeocatantops concolor'' * ''Phaeocatantops curtinotus'' * ''Phaeocatantops decoratus'' * ''Phaeocatantops femoratus'' * ''Phaeocatantops haematofemur'' * ''Phaeocatantops hemipterus'' * ''Phaeocatantops johnstoni'' * ''Phaeocatantops neumanni'' * ''Phaeocatantops sanguinipes'' * ''Phaeocatantops tanneri'' * ''Phaeocatantops ufipae'' * ''Phaeocatantops uluguruense'' * ''Phaeocatantops uluguruense'' * ''Pseudophialosphera severini'' * ''Pseudophialosphera tectifera'' * ''Pezocatantops impotens'' * ''Pezocatantops kinangopi'' * ''Pezocatantops lobipennis'' * ''Pteroperina steini'' * ''Sauracris lacerta'' * ''Sauracris parvula'' * ''Sauracris simonettae'' * ''Sauracris zinae'' * ''Staurocleis magnifica'' * ''Stenocrobylus cervinus'' * ''Stenocrobylus crassus'' * ''Stenocrobylus diversicornis'' * ''Tangana aymmetrica'' * ''Trichocatantops villosus'' * ''Tunstallops rubrifemur'' * ''Tunstallops xanthofemur'' * ''Veseyacris ufipae'' * ''Vitticatantops burtti'' * ''Vitticatantops fasciatus'' ==Picha== <gallery> Humpback grasshopper (Abisares viridipennis) Ghana.jpg|Panzi kibyongo Allotriusia luteipennis iNaturalist.jpg|''Allotriusia luteipennis'' Aresceutica lemarineli iNaturalist.jpg|''Aresceutica lemarineli'' Brachycatantops emalicus male iNaturalist.jpg|''Brachycatantops emalicus'' Diabolocatantops axillaris female.jpg|Panzi shetani Oxycatantops spissus.jpg|''Oxycatantops spissus'' Pezocatantops impotens male1.jpg|''Pezocatantops impotens'' </gallery> [[Jamii:Panzi na jamaa]] 6qg3ihl52unaudiw78roengils3ksin 0 227134 1568932 1513395 2026-06-08T12:08:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hanifa Adan Farsafi''' (alizaliwa [[1996]], [[Korogocho]], [[Nairobi]]) ni mwanaharakati wa Kenya na mshawishi wa mitandao ya kijamii. Alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa mwaka [[2022]] baada ya kuibua na kukosoa mara kwa mara Serikali ya Kaunti ya Nairobi kuhusu tatizo la mifereji ya maji lililokuwa limeachwa kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 katika mitaa ya mabanda ya Korogocho. Kampeni yake ilipata uungwaji mkono mkubwa mtandaoni, na hatimaye ilisababisha serikali ya kaunti kuchukua hatua na kurekebisha tatizo hilo. Baadaye alishiriki pia katika maandamano yaliyoongozwa na vijana dhidi ya mswada wa fedha (Finance Bill) mwaka [[2024]]. == Uanaharakati == Uanaharakati wa Adan ulianza mwaka 2022 alipoanza kuzungumzia tatizo la mifereji iliyopuuzwa katika Korogocho, eneo la makazi yasiyo rasmi jijini Nairobi. Alitumia akaunti yake ya [[Twitter]] (sasa X) kuibua suala hilo, na ujumbe wake ulienea sana hadi ukasababisha Gavana wa Nairobi, Johnson Sakaja, kuchukua hatua za kulitatua tatizo hilo. Tukio hilo lilimpa umaarufu mkubwa katika uwanja wa uanaharakati wa kidijitali. Mwaka 2023, alielekeza kampeni zake katika [[Kaunti ya Mandera]], akiwakosoa viongozi wake kwa madai ya rushwa na matumizi mabaya ya madaraka. Baadaye alisitisha baadhi ya machapisho yake kutokana na kile alichokitaja kuwa vitisho na shinikizo dhidi yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title='I cried, but I never quit': Hanifa Adan opens up on journey through online abuse and activism |url=https://citizen.digital/article/i-cried-but-i-never-quit-hanifa-adan-opens-up-on-journey-through-online-abuse-and-activism-n355325 |work=Citizen Digital |date=4 Januari 2025}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alishiriki katika Maandamano ya Finance Bill ya Kenya, ambapo alitumia mitandao ya kijamii kupinga mswada huo. Pia aliratibu kampeni ya uchangishaji fedha mtandaoni kusaidia waathiriwa wa maandamano, ikijumuisha matibabu, uangalizi wa kiafya, misaada ya kijamii na gharama za mazishi kwa waliofariki katika maandamano hayo.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Hanifa Adan: How I discovered the power of fundraising |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/hanifa-how-i-discovered-the-power-of-fundraising--5088398 |newspaper=Daily Nation |date=30 Juni 2025}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2025, alizuiliwa nchini Tanzania akiwa katika mahakama ya kesi ya uhaini ya [[Tundu Lissu]], pamoja na wanaharakati wengine kama Hussein Khalid na Jaji Mkuu mstaafu Willy Mutunga.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Ex-CJ Mutunga detained in Tanzania after Karua’s deportation |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/ex-cj-mutunga-detained-in-tanzania-hours-after-karua-s-deportation-5047528 |newspaper=Daily Nation |date=19 Mei 2025}}</ref> Adan pia amekuwa mtetezi wa uongozi wa vijana na ushiriki wao katika sekta za uchumi na ajira, jambo lililosababisha mijadala na viongozi wakongwe, ikiwemo mzozo wa mtandaoni na katibu mkuu wa COTU (Kenya), [[Francis Atwoli]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Why Cotu boss Atwoli, activist Hanifa are embroiled in an X brawl |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2025-05-08-why-atwoli-hanifa-are-embroiled-in-x-brawl |newspaper=The Star |date=8 Mei 2025}}</ref> Yeye pia ni sehemu ya kamati ya utafiti ya mwanaharakati Okiya Omtatah aliyedhihirisha nia ya kugombea urais mwaka 2027. Aliteuliwa kwenye kamati hiyo Novemba 2024. Mnamo Agosti [[2025]], alitangaza nia yake ya kugombea nafasi ya Mbunge wa Wanawake wa Nairobi katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2027. Pia anashiriki katika programu za kuwawezesha wasichana kupitia mradi wake unaoitwa '''Girls First Initiative''', unaolenga kuboresha elimu kwa wasichana katika maeneo ya pembezoni. == Maisha binafsi na elimu == Adan alizaliwa mwaka 1996 katika Korogocho, Nairobi, Kenya. Anaendelea kuishi na familia yake na hajaoa. Ana shahada ya Uandishi wa Habari na Mawasiliano ya Umma, na kufikia mwaka 2024 alikuwa anaendelea na masomo ya Shahada ya Uzamili katika fani hiyo hiyo. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] 91msy2bfd2z4g344r3j8wp0uz1uteoo 0 227141 1568933 1513558 2026-06-08T12:09:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heba Suhaib Haj Aref''' (1991–2024) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu kutoka Syria aliyefahamika kwa uanaharakati wake wa kutetea haki za wanawake wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Syria, hususan kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Syria]]. Mwaka 2024 alipatikana amefariki dunia; ingawa uchunguzi rasmi ulisema alijiua, mashirika ya haki za binadamu yameeleza kuwa huenda aliuawa kutokana na shughuli zake za uanaharakati. == Maisha na uanaharakati == Haj Aref alisomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Aleppo kabla ya kuhamia na kuishi katika mji wa Bizaah, katika Mkoa wa Aleppo, pamoja na mume wake na watoto wake.<ref name="snhr">{{Rejea tovuti |title=SNHR condemns the assassination of activist Heba Suhaib Haj Aref |url=https://snhr.org/blog/2024/02/28/snhr-condemns-the-assassination-of-activist-heba-suhaib-haj-aref-in-eastern-rural-aleppo-governorate/ |website=Syrian Network for Human Rights |date=28 Februari 2024 |access-date=31 Oktoba 2025}}</ref> Mwaka 2023 alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Halmashauri ya Manispaa ya Bizaah. Kabla ya kifo chake, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu mkuu katika Shule ya Msingi ya al-Ikhwa, shule ya wavulana inayohusishwa na taasisi ya elimu ya Yeni Adam.<ref name="civicus">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Women's rights activist murdered in her home |url=https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/womens-rights-activist-murdered-in-her-home/ |website=Civicus Monitor |date=30 Machi 2024 |access-date=31 Oktoba 2025}}</ref> Haj Aref alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake na mwanachama wa mashirika kadhaa ya wanawake nchini Syria, yakiwemo Women's Protection Network, Women's Support and Empowerment Unit, Women's Feminist Movement, na Syrian Women's Network. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Syrian National Democratic Alliance Party. Kutokana na uanaharakati wake, alipokea vitisho kutoka kwa makundi mbalimbali ya kijeshi yaliyokuwa yakifanya kazi kaskazini-magharibi mwa Syria, yakimtuhumu kumuunga mkono [[Bashar al-Assad]]. Alilazimika kujiuzulu kutoka wadhifa wake katika Halmashauri ya Bizaah kutokana na shinikizo hizo. Pia aliripoti kampeni ya kumchafua mtandaoni kwa mamlaka za eneo, lakini hakuna uchunguzi uliofuata kufanyika. == Kifo na uchunguzi == Mnamo 26 au 27 Februari 2024, mwili wa Haj Aref ulipatikana nyumbani kwake na familia yake huko Bizaah. Ripoti mbalimbali zilieleza kuwa alikutwa amening’inizwa au amenyongwa kabla ya kunyongwa kwa kamba.<ref name="snhr" /> Kwa sababu ya mgogoro unaoendelea eneo hilo, vikosi mbalimbali vya usalama vilikuwa vikifanya kazi Bizaah, vikiwemo vikosi vinavyohusishwa na Serikali ya Mpito ya Syria na Jeshi la Kitaifa la Syria. Uchunguzi ulifanywa na Idara ya Usalama ya al-Bab, ambayo ilikamata washukiwa 17, lakini baadaye ilitangaza kuwa hakuna waliokuwa na uhusiano na makundi ya kijeshi. Mnamo 4 Machi, mamlaka ilitangaza kuwa uchunguzi wa kitabibu ulionyesha kuwa chanzo cha kifo kilikuwa ni kukosa mzunguko wa damu kwenye ubongo, na hivyo kuhitimisha kuwa ni kujiua. Washukiwa wote 17 waliozuiliwa baadaye waliachiliwa huru. Hata hivyo, mashirika ya haki za binadamu nchini Syria na kimataifa yalipinga hitimisho hilo, yakieleza kuwa kifo chake kilikuwa mauaji yaliyofichwa kama kujiua. Syrian Network for Human Rights ilitoa wito wa uchunguzi huru, wa kina na wa wazi kuhusu kifo chake. Shirika la European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights lilihusisha kifo chake na makundi ya kijeshi yanayodaiwa kuungwa mkono na nje ya Syria, na lilieleza masikitiko yake kwa familia yake. Katika Uingereza, kifo chake kilitajwa katika mjadala wa Siku ya Kimataifa ya Wanawake katika Bunge la Lords tarehe 8 Machi 2024. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1991|2024}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Syria]] sni07f7a0tgfwpe39fmd1m15uj8duni 0 228822 1568930 1506432 2026-06-08T12:05:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Amsatou Sow Sidibé.jpg|thumb|Amsatou Sow.]] '''Amsatou Sow Sidibé''' (amezaliwa 1953) ni msomi, wakili na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Senegal]]. Mwaka 2012 alihistoria kwa kuwa mgombea wa kwanza mwanamke wa urais nchini Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/senegals-female-presidential-candidate-has-equality-agenda-138803909/159562.html |title=Senegal's Female Presidential Candidate Has Equality Agenda |last=Shryock |first=Ricci |date=2012-02-05 |website=VOA |language=en |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Akiwa na historia ya kitaaluma katika sheria na uanaharakati wa haki za binadamu, Sidibé amejikita katika kukuza usawa wa kijinsia, haki za wanawake na mageuzi ya kisiasa nchini Senegal. Kabla ya kuingia kwa kiwango kikubwa katika siasa za uchaguzi, alihusika katika kazi za kitaaluma kama profesa wa sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop]] (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar), ambako pia aliwahi kuwa mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Haki za Binadamu na Amani. Kupitia nafasi hiyo, alichangia katika utafiti wa sheria za kimataifa, elimu ya haki za binadamu, na kuimarisha utawala wa sheria na taasisi za kidemokrasia nchini Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=2819 |title=Amsatou Sow Sidibé (Senegal) |website=WikiPeaceWomen |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> == Uanaharakati na Uongozi == Mbali na kazi ya kitaaluma, Sidibé alianzisha na kuongoza African Network for the Promotion of African Women Workers (RAFET), taasisi iliyolenga kuimarisha nafasi ya wanawake katika ajira, uchumi na uongozi barani Afrika, ikiwa na makao yake Dakar. Kupitia RAFET na ushirikiano wake na mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa, alitetea masuala ya elimu ya wasichana, afya ya uzazi, na kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika nafasi za uongozi na maamuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iknowpolitics.org/en/knowledge-library/interview/amsatou-sow-sidib%C3%A9 |title=Amsatou Sow Sidibé |website=iKNOW Politics |date=2012-06-21 |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Katika uanaharakati wake, Sidibé alichangia katika mchakato uliosababisha kupitishwa kwa sheria ya usawa wa kijinsia nchini Senegal mwaka 2010, ambayo ililazimisha vyama vya siasa kuhakikisha uwiano sawa wa wanawake na wanaume katika orodha za wagombea wa uchaguzi wa kitaifa na wa mitaa. Hatua hiyo ilichukuliwa kama hatua muhimu ya kuimarisha demokrasia jumuishi na kuongeza uwakilishi wa wanawake katika siasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://womensenews.org/2010/02/peacemaking-senegal-has-just-the-woman-2/ |title=For Peacemaking, Senegal Has Just the Woman |last=Amusa |first=Malena |date=2010-02-11 |website=Women’s eNews |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Mwaka 2012, Sidibé aliwania urais wa Senegal, akiwa mgombea wa kwanza mwanamke kufanya hivyo katika historia ya nchi hiyo. Katika kampeni yake alisisitiza ajenda ya usawa, haki za wanawake, na mageuzi ya kiutawala yenye lengo la kuongeza uwazi na ushiriki wa wananchi katika maamuzi ya taifa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/senegals-female-presidential-candidate-has-equality-agenda-138803909/159562.html |title=Senegal's Female Presidential Candidate Has Equality Agenda |last=Shryock |first=Ricci |date=2012-02-05 |website=VOA |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Sidibé amejulikana kwa kusisitiza umuhimu wa wanawake kushiriki katika ngazi za juu za uongozi na maamuzi ya kisiasa, akisema: “Wanawake wanazungumzia usawa kila mahali, hata vijijini.” Ameendelea pia kuhimiza kuwa usawa wa kijinsia haupaswi kubaki kauli tu, bali utekelezwe kwa vitendo katika taasisi zote za kijamii na kisiasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iknowpolitics.org/en/knowledge-library/interview/amsatou-sow-sidib%C3%A9 |title=Amsatou Sow Sidibé |website=iKNOW Politics |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Senegal]] 7gs8ad7nlgumub4vr9rjztth6w5dtzq 0 229553 1568939 1507818 2026-06-08T12:30:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bathabise Biyela''' (anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Thabsie'''; amezaliwa 5 Novemba 1991) ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa baada ya kushiriki katika wimbo maarufu ''Ngiyaz'fela Ngawe'', ambao ulipata mafanikio makubwa sana na kuthibitishwa mara nyingi kwa hadhi ya platinum nchini Afrika Kusini. Wimbo huo ulimshirikisha rapa Kwesta na kumuweka Thabsie kwenye ramani ya muziki wa kisasa barani Afrika. Mwaka 2017, Thabsie aliachia nyimbo mbili kuu, "African Queen" akimshirikisha [[JR]] na "Ubuyanini", kutoka kwenye albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio ''Songs About You'' (2017). Nyimbo hizi zilipata mafanikio, zikithibitishwa kuwa Platinum na Gold mtawalia na Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA). Baada ya mapumziko ya takribani miaka minne, Thabsie alirejea mwaka 2024 na wimbo "Same Place", uliounganisha mitindo ya Afro na R&B. Mwaka 2025 aliachia wimbo "Again", uliogusia mada za ustahimilivu na kujitambua. Pia alishirikiana na DJ maarufu DJ Zinhle katika wimbo "Kusazokhanya". Katika tuzo za TikTok Sub-Saharan Africa Awards za mwaka 2025, alitumbuiza medley ya nyimbo zake maarufu. == Tuzo na uteuzi == * Mwaka 2017, alishinda tuzo ya Song of the Year kwenye South African Hip Hop Awards kwa wimbo "Ngiyaz'fela Ngawe". * Katika South African Music Awards za mwaka 2018, albamu yake ''Songs About You'' iliteuliwa katika vipengele vya Newcomer of the Year na Best R&B/Soul/Reggae Album. * Mwaka 2019, aliteuliwa katika kipengele cha Record of the Year kwa wimbo "Macala". == Muhtasari == Thabsie ni miongoni mwa wasanii wa kizazi kipya nchini Afrika Kusini walioweza kuchanganya mitindo ya R&B, pop na Afro-soul kwa mafanikio, na ameendelea kubaki na ushawishi mkubwa katika muziki wa kisasa wa Afrika. {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:waimbaji wa Afrika Kusini]] ib1jm74x65pkuu5ftpyqvc5fmkli9up 0 229626 1568931 1507900 2026-06-08T12:06:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azza Karam''' ni profesa na mwandishi kutoka [[Misri]] anayejulikana kwa kazi yake ya kipekee ya kuunganisha dini na maendeleo endelevu katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], uongozi wake katika shirika la Religions for Peace katika kuendeleza ushirikiano wa kidini, na mchango wake mkubwa katika kuimarisha nafasi ya dini ndani ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Kuanzia mwaka 2003 hadi 2019, alifanya kazi katika nyadhifa mbalimbali za ushauri katika Umoja wa Mataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Shirika la Idadi ya Watu la Umoja wa Mataifa (UNFPA) na Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNDP). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Azza Karam alikulia Misri na India. Alitoka katika familia ya Kiislamu ya kihafidhina, lakini akiwa India alilelewa pia na mlezi wake Mhindu. Uzoefu wa kuona ibada za Kiislamu (salat) za wazazi wake na ibada za Kihindu (puja) za mlezi wake ulichochea shauku yake ya mapema kuhusu dini na ushirikiano wa kidini. Baba yake alikuwa mwanadiplomasia, jambo lililosababisha kusafiri mara kwa mara akiwa mtoto. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya Sayansi ya Uchumi na Utawala wa Biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani cha Cairo mwaka 1988. Baadaye alipata Shahada ya Uzamili (M.A.) kutoka International Institute of Social Studies mwaka 1990, na Shahada ya Uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika Sayansi ya Mazingira mwaka 1996 kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Amsterdam. == Kazi == Kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi 2004, Karam alikuwa mkuu wa Global Women of Faith Network katika shirika la Religions for Peace. Katika kipindi hicho alizungumzia nafasi ya Waislamu nchini Marekani baada ya mashambulizi ya 11 Septemba, pamoja na athari za migogoro na vita. Baadaye alihamia Umoja wa Mataifa New York akiwa mshauri mkuu (Senior Advisor) katika Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNDP) Kanda ya Kiarabu (2004–2007), ambapo aliratibu Ripoti za Maendeleo ya Binadamu za Kiarabu. Kuanzia 2007 hadi 2019, alifanya kazi katika UNFPA kama mshauri mkuu kuhusu utamaduni. Mwaka 2010 alianzisha na kuwa mwenyekiti wa kikundi kazi cha Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Dini na Maendeleo. Mwaka 2018 alisaidia kuanzishwa kwa Baraza la Ushauri la Dini la Umoja wa Mataifa linalojumuisha mashirika zaidi ya 40 ya kidini yasiyo ya kiserikali. Mwaka 2019 alichaguliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa kwanza mwanamke, Mwislamu wa kwanza, na Mtu wa kwanza kutoka Afrika Kaskazini kuongoza shirika la Religions for Peace katika historia yake ya miaka 50. Alijiuzulu mwaka 2023. Kwa sasa ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya ushauri ya Lead Integrity. == Ualimu == Amefundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Queen’s Belfast (1998–2000), na pia katika taasisi mbalimbali duniani ikiwemo Chuo cha Kijeshi cha Marekani (West Point) kuanzia 2002 hadi 2018. Mwaka 2019 aliteuliwa kuwa Profesa wa Dini na Maendeleo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, na baadaye (2024) kuwa profesa mshiriki katika Ansari Institute, Chuo Kikuu cha Notre Dame Marekani. == Machapisho yaliyochaguliwa == * ''Women, Islamisms and the State: Contemporary Feminisms in Egypt'' (1997) * ''Transnational Political Islam: Religion, Ideology and Power'' (2004) * ''Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers'' (2005, mhariri mwenza) * ''Faith-Inspired Initiatives to Tackle the Social Determinants of Child Marriage'' (2015) == Tuzo na heshima == * Shahada ya heshima ya Humane Letters – John Cabot University (2022) * Miongoni mwa The Muslim 500 (2020–2023) * Spirit of the United Nations Award (2015) * Tuzo ya Distinguished Alumni – American University in Cairo (2009) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:waandishi wa Misri]] 6d3ca4vhrgt12105rjla4fjw4go3qas 0 229896 1568938 1524982 2026-06-08T12:28:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salimatou Fatty''' (amezaliwa 2 Februari 1994) ni mwalimu na mtetezi wa usawa wa kijinsia kutoka [[Gambia]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Salimatou Foundation for Education, shirika la hisani nchini Gambia linalotetea upatikanaji wa elimu bora kwa gharama nafuu kwa wote. Pia ni Balozi wa Vijana wa Kimataifa katika Global Partnership for Education. Mwaka 2017, alitajwa miongoni mwa vijana 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa barani Afrika kutokana na juhudi zake katika kukuza elimu kwa wasichana wadogo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/users/sfatty|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} Global Partnership for Education|website=www.globalpartnership.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/salimatou-fatty-represents-west-africa-at-asian-conference|title=Salimatou Fatty represents West Africa at Asian Conference|last=|first=|date=|website=The Point|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201708310718.html|title=Gambia: Young Gambian Activist Among Most Influential Africans|last=|first=|date=|website=allAfrica|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> ==Elimu== Fatty alianza elimu yake katika taasisi ya Kiarabu ambako alijifunza kuhusu dini ya [[Islam]]. Aliendelea na masomo katika Shule ya Msingi ya Kerewan hadi darasa la pili. Baada ya hapo, yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia mjini Faji Kunda. Alisomea masuala ya Jinsia na Maendeleo katika Management Development Institute na kwa sasa anasomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Gambia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.whatson-gambia.com/exclusive/1460-interview-with-salimatou-fatty-the-young-woman-who-wants-every-child-to-attend-school|title=Interview with Salimatou Fatty: The young woman who wants every child to attend school|last=Khan|first=Alieu|website=What's On Gambia - Gambian Celebrity gossip, nightlife, entertainment news, culture & lifestyle|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630205020/http://www.whatson-gambia.com/exclusive/1460-interview-with-salimatou-fatty-the-young-woman-who-wants-every-child-to-attend-school|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Uanaharakati== Salimatou alianza kazi yake ya kibinadamu mwaka 2014 baada ya kumaliza elimu ya sekondari. Aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Vijana wa Kimataifa na shirika la A World At School kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2017. Alianzisha Salimatou Foundation for Education mwezi Novemba 2015. Shirika lake linatetea elimu bora kwa wote na usawa wa kijinsia. Aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya African Youth Award katika kipengele cha “Mtetezi wa Mwaka” mwezi Desemba 2016. Pia alitajwa kama “Msichana wa Mwezi” Septemba 2016 na Girls Pride Circle, na “Kijana wa Wiki” mwezi Machi 2016 na Young People in the Media. Salimatou ni mhitimu wa mpango wa Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI RLC). Mwaka 2017 alitajwa kama “Mwanamke wa Afrika wa Siku” na MTV Ghana tarehe 3 Machi, na pia akaorodheshwa miongoni mwa viongozi vijana 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa barani Afrika na African Youth Award. Amehudhuria na kuwakilisha katika mikutano na makongamano mbalimbali barani Afrika, Asia, Amerika, Ulaya na Uingereza kuhusu masuala ya kibinadamu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} A Journey to — 'Education for All'|date=2019-01-15|website=learningonline.xyz|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184339/https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Fatty alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Kerewan katika North Bank Division ya [[The Gambia|Gambia]] mwaka 1994, akiwa mtoto wa Aja Fatoumatta Jarra Ceesay na Alhajie Saikou Fatty. Ni mtoto wa saba kati ya watoto tisa. Alisoma katika Oustass Keita Dara ambapo alijifunza na kuimarisha imani yake ya dini ya [[Islam]]. Baba yake alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa mwaka mmoja tu, na hivyo kulelewa na mama yake peke yake. Mwezi Januari 2019, baada ya uchunguzi wa afya, aligundulika kuwa na tatizo la mgongo linaloitwa scoliosis nyingi. Katika mwaka huo huo wa 2019, alipambana pia na changamoto ya msongo wa mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} A Journey to — 'Education for All'|date=2019-01-15|website=learningonline.xyz|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184339/https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Gambia]] br49ruhg7l5drvh3uuy53oh15yzyc2x 0 231511 1569071 1531176 2026-06-09T10:01:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sofía Álvarez''' (amezaliwa '''Sofía Calzadilla Bichara'''; 29 Aprili 1958) ni mwigizaji na mwandishi kutoka [[Meksiko]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika ''Cuenta con Sofía'' (1978), ''Sofiando'' (1984) na ''Ladies Night'' (2003). == Wasifu == Álvarez alizaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1958 nchini [[Mexico]]. Alianza kazi yake ya sanaa mwaka 1963 akiwa na umri wa miaka 5, akifanya dubu (kutoa sauti) katika filamu kadhaa kama ''The Third Secret''. Pia alitoa sauti katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni. Mnamo mwaka 1978, alijiunga na kituo cha televisheni cha Canal 11 nchini Mexico, ambapo aliwasilisha kipindi cha ''Cuenta con Sofía''. Mwaka 1979 alicheza katika filamu ''María de mi corazón'', ambapo alikutana na [[Héctor Bonilla]] pamoja na mwongozaji Jaime Humberto Hermosillo. Kwa ushawishi wa [[Héctor Bonilla]], Sofía alihamia katika kituo cha televisheni cha Televisa, ambapo walishirikiana katika telenovela ''[[Atrapada (1991 TV series)|Atrapada]]''. Baada ya uzalishaji huo kumalizika mwaka 1992, Bonilla alipigwa marufuku na kituo hicho, na baadaye yeye pamoja na Sofía walijiunga na TvAzteca. Mwaka 1994, Sofía alicheza katika kipindi "Andamos brujas" cha mfululizo wa televisheni ''Entre vivos y muertos''. Mwaka 2003 alionekana katika filamu ''Ladies Night'', na mwaka 2005 alishiriki katika telenovela ''La otra mitad del sol''. Mwaka 2014 alishiriki katika telenovela ''Amor sin reserva'', na mwaka 2015 alicheza katika filamu ''Refugio''. == Filamu na kazi nyingine == Álvarez ameshiriki katika filamu, vipindi vya televisheni na kazi za ukumbi wa michezo, pamoja na kufanya kazi kama mtayarishaji na mwandishi katika miradi mbalimbali ya sanaa. == Ukumbi wa michezo == * ''Cuenta con Sofía'' * ''Emociones encontradas'' * ''En retirada'' * ''Tríptico de guerra'' * ''Los monólogos de la vagina'' * ''Cabos sueltos'' * ''El extranjero'' * ''Magnolias de acero'' * ''Amor y crimen en la casa de Dios'' * ''Menoclownsia'' (2014–2015) == Diskografia == * ''Cuento de navidad'' (1983) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] 3xy1mvut6u42l0zbigyp3pjdamchmtc 0 235750 1568928 1544494 2026-06-08T12:03:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qadi al-Aqib ibn Mahmud ibn Umar ibn Muhammad Aqit''' (1507/1508–1583) alikuwa kiongozi wa kisheria wa Sanhaja Berber (qadi), yaani hakimu mkuu wa mji wa Timbuktu, na pia Imam wa Msikiti wa Sankore. Alijihusisha na uongozi wa kidini na wa sheria katika kipindi cha kihistoria cha Timbuktu, akihudumu kama mmoja wa viongozi muhimu wa elimu ya Kiislamu na mahakama katika eneo hilo. Timbuktu ni mji wa kihistoria uliokuwa kituo muhimu cha elimu na biashara [[Afrika]] Magharibi. Sankore Mosque ni msikiti na kituo cha elimu kilichokuwa sehemu ya Chuo Kikuu cha Sankore, mojawapo ya vituo vikuu vya elimu ya Kiislamu katika historia ya Afrika. == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1507|1583}} [[Jamii:watu wa Mali]] hduyr1a67fwjtssjkiyty6glr799a60 0 237297 1568935 1547719 2026-06-08T12:11:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Reggab''' (1942-1990) alikuwa mwongozaji wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Moroko]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Reggab Mohamed|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7230&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=569|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Safi]], Moroko na kusoma nchini [[Ufaransa]] (École Supérieure Louis Lumière), [[Urusi]] (Chuo Kikuu cha Taifa cha Sinema cha All-Russian), [[Ubelgiji]] (Université libre de Bruxelles), na [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa filamu yake ya pekee ndefu ya hadithi iitwayo ''The Barber of the Poor Quarter'' (Kinyozi wa Mtaa wa Maskini), iliyotokana na mchezo wa kuigiza wa Youssef Fadel. Madeni binafsi aliyoingia wakati wa utengenezaji wa filamu hii yalisababisha afungwe gerezani kwa muda. Pia alishiriki katika filamu ya kikundi iitwayo ''Cinders of the Vineyard'' (1979).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=X6-EAgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|date=2003-12-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-66251-7|language=en}}</ref> Alifariki mjini [[Paris]] wakati akijiandaa kutengeneza filamu yake ya pili ndefu ya hadithi iliyoitwa ''Mémoires d'exil''. Yeye ni baba mzazi wa mwongozaji wa filamu Younes Reggab.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Casablanca : Projection en avant-première du long-métrage de Younès Reggab '404.01'|url=https://lematin.ma/culture/casablanca-projection-en-avant-premiere-du-long-metrage-de-younes-reggab/256660|work=Le Matin.ma|date=2024-12-21|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr|author=LE MATIN}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{BD|1942|1990}} [[Jamii:waongozaji filamu wa Moroko]] pophptsg5vy60pxftrpp6eou6602doo 0 237411 1569016 1548410 2026-06-09T08:45:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ole Kirk Christiansen''' (alizaliwa kama '''Ole Kirk Kristiansen'''; 7 Aprili 1891 – 11 Machi 1958) alikuwa Ole Kirk Christiansen seremala kutoka [[Udeni|Denmark]]. Mwaka 1932, alianzisha kampuni ya vifaa vya kuchezea vya ujenzi ya [[Lego|LEGO]], ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama Kundi la LEGO. Christiansen alibadilisha karakana yake ndogo ya useremala, ambayo mwanzoni iliuza bidhaa za matumizi ya nyumbani, kuwa kiwanda cha kutengeneza vifaa vya kuchezea vya mbao. Kufikia mwaka 1934, aliipa kampuni jina rasmi la LEGO na kuweka misingi yake muhimu ya biashara. Kampuni hiyo ilianza kutengeneza matofali ya plastiki baada ya kununua mashine ya kutengeneza bidhaa za plastiki kwa njia ya sindano mwaka 1947. Baada ya kifo chake mwaka 1958, usimamizi wa kampuni ulikabidhiwa kwa mwanawe, Godtfred. == Miaka ya awali == Christiansen alizaliwa tarehe 7 Aprili 1891 katika Omvraa Mark, Filskov, Kusini mwa Jutland, Denmark, eneo lililo takribani kilomita 20 kaskazini-magharibi mwa Billund.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-03-11 |title=Ole Kirk Christiansen, el creador de Lego, el juego de construcción más famoso del mundo |url=[https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/ole-kirk-christiansen-el-creador-de-lego-el-juego-de-construccion-mas-famoso-del-mundo_17770](https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/ole-kirk-christiansen-el-creador-de-lego-el-juego-de-construccion-mas-famoso-del-mundo_17770) |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=historia.nationalgeographic.com.es |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto 13 wa mfanyakazi wa shamba.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=2009-03-26 |title=Toy story |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/26/lego-billund-denmark](https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/26/lego-billund-denmark) |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Wazazi wake walikuwa Jens Niels Christiansen na Kirstine Christiansen.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Bundy Sichol |first=Lowey |title=From an Idea to Lego: The Building Bricks Behind the World's Largest Toy Company |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2019 |pages=3}}</ref> Ingawa familia yao ilikuwa maskini, Christiansen alipata elimu ya msingi ya sekondari. Akiwa bado mdogo, alianza kufanya kazi ya kuchunga na kusaidia shambani akiwa na umri wa miaka sita, huku akienda shule siku mbili kwa wiki. Katika kipindi hicho ndipo alipoanza kupenda kuchonga na kuchana mbao kwa kisu (whittling wood). Mwaka 1905, akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, alianza kufanya kazi kama mwanafunzi wa ufundi (apprentice) chini ya kaka yake mkubwa, Kristian Bonde Christiansen. Mwaka 1911, baada ya kumaliza mafunzo yake, alijiunga na jeshi na baadaye akasoma katika Shule ya Ufundi ya Haslev.<ref name=":4" /> Baadaye alisafiri nje ya nchi, akifanya kazi ya useremala nchini Ujerumani na Norway kabla ya kurejea Denmark.