Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 915 1576273 1553944 2026-06-23T17:11:58Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ mjadala mpya 1576273 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka moja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--- '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Piga kura sasa katika uchaguzi wa 2026 U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Wapigakura walaotimiza vigezo na masharti ya kupiga kura wanaombwa kushiriki katika uchaguzi wa 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Kanuni na mwongozo wa Maadili kwa wote]]. Maelezo zaidi ikijumuisha ukaguzi wa ustahiki, maelezo ya mchakato wa kupiga kura, maelezo ya mgombeaji, na kiungo cha kupiga kura zinapatikana kwenye Meta katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 ukurasa wa maelezo ya Uchaguzi]]. Kura itafungwa tarehe 2 Juni 2026 kwa [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Tafadhali piga kura ikiwa akaunti yako imekidhi vigezo. Matokeo yatatolewa kufikia 14 Juni 2026. -- Kwa kushirikiana na U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Mei 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|majadiliano]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 209urppumosy8715lehkh8hb5yekgrh 0 2391 1576296 1554972 2026-06-23T21:29:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1576296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. == Eneo la Ziwa == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] jp1j1w70jb1nrepsfrl1tsc47ijxxlf 1576297 1576296 2026-06-23T21:40:13Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza paragraph 1576297 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni, ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011, huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] 0imf8bgha0c3m8z5wwywpifl2f5tsub 1576298 1576297 2026-06-23T21:41:08Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Eneo la Ziwa */ 1576298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni, ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011, huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] 6ubkhdyt6pimvyikd8rh6k97114khis 1576316 1576298 2026-06-24T06:01:24Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011, huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] jb2p2dp40kmm4xp3zj90ktn87h212g9 1576317 1576316 2026-06-24T06:05:34Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] bs35h0s3a72e9ebtb9umzelnpwuuqyc 1576319 1576317 2026-06-24T06:13:27Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1576319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330). Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] masoolwf01xeij90wvxvu3ywinlf9wx 1576320 1576319 2026-06-24T06:21:35Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito. == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] e3mi0q2xaidq24e4a32xeghd0gsbp34 1576321 1576320 2026-06-24T06:26:38Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] n7d3mqkig9hcy2iz0v4isfvi9np674w 1576322 1576321 2026-06-24T06:34:00Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1576322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Historia ya Geologia== Ziwa Malawi ni mojawapo ya maziwa makuu ya Bonde la Ufa na ziwa la kale. Ziwa liko katika bonde linaloundwa na ufunguzi wa Ufa wa Afrika Mashariki, ambapo sahani ya tectonic ya Afrika inagawanywa katika vipande viwili. Hii inaitwa mpaka wa tectonics za sahani tofauti. Malawi kwa kawaida inakadiriwa kuwa na umri wa miaka milioni 1-2 (mya), lakini ushahidi wa hivi majuzi zaidi unaonyesha ziwa la zamani sana lenye bonde ambalo lilianza kuunda takriban mya 8.6 na hali ya maji ya kina kilionekana kwanza 4.5 mya. Viwango vya maji vimetofautiana sana kwa muda, kuanzia karibu mita 600 (futi 2,000) chini ya kiwango cha sasa[21] hadi 10-20 m (futi 33–66) juu. Wakati wa vipindi ziwa lilikauka karibu kabisa, na kuacha ziwa moja au mbili tu ndogo kiasi, zenye alkali nyingi na chumvi katika kile ambacho kwa sasa ni sehemu za kina kabisa za Malawi.[19][21] Kemia ya maji inayofanana na hali ya sasa ilionekana tu miaka 60,000 iliyopita. Vipindi vikuu vya maji ya chini vinakadiriwa kutokea takriban miaka milioni 1.6 hadi 1.0-0.57 iliyopita (ambapo yangeweza kukauka kabisa), 420,000 hadi 250,000-110,000 miaka iliyopita, takriban miaka 25,000 iliyopita na miaka 18,000-10,700 iliyopita. Wakati wa kilele cha kipindi cha maji ya chini kati ya 1390 na 1860 AD, inaweza kuwa 120-150 m (390-490 ft) chini ya viwango vya sasa vya maji. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] 53ug4kmtqryqgiiyoz4vo9khujwbq4i 1576323 1576322 2026-06-24T06:37:14Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Historia ya Geologia */ 1576323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Historia ya Geologia== Ziwa Malawi ni mojawapo ya maziwa makuu ya Bonde la Ufa na ziwa la kale. Ziwa hili lipo katika bonde linaloundwa na ufunguzi wa Ufa wa Afrika Mashariki, ambapo sahani ya tectonic ya Afrika inagawanywa katika vipande viwili. Hii inaitwa mpaka wa tectonics za sahani tofauti. Malawi kwa kawaida inakadiriwa kuwa na umri wa miaka milioni 1-2 (mya), lakini ushahidi wa hivi majuzi zaidi unaonyesha ziwa la zamani sana lenye bonde ambalo lilianza kuunda takriban mya 8.6 na hali ya maji ya kina kilionekana kwanza 4.5 mya. Viwango vya maji vimetofautiana sana kwa muda, kuanzia karibu mita 600 (futi 2,000) chini ya kiwango cha sasa hadi 10-20 m (futi 33–66) juu. Wakati wa vipindi ziwa lilikauka karibu kabisa, na kuacha ziwa moja au mbili tu ndogo kiasi, zenye alkali nyingi na chumvi katika kile ambacho kwa sasa ni sehemu za kina kabisa za Malawi. Kemia ya maji inayofanana na hali ya sasa ilionekana tu miaka 60,000 iliyopita. Vipindi vikuu vya maji ya chini vinakadiriwa kutokea takriban miaka milioni 1.6 hadi 1.0-0.57 iliyopita (ambapo yangeweza kukauka kabisa), 420,000 hadi 250,000-110,000 miaka iliyopita, takriban miaka 25,000 iliyopita na miaka 18,000-10,700 iliyopita. Wakati wa kilele cha kipindi cha maji ya chini kati ya 1390 na 1860 AD, inaweza kuwa 120-150 m (390-490 ft) chini ya viwango vya sasa vya maji. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] p2rtnpzgxg5cc7di40h172za3demw3y 1576324 1576323 2026-06-24T06:41:03Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Historia ya Geologia== Ziwa Malawi ni mojawapo ya maziwa makuu ya Bonde la Ufa na ziwa la kale. Ziwa hili lipo katika bonde linaloundwa na ufunguzi wa Ufa wa Afrika Mashariki, ambapo sahani ya tectonic ya Afrika inagawanywa katika vipande viwili. Hii inaitwa mpaka wa tectonics za sahani tofauti. Malawi kwa kawaida inakadiriwa kuwa na umri wa miaka milioni 1-2 (mya),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Anthony B. |last2=Teugels |first2=Guy G. |last3=Meyer |first3=Axel |date=2008-04-23 |title=Marine incursion: the freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are the product of a marine invasion into west Africa |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2292254/ |journal=PloS One |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=e1979 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001979 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=2292254 |pmid=18431469}}</ref> lakini ushahidi wa hivi majuzi zaidi unaonyesha ziwa la zamani sana lenye bonde ambalo lilianza kuunda takriban mya 8.6 na hali ya maji ya kina kilionekana kwanza 4.5 mya. Viwango vya maji vimetofautiana sana kwa muda, kuanzia karibu mita 600 (futi 2,000) chini ya kiwango cha sasa hadi 10-20 m (futi 33–66) juu. Wakati wa vipindi ziwa lilikauka karibu kabisa, na kuacha ziwa moja au mbili tu ndogo kiasi, zenye alkali nyingi na chumvi katika kile ambacho kwa sasa ni sehemu za kina kabisa za Malawi. Kemia ya maji inayofanana na hali ya sasa ilionekana tu miaka 60,000 iliyopita. Vipindi vikuu vya maji ya chini vinakadiriwa kutokea takriban miaka milioni 1.6 hadi 1.0-0.57 iliyopita (ambapo yangeweza kukauka kabisa), 420,000 hadi 250,000-110,000 miaka iliyopita, takriban miaka 25,000 iliyopita na miaka 18,000-10,700 iliyopita. Wakati wa kilele cha kipindi cha maji ya chini kati ya 1390 na 1860 AD, inaweza kuwa 120-150 m (390-490 ft) chini ya viwango vya sasa vya maji. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] tqw5p27hcovac29qy2k1ulidigmk3d9 1576326 1576324 2026-06-24T06:58:00Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Historia ya Geologia== Ziwa Malawi ni mojawapo ya maziwa makuu ya Bonde la Ufa na ziwa la kale. Ziwa hili lipo katika bonde linaloundwa na ufunguzi wa Ufa wa Afrika Mashariki, ambapo sahani ya tectonic ya Afrika inagawanywa katika vipande viwili. Hii inaitwa mpaka wa tectonics za sahani tofauti. Malawi kwa kawaida inakadiriwa kuwa na umri wa miaka milioni 1-2 (mya),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Anthony B. |last2=Teugels |first2=Guy G. |last3=Meyer |first3=Axel |date=2008-04-23 |title=Marine incursion: the freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are the product of a marine invasion into west Africa |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2292254/ |journal=PloS One |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=e1979 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001979 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=2292254 |pmid=18431469}}</ref> lakini ushahidi wa hivi majuzi zaidi unaonyesha ziwa la zamani sana lenye bonde ambalo lilianza kuunda takriban mya 8.6 na hali ya maji ya kina kilionekana kwanza 4.5 mya. Viwango vya maji vimetofautiana sana kwa muda, kuanzia karibu mita 600 (futi 2,000) chini ya kiwango cha sasa hadi 10-20 m (futi 33–66) juu. Wakati wa vipindi ziwa lilikauka karibu kabisa, na kuacha ziwa moja au mbili tu ndogo kiasi, zenye alkali nyingi na chumvi katika kile ambacho kwa sasa ni sehemu za kina kabisa za Malawi. Kemia ya maji inayofanana na hali ya sasa ilionekana tu miaka 60,000 iliyopita. Vipindi vikuu vya maji ya chini vinakadiriwa kutokea takriban miaka milioni 1.6 hadi 1.0-0.57 iliyopita (ambapo yangeweza kukauka kabisa), 420,000 hadi 250,000-110,000 miaka iliyopita, takriban miaka 25,000 iliyopita na miaka 18,000-10,700 iliyopita.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/18/2/144/1079219?login=false</ref> Wakati wa kilele cha kipindi cha maji ya chini kati ya 1390 na 1860 AD, inaweza kuwa 120-150 m (390-490 ft) chini ya viwango vya sasa vya maji. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] 7x2ff9v29ddd8ukahrn84w9co0z6zbv 1576329 1576326 2026-06-24T08:39:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1576329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lake Malawi00.jpg|thumb|Picha ya Ziwa Malawi mwaka 1967.]] [[Picha:TZ Nyasa (Malawi).PNG|thumb|250px|right|Mstari mwekundu unaonyesha mpaka usiokubaliwa kati ya Tanzania na Malawi. Tanzania inadai mstari mwekundu kuwa sahihi, lakini Malawi inadai ziwa lote hadi [[mwambao]] wa Tanzania. Mpaka kati ya Msumbiji na Malawi hauna matata.]] '''Ziwa Nyasa''' (katika [[Malawi]]: Ziwa '''Malawi'''; katika [[Msumbiji]]: Ziwa '''Niassa''') ni kati ya [[ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] likiwa na nafasi ya [[tatu]] baada ya Ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Ni ziwa la nne kwa ukubwa na la maji baridi duniani kwa ujazo, ziwa la tisa kwa ukubwa duniani kwa eneo na ziwa la tatu kwa ukubwa na la pili kwa kina barani Afrika. Ziwa Malawi ni nyumbani kwa spishi nyingi za samaki kuliko ziwa lingine lolote ulimwenguni,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Protected Areas Programme -|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html|work=www.unep-wcmc.