<ref name=":3" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1958}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Denmark]] l8gfhis9wxws3imctpce060a7ddybc9 0 237427 1568983 1548401 2026-06-09T04:03:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhanad Madyen''' (alizaliwa 25 Machi 1994) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Libya]] anayeshika nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Muhand Aissa|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/muhand-aissa/|work=worldfootball.net|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|archive-date=2023-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906144736/https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/muhand-aissa/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول|url=https://www.kooora.com/?player=135047|work=www.kooora.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|archive-date=2023-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430041057/https://www.kooora.com/?player=135047|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Libya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a8d0pjuuh1co063xpwkp93ar1oi6g4f 0 237550 1568979 1548188 2026-06-09T02:34:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morris Michtom''' (12 Septemba 1869 – 21 Julai 1938) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mvumbuzi aliyezaliwa [[Urusi]]. Pamoja na mke wake Rose, ambaye pia alikuwa Myahudi kutoka Urusi aliyehamia [[Brooklyn]], alianzisha kampuni ya Ideal Novelty and Toy Company. Michtom alipata wazo la kutengeneza teddy bear mwaka 1902,<ref name=JVLMichtom>{{cite web|url=[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Michtoms.html](http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Michtoms.html)|title=Rose and Morris Michtom and the Invention of the Teddy Bear|work=[[American Jewish Historical Society]]|access-date=20 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wakati huohuo ambapo Richard Steiff nchini Ujerumani naye alipata wazo la dubu wa kuchezea mwenye viungo vinavyosogea. Baada ya kifo cha Michtom, kampuni hiyo ilikuja kuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi ya kutengeneza wanasesere nchini Marekani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1869|1938}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] abugx9htpg3z9qwiycq0lhjwup4wqjo 0 237761 1568990 1549093 2026-06-09T06:44:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Acquaviva''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Nicholas Paul Acquaviva'''; 27 Mei 1927 – 2 Novemba 2003),alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Marekani]], mpiga piano na kiongozi wa bendi. == Maisha na kazi == Acquaviva alizaliwa Beacon, New York,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = Libraries Australia Search - Acquaviva, Nick, 1927|url = [http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website](http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49788598|website) = nla.gov.au|access-date = 2016-02-24}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = TimeLine of Light Music Composer/Arrangers|url = [http://www.classicthemes.com/composerTimeline.html|website](http://www.classicthemes.com/composerTimeline.html|website) = [www.classicthemes.com|access-date](http://www.classicthemes.com|access-date) = 2016-02-24}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ambapo baba yake Mike Acquaviva aliendesha kinyozi katika Main Street kwa miaka mingi.<ref name=":0" /> Kama kaka yake mkubwa Tony Acquaviva, alisoma katika Juilliard School na baadaye kuwa mwanamuziki wa kitaaluma.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|title = Beacon Revisited|url = [https://books.google.com/books?id=uELvcD7p2_YC|publisher](https://books.google.com/books?id=uELvcD7p2_YC|publisher) = Arcadia Publishing|date = 2003-01-01|isbn = 9780738534503|language = en|first = Robert J.|last = Murphy|first2 = Denise Doring|last2 = VanBuren|page = 96}}</ref> Acquaviva alijijengea taaluma katika muziki wa bendi na utunzi, akifanya kazi kama mpiga piano na kiongozi wa bendi katika mazingira mbalimbali ya muziki wa Marekani wa karne ya 20. Alichangia katika muziki wa “popular music” na light orchestral music, na alihusishwa na kizazi cha wanamuziki waliopitia mafunzo ya kitaaluma ya Juilliard. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2003}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ewu5m5brhf0ecu7l4g6zaduthqkq2uq 0 237783 1568985 1548713 2026-06-09T04:10:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murphy C. Anderson Jr.''' (9 Julai 1926 – 22 Oktoba 2015) alikuwa msanii wa vitabu vya katuni wa [[Marekani]] (comics artist), anayejulikana kama mmoja wa wachoraji wa kuongeza wino (inker) bora zaidi wa kizazi chake. Alifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 katika kampuni mbalimbali, hasa DC Comics, kuanzia enzi ya Golden Age of Comic Books katika miaka ya 1940. Alishiriki katika uchoraji wa wahusika maarufu wa katuni kama vile Hawkman, Batgirl, Zatanna, Spectre, na Superman. Pia alifanya kazi kwenye mfululizo wa magazeti ya katuni ya kila siku ya Buck Rogers yaliyosambazwa kitaifa (syndicated). Aidha, Anderson alichangia kwa muda mrefu katika jarida la ''PS'', jarida la elimu ya matengenezo ya kinga (preventive maintenance) la Jeshi la Marekani. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Murphy Anderson alizaliwa 9 Julai 1926 huko [[Asheville, North Carolina]], na akiwa bado katika shule ya msingi alihamia pamoja na familia yake kwenda [[Greensboro, North Carolina]].<ref name="CBG">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=John Jackson|url=[http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays|title=Comics](http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays|title=Comics) Industry Birthdays|work=[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]|date=June 10, 2005|access-date=December 12, 2010}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=tcj-obit>{{cite news|url=[http://www.tcj.com/murphy-anderson-1926-2015/|title=Murphy](http://www.tcj.com/murphy-anderson-1926-2015/|title=Murphy) Anderson, 1926 – 2015|author=Bill Schelly|date=October 27, 2015|work=[[The Comics Journal]]|publisher=[[Fantagraphics]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|2015}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] g9enr4g588cjz9e7wb6z0nsnp14ch75 0 237791 1568978 1549050 2026-06-09T01:54:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Ali Foroughi''' (mapema Agosti 1877<ref name="maghalat-birth">{{citation|last=Zoka-ol-Molk|first=Mohammad Ali|year=2009|title=Maghalat-e Foroughi|script-title=fa:مقالات فروغi|publisher=Tous|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=978-964-315-091-4|url=https://archive.org/details/maghalat-foroughi/page/n12|page=هشت|quote=در اوایل دههٔ سوم جمادی الآخره ۱۲۹۴ قمری (۱۲۵۶ شمسی و ۱۸۷۷ میلادی) متولد شده‌ام}}</ref><ref name="iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|article = FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK|last1 = Afshar|first1 = Iraj|last2=Azimi|first2=Fakhreddin|article-url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/forugi-mohammad-ali|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume= X, Fasc. 1|pages = 108–112|date = 31 January 2012|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref name="mosaheb">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[The Persian Encyclopedia]]|script-encyclopedia=fa:دایرةالمعارف فارسی|editor-last=Mosaheb|editor-first=Gholamhossein |editor-link=Gholamhossein Mosaheb|title=Forughi, Mohammad Ali|script-title=fa:فروغی، محمدعلی|year=2008|volume=2, Part 1|language=fa|page=1887|isbn=978-964-303-046-9|quote=جمادی الثانی ۱۲۹۴ ﻫق}}</ref> – 26<ref name="iranica"/> au 27<ref name="maghalat-death">{{citation|last=Zoka-ol-Molk|first=Mohammad Ali|year=2009|title=Maghalat-e Foroughi|script-title=fa:مقالات فروغی|publisher=Tous|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=978-964-315-091-4|url=https://archive.org/details/maghalat-foroughi/page/n22|page=هجده|quote=وفات فروغی که در شب جمعهٔ ششم آذرماه ۱۳۲۱ اتفاق افتاد}}</ref><ref name="si-khatere">{{citation|last=Hekmat|first=Ali-Asghar|title=Si Khatere az Asr-e Farkhonde-ye Pahlavi|script-title=fa:سی خاطره از عصر فرخندهٔ پهلوی|year=1976|publisher=Pars|url=https://archive.org/details/30Khatereh/page/n21|access-date=2019-11-27|page=15|quote=بتاریخ‌جمعهٔ ششم‌آذر۱۳۲۱ ساعت ده‌ بعدازظهر دوست دانشمند و بزرگوار، بلکه رئیس عالی‌مقام و استاد ارجمندم، محمدعلی فروغی (ذُکاءُالمُلک دوم) دراثر بیماری ممتد قلبی جهان را بدرود گفت}}</ref><ref name="ettehad-death">{{citation|last=Ettehad|first=Houshang|year=2000|title=Pazhuheshgaran-e Moaser-e Iran|script-title=fa:پژوهشگران معاصر ایران|trans-title=Contemporary Scholars of Iran|publisher=Farhang Moaser|location=Tehran|language=fa|volume=1|isbn=964-5545-43-9|page=79|quote=جمعه، ۶ آذر سال ۱۳۲۱ ش، ساعت ده بعداز ظهر، محمدعلی فروغی، ذُکاءُالمُلک دوم، در اثر بیماری مmtد قلبی، جهان را بدرود گفت}}</ref> Novemba 1942), pia akijulikana kama '''Zoka-ol-Molk''' (Kiajemi: ذُکاءُالمُلک), alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwandishi, mwanachama wa Freemason,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2009-01-24 |title=خبرگزاری فارس - "محمد علي فروغي"ناجي سلسله پهلوي و چراغدار لژ فراماسونري |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/news/8711051611%20%20%20%20/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A-%D9%88-%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%DA%98-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=خبرگزاری فارس}}</ref> mfuasi wa [[Uazali]] (Azalism),<ref>Turaj Amini, ''Gofteman Iran'', No. 164, December 2, 2008. [http://www.goftman-iran.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1138&Itemid=12]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] alihudumu kama [[Waziri Mkuu wa Iran]] kwa vipindi vitatu, akiwa Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza chini ya utawala wa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jaberi |first1=Arash |last2=Gharadaghi |first2=Masomeh |last3=Taleei Gharah Gheshlagh |first3=Aziz |last4=Samadivand |first4=Manocher |date=Winter 2024 |title=Explaining the role and beliefs of Mohammad Ali Foroughi in domestic and foreign policy during the prime ministership |url=https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_196051_df5ae8769673f3b39badd83de3a1294b.pdf?lang=en |journal=International Relations Research Quarterly |volume=13 |issue=3 |publisher=International Relations Researches |pages=281-309 |doi=10.22034/irr.2023.406713.2412 |access-date=April 26, 2026}}</ref> Aliandika vitabu vingi kuhusu historia ya kale ya Iran na anafahamika kwa kuanzisha [[Chuo cha Lugha na Fasihi cha Iran]] (Academy of Iran).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/97060603209/با-محمدعلی-فروغی-بیشتر-آشنا-شوید|title=با "محمدعلی فروغی" بیشتر آشنا شوید|date=2018-08-28|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.todaytime.ir/events/58-مرگ-محمدعلی-فروغی-سیاستمدار-و-نخست-وزیر-رژیم-پهلوی|title=مرگ محمدعلی فروغی سیاستمدار و نخست وزیر رژیم پهلوی|website=ساعت و تقویم روز ایران|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1942}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] [[Jamii: Quran]] 2kc8wt1hipa9fu3iu4ya84h2wfyrif1 0 237803 1568976 1549045 2026-06-09T01:37:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hussein Maidane''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Xuseen Maydhane'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuwa [[Meya]] wa Borama, mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi wa mkoa wa Awdal katika Somaliland. == Kazi == Maidane ni mwanachama wa chama cha Kulmiye (Amani, Umoja, na Maendeleo), chama tawala cha Somaliland. Alichaguliwa kuwa meya tarehe 24 Juni 2015 na madiwani 13 wa [[manispaa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Borama elects new Mayor & Deputy Mayor|url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/borama-elects-new-mayor-deputy-mayor/|work=www.somalilandinformer.com|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|archive-date=2017-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013172133/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/borama-elects-new-mayor-deputy-mayor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] b45ol520pzg4bi2yid979rknahuwroh 0 237836 1568977 1549513 2026-06-09T01:48:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Abdullahi Omar''' (Kisomali: ''Maxamed Cabdulaahi Cumar'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somaliland. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje wa Somaliland. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 28 Julai 2010 na Rais wa wakati huo Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud. Baada ya mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri tarehe 25 Juni 2013, <ref>{{Citation|title=Somaliland: President Silanyo Unveils A Major Reshuffle To His Cabinet|date=2013-06-25|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/25/somaliland-president-silanyo-unveils-a-major-reshuffle-to-his-cabinet/|work=Midnimo information center {{!}} News and information about somalia|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-23|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113020405/http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/25/somaliland-president-silanyo-unveils-a-major-reshuffle-to-his-cabinet/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Omar alibadilishwa na kuondolewa nafasi hiyo na kupewa jukumu lingine la kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Biashara wa Somaliland. Hata hivyo, tarehe 20 Mei 2014, aliondolewa kwenye nafasi hiyo kwa amri ya rais kufuatia mgogoro wa ndani kuhusu uongozi ndani ya chama tawala cha Kulmiye.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Wrangle-splits-Somaliland-Ruling-Party-as-President-Siilaanyo-seeks-re-election_printer.shtml|work=www.garoweonline.com|accessdate=2026-05-23}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mareje0 == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] gcihss2gwqp7vi9ffnnaautcptahtrn 0 237955 1568936 1549006 2026-06-08T12:25:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morcheeba''' ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Uingereza]], iliyoundwa kati ya mwaka 1990 ikiwa na waanzilishi ndugu Paul na Ross Godfrey ambao baadaye walifundisha waimbaji wengine Skye Edwards.<ref>https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/931/morcheeba/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:bendi za muziki za Uingereza]] qunpe7a4ogyk0m5mmu7opeb2v9nefak 1568937 1568936 2026-06-08T12:26:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morcheeba''' ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Uingereza]], iliyoundwa kati ya mwaka 1990 ikiwa na waanzilishi ndugu Paul na Ross Godfrey ambao baadaye walifundisha waimbaji wengine Skye Edwards.<ref>https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/931/morcheeba/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:bendi za muziki wa Uingereza]] ng8fgapsvrwq6t2fwbd4jddze0cx83y 0 237983 1568934 1549074 2026-06-08T12:09:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Jakub Quirin Jahn''' (4 Juni 1739 – 18 Agosti 1802) aliyezaliwa katika mji wa Prague, alikuwa mchoraji wa mambo ya kale na msanii kutoka Bohemia. Jahn alijifunza uchoraji angali na umri mdogo chini ya uangalzi wa baba yake hadi mwaka 1758 na baadae alianzisha kikundi cha wachoraji kilichojumuisha Jan Ferdinand Schor na František Xaver Palko. Kutoka mwaka 1761 alisoma Sanaa katika chuo cha Academy.<ref>https://biblio.hiu.cas.cz/records/80c7d467-b6ad-4f2c-944b-b880f340b4cc</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1739|1803}} [[Jamii:wachoraji wa Ucheki]] ji2htntksq59s11l53fhiwl9sc4mkaq 0 238005 1568941 1549734 2026-06-08T13:02:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Vanitas''' ni aina ya "memento mori" inayoashiria mpito wa maisha, ubatili wa raha, na uhakika wa kifo, na hivyo ubatili wa tamaa zote za dunia. Michoro hiyo ilihusisha taswira ya maisha ya vitu vya mpito. Aina hiyo ilianza katika [[karne ya 16]] na kuendelea hadi karne ya 17. Sanaa ya Vanitas ni aina ya sanaa ya mafumbo inayowakilisha bora zaidi. Ilikuwa aina ndogo ya uchoraji iliyoajiriwa sana na wachoraji wa Uholanzi wakati wa kipindi cha Baroque (c.1585-1730). Wachoraji wa Uhispania wanaofanya kazi mwishoni mwa Enzi ya Dhahabu ya Hispania pia waliunda uchoraji wa vanitas. Sanaa ya Vanitas ni aina ya sanaa ya mafumbo inayowakilisha bora zaidi. Ilikuwa aina ndogo ya uchoraji iliyoajiriwa sana na wachoraji wa Uholanzi wakati wa kipindi cha Baroko (c.1585-1730). Wachoraji wa Uhispania wanaofanya kazi mwishoni mwa Enzi ya Dhahabu ya Uhispania pia waliunda uchoraji wa vanitas.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Bible Gateway passage: Ecclesiastes 1 - New International Version |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ecclesiastes%201&version=NIV |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=Bible Gateway |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Sanaa]] ehzatugj722tzh41upzsuyb7tz4gsuu 0 238807 1568991 1550553 2026-06-09T06:48:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nick Sharratt''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti 9]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mchoraji]] picha nchini [[Uingereza]] wa vitabu vya watoto<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksharratt.com/biography.html|title=Nick Sharratt biography|accessdate=2026-05-26|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118195635/http://nicksharratt.com/biography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|title=Sharratt, Nick|access-date=20 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030104040/http://www.imagesofdelight.com/client.asp?id=64#bio|archive-date=30 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0d9n2orahqd8q6m03mgucmitql8tsby 0 239443 1568999 1555014 2026-06-09T07:41:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1568999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nonceba Agnes Gcaleka-Mazibuko''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika [[Kusini]] na Mbunge katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa kupitia chama cha ''African National Congress'' (ANC). Alichaguliwa kujiunga na bunge hilo katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Afrika Kusini uliofanyika mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ms Nonceba Agnes Gcaleka-Mazibuko - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5781|work=parliament.gov.za|accessdate=2026-05-27|language=en|archive-date=2024-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106143800/https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5781|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika majukumu yake ya kibunge, anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Fedha (''Standing Committee on Finance'').<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Parliament Launches Weekly Committee Cluster Media Briefings to Enhance Accountability|url=https://siwnews.com/2024/11/26/parliament-launches-weekly-committee-cluster-media-briefings-to-enhance-accountability/|work=siwnews.com|accessdate=2026-05-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] 1xvr1k0w6djmwdfp68ww1sneucaqt0r 0 239726 1569056 1555546 2026-06-09T09:53:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1569056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oumarou''' '''Sidikou''' (takriban 1937 – 5 Aprili 2005) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Aujourd'hui Le Maroc - Décès au MAroc du 1er vice-président de l'Assemblée nationale du Niger|url=http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details34088.html|work=www.aujourdhui.ma|accessdate=2026-05-28|author=ALM Publishing|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926211216/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details34088.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa Naibu Gavana wa Benki Kuu ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (Central Bank of West African States) kuanzia 1988 hadi 1993. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha National Movement for the Development of Society. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Niger]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] qn6dkv3uirisqvnsdqerg20ssve1aj9 3 240433 1568972 1567080 2026-06-08T18:55:07Z AccountVanishRequests 68776 AccountVanishRequests moved page [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NchiniTanzania]] to [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Renamed user 2a35ca4290c7d665f9dd16d2665c2204]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/NchiniTanzania|NchiniTanzania]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 2a35ca4290c7d665f9dd16d2665c2204|Renamed user 2a35ca4290c7d665f9dd16d2665c2204]]" 1567080 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) tjr6vhcns2gb71v0y4d2543wwdk6r9u 0 240480 1568929 1568227 2026-06-08T12:04:00Z Idd ninga 30188 1568929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheria za maji''' (katika [[mamlaka]] nyingine, inatajwa kama "sheria za rasilimali ya maji") ni nyanja ya [[sheria]] inayoshughulikia umiliki, udhibiti, na matumizi ya [[maji]] kama [[rasilimali]]. Inahusiana kwa karibu zaidi na sheria ya [[Mali (uchumi)|mali]], na ni tofauti na sheria zinazosimamia [[ubora]] wa maji. == Maji yanayodhibitiwa kisheria == Maji yanapatikana kila mahali na hayaheshimu mipaka ya kisiasa. Sheria za rasilimali za maji zinaweza kutumika kwa sehemu yoyote ya [[angahewa]] ya maji ambapo madai yanaweza kutolewa ili kumiliki au kuhifadhi maji kwa ajili ya kutimiza lengo fulani. Maji hayo yanajumuisha, lakini hayazuiliwi na: * Maji ya juu ya ardhi — maziwa, mito, vijito, bahari, na ardhioevu; * Maji ya mtiririko wa juu — kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka ardhini kutokana na mvua, mafuriko, na theluji inayoyeyuka kabla maji hayo hayajafika kwenye njia za maji, maziwa, ardhioevu, au bahari; * Maji ya chini ya ardhi — hasa maji yaliyopo kwenye vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya [[ardhi]]. == Historia == [[Faili:P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG|thumb|Kanuni za Hammurabi, zikiwa na mojawapo ya sheria za kwanza za kisheria zinazohusiana na rasilimali za maji.]] Historia ya uhusiano wa watu na maji inaonyesha mbinu mbalimbali za usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji. "Lipit Ishtar na Ur Nammu zote zina vifungu kuhusu maji, zinatangulia Kanuni za Hammurabi kwa angalau miaka 250, na waziwazi zinatoa misingi ya kisheria ambayo juu yake Kanuni za [[Hammurabi]] zilijengwa." Kanuni za Hammurabi zilikuwa miongoni mwasheria za kwanza kabisa zilizoandikwa kushughulikia masuala ya maji, na kanuni hizi zilijumuisha usimamizi wa matumizi ya maji. Wakati kanuni hizo zilipoandikwa katika Mesopotamia ya kale, ustaarabu wa maeneo yaliyozunguka ulitegemea mito ya Tigris na Euphrates ili kuishi. Matokeo yake, viongozi walihitaji kutengeneza mifumo tata ya mifereji na umwagiliaji ili kukidhi mahitaji yao ya maji.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kornfeld|first=Itzchak E.|title=Mesopotamia: A History of Water and Law|date=2009|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|work=The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water|pages=21–36|editor-last=Dellapenna|editor-first=Joseph W.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9867-3|access-date=2026-06-07|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=Joyeeta}}</ref> Kanuni hizo zilitengenezwa takriban miaka 3,800 iliyopita na Mfalme Hammurabi wa [[Babeli]]. == Ugumu wa haki za maji == Maji yana utata wa kipekee katika kudhibitiwa, kwa sababu sheria nyingi zimebuniwa hasa kwa ajili ya ardhi. Maji ni rasilimali inayotembea, usambazaji wake hutofautiana kulingana na mwaka, msimu, na eneo, na yanaweza kutumiwa kwa wakati mmoja na watu au taasisi nyingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Water Law Overview – National Agricultural Law Center|url=https://nationalaglawcenter.org/overview/water-law/|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Kama ilivyo katika sheria ya mali, haki za maji zinaweza kuelezewa kama "kifungu cha vijiti" chenye shughuli nyingi zinazoweza kutenganishwa, ambazo zinaweza kuwa na viwango tofauti vya udhibiti. Kwa mfano, matumizi fulani ya maji huyaelekeza kutoka kwenye mkondo wake wa asili lakini hurudisha sehemu kubwa au yote (k.m. mitambo ya [[Umememaji|umeme wa maji]]), wakati matumizi mengine hutumia kiasi kikubwa cha kile wanachokichukua (kama vile utengenezaji wa barafu, [[kilimo]]), na mengine hutumia maji bila kuyachepusha hata kidogo (k.m. usafirishaji kwa [[mashua]]). Kila aina ya shughuli ina mahitaji yake enyewe na kithiolojia inaweza kudhibitiwa kivyake. Kuna aina kadhaa za migogoro inayoweza kujitokeza: uhaba wa jumla; uhaba katika wakati au mahali mahususi, uchepushaji wa maji unaopunguza mtiririko unaopatikana kwa wengine, vichafuzi au mabadiliko mengine (kama vile joto au utando) yanayofanya maji kutofaa kwa matumizi ya wengine, na uhitaji wa kudumisha "mtiririko wa asili" wa maji ili kulinda mfumo wa [[Ekolojia|ikolojia]] wa [[asili]]. Nadharia moja ya historia, iliyotolewa katika kitabu cha Karl August Wittfogel<ref>https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/174130/mod_resource/content/3/Wittfogel_Oriental_Despotism_1957.pdf</ref> kiitwacho ''Oriental Despotism: A Comparative'' ''Study of Total Power''<ref>https://arxiujosepserradell.cat/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ORIENTAL-DESPOTISM-A-COMPARATIVE-STUDY-OF-TOTAL-POWER-by-KARL-AUGUST-WITTFOGEL-z-lib.org_.pdf</ref>'','' inashikilia kuwa himaya nyingi ziliundwa kuzunguka mamlaka kuu iliyodhibiti watu kwa ukiritimba wa usambazaji wa maji. Himaya ya aina hii ya majimaji hutengeneza uwezekano wa [[udikteta]], na hutumika kama onyo katika kubuni kanuni za maji. Sheria ya maji inahusisha utata katika sehemu nyingine za dunia ambapo idadi ya watu inayokua inakabiliwa na ushindani unaoongezeka juu ya rasilimali ndogo ya asili. Migogoro juu ya [[Mto|mito]], [[Maziwa ya Afrika|maziwa]], na vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi huvuka mipaka ya kitaifa. Ingawa sheria ya maji bado inadhibitiwa zaidi na nchi binafsi, kuna seti za kimataifa za sheria zilizopendekezwa kama vile Sheria za Helsinki juu ya Matumizi ya Maji ya Mito ya kimataifa na Tamko la The Hague juu ya Usalama wa Maji katika [[Karne ya 21]]. Masuala ya muda mrefu katika sheria ya maji yanajumuisha athari zinazoweza kutokea za ongezeko la [[joto]] duniani kwenye mifumo ya mvua na uvukizi; upatikanaji na gharama ya teknolojia ya kuondoa chumvi kwenye maji ; udhibiti wa uchafuzi; na ukuaji wa [[ufugaji]] wa viumbe vya majini. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:WCZ Culture]] m4rbafzbigumd38l45n1vkeo0nedtpe 1568947 1568929 2026-06-08T13:18:52Z Maryam Saleh Abeid 79870 Kuendeleza kuandika makala 1568947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheria za maji''' (katika [[mamlaka]] nyingine, inatajwa kama "sheria za rasilimali ya maji") ni nyanja ya [[sheria]] inayoshughulikia umiliki, udhibiti, na matumizi ya [[maji]] kama [[rasilimali]]. Inahusiana kwa karibu zaidi na sheria ya [[Mali (uchumi)|mali]], na ni tofauti na sheria zinazosimamia [[ubora]] wa maji. == Maji yanayodhibitiwa kisheria == Maji yanapatikana kila mahali na hayaheshimu mipaka ya kisiasa. Sheria za rasilimali za maji zinaweza kutumika kwa sehemu yoyote ya [[angahewa]] ya maji ambapo madai yanaweza kutolewa ili kumiliki au kuhifadhi maji kwa ajili ya kutimiza lengo fulani. Maji hayo yanajumuisha, lakini hayazuiliwi na: * Maji ya juu ya ardhi — maziwa, mito, vijito, bahari, na ardhioevu; * Maji ya mtiririko wa juu — kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka ardhini kutokana na mvua, mafuriko, na theluji inayoyeyuka kabla maji hayo hayajafika kwenye njia za maji, maziwa, ardhioevu, au bahari; * Maji ya chini ya ardhi — hasa maji yaliyopo kwenye vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya [[ardhi]]. == Historia == [[Faili:P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG|thumb|Kanuni za Hammurabi, zikiwa na mojawapo ya sheria za kwanza za kisheria zinazohusiana na rasilimali za maji.]] Historia ya uhusiano wa watu na maji inaonyesha mbinu mbalimbali za usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji. "Lipit Ishtar na Ur Nammu zote zina vifungu kuhusu maji, zinatangulia Kanuni za Hammurabi kwa angalau miaka 250, na waziwazi zinatoa misingi ya kisheria ambayo juu yake Kanuni za [[Hammurabi]] zilijengwa." Kanuni za Hammurabi zilikuwa miongoni mwasheria za kwanza kabisa zilizoandikwa kushughulikia masuala ya maji, na kanuni hizi zilijumuisha usimamizi wa matumizi ya maji. Wakati kanuni hizo zilipoandikwa katika Mesopotamia ya kale, ustaarabu wa maeneo yaliyozunguka ulitegemea mito ya Tigris na Euphrates ili kuishi. Matokeo yake, viongozi walihitaji kutengeneza mifumo tata ya mifereji na umwagiliaji ili kukidhi mahitaji yao ya maji.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kornfeld|first=Itzchak E.|title=Mesopotamia: A History of Water and Law|date=2009|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|work=The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water|pages=21–36|editor-last=Dellapenna|editor-first=Joseph W.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9867-3|access-date=2026-06-07|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=Joyeeta}}</ref> Kanuni hizo zilitengenezwa takriban miaka 3,800 iliyopita na Mfalme Hammurabi wa [[Babeli]]. == Ugumu wa haki za maji == Maji yana utata wa kipekee katika kudhibitiwa, kwa sababu sheria nyingi zimebuniwa hasa kwa ajili ya ardhi. Maji ni rasilimali inayotembea, usambazaji wake hutofautiana kulingana na mwaka, msimu, na eneo, na yanaweza kutumiwa kwa wakati mmoja na watu au taasisi nyingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Water Law Overview – National Agricultural Law Center|url=https://nationalaglawcenter.org/overview/water-law/|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Kama ilivyo katika sheria ya mali, haki za maji zinaweza kuelezewa kama "kifungu cha vijiti" chenye shughuli nyingi zinazoweza kutenganishwa, ambazo zinaweza kuwa na viwango tofauti vya udhibiti. Kwa mfano, matumizi fulani ya maji huyaelekeza kutoka kwenye mkondo wake wa asili lakini hurudisha sehemu kubwa au yote (k.m. mitambo ya [[Umememaji|umeme wa maji]]), wakati matumizi mengine hutumia kiasi kikubwa cha kile wanachokichukua (kama vile utengenezaji wa barafu, [[kilimo]]), na mengine hutumia maji bila kuyachepusha hata kidogo (k.m. usafirishaji kwa [[mashua]]). Kila aina ya shughuli ina mahitaji yake enyewe na kithiolojia inaweza kudhibitiwa kivyake. Kuna aina kadhaa za migogoro inayoweza kujitokeza: uhaba wa jumla; uhaba katika wakati au mahali mahususi, uchepushaji wa maji unaopunguza mtiririko unaopatikana kwa wengine, vichafuzi au mabadiliko mengine (kama vile joto au utando) yanayofanya maji kutofaa kwa matumizi ya wengine, na uhitaji wa kudumisha "mtiririko wa asili" wa maji ili kulinda mfumo wa [[Ekolojia|ikolojia]] wa [[asili]]. Nadharia moja ya historia, iliyotolewa katika kitabu cha Karl August Wittfogel<ref>https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/174130/mod_resource/content/3/Wittfogel_Oriental_Despotism_1957.pdf</ref> kiitwacho ''Oriental Despotism: A Comparative'' ''Study of Total Power''<ref>https://arxiujosepserradell.cat/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ORIENTAL-DESPOTISM-A-COMPARATIVE-STUDY-OF-TOTAL-POWER-by-KARL-AUGUST-WITTFOGEL-z-lib.org_.pdf</ref>'','' inashikilia kuwa himaya nyingi ziliundwa kuzunguka mamlaka kuu iliyodhibiti watu kwa ukiritimba wa usambazaji wa maji. Himaya ya aina hii ya majimaji hutengeneza uwezekano wa [[udikteta]], na hutumika kama onyo katika kubuni kanuni za maji. Sheria ya maji inahusisha utata katika sehemu nyingine za dunia ambapo idadi ya watu inayokua inakabiliwa na ushindani unaoongezeka juu ya rasilimali ndogo ya asili. Migogoro juu ya [[Mto|mito]], [[Maziwa ya Afrika|maziwa]], na vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi huvuka mipaka ya kitaifa. Ingawa sheria ya maji bado inadhibitiwa zaidi na nchi binafsi, kuna seti za kimataifa za sheria zilizopendekezwa kama vile Sheria za Helsinki juu ya Matumizi ya Maji ya Mito ya kimataifa na Tamko la The Hague juu ya Usalama wa Maji katika [[Karne ya 21]]. Masuala ya muda mrefu katika sheria ya maji yanajumuisha athari zinazoweza kutokea za ongezeko la [[joto]] duniani kwenye mifumo ya mvua na uvukizi; upatikanaji na gharama ya teknolojia ya kuondoa chumvi kwenye maji ; udhibiti wa uchafuzi; na ukuaji wa [[ufugaji]] wa viumbe vya majini. == Mifano ya kisheria == Haki ya kisheria ya kutumia vyanzo maalum vya maji inajulikana kama haki ya [[maji]]. Kuna mifano miwili mikuu inayotumiwa kwa haki za maji. Wa kwanza ni haki za riparian, ambapo mmiliki wa ardhi iliyo karibu ana haki ya kutumia maji yaliyo kwenye mkondo ulio karibu nayo. Mfano mwingine mkuu ni ule wa ugawaji wa awali, ambapo chama cha kwanza kutumia vyanzo vya maji kina haki za kwanza juu yake, bila kujali kama mali hiyo iko karibu na chanzo cha maji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Chennat |date=1973 |title=The Doctrine of Prior Appropriation and Its Impact on Water Development: A Critical Survey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3485791 |journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=61–72 |issn=0002-9246}}</ref> Mifumo ya riparian kwa ujumla ni ya kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye maji mengi, wakati mifumo ya ugawaji wa awali ni ya kawaida zaidi katika hali ya hewa kavu. Kwa kuwa sheria ya rasilimali za maji ni tata, maeneo mengi yana mchanganyiko wa mifano hiyo miwili. == Sheria ya maji kwa nchi == === Sheria ya kimataifa === ''Makala kuu: Haki ya maji<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FactSheet35en.pdf</ref>'' Haki ya kutumia maji ili kukidhi mahitaji ya msingi ya binadamu kwa matumizi ya kibinafsi na ya nyumbani imelindwa chini ya sheria za kimataifa za [[Haki za binadamu|haki za]] [[Haki za binadamu|binadamu]]. Inapojumuishwa katika mifumo ya kisheria ya kitaifa, haki hii huunganishwa na haki nyingine za maji ndani ya sheria pana ya maji. Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa katika sheria za kimataifa kupitia aina mbalimbali za nyaraka za kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na mikataba ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu, matamko na viwango vingine. Aidha, Umoja wa Mataifa ulipitisha azimio likisema kuwa nchi wanachama "inatambua haki ya kupata maji safi na salama ya kunywa na usafi wa mazingira kama haki ya binadamu ambayo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kufurahia kikamilifu maisha na haki zote za binadamu."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Document Viewer|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/64/292|work=docs.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji inaziwekea serikali majukumu makuu ya kuhakikisha kuwa watu wanaweza kufurahia "maji ya kutosha, salama, yanayopatikana kwa urahisi, na yanayomudu gharama, bila ubaguzi". Hasa zaidi, serikali zinatarajiwa kuchukua hatua zinazofaa ili kuepuka [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|usambazaji]] [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|wa maji]] yaliyochafuliwa na kuhakikisha kuwa hakuna tofauti katika upatikanaji wa maji miongoni mwa raia. Leo hii, nchi zote zimeridhia angalau mkataba mmoja wa haki za binadamu ambao unatambua haki hiyo kwa uwazi au kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja, na zote zimetia saini angalau tamko moja la kisiasa linalotambua haki hii. === Canada === Chini ya Sheria ya Katiba ya mwaka 1867, amlaka juu ya njia za maji imegawanywa kati ya serikali ya shirikisho na serikali za mikoa. Mamlaka ya shirikisho yanatokana na nguvu za kusimamia usafiri wa majini na meli, uvuvi, na usimamizi wa maeneo ya kaskazini, jambo ambalo limesababisha kupitishwa kwa: * Sheria ya Uvuvi, * Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Usafiri wa Majini, * Sheria ya Kuzuia Uchafuzi wa Maji ya Aktiki, * Sheria ya Bahari. Mamlaka ya mikoa yanatokana na nguvu juu ya [[mali]] na haki za kiraia, masuala ya asili ya ndani na ya kibinafsi, na usimamizi wa ardhi za Serikali. Katika Ontario, [[Quebec]], na mikoa mingine, vitanda vya maji yote yanayopitika vinamilikiwa na Serikali, kinyume na sheria ya Uingereza. Serikali zote za mikoa pia hudhibiti ubora wa maji kupitia sheria za ulinzi wa mazingira na maji ya kunywa, kama vile Sheria ya [[Maji salama|Maji Safi]] katika [[Ontario]]. === Australia === Sheria za maji nchini Australia hutofautiana kulingana na kila jimbo. Katika jimbo la New South Wales, sheria za maji husimamiwa na chombo huru cha udhibiti; ''[[Natural Resources Access Regulator]]''. === Tasmania === ''Tasmanian Water Corporation'' ilimiliki kwa lazima miundombinu yote ya usambazaji wa maji ya kunywa ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa ikisimamiwa na mabaraza ya mitaa. Sera hii haikupendwa na madiwani wote wa mitaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flora Fox {{!}} Water & Sewer governance, Tasmania|url=https://florafox.tumblr.com/post/3418412236/water-sewer-governance-tasmania|work=florafox.tumblr.com|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref> === Iran === Programu ya saba ya serikali ya Iran mnamo 2023-22 iliagiza kuandaa na kuanzisha ofisi mpya ya mfumo wa utawala wa rasilimali za maji uliounganishwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dolat.ir/detail/395982|work=dolat.ir|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:WCZ Culture]] k3ypsht9lt8fbm1x3tv1a1d2hl2hzxc 1568950 1568947 2026-06-08T14:30:22Z Maryam Saleh Abeid 79870 Muendelezo wa kuhariri makala 1568950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheria za maji''' (katika [[mamlaka]] nyingine, inatajwa kama "sheria za rasilimali ya maji") ni nyanja ya [[sheria]] inayoshughulikia umiliki, udhibiti, na matumizi ya [[maji]] kama [[rasilimali]]. Inahusiana kwa karibu zaidi na sheria ya [[Mali (uchumi)|mali]], na ni tofauti na sheria zinazosimamia [[ubora]] wa maji. == Maji yanayodhibitiwa kisheria == Maji yanapatikana kila mahali na hayaheshimu mipaka ya kisiasa. Sheria za rasilimali za maji zinaweza kutumika kwa sehemu yoyote ya [[angahewa]] ya maji ambapo madai yanaweza kutolewa ili kumiliki au kuhifadhi maji kwa ajili ya kutimiza lengo fulani. Maji hayo yanajumuisha, lakini hayazuiliwi na: * Maji ya juu ya ardhi — maziwa, mito, vijito, bahari, na ardhioevu; * Maji ya mtiririko wa juu — kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka ardhini kutokana na mvua, mafuriko, na theluji inayoyeyuka kabla maji hayo hayajafika kwenye njia za maji, maziwa, ardhioevu, au bahari; * Maji ya chini ya ardhi — hasa maji yaliyopo kwenye vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya [[ardhi]]. == Historia == [[Faili:P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG|thumb|Kanuni za Hammurabi, zikiwa na mojawapo ya sheria za kwanza za kisheria zinazohusiana na rasilimali za maji.]] Historia ya uhusiano wa watu na maji inaonyesha mbinu mbalimbali za usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji. "Lipit Ishtar na Ur Nammu zote zina vifungu kuhusu maji, zinatangulia Kanuni za Hammurabi kwa angalau miaka 250, na waziwazi zinatoa misingi ya kisheria ambayo juu yake Kanuni za [[Hammurabi]] zilijengwa." Kanuni za Hammurabi zilikuwa miongoni mwasheria za kwanza kabisa zilizoandikwa kushughulikia masuala ya maji, na kanuni hizi zilijumuisha usimamizi wa matumizi ya maji. Wakati kanuni hizo zilipoandikwa katika Mesopotamia ya kale, ustaarabu wa maeneo yaliyozunguka ulitegemea mito ya Tigris na Euphrates ili kuishi. Matokeo yake, viongozi walihitaji kutengeneza mifumo tata ya mifereji na umwagiliaji ili kukidhi mahitaji yao ya maji.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kornfeld|first=Itzchak E.|title=Mesopotamia: A History of Water and Law|date=2009|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|work=The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water|pages=21–36|editor-last=Dellapenna|editor-first=Joseph W.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9867-3|access-date=2026-06-07|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=Joyeeta}}</ref> Kanuni hizo zilitengenezwa takriban miaka 3,800 iliyopita na Mfalme Hammurabi wa [[Babeli]]. == Ugumu wa haki za maji == Maji yana utata wa kipekee katika kudhibitiwa, kwa sababu sheria nyingi zimebuniwa hasa kwa ajili ya ardhi. Maji ni rasilimali inayotembea, usambazaji wake hutofautiana kulingana na mwaka, msimu, na eneo, na yanaweza kutumiwa kwa wakati mmoja na watu au taasisi nyingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Water Law Overview – National Agricultural Law Center|url=https://nationalaglawcenter.org/overview/water-law/|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Kama ilivyo katika sheria ya mali, haki za maji zinaweza kuelezewa kama "kifungu cha vijiti" chenye shughuli nyingi zinazoweza kutenganishwa, ambazo zinaweza kuwa na viwango tofauti vya udhibiti. Kwa mfano, matumizi fulani ya maji huyaelekeza kutoka kwenye mkondo wake wa asili lakini hurudisha sehemu kubwa au yote (k.m. mitambo ya [[Umememaji|umeme wa maji]]), wakati matumizi mengine hutumia kiasi kikubwa cha kile wanachokichukua (kama vile utengenezaji wa barafu, [[kilimo]]), na mengine hutumia maji bila kuyachepusha hata kidogo (k.m. usafirishaji kwa [[mashua]]). Kila aina ya shughuli ina mahitaji yake enyewe na kithiolojia inaweza kudhibitiwa kivyake. Kuna aina kadhaa za migogoro inayoweza kujitokeza: uhaba wa jumla; uhaba katika wakati au mahali mahususi, uchepushaji wa maji unaopunguza mtiririko unaopatikana kwa wengine, vichafuzi au mabadiliko mengine (kama vile joto au utando) yanayofanya maji kutofaa kwa matumizi ya wengine, na uhitaji wa kudumisha "mtiririko wa asili" wa maji ili kulinda mfumo wa [[Ekolojia|ikolojia]] wa [[asili]]. Nadharia moja ya historia, iliyotolewa katika kitabu cha Karl August Wittfogel<ref>https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/174130/mod_resource/content/3/Wittfogel_Oriental_Despotism_1957.pdf</ref> kiitwacho ''Oriental Despotism: A Comparative'' ''Study of Total Power''<ref>https://arxiujosepserradell.cat/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ORIENTAL-DESPOTISM-A-COMPARATIVE-STUDY-OF-TOTAL-POWER-by-KARL-AUGUST-WITTFOGEL-z-lib.org_.pdf</ref>'','' inashikilia kuwa himaya nyingi ziliundwa kuzunguka mamlaka kuu iliyodhibiti watu kwa ukiritimba wa usambazaji wa maji. Himaya ya aina hii ya majimaji hutengeneza uwezekano wa [[udikteta]], na hutumika kama onyo katika kubuni kanuni za maji. Sheria ya maji inahusisha utata katika sehemu nyingine za dunia ambapo idadi ya watu inayokua inakabiliwa na ushindani unaoongezeka juu ya rasilimali ndogo ya asili. Migogoro juu ya [[Mto|mito]], [[Maziwa ya Afrika|maziwa]], na vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi huvuka mipaka ya kitaifa. Ingawa sheria ya maji bado inadhibitiwa zaidi na nchi binafsi, kuna seti za kimataifa za sheria zilizopendekezwa kama vile Sheria za Helsinki juu ya Matumizi ya Maji ya Mito ya kimataifa na Tamko la The Hague juu ya Usalama wa Maji katika [[Karne ya 21]]. Masuala ya muda mrefu katika sheria ya maji yanajumuisha athari zinazoweza kutokea za ongezeko la [[joto]] duniani kwenye mifumo ya mvua na uvukizi; upatikanaji na gharama ya teknolojia ya kuondoa chumvi kwenye maji ; udhibiti wa uchafuzi; na ukuaji wa [[ufugaji]] wa viumbe vya majini. == Mifano ya kisheria == Haki ya kisheria ya kutumia vyanzo maalum vya maji inajulikana kama haki ya [[maji]]. Kuna mifano miwili mikuu inayotumiwa kwa haki za maji. Wa kwanza ni haki za riparian, ambapo mmiliki wa ardhi iliyo karibu ana haki ya kutumia maji yaliyo kwenye mkondo ulio karibu nayo. Mfano mwingine mkuu ni ule wa ugawaji wa awali, ambapo chama cha kwanza kutumia vyanzo vya maji kina haki za kwanza juu yake, bila kujali kama mali hiyo iko karibu na chanzo cha maji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Chennat |date=1973 |title=The Doctrine of Prior Appropriation and Its Impact on Water Development: A Critical Survey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3485791 |journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=61–72 |issn=0002-9246}}</ref> Mifumo ya riparian kwa ujumla ni ya kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye maji mengi, wakati mifumo ya ugawaji wa awali ni ya kawaida zaidi katika hali ya hewa kavu. Kwa kuwa sheria ya rasilimali za maji ni tata, maeneo mengi yana mchanganyiko wa mifano hiyo miwili. == Sheria ya maji kwa nchi == === Sheria ya kimataifa === ''Makala kuu: Haki ya maji<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FactSheet35en.pdf</ref>'' Haki ya kutumia maji ili kukidhi mahitaji ya msingi ya binadamu kwa matumizi ya kibinafsi na ya nyumbani imelindwa chini ya sheria za kimataifa za [[Haki za binadamu|haki za]] [[Haki za binadamu|binadamu]]. Inapojumuishwa katika mifumo ya kisheria ya kitaifa, haki hii huunganishwa na haki nyingine za maji ndani ya sheria pana ya maji. Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa katika sheria za kimataifa kupitia aina mbalimbali za nyaraka za kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na mikataba ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu, matamko na viwango vingine. Aidha, Umoja wa Mataifa ulipitisha azimio likisema kuwa nchi wanachama "inatambua haki ya kupata maji safi na salama ya kunywa na usafi wa mazingira kama haki ya binadamu ambayo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kufurahia kikamilifu maisha na haki zote za binadamu."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Document Viewer|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/64/292|work=docs.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji inaziwekea serikali majukumu makuu ya kuhakikisha kuwa watu wanaweza kufurahia "maji ya kutosha, salama, yanayopatikana kwa urahisi, na yanayomudu gharama, bila ubaguzi". Hasa zaidi, serikali zinatarajiwa kuchukua hatua zinazofaa ili kuepuka [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|usambazaji]] [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|wa maji]] yaliyochafuliwa na kuhakikisha kuwa hakuna tofauti katika upatikanaji wa maji miongoni mwa raia. Leo hii, nchi zote zimeridhia angalau mkataba mmoja wa haki za binadamu ambao unatambua haki hiyo kwa uwazi au kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja, na zote zimetia saini angalau tamko moja la kisiasa linalotambua haki hii. === Canada === Chini ya Sheria ya Katiba ya mwaka 1867, amlaka juu ya njia za maji imegawanywa kati ya serikali ya shirikisho na serikali za mikoa. Mamlaka ya shirikisho yanatokana na nguvu za kusimamia usafiri wa majini na meli, uvuvi, na usimamizi wa maeneo ya kaskazini, jambo ambalo limesababisha kupitishwa kwa: * Sheria ya Uvuvi, * Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Usafiri wa Majini, * Sheria ya Kuzuia Uchafuzi wa Maji ya Aktiki, * Sheria ya Bahari. Mamlaka ya mikoa yanatokana na nguvu juu ya [[mali]] na haki za kiraia, masuala ya asili ya ndani na ya kibinafsi, na usimamizi wa ardhi za Serikali. Katika Ontario, [[Quebec]], na mikoa mingine, vitanda vya maji yote yanayopitika vinamilikiwa na Serikali, kinyume na sheria ya Uingereza. Serikali zote za mikoa pia hudhibiti ubora wa maji kupitia sheria za ulinzi wa mazingira na maji ya kunywa, kama vile Sheria ya [[Maji salama|Maji Safi]] katika [[Ontario]]. === Australia === Sheria za maji nchini Australia hutofautiana kulingana na kila jimbo. Katika jimbo la New South Wales, sheria za maji husimamiwa na chombo huru cha udhibiti; ''[[Natural Resources Access Regulator]]''. === Tasmania === ''Tasmanian Water Corporation'' ilimiliki kwa lazima miundombinu yote ya usambazaji wa maji ya kunywa ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa ikisimamiwa na mabaraza ya mitaa. Sera hii haikupendwa na madiwani wote wa mitaa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flora Fox {{!}} Water & Sewer governance, Tasmania|url=https://florafox.tumblr.com/post/3418412236/water-sewer-governance-tasmania|work=florafox.tumblr.com|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref> === Iran === Programu ya saba ya serikali ya Iran mnamo 2023-22 iliagiza kuandaa na kuanzisha ofisi mpya ya mfumo wa utawala wa rasilimali za maji uliounganishwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dolat.ir/detail/395982|work=dolat.ir|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji nchini Marekani === ''Makala kuu'': Sheria ya maji nchini Marekani<ref>https://www.online-pdh.com/pluginfile.php/79891/mod_resource/content/1/Water%20Law%20in%20the%20United%20States%20Rights%2C%20Regulation%2C%20and%20Reform.pdf</ref> Nchini [[Marekani|Marekani,]] kuna mifumo tata ya kisheria ya kugawanya haki za [[maji]] inayotofautiana kulingana na kanda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Olivia N. |date=2009-10 |title=Binational Water Management: Perspectives of Local Texas Officials in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10877/3758 |language=en}}</ref> Mifumo hii tofauti ipo kwa sababu za kihistoria na kijiografia. Sheria ya maji inahusisha safu pana ya mada au kategoria zilizoundwa ili kutoa mfumo wa kutatua migogoro na masuala ya sera yanayohusiana na maji: * Maji ya umma: Ikiwa ni pamoja na maji ya mawimbi na njia za maji zinazopitika kwa meli. * Maji mengine ya juu ya ardhi: Kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka katika ardhi isiyo ya umma kutokana na mvua, maji ya mafuriko, na theluji inayeyuka kabla ya maji hayo kufika kwenye njia za maji za umma. * Maji ya chini ya ardhi: Wakati mwingine huitwa maji ya chini ya ardhi. * Udhibiti wa umma wa maji: Ikiwa ni pamoja na udhibiti wa mafuriko, udhibiti wa mazingira (wa ngazi ya jimbo na shirikisho), udhibiti wa afya ya umma, na udhibiti wa uvuvi. * Mwingiliano wa haki za umma na binafsi katika maji: Hili linahusiana na yote hapo juu, na linatumia vipengele vya sheria ya utwaaji wa mali kwa manufaa ya umma na mamlaka ya kikatiba ya shirikisho ya biashara. * Sheria ya miradi ya maji: Sheria iliyoendelezwa sana kuhusu uundaji, uendeshaji, na ufadhili wa taasisi za umma na zile zinazokaribia kuwa za umma, ambazo huendesha kazi za umma za ndani za udhibiti wa mafuriko, udhibiti wa usafiri wa majini, umwagiliaji, na kuepusha [[uharibifu wa mazingira]]. * Haki za mikataba za Wamarekani Wenyeji Sheria inayosimamia mada hizi inatokana na tabaka zote za kisheria. Baadhi hutokana na kanuni za sheria za kimila ambazo zimejengeka kwa karne nyingi, na ambazo hubadilika kadiri asili ya migogoro inayowasilishwa mahakamani inavyobadilika. Kwa mfano, mbinu ya mahakama katika kushughulikia haki za wamiliki wa ardhi za kugeuza mtiririko wa maji ya juu ya ardhi imebadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa katika karne iliyopita kadiri mitazamo ya umma kuhusu ardhi na maji ilivyobadilika. Baadhi hutokana na sheria za kikanuni za majimbo. Baadhi hutokana na ruzuku za awali za umma za ardhi kwa Majimbo na kutoka katika nyaraka za uanzilishi wake. Baadhi hutokana na udhibiti wa maji wa ngazi ya jimbo, shirikisho, na mitaa kupitia mipango ya matumizi ya ardhi, afya ya umma, na kanuni nyinginezo. Makabila ya Wahindi ambao hayajatambuliwa na shirikisho hayana haki za maji. Majimbo mengi katika eneo la Midwest nchini Marekani, kama vile Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, na Kansas, hutumia mfumo wa sheria wa ''riparian'' linapokuja suala la rasilimali za maji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Login - HeinOnline.org|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/login-hol?redirect_url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/mojo?%252Fmojo=&auth_token=7IXr7fypYoeEs%252BFzphEVqz8Ouf3BIpEdCWas9GV1SeY%253D&casa_token=&paywall_url=&referrer=https%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252F&timestamp=1780926864&url=%252FHOL%252FPage%253Flname%253DGlesner%2526public%253Dfalse%2526collection%253Djournals%2526handle%253Dhein.journals%252Fwlr1966%2526men_hide%253Dfalse%2526men_tab%253Dtoc%2526kind%253D%2526page%253D172|work=heinonline.org|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji nchini Uingereza na Wales === Makampuni binafsi yanalazimika kuchapisha kila mwaka ripoti yenye ukubwa wa kuridhisha inayotoa kiasi kinachofaa cha takwimu zinazoweza kulinganishwa kitaifa kuhusu gharama, mapato, faida, na viwango vya utendaji. Mamlaka huru ya udhibiti wa sekta ya viwanda vya maji huchanganua matokeo ya makampuni binafsi na kuweka kiwango cha [[mapato]] kinachoruhusiwa, ambacho si cha kudumu na kinachotegemea motisha. Ubinafsishaji nchini Uingereza ulichochewa na ukosefu wa uwekezaji wa kihistoria katika sekta inayohitaji rasilimali nyingi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Waste water {{!}} Water UK|url=https://www.water.org.uk/waste-water|work=www.water.org.uk|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji katika Umoja wa Ulaya === Kwa nchi zilizo ndani ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], maelekezo yanayohusiana na maji ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa [[Rasilimali za maji|rasilimali za]] [[Rasilimali za maji|maji]] na viwango vya [[mazingira]] na ubora wa maji. Maelekezo muhimu yanajumuisha Maelekezo ya Maji Taka ya Mijini ya [[1992]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban wastewater - Environment - European Commission|url=https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/urban-wastewater_en|work=environment.ec.europa.eu|date=2026-05-27|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref> (yanayohitaji miji na manispaa nyingi kusafisha maji yao taka kufikia viwango maalum), na Maelekezo ya Mfumo wa Maji 2000/60/EC, ambayo yanahitaji mipango ya [[Rasilimali za maji|rasilimali]] [[Rasilimali za maji|za maji]] kulingana na mabonde ya mito, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushiriki wa umma kwa kuzingatia kanuni za Mkataba wa [[Aarhus]]. Tazama Watertime — muktadha wa kimataifa, Sehemu ya 2. == Tazama pia == * Sheria ya Maji Safi * Sheria ya Maji Safi [[Ontario]] * Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Maji Safi * Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States * Sheria ya mifereji ya maji * Sheria ya Mazingira * Usalama wa chakula * Utumishi wa njia zinazopitika * Haki ya kupata maji * Haki ya maji == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-sheria}} == Kusoma zaidi == == Viungo vya nje == [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:WCZ Culture]] so0sxbwsmhigxv3tf5k2t1ujw0giq5z 1568957 1568950 2026-06-08T16:03:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 8 template(s) replaced. 1568957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheria za maji''' (katika [[mamlaka]] nyingine, inatajwa kama "sheria za rasilimali ya maji") ni nyanja ya [[sheria]] inayoshughulikia umiliki, udhibiti, na matumizi ya [[maji]] kama [[rasilimali]]. Inahusiana kwa karibu zaidi na sheria ya [[Mali (uchumi)|mali]], na ni tofauti na sheria zinazosimamia [[ubora]] wa maji. == Maji yanayodhibitiwa kisheria == Maji yanapatikana kila mahali na hayaheshimu mipaka ya kisiasa. Sheria za rasilimali za maji zinaweza kutumika kwa sehemu yoyote ya [[angahewa]] ya maji ambapo madai yanaweza kutolewa ili kumiliki au kuhifadhi maji kwa ajili ya kutimiza lengo fulani. Maji hayo yanajumuisha, lakini hayazuiliwi na: * Maji ya juu ya ardhi — maziwa, mito, vijito, bahari, na ardhioevu; * Maji ya mtiririko wa juu — kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka ardhini kutokana na mvua, mafuriko, na theluji inayoyeyuka kabla maji hayo hayajafika kwenye njia za maji, maziwa, ardhioevu, au bahari; * Maji ya chini ya ardhi — hasa maji yaliyopo kwenye vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya [[ardhi]]. == Historia == [[Faili:P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG|thumb|Kanuni za Hammurabi, zikiwa na mojawapo ya sheria za kwanza za kisheria zinazohusiana na rasilimali za maji.]] Historia ya uhusiano wa watu na maji inaonyesha mbinu mbalimbali za usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji. "Lipit Ishtar na Ur Nammu zote zina vifungu kuhusu maji, zinatangulia Kanuni za Hammurabi kwa angalau miaka 250, na waziwazi zinatoa misingi ya kisheria ambayo juu yake Kanuni za [[Hammurabi]] zilijengwa." Kanuni za Hammurabi zilikuwa miongoni mwasheria za kwanza kabisa zilizoandikwa kushughulikia masuala ya maji, na kanuni hizi zilijumuisha usimamizi wa matumizi ya maji. Wakati kanuni hizo zilipoandikwa katika Mesopotamia ya kale, ustaarabu wa maeneo yaliyozunguka ulitegemea mito ya Tigris na Euphrates ili kuishi. Matokeo yake, viongozi walihitaji kutengeneza mifumo tata ya mifereji na umwagiliaji ili kukidhi mahitaji yao ya maji.<ref>{{Citation|last=Kornfeld|first=Itzchak E.|title=Mesopotamia: A History of Water and Law|date=2009|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|work=The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water|pages=21–36|editor-last=Dellapenna|editor-first=Joseph W.|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9867-3|access-date=2026-06-07|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=Joyeeta}}</ref> Kanuni hizo zilitengenezwa takriban miaka 3,800 iliyopita na Mfalme Hammurabi wa [[Babeli]]. == Ugumu wa haki za maji == Maji yana utata wa kipekee katika kudhibitiwa, kwa sababu sheria nyingi zimebuniwa hasa kwa ajili ya ardhi. Maji ni rasilimali inayotembea, usambazaji wake hutofautiana kulingana na mwaka, msimu, na eneo, na yanaweza kutumiwa kwa wakati mmoja na watu au taasisi nyingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Water Law Overview – National Agricultural Law Center|url=https://nationalaglawcenter.org/overview/water-law/|accessdate=2026-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Kama ilivyo katika sheria ya mali, haki za maji zinaweza kuelezewa kama "kifungu cha vijiti" chenye shughuli nyingi zinazoweza kutenganishwa, ambazo zinaweza kuwa na viwango tofauti vya udhibiti. Kwa mfano, matumizi fulani ya maji huyaelekeza kutoka kwenye mkondo wake wa asili lakini hurudisha sehemu kubwa au yote (k.m. mitambo ya [[Umememaji|umeme wa maji]]), wakati matumizi mengine hutumia kiasi kikubwa cha kile wanachokichukua (kama vile utengenezaji wa barafu, [[kilimo]]), na mengine hutumia maji bila kuyachepusha hata kidogo (k.m. usafirishaji kwa [[mashua]]). Kila aina ya shughuli ina mahitaji yake enyewe na kithiolojia inaweza kudhibitiwa kivyake. Kuna aina kadhaa za migogoro inayoweza kujitokeza: uhaba wa jumla; uhaba katika wakati au mahali mahususi, uchepushaji wa maji unaopunguza mtiririko unaopatikana kwa wengine, vichafuzi au mabadiliko mengine (kama vile joto au utando) yanayofanya maji kutofaa kwa matumizi ya wengine, na uhitaji wa kudumisha "mtiririko wa asili" wa maji ili kulinda mfumo wa [[Ekolojia|ikolojia]] wa [[asili]]. Nadharia moja ya historia, iliyotolewa katika kitabu cha Karl August Wittfogel<ref>https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/174130/mod_resource/content/3/Wittfogel_Oriental_Despotism_1957.pdf</ref> kiitwacho ''Oriental Despotism: A Comparative'' ''Study of Total Power''<ref>https://arxiujosepserradell.cat/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/ORIENTAL-DESPOTISM-A-COMPARATIVE-STUDY-OF-TOTAL-POWER-by-KARL-AUGUST-WITTFOGEL-z-lib.org_.pdf</ref>'','' inashikilia kuwa himaya nyingi ziliundwa kuzunguka mamlaka kuu iliyodhibiti watu kwa ukiritimba wa usambazaji wa maji. Himaya ya aina hii ya majimaji hutengeneza uwezekano wa [[udikteta]], na hutumika kama onyo katika kubuni kanuni za maji. Sheria ya maji inahusisha utata katika sehemu nyingine za dunia ambapo idadi ya watu inayokua inakabiliwa na ushindani unaoongezeka juu ya rasilimali ndogo ya asili. Migogoro juu ya [[Mto|mito]], [[Maziwa ya Afrika|maziwa]], na vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi huvuka mipaka ya kitaifa. Ingawa sheria ya maji bado inadhibitiwa zaidi na nchi binafsi, kuna seti za kimataifa za sheria zilizopendekezwa kama vile Sheria za Helsinki juu ya Matumizi ya Maji ya Mito ya kimataifa na Tamko la The Hague juu ya Usalama wa Maji katika [[Karne ya 21]]. Masuala ya muda mrefu katika sheria ya maji yanajumuisha athari zinazoweza kutokea za ongezeko la [[joto]] duniani kwenye mifumo ya mvua na uvukizi; upatikanaji na gharama ya teknolojia ya kuondoa chumvi kwenye maji ; udhibiti wa uchafuzi; na ukuaji wa [[ufugaji]] wa viumbe vya majini. == Mifano ya kisheria == Haki ya kisheria ya kutumia vyanzo maalum vya maji inajulikana kama haki ya [[maji]]. Kuna mifano miwili mikuu inayotumiwa kwa haki za maji. Wa kwanza ni haki za riparian, ambapo mmiliki wa ardhi iliyo karibu ana haki ya kutumia maji yaliyo kwenye mkondo ulio karibu nayo. Mfano mwingine mkuu ni ule wa ugawaji wa awali, ambapo chama cha kwanza kutumia vyanzo vya maji kina haki za kwanza juu yake, bila kujali kama mali hiyo iko karibu na chanzo cha maji.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Chennat |date=1973 |title=The Doctrine of Prior Appropriation and Its Impact on Water Development: A Critical Survey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3485791 |journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=61–72 |issn=0002-9246}}</ref> Mifumo ya riparian kwa ujumla ni ya kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye maji mengi, wakati mifumo ya ugawaji wa awali ni ya kawaida zaidi katika hali ya hewa kavu. Kwa kuwa sheria ya rasilimali za maji ni tata, maeneo mengi yana mchanganyiko wa mifano hiyo miwili. == Sheria ya maji kwa nchi == === Sheria ya kimataifa === ''Makala kuu: Haki ya maji<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/FactSheet35en.pdf</ref>'' Haki ya kutumia maji ili kukidhi mahitaji ya msingi ya binadamu kwa matumizi ya kibinafsi na ya nyumbani imelindwa chini ya sheria za kimataifa za [[Haki za binadamu|haki za]] [[Haki za binadamu|binadamu]]. Inapojumuishwa katika mifumo ya kisheria ya kitaifa, haki hii huunganishwa na haki nyingine za maji ndani ya sheria pana ya maji. Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa binadamu ya kupata maji imetambuliwa katika sheria za kimataifa kupitia aina mbalimbali za nyaraka za kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na mikataba ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu, matamko na viwango vingine. Aidha, Umoja wa Mataifa ulipitisha azimio likisema kuwa nchi wanachama "inatambua haki ya kupata maji safi na salama ya kunywa na usafi wa mazingira kama haki ya binadamu ambayo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kufurahia kikamilifu maisha na haki zote za binadamu."<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Document Viewer|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/64/292|work=docs.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> Haki ya binadamu ya kupata maji inaziwekea serikali majukumu makuu ya kuhakikisha kuwa watu wanaweza kufurahia "maji ya kutosha, salama, yanayopatikana kwa urahisi, na yanayomudu gharama, bila ubaguzi". Hasa zaidi, serikali zinatarajiwa kuchukua hatua zinazofaa ili kuepuka [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|usambazaji]] [[Usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira nchini Kenya|wa maji]] yaliyochafuliwa na kuhakikisha kuwa hakuna tofauti katika upatikanaji wa maji miongoni mwa raia. Leo hii, nchi zote zimeridhia angalau mkataba mmoja wa haki za binadamu ambao unatambua haki hiyo kwa uwazi au kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja, na zote zimetia saini angalau tamko moja la kisiasa linalotambua haki hii. === Canada === Chini ya Sheria ya Katiba ya mwaka 1867, amlaka juu ya njia za maji imegawanywa kati ya serikali ya shirikisho na serikali za mikoa. Mamlaka ya shirikisho yanatokana na nguvu za kusimamia usafiri wa majini na meli, uvuvi, na usimamizi wa maeneo ya kaskazini, jambo ambalo limesababisha kupitishwa kwa: * Sheria ya Uvuvi, * Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Usafiri wa Majini, * Sheria ya Kuzuia Uchafuzi wa Maji ya Aktiki, * Sheria ya Bahari. Mamlaka ya mikoa yanatokana na nguvu juu ya [[mali]] na haki za kiraia, masuala ya asili ya ndani na ya kibinafsi, na usimamizi wa ardhi za Serikali. Katika Ontario, [[Quebec]], na mikoa mingine, vitanda vya maji yote yanayopitika vinamilikiwa na Serikali, kinyume na sheria ya Uingereza. Serikali zote za mikoa pia hudhibiti ubora wa maji kupitia sheria za ulinzi wa mazingira na maji ya kunywa, kama vile Sheria ya [[Maji salama|Maji Safi]] katika [[Ontario]]. === Australia === Sheria za maji nchini Australia hutofautiana kulingana na kila jimbo. Katika jimbo la New South Wales, sheria za maji husimamiwa na chombo huru cha udhibiti; ''[[Natural Resources Access Regulator]]''. === Tasmania === ''Tasmanian Water Corporation'' ilimiliki kwa lazima miundombinu yote ya usambazaji wa maji ya kunywa ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa ikisimamiwa na mabaraza ya mitaa. Sera hii haikupendwa na madiwani wote wa mitaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Flora Fox {{!}} Water & Sewer governance, Tasmania|url=https://florafox.tumblr.com/post/3418412236/water-sewer-governance-tasmania|work=florafox.tumblr.com|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref> === Iran === Programu ya saba ya serikali ya Iran mnamo 2023-22 iliagiza kuandaa na kuanzisha ofisi mpya ya mfumo wa utawala wa rasilimali za maji uliounganishwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://dolat.ir/detail/395982|work=dolat.ir|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji nchini Marekani === ''Makala kuu'': Sheria ya maji nchini Marekani<ref>https://www.online-pdh.com/pluginfile.php/79891/mod_resource/content/1/Water%20Law%20in%20the%20United%20States%20Rights%2C%20Regulation%2C%20and%20Reform.pdf</ref> Nchini [[Marekani|Marekani,]] kuna mifumo tata ya kisheria ya kugawanya haki za [[maji]] inayotofautiana kulingana na kanda.