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> ikijumuisha angalau spishi 700 za cichlids. Sehemu ya ziwa la Msumbiji ilitangazwa rasmi kuwa hifadhi na Serikali ya Msumbiji mnamo Juni 10, 2011,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?200583/Mozambiques-Lake-Niassa-declared-reserve-and-Ramsar-site|work=wwf.panda.org|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> huku Malawi sehemu ya ziwa ikijumuishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Ziwa Malawi. Ziwa Malawi ni ziwa la meromictic, kumaanisha kuwa tabaka zake za maji hazichanganyiki. Uwekaji tabaka wa kudumu wa maji ya Ziwa Malawi na mpaka wa oksiki-oksiksi hudumishwa na kemikali ndogo na viwango vya joto. Likijulikana kwa bioanuwai yake ya ajabu, Ziwa Malawi huhifadhi zaidi ya spishi 600 za samaki aina ya cichlid, karibu wote wanapatikana katika ziwa hilo, na kuchangia mojawapo ya viwango vya juu zaidi vya samaki wa maji baridi duniani. Uenezi huu unatokana na kutengwa kwa kijiolojia na makazi mbalimbali ya ziwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufuo wa miamba, sehemu za chini za mchanga, na maji wazi, ambayo yamesababisha utofauti wa haraka kati ya cichlidi juu ya nyakati za mageuzi. Mfumo ikolojia wa ziwa unasaidia uvuvi wa ndani ambao hutoa chanzo kikuu cha protini na maisha ya kiuchumi kwa jamii zinazozunguka, ingawa uvuvi kupita kiasi na shinikizo la kimazingira huleta changamoto zinazoendelea. Likiwa limegunduliwa na wagunduzi wa Uropa katikati ya karne ya 19, Ziwa Malawi limekuwa kitovu cha utafiti wa kisayansi kutokana na sifa zake za kipekee za limnolojia, kama vile utabakaji wake wa hali ya juu na hutumika kama rasilimali muhimu kwa utalii na uwezekano wa maendeleo ya umeme wa maji katika eneo hilo. Maelekezo ya mipaka kando ya ziwa mara kwa mara yamesababisha migogoro, hasa kati ya Malawi na Tanzania, ikionyesha umuhimu wake wa kijiografia. == Eneo la Ziwa (Jiografia) == Eneo la ziwa ni [[km²]] 29,600. Lina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 560 na [[upana]] wa km 50-80, likienea kutoka [[kaskazini]] kuelekea [[kusini]]. Vilindi vyake vinafikia hadi [[mita]] 704 chini ya uwiano wa [[maji]] yake. Ziwa Nyasa linapatikana kati ya nchi za [[Malawi]], [[Msumbiji]] na [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[ziwa]] hilo kuna [[mito]] mbalimbali inayoingiza [[maji]] yake humo kama vile [[mto Lufilyo]], [[mto Mbaka]], [[mto Kiwila]], [[mto Songwe]] n.k. [[Kusini]] mwa ziwa unatoka [[Mto Shire]] unaopeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[Mto Zambezi]] na hatimaye [[Bahari Hindi]]. Ki[[jiolojia]] ziwa ni sehemu ya [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ziwa Nyasa linajulikana kuwa na aina nyingi za [[samaki]] (zaidi ya 1500). Aina chache tu zinavuliwa kama [[chakula]], lakini aina mbalimbali zinakamatwa na kuuzwa nje ya [[Afrika]] kwa wapenzi wa samaki wa [[rangi]]. ==Historia ya Geologia== Ziwa Malawi ni mojawapo ya maziwa makuu ya Bonde la Ufa na ziwa la kale. Ziwa hili lipo katika bonde linaloundwa na ufunguzi wa Ufa wa Afrika Mashariki, ambapo sahani ya tectonic ya Afrika inagawanywa katika vipande viwili. Hii inaitwa mpaka wa tectonics za sahani tofauti. Malawi kwa kawaida inakadiriwa kuwa na umri wa miaka milioni 1-2 (mya),<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Wilson |first=Anthony B. |last2=Teugels |first2=Guy G. |last3=Meyer |first3=Axel |date=2008-04-23 |title=Marine incursion: the freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are the product of a marine invasion into west Africa |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2292254/ |journal=PloS One |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=e1979 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001979 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=2292254 |pmid=18431469}}</ref> lakini ushahidi wa hivi majuzi zaidi unaonyesha ziwa la zamani sana lenye bonde ambalo lilianza kuunda takriban mya 8.6 na hali ya maji ya kina kilionekana kwanza 4.5 mya. Viwango vya maji vimetofautiana sana kwa muda, kuanzia karibu mita 600 (futi 2,000) chini ya kiwango cha sasa hadi 10-20 m (futi 33–66) juu. Wakati wa vipindi ziwa lilikauka karibu kabisa, na kuacha ziwa moja au mbili tu ndogo kiasi, zenye alkali nyingi na chumvi katika kile ambacho kwa sasa ni sehemu za kina kabisa za Malawi. Kemia ya maji inayofanana na hali ya sasa ilionekana tu miaka 60,000 iliyopita. Vipindi vikuu vya maji ya chini vinakadiriwa kutokea takriban miaka milioni 1.6 hadi 1.0-0.57 iliyopita (ambapo yangeweza kukauka kabisa), 420,000 hadi 250,000-110,000 miaka iliyopita, takriban miaka 25,000 iliyopita na miaka 18,000-10,700 iliyopita.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/18/2/144/1079219?login=false</ref> Wakati wa kilele cha kipindi cha maji ya chini kati ya 1390 na 1860 AD, inaweza kuwa 120-150 m (390-490 ft) chini ya viwango vya sasa vya maji. ==Sifa za maji== Maji ya ziwa ni ya alkali (pH 7.7–8.6) na yana joto la kawaida la uso kati ya 24 na 29 °C (75–84 °F), huku sehemu zenye kina kirefu kwa kawaida huwa kama 22°C (72°F).[22] Thermocline iko katika kina cha mita 40–100 (futi 130–330).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018210001276?via%3Dihub=</ref> Kikomo cha oksijeni kiko katika kina cha takriban mita 250 (futi 820), na hivyo kuzuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwa sehemu ya juu. Maji ni safi sana kwa ziwa na mwonekano unaweza kuwa hadi mita 20 (futi 66), lakini chini kidogo ya nusu ya takwimu hii ni ya kawaida zaidi na iko chini ya mita 3 (futi 10) katika ghuba zenye matope. Hata hivyo, wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa miezi ya Januari hadi Machi, maji huwa na matope zaidi kutokana na mtiririko wa matope wa mito.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lake Malawi|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/lakes/lake-malawi.html|work=WorldAtlas|date=2021-07-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=John Misachi July 17 2021 in Bodies of Water}}</ref> == Suala la mipaka ziwani == Malawi lina ufuko mrefu ziwani upande wa [[magharibi]] na kusini, ilhali Tanzania inapakana na kaskazini mwa ziwa na kwenye ufuko wa [[mashariki]], ikifuatwa na Msumbiji. Kuna [[ugomvi]] kati ya Malawi na Tanzania kuhusu mipaka ndani ya ziwa. Mpaka baina ya Malawi (zamani: Nyassaland) na Msumbiji ulipangwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Lakini kuna mzozo kuhusu [[robo]] ya kaskazini-mashariki inayodaiwa na Tanzania kuwa ni eneo lake, ilhali Malawi inaidai pia. Malawi imedai ya kwamba maji yote hadi [[ufukwe|ufukoni]] upande wa Tanzania ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Tanzania imedai ya kwamba mpaka uwe katikati ya ziwa kufuatana na [[desturi]] za kimataifa. Sababu ya mzozo ni maelewano ya [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]]. Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] lakini kabla ya serikali ya [[Ujerumani]] kuchukua koloni mkononi mwake<ref>Koloni ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani ilianzishwa kama koloni ya kibiashara iliyomilikiwa na shirika la binafsi [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]] na bila mipaka maalumu iliyoeleweka. Mnamo 1890 ilipoonekana shirika haliwezi kumiliki maeneo hayo, serikali iliamua kuchukua utawala mkononi mwake moja kwa moja. Katika maandalizi ya hatua hiyo, Ujerumani ilitafuta maelewano na Uingereza kuhusu "mipaka ya maslahi" (spheres of interest) katika Afrika kwa jumla. Hapo nchi hizo mbili zilielewana pia kuhusu maeneo ambayo wakati ule hazikutawaliwa nazo bado. Tazama makala [[Mkataba wa Helgoland-Zanzibar]]</ref>, [[serikali]] za [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] zilipatana kuhusu mipaka ya "eneo chini ya athira ya Ujerumani" ("German sphere of influence") kwa kutaja mpaka ulifuata ufuko wa Ziwa Nyasa.<ref>"In East Africa, Germany's sphere of influence is demarcated thus: ... To the south by the line that starts on the coast of the northern border of Mozambique Province and follows the course of the Rovuma River to the point where the Messinge flows into the Rovuma. From here the line runs westward on the parallel of latitude to the shore of Lake Nyasa. Turning north, it continues along the eastern, northern, and western shores of the lake until it reaches the northern bank of the mouth of the Songwe River. " ([http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty) (July 1, 1890), article I,2] {{Wayback|url=http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 |date=20120119114434 }}, tovuti ya http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org, mradi wa German Historical Institute Washington, DC, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> Leo inajadiliwa baina ya wanasharia wa kimataifa kama maneno haya yalitaja mipaka halisi ya kiutawala au kama yalikuwa tu mapatano ya awali kuhusu "maeneo chini ya athira" ya nchi husika<ref>[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil Tiyanjana Maluwa: Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Tiyanjana Maluwa], jarida la Michigan Journal of International Law, 2016, ukurasa 360f</ref>. Baada ya mwaka [[1919]] [[Uingereza]] ilitawala [[Tanganyika]] pamoja na [[Malawi]] (Nyassaland), hivyo hakukuwa na shida. Kabla ya uhuru, wakati wawakilishi wa [[TANU]] walichaguliwa tayari kuwa wabunge katika bunge la kikoloni (legislative council) na Julius Nyerere alikuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika tangu 1960, mbunge Chifu Mhaiki alitaka serikali iangalie upya haki za Tanganyika kwa maji ya ziwa. Tarehe 12 Oktoba 1960 waziri mkuu Nyerere alijibu: "Hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu mpaka huu. Tunajua kwamba hakuna tone la maji kwenye Ziwa Nyasa ni mali ya Tanganyika kufuatana na mapatano haya. Hali halisi tungedai serikali jirani ibadilishe mipaka kwa manufaa ya Tanganyika." <ref>"There is no doubt at all about this boundary. We know that not a drop of the water of Lake Nyasa belongs to Tanganyika under the terms of the agreement, so that in actual fact we would be asking a neighboring Government [to] change the boundary in favor of Tanganyika.", Tanganyika Legislative Council, Official Report uk 614-615, kufuatana na James Mayall: The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute. The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), uk 615, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/161618?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents online hapa]</ref>. Chifu Mhaiki alirudia swali lake alipokuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa baada ya uhuru wa Tanganyika mwaka 1962 na safari hii waziri mkuu Rashidi Kawawa alijibu tena kwamba hakuna sehemu ya Ziwa Nyasa iliyokuwa ndani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani, kwamba Uingereza haikubadilisha mipaka hii na kwamba hata kama kuna hasara kwa Tanganyika serikali haiwezi kuanza majadiliano juu ya swali hili na Uingereza au serikali ya Nyasaland kabla ya uhuru wa nchi hii jirani<ref>Maluwa, uk. 373</ref>. Tarehe 3 Januari 1967 serikali ya Tanzania iliandika mara ya kwanza kwa serikali ya Malawi na kuifahamisha kwamba iliona mpaka baina ya nhci hizi ilifuata mstari wa kati wa Ziwa Nyasa. Malawi ilithibitisha kupokelewa kwa barua hii bila kuijibu rasmi. Hata hivyo rais Banda wa Malawi alikataa madai ya tanzania mbele ya bunge lake. [[Polisi]] ya Malawi ilijaribu kutawala [[wavuvi]] na [[feri]] za Tanzania ziwani. Mzozo huu ulisababisha [[risasi]] kufyatuliwa hadi kutulia mwaka 1968. Hadi leo hakuna mapatano rasmi lakini nchi zote [[mbili]] zinaendelea kudai bila kutumia nguvu. Hali halisi Malawi imeheshimu dai la Tanzania, haijasumbua tena wavuvi wala feri za jirani ndani ya robo ya kaskazini-mashariki ya ziwa. Mzozo ulifufuka tena tangu mwaka 2012 baada ya Malawi kutoa vibali vya upelelezi wa gesi na mafuta chini ya ziwa, tendo linalopingwa na Tanzania.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201208130878.html Malawi: Old Border Dispute With Tanzania Over Lake Malawi Flares Up Again]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Malawi]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] muhhmw5tgt6du3y40jtajguychrq348 0 2400 1576293 1377587 2026-06-23T21:11:44Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1576293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa Tanganyika | picha = Lake tanganyika.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Tanganyika jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka [[Anga|angani]] | mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] | nchi = [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], <br />[[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] | eneo = km² 32,893 kutegemeana na kiasi cha mvua | kina = kuanzia m 3.5 hadi 1,470 | mito inayoingia = [[Lufubu]], [[Malagarasi]], [[Ruzizi]] | mito inayotoka = [[Lukuga]] | kimo = m 782 | miji = [[Bujumbura]], [[Kalemie]], [[Kigoma]] }} [[Picha:Ziwa Tanganyika.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Ziwa Tanganyika pamoja na miji muhimu kando lake]] '''Ziwa Tanganyika''' ni moja ya [[Ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] likienea mpakani mwa [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Ni ziwa kubwa la pili [[duniani]] kwa wingi wa [[maji matamu]] baada ya [[Ziwa Baikal]] ([[Siberia]]) kwa kuzingatia kiasi cha [[maji]] ndani yake na [[kina]] (hadi [[mita]] 1,470). Kwa kulinganisha eneo lake ([[km²]] 32,893) ni la pili tu baada ya [[Viktoria Nyanza]] katika [[Afrika]]. Maji yake hutoka kuelekea [[Kongo (mto)|mto Kongo]] ha hatimaye katika [[Atlantiki|Bahari Atlantiki]]. ==Jina== Hatuna uhakika jinsi gani wenyeji walioishi kando ya ziwa hilo waliliita kwa [[lugha]] zao mbalimbali. Kutokana na taarifa za [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] waliofika huko kwenye [[karne ya 19]] na kushika yale waliyoelewa kutoka kwa wenyeji, kuna ushuhuda fulani kuhusu majina manne ambayo ni "Tanganika", "Liemba", "Kimana" na "Nsaga". [[Jina]] la Tanganika limepokewa na [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kutoka kwa wenyeji wa [[Ujiji]]. [[Henry Morton Stanley]] aliyetembelea ziwa mnamo mwaka [[1876]] aliandika ya kwamba [[watu]] wa Ujiji hawakuwa na uhakika kuhusu maana ya jina, ila tu kwamba lilimaanisha "ziwa kubwa"<ref>Habari zifuatazo kutoka HM Stanley, [https://archive.org/stream/throughdarkconti1878stan2#page/n31/mode/2up Through the Dark Continent Vol 2, p 16] </ref>. Maana waliita maziwa madogo "Kitanga", na waliita pia "ziwa la Usukuma" yaani [[Viktoria Nyanza]] kwa jina hilo "Tanganika". Wajiji walimwambia Stanley ya kwamba labda neno "nika" ilitokana na aina ya [[samaki]] walioitwa vile. Baadaye Stanley alikumbuka neno "nika" katika [[lugha]] nyingine za [[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia|Kiafrika]] kwa maana ya "tambarare, eneo kubwa bapa" akahisi ya kwamba waliita ziwa kama "tambarare kubwa iliyotanda" <ref>Tanganika, 'the great lake spreading out like a plain', or 'plain-like lake'. Maelezo tofauti kidogo ni kwamba jina Tanganyika limetokana na samaki wa aina mbili ndani ya ziwa, aina ya kwanza anaitwa Tanga na wa pili anaitwa Nyika, hivyo ziwa hilo kwa wakati huo wa hao samaki kupatikana katika ziwa hilo likaitwa ziwa la Tanga na nyika! Baadaye katika matamshi wenyeji wa eneo hilo wakawa wanaita Tanganyika na baadaye kuzaa nchi inayoitwa Tanganyika na baadhi ya sehemu kuitwa hivyo.</ref>. Stanley alishika pia majina ya ziwa kwa [[Kabila|makabila]] mengine: watu wa [[Marungu]] walisema "Kimana", wale wa [[Urungu]] "Iemba" na [[Wakawendi]] "Nsaga" kwa maana "ziwa lenye dhoruba". Alichoshika na watu wa Urungu, yaani "Iemba", inalingana na taarifa ya [[David Livingstone]] aliyekuta jina "Liemba" kuwa jina la sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya ziwa na jina hili linaendelea kutumiwa kwa [[meli]] ya [[MV Liemba]] inayosafirisha watu na [[bidhaa]] ziwani tangu mwaka [[1914]]. Jina la ziwa limekuwa pia jina la [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|eneo lililokabidhiwa]] kwa [[Uingereza]] kama [[Tanganyika]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] tangu [[1919]].<ref>Mwaka 1919 sehemu kubwa ya [[koloni]] la [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ilikabidhiwa rasmi mikononi mwa Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kulingana na kifungo 22 cha [[mkataba wa Versailles]]. Mwaka [[1922]] Shirikisho la Mataifa lilithibitisha hatua hiyo na kuamua masharti ya kukabidhi. Waingereza walihitaji jina jipya kwa ajili ya koloni hilo na tangu Januari [[1920]] wakaamua kuliita "Tanganyika Territory" kwa kutumia jina la ziwa kubwa upande wa [[mashariki]] wa eneo. ^{[[Tanganyika#cite note-1|[1]]]} </ref> == Jiografia == Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza [[ufa]] kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ni ziwa lenye kina kikubwa katika Afrika. === Vipimo === Kina cha [[wastani]] ni [[Mita|m]] 570, ni kubwa zaidi katika sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ambako vilindi vyake hufikia kina cha mita 1470. Kutokana na kina kikubwa kinashika kiwango kikubwa cha maji matamu kati ya maziwa yote ya Afrika (18,900 [[Mita ya ujazo|km³]]) na [[asilimia]] 16 ya maji matamu yote duniani. [[Halijoto]] ya maji usoni mwa ziwa ni [[sentigredi]] 25 na [[uchungu]] wake ni [[pH]] 8.4 hivi. [[Urefu]] wa ziwa ni [[kilomita]] 676 kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini na [[upana]] wake ni km 50 kwa wastani. Uso wa maji huwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 32,900 na urefu wa [[pwani]] yake ni km 1,828. <ref>Viwango vyote vinatajwa kufuatana na [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 "World Lake Database"] {{Wayback|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 |date=20180210181842 }}</ref> Kina kikubwa cha ziwa kimesababisha kuwepo kwa safu za maji zisizochanganya maana maji ya chini hayakorogwi kwa [[upepo]] au mikondo na maji ya juu, hivyo maji ya chini hayapokei [[oksijeni]] na kuwa na [[uhai]] kidogo. [[Samaki]] na [[viumbehai]] wengi hawawezi kuishi katika maji bila oksijeni. === Beseni === Ziwa linapokea maji yake kutoka [[mito]] ya [[mazingira]] inayoishia humo. [[Beseni]] lake huwa na eneo la km² 231,000 (sq mi 89,000). Mito miwili mikubwa na mito mingi midogo inaishia ziwani. [[Mto Lukuga]] hutoka ziwani na kupeleka maji yake kwenda [[beseni la Kongo]]. Mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingia ni [[mto Ruzizi|Ruzizi]] unaofika upande wa kaskazini kutoka [[Ziwa Kivu]]. [[Malagarasi (mto)|Malagarasi]], ambao ni mto mrefu wa pili nchini Tanzania, inaingia upande wa mashariki. === Kubadilika kwa kiasi cha maji === Kutokana na mahali pake katika [[tropiki]] kwenye [[jua]] kali, Ziwa Tanganyika linapotewa na maji mengi kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa hiyo kiasi cha maji ndani yake inategemeana na kiasi cha maji yanayoingia. Kwa sasa [[chanzo]] kikubwa ni maji ya [[Ziwa Kivu]]. Imegunduliwa ya kwamba uwiano wa ziwa ulibadilika sana katika [[historia]]. <ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu,+Christian&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibw9GtyJTQAhVCJsAKHYBLDWwQuwUINTAC#v=onepage&q=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu%2C%20Christian&f=false tazama Christian Lévêque, Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa], Cambridge University Press 1997, uk. 109 ff</ref> Mnamo miaka 200,000 iliyopita uso wa ziwa ulikuwa mita 600 chini ya uwiano wa leo. Wakati wa vipindi vya [[tabianchi]] yenye [[mvua]] nyingi zaidi uwiano ulipanda juu, na kupungua tena kwenye vipindi vya [[ukame]]. Vipindi hivi vya mabadiliko vilidumu mara kwa mara miaka [[elfu]] kadhaa. Hali ya sasa imepatikana tangu miaka 12,000. Wakati ule [[volkeno za Virunga]] vililipuka na kuziba mto uliowahi kubeba maji ya Ziwa Kivu kuelekea [[mto Naili]] na baada ya kufikia uwiano wa leo maji ya Kivu yalianza kutoka upande wa Tanganyika kupitia njia ya Ruzizi. Mabadiliko ya uwiano wa maji kwenye ziwa yalitazamwa pia katika historia ya miaka 200 iliyopita kwa kulinganisha kumbukumbu ya wakazi na taarifa za wapelelezi Wazungu walioandika taarifa juu ya safari zao. Baada ya mwaka [[1800]] maji yalikuwa chini sana, kabla ya [[1900]] yalikuwa juu sana, tangu 1900 yalishuka tena. Katika [[miaka ya 1960]] ziwa lilijaa tena likabaki hivi hadi sasa. Mabadiliko haya yanalingana na mabadiliko katika kiasi cha mvua inayopokewa katika beseni ya ziwa. <ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005424619718 Historical and Modern Fluctuations of Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa and Their Relationship to Rainfall Variability], Sharon E. Nicholson in: Climatic Change (1999) 41 (summary on springer.com, iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> === Miji na nchi jirani === [[Miji]] mikubwa ziwani ni [[bandari]] za [[Kigoma]] kwa upande wa Tanzania na [[Kalemie]] kwa upande wa Kongo. Kila bandari ni pamoja na mwanzo wa [[njia ya reli]]. Mji mkubwa kabisa ni [[Bujumbura]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burundi]]. Eneo lote la ziwa limegawiwa baina ya nchi jirani yaani [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Sehemu kubwa iko chini ya Tanzania (46[[%]]) na Kongo (40%). ==== Visiwa ==== Kuna [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani ya ziwa Tanganyika. Vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na * Visiwa vya [[Kavala]], [[Mamba-Kayenda]], [[Milima (kisiwa)|Milima]] na [[Kibishie]] katika sehemu ya Kongo * Visiwa vya [[Mutonowe]] na [[Kumbula]] katika sehemu ya Zambia * Kisiwa cha [[Lupita]] katika sehemu ya Tanzania ==Sifa za Maji== Maji ya ziwa hili yana alkali na pH karibu 9 katika kina cha 0-100 m (0-330 ft). Chini ya hii, ni karibu 8.7, ikipungua polepole hadi 8.3–8.5 katika sehemu za kina kabisa za Tanganyika. Mchoro sawa unaweza kuonekana katika upitishaji umeme, kuanzia takriban 670 μS/cm katika sehemu ya juu hadi 690 μS/cm ndani kabisa. Joto la uso kwa ujumla huanzia takriban 24 °C (75 °F) katika sehemu ya kusini ya ziwa mapema Agosti hadi 28-29 °C (82-84 °F) mwishoni mwa msimu wa mvua mwezi Machi-Aprili.[19] Katika kina cha zaidi ya m 400 (futi 1,300), halijoto ni thabiti sana katika 23.1–23.4 °C (73.6–74.1 °F). Maji yameongezeka joto polepole tangu karne ya 19 na hii imeongezeka kwa ongezeko la joto duniani tangu miaka ya 1950. [21] Ziwa hili lina tabaka na mchanganyiko wa msimu kwa ujumla hauendelei zaidi ya kina cha mita 150 (futi 490). Mchanganyiko hasa hutokea kama mwinuko upande wa kusini na unaendeshwa na upepo, lakini kwa kiasi kidogo, kupanda na kushuka pia hutokea mahali pengine katika ziwa. Kama matokeo ya utabakaji, sehemu za kina zina "maji ya kisukuku". Hii pia inamaanisha kuwa haina oksijeni (haina oksijeni) katika sehemu za kina, kimsingi inazuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwenye sehemu ya juu. Baadhi ya tofauti za kijiografia zinaonekana katika kikomo hiki, lakini kwa kawaida iko kwenye kina cha karibu mita 100 (330 ft) katika sehemu ya kaskazini ya ziwa na 240-250 m (790-820 ft) kusini. Sehemu za ndani kabisa zisizo na oksijeni zina viwango vya juu vya sulfidi hidrojeni yenye sumu na kimsingi hazina uhai, isipokuwa bakteria. ==Biolojia== [[Picha:Cichlidae_-_Cyphotilapia_frontosa.JPG|thumb|Cyphotilapia frontosa, spishi ya Cychlidae katika Ziwa Tanganyika]] Kuna [[spishi]] nyingi za samaki aina ya [[cichlidae]] zinazokadiriwa kuwa 250 na angalau spishi 75 za samaki wengine. Spishi nyingi wanaishi karibu na [[mwambao]] na hadi kina cha mita 180; chini yake kiwango cha oksijeni kinapungua mno. Lakini kiasi kikubwa cha samaki kinapatikana katikati ya ziwa, ila ni spishi chache tu, hasa spishi mbili za [[kapenta]] (inayoitwa pia [[dagaa]]) na spishi [[nne]] za [[sangala]]. Cichlidae karibu spishi zote ni wenyeji wa ziwa yaani wametokea hapa. Pia sangala ni wenyeji wa Tanganyika, kwa hiyo hakuna matatizo kama huko Viktoria Nyanza ambako spishi ya sangala iliingizwa miaka 50 iliyopita na kuvuruga [[ekolojia]] ya ziwa. Kutokana na mazingira ya pekee ziwa Tanganyika ni mahali pa kutazama matokeo ya [[mageuko_ya_spishi]]. <ref>[http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 |date=20171107200413 }}, Kornfield, Ivy & Smith, Peter A., ktk Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 31: 163-196, Nov. 2000</ref> Cichlidae wa ziwa Tanganyika wanapendwa kama [[samaki wa mapambo]] wakinunuliwa na kufugwa na wenye [[tangisamaki]] kote duniani. Ziwani kuna pia spishi nyingi za pekee za [[konokono]] na [[kaa]] pamoja na [[crustacea]] nyingine. ==Uvuvi== [[Picha:Fish from lake Tanganyika with rice and beans.jpg|thumb|Samaki ya ziwani katika hoteli ya Kigoma]] Tasnia muhimu katika eneo la ziwa ni [[uvuvi]]. Inakadiriwa ya kwamba baina ya 25–40[[%]] za [[protini]] katika [[chakula]] cha [[milioni]] 1 ya watu wanaoishi kule ni kutoka samaki wa ziwani<ref>[http://data.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Lake Ecosystem Critical to East African Food Supply Is Threatened by Climate Change] , taarifa ya National Science Foundation (NSF) kupitia tovuti ya www.mongabay.com, iliangaliwa 6 Novemba 2016 </ref>. Mwaka [[2015]] kulikuwa na watu 100,000 hivi waliofanya [[kazi]] kuhusiana na uvuvi. Samaki wa ziwani wanauzwa kote [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Katika [[miaka ya 1950]] uvuvi wa kibiashara ulianzishwa ziwani ukasabisha kupotea kwa samaki: kufikia mwaka [[1995]] mavuno ya samaki yalipungua hadi [[tani]] 180,000. Kampuni nyingi za uvuvi zilizostawi katika [[miaka ya 1980]] ziliporomoka. ==Usafiri== [[Picha:Liemba1.jpg|thumb|436x436px|Feri ya [[Liemba (meli)|MV Liemba]] ziwani]] [[Usafiri]] ni mgumu kufikia Ziwa Tanganyika kutoka miji mikuu ya nchi zao. Kuna [[njia za reli]] zinazoishia * [[Kigoma]] (Tanzania) kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]], bado kwenye njia ya reli iliyojengwa zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]] * [[Kalemie]] (J.D. Kongo) kutoka [[Lumbumbashi]] * [[Mpulungu]] (Zambia) - hakuna reli bado, ila kuna mipango ya kujenga njia hadi hapa hadi njia kuu ya [[TAZARA]] [[Huduma]] iliyopo hadi sasa ni ngumu na hali za njia za reli si nzuri. Upande wa Tanzania [[treni]] zilichelewa mno, masaa hata siku, lakini hali ilianza kuwa afadhali kuanzia Julai 2016.<ref>TRC ilitangaza ya kwamba tarehe 23 Julai 2016 treni ya abiria kutoka Kigoma ilifika Dar es Salaam "on time" yaani kwenye saa na dakika iliyoandikwa katika ratiba yake. Tazama http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 {{Wayback|url=http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 |date=20161116015657 }} tovuti ya TRC (iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> Muhimu kwa ajili ya watu ziwani ni huduma ya [[feri]]. Kuna meli 2 zinazobeba [[abiria]] na mizigo ambazo ni [[MV Liemba]] baina ya Kigoma na Mpulungu halafu [[MV Mwongozo]] baina ya Kigoma na Bujumbura. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Lake Tanganyika}} * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |date=20080314015746 }} * [http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ Index of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ |date=20111117090309 }} {{Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Maziwa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Tanganyika| ]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Katavi]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Rukwa]] kr0mnwsglrtjoyfstv7uzth9mfbb2vh 1576294 1576293 2026-06-23T21:14:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Sifa za Maji */ 1576294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa Tanganyika | picha = Lake tanganyika.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Tanganyika jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka [[Anga|angani]] | mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] | nchi = [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], <br />[[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] | eneo = km² 32,893 kutegemeana na kiasi cha mvua | kina = kuanzia m 3.5 hadi 1,470 | mito inayoingia = [[Lufubu]], [[Malagarasi]], [[Ruzizi]] | mito inayotoka = [[Lukuga]] | kimo = m 782 | miji = [[Bujumbura]], [[Kalemie]], [[Kigoma]] }} [[Picha:Ziwa Tanganyika.