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Thompson |first=Olivia N. |date=2009-10 |title=Binational Water Management: Perspectives of Local Texas Officials in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10877/3758 |language=en}}</ref> Mifumo hii tofauti ipo kwa sababu za kihistoria na kijiografia. Sheria ya maji inahusisha safu pana ya mada au kategoria zilizoundwa ili kutoa mfumo wa kutatua migogoro na masuala ya sera yanayohusiana na maji: * Maji ya umma: Ikiwa ni pamoja na maji ya mawimbi na njia za maji zinazopitika kwa meli. * Maji mengine ya juu ya ardhi: Kwa ujumla maji yanayotiririka katika ardhi isiyo ya umma kutokana na mvua, maji ya mafuriko, na theluji inayeyuka kabla ya maji hayo kufika kwenye njia za maji za umma. * Maji ya chini ya ardhi: Wakati mwingine huitwa maji ya chini ya ardhi. * Udhibiti wa umma wa maji: Ikiwa ni pamoja na udhibiti wa mafuriko, udhibiti wa mazingira (wa ngazi ya jimbo na shirikisho), udhibiti wa afya ya umma, na udhibiti wa uvuvi. * Mwingiliano wa haki za umma na binafsi katika maji: Hili linahusiana na yote hapo juu, na linatumia vipengele vya sheria ya utwaaji wa mali kwa manufaa ya umma na mamlaka ya kikatiba ya shirikisho ya biashara. * Sheria ya miradi ya maji: Sheria iliyoendelezwa sana kuhusu uundaji, uendeshaji, na ufadhili wa taasisi za umma na zile zinazokaribia kuwa za umma, ambazo huendesha kazi za umma za ndani za udhibiti wa mafuriko, udhibiti wa usafiri wa majini, umwagiliaji, na kuepusha [[uharibifu wa mazingira]]. * Haki za mikataba za Wamarekani Wenyeji Sheria inayosimamia mada hizi inatokana na tabaka zote za kisheria. Baadhi hutokana na kanuni za sheria za kimila ambazo zimejengeka kwa karne nyingi, na ambazo hubadilika kadiri asili ya migogoro inayowasilishwa mahakamani inavyobadilika. Kwa mfano, mbinu ya mahakama katika kushughulikia haki za wamiliki wa ardhi za kugeuza mtiririko wa maji ya juu ya ardhi imebadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa katika karne iliyopita kadiri mitazamo ya umma kuhusu ardhi na maji ilivyobadilika. Baadhi hutokana na sheria za kikanuni za majimbo. Baadhi hutokana na ruzuku za awali za umma za ardhi kwa Majimbo na kutoka katika nyaraka za uanzilishi wake. Baadhi hutokana na udhibiti wa maji wa ngazi ya jimbo, shirikisho, na mitaa kupitia mipango ya matumizi ya ardhi, afya ya umma, na kanuni nyinginezo. Makabila ya Wahindi ambao hayajatambuliwa na shirikisho hayana haki za maji. Majimbo mengi katika eneo la Midwest nchini Marekani, kama vile Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, na Kansas, hutumia mfumo wa sheria wa ''riparian'' linapokuja suala la rasilimali za maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Login - HeinOnline.org|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/login-hol?redirect_url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/mojo?%252Fmojo=&auth_token=7IXr7fypYoeEs%252BFzphEVqz8Ouf3BIpEdCWas9GV1SeY%253D&casa_token=&paywall_url=&referrer=https%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252F&timestamp=1780926864&url=%252FHOL%252FPage%253Flname%253DGlesner%2526public%253Dfalse%2526collection%253Djournals%2526handle%253Dhein.journals%252Fwlr1966%2526men_hide%253Dfalse%2526men_tab%253Dtoc%2526kind%253D%2526page%253D172|work=heinonline.org|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji nchini Uingereza na Wales === Makampuni binafsi yanalazimika kuchapisha kila mwaka ripoti yenye ukubwa wa kuridhisha inayotoa kiasi kinachofaa cha takwimu zinazoweza kulinganishwa kitaifa kuhusu gharama, mapato, faida, na viwango vya utendaji. Mamlaka huru ya udhibiti wa sekta ya viwanda vya maji huchanganua matokeo ya makampuni binafsi na kuweka kiwango cha [[mapato]] kinachoruhusiwa, ambacho si cha kudumu na kinachotegemea motisha. Ubinafsishaji nchini Uingereza ulichochewa na ukosefu wa uwekezaji wa kihistoria katika sekta inayohitaji rasilimali nyingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Waste water {{!}} Water UK|url=https://www.water.org.uk/waste-water|work=www.water.org.uk|accessdate=2026-06-08}}</ref> === Sheria ya maji katika Umoja wa Ulaya === Kwa nchi zilizo ndani ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], maelekezo yanayohusiana na maji ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa [[Rasilimali za maji|rasilimali za]] [[Rasilimali za maji|maji]] na viwango vya [[mazingira]] na ubora wa maji. Maelekezo muhimu yanajumuisha Maelekezo ya Maji Taka ya Mijini ya [[1992]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Urban wastewater - Environment - European Commission|url=https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/urban-wastewater_en|work=environment.ec.europa.eu|date=2026-05-27|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref> (yanayohitaji miji na manispaa nyingi kusafisha maji yao taka kufikia viwango maalum), na Maelekezo ya Mfumo wa Maji 2000/60/EC, ambayo yanahitaji mipango ya [[Rasilimali za maji|rasilimali]] [[Rasilimali za maji|za maji]] kulingana na mabonde ya mito, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushiriki wa umma kwa kuzingatia kanuni za Mkataba wa [[Aarhus]]. Tazama Watertime — muktadha wa kimataifa, Sehemu ya 2. == Tazama pia == * Sheria ya Maji Safi * Sheria ya Maji Safi [[Ontario]] * Sheria ya Ulinzi wa Maji Safi * Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States * Sheria ya mifereji ya maji * Sheria ya Mazingira * Usalama wa chakula * Utumishi wa njia zinazopitika * Haki ya kupata maji * Haki ya maji == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-sheria}} == Kusoma zaidi == == Viungo vya nje == [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:WCZ Culture]] 1q5c3gh0svnmp9dl747ihch9s9z112y 0 240533 1568944 2026-06-08T13:10:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Makala za msingi - orodha ya meta Feb 2008]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]]: usahihi wa jina 1568944 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]] ez6xne8w8bf38ao204omdsess2o1pdc 1 240534 1568946 2026-06-08T13:10:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Makala za msingi - orodha ya meta Feb 2008]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]]: usahihi wa jina 1568946 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Makala za msingi - orodha ya Feb 2008]] fykbbdgu08v9y0ty892xwquinuucyzw 0 240535 1568948 2026-06-08T13:28:23Z AlwiyaGhareeb 83622 AWC 2026 1568948 wikitext text/x-wiki == Maji ya Ardhini == [[Faili:Sitting Bull Falls P1013348 mod.jpg|thumb]] Maji ya ardhini ni yale maji yanayopatikana chini ya ardhi kwenye nyufa za miamba na udongo baada ya mvua kuzama chini. Sisi hapa nyumbani tunayapata maji haya kwa kuchimba visima vya mkono au vya pampu. Kulingana na mtandao wa [https://www.usgs.gov USGS], maji haya ndio chanzo kikubwa cha maji safi ya kunywa duniani.<ref>https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/what-groundwater</ref> === Mambo Yanayopelekea Maji ya Ardhini Kuchafuka === Ingawa maji haya yapo chini ya ardhi, yanaweza kuchafuliwa kirahisi sana na mambo yanayofanyika juu ya ardhi. Shida kubwa ni kwamba, maji ya ardhini yakishachafuliwa, inachukua miaka mingi sana kusafirika kiasili. Mambo hayo ni;<ref>https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/groundwater</ref> * Kusogezwa kwa Vyoo Karibu na Visima: Watu wengi wanajenga vyoo vya mashimo karibu mno na maeneo ya visima. Mvua zikinyesha, yale maji machafu ya chooni yanapenya chini ya udongo na kuingia kwenye vyanzo vya maji safi, jambo linaloleta magonjwa kama [https://www.who.int kipindupindu]. * Dawa za Viuadudu na Mbolea za Chumvi: Wakulima wanapotumia dawa kali za kuua wadudu na mbolea za viwandani kwa wingi, kemikali zile hazishii kwenye mimea tu; zinamwagika kwenye udongo na kuchujwa hadi kufikia maji ya chini.[https://www.fao.org] === Jinsi ya Kulinda na Kutunza Maji ya Ardhini === Ili tusije tukakosa maji safi ya kunywa hapo mbeleni, kuna mambo ya lazima tunayotakiwa kuyafanya:<ref>https://www.unep.org/topics/water/groundwater</ref> * Kupunguza Matumizi ya Plastiki na Kemikali: Jamii inatakiwa ijifunze kutupa takataka ngumu kwenye maeneo maalum badala ya kuzichimbia ovyo ardhini, na wakulima watumie mbolea za asili (kama samadi) ambazo hazina sumu kwa maji ya chini. [https://www.unep.org] * Kuweka Nafasi Kati ya Kisima na Choo: Kitaalamu, kisima kinatakiwa kichimbwe mbali kabisa na eneo la choo (angalau mita 30 au zaidi) ili kuzuia maji machafu ya chooni yasivuje na kuingia kwenye maji ya kunywa.[https://www.who.int] k9vkv5u9wi0t1ihrhzebt9kgtah3f46 1568951 1568948 2026-06-08T14:38:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sitting Bull Falls P1013348 mod.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Sitting Bull.]] '''Maji ya ardhini''' ni yale maji yanayopatikana chini ya ardhi kwenye nyufa za miamba na udongo baada ya mvua kuzama chini. Sisi hapa nyumbani tunayapata maji haya kwa kuchimba visima vya mkono au vya pampu. Kulingana na mtandao wa [https://www.usgs.gov USGS], maji haya ndio chanzo kikubwa cha maji safi ya kunywa duniani.<ref>https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/what-groundwater</ref> === Mambo Yanayopelekea Maji ya Ardhini Kuchafuka === Ingawa maji haya yapo chini ya ardhi, yanaweza kuchafuliwa kirahisi sana na mambo yanayofanyika juu ya ardhi. Shida kubwa ni kwamba, maji ya ardhini yakishachafuliwa, inachukua miaka mingi sana kusafirika kiasili. Mambo hayo ni;<ref>https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/groundwater</ref> * Kusogezwa kwa Vyoo Karibu na Visima: Watu wengi wanajenga vyoo vya mashimo karibu mno na maeneo ya visima. Mvua zikinyesha, yale maji machafu ya chooni yanapenya chini ya udongo na kuingia kwenye vyanzo vya maji safi, jambo linaloleta magonjwa kama [https://www.who.int kipindupindu]. * Dawa za Viuadudu na Mbolea za Chumvi: Wakulima wanapotumia dawa kali za kuua wadudu na mbolea za viwandani kwa wingi, kemikali zile hazishii kwenye mimea tu; zinamwagika kwenye udongo na kuchujwa hadi kufikia maji ya chini.[https://www.fao.org] === Jinsi ya Kulinda na Kutunza Maji ya Ardhini === Ili tusije tukakosa maji safi ya kunywa hapo mbeleni, kuna mambo ya lazima tunayotakiwa kuyafanya:<ref>https://www.unep.org/topics/water/groundwater</ref> * Kupunguza Matumizi ya Plastiki na Kemikali: Jamii inatakiwa ijifunze kutupa takataka ngumu kwenye maeneo maalum badala ya kuzichimbia ovyo ardhini, na wakulima watumie mbolea za asili (kama samadi) ambazo hazina sumu kwa maji ya chini. [https://www.unep.org] * Kuweka Nafasi Kati ya Kisima na Choo: Kitaalamu, kisima kinatakiwa kichimbwe mbali kabisa na eneo la choo (angalau mita 30 au zaidi) ili kuzuia maji machafu ya chooni yasivuje na kuingia kwenye maji ya kunywa.[https://www.who.int] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:maji]] 2s6a1klklfxmv95ctb6wqh0n1l092tz 1568952 1568951 2026-06-08T14:39:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sitting Bull Falls P1013348 mod.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Sitting Bull.]] '''Maji ya ardhini''' ni yale maji yanayopatikana chini ya ardhi kwenye nyufa za miamba na udongo baada ya mvua kuzama chini. Sisi hapa nyumbani tunayapata maji haya kwa kuchimba visima vya mkono au vya pampu. Kulingana na mtandao wa [https://www.usgs.gov USGS], maji haya ndio chanzo kikubwa cha maji safi ya kunywa duniani.<ref>https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/what-groundwater</ref> == Mambo Yanayopelekea Maji ya Ardhini Kuchafuka == Ingawa maji haya yapo chini ya ardhi, yanaweza kuchafuliwa kirahisi sana na mambo yanayofanyika juu ya ardhi. Shida kubwa ni kwamba, maji ya ardhini yakishachafuliwa, inachukua miaka mingi sana kusafirika kiasili. Mambo hayo ni;<ref>https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/groundwater</ref> * Kusogezwa kwa Vyoo Karibu na Visima: Watu wengi wanajenga vyoo vya mashimo karibu mno na maeneo ya visima. Mvua zikinyesha, yale maji machafu ya chooni yanapenya chini ya udongo na kuingia kwenye vyanzo vya maji safi, jambo linaloleta magonjwa kama [https://www.who.int kipindupindu]. * Dawa za Viuadudu na Mbolea za Chumvi: Wakulima wanapotumia dawa kali za kuua wadudu na mbolea za viwandani kwa wingi, kemikali zile hazishii kwenye mimea tu; zinamwagika kwenye udongo na kuchujwa hadi kufikia maji ya chini.[https://www.fao.org] == Jinsi ya Kulinda na Kutunza Maji ya Ardhini == Ili tusije tukakosa maji safi ya kunywa hapo mbeleni, kuna mambo ya lazima tunayotakiwa kuyafanya:<ref>https://www.unep.org/topics/water/groundwater</ref> * Kupunguza Matumizi ya Plastiki na Kemikali: Jamii inatakiwa ijifunze kutupa takataka ngumu kwenye maeneo maalum badala ya kuzichimbia ovyo ardhini, na wakulima watumie mbolea za asili (kama samadi) ambazo hazina sumu kwa maji ya chini. [https://www.unep.org] * Kuweka Nafasi Kati ya Kisima na Choo: Kitaalamu, kisima kinatakiwa kichimbwe mbali kabisa na eneo la choo (angalau mita 30 au zaidi) ili kuzuia maji machafu ya chooni yasivuje na kuingia kwenye maji ya kunywa.[https://www.who.int] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:maji]] nqutvoeu5nd5nhec79yrqf8st2xsvng 0 240536 1568954 2026-06-08T15:55:23Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha Makala 1568954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ufuo''' au '''ufuko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Beach''; wingi: '''fukwe''') ni eneo la kijiografia kando ya [[mto]], [[ziwa]], au [[bahari]] ambalo limeundwa na chembechembe zilizo huru. Mara nyingi chembechembe hizo huwa na asili ya [[mchanga]], kokoto, mawe madogo, au hata maganda ya konokono. Maeneo haya yanatengenezwa na nguvu ya [[wimbi|mawimbi]] au mikondo ya maji ambayo inasomba na kurundika vifaa hivi vya asili ukingoni mwa vyanzo vya maji. Muundo na muonekano wa fukwe hutofautiana sana duniani kote, kuanzia fukwe za mchanga mweupe laini hadi zile za mawe makubwa na yenye ncha kali, kutegemeana na asili ya miamba ya eneo husika na nguvu ya mawimbi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disappearing beaches: Climate change could wipe out half of the world's sandy shorelines|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/disappearing-beaches-climate-change-could-wipe-out-half-world-s-n1150841|work=NBC News|date=2020-03-05|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref>. == Kazi ya Kijiografia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe hufanya kazi kama kinga ya asili ya pwani dhidi ya nguvu ya mawimbi makali na [[mmomonyoko wa ardhi]]. Mawimbi yanapogonga fukwe, nishati yake hupunguzwa na kutawanywa, jambo linalolinda ardhi ya ndani isimemezewe na maji. Kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini, fukwe nyingi duniani zipo hatarini kutoweka kutokana na mmomonyoko wa kasi. Uhifadhi wa mimea ya pwani, kama vile miamba ya [[matumbawe]] na misitu ya [[mikoko]], ni muhimu sana katika kulinda ustawi na uimara wa fukwe hizi. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Fukwe ni maeneo muhimu sana kwa ustawi wa binadamu na viumbe hai wengine. Kwa upande wa [[ikolojia]], fukwe ni makazi na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa viumbe wengi wa baharini na pwani, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kobe wa baharini]] ambao hutumia fukwe za mchanga kutaga mayai yao. Kwa upande wa uchumi, fukwe ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] ambavyo huingizia mataifa mapato mengi na kutoa ajira kwa jamii za pwani kupitia biashara za hoteli, michezo ya majini, na burudani. Pamoja na faida hizo, fukwe nyingi zinakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za [[uharibifu wa mazingira]], zikiwemo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaotokana na taka za [[plastiki]] na ukosefu wa mifumo thabiti ya usafi wa mazingira na majitaka kutoka kwenye miji ya pwani<ref>{{Citation|title=World's Longest Continuous Peninsula Beach, world record in Long Beach, Washington|url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.org/2024/6/worlds-longest-continuous-peninsula-beach-world-record-in-long-beach-washington-424281|language=en|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uharibifu wa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] tmyplwgr01wov6jh7jb8tkp79l63zn8 1568955 1568954 2026-06-08T15:58:01Z Laylah26 89982 1568955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Beach at Fort Lauderdale.jpg|thumb|Fukwe, [[Florida]]]] '''Ufuo''' au '''ufuko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Beach''; wingi: '''fukwe''') ni eneo la kijiografia kando ya [[mto]], [[ziwa]], au [[bahari]] ambalo limeundwa na chembechembe zilizo huru. Mara nyingi chembechembe hizo huwa na asili ya [[mchanga]], kokoto, mawe madogo, au hata maganda ya konokono. Maeneo haya yanatengenezwa na nguvu ya [[wimbi|mawimbi]] au mikondo ya maji ambayo inasomba na kurundika vifaa hivi vya asili ukingoni mwa vyanzo vya maji. Muundo na muonekano wa fukwe hutofautiana sana duniani kote, kuanzia fukwe za mchanga mweupe laini hadi zile za mawe makubwa na yenye ncha kali, kutegemeana na asili ya miamba ya eneo husika na nguvu ya mawimbi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disappearing beaches: Climate change could wipe out half of the world's sandy shorelines|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/disappearing-beaches-climate-change-could-wipe-out-half-world-s-n1150841|work=NBC News|date=2020-03-05|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref>. == Kazi ya Kijiografia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe hufanya kazi kama kinga ya asili ya pwani dhidi ya nguvu ya mawimbi makali na [[mmomonyoko wa ardhi]]. Mawimbi yanapogonga fukwe, nishati yake hupunguzwa na kutawanywa, jambo linalolinda ardhi ya ndani isimemezewe na maji. Kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini, fukwe nyingi duniani zipo hatarini kutoweka kutokana na mmomonyoko wa kasi. Uhifadhi wa mimea ya pwani, kama vile miamba ya [[matumbawe]] na misitu ya [[mikoko]], ni muhimu sana katika kulinda ustawi na uimara wa fukwe hizi. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Fukwe ni maeneo muhimu sana kwa ustawi wa binadamu na viumbe hai wengine. Kwa upande wa [[ikolojia]], fukwe ni makazi na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa viumbe wengi wa baharini na pwani, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kobe wa baharini]] ambao hutumia fukwe za mchanga kutaga mayai yao. Kwa upande wa uchumi, fukwe ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] ambavyo huingizia mataifa mapato mengi na kutoa ajira kwa jamii za pwani kupitia biashara za hoteli, michezo ya majini, na burudani. Pamoja na faida hizo, fukwe nyingi zinakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za [[uharibifu wa mazingira]], zikiwemo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaotokana na taka za [[plastiki]] na ukosefu wa mifumo thabiti ya usafi wa mazingira na majitaka kutoka kwenye miji ya pwani<ref>{{Citation|title=World's Longest Continuous Peninsula Beach, world record in Long Beach, Washington|url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.org/2024/6/worlds-longest-continuous-peninsula-beach-world-record-in-long-beach-washington-424281|language=en|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uharibifu wa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] sa52l0m9gylspkoyml9u8os0ke5rdrp 1568964 1568955 2026-06-08T16:32:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1568964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Beach at Fort Lauderdale.jpg|thumb|Fukwe, [[Florida]]]] '''Ufuo''' au '''ufuko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Beach''; wingi: '''fukwe''') ni eneo la kijiografia kando ya [[mto]], [[ziwa]], au [[bahari]] ambalo limeundwa na chembechembe zilizo huru. Mara nyingi chembechembe hizo huwa na asili ya [[mchanga]], kokoto, mawe madogo, au hata maganda ya konokono. Maeneo haya yanatengenezwa na nguvu ya [[wimbi|mawimbi]] au mikondo ya maji ambayo inasomba na kurundika vifaa hivi vya asili ukingoni mwa vyanzo vya maji. Muundo na muonekano wa fukwe hutofautiana sana duniani kote, kuanzia fukwe za mchanga mweupe laini hadi zile za mawe makubwa na yenye ncha kali, kutegemeana na asili ya miamba ya eneo husika na nguvu ya mawimbi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Disappearing beaches: Climate change could wipe out half of the world's sandy shorelines|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/disappearing-beaches-climate-change-could-wipe-out-half-world-s-n1150841|work=NBC News|date=2020-03-05|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref>. == Kazi ya Kijiografia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe hufanya kazi kama kinga ya asili ya pwani dhidi ya nguvu ya mawimbi makali na [[mmomonyoko wa ardhi]]. Mawimbi yanapogonga fukwe, nishati yake hupunguzwa na kutawanywa, jambo linalolinda ardhi ya ndani isimemezewe na maji. Kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini, fukwe nyingi duniani zipo hatarini kutoweka kutokana na mmomonyoko wa kasi. Uhifadhi wa mimea ya pwani, kama vile miamba ya [[matumbawe]] na misitu ya [[mikoko]], ni muhimu sana katika kulinda ustawi na uimara wa fukwe hizi. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Fukwe ni maeneo muhimu sana kwa ustawi wa binadamu na viumbe hai wengine. Kwa upande wa [[ikolojia]], fukwe ni makazi na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa viumbe wengi wa baharini na pwani, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kobe wa baharini]] ambao hutumia fukwe za mchanga kutaga mayai yao. Kwa upande wa uchumi, fukwe ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] ambavyo huingizia mataifa mapato mengi na kutoa ajira kwa jamii za pwani kupitia biashara za hoteli, michezo ya majini, na burudani. Pamoja na faida hizo, fukwe nyingi zinakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za [[uharibifu wa mazingira]], zikiwemo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaotokana na taka za [[plastiki]] na ukosefu wa mifumo thabiti ya usafi wa mazingira na majitaka kutoka kwenye miji ya pwani<ref>{{Citation|title=World's Longest Continuous Peninsula Beach, world record in Long Beach, Washington|url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.org/2024/6/worlds-longest-continuous-peninsula-beach-world-record-in-long-beach-washington-424281|language=en|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uharibifu wa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] lc3y3gfn5uy28odg3b6n45810hei4lw 1568995 1568964 2026-06-09T07:27:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Fukwe]] hadi [[Ufukwe]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1568964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Beach at Fort Lauderdale.jpg|thumb|Fukwe, [[Florida]]]] '''Ufuo''' au '''ufuko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Beach''; wingi: '''fukwe''') ni eneo la kijiografia kando ya [[mto]], [[ziwa]], au [[bahari]] ambalo limeundwa na chembechembe zilizo huru. Mara nyingi chembechembe hizo huwa na asili ya [[mchanga]], kokoto, mawe madogo, au hata maganda ya konokono. Maeneo haya yanatengenezwa na nguvu ya [[wimbi|mawimbi]] au mikondo ya maji ambayo inasomba na kurundika vifaa hivi vya asili ukingoni mwa vyanzo vya maji. Muundo na muonekano wa fukwe hutofautiana sana duniani kote, kuanzia fukwe za mchanga mweupe laini hadi zile za mawe makubwa na yenye ncha kali, kutegemeana na asili ya miamba ya eneo husika na nguvu ya mawimbi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Disappearing beaches: Climate change could wipe out half of the world's sandy shorelines|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/disappearing-beaches-climate-change-could-wipe-out-half-world-s-n1150841|work=NBC News|date=2020-03-05|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref>. == Kazi ya Kijiografia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe hufanya kazi kama kinga ya asili ya pwani dhidi ya nguvu ya mawimbi makali na [[mmomonyoko wa ardhi]]. Mawimbi yanapogonga fukwe, nishati yake hupunguzwa na kutawanywa, jambo linalolinda ardhi ya ndani isimemezewe na maji. Kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini, fukwe nyingi duniani zipo hatarini kutoweka kutokana na mmomonyoko wa kasi. Uhifadhi wa mimea ya pwani, kama vile miamba ya [[matumbawe]] na misitu ya [[mikoko]], ni muhimu sana katika kulinda ustawi na uimara wa fukwe hizi. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Fukwe ni maeneo muhimu sana kwa ustawi wa binadamu na viumbe hai wengine. Kwa upande wa [[ikolojia]], fukwe ni makazi na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa viumbe wengi wa baharini na pwani, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kobe wa baharini]] ambao hutumia fukwe za mchanga kutaga mayai yao. Kwa upande wa uchumi, fukwe ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] ambavyo huingizia mataifa mapato mengi na kutoa ajira kwa jamii za pwani kupitia biashara za hoteli, michezo ya majini, na burudani. Pamoja na faida hizo, fukwe nyingi zinakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za [[uharibifu wa mazingira]], zikiwemo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaotokana na taka za [[plastiki]] na ukosefu wa mifumo thabiti ya usafi wa mazingira na majitaka kutoka kwenye miji ya pwani<ref>{{Citation|title=World's Longest Continuous Peninsula Beach, world record in Long Beach, Washington|url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.org/2024/6/worlds-longest-continuous-peninsula-beach-world-record-in-long-beach-washington-424281|language=en|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uharibifu wa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] lc3y3gfn5uy28odg3b6n45810hei4lw 1568997 1568995 2026-06-09T07:30:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1568997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Beach at Fort Lauderdale.jpg|thumb|Ukukwe huko [[Florida]].]] '''Ufukwe''' (pia: '''Ufuo''' au '''ufuko'''; wingi: '''fukwe'''; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Beach'') ni eneo la kijiografia kando ya [[mto]], [[ziwa]], au [[bahari]] ambalo limeundwa na chembechembe zilizo huru. Mara nyingi chembechembe hizo huwa na asili ya [[mchanga]], [[kokoto]], [[Jiwe|mawe]] madogo, au hata [[ganda|maganda]] ya [[konokono]]. Maeneo hayo yanatengenezwa na nguvu ya [[wimbi|mawimbi]] au mikondo ya [[maji]] ambayo inasomba na kurundika vifaa hivyo vya asili ukingoni mwa vyanzo vya maji. Muundo na muonekano wa fukwe hutofautiana sana duniani kote, kuanzia fukwe za mchanga mweupe laini hadi zile za mawe makubwa na yenye ncha kali, kutegemeana na asili ya miamba ya eneo husika na nguvu ya mawimbi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Disappearing beaches: Climate change could wipe out half of the world's sandy shorelines|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/disappearing-beaches-climate-change-could-wipe-out-half-world-s-n1150841|work=NBC News|date=2020-03-05|accessdate=2026-06-08|language=en}}</ref>. == Kazi ya kijiografia == Kijiografia na kihidrolojia, fukwe hufanya kazi kama kinga ya asili ya pwani dhidi ya nguvu ya mawimbi makali na [[mmomonyoko wa ardhi]]. Mawimbi yanapogonga fukwe, nishati yake hupunguzwa na kutawanywa, jambo linalolinda ardhi ya ndani isimemezewe na maji. Kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na kupanda kwa kiwango cha maji baharini, fukwe nyingi duniani zipo hatarini kutoweka kutokana na mmomonyoko wa kasi. Uhifadhi wa mimea ya pwani, kama vile miamba ya [[matumbawe]] na misitu ya [[mikoko]], ni muhimu sana katika kulinda ustawi na uimara wa fukwe hizi. == Umuhimu wa kijamii na wa kiuchumi == Fukwe ni maeneo muhimu sana kwa ustawi wa binadamu na viumbe hai wengine. Kwa upande wa [[ikolojia]], fukwe ni makazi na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa viumbe wengi wa baharini na pwani, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kobe wa baharini]] ambao hutumia fukwe za mchanga kutaga mayai yao. Kwa upande wa uchumi, fukwe ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] ambavyo huingizia mataifa mapato mengi na kutoa ajira kwa jamii za pwani kupitia biashara za hoteli, michezo ya majini, na burudani. Pamoja na faida hizo, fukwe nyingi zinakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za [[uharibifu wa mazingira]], zikiwemo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaotokana na taka za [[plastiki]] na ukosefu wa mifumo thabiti ya usafi wa mazingira na majitaka kutoka kwenye miji ya pwani<ref>{{Citation|title=World's Longest Continuous Peninsula Beach, world record in Long Beach, Washington|url=http://www.worldrecordacademy.org/2024/6/worlds-longest-continuous-peninsula-beach-world-record-in-long-beach-washington-424281|language=en|access-date=2026-06-08}}</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uharibifu wa mazingira]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] mmzba8dr7c9iw2v90juw5p16s96dlrx 0 240537 1568960 2026-06-08T16:12:13Z Laylah26 89982 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kinamasi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Swamp'') ni aina ya [[ardhi]] iliyolowana daima au kwa misimu fulani. Eneo hili limefunikwa na [[maji]] yanayotembea taratibu au yaliyotuama, na linatofautishwa na uwepo mkubwa wa mimea yenye miti mirefu au vichaka. Tofauti na mabwawa ya kawaida ya nyasi, vinamasi mara nyingi hupatikana kando ya [[mto|mito]] mikubwa au [[ziwa|maziwa]] ambapo ardhi haina mteremko mkubwa, jambo linalofanya maji kutosafiri kwa haraka. U...' 1568960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kinamasi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Swamp'') ni aina ya [[ardhi]] iliyolowana daima au kwa misimu fulani. Eneo hili limefunikwa na [[maji]] yanayotembea taratibu au yaliyotuama, na linatofautishwa na uwepo mkubwa wa mimea yenye miti mirefu au vichaka. Tofauti na mabwawa ya kawaida ya nyasi, vinamasi mara nyingi hupatikana kando ya [[mto|mito]] mikubwa au [[ziwa|maziwa]] ambapo ardhi haina mteremko mkubwa, jambo linalofanya maji kutosafiri kwa haraka. Udongo wa maeneo haya huwa umejaa maji kiasi cha kukosa hewa ya [[oksijeni]] ya kutosha, hali inayolazimisha mimea na viumbe hai wa eneo hilo kuwa na sifa maalumu za ustahimilivu ili kuishi.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayoelezea sifa za kisayansi za kinamasi.</ref> == Kazi ya Kijiografia na Uhifadhi wa Maji == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe na vinamasi hufanya kazi kubwa kama vyujio vya asili vya maji na vidhibiti vya [[mafuriko]]. Vinamasi hupunguza kasi ya maji ya mvua au ya mito inayofurika, na hivyo kuzuia [[mmomonyoko wa udongo]] na kupunguza madhara ya mafuriko katika maeneo ya makazi ya watu.<ref>https://epa.gov – Shirika la Kulinda Mazingira la Marekani (EPA) kuhusu umuhimu wa maeneo oevu katika kuzuia mafuriko.</ref> Wakati maji hayo yanapotulia kwenye kinamasi, mimea na udongo hufyonza kemikali zenye sumu, mbolea ya ziada, na mchanga uliosombwa, na hivyo kusafisha maji kabla hayajaingia kwenye mito mikubwa au vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi. Kutokana na uwezo huu, vinamasi ni nguzo muhimu sana katika kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji safi na salama barani [[Afrika]]. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Maeneo haya yana utajiri mkubwa wa [[bioanuwai]] na rasilimali. Kiikolojia, vinamasi ni makazi ya viumbe wengi wa kipekee kama vile [[mamba]], [[kiboko]], aina mbalimbali za [[samaki]], na [[ndege]] wanaohama. Kwa jamii zinazozunguka, vinamasi hutoa rasilimali muhimu kama vile mbao, nyuzi za kamba, na fursa za [[uvuvi]] wa kijamii. Hata hivyo, vinamasi vingi barani Afrika vinakabiliwa na tishio kubwa la kukaushwa kwa ajili ya upanuzi wa [[kilimo]], makazi ya watu, na ujenzi vya miundombinu. Uharibifu huu, ukichanganywa na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], unahatarisha usalama wa maji na mifumo ya ikolojia, jambo linalofanya juhudi za [[uhifadhi wa mazingira|uhifadhi]] wa maeneo haya kuwa za dharura.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu changamoto na uhifadhi wa maeneo oevu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Bwawa]] * [[Mto]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] eiy6fdf78fb73r6s7cwxt396akpaw1u 1568961 1568960 2026-06-08T16:13:52Z Laylah26 89982 1568961 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Florida freshwater swamp usgov image.jpg|thumb|Kinamasi, [[Florida]], [[USA]]]] '''Kinamasi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Swamp'') ni aina ya [[ardhi]] iliyolowana daima au kwa misimu fulani. Eneo hili limefunikwa na [[maji]] yanayotembea taratibu au yaliyotuama, na linatofautishwa na uwepo mkubwa wa mimea yenye miti mirefu au vichaka. Tofauti na mabwawa ya kawaida ya nyasi, vinamasi mara nyingi hupatikana kando ya [[mto|mito]] mikubwa au [[ziwa|maziwa]] ambapo ardhi haina mteremko mkubwa, jambo linalofanya maji kutosafiri kwa haraka. Udongo wa maeneo haya huwa umejaa maji kiasi cha kukosa hewa ya [[oksijeni]] ya kutosha, hali inayolazimisha mimea na viumbe hai wa eneo hilo kuwa na sifa maalumu za ustahimilivu ili kuishi.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayoelezea sifa za kisayansi za kinamasi.