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Ziwa Tanganyika pamoja na miji muhimu kando lake]] '''Ziwa Tanganyika''' ni moja ya [[Ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] likienea mpakani mwa [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Ni ziwa kubwa la pili [[duniani]] kwa wingi wa [[maji matamu]] baada ya [[Ziwa Baikal]] ([[Siberia]]) kwa kuzingatia kiasi cha [[maji]] ndani yake na [[kina]] (hadi [[mita]] 1,470). Kwa kulinganisha eneo lake ([[km²]] 32,893) ni la pili tu baada ya [[Viktoria Nyanza]] katika [[Afrika]]. Maji yake hutoka kuelekea [[Kongo (mto)|mto Kongo]] ha hatimaye katika [[Atlantiki|Bahari Atlantiki]]. ==Jina== Hatuna uhakika jinsi gani wenyeji walioishi kando ya ziwa hilo waliliita kwa [[lugha]] zao mbalimbali. Kutokana na taarifa za [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] waliofika huko kwenye [[karne ya 19]] na kushika yale waliyoelewa kutoka kwa wenyeji, kuna ushuhuda fulani kuhusu majina manne ambayo ni "Tanganika", "Liemba", "Kimana" na "Nsaga". [[Jina]] la Tanganika limepokewa na [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kutoka kwa wenyeji wa [[Ujiji]]. [[Henry Morton Stanley]] aliyetembelea ziwa mnamo mwaka [[1876]] aliandika ya kwamba [[watu]] wa Ujiji hawakuwa na uhakika kuhusu maana ya jina, ila tu kwamba lilimaanisha "ziwa kubwa"<ref>Habari zifuatazo kutoka HM Stanley, [https://archive.org/stream/throughdarkconti1878stan2#page/n31/mode/2up Through the Dark Continent Vol 2, p 16] </ref>. Maana waliita maziwa madogo "Kitanga", na waliita pia "ziwa la Usukuma" yaani [[Viktoria Nyanza]] kwa jina hilo "Tanganika". Wajiji walimwambia Stanley ya kwamba labda neno "nika" ilitokana na aina ya [[samaki]] walioitwa vile. Baadaye Stanley alikumbuka neno "nika" katika [[lugha]] nyingine za [[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia|Kiafrika]] kwa maana ya "tambarare, eneo kubwa bapa" akahisi ya kwamba waliita ziwa kama "tambarare kubwa iliyotanda" <ref>Tanganika, 'the great lake spreading out like a plain', or 'plain-like lake'. Maelezo tofauti kidogo ni kwamba jina Tanganyika limetokana na samaki wa aina mbili ndani ya ziwa, aina ya kwanza anaitwa Tanga na wa pili anaitwa Nyika, hivyo ziwa hilo kwa wakati huo wa hao samaki kupatikana katika ziwa hilo likaitwa ziwa la Tanga na nyika! Baadaye katika matamshi wenyeji wa eneo hilo wakawa wanaita Tanganyika na baadaye kuzaa nchi inayoitwa Tanganyika na baadhi ya sehemu kuitwa hivyo.</ref>. Stanley alishika pia majina ya ziwa kwa [[Kabila|makabila]] mengine: watu wa [[Marungu]] walisema "Kimana", wale wa [[Urungu]] "Iemba" na [[Wakawendi]] "Nsaga" kwa maana "ziwa lenye dhoruba". Alichoshika na watu wa Urungu, yaani "Iemba", inalingana na taarifa ya [[David Livingstone]] aliyekuta jina "Liemba" kuwa jina la sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya ziwa na jina hili linaendelea kutumiwa kwa [[meli]] ya [[MV Liemba]] inayosafirisha watu na [[bidhaa]] ziwani tangu mwaka [[1914]]. Jina la ziwa limekuwa pia jina la [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|eneo lililokabidhiwa]] kwa [[Uingereza]] kama [[Tanganyika]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] tangu [[1919]].<ref>Mwaka 1919 sehemu kubwa ya [[koloni]] la [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ilikabidhiwa rasmi mikononi mwa Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kulingana na kifungo 22 cha [[mkataba wa Versailles]]. Mwaka [[1922]] Shirikisho la Mataifa lilithibitisha hatua hiyo na kuamua masharti ya kukabidhi. Waingereza walihitaji jina jipya kwa ajili ya koloni hilo na tangu Januari [[1920]] wakaamua kuliita "Tanganyika Territory" kwa kutumia jina la ziwa kubwa upande wa [[mashariki]] wa eneo. ^{[[Tanganyika#cite note-1|[1]]]} </ref> == Jiografia == Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza [[ufa]] kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ni ziwa lenye kina kikubwa katika Afrika. === Vipimo === Kina cha [[wastani]] ni [[Mita|m]] 570, ni kubwa zaidi katika sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ambako vilindi vyake hufikia kina cha mita 1470. Kutokana na kina kikubwa kinashika kiwango kikubwa cha maji matamu kati ya maziwa yote ya Afrika (18,900 [[Mita ya ujazo|km³]]) na [[asilimia]] 16 ya maji matamu yote duniani. [[Halijoto]] ya maji usoni mwa ziwa ni [[sentigredi]] 25 na [[uchungu]] wake ni [[pH]] 8.4 hivi. [[Urefu]] wa ziwa ni [[kilomita]] 676 kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini na [[upana]] wake ni km 50 kwa wastani. Uso wa maji huwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 32,900 na urefu wa [[pwani]] yake ni km 1,828. <ref>Viwango vyote vinatajwa kufuatana na [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 "World Lake Database"] {{Wayback|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 |date=20180210181842 }}</ref> Kina kikubwa cha ziwa kimesababisha kuwepo kwa safu za maji zisizochanganya maana maji ya chini hayakorogwi kwa [[upepo]] au mikondo na maji ya juu, hivyo maji ya chini hayapokei [[oksijeni]] na kuwa na [[uhai]] kidogo. [[Samaki]] na [[viumbehai]] wengi hawawezi kuishi katika maji bila oksijeni. === Beseni === Ziwa linapokea maji yake kutoka [[mito]] ya [[mazingira]] inayoishia humo. [[Beseni]] lake huwa na eneo la km² 231,000 (sq mi 89,000). Mito miwili mikubwa na mito mingi midogo inaishia ziwani. [[Mto Lukuga]] hutoka ziwani na kupeleka maji yake kwenda [[beseni la Kongo]]. Mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingia ni [[mto Ruzizi|Ruzizi]] unaofika upande wa kaskazini kutoka [[Ziwa Kivu]]. [[Malagarasi (mto)|Malagarasi]], ambao ni mto mrefu wa pili nchini Tanzania, inaingia upande wa mashariki. === Kubadilika kwa kiasi cha maji === Kutokana na mahali pake katika [[tropiki]] kwenye [[jua]] kali, Ziwa Tanganyika linapotewa na maji mengi kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa hiyo kiasi cha maji ndani yake inategemeana na kiasi cha maji yanayoingia. Kwa sasa [[chanzo]] kikubwa ni maji ya [[Ziwa Kivu]]. Imegunduliwa ya kwamba uwiano wa ziwa ulibadilika sana katika [[historia]]. <ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu,+Christian&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibw9GtyJTQAhVCJsAKHYBLDWwQuwUINTAC#v=onepage&q=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu%2C%20Christian&f=false tazama Christian Lévêque, Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa], Cambridge University Press 1997, uk. 109 ff</ref> Mnamo miaka 200,000 iliyopita uso wa ziwa ulikuwa mita 600 chini ya uwiano wa leo. Wakati wa vipindi vya [[tabianchi]] yenye [[mvua]] nyingi zaidi uwiano ulipanda juu, na kupungua tena kwenye vipindi vya [[ukame]]. Vipindi hivi vya mabadiliko vilidumu mara kwa mara miaka [[elfu]] kadhaa. Hali ya sasa imepatikana tangu miaka 12,000. Wakati ule [[volkeno za Virunga]] vililipuka na kuziba mto uliowahi kubeba maji ya Ziwa Kivu kuelekea [[mto Naili]] na baada ya kufikia uwiano wa leo maji ya Kivu yalianza kutoka upande wa Tanganyika kupitia njia ya Ruzizi. Mabadiliko ya uwiano wa maji kwenye ziwa yalitazamwa pia katika historia ya miaka 200 iliyopita kwa kulinganisha kumbukumbu ya wakazi na taarifa za wapelelezi Wazungu walioandika taarifa juu ya safari zao. Baada ya mwaka [[1800]] maji yalikuwa chini sana, kabla ya [[1900]] yalikuwa juu sana, tangu 1900 yalishuka tena. Katika [[miaka ya 1960]] ziwa lilijaa tena likabaki hivi hadi sasa. Mabadiliko haya yanalingana na mabadiliko katika kiasi cha mvua inayopokewa katika beseni ya ziwa. <ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005424619718 Historical and Modern Fluctuations of Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa and Their Relationship to Rainfall Variability], Sharon E. Nicholson in: Climatic Change (1999) 41 (summary on springer.com, iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> === Miji na nchi jirani === [[Miji]] mikubwa ziwani ni [[bandari]] za [[Kigoma]] kwa upande wa Tanzania na [[Kalemie]] kwa upande wa Kongo. Kila bandari ni pamoja na mwanzo wa [[njia ya reli]]. Mji mkubwa kabisa ni [[Bujumbura]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burundi]]. Eneo lote la ziwa limegawiwa baina ya nchi jirani yaani [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Sehemu kubwa iko chini ya Tanzania (46[[%]]) na Kongo (40%). ==== Visiwa ==== Kuna [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani ya ziwa Tanganyika. Vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na * Visiwa vya [[Kavala]], [[Mamba-Kayenda]], [[Milima (kisiwa)|Milima]] na [[Kibishie]] katika sehemu ya Kongo * Visiwa vya [[Mutonowe]] na [[Kumbula]] katika sehemu ya Zambia * Kisiwa cha [[Lupita]] katika sehemu ya Tanzania ==Sifa za Maji== Maji ya ziwa hili yana alkali na pH karibu 9 katika kina cha 0-100 m (0-330 ft). Chini ya hii, ni karibu 8.7, ikipungua polepole hadi 8.3–8.5 katika sehemu za kina kabisa za Tanganyika. Mchoro sawa unaweza kuonekana katika upitishaji umeme, kuanzia takriban 670 μS/cm katika sehemu ya juu hadi 690 μS/cm ndani kabisa. Joto la uso kwa ujumla huanzia takriban 24 °C (75 °F) katika sehemu ya kusini ya ziwa mapema Agosti hadi 28-29 °C (82-84 °F) mwishoni mwa msimu wa mvua mwezi Machi-Aprili.[19] Katika kina cha zaidi ya m 400 (futi 1,300), halijoto ni thabiti sana katika 23.1–23.4 °C (73.6–74.1 °F). Maji yameongezeka joto polepole tangu karne ya 19 na hii imeongezeka kwa ongezeko la joto duniani tangu miaka ya 1950. Ziwa hili lina tabaka na mchanganyiko wa msimu kwa ujumla hauendelei zaidi ya kina cha mita 150 (futi 490). Mchanganyiko hasa hutokea kama mwinuko upande wa kusini na unaendeshwa na upepo, lakini kwa kiasi kidogo, kupanda na kushuka pia hutokea mahali pengine katika ziwa. Kama matokeo ya utabakaji, sehemu za kina zina "maji ya kisukuku". Hii pia inamaanisha kuwa haina oksijeni (haina oksijeni) katika sehemu za kina, kimsingi inazuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwenye sehemu ya juu. Baadhi ya tofauti za kijiografia zinaonekana katika kikomo hiki, lakini kwa kawaida iko kwenye kina cha karibu mita 100 (330 ft) katika sehemu ya kaskazini ya ziwa na 240-250 m (790-820 ft) kusini. Sehemu za ndani kabisa zisizo na oksijeni zina viwango vya juu vya sulfidi hidrojeni yenye sumu na kimsingi hazina uhai, isipokuwa bakteria. ==Biolojia== [[Picha:Cichlidae_-_Cyphotilapia_frontosa.JPG|thumb|Cyphotilapia frontosa, spishi ya Cychlidae katika Ziwa Tanganyika]] Kuna [[spishi]] nyingi za samaki aina ya [[cichlidae]] zinazokadiriwa kuwa 250 na angalau spishi 75 za samaki wengine. Spishi nyingi wanaishi karibu na [[mwambao]] na hadi kina cha mita 180; chini yake kiwango cha oksijeni kinapungua mno. Lakini kiasi kikubwa cha samaki kinapatikana katikati ya ziwa, ila ni spishi chache tu, hasa spishi mbili za [[kapenta]] (inayoitwa pia [[dagaa]]) na spishi [[nne]] za [[sangala]]. Cichlidae karibu spishi zote ni wenyeji wa ziwa yaani wametokea hapa. Pia sangala ni wenyeji wa Tanganyika, kwa hiyo hakuna matatizo kama huko Viktoria Nyanza ambako spishi ya sangala iliingizwa miaka 50 iliyopita na kuvuruga [[ekolojia]] ya ziwa. Kutokana na mazingira ya pekee ziwa Tanganyika ni mahali pa kutazama matokeo ya [[mageuko_ya_spishi]]. <ref>[http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 |date=20171107200413 }}, Kornfield, Ivy & Smith, Peter A., ktk Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 31: 163-196, Nov. 2000</ref> Cichlidae wa ziwa Tanganyika wanapendwa kama [[samaki wa mapambo]] wakinunuliwa na kufugwa na wenye [[tangisamaki]] kote duniani. Ziwani kuna pia spishi nyingi za pekee za [[konokono]] na [[kaa]] pamoja na [[crustacea]] nyingine. ==Uvuvi== [[Picha:Fish from lake Tanganyika with rice and beans.jpg|thumb|Samaki ya ziwani katika hoteli ya Kigoma]] Tasnia muhimu katika eneo la ziwa ni [[uvuvi]]. Inakadiriwa ya kwamba baina ya 25–40[[%]] za [[protini]] katika [[chakula]] cha [[milioni]] 1 ya watu wanaoishi kule ni kutoka samaki wa ziwani<ref>[http://data.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Lake Ecosystem Critical to East African Food Supply Is Threatened by Climate Change] , taarifa ya National Science Foundation (NSF) kupitia tovuti ya www.mongabay.com, iliangaliwa 6 Novemba 2016 </ref>. Mwaka [[2015]] kulikuwa na watu 100,000 hivi waliofanya [[kazi]] kuhusiana na uvuvi. Samaki wa ziwani wanauzwa kote [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Katika [[miaka ya 1950]] uvuvi wa kibiashara ulianzishwa ziwani ukasabisha kupotea kwa samaki: kufikia mwaka [[1995]] mavuno ya samaki yalipungua hadi [[tani]] 180,000. Kampuni nyingi za uvuvi zilizostawi katika [[miaka ya 1980]] ziliporomoka. ==Usafiri== [[Picha:Liemba1.jpg|thumb|436x436px|Feri ya [[Liemba (meli)|MV Liemba]] ziwani]] [[Usafiri]] ni mgumu kufikia Ziwa Tanganyika kutoka miji mikuu ya nchi zao. Kuna [[njia za reli]] zinazoishia * [[Kigoma]] (Tanzania) kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]], bado kwenye njia ya reli iliyojengwa zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]] * [[Kalemie]] (J.D. Kongo) kutoka [[Lumbumbashi]] * [[Mpulungu]] (Zambia) - hakuna reli bado, ila kuna mipango ya kujenga njia hadi hapa hadi njia kuu ya [[TAZARA]] [[Huduma]] iliyopo hadi sasa ni ngumu na hali za njia za reli si nzuri. Upande wa Tanzania [[treni]] zilichelewa mno, masaa hata siku, lakini hali ilianza kuwa afadhali kuanzia Julai 2016.<ref>TRC ilitangaza ya kwamba tarehe 23 Julai 2016 treni ya abiria kutoka Kigoma ilifika Dar es Salaam "on time" yaani kwenye saa na dakika iliyoandikwa katika ratiba yake. Tazama http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 {{Wayback|url=http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 |date=20161116015657 }} tovuti ya TRC (iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> Muhimu kwa ajili ya watu ziwani ni huduma ya [[feri]]. Kuna meli 2 zinazobeba [[abiria]] na mizigo ambazo ni [[MV Liemba]] baina ya Kigoma na Mpulungu halafu [[MV Mwongozo]] baina ya Kigoma na Bujumbura. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Lake Tanganyika}} * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |date=20080314015746 }} * [http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ Index of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ |date=20111117090309 }} {{Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Maziwa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Tanganyika| ]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Katavi]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Rukwa]] e8rp8y2mx5pdwa563nok3bme4ck4tio 1576295 1576294 2026-06-23T21:17:34Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeongeza rejeo 1576295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa Tanganyika | picha = Lake tanganyika.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Tanganyika jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka [[Anga|angani]] | mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] | nchi = [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], <br />[[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] | eneo = km² 32,893 kutegemeana na kiasi cha mvua | kina = kuanzia m 3.5 hadi 1,470 | mito inayoingia = [[Lufubu]], [[Malagarasi]], [[Ruzizi]] | mito inayotoka = [[Lukuga]] | kimo = m 782 | miji = [[Bujumbura]], [[Kalemie]], [[Kigoma]] }} [[Picha:Ziwa Tanganyika.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Ziwa Tanganyika pamoja na miji muhimu kando lake]] '''Ziwa Tanganyika''' ni moja ya [[Ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] likienea mpakani mwa [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Ni ziwa kubwa la pili [[duniani]] kwa wingi wa [[maji matamu]] baada ya [[Ziwa Baikal]] ([[Siberia]]) kwa kuzingatia kiasi cha [[maji]] ndani yake na [[kina]] (hadi [[mita]] 1,470). Kwa kulinganisha eneo lake ([[km²]] 32,893) ni la pili tu baada ya [[Viktoria Nyanza]] katika [[Afrika]]. Maji yake hutoka kuelekea [[Kongo (mto)|mto Kongo]] ha hatimaye katika [[Atlantiki|Bahari Atlantiki]]. ==Jina== Hatuna uhakika jinsi gani wenyeji walioishi kando ya ziwa hilo waliliita kwa [[lugha]] zao mbalimbali. Kutokana na taarifa za [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] waliofika huko kwenye [[karne ya 19]] na kushika yale waliyoelewa kutoka kwa wenyeji, kuna ushuhuda fulani kuhusu majina manne ambayo ni "Tanganika", "Liemba", "Kimana" na "Nsaga". [[Jina]] la Tanganika limepokewa na [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kutoka kwa wenyeji wa [[Ujiji]]. [[Henry Morton Stanley]] aliyetembelea ziwa mnamo mwaka [[1876]] aliandika ya kwamba [[watu]] wa Ujiji hawakuwa na uhakika kuhusu maana ya jina, ila tu kwamba lilimaanisha "ziwa kubwa"<ref>Habari zifuatazo kutoka HM Stanley, [https://archive.org/stream/throughdarkconti1878stan2#page/n31/mode/2up Through the Dark Continent Vol 2, p 16] </ref>. Maana waliita maziwa madogo "Kitanga", na waliita pia "ziwa la Usukuma" yaani [[Viktoria Nyanza]] kwa jina hilo "Tanganika". Wajiji walimwambia Stanley ya kwamba labda neno "nika" ilitokana na aina ya [[samaki]] walioitwa vile. Baadaye Stanley alikumbuka neno "nika" katika [[lugha]] nyingine za [[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia|Kiafrika]] kwa maana ya "tambarare, eneo kubwa bapa" akahisi ya kwamba waliita ziwa kama "tambarare kubwa iliyotanda" <ref>Tanganika, 'the great lake spreading out like a plain', or 'plain-like lake'. Maelezo tofauti kidogo ni kwamba jina Tanganyika limetokana na samaki wa aina mbili ndani ya ziwa, aina ya kwanza anaitwa Tanga na wa pili anaitwa Nyika, hivyo ziwa hilo kwa wakati huo wa hao samaki kupatikana katika ziwa hilo likaitwa ziwa la Tanga na nyika! Baadaye katika matamshi wenyeji wa eneo hilo wakawa wanaita Tanganyika na baadaye kuzaa nchi inayoitwa Tanganyika na baadhi ya sehemu kuitwa hivyo.</ref>. Stanley alishika pia majina ya ziwa kwa [[Kabila|makabila]] mengine: watu wa [[Marungu]] walisema "Kimana", wale wa [[Urungu]] "Iemba" na [[Wakawendi]] "Nsaga" kwa maana "ziwa lenye dhoruba". Alichoshika na watu wa Urungu, yaani "Iemba", inalingana na taarifa ya [[David Livingstone]] aliyekuta jina "Liemba" kuwa jina la sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya ziwa na jina hili linaendelea kutumiwa kwa [[meli]] ya [[MV Liemba]] inayosafirisha watu na [[bidhaa]] ziwani tangu mwaka [[1914]]. Jina la ziwa limekuwa pia jina la [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|eneo lililokabidhiwa]] kwa [[Uingereza]] kama [[Tanganyika]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] tangu [[1919]].<ref>Mwaka 1919 sehemu kubwa ya [[koloni]] la [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ilikabidhiwa rasmi mikononi mwa Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kulingana na kifungo 22 cha [[mkataba wa Versailles]]. Mwaka [[1922]] Shirikisho la Mataifa lilithibitisha hatua hiyo na kuamua masharti ya kukabidhi. Waingereza walihitaji jina jipya kwa ajili ya koloni hilo na tangu Januari [[1920]] wakaamua kuliita "Tanganyika Territory" kwa kutumia jina la ziwa kubwa upande wa [[mashariki]] wa eneo. ^{[[Tanganyika#cite note-1|[1]]]} </ref> == Jiografia == Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza [[ufa]] kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ni ziwa lenye kina kikubwa katika Afrika. === Vipimo === Kina cha [[wastani]] ni [[Mita|m]] 570, ni kubwa zaidi katika sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ambako vilindi vyake hufikia kina cha mita 1470. Kutokana na kina kikubwa kinashika kiwango kikubwa cha maji matamu kati ya maziwa yote ya Afrika (18,900 [[Mita ya ujazo|km³]]) na [[asilimia]] 16 ya maji matamu yote duniani. [[Halijoto]] ya maji usoni mwa ziwa ni [[sentigredi]] 25 na [[uchungu]] wake ni [[pH]] 8.4 hivi. [[Urefu]] wa ziwa ni [[kilomita]] 676 kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini na [[upana]] wake ni km 50 kwa wastani. Uso wa maji huwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 32,900 na urefu wa [[pwani]] yake ni km 1,828. <ref>Viwango vyote vinatajwa kufuatana na [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 "World Lake Database"] {{Wayback|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 |date=20180210181842 }}</ref> Kina kikubwa cha ziwa kimesababisha kuwepo kwa safu za maji zisizochanganya maana maji ya chini hayakorogwi kwa [[upepo]] au mikondo na maji ya juu, hivyo maji ya chini hayapokei [[oksijeni]] na kuwa na [[uhai]] kidogo. [[Samaki]] na [[viumbehai]] wengi hawawezi kuishi katika maji bila oksijeni. === Beseni === Ziwa linapokea maji yake kutoka [[mito]] ya [[mazingira]] inayoishia humo. [[Beseni]] lake huwa na eneo la km² 231,000 (sq mi 89,000). Mito miwili mikubwa na mito mingi midogo inaishia ziwani. [[Mto Lukuga]] hutoka ziwani na kupeleka maji yake kwenda [[beseni la Kongo]]. Mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingia ni [[mto Ruzizi|Ruzizi]] unaofika upande wa kaskazini kutoka [[Ziwa Kivu]]. [[Malagarasi (mto)|Malagarasi]], ambao ni mto mrefu wa pili nchini Tanzania, inaingia upande wa mashariki. === Kubadilika kwa kiasi cha maji === Kutokana na mahali pake katika [[tropiki]] kwenye [[jua]] kali, Ziwa Tanganyika linapotewa na maji mengi kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa hiyo kiasi cha maji ndani yake inategemeana na kiasi cha maji yanayoingia. Kwa sasa [[chanzo]] kikubwa ni maji ya [[Ziwa Kivu]]. Imegunduliwa ya kwamba uwiano wa ziwa ulibadilika sana katika [[historia]]. <ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu,+Christian&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibw9GtyJTQAhVCJsAKHYBLDWwQuwUINTAC#v=onepage&q=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu%2C%20Christian&f=false tazama Christian Lévêque, Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa], Cambridge University Press 1997, uk. 109 ff</ref> Mnamo miaka 200,000 iliyopita uso wa ziwa ulikuwa mita 600 chini ya uwiano wa leo. Wakati wa vipindi vya [[tabianchi]] yenye [[mvua]] nyingi zaidi uwiano ulipanda juu, na kupungua tena kwenye vipindi vya [[ukame]]. Vipindi hivi vya mabadiliko vilidumu mara kwa mara miaka [[elfu]] kadhaa. Hali ya sasa imepatikana tangu miaka 12,000. Wakati ule [[volkeno za Virunga]] vililipuka na kuziba mto uliowahi kubeba maji ya Ziwa Kivu kuelekea [[mto Naili]] na baada ya kufikia uwiano wa leo maji ya Kivu yalianza kutoka upande wa Tanganyika kupitia njia ya Ruzizi. Mabadiliko ya uwiano wa maji kwenye ziwa yalitazamwa pia katika historia ya miaka 200 iliyopita kwa kulinganisha kumbukumbu ya wakazi na taarifa za wapelelezi Wazungu walioandika taarifa juu ya safari zao. Baada ya mwaka [[1800]] maji yalikuwa chini sana, kabla ya [[1900]] yalikuwa juu sana, tangu 1900 yalishuka tena. Katika [[miaka ya 1960]] ziwa lilijaa tena likabaki hivi hadi sasa. Mabadiliko haya yanalingana na mabadiliko katika kiasi cha mvua inayopokewa katika beseni ya ziwa. <ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005424619718 Historical and Modern Fluctuations of Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa and Their Relationship to Rainfall Variability], Sharon E. Nicholson in: Climatic Change (1999) 41 (summary on springer.com, iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> === Miji na nchi jirani === [[Miji]] mikubwa ziwani ni [[bandari]] za [[Kigoma]] kwa upande wa Tanzania na [[Kalemie]] kwa upande wa Kongo. Kila bandari ni pamoja na mwanzo wa [[njia ya reli]]. Mji mkubwa kabisa ni [[Bujumbura]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burundi]]. Eneo lote la ziwa limegawiwa baina ya nchi jirani yaani [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Sehemu kubwa iko chini ya Tanzania (46[[%]]) na Kongo (40%). ==== Visiwa ==== Kuna [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani ya ziwa Tanganyika. Vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na * Visiwa vya [[Kavala]], [[Mamba-Kayenda]], [[Milima (kisiwa)|Milima]] na [[Kibishie]] katika sehemu ya Kongo * Visiwa vya [[Mutonowe]] na [[Kumbula]] katika sehemu ya Zambia * Kisiwa cha [[Lupita]] katika sehemu ya Tanzania ==Sifa za Maji== Maji ya ziwa hili yana alkali na pH karibu 9 katika kina cha 0-100 m (0-330 ft). Chini ya hii, ni karibu 8.7, ikipungua polepole hadi 8.3–8.5 katika sehemu za kina kabisa za Tanganyika. Mchoro sawa unaweza kuonekana katika upitishaji umeme, kuanzia takriban 670 μS/cm katika sehemu ya juu hadi 690 μS/cm ndani kabisa. Joto la uso kwa ujumla huanzia takriban 24 °C (75 °F) katika sehemu ya kusini ya ziwa mapema Agosti hadi 28-29 °C (82-84 °F) mwishoni mwa msimu wa mvua mwezi Machi-Aprili.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edmond |first=J. M. |last2=Stallard |first2=R. F. |last3=Craig |first3=H. |last4=Craig |first4=V. |last5=Weiss |first5=R. F. |last6=Coulter |first6=G. W. |date=1993 |title=Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=725–738 |doi=10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725 |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Katika kina cha zaidi ya m 400 (futi 1,300), halijoto ni thabiti sana katika 23.1–23.4 °C (73.6–74.1 °F). Maji yameongezeka joto polepole tangu karne ya 19 na hii imeongezeka kwa ongezeko la joto duniani tangu miaka ya 1950. Ziwa hili lina tabaka na mchanganyiko wa msimu kwa ujumla hauendelei zaidi ya kina cha mita 150 (futi 490). Mchanganyiko hasa hutokea kama mwinuko upande wa kusini na unaendeshwa na upepo, lakini kwa kiasi kidogo, kupanda na kushuka pia hutokea mahali pengine katika ziwa. Kama matokeo ya utabakaji, sehemu za kina zina "maji ya kisukuku". Hii pia inamaanisha kuwa haina oksijeni (haina oksijeni) katika sehemu za kina, kimsingi inazuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwenye sehemu ya juu. Baadhi ya tofauti za kijiografia zinaonekana katika kikomo hiki, lakini kwa kawaida iko kwenye kina cha karibu mita 100 (330 ft) katika sehemu ya kaskazini ya ziwa na 240-250 m (790-820 ft) kusini. Sehemu za ndani kabisa zisizo na oksijeni zina viwango vya juu vya sulfidi hidrojeni yenye sumu na kimsingi hazina uhai, isipokuwa bakteria. ==Biolojia== [[Picha:Cichlidae_-_Cyphotilapia_frontosa.JPG|thumb|Cyphotilapia frontosa, spishi ya Cychlidae katika Ziwa Tanganyika]] Kuna [[spishi]] nyingi za samaki aina ya [[cichlidae]] zinazokadiriwa kuwa 250 na angalau spishi 75 za samaki wengine. Spishi nyingi wanaishi karibu na [[mwambao]] na hadi kina cha mita 180; chini yake kiwango cha oksijeni kinapungua mno. Lakini kiasi kikubwa cha samaki kinapatikana katikati ya ziwa, ila ni spishi chache tu, hasa spishi mbili za [[kapenta]] (inayoitwa pia [[dagaa]]) na spishi [[nne]] za [[sangala]]. Cichlidae karibu spishi zote ni wenyeji wa ziwa yaani wametokea hapa. Pia sangala ni wenyeji wa Tanganyika, kwa hiyo hakuna matatizo kama huko Viktoria Nyanza ambako spishi ya sangala iliingizwa miaka 50 iliyopita na kuvuruga [[ekolojia]] ya ziwa. Kutokana na mazingira ya pekee ziwa Tanganyika ni mahali pa kutazama matokeo ya [[mageuko_ya_spishi]]. <ref>[http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 |date=20171107200413 }}, Kornfield, Ivy & Smith, Peter A., ktk Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 31: 163-196, Nov. 2000</ref> Cichlidae wa ziwa Tanganyika wanapendwa kama [[samaki wa mapambo]] wakinunuliwa na kufugwa na wenye [[tangisamaki]] kote duniani. Ziwani kuna pia spishi nyingi za pekee za [[konokono]] na [[kaa]] pamoja na [[crustacea]] nyingine. ==Uvuvi== [[Picha:Fish from lake Tanganyika with rice and beans.jpg|thumb|Samaki ya ziwani katika hoteli ya Kigoma]] Tasnia muhimu katika eneo la ziwa ni [[uvuvi]]. Inakadiriwa ya kwamba baina ya 25–40[[%]] za [[protini]] katika [[chakula]] cha [[milioni]] 1 ya watu wanaoishi kule ni kutoka samaki wa ziwani<ref>[http://data.