</ref> == Kazi ya Kijiografia na Uhifadhi wa Maji == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, fukwe na vinamasi hufanya kazi kubwa kama vyujio vya asili vya maji na vidhibiti vya [[mafuriko]]. Vinamasi hupunguza kasi ya maji ya mvua au ya mito inayofurika, na hivyo kuzuia [[mmomonyoko wa udongo]] na kupunguza madhara ya mafuriko katika maeneo ya makazi ya watu.<ref>https://epa.gov – Shirika la Kulinda Mazingira la Marekani (EPA) kuhusu umuhimu wa maeneo oevu katika kuzuia mafuriko.</ref> Wakati maji hayo yanapotulia kwenye kinamasi, mimea na udongo hufyonza kemikali zenye sumu, mbolea ya ziada, na mchanga uliosombwa, na hivyo kusafisha maji kabla hayajaingia kwenye mito mikubwa au vyanzo vya maji vya chini ya ardhi. Kutokana na uwezo huu, vinamasi ni nguzo muhimu sana katika kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji safi na salama barani [[Afrika]]. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Maeneo haya yana utajiri mkubwa wa [[bioanuwai]] na rasilimali. Kiikolojia, vinamasi ni makazi ya viumbe wengi wa kipekee kama vile [[mamba]], [[kiboko]], aina mbalimbali za [[samaki]], na [[ndege]] wanaohama. Kwa jamii zinazozunguka, vinamasi hutoa rasilimali muhimu kama vile mbao, nyuzi za kamba, na fursa za [[uvuvi]] wa kijamii. Hata hivyo, vinamasi vingi barani Afrika vinakabiliwa na tishio kubwa la kukaushwa kwa ajili ya upanuzi wa [[kilimo]], makazi ya watu, na ujenzi vya miundombinu. Uharibifu huu, ukichanganywa na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], unahatarisha usalama wa maji na mifumo ya ikolojia, jambo linalofanya juhudi za [[uhifadhi wa mazingira|uhifadhi]] wa maeneo haya kuwa za dharura.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu changamoto na uhifadhi wa maeneo oevu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Bwawa]] * [[Mto]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] cj99n8ce2inx22h8121o3c8qgnu1soh 1569001 1568961 2026-06-09T07:48:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Florida freshwater swamp usgov image.jpg|thumb|Kinamasi, [[Florida]], [[USA]]]] '''Kinamasi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Swamp'') ni aina ya [[ardhi]] iliyolowana daima au kwa misimu fulani. Eneo hili limefunikwa na [[maji]] yanayotiririka taratibu au yaliyotuama, na linabainishwa na uwepo mkubwa wa [[Mmea|mimea]] yenye [[Mti|miti]] mirefu au [[Kichaka|vichaka]]. Tofauti na mabwawa ya kawaida ya nyasi, vinamasi mara nyingi hupatikana kando ya [[mto|mito]] mikubwa au [[ziwa|maziwa]] ambapo ardhi haina mteremko mkubwa, jambo linalofanya maji kutosafiri kwa haraka. [[Udongo]] wa maeneo hayo huwa umejaa maji kiasi cha kukosa [[hewa]] ya [[oksijeni]] ya kutosha, hali inayolazimisha mimea na [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] wa eneo hilo kuwa na sifa maalumu za [[ustahimilivu]] ili kuishi.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayoelezea sifa za kisayansi za kinamasi.</ref> == Kazi ya Kijiografia na Uhifadhi wa Maji == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], [[Ufukwe|fukwe]] na vinamasi hufanya kazi kubwa kama vyujio vya asili vya maji na vidhibiti vya [[mafuriko]]. Vinamasi hupunguza [[kasi]] ya maji ya [[mvua]] au ya mito inayofurika, na hivyo kuzuia [[mmomonyoko wa udongo]] na kupunguza madhara ya mafuriko katika maeneo ya makazi ya [[Binadamu|watu]].<ref>https://epa.gov – Shirika la Kulinda Mazingira la Marekani (EPA) kuhusu umuhimu wa maeneo oevu katika kuzuia mafuriko.</ref> Wakati maji hayo yanapotulia kwenye kinamasi, mimea na udongo hufyonza [[kemikali]] zenye [[sumu]], [[mbolea]] ya ziada, na [[mchanga]] uliosombwa, na hivyo kusafisha maji kabla hayajaingia kwenye mito mikubwa au [[chanzo|vyanzo]] vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Kutokana na uwezo huo, vinamasi ni [[nguzo]] muhimu sana katika kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa [[maji salama|maji safi na salama]] barani [[Afrika]]. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Maeneo hayo yana [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[bioanuwai]] na [[rasilimali]]. [[ekolojia|Kiekolojia]], vinamasi ni [[Makazi (ekolojia)|makazi]] ya viumbe wengi wa pekee kama vile [[mamba]], [[kiboko]], aina mbalimbali za [[samaki]], na [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] wanaohama. Kwa [[jamii]] zinazozunguka, vinamasi hutoa rasilimali muhimu kama vile [[Ubao|mbao]], [[uzi|nyuzi]] za [[kamba]], na fursa za [[uvuvi]] wa kijamii. Hata hivyo, vinamasi vingi [[bara|barani]] Afrika vinakabiliwa na tishio kubwa la kukaushwa kwa ajili ya upanuzi wa [[kilimo]], makazi ya watu, na [[ujenzi]] vya [[miundombinu]]. [[Uharibifu wa ardhi|Uharibifu]] huu, ukichanganywa na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], unahatarisha usalama wa maji na mifumo ya ekolojia, jambo linalofanya juhudi za [[uhifadhi wa mazingira|uhifadhi]] wa maeneo hayo kuwa za dharura.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu changamoto na uhifadhi wa maeneo oevu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Bwawa]] * [[Mto]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] 154ljhsjfz9amuyft6217sf7902n8ke 0 240538 1568963 2026-06-08T16:31:52Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1568963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mto Logone''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Logone River'') ni mto mkubwa uliopo upande wa magharibi na katikati mwa bara la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa matawi makuu ya Mto Chari. Mto huu unachukua nafasi kubwa katika jiografia ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi doomed. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, Mto Vina na Mto Mbéré, na kisha unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini kwa umbali wa kilomita mia kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika mji wa [[N'Djamena]], mji mkuu wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia ya Bonde la Ziwa Chad == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ikolojia]] wa Bonde la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban asilimia 90 ya maji yote yanayoingia kwenye ziwa hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – Utafiti wa kisayansi unaonyesha kiwango cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika msimu wa mvua nyingi, mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa mafuriko unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la unyevunyevu ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya ukame wa muda mrefu, na ujenzi wa mabwawa ya bandia (kama vile Bwawa la Maga), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii, Kiuchumi na Changamoto == Kijamii na kiuchumi, Mto Logone ni tegemeo la mamilioni ya watu wanaoshi katika bonde lake kwa ajili ya maisha na usalama wa chakula. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha umwagiliaji, hasa zao la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa kibiashara na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile Moundou na Bongor nchini Chad, na Yagoua nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huu kwa usafiri wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huu kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya uchafuzi na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] 4g2rh2omio00ytef499f76bivcioyy2 1568965 1568963 2026-06-08T16:35:19Z Laylah26 89982 1568965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika Mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad]] '''Mto Logone''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Logone River'') ni mto mkubwa uliopo upande wa magharibi na katikati mwa bara la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa matawi makuu ya Mto Chari. Mto huu unachukua nafasi kubwa katika jiografia ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi doomed. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, Mto Vina na Mto Mbéré, na kisha unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini kwa umbali wa kilomita mia kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika mji wa [[N'Djamena]], mji mkuu wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia ya Bonde la Ziwa Chad == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ikolojia]] wa Bonde la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban asilimia 90 ya maji yote yanayoingia kwenye ziwa hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – Utafiti wa kisayansi unaonyesha kiwango cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika msimu wa mvua nyingi, mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa mafuriko unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la unyevunyevu ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya ukame wa muda mrefu, na ujenzi wa mabwawa ya bandia (kama vile Bwawa la Maga), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa Kijamii, Kiuchumi na Changamoto == Kijamii na kiuchumi, Mto Logone ni tegemeo la mamilioni ya watu wanaoshi katika bonde lake kwa ajili ya maisha na usalama wa chakula. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha umwagiliaji, hasa zao la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa kibiashara na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile Moundou na Bongor nchini Chad, na Yagoua nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huu kwa usafiri wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huu kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya uchafuzi na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] otlty71qrjg878ocyiewu7xkfa2fhfd 1569003 1568965 2026-06-09T07:57:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jiografia-Afrika}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] 0pdpi0rjb0ua6u73qusesdrywb9gyjo 1569004 1569003 2026-06-09T07:58:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1569004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 8s21nyn6zbzmwa42guzh5ys4x85mzh7 0 240539 1568966 2026-06-08T16:46:19Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1568966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chemchemi joto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Hot spring'' au ''Thermal spring'') ni aina ya chemchemi ambapo maji yanayotoka ardhini yanakuwa na joto la juu kuliko joto la mazingira yanayoizunguka. Maji haya hupata joto yanapopenya chini sana kwenye ukoko wa dunia na kukutana na miamba yenye joto kali la kijiolojia, au kutokana na ukaribu wake na maeneo yenye [[volkano]] na magma chini ya ardhi. Chemchemi joto zinapatikana katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani, lakini ni za kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye mtandao wa [[Bonde la Ufa]] barani [[Afrika]], ambapo ardhi imepasuka na kuruhusu joto la ndani ya dunia kusafiri kwa urahisi kuelekea juu.<ref>https://britannica.com – Makala ya kijiografia kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica inayofafanua sayansi na asili ya chemchemi joto.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, chemchemi joto zina sifa za kipekee za kikemia na kifizikia kutokana na joto lake la juu linalozisaidia kuyeyusha [[madini]] mengi yaliyopo kwenye miamba ya chini ya ardhi. Maji yanapotoka nje, mara nyingi yanakuwa yamejaa madini kama vile kiberiti (sulfur), kalsiamu, na silika. Wakati mwingine madini hayo hutengeneza mandhari ya rangi za kupendeza kando ya chemchemi hizo kutokana na uwepo wa [[bakteria]] maalum wanaostahimili joto kali. Uhifadhi wa vyanzo hivi vya [[maji]] ni muhimu kwani mabadiliko ya mazingira na uchimbaji holela wa visima karibu na maeneo hayo unaweza kubadilisha mwelekeo wa maji na kusababisha chemchemi hizo kukauka kabisa.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Idara ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikielezea jinsi mifumo ya hidolojia ya chemchemi joto inavyofanya kazi.</ref> == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Kijamii na kiuchumi, chemchemi joto zina umuhimu mkubwa wa kiikolojia, kitalii, na hata kishughuli za nishati mbadala. Kiutamaduni na kijamii, jamii nyingi barani Afrika zimekuwa zikitumia maji haya kwa ajili ya tiba asilia ya magonjwa ya ngozi na viungo kutokana na madini yaliyomo. Kiuchumi, maeneo haya (kama vile chemchemi joto za Amboni nchini [[Tanzania]] au chemchemi za Bogoria nchini [[Kenya]]) ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] na vyanzo vya [[nishati ya jotoardhi]] (geothermal energy) inayoweza kuzalisha [[umeme]] safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu matumizi ya chemchemi joto na nishati ya jotoardhi katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki.</ref> Pamoja na faida hizo, changamoto kubwa inayokabili chemchemi joto ni uharibifu wa miundombinu ya mazingira inayozunguka na usimamizi duni wa [[usafi wa mazingira]], jambo linaloweza kuhatarisha usalama wa maji hayo kwa watumiaji. == Tazama pia == * [[Volkano]] * [[Mto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] dvz7q97ez6fesjv9c3ui0cjczh1ktk8 1568967 1568966 2026-06-08T16:50:50Z Laylah26 89982 1568967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of Grand Prismatic (23428929375).jpg|thumb|Chemchem Joto]] '''Chemchemi joto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Hot spring'' au ''Thermal spring'') ni aina ya chemchemi ambapo maji yanayotoka ardhini yanakuwa na joto la juu kuliko joto la mazingira yanayoizunguka. Maji haya hupata joto yanapopenya chini sana kwenye ukoko wa dunia na kukutana na miamba yenye joto kali la kijiolojia, au kutokana na ukaribu wake na maeneo yenye [[volkano]] na magma chini ya ardhi. Chemchemi joto zinapatikana katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani, lakini ni za kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye mtandao wa [[Bonde la Ufa]] barani [[Afrika]], ambapo ardhi imepasuka na kuruhusu joto la ndani ya dunia kusafiri kwa urahisi kuelekea juu.<ref>https://britannica.com – Makala ya kijiografia kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica inayofafanua sayansi na asili ya chemchemi joto.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, chemchemi joto zina sifa za kipekee za kikemia na kifizikia kutokana na joto lake la juu linalozisaidia kuyeyusha [[madini]] mengi yaliyopo kwenye miamba ya chini ya ardhi. Maji yanapotoka nje, mara nyingi yanakuwa yamejaa madini kama vile kiberiti (sulfur), kalsiamu, na silika. Wakati mwingine madini hayo hutengeneza mandhari ya rangi za kupendeza kando ya chemchemi hizo kutokana na uwepo wa [[bakteria]] maalum wanaostahimili joto kali. Uhifadhi wa vyanzo hivi vya [[maji]] ni muhimu kwani mabadiliko ya mazingira na uchimbaji holela wa visima karibu na maeneo hayo unaweza kubadilisha mwelekeo wa maji na kusababisha chemchemi hizo kukauka kabisa.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Idara ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikielezea jinsi mifumo ya hidolojia ya chemchemi joto inavyofanya kazi.</ref> == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Kijamii na kiuchumi, chemchemi joto zina umuhimu mkubwa wa kiikolojia, kitalii, na hata kishughuli za nishati mbadala. Kiutamaduni na kijamii, jamii nyingi barani Afrika zimekuwa zikitumia maji haya kwa ajili ya tiba asilia ya magonjwa ya ngozi na viungo kutokana na madini yaliyomo. Kiuchumi, maeneo haya (kama vile chemchemi joto za Amboni nchini [[Tanzania]] au chemchemi za Bogoria nchini [[Kenya]]) ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] na vyanzo vya [[nishati ya jotoardhi]] (geothermal energy) inayoweza kuzalisha [[umeme]] safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu matumizi ya chemchemi joto na nishati ya jotoardhi katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki.</ref> Pamoja na faida hizo, changamoto kubwa inayokabili chemchemi joto ni uharibifu wa miundombinu ya mazingira inayozunguka na usimamizi duni wa [[usafi wa mazingira]], jambo linaloweza kuhatarisha usalama wa maji hayo kwa watumiaji. == Tazama pia == * [[Volkano]] * [[Mto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] fo2r6htkh7dsjfz8avr706r6peb1zjf 1569006 1568967 2026-06-09T08:13:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of Grand Prismatic (23428929375).jpg|thumb|Chemchemi joto.]] '''Chemchemi joto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Hot spring'' au ''Thermal spring'') ni aina ya [[chemchemi]] ambapo [[maji]] yanayotoka ardhini yanakuwa na [[joto]] la juu kuliko joto la [[mazingira]] yanayoizunguka. Maji hayo hupata joto yanapopenya chini sana kwenye [[ukoko]] wa [[dunia]] na kukutana na [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] yenye joto kali la [[jiolojia|kijiolojia]], au kutokana na ukaribu wake na maeneo yenye [[volkano]] na [[magma]] chini ya ardhi. Chemchemi joto zinapatikana katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani, lakini ni za kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye mtandao wa [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] [[bara|barani]] [[Afrika]], ambapo ardhi imepasuka na kuruhusu joto la ndani ya dunia kusafiri kwa urahisi kuelekea juu.<ref>https://britannica.com – Makala ya kijiografia kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica inayofafanua sayansi na asili ya chemchemi joto.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], chemchemi joto zina sifa za pekee za [[kemia|kikemia]] na [[fizikia|kifizikia]] kutokana na joto lake la juu linalozisaidia kuyeyusha [[madini]] mengi yaliyopo kwenye miamba ya chini ya ardhi. Maji yanapotoka nje, mara nyingi yanakuwa yamejaa madini kama vile [[Sulfuri|kiberiti]], [[kalsiamu]], na [[silika]]. Wakati mwingine madini hayo hutengeneza [[mandhari]] ya [[rangi]] za kupendeza kando ya chemchemi hizo kutokana na uwepo wa [[bakteria]] maalum wanaostahimili joto kali. [[Uhifadhi wa maji|Uhifadhi]] wa vyanzo hivi vya [[maji]] ni muhimu kwani [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi|mabadiliko ya mazingira]] na [[uchimbaji]] holela wa [[Kisima|visima]] karibu na maeneo hayo unaweza kubadilisha mwelekeo wa maji na kusababisha chemchemi hizo kukauka kabisa.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Idara ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikielezea jinsi mifumo ya hidolojia ya chemchemi joto inavyofanya kazi.</ref> == Umuhimu wa kijamii na wa kiuchumi == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], chemchemi joto zina umuhimu mkubwa wa [[ekolojia|kiekolojia]], [[utalii|kitalii]], na hata kishughuli za [[nishati mbadala]]. [[utamaduni|Kiutamaduni]] na kijamii, jamii nyingi barani Afrika zimekuwa zikitumia maji hayo kwa ajili ya [[tiba]] asilia ya [[Ugonjwa|magonjwa]] ya [[ngozi]] na viungo kutokana na madini yaliyomo. Kiuchumi, maeneo haya (kama vile chemchemi joto za [[Amboni]] nchini [[Tanzania]] au chemchemi za [[Bogoria]] nchini [[Kenya]]) ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] na vyanzo vya [[nishati ya jotoardhi]] inayoweza kuzalisha [[umeme]] safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu matumizi ya chemchemi joto na nishati ya jotoardhi katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki.</ref> Pamoja na faida hizo, changamoto kubwa inayokabili chemchemi joto ni uharibifu wa miundombinu ya mazingira inayozunguka na usimamizi duni wa [[usafi wa mazingira]], jambo linaloweza kuhatarisha [[Maji salama|usalama wa maji]] hayo kwa watumiaji. == Tazama pia == * [[Volkano]] * [[Mto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:maji]] rzkuzuniax41fcd9tp4oyan2vikjflv 1569008 1569006 2026-06-09T08:14:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569008 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of Grand Prismatic (23428929375).jpg|thumb|Chemchemi joto.]] '''Chemchemi joto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Hot spring'' au ''Thermal spring'') ni aina ya [[chemchemi]] ambapo [[maji]] yanayotoka ardhini yanakuwa na [[joto]] la juu kuliko joto la [[mazingira]] yanayoizunguka. Maji hayo hupata joto yanapopenya chini sana kwenye [[ukoko]] wa [[dunia]] na kukutana na [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] yenye joto kali la [[jiolojia|kijiolojia]], au kutokana na ukaribu wake na maeneo yenye [[volkano]] na [[magma]] chini ya ardhi. Chemchemi joto zinapatikana katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani, lakini ni za kawaida zaidi katika maeneo yenye mtandao wa [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] [[bara|barani]] [[Afrika]], ambapo ardhi imepasuka na kuruhusu joto la ndani ya dunia kusafiri kwa urahisi kuelekea juu.<ref>https://britannica.com – Makala ya kijiografia kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica inayofafanua sayansi na asili ya chemchemi joto.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], chemchemi joto zina sifa za pekee za [[kemia|kikemia]] na [[fizikia|kifizikia]] kutokana na joto lake la juu linalozisaidia kuyeyusha [[madini]] mengi yaliyopo kwenye miamba ya chini ya ardhi. Maji yanapotoka nje, mara nyingi yanakuwa yamejaa madini kama vile [[Sulfuri|kiberiti]], [[kalsiamu]], na [[silika]]. Wakati mwingine madini hayo hutengeneza [[mandhari]] ya [[rangi]] za kupendeza kando ya chemchemi hizo kutokana na uwepo wa [[bakteria]] maalum wanaostahimili joto kali. [[Uhifadhi wa maji|Uhifadhi]] wa vyanzo hivi vya [[maji]] ni muhimu kwani [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi|mabadiliko ya mazingira]] na [[uchimbaji]] holela wa [[Kisima|visima]] karibu na maeneo hayo unaweza kubadilisha mwelekeo wa maji na kusababisha chemchemi hizo kukauka kabisa.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Idara ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikielezea jinsi mifumo ya hidolojia ya chemchemi joto inavyofanya kazi.</ref> == Umuhimu wa kijamii na wa kiuchumi == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], chemchemi joto zina umuhimu mkubwa wa [[ekolojia|kiekolojia]], [[utalii|kitalii]], na hata kishughuli za [[nishati mbadala]]. [[utamaduni|Kiutamaduni]] na kijamii, jamii nyingi barani Afrika zimekuwa zikitumia maji hayo kwa ajili ya [[tiba]] asilia ya [[Ugonjwa|magonjwa]] ya [[ngozi]] na viungo kutokana na madini yaliyomo. Kiuchumi, maeneo haya (kama vile chemchemi joto za [[mapango ya Amboni]] nchini [[Tanzania]] au chemchemi za [[Bogoria]] nchini [[Kenya]]) ni vivutio vikubwa vya [[utalii]] na vyanzo vya [[nishati ya jotoardhi]] inayoweza kuzalisha [[umeme]] safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) kuhusu matumizi ya chemchemi joto na nishati ya jotoardhi katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki.</ref> Pamoja na faida hizo, changamoto kubwa inayokabili chemchemi joto ni uharibifu wa miundombinu ya mazingira inayozunguka na usimamizi duni wa [[usafi wa mazingira]], jambo linaloweza kuhatarisha [[Maji salama|usalama wa maji]] hayo kwa watumiaji. == Tazama pia == * [[Volkano]] * [[Mto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:maji]] aatcalpwho8c3361gzhozb3mxzz05w6 0 240540 1568968 2026-06-08T17:01:46Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1568968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mdomo wa mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''River mouth'') ni eneo la kijiografia ambapo [[mto]] unaishia na kumwaga maji yake pamoja na mchanga uliosombwa kwenye chanzo kingine kikubwa cha maji kama vile [[bahari]], [[ziwa]], ghuba, au mto mwingine mkubwa. Eneo hili linawakilisha mwisho wa mfumo wa mtiririko wa mto mmoja na mwanzo wa kuchanganyika kwa maji baridi ya ardhini na maji ya vyanzo vingine, ambavyo mara nyingi huwa ni ya chumvi kama baharini. Muundo wa mdomo wa mto hutofautiana sana kulingana na kasi ya maji ya mto, nguvu ya mawimbi ya bahari, na kiasi cha mchanga au matope yanayoshushwa katika eneo hilo.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayofafanua sifa na kazi za midomo ya mito.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, midomo ya mito huchukua maumbo mbalimbali ya kipekee kutokana na nguvu za asili zinazokutana hapo. Kasi ya mto inapopungua unapoingia kwenye bahari au ziwa, mto huo hushindwa kubeba mchanga na matope. Hali hii inafanya mto kuyaachia nyenzo hizo mkingoni na kutengeneza [[delta ya mto]]. Katika maeneo mengine ambapo kuna mawimbi makali ya bahari yanayosafisha mchanga huo, mdomo wa mto unakuwa mpana na wa wazi. Muundo huu unajulikana kama mto mpana au estuari (estuary). Maeneo haya yanachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa udhibiti wa ubora wa [[maji]] yanayoingia baharini.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kisayansi kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica kuhusu mifumo ya estuari na midomo ya mito.</ref> == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Kijamii na kiuchumi, midomo ya mito ni maeneo yenye utajiri mkubwa wa kiikolojia na fursa za kimaendeleo kwa binadamu. Kiikolojia, maeneo haya ya makutano ya maji baridi na ya chumvi yanatengeneza mazingira ya kipekee yanayosaidia ustawi wa misitu ya [[mikoko]] na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa aina nyingi za [[samaki]] na viumbe wa majini. Kiuchumi, miji mingi mikubwa duniani na barani [[Afrika]] imejengwa karibu na midomo ya mito. Sababu kuu ni kuwa maeneo haya yanatoa fursa nzuri za ujenzi wa [[bandari]], usafiri wa majini, na [[uvuvi]] wa kibiashara. Hata hivyo, midomo ya mito inakabiliwa na hatari kubwa ya [[uharibifu wa mazingira]] kutokana na mkusanyiko wa taka za [[plastiki]], uchafuzi wa kemikali kutoka mijini, na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayobadilisha viwango vya mtiririko wa maji safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za uchafuzi unaotoka mitoni kuelekea baharini kupitia midomo ya mito.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] f5qfrdn4vb5eif43h6o92qi5boddfsb 1568969 1568968 2026-06-08T17:04:33Z Laylah26 89982 1568969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|thumb|Mdomo wa [[Mto Nile]]]] '''Mdomo wa mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''River mouth'') ni eneo la kijiografia ambapo [[mto]] unaishia na kumwaga maji yake pamoja na mchanga uliosombwa kwenye chanzo kingine kikubwa cha maji kama vile [[bahari]], [[ziwa]], ghuba, au mto mwingine mkubwa. Eneo hili linawakilisha mwisho wa mfumo wa mtiririko wa mto mmoja na mwanzo wa kuchanganyika kwa maji baridi ya ardhini na maji ya vyanzo vingine, ambavyo mara nyingi huwa ni ya chumvi kama baharini. Muundo wa mdomo wa mto hutofautiana sana kulingana na kasi ya maji ya mto, nguvu ya mawimbi ya bahari, na kiasi cha mchanga au matope yanayoshushwa katika eneo hilo.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayofafanua sifa na kazi za midomo ya mito.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, midomo ya mito huchukua maumbo mbalimbali ya kipekee kutokana na nguvu za asili zinazokutana hapo. Kasi ya mto inapopungua unapoingia kwenye bahari au ziwa, mto huo hushindwa kubeba mchanga na matope. Hali hii inafanya mto kuyaachia nyenzo hizo mkingoni na kutengeneza [[delta ya mto]]. Katika maeneo mengine ambapo kuna mawimbi makali ya bahari yanayosafisha mchanga huo, mdomo wa mto unakuwa mpana na wa wazi. Muundo huu unajulikana kama mto mpana au estuari (estuary). Maeneo haya yanachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa udhibiti wa ubora wa [[maji]] yanayoingia baharini.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kisayansi kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica kuhusu mifumo ya estuari na midomo ya mito.</ref> == Umuhimu wa Kijamii na Kiuchumi == Kijamii na kiuchumi, midomo ya mito ni maeneo yenye utajiri mkubwa wa kiikolojia na fursa za kimaendeleo kwa binadamu. Kiikolojia, maeneo haya ya makutano ya maji baridi na ya chumvi yanatengeneza mazingira ya kipekee yanayosaidia ustawi wa misitu ya [[mikoko]] na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa aina nyingi za [[samaki]] na viumbe wa majini. Kiuchumi, miji mingi mikubwa duniani na barani [[Afrika]] imejengwa karibu na midomo ya mito. Sababu kuu ni kuwa maeneo haya yanatoa fursa nzuri za ujenzi wa [[bandari]], usafiri wa majini, na [[uvuvi]] wa kibiashara. Hata hivyo, midomo ya mito inakabiliwa na hatari kubwa ya [[uharibifu wa mazingira]] kutokana na mkusanyiko wa taka za [[plastiki]], uchafuzi wa kemikali kutoka mijini, na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayobadilisha viwango vya mtiririko wa maji safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za uchafuzi unaotoka mitoni kuelekea baharini kupitia midomo ya mito.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Mto]] * [[Bahari]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] jkavdwdi5vhjri4902w6ridqovt2kia 1569011 1568969 2026-06-09T08:23:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569011 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|thumb|Mdomo wa [[Mto Nile]]]] '''Mdomo wa mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''River mouth'') ni eneo la kijiografia ambapo [[mto]] unaishia na kumwaga [[maji]] yake pamoja na [[mchanga]] uliosombwa kwenye chanzo kingine kikubwa cha maji kama vile [[bahari]], [[ziwa]], [[ghuba]], au mto mwingine mkubwa. Eneo hilo linawakilisha mwisho wa mfumo wa mtiririko wa mto mmoja na mwanzo wa kuchanganyika kwa [[Maji matamu|maji baridi]] ya ardhini na maji ya vyanzo vingine, ambavyo mara nyingi huwa ni [[maji ya chumvi|ya chumvi]] kama baharini. [[Muundo]] wa mdomo wa mto hutofautiana sana kulingana na [[kasi]] ya maji ya mto, [[nguvu]] ya [[Wimbi|mawimbi]] ya bahari, na kiasi cha mchanga au [[matope]] yanayoshushwa katika eneo hilo.<ref>https://nationalgeographic.org – Kamusi ya kijiografia ya National Geographic inayofafanua sifa na kazi za midomo ya mito.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], midomo ya mito huchukua [[umbo|maumbo]] mbalimbali ya pekee kutokana na nguvu za asili zinazokutana hapo. Kasi ya mto inapopungua unapoingia kwenye bahari au ziwa, mto huo hushindwa kubeba mchanga na matope. Hali hii inafanya mto kuyaachia nyenzo hizo mkingoni na kutengeneza [[delta]] ya mto. Katika maeneo mengine ambapo kuna mawimbi makali ya bahari yanayosafisha mchanga huo, mdomo wa mto unakuwa mpana na wa wazi. Muundo huu unajulikana kama mto mpana au [[estuari]]. Maeneo hayo yanachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa udhibiti wa [[ubora]] wa [[maji]] yanayoingia baharini.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kisayansi kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica kuhusu mifumo ya estuari na midomo ya mito.</ref> == Umuhimu wa kijamii na wa kiuchumi == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], midomo ya mito ni maeneo yenye [[utajiri]] mkubwa wa [[ekolojia|kiekolojia]] na fursa za [[maendeleo]] kwa [[binadamu]]. Kiekolojia, maeneo hayo ya makutano ya maji baridi na ya chumvi yanatengeneza mazingira ya pekee yanayosaidia [[ustawi]] wa [[Msitu|misitu]] ya [[mikoko]] na maeneo ya kuzaliana kwa aina nyingi za [[samaki]] na [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] wa majini. Kiuchumi, [[Mji|miji]] mingi mikubwa [[Dunia|duniani]] na [[bara|barani]] [[Afrika]] imejengwa karibu na midomo ya mito. Sababu kuu ni kuwa maeneo hayo yanatoa fursa nzuri za [[ujenzi]] wa [[bandari]], [[usafiri]] wa majini, na [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]]. Hata hivyo, midomo ya mito inakabiliwa na hatari kubwa ya [[uharibifu wa mazingira]] kutokana na mkusanyiko wa [[taka]] za [[plastiki]], [[kemikali]] kutoka mijini, na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yanayobadilisha viwango vya mtiririko wa maji safi.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za uchafuzi unaotoka mitoni kuelekea baharini kupitia midomo ya mito.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 2cabhtgkzb7grfx7z0tomm0pzcsukrm 0 240541 1568980 2026-06-09T03:29:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Algernon Maltby''' '''"Curley" Stecker''' (10 Julai 1892 – 16 Juni 1924) alikuwa mkufunzi wa wanyama wa awali wa Hollywood, msimamizi wa Universal City Zoo, mtayarishaji wa filamu za wanyama na mara kwa mara mwigizaji pamoja na mchezaji wa matukio hatari (stuntman). Pamoja na Charles Gay wa Gay's Lion Farm, Curley Stecker alikuwa mmoja wa wasambazaji wakuu wa simba waliotumika katika filamu za kimya za Hollywood. Pia alikuwa mkufunzi mkuu wa Joe Mart...' 1568980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Algernon Maltby''' '''"Curley" Stecker''' (10 Julai 1892 – 16 Juni 1924) alikuwa mkufunzi wa wanyama wa awali wa Hollywood, msimamizi wa Universal City Zoo, mtayarishaji wa filamu za wanyama na mara kwa mara mwigizaji pamoja na mchezaji wa matukio hatari (stuntman). Pamoja na Charles Gay wa Gay's Lion Farm, Curley Stecker alikuwa mmoja wa wasambazaji wakuu wa simba waliotumika katika filamu za kimya za Hollywood. Pia alikuwa mkufunzi mkuu wa Joe Martin, orangutani maarufu wa Universal, na baadaye alishiriki kutengeneza vichekesho vya Joe Martin pamoja na mkurugenzi Harry Burns. Mwaka 1923 alishambuliwa karibu kufa na tembo aitwaye Charlie , mnyama ambaye alikuwa amefanya naye kazi kwa zaidi ya miaka kumi, tukio lililopata umaarufu mkubwa katika vyombo vya habari vya Marekani. Katika kumbukumbu za mwaka 1926 za Natacha Rambova kuhusu aliyekuwa mume wake Rudolph Valentino, aliandika kuwa moja ya shughuli walizozipenda ilikuwa kumtembelea Curley Stecker katika makazi ya wanyama ya Universal, kusaidia kuwahudumia wanyama na kusikiliza kwa saa nyingi simulizi zake kuhusu uzoefu wake na matukio ya kuokoka hatari mbalimbali.<ref name="rambova">{{Cite book |last=Rambova |first=Natacha |title=Rudy: an intimate portrait of Rudolph Valentino |date=1926 |page=36 |publisher=Hutchinson & Co. |location=London}}</ref> == Wasifu == Algernon Maltby Stecker alizaliwa tarehe 10 Julai 1892 katika eneo la Eneo la Shaba, [[Michigan]], Marekani. Alikuwa mwana wa George W. Stecker na Maria Jane Oughten Stecker.<ref>"California Deaths and Burials, 1776–2000", FamilySearch.</ref> Mama yake alifariki siku ya Krismasi mwaka 1899 alipokuwa na umri wa miaka saba.<ref>"Michigan Deaths and Burials, 1800–1995", FamilySearch.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1903 alitoroka nyumbani na kujiunga na maonyesho ya kusafiri, na baadaye akajihusisha na kazi ya kushughulikia wanyama wa porini katika sarakasi. Kwa mujibu wa taarifa za magazeti, alianza kufundisha wanyama akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, huku mnyama wa kwanza kumuitikia akiwa tembo.<ref name="Kansas City">{{Cite news |title=Meeting the Animal Actors: Continuing My Adventures in Screen Land |work=The Kansas City Star |date=17 Aprili 1921}}</ref> Stecker alifanya kazi katika Barnum & Bailey Circus, Forepaugh Circus na Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dearborn Independent |date=25 Desemba 1920}}</ref> Mwaka 1911 alifanya kazi na Kanali W. N. Selig katika utengenezaji wa baadhi ya filamu za kwanza za wanyama. Wakati wa kurekodi moja ya filamu hizo, alishambuliwa vibaya na chui aliyemng'ata begani na kumjeruhi kifuani, lakini alinusurika baada ya matibabu ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicken Saves Life of Curley Stecker |date=24 Mei 1919}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha filamu za mwanzo, alionekana pia katika filamu ya mwaka 1913 ''Terror of the Jungle''. == Kazi katika Universal City Zoo == Curley Stecker alihusishwa na Universal City Zoo tangu miaka ya mwanzo ya Universal City. Inasemekana kuwa yeye na tembo Charlie walisaidia kuvuta mizigo ya kwanza ya mbao iliyotumika katika ujenzi wa eneo hilo. Mwaka 1916, baada ya aliyekuwa msimamizi wa bustani hiyo [[Rex De Rosselli]] kupewa jukumu la kuigiza katika filamu, Stecker aliteuliwa kusimamia bustani ya wanyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Moving Picture Weekly |date=1916}}</ref> Mwaka 1917 alimuoa Ethel L. Spurgin Schroeder. Wawili hao walipata watoto kadhaa, akiwemo Roy Stecker. Familia yake iliendelea kuhusika katika filamu mbalimbali za Universal zilizohusisha wanyama.<ref>"California, County Marriages, 1850–1952", FamilySearch.</ref> Katika kazi yake, Stecker aliwafundisha wanyama wengi maarufu wa filamu akiwemo orangutani Joe Martin, simba jike aitwaye Ethel na tembo Charlie. == Shambulio la Charlie tembo == Mwaka 1923, wakati wa mapumziko ya kurekodi filamu ''The Brass Bottle'', Stecker alishambuliwa na tembo Charlie. Tembo huyo alimzungushia mkonga wake, akamvuta na kujaribu kumkanyaga. Ndugu yake Carl Stecker pamoja na fundi seremala A. H. Kuhlman walifanikiwa kumwokoa kwa kutumia vifaa mbalimbali kumzuia tembo huyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trainer Injured When Mad Elephant Charges |date=3 Mei 1923}}</ref> Stecker alipata majeraha makubwa ikiwa ni pamoja na mbavu zilizovunjika mara mbili, michubuko na mtikisiko wa ubongo. Baadaye alieleza kuwa huenda Charlie alimchanganya na ndugu yake Carl kwa sababu alikuwa amevaa mavazi tofauti na yale aliyoyazoea wakati wa kufundisha wanyama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tribune |date=5 Mei 1923}}</ref> Baada ya tukio hilo, Charlie aliuawa, ingawa Stecker alisemekana kupinga uamuzi huo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Los Angeles Times |date=27 Desemba 1923}}</ref> == Kifo == Curley Stecker alifariki tarehe 16 Juni 1924 kutokana na ugonjwa wa leukemia, huku majeraha aliyopata kutokana na shambulio la tembo yakitajwa kuwa sababu iliyochangia kuzorota kwa afya yake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Algernon M Stecker, 1924 |work=California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800–1994 |publisher=FamilySearch}}</ref> Aliacha mke na watoto watatu. Mazishi yake yalifanyika Hollywood, California, tarehe 19 Juni 1924. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1892|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ip0uhzaif1ghzovl3b9at8938kc34ja 0 240542 1568981 2026-06-09T03:35:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sushila Sundari Bose''' (1879–1924) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka [[Uhindi]] kutumbuiza katika sarakasi.<ref name="samsad">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Subodh Chandra |editor2-last=Basu |editor2-first=Anjali |year=2002 |orig-year=First published 1976 |script-title=bn:সুশীলাসুন্দরী |trans-title=Sushilasundari |script-encyclopedia=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান...' 1568981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sushila Sundari Bose''' (1879–1924) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka [[Uhindi]] kutumbuiza katika sarakasi.<ref name="samsad">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Subodh Chandra |editor2-last=Basu |editor2-first=Anjali |year=2002 |orig-year=First published 1976 |script-title=bn:সুশীলাসুন্দরী |trans-title=Sushilasundari |script-encyclopedia=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান |encyclopedia=Saṃsada bāṅāli caritābhidhāna |trans-encyclopedia=Parliament Bengali Biographical Dictionary |language=bn |volume=1 |edition=4th |location=Kolkata |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |isbn=81-85626-65-0 |page=601}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa maonyesho yake ya ujasiri akiwa na simbamarara katika sarakasi ya Great Bengal Circus. == Maisha ya awali == Kama ilivyokuwa kwa mume wake, Motilal Bose (mwana wa Manomohan Bose na kaka mkubwa wa Priyanath Bose), Sushila Sundari Bose alizaliwa mwaka 1879 katika familia ya makabaila wa eneo la Rambagan, mjini [[Calcutta]] (sasa Kolkata). Elimu yake ya msingi ilianza katika Shule ya Bethune. Akiwa mtoto alijifunza kupanda farasi na mieleka pamoja na wanafamilia wengine. Baadaye aliolewa katika familia maarufu ya Bose ya Chhota Jagulia, iliyoko katika wilaya ya North 24 Parganas katika jimbo la sasa la Bengali Magharibi. Alikuwa hodari wa kuzungumza Kiingereza, Kihindi, Kisanskriti, Kimarathi na lugha nyingine nyingi za Uhindi. Familia yake ya kuzaliwa ilipinga ushiriki wake katika sarakasi, lakini mume wake alimpa msaada mkubwa. Kabla ya maonyesho yake ya simbamarara, alikuwa maarufu kwa ustadi wake wa mazoezi ya viungo, sarakasi za kuzunguka kwa mikono na maonesho mengine ya hatari. Taarifa chache sana zinajulikana kuhusu historia ya familia yake na maisha yake ya awali. Inaaminika kwamba huenda alitoka katika tawi moja la familia ya Mitra ya Kolkata. Dada yake, Kumudini Devi, pia alikuwa mtumbuizaji katika Great Bengal Circus.<ref name="samsad"/> == Kazi == [[File:Great Bengal Circus pyramid act.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Sushila Sundari katika onesho la piramidi (mstari wa kati upande wa kulia), huku dada yake Kumudini Devi akiwa upande wa kushoto]] [[File:Sushila Sundari with Shumbha and Nishumbha.jpg|thumb|Sushila Sundari akiwa na Shumbha na Nishumbha]] Sushila Sundari alikuwa mmoja wa nyota wakuu wa Great Bengal Circus, iliyomilikiwa na kuongozwa na Profesa Priyanath Bose. Alikuwa mtaalamu wa mazoezi ya viungo na msanii wa trapezi. Pia alikuwa mpanda farasi mahiri. Wakati wa ufunguzi wa maonyesho, yeye na dada yake Kumudini waliingia jukwaani wakiwa wamesimama juu ya farasi waliokuwa wakikimbia. Mnamo Novemba 1896, Great Bengal Circus ilitoa maonesho katika durbar ya Rewa. Mkuu wa Rewa alifurahishwa sana na maonesho hayo kiasi cha kuwazawadia jozi ya simbamarara wa Bengal. Simbamarara hao waliaminika kuiletea timu bahati njema, hivyo wakapewa majina ya Lakshmi na Narayan, kutokana na miungu ya Kihindu. Sushila alijifunza namna ya kuwafundisha na kuwatawala simbamarara hao. Kufikia mwaka 1901, maonesho ya Great Bengal Circus yalikuwa yakimwonyesha Sushila akifanya vitendo vya hatari akiwa pamoja na simbamarara hao wawili. Aliingia ndani ya zizi lao bila hofu na kuwafanya wangurume, wasimame na kuketi kwa amri zake. Pia alicheza nao mieleka ya mikono<ref name="sengupta16112014">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Swadeshi-girls-in-the-ring/articleshow/45163801.cms |title=Swadeshi girls in the ring |last=Sengupta |first=Nandini |date=16 November 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> na kuonyesha hadharani taya zao zilizofunguka. Baadaye alikuwa akijilaza juu yao na kupiga picha. Simbamarara mpya aliyeitwa Fortune alimjeruhi vibaya kwa pigo la makucha yake wakati wa maonesho. Jeraha hilo lilimsababishia ulemavu wa kudumu.<ref name="samsad"/> Baada ya tukio hilo alianza kufundisha mazoezi ya mwili, mieleka, mapigano ya upanga, matumizi ya fimbo, uendeshaji wa baiskeli na upandaji farasi katika ukumbi wa mazoezi (akhra) wa mume wake Motilal Bose. Motilal Bose, ambaye alikuwa mwanafunzi mwenzake na rafiki wa Narendranath Dutta (baadaye Swami Vivekananda), alikuwa mwanamieleka aliyeshirikiana na ndugu yake Priyanath Bose kuanzisha vituo kadhaa vya mazoezi ya viungo, vikiwemo Chingirpota Akhra, ambavyo baadhi ya wanachama wake baadaye walijihusisha na harakati za mapinduzi. Familia ya Bose ilikuwa na makazi mjini Kolkata katika makutano ya Bidhan Sarani na Vivekananda Road. Wanafunzi wengi wa Sushila, wanaume na wanawake, walikuja kushiriki katika harakati za mapambano dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni. Afya yake ilianza kudhoofika na hatimaye alifariki mwaka 1924. Wazee wa eneo aliloishi waliendelea kumkumbuka kama mwanamke mwenye hadhi ya kifalme aliyekuwa akizungumza kwa ustadi na vijana huku akiwa ameandamana na simbamarara aliyefungwa kwa mnyororo. == Tazama pia == * Priyanath Bose * Soham Swami == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1879|1924}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uhindi]] 9v5umsxnz0f6hgafsyo1yd6ll8ldmzp 1569014 1568981 2026-06-09T08:40:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sushila Sundari Bose''' (1879–1924) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka [[Uhindi]] kutumbuiza katika sarakasi.<ref name="samsad">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Subodh Chandra |editor2-last=Basu |editor2-first=Anjali |year=2002 |orig-year=First published 1976 |script-title=bn:সুশীলাসুন্দরী |trans-title=Sushilasundari |script-encyclopedia=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান |encyclopedia=Saṃsada bāṅāli caritābhidhāna |trans-encyclopedia=Parliament Bengali Biographical Dictionary |language=bn |volume=1 |edition=4th |location=Kolkata |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |isbn=81-85626-65-0 |page=601}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa maonyesho yake ya ujasiri akiwa na simbamarara katika sarakasi ya Great Bengal Circus. == Maisha ya awali == Kama ilivyokuwa kwa mume wake, Motilal Bose (mwana wa Manomohan Bose na kaka wa Priyanath Bose), Sushila Sundari Bose alizaliwa mwaka 1879 katika familia ya makabaila wa eneo la Rambagan, mjini [[Calcutta]] (sasa Kolkata). Elimu yake ya msingi ilianza katika Shule ya Bethune. Akiwa mtoto alijifunza kupanda farasi na mieleka pamoja na wanafamilia wengine. Baadaye aliolewa katika familia maarufu ya Bose ya Chhota Jagulia, iliyoko katika wilaya ya North 24 Parganas katika jimbo la sasa la Bengali Magharibi. Alikuwa hodari wa kuzungumza Kiingereza, Kihindi, Kisanskriti, Kimarathi na lugha nyingine nyingi za Uhindi. Familia yake ya kuzaliwa ilipinga ushiriki wake katika sarakasi, lakini mume wake alimpa msaada mkubwa. Kabla ya maonyesho yake ya simbamarara, alikuwa maarufu kwa ustadi wake wa mazoezi ya viungo, sarakasi za kuzunguka kwa mikono na maonesho mengine ya hatari. Taarifa chache sana zinajulikana kuhusu historia ya familia yake na maisha yake ya awali. Inaaminika kwamba huenda alitoka katika tawi moja la familia ya Mitra ya Kolkata. Dada yake, Kumudini Devi, pia alikuwa mtumbuizaji katika Great Bengal Circus.<ref name="samsad"/> == Kazi == [[File:Great Bengal Circus pyramid act.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Sushila Sundari katika onesho la piramidi (mstari wa kati upande wa kulia), huku dada yake Kumudini Devi akiwa upande wa kushoto]] [[File:Sushila Sundari with Shumbha and Nishumbha.jpg|thumb|Sushila Sundari akiwa na Shumbha na Nishumbha]] Sushila Sundari alikuwa mmoja wa nyota wakuu wa Great Bengal Circus, iliyomilikiwa na kuongozwa na Profesa Priyanath Bose. Alikuwa mtaalamu wa mazoezi ya viungo na msanii wa trapezi. Pia alikuwa mpanda farasi mahiri. Wakati wa ufunguzi wa maonyesho, yeye na dada yake Kumudini waliingia jukwaani wakiwa wamesimama juu ya farasi waliokuwa wakikimbia. Mnamo Novemba 1896, Great Bengal Circus ilitoa maonesho katika durbar ya Rewa. Mkuu wa Rewa alifurahishwa sana na maonesho hayo kiasi cha kuwazawadia jozi ya simbamarara wa Bengal. Simbamarara hao waliaminika kuiletea timu bahati njema, hivyo wakapewa majina ya Lakshmi na Narayan, kutokana na miungu ya Kihindu. Sushila alijifunza namna ya kuwafundisha na kuwatawala simbamarara hao. Kufikia mwaka 1901, maonesho ya Great Bengal Circus yalikuwa yakimwonyesha Sushila akifanya vitendo vya hatari akiwa pamoja na simbamarara hao wawili. Aliingia ndani ya zizi lao bila hofu na kuwafanya wangurume, wasimame na kuketi kwa amri zake. Pia alicheza nao mieleka ya mikono<ref name="sengupta16112014">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Swadeshi-girls-in-the-ring/articleshow/45163801.cms |title=Swadeshi girls in the ring |last=Sengupta |first=Nandini |date=16 November 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> na kuonyesha hadharani taya zao zilizofunguka. Baadaye alikuwa akijilaza juu yao na kupiga picha. Simbamarara mpya aliyeitwa Fortune alimjeruhi vibaya kwa pigo la makucha yake wakati wa maonesho. Jeraha hilo lilimsababishia ulemavu wa kudumu.<ref name="samsad"/> Baada ya tukio hilo alianza kufundisha mazoezi ya mwili, mieleka, mapigano ya upanga, matumizi ya fimbo, uendeshaji wa baiskeli na upandaji farasi katika ukumbi wa mazoezi (akhra) wa mume wake Motilal Bose. Motilal Bose, ambaye alikuwa mwanafunzi mwenzake na rafiki wa Narendranath Dutta (baadaye Swami Vivekananda), alikuwa mwanamieleka aliyeshirikiana na ndugu yake Priyanath Bose kuanzisha vituo kadhaa vya mazoezi ya viungo, vikiwemo Chingirpota Akhra, ambavyo baadhi ya wanachama wake baadaye walijihusisha na harakati za mapinduzi. Familia ya Bose ilikuwa na makazi mjini Kolkata katika makutano ya Bidhan Sarani na Vivekananda Road. Wanafunzi wengi wa Sushila, wanaume na wanawake, walikuja kushiriki katika harakati za mapambano dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni. Afya yake ilianza kudhoofika na hatimaye alifariki mwaka 1924. Wazee wa eneo aliloishi waliendelea kumkumbuka kama mwanamke mwenye hadhi ya kifalme aliyekuwa akizungumza kwa ustadi na vijana huku akiwa ameandamana na simbamarara aliyefungwa kwa mnyororo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1879|1924}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uhindi]] 5tmkly1kk26wihlrb7b3vmxxx4kxc7i 0 240543 1568992 2026-06-09T06:52:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dolores Vallecita''' (10 Mei 1877 – 13 Januari 1925), aliyefahamika pia kama '''Dolly Vallecita Hill''', alikuwa msanii wa vaudeville wa [[Marekani]] na mkufunzi wa wanyama wa sarakasi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Slide |first=Anthony |year=2012 |title=The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville |location=Jackson |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=13 |isbn=978-1-617-03250-9}}</ref> == Wasifu == Dolores Vallecita alizaliwa tarehe 10 Mei 1877 huko Natchez,...' 1568992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolores Vallecita''' (10 Mei 1877 – 13 Januari 1925), aliyefahamika pia kama '''Dolly Vallecita Hill''', alikuwa msanii wa vaudeville wa [[Marekani]] na mkufunzi wa wanyama wa sarakasi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Slide |first=Anthony |year=2012 |title=The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville |location=Jackson |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=13 |isbn=978-1-617-03250-9}}</ref> == Wasifu == Dolores Vallecita alizaliwa tarehe 10 Mei 1877 huko Natchez, Mississippi, nchini Marekani, ingawa baadhi ya vyanzo vinadai kuwa alizaliwa nchini Hispania. Alipokuwa akifuga farasi wadogo wa Shetland kwa shughuli za kibiashara, alipata fursa ya kukutana na watu wa sarakasi. Vallecita alifanya kazi kama mkufunzi wa wanyama kwa Frank Bostock, na alianza kufundisha wanyama wa porini mwaka 1900. Kadiri muda ulivyopita, alipata shauku kubwa zaidi kwa wanyama hao na kuendelea kujifunza mbinu za kuwafundisha.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tait |first=Peta |date=2011 |title=Wild and Dangerous Performances: Animals, Emotions, Circus |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=110 |doi=10.1057/9780230354012 |isbn=978-0-230-35401-2}}</ref> Mwaka 1905 alifanya maonesho yake ya kwanza katika Makumbusho ya Austin & Stone huko Boston akiwa na puma wawili, [[chui]] mmoja na [[simba]] mmoja. Baadaye alihamia [[Denver]], ambako alinunua chui watano. Vallecita alipata mafanikio makubwa katika maonesho yake yaliyofanyika Luna Park huko [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]]. Hata hivyo, maonesho hayo yalizua mabishano pale Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) ya Massachusetts ilipomshutumu kwa kujitangaza kuwa mwanachama hai wa shirika hilo huku akimiliki chui wakubwa wa India.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 1920 |title=Club Membership Nearing 100,000 Mark |journal=Our Dumb Animals |publisher=Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |volume=52 |issue=10 |page=148}}</ref> Aliwafundisha chui wake sita wa India kufanya mbinu mbalimbali kama vile kuzungusha mipira mikubwa, kutumia msumeno wa mizani (see-saw), kuendesha gurudumu la umeme, kupanga umbo la piramidi na kupiga picha wakiwa katika mikao maalumu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gard |first=Robert Edward |date=1974 |title=Wisconsin Lore: Antics and Anecdotes of Wisconsin People and Places |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Wisconsin House |page=232 |isbn=978-0-883-61008-4}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1907 hadi 1908 alifanya ziara duniani kote na kutumbuiza katika miji mikubwa kama [[London]], [[Berlin]] na [[Havana]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bloomfield |first=Ron |date=2012 |title=Legendary Locals of Bay City, Michigan |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |page=85 |isbn=978-1-467-10019-9}}</ref> Aliolewa na Arthur I. Hill, mfanyabiashara wa wanyama aliyekuwa akiishi [[New York City|New York]]. == Kifo == Dolores Vallecita alifariki tarehe 13 Januari 1925 huko [[Bay City, Michigan]]. Kifo chake kilitokana na ajali iliyotokea wakati mmoja wa chui wake alipomshambulia na kumrarua koo. Alikimbizwa katika Hospitali ya Mercy lakini alifariki muda mfupi baadaye kutokana na majeraha hayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Dave |date=17 Oktoba 2010 |title=Elm Lawn Cemetery Honors Vaudeville Figure Killed Here in 1925 by Leopard |url=http://www.mybaycity.com/scripts/p3_v2/P3V3-0200.cfm?P3_newspaperID=NewspaperID&P3_ArticleID=5314 |website=mybaycity.com |access-date=18 Januari 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1925}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] egxx7fifxnorgmtl2pmj2rht72a4dio 1569015 1568992 2026-06-09T08:41:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolores Vallecita''' (10 Mei 1877 – 13 Januari 1925), aliyefahamika pia kama '''Dolly Vallecita Hill''', alikuwa msanii wa vaudeville wa [[Marekani]] na mkufunzi wa wanyama wa sarakasi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Slide |first=Anthony |year=2012 |title=The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville |location=Jackson |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=13 |isbn=978-1-617-03250-9}}</ref> == Wasifu == Dolores Vallecita alizaliwa tarehe 10 Mei 1877 huko Natchez, Mississippi, nchini Marekani, ingawa baadhi ya vyanzo vinadai kuwa alizaliwa nchini Hispania. Alipokuwa akifuga farasi wadogo wa Shetland kwa shughuli za kibiashara, alipata fursa ya kukutana na watu wa sarakasi. Vallecita alifanya kazi kama mkufunzi wa wanyama kwa Frank Bostock, na alianza kufundisha wanyama wa porini mwaka 1900. Kadiri muda ulivyopita, alipata shauku kubwa zaidi kwa wanyama hao na kuendelea kujifunza mbinu za kuwafundisha.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tait |first=Peta |date=2011 |title=Wild and Dangerous Performances: Animals, Emotions, Circus |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=110 |doi=10.1057/9780230354012 |isbn=978-0-230-35401-2}}</ref> Mwaka 1905 alifanya maonesho yake ya kwanza katika Makumbusho ya Austin & Stone huko Boston akiwa na puma wawili, [[chui]] mmoja na [[simba]] mmoja. Baadaye alihamia [[Denver]], ambako alinunua chui watano. Vallecita alipata mafanikio makubwa katika maonesho yake yaliyofanyika Luna Park huko [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]]. Hata hivyo, maonesho hayo yalizua mabishano pale Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) ya Massachusetts ilipomshutumu kwa kujitangaza kuwa mwanachama hai wa shirika hilo huku akimiliki chui wakubwa wa India.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 1920 |title=Club Membership Nearing 100,000 Mark |journal=Our Dumb Animals |publisher=Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |volume=52 |issue=10 |page=148}}</ref> Aliwafundisha chui wake sita wa India kufanya mbinu mbalimbali kama vile kuzungusha mipira mikubwa, kutumia msumeno wa mizani (see-saw), kuendesha gurudumu la umeme, kupanga umbo la piramidi na kupiga picha wakiwa katika mikao maalumu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gard |first=Robert Edward |date=1974 |title=Wisconsin Lore: Antics and Anecdotes of Wisconsin People and Places |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Wisconsin House |page=232 |isbn=978-0-883-61008-4}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1907 hadi 1908 alifanya ziara duniani kote na kutumbuiza katika miji mikubwa kama [[London]], [[Berlin]] na [[Havana]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bloomfield |first=Ron |date=2012 |title=Legendary Locals of Bay City, Michigan |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |page=85 |isbn=978-1-467-10019-9}}</ref> Aliolewa na Arthur I. Hill, mfanyabiashara wa wanyama aliyekuwa akiishi [[New York City|New York]]. == Kifo == Dolores Vallecita alifariki tarehe 13 Januari 1925 huko [[Bay City, Michigan]]. Kifo chake kilitokana na ajali iliyotokea wakati mmoja wa chui wake alipomshambulia na kumrarua koo. Alikimbizwa katika Hospitali ya Mercy lakini alifariki muda mfupi baadaye kutokana na majeraha hayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Dave |date=17 Oktoba 2010 |title=Elm Lawn Cemetery Honors Vaudeville Figure Killed Here in 1925 by Leopard |url=http://www.mybaycity.com/scripts/p3_v2/P3V3-0200.cfm?P3_newspaperID=NewspaperID&P3_ArticleID=5314 |website=mybaycity.com |access-date=18 Januari 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] o4b4w82cp20h6r7zees4bu8i8zcqlbv 1569075 1569015 2026-06-09T10:09:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1569075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolores Vallecita''' (10 Mei 1877 – 13 Januari 1925), aliyefahamika pia kama '''Dolly Vallecita Hill''', alikuwa msanii wa vaudeville wa [[Marekani]] na mkufunzi wa wanyama wa sarakasi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Slide |first=Anthony |year=2012 |title=The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville |location=Jackson |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=13 |isbn=978-1-617-03250-9}}</ref> == Wasifu == Dolores Vallecita alizaliwa tarehe 10 Mei 1877 huko Natchez, Mississippi, nchini Marekani, ingawa baadhi ya vyanzo vinadai kuwa alizaliwa nchini Hispania. Alipokuwa akifuga farasi wadogo wa Shetland kwa shughuli za kibiashara, alipata fursa ya kukutana na watu wa sarakasi. Vallecita alifanya kazi kama mkufunzi wa wanyama kwa Frank Bostock, na alianza kufundisha wanyama wa porini mwaka 1900. Kadiri muda ulivyopita, alipata shauku kubwa zaidi kwa wanyama hao na kuendelea kujifunza mbinu za kuwafundisha.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tait |first=Peta |date=2011 |title=Wild and Dangerous Performances: Animals, Emotions, Circus |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=110 |doi=10.1057/9780230354012 |isbn=978-0-230-35401-2}}</ref> Mwaka 1905 alifanya maonesho yake ya kwanza katika Makumbusho ya Austin & Stone huko Boston akiwa na puma wawili, [[chui]] mmoja na [[simba]] mmoja. Baadaye alihamia [[Denver]], ambako alinunua chui watano. Vallecita alipata mafanikio makubwa katika maonesho yake yaliyofanyika Luna Park huko [[Scranton, Pennsylvania]]. Hata hivyo, maonesho hayo yalizua mabishano pale Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) ya Massachusetts ilipomshutumu kwa kujitangaza kuwa mwanachama hai wa shirika hilo huku akimiliki chui wakubwa wa India.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=March 1920 |title=Club Membership Nearing 100,000 Mark |journal=Our Dumb Animals |publisher=Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals |volume=52 |issue=10 |page=148}}</ref> Aliwafundisha chui wake sita wa India kufanya mbinu mbalimbali kama vile kuzungusha mipira mikubwa, kutumia msumeno wa mizani (see-saw), kuendesha gurudumu la umeme, kupanga umbo la piramidi na kupiga picha wakiwa katika mikao maalumu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gard |first=Robert Edward |date=1974 |title=Wisconsin Lore: Antics and Anecdotes of Wisconsin People and Places |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=Wisconsin House |page=232 |isbn=978-0-883-61008-4}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1907 hadi 1908 alifanya ziara duniani kote na kutumbuiza katika miji mikubwa kama [[London]], [[Berlin]] na [[Havana]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bloomfield |first=Ron |date=2012 |title=Legendary Locals of Bay City, Michigan |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |page=85 |isbn=978-1-467-10019-9}}</ref> Aliolewa na Arthur I. Hill, mfanyabiashara wa wanyama aliyekuwa akiishi [[New York City|New York]]. == Kifo == Dolores Vallecita alifariki tarehe 13 Januari 1925 huko [[Bay City, Michigan]]. Kifo chake kilitokana na ajali iliyotokea wakati mmoja wa chui wake alipomshambulia na kumrarua koo. Alikimbizwa katika Hospitali ya Mercy lakini alifariki muda mfupi baadaye kutokana na majeraha hayo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Rogers |first=Dave |date=17 Oktoba 2010 |title=Elm Lawn Cemetery Honors Vaudeville Figure Killed Here in 1925 by Leopard |url=http://www.mybaycity.com/scripts/p3_v2/P3V3-0200.cfm?P3_newspaperID=NewspaperID&P3_ArticleID=5314 |website=mybaycity.com |access-date=18 Januari 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1877|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 4w5bydx4musy3yjmu3sisn0ph2hxx8c 0 240544 1568993 2026-06-09T06:55:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isaac A. Van Amburgh''' (26 Mei 1808 – 29 Novemba 1865) alikuwa mkufunzi wa wanyama kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyebuni maonesho ya kwanza ya kisasa ya wanyama pori waliofunzwa.<ref name="Culhane20">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', Henry Holt and Company, 1990, uk. 20.</ref> Kwa kuanzisha maonesho ya wanyama wa porini katika sarakasi, Van Amburgh alifungua njia ya kuunganisha maonesho ya wanyama (menagerie) na sarakasi.<ref name="Culhane17">Culhane,...' 1568993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac A. Van Amburgh''' (26 Mei 1808 – 29 Novemba 1865) alikuwa mkufunzi wa wanyama kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyebuni maonesho ya kwanza ya kisasa ya wanyama pori waliofunzwa.<ref name="Culhane20">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', Henry Holt and Company, 1990, uk. 20.</ref> Kwa kuanzisha maonesho ya wanyama wa porini katika sarakasi, Van Amburgh alifungua njia ya kuunganisha maonesho ya wanyama (menagerie) na sarakasi.<ref name="Culhane17">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', Henry Holt and Company, 1990, uk. 17.</ref> Baadaye, maonesho ya wanyama yalianza kujumuisha maonesho ya wapanda farasi na wachekeshaji katika ulingo wa sarakasi. Hatimaye tofauti kati ya sarakasi na menagerie ilififia.<ref name="Culhane17" /> Kutoka kuwa msafishaji wa vizimba katika Taasisi ya Wanyama ya New York, Van Amburgh alipata umaarufu haraka kwa vitendo vyake vya ujasiri, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuweka mkono wake wazi na hata kichwa chake ndani ya taya za simba na paka wengine wa porini.<ref name="History">''History Magazine'', "Step Right Up", Oktoba/Novemba 2001.</ref> Alijulikana pia kwa namna yake ya kutawala wanyama wake, jambo lililompatia jina la utani la '''"Mfalme wa Simba"'''.<ref name="Culhane17" /> Licha ya kukosolewa kwa namna alivyowatendea wanyama wake, Van Amburgh aliendelea kuwa maarufu na mwenye mafanikio. Alianzisha menagerie yake mwenyewe na kuipeleka Ulaya. Alifariki akiwa tajiri, na jina lake liliendelea kutumiwa katika ulimwengu wa sarakasi kwa zaidi ya karne moja baada ya kifo chake.<ref name="Culhane149">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', Henry Holt and Company, 1990, uk. 149.</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Isaac A. Van Amburgh alizaliwa tarehe 26 Mei 1808 katika mji wa Fishkill, jimbo la New York, Marekani.<ref name="Culhane20" /> Baba yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto mchanga, jambo lililomwacha yeye na mama yake katika hali ngumu ya maisha. Kulingana na mwandishi Richard Horne katika kitabu ''The Life of Van Amburgh, the Brute-Tamer'', usiku kabla ya kuzaliwa kwake mama yake aliota ndoto ya ajabu iliyohusisha simba. Ndoto hiyo baadaye ilitafsiriwa kuwa ishara ya maisha ya baadaye ya mwanawe kama mkufunzi wa simba.<ref name="Horne">Horne, Richard. ''The Life of Van Amburgh, the Brute-Tamer'', 1838.</ref> Inasemekana kuwa akiwa mtoto alisoma simulizi la nabii Danieli katika tundu la simba katika Biblia na tangu hapo alitamani kuwa mkufunzi wa simba.<ref name="Rose">Johnson, William M. ''The Rose-Tinted Menagerie''.</ref> Tofauti na watoto wengine, Isaac alipenda kutumia muda wake akiwa karibu na panya na wadudu mbalimbali, akiwafuga na kuwafunza. Baadaye alijulikana katika eneo lake kwa uwezo wake wa kushughulikia wanyama waliokuwa wakisababisha matatizo kwenye mashamba na makazi ya watu.<ref name="Horne" /> == Taasisi ya Wanyama ya New York == Akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na tisa, Van Amburgh aliondoka nyumbani kwao Peekskill kwenda kutafuta kazi katika North Salem, New York.<ref name="Culhane20" /> Huko alipata kazi ya kusafisha vizimba katika Taasisi ya Wanyama ya New York.<ref name="Bunyan">Bunyan, Patrick. ''All Around the Town: Amazing Manhattan Facts and Curiosities'', 1999.</ref> Licha ya jina lake, taasisi hiyo haikuwa bustani ya wanyama bali ilikuwa menagerie ndogo ya kusafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine.<ref name="Bunyan" /> Van Amburgh alionyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kuwafunza wanyama wa porini waliokuwa kwenye vizimba alivyovisafisha.<ref name="Culhane20" /> Wamiliki wa taasisi hiyo waliona kuwa maonesho ya wanyama waliofunzwa yalikuwa jambo jipya ambalo lingevutia watazamaji wengi. Hivyo wakaanza kumtangaza Van Amburgh akiwa amevaa mavazi yaliyofanana na ya wapiganaji wa Roma ya kale. Wakati wa majira ya baridi aliwafunza wanyama wake katika mabanda ya maeneo ya Westchester na Putnam, New York. Mwaka uliofuata maonesho yake yakaanza kuvutia hadhira kubwa katika Jiji la New York. == Mfalme wa Simba == Mwaka 1833, akiwa na umri wa miaka 22, Van Amburgh aliingia kwenye kizimba chenye simba, chui na wanyama wengine wakali wa porini.<ref name="Culhane20" /> Kitendo hicho kilisababisha mshangao mkubwa miongoni mwa watazamaji na kumfanya kuwa maarufu kote Marekani. Mbali na kuingia ndani ya vizimba vya simba, alijulikana kwa kuweka mkono au kichwa chake ndani ya mdomo wa simba. Mara nyingi hutajwa kuwa mtu wa kwanza kufanya kitendo hicho hadharani.<ref name="Rose" /> == Menagerie ya Van Amburgh == Baada ya kupata umaarufu mkubwa, Van Amburgh alianzisha menagerie yake mwenyewe. Kufikia katikati ya miaka ya 1840, maonesho yake yalikuwa miongoni mwa maonesho makubwa zaidi ya kusafiri nchini Uingereza.