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Lake Ecosystem Critical to East African Food Supply Is Threatened by Climate Change] , taarifa ya National Science Foundation (NSF) kupitia tovuti ya www.mongabay.com, iliangaliwa 6 Novemba 2016 </ref>. Mwaka [[2015]] kulikuwa na watu 100,000 hivi waliofanya [[kazi]] kuhusiana na uvuvi. Samaki wa ziwani wanauzwa kote [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Katika [[miaka ya 1950]] uvuvi wa kibiashara ulianzishwa ziwani ukasabisha kupotea kwa samaki: kufikia mwaka [[1995]] mavuno ya samaki yalipungua hadi [[tani]] 180,000. Kampuni nyingi za uvuvi zilizostawi katika [[miaka ya 1980]] ziliporomoka. ==Usafiri== [[Picha:Liemba1.jpg|thumb|436x436px|Feri ya [[Liemba (meli)|MV Liemba]] ziwani]] [[Usafiri]] ni mgumu kufikia Ziwa Tanganyika kutoka miji mikuu ya nchi zao. Kuna [[njia za reli]] zinazoishia * [[Kigoma]] (Tanzania) kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]], bado kwenye njia ya reli iliyojengwa zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]] * [[Kalemie]] (J.D. Kongo) kutoka [[Lumbumbashi]] * [[Mpulungu]] (Zambia) - hakuna reli bado, ila kuna mipango ya kujenga njia hadi hapa hadi njia kuu ya [[TAZARA]] [[Huduma]] iliyopo hadi sasa ni ngumu na hali za njia za reli si nzuri. Upande wa Tanzania [[treni]] zilichelewa mno, masaa hata siku, lakini hali ilianza kuwa afadhali kuanzia Julai 2016.<ref>TRC ilitangaza ya kwamba tarehe 23 Julai 2016 treni ya abiria kutoka Kigoma ilifika Dar es Salaam "on time" yaani kwenye saa na dakika iliyoandikwa katika ratiba yake. Tazama http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 {{Wayback|url=http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 |date=20161116015657 }} tovuti ya TRC (iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> Muhimu kwa ajili ya watu ziwani ni huduma ya [[feri]]. Kuna meli 2 zinazobeba [[abiria]] na mizigo ambazo ni [[MV Liemba]] baina ya Kigoma na Mpulungu halafu [[MV Mwongozo]] baina ya Kigoma na Bujumbura. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Lake Tanganyika}} * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |date=20080314015746 }} * [http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ Index of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ |date=20111117090309 }} {{Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Maziwa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Tanganyika| ]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Katavi]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Rukwa]] alksuzi7ngg0j8u1lj07rrh7oosev32 1576301 1576295 2026-06-23T23:20:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1576301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa Tanganyika | picha = Lake tanganyika.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Tanganyika jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka [[Anga|angani]] | mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] | nchi = [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], <br />[[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] | eneo = km² 32,893 kutegemeana na kiasi cha mvua | kina = kuanzia m 3.5 hadi 1,470 | mito inayoingia = [[Lufubu]], [[Malagarasi]], [[Ruzizi]] | mito inayotoka = [[Lukuga]] | kimo = m 782 | miji = [[Bujumbura]], [[Kalemie]], [[Kigoma]] }} [[Picha:Ziwa Tanganyika.PNG|thumb|300px|right|Ziwa Tanganyika pamoja na miji muhimu kando lake]] '''Ziwa Tanganyika''' ni moja ya [[Ziwa|maziwa]] makubwa ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] likienea mpakani mwa [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Ni ziwa kubwa la pili [[duniani]] kwa wingi wa [[maji matamu]] baada ya [[Ziwa Baikal]] ([[Siberia]]) kwa kuzingatia kiasi cha [[maji]] ndani yake na [[kina]] (hadi [[mita]] 1,470). Kwa kulinganisha eneo lake ([[km²]] 32,893) ni la pili tu baada ya [[Viktoria Nyanza]] katika [[Afrika]]. Maji yake hutoka kuelekea [[Kongo (mto)|mto Kongo]] ha hatimaye katika [[Atlantiki|Bahari Atlantiki]]. ==Jina== Hatuna uhakika jinsi gani wenyeji walioishi kando ya ziwa hilo waliliita kwa [[lugha]] zao mbalimbali. Kutokana na taarifa za [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] waliofika huko kwenye [[karne ya 19]] na kushika yale waliyoelewa kutoka kwa wenyeji, kuna ushuhuda fulani kuhusu majina manne ambayo ni "Tanganika", "Liemba", "Kimana" na "Nsaga". [[Jina]] la Tanganika limepokewa na [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kutoka kwa wenyeji wa [[Ujiji]]. [[Henry Morton Stanley]] aliyetembelea ziwa mnamo mwaka [[1876]] aliandika ya kwamba [[watu]] wa Ujiji hawakuwa na uhakika kuhusu maana ya jina, ila tu kwamba lilimaanisha "ziwa kubwa"<ref>Habari zifuatazo kutoka HM Stanley, [https://archive.org/stream/throughdarkconti1878stan2#page/n31/mode/2up Through the Dark Continent Vol 2, p 16] </ref>. Maana waliita maziwa madogo "Kitanga", na waliita pia "ziwa la Usukuma" yaani [[Viktoria Nyanza]] kwa jina hilo "Tanganika". Wajiji walimwambia Stanley ya kwamba labda neno "nika" ilitokana na aina ya [[samaki]] walioitwa vile. Baadaye Stanley alikumbuka neno "nika" katika [[lugha]] nyingine za [[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia|Kiafrika]] kwa maana ya "tambarare, eneo kubwa bapa" akahisi ya kwamba waliita ziwa kama "tambarare kubwa iliyotanda" <ref>Tanganika, 'the great lake spreading out like a plain', or 'plain-like lake'. Maelezo tofauti kidogo ni kwamba jina Tanganyika limetokana na samaki wa aina mbili ndani ya ziwa, aina ya kwanza anaitwa Tanga na wa pili anaitwa Nyika, hivyo ziwa hilo kwa wakati huo wa hao samaki kupatikana katika ziwa hilo likaitwa ziwa la Tanga na nyika! Baadaye katika matamshi wenyeji wa eneo hilo wakawa wanaita Tanganyika na baadaye kuzaa nchi inayoitwa Tanganyika na baadhi ya sehemu kuitwa hivyo.</ref>. Stanley alishika pia majina ya ziwa kwa [[Kabila|makabila]] mengine: watu wa [[Marungu]] walisema "Kimana", wale wa [[Urungu]] "Iemba" na [[Wakawendi]] "Nsaga" kwa maana "ziwa lenye dhoruba". Alichoshika na watu wa Urungu, yaani "Iemba", inalingana na taarifa ya [[David Livingstone]] aliyekuta jina "Liemba" kuwa jina la sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya ziwa na jina hili linaendelea kutumiwa kwa [[meli]] ya [[MV Liemba]] inayosafirisha watu na [[bidhaa]] ziwani tangu mwaka [[1914]]. Jina la ziwa limekuwa pia jina la [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|eneo lililokabidhiwa]] kwa [[Uingereza]] kama [[Tanganyika]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] tangu [[1919]].<ref>Mwaka 1919 sehemu kubwa ya [[koloni]] la [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ilikabidhiwa rasmi mikononi mwa Uingereza kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]] chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kulingana na kifungo 22 cha [[mkataba wa Versailles]]. Mwaka [[1922]] Shirikisho la Mataifa lilithibitisha hatua hiyo na kuamua masharti ya kukabidhi. Waingereza walihitaji jina jipya kwa ajili ya koloni hilo na tangu Januari [[1920]] wakaamua kuliita "Tanganyika Territory" kwa kutumia jina la ziwa kubwa upande wa [[mashariki]] wa eneo. ^{[[Tanganyika#cite note-1|[1]]]} </ref> == Jiografia == Maji ya Ziwa Tanganyika yanajaza [[ufa]] kubwa kwenye [[ganda la dunia]] ambalo ni sehemu ya [[bonde la ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Ni ziwa lenye kina kikubwa katika Afrika. === Vipimo === Kina cha [[wastani]] ni [[Mita|m]] 570, ni kubwa zaidi katika sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ambako vilindi vyake hufikia kina cha mita 1470. Kutokana na kina kikubwa kinashika kiwango kikubwa cha maji matamu kati ya maziwa yote ya Afrika (18,900 [[Mita ya ujazo|km³]]) na [[asilimia]] 16 ya maji matamu yote duniani. [[Halijoto]] ya maji usoni mwa ziwa ni [[sentigredi]] 25 na [[uchungu]] wake ni [[pH]] 8.4 hivi. [[Urefu]] wa ziwa ni [[kilomita]] 676 kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini na [[upana]] wake ni km 50 kwa wastani. Uso wa maji huwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 32,900 na urefu wa [[pwani]] yake ni km 1,828. <ref>Viwango vyote vinatajwa kufuatana na [http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 "World Lake Database"] {{Wayback|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Details/lake/AFR-06 |date=20180210181842 }}</ref> Kina kikubwa cha ziwa kimesababisha kuwepo kwa safu za maji zisizochanganya maana maji ya chini hayakorogwi kwa [[upepo]] au mikondo na maji ya juu, hivyo maji ya chini hayapokei [[oksijeni]] na kuwa na [[uhai]] kidogo. [[Samaki]] na [[viumbehai]] wengi hawawezi kuishi katika maji bila oksijeni. === Beseni === Ziwa linapokea maji yake kutoka [[mito]] ya [[mazingira]] inayoishia humo. [[Beseni]] lake huwa na eneo la km² 231,000 (sq mi 89,000). Mito miwili mikubwa na mito mingi midogo inaishia ziwani. [[Mto Lukuga]] hutoka ziwani na kupeleka maji yake kwenda [[beseni la Kongo]]. Mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingia ni [[mto Ruzizi|Ruzizi]] unaofika upande wa kaskazini kutoka [[Ziwa Kivu]]. [[Malagarasi (mto)|Malagarasi]], ambao ni mto mrefu wa pili nchini Tanzania, inaingia upande wa mashariki. === Kubadilika kwa kiasi cha maji === Kutokana na mahali pake katika [[tropiki]] kwenye [[jua]] kali, Ziwa Tanganyika linapotewa na maji mengi kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa hiyo kiasi cha maji ndani yake inategemeana na kiasi cha maji yanayoingia. Kwa sasa [[chanzo]] kikubwa ni maji ya [[Ziwa Kivu]]. Imegunduliwa ya kwamba uwiano wa ziwa ulibadilika sana katika [[historia]]. <ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu,+Christian&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibw9GtyJTQAhVCJsAKHYBLDWwQuwUINTAC#v=onepage&q=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAqu%2C%20Christian&f=false tazama Christian Lévêque, Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa], Cambridge University Press 1997, uk. 109 ff</ref> Mnamo miaka 200,000 iliyopita uso wa ziwa ulikuwa mita 600 chini ya uwiano wa leo. Wakati wa vipindi vya [[tabianchi]] yenye [[mvua]] nyingi zaidi uwiano ulipanda juu, na kupungua tena kwenye vipindi vya [[ukame]]. Vipindi hivi vya mabadiliko vilidumu mara kwa mara miaka [[elfu]] kadhaa. Hali ya sasa imepatikana tangu miaka 12,000. Wakati ule [[volkeno za Virunga]] vililipuka na kuziba mto uliowahi kubeba maji ya Ziwa Kivu kuelekea [[mto Naili]] na baada ya kufikia uwiano wa leo maji ya Kivu yalianza kutoka upande wa Tanganyika kupitia njia ya Ruzizi. Mabadiliko ya uwiano wa maji kwenye ziwa yalitazamwa pia katika historia ya miaka 200 iliyopita kwa kulinganisha kumbukumbu ya wakazi na taarifa za wapelelezi Wazungu walioandika taarifa juu ya safari zao. Baada ya mwaka [[1800]] maji yalikuwa chini sana, kabla ya [[1900]] yalikuwa juu sana, tangu 1900 yalishuka tena. Katika [[miaka ya 1960]] ziwa lilijaa tena likabaki hivi hadi sasa. Mabadiliko haya yanalingana na mabadiliko katika kiasi cha mvua inayopokewa katika beseni ya ziwa. <ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005424619718 Historical and Modern Fluctuations of Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa and Their Relationship to Rainfall Variability], Sharon E. Nicholson in: Climatic Change (1999) 41 (summary on springer.com, iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> === Miji na nchi jirani === [[Miji]] mikubwa ziwani ni [[bandari]] za [[Kigoma]] kwa upande wa Tanzania na [[Kalemie]] kwa upande wa Kongo. Kila bandari ni pamoja na mwanzo wa [[njia ya reli]]. Mji mkubwa kabisa ni [[Bujumbura]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burundi]]. Eneo lote la ziwa limegawiwa baina ya nchi jirani yaani [[Tanzania]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zambia]]. Sehemu kubwa iko chini ya Tanzania (46[[%]]) na Kongo (40%). ==== Visiwa ==== Kuna [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani ya ziwa Tanganyika. Vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na * Visiwa vya [[Kavala]], [[Mamba-Kayenda]], [[Milima (kisiwa)|Milima]] na [[Kibishie]] katika sehemu ya Kongo * Visiwa vya [[Mutonowe]] na [[Kumbula]] katika sehemu ya Zambia * Kisiwa cha [[Lupita]] katika sehemu ya Tanzania ==Sifa za Maji== Maji ya ziwa hili yana alkali na pH karibu 9 katika kina cha 0-100 m (0-330 ft). Chini ya hii, ni karibu 8.7, ikipungua polepole hadi 8.3–8.5 katika sehemu za kina kabisa za Tanganyika. Mchoro sawa unaweza kuonekana katika upitishaji umeme, kuanzia takriban 670 μS/cm katika sehemu ya juu hadi 690 μS/cm ndani kabisa. Joto la uso kwa ujumla huanzia takriban 24 °C (75 °F) katika sehemu ya kusini ya ziwa mapema Agosti hadi 28-29 °C (82-84 °F) mwishoni mwa msimu wa mvua mwezi Machi-Aprili.