<ref name="Rose" /> Maonesho yake yalihusisha simba, chui, kondoo na wanyama wengine mbalimbali. Alipenda kuonyesha wanyama waliokuwa hawaelewani kwa kawaida wakiwa pamoja ili kuthibitisha uwezo wake wa kuwafunza. Miongoni mwa maonesho yake maarufu ilikuwa kupanda mgongoni mwa simba, kulaza simba na mwana-kondoo pamoja, na kuingiza kichwa chake ndani ya mdomo wa simba.<ref>Horne, Richard. ''The Life of Van Amburgh, the Brute-Tamer'', 1838.</ref> == London na Malkia Victoria == Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1830, Van Amburgh alisafiri kwenda Uingereza na sehemu nyingine za Ulaya kuonyesha maonesho yake.<ref name="Virginia">"Circus in America", Chuo Kikuu cha Virginia.</ref> Akiwa Uingereza alitumbuiza mbele ya Malkia Victoria na mume wake, Prince Albert, mwaka 1844.<ref name="Culhane55">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', uk. 55.</ref> Malkia Victoria alivutiwa sana na maonesho yake kiasi kwamba alimwagiza msanii maarufu Edwin Landseer kuchora picha yake akiwa pamoja na simba na wanyama wengine.<ref name="Virginia" /> Mwaka 1839 Malkia Victoria alihudhuria maonesho yake mara sita ndani ya miezi sita tu katika ukumbi wa Drury Lane mjini London.<ref>Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', uk. 39.</ref> == Ukosoaji == Licha ya mafanikio yake, Van Amburgh alikosolewa mara kwa mara kwa ukatili aliowaonyesha wanyama wake.<ref>Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', uk. 31.</ref> Inadaiwa kwamba aliwapiga kwa kutumia vyuma na viboko ili kuwafanya watii.<ref name="History" /> Katika baadhi ya maonesho yake, aliwalazimisha simba kulamba buti zake kama ishara ya ushindi wake dhidi yao.<ref name="Rose" /> Aidha, meneja wake Hyatt Frost alidai kuwa wakati mwingine simba hao walinyimwa chakula kwa siku kadhaa kabla ya maonesho ili wawe rahisi kudhibitiwa.<ref name="Rose" /> Van Amburgh alijitetea kwa kutumia vifungu vya Biblia, akisema kwamba Mungu alimpa mwanadamu mamlaka juu ya wanyama kulingana na Mwanzo 1:26.<ref name="History" /> == Kifo na urithi == Tarehe 29 Novemba 1865, Van Amburgh alipata mshtuko wa moyo mjini Philadelphia na kufariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 57.<ref name="Culhane24">Culhane, John. ''The American Circus'', uk. 24.</ref> Alifariki akiwa tajiri sana. Baada ya kifo chake, jina la Van Amburgh liliendelea kutumiwa katika biashara ya sarakasi kwa miongo mingi. Hata kampuni ya sarakasi ya Ringling Brothers ililikodisha jina hilo mwaka 1889.<ref name="Culhane149" /> == Tazama pia == * Ufunzaji wa simba == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1808|1865}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] icop1j1jxlruh0hkb2u3733wf7rqota 0 240545 1568996 2026-06-09T07:27:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Fukwe]] hadi [[Ufukwe]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1568996 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ufukwe]] 225171etemb74qf2ly1rj4qiu17oqch 0 240546 1569017 2026-06-09T09:08:26Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1569017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ziwa la Bonde la Ufa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Rift lake''), ni aina ya [[ziwa]] linalotengenezwa kutokana na harakati za kijiolojia za matabaka ya ardhi ambapo [[ukoko]] wa dunia unavuta na kupasuka. Harakati hizi zinatengeneza bonde lenye mteremko mkali ambalo baada ya muda hujaa [[maji]]. Maziwa haya yanajulikana kwa sifa zao za kipekee za kiumbo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa marefu, membamba, na yenye kina kirefu sana, huku mara nyingi yakizungukwa na kuta ndefu za miamba au milima mirefu. [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] ni mfano bora na mkubwa zaidi duniani wa eneo lenye mkusanyiko wa maziwa ya namna hii, ambapo mchakato wa kupasuka kwa bara la [[Afrika]] unaendelea hadi sasa.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea jinsi mabonde ya ufa na maziwa yake yanavyoundwa kijiolojia.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yana umuhimu mkubwa wa kimazingira kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuhifadhi kiasi kikubwa cha maji safi duniani. Kwa mfano, [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] (ambalo ni la pili kwa kina duniani) na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] ni mifano halisi ya maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yenye mifumo ya kipekee ya maji na vyanzo vikubwa vya chini ya ardhi vilivyodumu kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Hata hivyo, kutokana na mifumo mingi ya maziwa haya kutokuwa na njia rahisi za kutolea maji (au kuwa na njia chache sana), yanakuwa mepesi kuathiriwa na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]]. Kuongezeka kwa joto duniani kunasababisha uvukizaji mkubwa wa maji, huku mabadiliko ya mvua yakisababisha [[mafuriko]] ya ghafla kando ya [[fukwe]] zake, jambo linalotishia usawa wa kiikolojia wa maziwa hayo.<ref>https://worldlakes.org – Ripoti kutoka Shirika la Kimataifa la Kamati ya Mazingira ya Maziwa (ILEC) kuhusu sifa za kipekee za hidolojia ya Ziwa Tanganyika.</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Bonde la Ufa]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Maziwa]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] g8v6c35t4wtddugr7vbredooqe43wx8 1569018 1569017 2026-06-09T09:15:11Z Laylah26 89982 1569018 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:26 swiatoinos.jpg|thumb|Ziwa la Bonde la Ufa, [[Ziwa Baikal]]]] '''Ziwa la Bonde la Ufa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Rift lake''), ni aina ya [[ziwa]] linalotengenezwa kutokana na harakati za kijiolojia za matabaka ya ardhi ambapo [[ukoko]] wa dunia unavuta na kupasuka. Harakati hizi zinatengeneza bonde lenye mteremko mkali ambalo baada ya muda hujaa [[maji]]. Maziwa haya yanajulikana kwa sifa zao za kipekee za kiumbo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa marefu, membamba, na yenye kina kirefu sana, huku mara nyingi yakizungukwa na kuta ndefu za miamba au milima mirefu. [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] ni mfano bora na mkubwa zaidi duniani wa eneo lenye mkusanyiko wa maziwa ya namna hii, ambapo mchakato wa kupasuka kwa bara la [[Afrika]] unaendelea hadi sasa.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea jinsi mabonde ya ufa na maziwa yake yanavyoundwa kijiolojia.</ref> == Jiografia na Hidolojia == Kijiografia na kihidolojia, maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yana umuhimu mkubwa wa kimazingira kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuhifadhi kiasi kikubwa cha maji safi duniani. Kwa mfano, [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] (ambalo ni la pili kwa kina duniani) na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] ni mifano halisi ya maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yenye mifumo ya kipekee ya maji na vyanzo vikubwa vya chini ya ardhi vilivyodumu kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Hata hivyo, kutokana na mifumo mingi ya maziwa haya kutokuwa na njia rahisi za kutolea maji (au kuwa na njia chache sana), yanakuwa mepesi kuathiriwa na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]]. Kuongezeka kwa joto duniani kunasababisha uvukizaji mkubwa wa maji, huku mabadiliko ya mvua yakisababisha [[mafuriko]] ya ghafla kando ya [[fukwe]] zake, jambo linalotishia usawa wa kiikolojia wa maziwa hayo.<ref>https://worldlakes.org – Ripoti kutoka Shirika la Kimataifa la Kamati ya Mazingira ya Maziwa (ILEC) kuhusu sifa za kipekee za hidolojia ya Ziwa Tanganyika.</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Bonde la Ufa]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Maziwa]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] l7u3bxao03jfq0hx1czsfrri794tatr 1569019 1569018 2026-06-09T09:33:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:26 swiatoinos.jpg|thumb|Ziwa mojawapo la Bonde la Ufa, [[Ziwa Baikal]].]] '''Ziwa la Bonde la Ufa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Rift lake'') ni aina ya [[ziwa]] linalotengenezwa kutokana na harakati za kijiolojia za matabaka ya ardhi ambapo [[ukoko]] wa [[dunia]] unavuta na kupasuka. Harakati hizo zinatengeneza [[bonde]] lenye mteremko mkali ambalo baada ya muda hujaa [[maji]]. Maziwa hayo yanajulikana kwa sifa zao za pekee za kiumbo, zikiwa pamoja na kuwa marefu, membamba, na yenye kina kirefu sana, huku mara nyingi yakizungukwa na [[ukuta|kuta]] ndefu za [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] au [[Mlima|milima]] mirefu. [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] ni mfano bora na mkubwa zaidi duniani wa eneo lenye mkusanyiko wa maziwa ya namna hiyo, ambapo mchakato wa kupasuka kwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]] unaendelea hadi sasa.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea jinsi mabonde ya ufa na maziwa yake yanavyoundwa kijiolojia.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia == Kijiografia na kihidrolojia, maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yana umuhimu mkubwa wa kimazingira kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuhifadhi kiasi kikubwa cha maji safi duniani. [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] (ambalo ni la pili kwa kina duniani) na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] ni mifano halisi ya maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yenye mifumo ya pekee ya maji na vyanzo vikubwa vya chini ya ardhi vilivyodumu kwa [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya miaka. Hata hivyo, kutokana na mifumo mingi ya maziwa hayo kutokuwa na njia rahisi za kutolea maji (au kuwa na njia chache sana), yanakuwa mepesi kuathiriwa na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]]. Kuongezeka kwa joto duniani kunasababisha [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa wa maji, huku mabadiliko ya [[mvua]] yakisababisha [[mafuriko]] ya ghafla kando ya [[fukwe]] zake, jambo linalotishia usawa wa kiikolojia wa maziwa hayo.<ref>https://worldlakes.org – Ripoti kutoka Shirika la Kimataifa la Kamati ya Mazingira ya Maziwa (ILEC) kuhusu sifa za kipekee za hidolojia ya Ziwa Tanganyika.</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Bonde la Ufa]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Maziwa]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] b48zico9w2j7vqpzvolpvdmrcgxygnm 1569020 1569019 2026-06-09T09:35:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:26 swiatoinos.jpg|thumb|Ziwa mojawapo la Bonde la Ufa, [[Ziwa Baikal]] ([[Urusi]]), ambalo lina [[Maji matamu|maji baridi]] mengi kuliko yote duniani.]] '''Ziwa la Bonde la Ufa''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Rift lake'') ni aina ya [[ziwa]] linalotengenezwa kutokana na harakati za kijiolojia za matabaka ya ardhi ambapo [[ukoko]] wa [[dunia]] unavuta na kupasuka. Harakati hizo zinatengeneza [[bonde]] lenye mteremko mkali ambalo baada ya muda hujaa [[maji]]. Maziwa hayo yanajulikana kwa sifa zao za pekee za kiumbo, zikiwa pamoja na kuwa marefu, membamba, na yenye kina kirefu sana, huku mara nyingi yakizungukwa na [[ukuta|kuta]] ndefu za [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] au [[Mlima|milima]] mirefu. [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] ni mfano bora na mkubwa zaidi duniani wa eneo lenye mkusanyiko wa maziwa ya namna hiyo, ambapo mchakato wa kupasuka kwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]] unaendelea hadi sasa.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea jinsi mabonde ya ufa na maziwa yake yanavyoundwa kijiolojia.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia == Kijiografia na kihidrolojia, maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yana umuhimu mkubwa wa kimazingira kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuhifadhi kiasi kikubwa cha maji safi duniani. [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] (ambalo ni la pili kwa kina duniani) na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] ni mifano halisi ya maziwa ya Bonde la Ufa yenye mifumo ya pekee ya maji na vyanzo vikubwa vya chini ya ardhi vilivyodumu kwa [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya miaka. Hata hivyo, kutokana na mifumo mingi ya maziwa hayo kutokuwa na njia rahisi za kutolea maji (au kuwa na njia chache sana), yanakuwa mepesi kuathiriwa na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]]. Kuongezeka kwa joto duniani kunasababisha [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa wa maji, huku mabadiliko ya [[mvua]] yakisababisha [[mafuriko]] ya ghafla kando ya [[fukwe]] zake, jambo linalotishia usawa wa kiikolojia wa maziwa hayo.<ref>https://worldlakes.org – Ripoti kutoka Shirika la Kimataifa la Kamati ya Mazingira ya Maziwa (ILEC) kuhusu sifa za kipekee za hidolojia ya Ziwa Tanganyika.</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Bonde la Ufa]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Maziwa]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] h1bjs0bvmwad8zah1xldt1cowcoml2f 0 240547 1569021 2026-06-09T09:36:31Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1569021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanda wa mafuriko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''floodplain'') ni eneo tambarare la ardhi linalopatikana kando ya [[mto]] au [[kijito]], kuanzia kwenye kingo za mfereji wa mto hadi kwenye kuta za mteremko wa bonde linalouzunguka. Eneo hili hukumbwa na mafuriko pindi mto unapofurika na kujaa maji kupita uwezo wa njia yake ya kawaida, hali inayotokea mara nyingi wakati wa majira ya mvua au kuyeyuka kwa [[theluji]]. Kijiolojia, uwanda huu huundwa na mto wenyewe kupitia michakato ya mmomonyoko wa udongo na uwekaji wa tabaka za mchanga, matope, na masimbi kwa muda mrefu.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood-plain/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua muundo na sehemu za uwanda wa mafuriko.</ref> Wakati mto unapofurika na kutandaza maji yake kwenye uwanda huu, kasi ya mtiririko wa maji hupungua, jambo linalosababisha mto kuacha na kuweka chini chembechembe za udongo zilizobebwa kutoka maeneo ya juu. Kutokana na uwekaji huu wa mfululizo wa masimbi, nyanda za mafuriko huwa na ardhi yenye viwango vya juu vya virutubisho vinavyofaa kwa shughuli za [[kilimo]]. Kihistoria, mifumo ya makazi na uzalishaji wa chakula ya jamii mbalimbali, kama zile za kando ya Mto Nile nchini [[Misri]] na kando ya mito ya Tigris na Eufrates huko Mesopotamia, ilitegemea nyanda hizi kwa ajili ya kilimo.<ref>https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/download/geography/chpt/floodplain.pdf – Ensaiklopidia ya Jiografia inayoelezea historia na umuhimu wa nyanda za mafuriko kama za Mto Nile.</ref> == Kazi ya Kijiografia na Uhifadhi wa Maji == Kiasili, nyanda za mafuriko hufanya kazi ya kuhifadhi maji ya ziada ya mafuriko, hatua inayopunguza kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kwenda upande wa chini wa mto. Maeneo haya juga huchuja masimbi kabla ya maji kurudi kwenye mkondo mkuu na hutengeneza mazingira ya ardhi-nyevu ambayo ni makazi ya aina mbalimbali za [[viumbehai]], [[wanyamapori]], na [[mimea]]. Katika maeneo ambapo binadamu amejenga makazi kwenye nyanda hizi, mifumo ya kihandisi kama vile kuta za kuzuia maji na mabwawa hutumiwa kudhibiti mzunguko wa mafuriko ili kulinda miundombinu. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na ongezeko la watu, usimamizi thabiti wa mabonde ya mito unahitajika ili kuzuia maafa barani [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/climate-change-deepens-african-cities-face-daunting-prospect-more-deadly – Ripoti ya UNEP ikielezea jinsi mabadiliko ya tabianchi yanavyoongeza hatari ya mafuriko kwenye makazi ya watu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] s62wxebruzlqzdzut10nofqg1xsu3yb 1569023 1569021 2026-06-09T09:40:50Z Laylah26 89982 1569023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Paraná River Floodplain.jpg|thumb|Uwanda wa Mafuriko katika [[Mto Parana]]]] '''Uwanda wa mafuriko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''floodplain'') ni eneo tambarare la ardhi linalopatikana kando ya [[mto]] au [[kijito]], kuanzia kwenye kingo za mfereji wa mto hadi kwenye kuta za mteremko wa bonde linalouzunguka. Eneo hili hukumbwa na mafuriko pindi mto unapofurika na kujaa maji kupita uwezo wa njia yake ya kawaida, hali inayotokea mara nyingi wakati wa majira ya mvua au kuyeyuka kwa [[theluji]]. Kijiolojia, uwanda huu huundwa na mto wenyewe kupitia michakato ya mmomonyoko wa udongo na uwekaji wa tabaka za mchanga, matope, na masimbi kwa muda mrefu.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood-plain/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua muundo na sehemu za uwanda wa mafuriko.</ref> Wakati mto unapofurika na kutandaza maji yake kwenye uwanda huu, kasi ya mtiririko wa maji hupungua, jambo linalosababisha mto kuacha na kuweka chini chembechembe za udongo zilizobebwa kutoka maeneo ya juu. Kutokana na uwekaji huu wa mfululizo wa masimbi, nyanda za mafuriko huwa na ardhi yenye viwango vya juu vya virutubisho vinavyofaa kwa shughuli za [[kilimo]]. Kihistoria, mifumo ya makazi na uzalishaji wa chakula ya jamii mbalimbali, kama zile za kando ya Mto Nile nchini [[Misri]] na kando ya mito ya Tigris na Eufrates huko Mesopotamia, ilitegemea nyanda hizi kwa ajili ya kilimo.<ref>https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/download/geography/chpt/floodplain.pdf – Ensaiklopidia ya Jiografia inayoelezea historia na umuhimu wa nyanda za mafuriko kama za Mto Nile.</ref> == Kazi ya Kijiografia na Uhifadhi wa Maji == Kiasili, nyanda za mafuriko hufanya kazi ya kuhifadhi maji ya ziada ya mafuriko, hatua inayopunguza kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kwenda upande wa chini wa mto. Maeneo haya juga huchuja masimbi kabla ya maji kurudi kwenye mkondo mkuu na hutengeneza mazingira ya ardhi-nyevu ambayo ni makazi ya aina mbalimbali za [[viumbehai]], [[wanyamapori]], na [[mimea]]. Katika maeneo ambapo binadamu amejenga makazi kwenye nyanda hizi, mifumo ya kihandisi kama vile kuta za kuzuia maji na mabwawa hutumiwa kudhibiti mzunguko wa mafuriko ili kulinda miundombinu. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na ongezeko la watu, usimamizi thabiti wa mabonde ya mito unahitajika ili kuzuia maafa barani [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/climate-change-deepens-african-cities-face-daunting-prospect-more-deadly – Ripoti ya UNEP ikielezea jinsi mabadiliko ya tabianchi yanavyoongeza hatari ya mafuriko kwenye makazi ya watu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 4qg0y84dil13i5jah9a62kl0phdq1wp 1569024 1569023 2026-06-09T09:45:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanda wa mafuriko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''floodplain'') ni eneo tambarare la ardhi linalopatikana kando ya [[mto]] au [[kijito]], kuanzia kwenye kingo za mfereji wa mto hadi kwenye kuta za mteremko wa [[bonde]] linalouzunguka. Eneo hilo hukumbwa na [[mafuriko]] pindi mto unapojaa [[maji]] kupita uwezo wa [[njia]] yake ya kawaida, hali inayotokea mara nyingi wakati wa [[majira ya mvua]] au kuyeyuka kwa [[theluji]]. [[jiolojia|Kijiolojia]], uwanda huo huundwa na mto wenyewe kupitia michakato ya mmomonyoko wa [[udongo]] na uwekaji wa tabaka za [[mchanga]], [[matope]], na masimbi kwa muda mrefu.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood-plain/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua muundo na sehemu za uwanda wa mafuriko.</ref> Wakati mto unapofurika na kutandaza maji yake kwenye uwanda huo, [[kasi]] ya mtiririko wa maji hupungua, jambo linalosababisha mto kuacha chini chembechembe za udongo zilizobebwa kutoka maeneo ya juu. Kutokana na uwekaji huo wa mfululizo wa masimbi, nyanda za mafuriko huwa na ardhi yenye viwango vya juu vya [[Rutuba|virutubisho]] vinavyofaa kwa shughuli za [[kilimo]]. [[historia|Kihistoria]], mifumo ya makazi na [[uzalishaji]] wa [[chakula]] ya jamii mbalimbali, kama zile za kando ya [[Nile|Mto Nile]] nchini [[Misri]] na kando ya mito [[Hidekeli|Tigris]] na [[Frati|Eufrate]] huko [[Mesopotamia]], ilitegemea nyanda hizo kwa ajili ya kilimo.<ref>https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/download/geography/chpt/floodplain.pdf – Ensaiklopidia ya Jiografia inayoelezea historia na umuhimu wa nyanda za mafuriko kama za Mto Nile.</ref> == Kazi ya kijiografia na uhifadhi wa maji == Kiasili, nyanda za mafuriko hufanya kazi ya kuhifadhi maji ya ziada ya mafuriko, hatua inayopunguza kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kwenda upande wa chini wa mto. Maeneo hayo juga huchuja masimbi kabla ya maji kurudi kwenye mkondo mkuu na hutengeneza mazingira ya ardhi-[[unyevu|nyevu]] ambayo ni makazi ya aina mbalimbali za [[viumbehai]], [[wanyamapori]], na [[mimea]]. Katika maeneo ambapo [[binadamu]] amejenga makazi kwenye nyanda hizo, mifumo ya [[uhandisi|kihandisi]] kama vile kuta za kuzuia maji na [[bwawa|mabwawa]] hutumiwa kudhibiti mzunguko wa mafuriko ili kulinda [[miundombinu]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na [[ongezeko la idadi ya watu]], usimamizi thabiti wa mabonde ya mito unahitajika ili kuzuia maafa barani [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/climate-change-deepens-african-cities-face-daunting-prospect-more-deadly – Ripoti ya UNEP ikielezea jinsi mabadiliko ya tabianchi yanavyoongeza hatari ya mafuriko kwenye makazi ya watu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] avsoeuoluhcnsg2bip9qjxfa1f1x4o7 1569025 1569024 2026-06-09T09:46:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Paraná River Floodplain.jpg|thumb|Uwanda wa mafuriko katika [[Mto Parana]], [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]].]] '''Uwanda wa mafuriko''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''floodplain'') ni eneo tambarare la ardhi linalopatikana kando ya [[mto]] au [[kijito]], kuanzia kwenye kingo za mfereji wa mto hadi kwenye kuta za mteremko wa [[bonde]] linalouzunguka. Eneo hilo hukumbwa na [[mafuriko]] pindi mto unapojaa [[maji]] kupita uwezo wa [[njia]] yake ya kawaida, hali inayotokea mara nyingi wakati wa [[majira ya mvua]] au kuyeyuka kwa [[theluji]]. [[jiolojia|Kijiolojia]], uwanda huo huundwa na mto wenyewe kupitia michakato ya mmomonyoko wa [[udongo]] na uwekaji wa tabaka za [[mchanga]], [[matope]], na masimbi kwa muda mrefu.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/flood-plain/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua muundo na sehemu za uwanda wa mafuriko.</ref> Wakati mto unapofurika na kutandaza maji yake kwenye uwanda huo, [[kasi]] ya mtiririko wa maji hupungua, jambo linalosababisha mto kuacha chini chembechembe za udongo zilizobebwa kutoka maeneo ya juu. Kutokana na uwekaji huo wa mfululizo wa masimbi, nyanda za mafuriko huwa na ardhi yenye viwango vya juu vya [[Rutuba|virutubisho]] vinavyofaa kwa shughuli za [[kilimo]]. [[historia|Kihistoria]], mifumo ya makazi na [[uzalishaji]] wa [[chakula]] ya jamii mbalimbali, kama zile za kando ya [[Nile|Mto Nile]] nchini [[Misri]] na kando ya mito [[Hidekeli|Tigris]] na [[Frati|Eufrate]] huko [[Mesopotamia]], ilitegemea nyanda hizo kwa ajili ya kilimo.<ref>https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/download/geography/chpt/floodplain.pdf – Ensaiklopidia ya Jiografia inayoelezea historia na umuhimu wa nyanda za mafuriko kama za Mto Nile.</ref> == Kazi ya kijiografia na uhifadhi wa maji == Kiasili, nyanda za mafuriko hufanya kazi ya kuhifadhi maji ya ziada ya mafuriko, hatua inayopunguza kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kwenda upande wa chini wa mto. Maeneo hayo juga huchuja masimbi kabla ya maji kurudi kwenye mkondo mkuu na hutengeneza mazingira ya ardhi-[[unyevu|nyevu]] ambayo ni makazi ya aina mbalimbali za [[viumbehai]], [[wanyamapori]], na [[mimea]]. Katika maeneo ambapo [[binadamu]] amejenga makazi kwenye nyanda hizo, mifumo ya [[uhandisi|kihandisi]] kama vile kuta za kuzuia maji na [[bwawa|mabwawa]] hutumiwa kudhibiti mzunguko wa mafuriko ili kulinda [[miundombinu]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] na [[ongezeko la idadi ya watu]], usimamizi thabiti wa mabonde ya mito unahitajika ili kuzuia maafa barani [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/climate-change-deepens-african-cities-face-daunting-prospect-more-deadly – Ripoti ya UNEP ikielezea jinsi mabadiliko ya tabianchi yanavyoongeza hatari ya mafuriko kwenye makazi ya watu barani Afrika.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 1gpy8kr6t2o4gg4v8ypyu0xvwlzwqlw 3 240548 1569026 2026-06-09T09:48:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569026 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) a2ozymqcdgn1uywb93hrp301o3ub53q 3 240549 1569027 2026-06-09T09:48:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569027 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) a2ozymqcdgn1uywb93hrp301o3ub53q 3 240550 1569028 2026-06-09T09:48:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569028 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) a2ozymqcdgn1uywb93hrp301o3ub53q 3 240551 1569029 2026-06-09T09:48:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569029 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) a2ozymqcdgn1uywb93hrp301o3ub53q 3 240552 1569030 2026-06-09T09:48:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569030 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) a2ozymqcdgn1uywb93hrp301o3ub53q 3 240553 1569031 2026-06-09T09:49:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569031 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 3 240554 1569032 2026-06-09T09:49:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569032 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 3 240555 1569033 2026-06-09T09:49:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569033 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 3 240556 1569034 2026-06-09T09:49:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569034 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 14 240557 1569035 2026-06-09T09:49:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanawake nchi kwa nchi|P]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Marekani|P]] [[Jamii:watu wa Puerto Rico]]' 1569035 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanawake nchi kwa nchi|P]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Marekani|P]] [[Jamii:watu wa Puerto Rico]] 772w593thj0prnl0d8bbjdrxg0wiypf 3 240558 1569036 2026-06-09T09:49:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569036 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 3 240559 1569037 2026-06-09T09:49:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569037 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cs0nv6cyo53jo940n8zgjngt5hsq9r9 3 240560 1569038 2026-06-09T09:50:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569038 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240561 1569039 2026-06-09T09:50:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569039 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240562 1569040 2026-06-09T09:50:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569040 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240563 1569041 2026-06-09T09:50:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569041 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240564 1569042 2026-06-09T09:50:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569042 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240565 1569043 2026-06-09T09:50:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569043 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) opku2kc6upic2nvcwrjq6kwf4ex18ji 3 240566 1569044 2026-06-09T09:51:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569044 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 3 240567 1569045 2026-06-09T09:51:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569045 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 14 240568 1569046 2026-06-09T09:51:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moroko|F]]' 1569046 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moroko|F]] 92m0zi3n6x9e53a3rk43ejcgrvy533z 3 240569 1569047 2026-06-09T09:51:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569047 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 3 240570 1569048 2026-06-09T09:51:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569048 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 3 240571 1569049 2026-06-09T09:51:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569049 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 3 240572 1569050 2026-06-09T09:51:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569050 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) ak1df55x4qzyisdj58iz88v3h7reh16 3 240573 1569051 2026-06-09T09:52:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569051 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cczy0631sp0xpyyetla73sm8qn3glcu 3 240574 1569052 2026-06-09T09:52:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569052 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cczy0631sp0xpyyetla73sm8qn3glcu 14 240575 1569053 2026-06-09T09:52:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:marais|P]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Pakistan]]' 1569053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:marais|P]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Pakistan]] 5jl1d9nj7skrqiamdltia1lrh858khg 3 240576 1569054 2026-06-09T09:52:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569054 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cczy0631sp0xpyyetla73sm8qn3glcu 3 240577 1569055 2026-06-09T09:52:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1569055 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) cczy0631sp0xpyyetla73sm8qn3glcu 14 240578 1569074 2026-06-09T10:03:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Commonscat|Actors from Mexico}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko]]' 1569074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Actors from Mexico}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko]] 2aj3gmrceq9akdw5671hd2n8cnjt31s 0 240579 1569076 2026-06-09T10:11:42Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1569076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mto wa chini ya ardhi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''subterranean river'' au ''underground river'') ni mto unaotiririka kikamilifu au kwa kiasi kikubwa chini ya uso wa ardhi, ambapo mkondo wa maji haupatikani wazi katika mazingira ya nje. Mito hii hutofautiana na mifumo ya kawaida ya maji ya chini ya ardhi kwa kuwa ina mkondo unaotiririka kwa kasi na nguvu ndani ya mapango au nyufa kubwa za miamba, ikifuata tabia za mtiririko wa mito ya juu ya ardhi.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea sifa za kifizikia na tabia za mtiririko wa maji na mito ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mifumo hii ya mito mara nyingi huundwa katika maeneo yenye topografia ya karst, ambapo miamba inayoyeyuka kwa urahisi kama vile chokaa (limestone), rishai (gypsum), au dulumiti (dolomite) huliwa na maji yenye asidi kidogo kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Mchakato huu wa kikemikali hutengeneza nyufa, mifereji, na mifumo mikubwa ya mapango ya chini ya ardhi ambapo maji ya juu ya ardhi yanaweza kuzama kupitia matundu maalum (sinkholes) na kuanza kutiririka chini ya ardhi. Katika baadhi ya matukio, mito hii inaweza kuibuka tena juu ya uso wa ardhi kama [[chemchemi]] kubwa au kuendelea kutiririka hadi kuingia [[bahari|baharini]] ikiwa chini ya ardhi.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Mamlaka ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikifafanua jinsi miamba ya karst inavyoyeyuka na kutengeneza mifumo ya maji ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Utafiti na umuhimu wa mazingira == Utafiti na uandishi wa mifumo ya mito ya chini ya ardhi hufanywa kupitia fani za haidrolojia (hydrogeology) na speleolojia (speleology). Kimazingira, mito hii ni vyanzo muhimu vya maji safi katika maeneo mengi duniani, ingawa iko katika hatari kubwa ya [[uchafuzi wa maji|kuchafuliwa]] kwa urahisi kwa sababu miamba ya karst haina uwezo mkubwa wa kuchuja vichafuzi vinavyotoka juu ya ardhi. Vilevile, mito hii huwa na mifumo ya kipekee ya ikolojia inayohifadhi viumbehai maalum waliozoea mazingira ya giza totoro, kama vile aina fulani za [[samaki]] na kamba wasio na macho au rangi (troglobites). Katika mazingira ya [[Afrika]], uhifadhi wa mifumo hii ni muhimu kwa kuwa inasaidia ustawi wa vyanzo vya maji na mifumo ikolojia katika maeneo yenye ukame.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za usimamizi na ulinzi wa mazingira ya karst dhidi ya uchafuzi.