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Edmond |first=J. M. |last2=Stallard |first2=R. F. |last3=Craig |first3=H. |last4=Craig |first4=V. |last5=Weiss |first5=R. F. |last6=Coulter |first6=G. W. |date=1993 |title=Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=725–738 |doi=10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725 |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Katika kina cha zaidi ya m 400 (futi 1,300), halijoto ni thabiti sana katika 23.1–23.4 °C (73.6–74.1 °F). Maji yameongezeka joto polepole tangu karne ya 19 na hii imeongezeka kwa ongezeko la joto duniani tangu miaka ya 1950. Ziwa hili lina tabaka na mchanganyiko wa msimu kwa ujumla hauendelei zaidi ya kina cha mita 150 (futi 490). Mchanganyiko hasa hutokea kama mwinuko upande wa kusini na unaendeshwa na upepo, lakini kwa kiasi kidogo, kupanda na kushuka pia hutokea mahali pengine katika ziwa. Kama matokeo ya utabakaji, sehemu za kina zina "maji ya kisukuku". Hii pia inamaanisha kuwa haina oksijeni (haina oksijeni) katika sehemu za kina, kimsingi inazuia samaki na viumbe vingine vya aerobic kwenye sehemu ya juu. Baadhi ya tofauti za kijiografia zinaonekana katika kikomo hiki, lakini kwa kawaida iko kwenye kina cha karibu mita 100 (330 ft) katika sehemu ya kaskazini ya ziwa na 240-250 m (790-820 ft) kusini. Sehemu za ndani kabisa zisizo na oksijeni zina viwango vya juu vya sulfidi hidrojeni yenye sumu na kimsingi hazina uhai, isipokuwa bakteria. ==Biolojia== [[Picha:Cichlidae_-_Cyphotilapia_frontosa.JPG|thumb|Cyphotilapia frontosa, spishi ya Cychlidae katika Ziwa Tanganyika]] Kuna [[spishi]] nyingi za samaki aina ya [[cichlidae]] zinazokadiriwa kuwa 250 na angalau spishi 75 za samaki wengine. Spishi nyingi wanaishi karibu na [[mwambao]] na hadi kina cha mita 180; chini yake kiwango cha oksijeni kinapungua mno. Lakini kiasi kikubwa cha samaki kinapatikana katikati ya ziwa, ila ni spishi chache tu, hasa spishi mbili za [[kapenta]] (inayoitwa pia [[dagaa]]) na spishi [[nne]] za [[sangala]]. Cichlidae karibu spishi zote ni wenyeji wa ziwa yaani wametokea hapa. Pia sangala ni wenyeji wa Tanganyika, kwa hiyo hakuna matatizo kama huko Viktoria Nyanza ambako spishi ya sangala iliingizwa miaka 50 iliyopita na kuvuruga [[ekolojia]] ya ziwa. Kutokana na mazingira ya pekee ziwa Tanganyika ni mahali pa kutazama matokeo ya [[mageuko_ya_spishi]]. <ref>[http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 |date=20171107200413 }}, Kornfield, Ivy & Smith, Peter A., ktk Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 31: 163-196, Nov. 2000</ref> Cichlidae wa ziwa Tanganyika wanapendwa kama [[samaki wa mapambo]] wakinunuliwa na kufugwa na wenye [[tangisamaki]] kote duniani. Ziwani kuna pia spishi nyingi za pekee za [[konokono]] na [[kaa]] pamoja na [[crustacea]] nyingine. ==Uvuvi== [[Picha:Fish from lake Tanganyika with rice and beans.jpg|thumb|Samaki ya ziwani katika hoteli ya Kigoma]] Tasnia muhimu katika eneo la ziwa ni [[uvuvi]]. Inakadiriwa ya kwamba baina ya 25–40[[%]] za [[protini]] katika [[chakula]] cha [[milioni]] 1 ya watu wanaoishi kule ni kutoka samaki wa ziwani<ref>[http://data.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Lake Ecosystem Critical to East African Food Supply Is Threatened by Climate Change] , taarifa ya National Science Foundation (NSF) kupitia tovuti ya www.mongabay.com, iliangaliwa 6 Novemba 2016 </ref>. Mwaka [[2015]] kulikuwa na watu 100,000 hivi waliofanya [[kazi]] kuhusiana na uvuvi. Samaki wa ziwani wanauzwa kote [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Katika [[miaka ya 1950]] uvuvi wa kibiashara ulianzishwa ziwani ukasabisha kupotea kwa samaki: kufikia mwaka [[1995]] mavuno ya samaki yalipungua hadi [[tani]] 180,000. Kampuni nyingi za uvuvi zilizostawi katika [[miaka ya 1980]] ziliporomoka. ==Usafiri== [[Picha:Liemba1.jpg|thumb|436x436px|Feri ya [[Liemba (meli)|MV Liemba]] ziwani]] [[Usafiri]] ni mgumu kufikia Ziwa Tanganyika kutoka miji mikuu ya nchi zao. Kuna [[njia za reli]] zinazoishia * [[Kigoma]] (Tanzania) kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]], bado kwenye njia ya reli iliyojengwa zamani za [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]] * [[Kalemie]] (J.D. Kongo) kutoka [[Lumbumbashi]] * [[Mpulungu]] (Zambia) - hakuna reli bado, ila kuna mipango ya kujenga njia hadi hapa hadi njia kuu ya [[TAZARA]] [[Huduma]] iliyopo hadi sasa ni ngumu na hali za njia za reli si nzuri. Upande wa Tanzania [[treni]] zilichelewa mno, masaa hata siku, lakini hali ilianza kuwa afadhali kuanzia Julai 2016.<ref>TRC ilitangaza ya kwamba tarehe 23 Julai 2016 treni ya abiria kutoka Kigoma ilifika Dar es Salaam "on time" yaani kwenye saa na dakika iliyoandikwa katika ratiba yake. Tazama http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 {{Wayback|url=http://www.trl.co.tz/?p=1316 |date=20161116015657 }} tovuti ya TRC (iliangaliwa Novemba 2016)</ref> Muhimu kwa ajili ya watu ziwani ni huduma ya [[feri]]. Kuna meli 2 zinazobeba [[abiria]] na mizigo ambazo ni [[MV Liemba]] baina ya Kigoma na Mpulungu halafu [[MV Mwongozo]] baina ya Kigoma na Bujumbura. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category|Lake Tanganyika}} * [http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |date=20080314015746 }} * [http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ Index of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cichlidexplorer.com/category/lake-tanganyika-cichlids/ |date=20111117090309 }} {{Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Maziwa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Tanganyika| ]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Katavi]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Rukwa]] 7bp1bmlp8ymm9cgsrw448n5knvvsjud 0 3067 1576330 1290646 2026-06-24T08:43:26Z Family 001 70423 Nimeongeza taarifa na picha kwenye makala hii 1576330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku ya Mto | river_name = Mto wa Zambezi | image_name = Victoria Falls aerial view September 2003.jpg | caption = Mto Zambezi kwenye maporomoko ya Victoria | origin = karibu na [[Mwinilunga]], Zambia | mouth = [[Bahari ya Hindi]] | basin_countries = [[Zambia]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], [[Angola]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Msumbiji]] | length = km 2,574 | elevation = m 1,500 | discharge = m&sup3;/s 7,000 | watershed = km&sup2; 1,570,000 }}'''Zambezi''' (pia huandikwa '''Zambeze''' au '''Zambesi''') ni mto wa nne kwa urefu barani [[Afrika]], mto mrefu zaidi unaotiririka kuelekea mashariki barani Afrika, na mto mkubwa zaidi unaomwaga maji yake katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]] kutokea Afrika. Bonde lake la uondoaji maji linafikia eneo la kilomita za mraba 1,390,000 (maili za mraba 540,000),<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin|url=https://www.inbo-news.org/fr/reseau-international-des-organismes-de-bassin/|work=RIOB|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ikiwa ni chini kidogo ya nusu ya bonde la Mto Nile. Mto huo wenye urefu wa kilomita 2,574 (maili 1,599) unaanzia nchini [[Zambia]] na kutiririka kupitia mashariki mwa [[Angola]], kando ya mpaka wa kaskazini-mashariki wa [[Namibia]] na mpaka wa kaskazini wa [[Botswana]], kisha kando ya mpaka kati ya Zambia na [[Zimbabwe]] hadi [[Msumbiji]], ambapo unavuka nchi hiyo na kuishia katika Bahari ya Hindi.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zambezi River Facts and Information|url=https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html|work=www.victoriafalls-guide.net|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Kivutio maarufu zaidi cha Mto Zambezi ni Maporomoko ya maji ya Victoria. Maporomoko yake mengine ni pamoja na Maporomoko ya Chavuma<ref>{{Citation|title=Chavuma Falls {{!}} waterfall, Zambia {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chavuma-Falls|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> na Maporomoko ya Ngonye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ngonye Falls|url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/ngonye-falls/|work=Zambia Tourism|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Beseni]] lake lina [[km²]] 1,570,000 au [[nusu]] ya mto Nile. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] chake kiko [[Zambia]], halafu mto unapita [[Angola]] mpakani na [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], Zambia na [[Zimbabwe]] kwenda [[Msumbiji]] inapofikia Bahari Hindi katika [[delta]] ya [[km²]] 880. Kwenye mwendo wa Zambezi pana [[maporomoko]] kadhaa hasa maporomoko ya [[Victoria Falls]]. Mengine ni maporomoko ya [[Chavuma]] mpakani mwa Zambia na Angola, halafu [[Ngonye Falls]] karibu na [[Sioma]], Zambia ya [[magharibi]]. Vyanzo vikuu viwili vya nishati ya umeme wa maji kwenye mto huo ni Bwawa la Kariba, ambalo linatoa umeme nchini Zambia na Zimbabwe, na Bwawa la Cahora Bassa nchini Msumbiji, ambalo linatoa umeme nchini Msumbiji na [[Afrika Kusini]]. Aidha, vituo vingine viwili vidogo vya kufua umeme nchini Zambia viko kwenye Maporomoko ya Victoria na Zengamina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasanisi |first=Francesco |last2=Tebano |first2=Carlo |last3=Zarlenga |first3=Francesco |date=2016-02-25 |title=A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/3/1/6 |journal=Environments |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.3390/environment |issn=2076-3298 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251127035450/https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/3/1/6 |archive-date=2025-11-27}}</ref> == Vyanzo == === Asili === [[Faili:Zambezi River at junction of Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe & Botswana.jpg|thumb|Mto Zambezi katika makutano ya Namibia (juu kushoto), Zambia (kulia), Zimbabwe (chini), na Botswana (katikati kushoto). Tangu picha hii ipigwe, Daraja la Kazungula limejengwa kuvuka mto huo kati ya Zambia na Botswana.]] Mto huo unaanzia kwenye dambo (ardhi chepechepe) nyeusi yenye kinamasi katika misitu minene ya miombo inayoinuka na kushuka, kilomita 50 (maili 31) kaskazini mwa Mwinilunga na kilomita 20 (maili 12) kusini mwa Ikelenge katika Wilaya ya Ikelenge mkoani Kaskazini-Magharibi, Zambia, ukiwa katika mwinuko wa takriban mita 1,524 (futi 5,000) juu ya usawa wa bahari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.muvitv.com/dilapidated-zambezi-source-site-worry-ikelenge-dc/</ref> Eneo linalozunguka chanzo hicho ni mnara wa kitaifa, hifadhi ya msitu, na eneo muhimu kwa ndege.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7178</ref> Kuelekea upande wa mashariki mwa chanzo hicho, kigawaneo cha maji kati ya Mabonde ya Congo na Zambezi ni ukanda uliojitokeza wazi wa ardhi ya juu,unaotiririka takriban kutoka mashariki hadi magharibi na kushuka kwa ghafla upande wa kaskazini na kusini. Ukanda huu unakata na kutenganisha wazi bonde la Lualaba (tawi kuu la juu la Mto Congo) na lile la Zambezi. Katika maeneo ya jirani na chanzo hicho, kigawaneo cha maji hakijajipambanua kwa uwazi sana, lakini mifumo hii miwili ya mito haiungani. Eneo linalopitisha maji kutoka Mto Zambezi ni uwanda wa juu mpana wenye kingo zilizomomonyoka wenye mwinuko wa mita 900–1,200 (futi 3,000–3,900), ambao kwa upande wa ndani kabisa umeundwa na matabaka ya miamba geu na kuzungukwa na miamba ya moto katika Maporomoko ya Victoria. Kule Chupanga, upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi, matabaka membamba ya miamba ya mchanga ya rangi ya kijivu na njano, kukiwa na miviringo ya hapa na pale ya miamba ya chokaa, yanajitokeza juu kwenye sakafu ya mto wakati wa kiangazi, na haya yanaendelea hadi ng'ambo ya Tete, ambapo yanaambatana na mishipa mikubwa ya makaa ya mawe. Makaa ya mawe pia yanapatikana katika wilaya iliyo chini kidogo ya Maporomoko ya Victoria. Miamba yenye madini ya dhahabu inajitokeza katika maeneo kadhaa. === Zambezi ya Juu === [[Faili:Zambezi river basin-en.svg|thumb|Zambezi na bonde lake la mto]] Mto huo hutiririka kuelekea kusini-magharibi kuingia Angola kwa takriban kilomita 240 (maili 150), kisha unaungana na vijito vikubwa vya mto kama vile Luena na Chifumage vinavyotiririka kutoka nyanda za juu za upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Unageuka kuelekea kusini na kutengeneza uwanda wa mafuriko, wenye mabadiliko makubwa sana ya upana kati ya majira ya kiangazi na masika. Unaingia kwenye msitu mnene wa kijani kibichi wa kiangazi wa ''Cryptosepalum'', ingawa kwa upande wake wa magharibi, maeneo ya nyasi ya Zambezi ya Magharibi pia yanapatikana. Unapoingia tena nchini Zambia, unakuwa na upana wa karibu mita 400 (futi 1,300) wakati wa majira ya masika na utiririka kwa kasi kubwa, ukiwa na maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayoishia kwenye Maporomoko ya Chavuma, ambapo mto huo unapita kwenye ufa wa miamba. Mto huo unashuka kwa mita 400 (futi 1,300) katika mwinuko wake kutoka chanzo chake kilichopo mita 1,500 (futi 4,900) hadi kufika Maporomoko ya Chavuma yaliyopo mita 1,100 (futi 3,600), katika umbali wa takriban kilomita 400 (maili 250). Kuanzia eneo hili hadi Maporomoko ya Victoria, usawa wa beseni la mto ni tambarare sana, ukishuka kwa mita nyingine 180 (futi 590) pekee katika umbali wa karibu kilomita 800 (maili 500).