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya mifumo mikubwa ya mito ya chini ya ardhi duniani ni pamoja na: * Mto wa Chini ya Ardhi wa Puerto Princesa (nchini [[Filipino]]) * Mfumo wa Sac Actun (nchini [[Meksiko]]) * Mto Phong Nha (nchini [[Vietnam]]) == Tazama pia == * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] rv7bibn1fvkix9zw19pncyuiclh9tz4 1569077 1569076 2026-06-09T10:15:24Z Laylah26 89982 1569077 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Burger OtokKriznaJama.jpg|thumb|Mto wa chini ya ardhi ndani ya Pango la Cross (Križna jama), [[Slovenia]]]] '''Mto wa chini ya ardhi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''subterranean river'' au ''underground river'') ni mto unaotiririka kikamilifu au kwa kiasi kikubwa chini ya uso wa ardhi, ambapo mkondo wa maji haupatikani wazi katika mazingira ya nje. Mito hii hutofautiana na mifumo ya kawaida ya maji ya chini ya ardhi kwa kuwa ina mkondo unaotiririka kwa kasi na nguvu ndani ya mapango au nyufa kubwa za miamba, ikifuata tabia za mtiririko wa mito ya juu ya ardhi.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea sifa za kifizikia na tabia za mtiririko wa maji na mito ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mifumo hii ya mito mara nyingi huundwa katika maeneo yenye topografia ya karst, ambapo miamba inayoyeyuka kwa urahisi kama vile chokaa (limestone), rishai (gypsum), au dulumiti (dolomite) huliwa na maji yenye asidi kidogo kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Mchakato huu wa kikemikali hutengeneza nyufa, mifereji, na mifumo mikubwa ya mapango ya chini ya ardhi ambapo maji ya juu ya ardhi yanaweza kuzama kupitia matundu maalum (sinkholes) na kuanza kutiririka chini ya ardhi. Katika baadhi ya matukio, mito hii inaweza kuibuka tena juu ya uso wa ardhi kama [[chemchemi]] kubwa au kuendelea kutiririka hadi kuingia [[bahari|baharini]] ikiwa chini ya ardhi.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Mamlaka ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikifafanua jinsi miamba ya karst inavyoyeyuka na kutengeneza mifumo ya maji ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Utafiti na umuhimu wa mazingira == Utafiti na uandishi wa mifumo ya mito ya chini ya ardhi hufanywa kupitia fani za haidrolojia (hydrogeology) na speleolojia (speleology). Kimazingira, mito hii ni vyanzo muhimu vya maji safi katika maeneo mengi duniani, ingawa iko katika hatari kubwa ya [[uchafuzi wa maji|kuchafuliwa]] kwa urahisi kwa sababu miamba ya karst haina uwezo mkubwa wa kuchuja vichafuzi vinavyotoka juu ya ardhi. Vilevile, mito hii huwa na mifumo ya kipekee ya ikolojia inayohifadhi viumbehai maalum waliozoea mazingira ya giza totoro, kama vile aina fulani za [[samaki]] na kamba wasio na macho au rangi (troglobites). Katika mazingira ya [[Afrika]], uhifadhi wa mifumo hii ni muhimu kwa kuwa inasaidia ustawi wa vyanzo vya maji na mifumo ikolojia katika maeneo yenye ukame.<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za usimamizi na ulinzi wa mazingira ya karst dhidi ya uchafuzi.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya mifumo mikubwa ya mito ya chini ya ardhi duniani ni pamoja na: * Mto wa Chini ya Ardhi wa Puerto Princesa (nchini [[Filipino]]) * Mfumo wa Sac Actun (nchini [[Meksiko]]) * Mto Phong Nha (nchini [[Vietnam]]) == Tazama pia == * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] kyi2xmvmtz1pk94o1958jca9rn8r4nl 1569102 1569077 2026-06-09T11:42:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Burger OtokKriznaJama.jpg|thumb|Mto wa chini ya ardhi ndani ya Pango la Msalaba (Križna jama), [[Slovenia]]]] '''Mto wa chini ya ardhi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''subterranean river'' au ''underground river'') ni [[mto]] unaotiririka kikamilifu au kwa kiasi kikubwa chini ya uso wa ardhi, ambapo mkondo wa [[maji]] haupatikani wazi katika [[mazingira]] ya nje. Mito hiyo hutofautiana na mifumo ya kawaida ya maji ya chini ya ardhi kwa kuwa ina mkondo unaotiririka kwa [[kasi]] na [[nguvu]] ndani ya [[pango|mapango]] au [[ufa|nyufa]] kubwa za [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]], ikifuata [[tabia]] za mtiririko wa mito ya juu ya ardhi.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica ikielezea sifa za kifizikia na tabia za mtiririko wa maji na mito ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mifumo hiyo ya mito mara nyingi huundwa katika maeneo yenye topografia ya karst, ambapo miamba inayoyeyuka kwa urahisi kama vile [[Gange|chokaa]] (limestone), [[rishai]] (gypsum), au [[dulumiti]] (dolomite) huliwa na maji yenye [[asidi]] kidogo kwa [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya miaka. Mchakato huo wa [[kemia|kikemia]] hutengeneza nyufa, [[Mfereji|mifereji]], na mifumo mikubwa ya mapango ya chini ya ardhi ambapo maji ya juu ya ardhi yanaweza kuzama kupitia matundu maalumu (sinkholes) na kuanza kutiririka chini ya ardhi. Katika baadhi ya matukio, mito hiyo inaweza kuibuka tena juu ya uso wa ardhi kama [[chemchemi]] kubwa au kuendelea kutiririka hadi kuingia [[bahari|baharini]] ikiwa chini ya ardhi.<ref>https://usgs.gov – Mamlaka ya Utafiti wa Kijiolojia ya Marekani (USGS) ikifafanua jinsi miamba ya karst inavyoyeyuka na kutengeneza mifumo ya maji ya chini ya ardhi.</ref> == Utafiti na umuhimu wa mazingira == [[Utafiti]] na uandishi wa mifumo ya mito ya chini ya ardhi hufanywa kupitia fani za [[hidrojiolojia]] na [[speleolojia]]. Kimazingira, mito hiyo ni vyanzo muhimu vya maji safi katika maeneo mengi [[Dunia|duniani]], ingawa iko katika hatari kubwa ya [[uchafuzi wa maji|kuchafuliwa]] kwa urahisi kwa sababu miamba ya karst haina uwezo mkubwa wa kuchuja vichafuzi vinavyotoka juu ya ardhi. Vilevile, mito hiyo huwa na mifumo ya pekee ya [[ekolojia]] inayohifadhi [[Kiumbehai|viumbehai]] maalumu waliozoea mazingira ya [[giza]] totoro, kama vile aina fulani za [[samaki]] na [[Kamba (gegereka)|kamba]] wasio na [[Jicho|macho]] au [[rangi]] (troglobites). Katika mazingira ya [[Afrika]], uhifadhi wa mifumo hiyo ni muhimu kwa kuwa inasaidia [[ustawi]] wa vyanzo vya maji na mifumo ekolojia katika maeneo yenye [[ukame]].<ref>https://unep.org – Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Mazingira (UNEP) likielezea changamoto za usimamizi na ulinzi wa mazingira ya karst dhidi ya uchafuzi.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya mifumo mikubwa ya mito ya chini ya ardhi duniani ni pamoja na: * Mto wa Chini ya Ardhi wa Puerto Princesa (nchini [[Filipino]]) * Mfumo wa Sac Actun (nchini [[Meksiko]]) * Mto Phong Nha (nchini [[Vietnam]]) == Tazama pia == * [[Chemchemi joto]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:mito]] [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] mv94xjal1twmoifafqj7o46k3jbz2os 0 240580 1569079 2026-06-09T10:41:28Z Laylah26 89982 Kuanzisha makala 1569079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koo la mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''river gorge'' au ''canyon'') ni [[bonde]] jembamba na refu lenye kuta zenye mteremko mkali sana wa [[miamba]]. Umbo hili limeundwa kupitia mchakato wa mmomonyoko wa [[udongo]] na miamba unaosababishwa na mtiririko wa [[mto]] kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Tofauti na mabonde ya kawaida ya mito ambayo huwa na umbo la herufi "V" iliyopanuka, koo la mto huwa na sifa ya kuwa na kuta zilizo wima au zenye umbo la "U". Hali hii inasababishwa na nguvu ya mto kukata chini zaidi kuliko mmomonyoko wa pembeni.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gorge/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua jinsi koo za mito (gorges) zinavyoundwa kwa mmomonyoko wa maji.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mchakato wa uundaji wa koo la mto hutokea pale ambapo mto unapotiririka katika eneo lililochanika au lililoinuliwa kijiolojia (uplift). Pia hutokea katika maeneo ambayo miamba yake ni migumu kiasi cha kuzuia kuta za bonde kuporomoka kwa urahisi.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/canyon/ – Taarifa za National Geographic kuhusu uundaji wa korongo (canyons) kupitia harakati za kijiolojia na mtiririko wa mito.</ref> Mto unavyozidi kutiririka kwa kasi na kubeba masimbi kama mawe na mchanga, unazidi kuweka msuguano mkubwa chini ya ardhi na kuchonga njia ya kwenda chini kabisa. Mara nyingi, miundo hii hupatikana katika maeneo ya milimani, nyanda za juu (plateaus), au katika maeneo ya miamba ya chokaa (karst) ambapo maji huyeyusha miamba na kutengeneza mifumo ambayo hatimaye dari zake huporomoka na kuacha korongo wazi. == Uhifadhi na umuhimu wa kimazingira == Kimazingira, koo za mito huwa na mifumo ya kipekee ya ikolojia kwa sababu kuta zake ndefu huzuia mwanga wa jua wa moja kwa moja na upepo. Hali hii inatengeneza mazingira madogo ya hewa (microclimate) yenye unyevunyevu na joto la chini ikilinganishwa na maeneo ya juu yanayozunguka. Katika uhandisi wa binadamu, maeneo haya hutumiwa mara nyingi kwa ajili ya ujenzi wa mabwawa ya kufua [[umeme]] wa maji (hydroelectric dams) kutokana na kuta zake za asili kuwa thabiti na kutoa nafasi nzuri ya kuzuia maji ya mto. Hata hivyo, ujenzi huo hubadili mfumo wa asili wa mtiririko wa [[maji]], unazuia usafiri wa samaki, na unaathiri ustawi wa luteka na fukwe za upande wa chini wa mto.<ref>https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/hydropower-and-the-environment.php – Idara ya Taarifa za Nishati ya Marekani (EIA) ikielezea athari za kimazingira za mabwawa ya umeme kwenye mifumo ya mito.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya koo za mito duniani ni pamoja na: * Korongo Kuu la Marekani (Grand Canyon) lililoundwa na [[Mto Colorado]] (nchini [[Marekani]]) * Koo la Mto Blyde (Blyde River Canyon nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]) * Koo za mito katika mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] == Angalia pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Uwanda wa mafuriko]] * [[Mto wa chini ya ardhi]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] tey6pzwh2k5uj7zgmupb5gtnq9zbfj4 1569080 1569079 2026-06-09T10:47:32Z Laylah26 89982 1569080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of canyons.jpg|thumb|Koo la mto, [[Arizona]], kwenye makutano ya [[Mto Colorado]] na Tawi la Mto Colorado.]] '''Koo la mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''river gorge'' au ''canyon'') ni [[bonde]] jembamba na refu lenye kuta zenye mteremko mkali sana wa [[miamba]]. Umbo hili limeundwa kupitia mchakato wa mmomonyoko wa [[udongo]] na miamba unaosababishwa na mtiririko wa [[mto]] kwa mamilioni ya miaka. Tofauti na mabonde ya kawaida ya mito ambayo huwa na umbo la herufi "V" iliyopanuka, koo la mto huwa na sifa ya kuwa na kuta zilizo wima au zenye umbo la "U". Hali hii inasababishwa na nguvu ya mto kukata chini zaidi kuliko mmomonyoko wa pembeni.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gorge/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua jinsi koo za mito (gorges) zinavyoundwa kwa mmomonyoko wa maji.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mchakato wa uundaji wa koo la mto hutokea pale ambapo mto unapotiririka katika eneo lililochanika au lililoinuliwa kijiolojia (uplift). Pia hutokea katika maeneo ambayo miamba yake ni migumu kiasi cha kuzuia kuta za bonde kuporomoka kwa urahisi.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/canyon/ – Taarifa za National Geographic kuhusu uundaji wa korongo (canyons) kupitia harakati za kijiolojia na mtiririko wa mito.</ref> Mto unavyozidi kutiririka kwa kasi na kubeba masimbi kama mawe na mchanga, unazidi kuweka msuguano mkubwa chini ya ardhi na kuchonga njia ya kwenda chini kabisa. Mara nyingi, miundo hii hupatikana katika maeneo ya milimani, nyanda za juu (plateaus), au katika maeneo ya miamba ya chokaa (karst) ambapo maji huyeyusha miamba na kutengeneza mifumo ambayo hatimaye dari zake huporomoka na kuacha korongo wazi. == Uhifadhi na umuhimu wa kimazingira == Kimazingira, koo za mito huwa na mifumo ya kipekee ya ikolojia kwa sababu kuta zake ndefu huzuia mwanga wa jua wa moja kwa moja na upepo. Hali hii inatengeneza mazingira madogo ya hewa (microclimate) yenye unyevunyevu na joto la chini ikilinganishwa na maeneo ya juu yanayozunguka. Katika uhandisi wa binadamu, maeneo haya hutumiwa mara nyingi kwa ajili ya ujenzi wa mabwawa ya kufua [[umeme]] wa maji (hydroelectric dams) kutokana na kuta zake za asili kuwa thabiti na kutoa nafasi nzuri ya kuzuia maji ya mto. Hata hivyo, ujenzi huo hubadili mfumo wa asili wa mtiririko wa [[maji]], unazuia usafiri wa samaki, na unaathiri ustawi wa luteka na fukwe za upande wa chini wa mto.<ref>https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/hydropower-and-the-environment.php – Idara ya Taarifa za Nishati ya Marekani (EIA) ikielezea athari za kimazingira za mabwawa ya umeme kwenye mifumo ya mito.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya koo za mito duniani ni pamoja na: * Korongo Kuu la Marekani (Grand Canyon) lililoundwa na [[Mto Colorado]] (nchini [[Marekani]]) * Koo la Mto Blyde (Blyde River Canyon nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]) * Koo za mito katika mfumo wa [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]] == Angalia pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Uwanda wa mafuriko]] * [[Mto wa chini ya ardhi]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] syqyh7np6gofh2rohcd3czfbobj277z 1569105 1569080 2026-06-09T11:55:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569105 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of canyons.jpg|thumb|Koo la mto, [[Arizona]], kwenye makutano ya [[Mto Colorado]] na tawimto lake.]] '''Koo la mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''river gorge'' au ''canyon'') ni [[bonde]] jembamba na refu lenye [[ukuta|kuta]] zenye mteremko mkali sana wa [[miamba]]. [[Umbo]] hilo limeundwa kupitia mchakato wa [[mmomonyoko]] wa [[udongo]] na miamba unaosababishwa na mtiririko wa [[mto]] kwa [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya miaka. Tofauti na mabonde ya kawaida ya mito ambayo huwa na umbo la [[herufi]] "V" iliyopanuka, koo la mto huwa na sifa ya kuwa na kuta zilizo wima au zenye umbo la "U". Hali hii inasababishwa na nguvu ya mto kukata chini zaidi kuliko mmomonyoko wa pembeni.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gorge/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua jinsi koo za mito (gorges) zinavyoundwa kwa mmomonyoko wa maji.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mchakato wa uundaji wa koo la mto hutokea pale ambapo mto unatiririka katika eneo lililochanika au lililoinuliwa [[jiolojia|kijiolojia]] (uplift). Pia hutokea katika maeneo ambayo miamba yake ni migumu kiasi cha kuzuia kuta za bonde kuporomoka kwa urahisi.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/canyon/ – Taarifa za National Geographic kuhusu uundaji wa korongo (canyons) kupitia harakati za kijiolojia na mtiririko wa mito.</ref> Mto unavyozidi kutiririka kwa kasi na kubeba masimbi kama [[Jiwe|mawe]] na [[mchanga]], unazidi kuweka msuguano mkubwa chini ya ardhi na kuchonga [[njia]] ya kwenda chini kabisa. Mara nyingi, miundo hii hupatikana katika maeneo ya milimani, [[nyanda za juu]], au katika maeneo ya [[gange|miamba ya chokaa]] (karst) ambapo maji huyeyusha miamba na kutengeneza mifumo ambayo hatimaye [[dari]] zake huporomoka na kuacha [[Korongo (jiografia)|korongo]] wazi. == Uhifadhi na umuhimu wa kimazingira == Kimazingira, koo za mito huwa na mifumo ya pekee ya [[ekolojia]] kwa sababu kuta zake ndefu huzuia [[Mwanga wa Jua|mwanga]] wa [[jua]] wa moja kwa moja na [[upepo]]. Hali hii inatengeneza mazingira madogo ya hewa (microclimate) yenye unyevunyevu na [[joto]] la chini ikilinganishwa na maeneo ya juu yanayoyazunguka. Katika [[uhandisi]] wa [[binadamu]], maeneo hayo hutumiwa mara nyingi kwa ajili ya [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa ya kufua]] [[umeme]] wa maji kutokana na kuta zake za asili kuwa thabiti na kutoa nafasi nzuri ya kuzuia maji ya mto. Hata hivyo, ujenzi huo hubadili mfumo wa asili wa mtiririko wa [[maji]], unazuia [[usafiri]] wa [[samaki]], na unaathiri ustawi wa luteka na [[Ufukwe|fukwe]] za upande wa chini wa mto.<ref>https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/hydropower-and-the-environment.php – Idara ya Taarifa za Nishati ya Marekani (EIA) ikielezea athari za kimazingira za mabwawa ya umeme kwenye mifumo ya mito.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya koo za mito duniani ni pamoja na: * [[Korongo Kuu la Marekani]] (Grand Canyon) lililoundwa na [[Mto Colorado]] (nchini [[Marekani]]) * [[Koo la Mto Blyde]] (Blyde River Canyon nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]) * Koo za mito katika mfumo wa [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] == Angalia pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Uwanda wa mafuriko]] * [[Mto wa chini ya ardhi]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] j5368yhv376rsdi46rfzah0uryiid4s 1569106 1569105 2026-06-09T11:56:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aerial view of canyons.jpg|thumb|Koo la mto, [[Arizona]], kwenye makutano ya Mto Colorado na [[tawimto]] lake.]] '''Koo la mto''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''river gorge'' au ''canyon'') ni [[bonde]] jembamba na refu lenye [[ukuta|kuta]] zenye mteremko mkali sana wa [[miamba]]. [[Umbo]] hilo limeundwa kupitia mchakato wa [[mmomonyoko]] wa [[udongo]] na miamba unaosababishwa na mtiririko wa [[mto]] kwa [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya miaka. Tofauti na mabonde ya kawaida ya mito ambayo huwa na umbo la [[herufi]] "V" iliyopanuka, koo la mto huwa na sifa ya kuwa na kuta zilizo wima au zenye umbo la "U". Hali hii inasababishwa na nguvu ya mto kukata chini zaidi kuliko mmomonyoko wa pembeni.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gorge/ – Elimu ya Jiografia kutoka National Geographic inayofafanua jinsi koo za mito (gorges) zinavyoundwa kwa mmomonyoko wa maji.</ref> == Muundo na uundwaji wake == Mchakato wa uundaji wa koo la mto hutokea pale ambapo mto unatiririka katika eneo lililochanika au lililoinuliwa [[jiolojia|kijiolojia]] (uplift). Pia hutokea katika maeneo ambayo miamba yake ni migumu kiasi cha kuzuia kuta za bonde kuporomoka kwa urahisi.<ref>https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/canyon/ – Taarifa za National Geographic kuhusu uundaji wa korongo (canyons) kupitia harakati za kijiolojia na mtiririko wa mito.</ref> Mto unavyozidi kutiririka kwa kasi na kubeba masimbi kama [[Jiwe|mawe]] na [[mchanga]], unazidi kuweka msuguano mkubwa chini ya ardhi na kuchonga [[njia]] ya kwenda chini kabisa. Mara nyingi, miundo hii hupatikana katika maeneo ya milimani, [[nyanda za juu]], au katika maeneo ya [[gange|miamba ya chokaa]] (karst) ambapo maji huyeyusha miamba na kutengeneza mifumo ambayo hatimaye [[dari]] zake huporomoka na kuacha [[Korongo (jiografia)|korongo]] wazi. == Uhifadhi na umuhimu wa kimazingira == Kimazingira, koo za mito huwa na mifumo ya pekee ya [[ekolojia]] kwa sababu kuta zake ndefu huzuia [[Mwanga wa Jua|mwanga]] wa [[jua]] wa moja kwa moja na [[upepo]]. Hali hii inatengeneza mazingira madogo ya hewa (microclimate) yenye unyevunyevu na [[joto]] la chini ikilinganishwa na maeneo ya juu yanayoyazunguka. Katika [[uhandisi]] wa [[binadamu]], maeneo hayo hutumiwa mara nyingi kwa ajili ya [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa ya kufua]] [[umeme]] wa maji kutokana na kuta zake za asili kuwa thabiti na kutoa nafasi nzuri ya kuzuia maji ya mto. Hata hivyo, ujenzi huo hubadili mfumo wa asili wa mtiririko wa [[maji]], unazuia [[usafiri]] wa [[samaki]], na unaathiri ustawi wa luteka na [[Ufukwe|fukwe]] za upande wa chini wa mto.<ref>https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/hydropower-and-the-environment.php – Idara ya Taarifa za Nishati ya Marekani (EIA) ikielezea athari za kimazingira za mabwawa ya umeme kwenye mifumo ya mito.</ref> == Mifano == Mifano ya koo za mito duniani ni pamoja na: * [[Korongo Kuu la Marekani]] ([[Grand Canyon]]) lililoundwa na [[Mto Colorado]] (nchini [[Marekani]]) * [[Koo la Mto Blyde]] (Blyde River Canyon nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]) * Koo za mito katika mfumo wa [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] == Angalia pia == * [[Delta ya mto]] * [[Uwanda wa mafuriko]] * [[Mto wa chini ya ardhi]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Jiografia]] [[Jamii:Mito]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] q6ce9qzxgthm9fxbx2jezbckzr9u5cl 3 240581 1569100 2026-06-09T11:37:33Z Idd ninga 30188 /* Ukaribisho */ mjadala mpya 1569100 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ukaribisho == {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC) s9d6bpxopcw8jxsbmhc2n51otk4a8vz 0 240582 1569101 2026-06-09T11:42:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Edward Vandergaw''' (2 Juni 1938 – 30 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwalimu wa shule wa Marekani kutoka [[Anchorage, Alaska]]. Alijulikana kwa kuishi kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 miongoni mwa [[dubu]] katika jimbo la Alaska. Vandergaw alikuwa mhusika mkuu wa filamu ya kumbukumbu ya mwaka 2009 ya Animal Planet iliyoitwa ''Stranger Among Bears''. == Wasifu == Charles Edward Vandergaw alizaliwa tarehe 2 Juni 1938 huko Lakeview, Oregon, [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1964...' 1569101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Edward Vandergaw''' (2 Juni 1938 – 30 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwalimu wa shule wa Marekani kutoka [[Anchorage, Alaska]]. Alijulikana kwa kuishi kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 miongoni mwa [[dubu]] katika jimbo la Alaska. Vandergaw alikuwa mhusika mkuu wa filamu ya kumbukumbu ya mwaka 2009 ya Animal Planet iliyoitwa ''Stranger Among Bears''. == Wasifu == Charles Edward Vandergaw alizaliwa tarehe 2 Juni 1938 huko Lakeview, Oregon, [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1964 alihamia [[Anchorage, Alaska]], ambako alipata kazi ya ualimu. Kwa sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya kazi, alikuwa mwalimu wa sayansi na kocha wa mieleka katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Dimond. Baada ya kustaafu mwaka 1988,<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=5288312](https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=5288312) |title=Living With Bears, Playing by His Own Rules |publisher=ABC News |date=8 Julai 2008}}</ref> alianza kujihusisha zaidi na shughuli za nje zinazohusiana na mazingira ya asili. Mwanzoni alikusudia kujenga makazi ya uwindaji, lakini baadaye eneo hilo likageuzwa kuwa kituo cha kutazamia dubu kilichokuwa chini ya mlima katika bonde la Yentna River. Maisha yake yaliangaziwa katika mfululizo wa filamu ya kumbukumbu ''Stranger Among Bears'', iliyorushwa na Animal Planet mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/stranger-among-bears/](https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/stranger-among-bears/) |title=Stranger Among Bears |publisher=Animal Planet}}</ref> Ingawa ilikuwa kinyume cha sheria za Jimbo la Alaska,<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=livingwithbears.bearharmony](https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=livingwithbears.bearharmony) |title=Living in Harmony with Bears - Bears and Food |publisher=Alaska Department of Fish and Game}}</ref> Vandergaw aliwalisha mara kwa mara dubu wa grizzly na dubu weusi wa Marekani kwa miaka mingi. Kitendo hicho kiliwafanya dubu hao kumzoea, jambo lililomwezesha kuchunguza na kujifunza tabia zao kwa karibu. Mwaka 2010 alikiri kosa la kuvunja sheria hiyo na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha siku 180 kilichosimamishwa pamoja na faini ya dola za Marekani 20,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/fine-no-jail-bear-man/2010/04/09/](https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/fine-no-jail-bear-man/2010/04/09/) |title=Fine, but no jail, for 'bear man' |work=ADN.com |date=9 Aprili 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-bear-haven-052309-2009may23-story.html](https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-bear-haven-052309-2009may23-story.html) |title=Alaska cracks down on man who feeds wild bears |publisher=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=23 Mei 2009}}</ref> Vandergaw alifariki nyumbani kwake tarehe 30 Machi 2025 baada ya kuugua ugonjwa wa Parkinson kwa kipindi cha miaka minne. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 86.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary for Charlie Vandergaw |url=[https://www.janssenfuneralhomes.com/obituaries/Charles-Edward-Vandergaw?obId=42783937#/obituaryInfo](https://www.janssenfuneralhomes.com/obituaries/Charles-Edward-Vandergaw?obId=42783937#/obituaryInfo) |website=Janssen Funeral Homes |access-date=8 Juni 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] f28uh4cb6jgv7xj6z68puntzzqos3bv 1569108 1569101 2026-06-09T11:58:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1569108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Edward Vandergaw''' (2 Juni 1938 – 30 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwalimu wa shule wa Marekani kutoka [[Anchorage, Alaska]]. Alijulikana kwa kuishi kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 miongoni mwa [[dubu]] katika jimbo la Alaska. Vandergaw alikuwa mhusika mkuu wa filamu ya kumbukumbu ya mwaka 2009 ya Animal Planet iliyoitwa ''Stranger Among Bears''. == Wasifu == Charles Edward Vandergaw alizaliwa tarehe 2 Juni 1938 huko [[Lakeview, Oregon]], [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1964 alihamia [[Anchorage, Alaska]], ambako alipata kazi ya ualimu. Kwa sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya kazi, alikuwa mwalimu wa sayansi na kocha wa mieleka katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Dimond. Baada ya kustaafu mwaka 1988,<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=5288312](https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=5288312) |title=Living With Bears, Playing by His Own Rules |publisher=ABC News |date=8 Julai 2008}}</ref> alianza kujihusisha zaidi na shughuli za nje zinazohusiana na mazingira ya asili. Mwanzoni alikusudia kujenga makazi ya uwindaji, lakini baadaye eneo hilo likageuzwa kuwa kituo cha kutazamia dubu kilichokuwa chini ya mlima katika bonde la Yentna River. Maisha yake yaliangaziwa katika mfululizo wa filamu ya kumbukumbu ''Stranger Among Bears'', iliyorushwa na Animal Planet mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/stranger-among-bears/](https://press.discovery.com/asia-pacific/apl/programs/stranger-among-bears/) |title=Stranger Among Bears |publisher=Animal Planet}}</ref> Ingawa ilikuwa kinyume cha sheria za Jimbo la Alaska,<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=livingwithbears.bearharmony](https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=livingwithbears.bearharmony) |title=Living in Harmony with Bears - Bears and Food |publisher=Alaska Department of Fish and Game}}</ref> Vandergaw aliwalisha mara kwa mara dubu wa grizzly na dubu weusi wa Marekani kwa miaka mingi. Kitendo hicho kiliwafanya dubu hao kumzoea, jambo lililomwezesha kuchunguza na kujifunza tabia zao kwa karibu. Mwaka 2010 alikiri kosa la kuvunja sheria hiyo na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha siku 180 kilichosimamishwa pamoja na faini ya dola za Marekani 20,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/fine-no-jail-bear-man/2010/04/09/](https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/fine-no-jail-bear-man/2010/04/09/) |title=Fine, but no jail, for 'bear man' |work=ADN.com |date=9 Aprili 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-bear-haven-052309-2009may23-story.html](https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-bear-haven-052309-2009may23-story.html) |title=Alaska cracks down on man who feeds wild bears |publisher=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=23 Mei 2009}}</ref> Vandergaw alifariki nyumbani kwake tarehe 30 Machi 2025 baada ya kuugua [[ugonjwa wa Parkinson]] kwa kipindi cha miaka minne. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 86.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary for Charlie Vandergaw |url=[https://www.janssenfuneralhomes.com/obituaries/Charles-Edward-Vandergaw?obId=42783937#/obituaryInfo](https://www.janssenfuneralhomes.com/obituaries/Charles-Edward-Vandergaw?obId=42783937#/obituaryInfo) |website=Janssen Funeral Homes |access-date=8 Juni 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] h2ux4l8635g52x9iywsop06bzuz240s 0 240583 1569103 2026-06-09T11:43:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harold W. Winston''' (2 Septemba 1887 – 12 Mei 1960) alikuwa mwoneshaji na mkufunzi wa simba bahari kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika mji wa Grand Rapids, jimbo la North Dakota, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa maonesho yake ya simba bahari katika vaudeville, sarakasi na filamu mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winston|first1=Harold Wallace|title=U.S. Passport Application October 30, 1920|website=ancestry.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Mwaka 1909...' 1569103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harold W. Winston''' (2 Septemba 1887 – 12 Mei 1960) alikuwa mwoneshaji na mkufunzi wa simba bahari kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika mji wa Grand Rapids, jimbo la North Dakota, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa maonesho yake ya simba bahari katika vaudeville, sarakasi na filamu mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winston|first1=Harold Wallace|title=U.S. Passport Application October 30, 1920|website=ancestry.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Mwaka 1909, Winston alifanya ziara nchini Australia akiwa na maonesho yaliyoitwa '''Captain Winston's Seals'''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Winston|first1=Harold|title=Opera House-Captain Winston's Seals|journal=The Argus|date=25 Oktoba 1909|page=11|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10742982}}</ref> Jarida la ''Vaudeville News'' la tarehe 12 Novemba 1920 lilieleza kwamba: {{nukuu|"H.W. Winston, wa Winston's Water Lions and Diving Nymphs, alifika usiku wa Ijumaa, akalipa ada ya mwaka mzima mapema na kuomba kadi yake mpya itumwe kwenye meli ya S.S. Celtic. Alikuwa akisafiri siku iliyofuata kwenda Uingereza kwa ziara ya maonesho ya Moss & Stoll."}} <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Winston|first1=H.W.|title=Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections|journal=Vaudeville News|date=12 Novemba 1920|page=8|url=http://idnc.library.illinois.edu/cgi-bin/illinois?a=d&d=VVN19201112.2.32|archive-date=29 Desemba 2014|access-date=18 Novemba 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229004716/http://idnc.library.illinois.edu/cgi-bin/illinois?a=d&d=VVN19201112.2.32|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moss & Stoll pia ilijulikana kwa jina la '''Moss Empires'''. Katika kitabu chake ''The London Palladium: The Story of the Theatre and Its Stars'', Chris Woodward alieleza kuhusu ziara hiyo: {{nukuu|"Winston's Water Lions and Diving Nymphs walionekana tarehe 24 Januari 1921 na kuwafurahisha watazamaji kwa maonesho yaliyoitwa 'Maajabu ya Majini ya Karne ya Ishirini'. Wakati wa maonesho yao, simba bahari hao walifanya vitendo vilivyofanywa na mabingwa wa kuogelea na kupiga mbizi, Miss Farry na Miss Wood. Hata kuruka kutoka urefu wa futi ishirini na tano kulifanikiwa."}} <ref>{{cite book|last1=Woodward|first1=Chris|title=The London Palladium: The Story of the Theatre and Its Stars|date=3 Aprili 2009|publisher=Jeremy Mills Publishing|location=Huddersfield|isbn=978-1906600396|page=223|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mEag6ycPAsQC&q=Winston+dive+act+1920&pg=PA223}}</ref> Simba bahari waliofunzwa na Winston walionekana katika filamu mbalimbali za miaka ya 1930 na 1940, zikiwemo ''Spawn of the North'' na ''Fisherman's Wharf''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Circus Sea Lion Group|first1=H. W. Winston|title=Slicker, Movie Seal, is Star Feature at Circus|journal=Berkeley Daily Gazette|date=11 Juni 1943|page=1|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1970&dat=19430612&id=MyMxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4632,5202257}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Wakati wa safari zake barani Ulaya, Winston alikutana na Daisy ambaye baadaye alimwoa. Wawili hao walipata watoto watatu: Jacqueline, Joyce na Peter.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winston|first1=Harold, Daisy, Jacqueline, Joyce, Peter|title=1940 U.S. Census|website=ancestry.com}}</ref> Harold W. Winston alifariki tarehe 12 Mei 1960 mjini Riverside, California, Marekani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1887|1960}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] kw5rmfblmnkc1429aggfz9y497ocq6d 0 240584 1569107 2026-06-09T11:56:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Grand Canyon]] 1569107 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Grand Canyon]] dc6ms8u0b0bcjrkzqphgp58ehksbpxb