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zambezi River|url=https://www.geologypage.com/2014/11/zambezi-river.html|work=Geology Page|date=2014-11-25|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Geology Page}}</ref> Kijito chake kikubwa cha kwanza kuingia Zambezi ni Mto Kabompo uliopo mkoani Kaskazini-Magharibi nchini Zambia. Eneo la savana (nyika) ambalo mto huo unapita linabadilika na kuwa uwanda mpana wa mafuriko, ukiwa umetawanyika mitende ya Borassus. Upande wa kusini kidogo kuna makutano ya mto na Mto Lungwebungu. Hapa ndipo mwanzo wa Uwanda wa Mafuriko wa Barotse, ambao ni kivutio maarufu zaidi cha upande wa juu wa Zambezi, ingawa sehemu hii ya kaskazini haifuriki sana na inajumuisha visiwa vya ardhi ya juu vilivyopo katikati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zambezi River Facts and Information|url=https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html|work=www.victoriafalls-guide.net|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Takriban kilomita 30 chini ya makutano ya Mto Lungwebungu, nchi inakuwa tambarare sana, na ule mwonekano wa asili wa Uwanda wa Mafuriko wa Barotse unajifunua, huku mafuriko yakifikia upana wa kilomita 25 wakati wa masika. Kwa zaidi ya kilomita 200 kuelekea chini ya mto, mzunguko wa kila mwaka wa mafuriko unatawala mazingira ya asili pamoja na maisha ya mwanadamu, jamii, na utamaduni. Takriban kilomita 80 mbele zaidi kuelekea chini, Mto Luanginga, ambao pamoja na matawi yake unanyonya maji katika eneo kubwa la upande wa magharibi, unaungana na Zambezi. Umbali mfupi tu kuelekea juu upande wa mashariki, mkondo mkuu unaungana wakati wa masika na maji yanayofurika kutoka mfumo wa Luampa/Luena. Umbali mfupi kuelekea chini ya mto kutoka makutano ya Mto Luanginga ni Lealui, mji mkuu mmojawapo wa Walozi, wanaoishi katika ukanda wa Barotseland mkoani Magharibi nchini Zambia. Chifu wa Walozi anamiliki moja ya makazi yake mawili huko Lealui; lingine liko Limulunga, ambalo lipo kwenye ardhi ya juu na hutumika kama mji mkuu wakati wa majira ya masika. Kuhama kwa kila mwaka kutoka Lealui kwenda Limulunga ni tukio kubwa, linalosherehekewa kama moja ya sherehe za kitamaduni zinazojulikana zaidi nchini Zambia, yaani Kuomboka. Baada ya Lealui, mto huo hugeuka kuelekea kusini-kusini-mashariki. Kutokea upande wa mashariki, unaendelea kupokea mito mingi midogo, lakini kwa upande wa magharibi, hauna matawi makubwa ya mto kwa umbali wa kilomita 240. Kabla ya hapo, Maporomoko ya Ngonye na maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayofuata yanazuia usafiri wa vyombo vya majini. Kusini mwa Maporomoko ya Ngonye, mto huo unapakana kwa muda mfupi na Ukanda wa Caprivi wa Namibia. Chini ya makutano kati ya Mto Cuando na Zambezi, mto unajipinda ukielekea takriban mashariki kabisa. Hapa, mto huo ni mpana, una kina kifupi na utiririka taratibu, lakini unapoendelea kutiririka kuelekea mashariki kukabili ukingo wa uwanda wa juu mkubwa wa kati wa Afrika, unafikia ufa mkubwa ambapo Maporomoko ya Victoria yanaporomoka. === Zambezi ya Kati === Maporomoko ya Victoria yanachukuliwa kuwa mpaka kati ya upande wa juu na wa kati wa Mto Zambezi. Chini ya maporomoko hayo, mto unaendelea kutiririka moja kwa moja kuelekea mashariki kwa takriban kilomita 200 (maili 120), ukipenya katikati ya kuta zilizosimama wima za miamba ya mgando zenye umbali wa mita 20 hadi 60 (futi 66 hadi 197) kutoka ukuta mmoja hadi mwingine, zikiwa ndani ya vilima vyenye urefu wa mita 200 hadi 250 (futi 660 hadi 820). Mto huo hutiririka kwa kasi kubwa kupitia Bonde la Batoka, huku mkondo wake ukiwa unakatizwa mara kwa mara na miamba ya chini ya maji. Eneo hili limeelezwa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is rafting on the Zambezi River below The Victoria Falls Dangerous?|url=https://safpar.com/is-rafting-on-the-zambezi-river-below-the-victoria-falls-dangerous/|work=Safpar|date=2022-05-16|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Sean Edington}}</ref> kuwa moja ya maeneo ya kusisimua zaidi duniani kwa safari za boti kwenye maji yanayovurugika, likiwa ni changamoto kubwa sana kwa waendesha mitumbwi ya kisasa ya 'kayak' na boti za raba za 'raft'. Ng'ambo ya bonde hilo kuna mfululizo wa maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayoishia kilomita 240 (maili 150) chini ya Maporomoko ya Victoria. Katika umbali huu, mto unashuka kwa mita 250 (futi 820). Katika hatua hii, mto unaingia katika Ziwa Kariba, lililoundwa mwaka 1959 kufuatia kukamilika kwa Bwawa la Kariba. Ziwa hili ni moja ya maziwa makubwa zaidi yaliyotengenezwa na binadamu duniani, na mitambo ya kuzalisha umeme wa maji kwenye bwawa hilo inatoa umeme kwa sehemu kubwa ya Zambia na Zimbabwe. Mito ya Luangwa na Kafue ndiyo matawi mawili makubwa zaidi ya mkono wa kushoto ya Mto Zambezi. Mto Kafue unaungana na mto mkuu katika mkondo wa maji uliotulia na wenye kina kirefu, wenye upana wa takriban mita 180 (futi 590). Kuanzia hapa, kona ya kuelekea kaskazini wa Mto Zambezi unazuiwa, na mkondo unaendelea moja kwa moja kuelekea mashariki. Katika makutano ya Mto Luangwa (15°37'S), mto huo unaingia nchini Msumbiji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Valkenburgh |first=Blaire |last2=White |first2=Paula A. |date=2021-04-20 |title=Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |url=https://peerj.com/articles/11313/ |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=9 |pages=e11313 |doi=10.7717/peerj.11313 |issn=2167-8359 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251119031445/https://peerj.com/articles/11313/ |archive-date=2025-11-19}}</ref> Upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi unaishia pale mto unapoingia katika Ziwa Cahora Bassa, ambalo hapo awali lilikuwa eneo lenye maporomoko hatari ya maji yaliyojulikana kama Kebrabassa; ziwa hili liliundwa mwaka 1974 kufuatia ujenzi wa Bwawa la Cahora Bassa. === Zambezi ya Chini === Urefu wa kilomita 650 (maili 400) wa upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi kutoka Cahora Bassa hadi Bahari ya Hindi unapitika kwa vyombo vya majini, ingawa mto huo una kina kifupi katika maeneo mengi wakati wa kiangazi. Hali hii ya kuwa na kina kifupi inatokana na mto huo kuingia kwenye bonde pana na kuenea katika eneo kubwa. Ni katika sehemu moja tu, kwenye Bonde la Lupata, umbali wa kilomita 320 (maili 200) kutoka kinywa chake, ambapo mto huo umebanwa katikati ya vilima virefu. Hapa, una upana wa karibu mita 200 (futi 660) tu. Katika maeneo mengine, una upana wa kilomita 5 hadi 8 (maili 3 hadi 5), ukitiririka taratibu kupitia mikondo mingi. Kingo za mto huo ni ya mchanga, na kingo zake ni za chini na zimezungukwa na matete. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, na hasa wakati wa majira ya masika, mikondo hiyo huungana na kuwa mto mmoja mpana unaotiririka kwa kasi kubwa. Takriban kilomita 160 (maili 99) kutoka baharini, Mto Zambezi unapokea maji yanayotoka Ziwa Malawi kupitia Mto Shire. Unapokaribia Bahari ya Hindi, mto huo unajigawa na kutengeneza delta. Kila moja ya mifereji mikuu ya mto inayojigawa—Kongone, Luabo, na Timbwe—imezuiliwa na ukingo wa mchanga. Tawi lililopo upande wa kaskazini zaidi, linaloitwa kinywa cha Chinde, lina kina cha chini kabisa wakati wa maji kupwa cha mita 2 (futi 6 na inchi 7) kwenye lango la kuingilia na mita 4 (futi 13) ukienda ndani zaidi, na hili ndilo tawi linalotumiwa kwa usafiri wa vyombo vya majini. Takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) mbele zaidi kuelekea kaskazini kuna mto unaoitwa Quelimane, ukipewa jina la mji uliopo kwenye kinywa chake. Mkondo huu wa maji, ambao unajaa tabaka la mchanga na matope, unapokea maji ya ziada yanayofurika kutoka Zambezi wakati wa majira ya masika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zambezi - Encyclopedia|url=https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/z/zambezi.html|work=theodora.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> == Delta == Delta ya Zambezi leo hii ina upana wa takriban nusu ya ule uliokuwepo kabla ya ujenzi wa mabwawa ya Kariba na Cahora Bassa kudhibiti mabadiliko ya msimu ya kasi ya utiririkaji wa mto huo. Kabla ya mabwawa hayo kujengwa, mafuriko ya msimu ya Zambezi yalikuwa na athari tofauti kabisa kwenye mifumo ya ikolojia ya delta ikilinganishwa na leo, kwani yalileta maji baridi yenye virutubisho vingi kuelekea kwenye ardhi oevu ya pwani ya Bahari ya Hindi. Upande wa chini wa Zambezi ulikuwa ukipata ongezeko dogo la ghafla la maji ya mafuriko mwanzoni mwa majira ya kiangazi wakati mvua katika eneo la bonde la Gwembe na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Zimbabwe ilipotiririka kwa kasi, wakati mvua kutoka upande wa juu wa Zambezi, Kafue, na mabonde ya Ziwa Malawi, pamoja na Luangwa kwa kiasi kidogo, zikiwa bado zimezuiliwa na mabwawa pamoja na nyanda za mafuriko. Kutiririka kwa mifumo hii huchangia katika mafuriko makubwa zaidi mnamo mwezi Machi au Aprili, kukiwa na wastani wa kiwango cha juu cha mwezi kwa Aprili wa mita za ujazo 6,700 (futi za ujazo 240,000) kwa sekunde katika eneo la delta. Rekodi ya mafuriko makubwa zaidi ilikuwa kubwa zaidi ya mara tatu ya kiwango hicho, ambapo mita za ujazo 22,500 (futi za ujazo 790,000) kwa sekunde zilirekodiwa mnamo mwaka 1958. Kinyume chake, kiasi cha maji yaliyotiririka mwishoni mwa majira ya kiangazi kilikuwa na wastani wa mita za ujazo 500 (futi za ujazo 18,000) pekee kwa sekunde. Katika miaka ya 1960 na 1970, ujenzi wa mabwawa ulibadilisha kabisa mfumo huo. Upande wa chini wa mto, wastani wa kiwango cha chini hadi cha juu cha mwezi ulikuwa mita za ujazo 500 hadi 6,000 (futi za ujazo 18,000 hadi 212,000) kwa sekunde; sasa hivi ni mita za ujazo 1,000 hadi 3,900 (futi za ujazo 35,000 hadi 138,000) kwa sekunde. Hasa mafuriko ya kiwango cha kati, ya aina ile ambayo ikolojia ya upande wa chini wa Zambezi ilikuwa imeafikiana nayo, yanatokea kwa uchache zaidi na yanachukua muda mfupi zaidi. Kama ilivyo kwa athari mbaya za Bwawa la Itezhi-Tezhi kwenye Nyanda za Kafue, jambo hili lina athari hizi zifuatazo: * Mifumo ya ulishaji na uzalishaji wa samaki, ndege, na wanyamapori wengine ilivurugika. * Zinabaki nyanda za nyasi chache zaidi baada ya mafuriko kwa ajili ya malisho ya wanyamapori na ng'ombe. * Mifumo ya jadi ya kilimo na uvuvi ilivurugika.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=eiR_RLPB6GAC&q=traditional+farming+and+fishing+patterns+disrupted&pg=PA41&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=traditional%20farming%20and%20fishing%20patterns%20disrupted&f=false|title=Revise AS Level Geography for Edexcel Specification B|last=Knifton|first=Dulcie|date=2004-07|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=978-0-435-10154-1|language=en}}</ref> == Ikolojia == [[Faili:Zambezi River Delta.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wenye maelezo wa Delta ya Mto Zambezi kutoka angani]] Mifumo ya ja Delta ya Zambezi ina maeneo makubwa ya nyanda za nyasi zinazofurika kwa msimu na zile zinazofurika kudumu, savana, na misitu ya mabwawa. Pamoja na nyanda za mafuriko za Mito ya Buzi, Pungwe, na Save, nyanda hizi za mafuriko za Zambezi zinaunda eneo la ikolojia la savana ya pwani inayofurika ya Zambezi nchini Msumbiji, chini ya Mfuko wa Wanyamapori Duniani (WWF). Savana hizo zinazofurika zipo karibu na pwani ya Bahari ya Hindi. Misitu ya mikoko inazunguka pembezoni mwa ukanda wa pwani wa delta hiyo. [[Faili:Zambezi Barotse floodplain.jpg|thumb|Picha ya NASA ya rangi zisizo halisi ikionyesha upande wa juu wa Zambezi na nyanda za mafuriko za Barotse (Balozi) wakati wa mafuriko makubwa kupita kiasi mnamo mwaka 2003]] Ingawa mabwawa hayo yamedhibiti kiasi fulani cha mafuriko ya kila mwaka ya upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi na kusababisha eneo la nyanda za mafuriko kupungua sana, hayajaondoa mafuriko kabisa. Hayawezi kudhibiti mafuriko makubwa kupita kiasi, na yamefanya tu mafuriko ya kiwango cha kati kutokea kwa uchache zaidi. Mvua kubwa katika upande wa chini wa Zambezi inapoungana na mtiririko mkubwa wa maji kutoka juu ya mto, mafuriko makubwa bado hutokea, na ardhi oevu bado inabaki kuwa makazi muhimu ya viumbe. Hata hivyo, kupungua kwa ardhi hiyo oevu kulisababisha ujangili na uwindaji usiodhibitiwa wa wanyama kama vile nyati na kulungu wakati wa Vita vya wenyewe vya Msumbiji. Ingawa eneo hili limepungua idadi ya mamalia wakubwa, bado ni makazi ya baadhi yao, wakiwemo kulungu na pofu wanaohama. Wanyama wanaokula nyama wanaopatikana hapa ni pamoja na simba (''Panthera leo''), chui (''Panthera pardus''), duma (''Acinonyx jubatus''), fisi madoa (''Crocuta crocuta''), na bweha-milia (''Canis adustus''). Nyanda hizi za mafuriko ni maficho salama kwa ajili ya ndege wa majini wanaohama, wakiwemo bata-buzi mkia-mshale (pintails), bata-buzi mabawa-buluu (garganey), korongo dondola (''Anastomus lamelligerus''), korongo mdomo-wazi (''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis''), korongo-nyani (''Bugeranus carunculatus''), na mtondo mweupe (''Pelecanus onocrotalus'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Zambezian coastal flooded savanna {{!}} Ecoregions {{!}} WWF|url=https://ecoregions.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0906/|work=ecoregions.worldwildlife.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> Wanyama watambaao ni pamoja na mamba wa Nile (''Crocodylus niloticus''), kenge wa Nile (''Varanus niloticus''), chatu wa Afrika (''Python sebae''), nyoka-nyoo wa Pungwe (''Leptotyphlops pungwensis'') ambaye anapatikana katika eneo hilo tu, na aina nyingine tatu za nyoka ambao wanakaribia kupatikana katika eneo hilo pekee: nyoka wa majini wa nyanda za mafuriko (''Lycodonomorphus whytei obscuriventris''), nyoka-mbwa kibete (''Lycophidion nanus''), na kipile wa marika/mabwawa (''Proatheris'').<ref name=":0" /> Aina kadhaa za vipepeo zinapatikana katika eneo hilo tu. [[Faili:Zambezi delta.jpg|thumb|Delta ya Zambezi]] [[Faili:ISS009-E-7622- Zambezi river near Mongu.jpg|thumb|Mto na nyanda zake za mafuriko karibu na Mongu nchini Zambia]] [[Faili:Zambezi Flood Plain, Namibia (EO-1).jpg|thumb|Picha hii yenye maelezo ya kina ya rangi halisi inaonyesha ukingo wa mashariki wa wazi kabisa wa nyanda za mafuriko za Zambezi.]] == Hali ya hewa == Upande wa kaskazini wa bonde la Zambezi una wastani wa mvua wa milimita 1100 hadi 1400 kwa mwaka, kiwango ambacho hupungua kuelekea kusini na kufikia takriban nusu ya idadi hiyo upande wa kusini-magharibi. Mvua hiyo hunyesha katika msimu wa mvua wa kiangazi unaodumu kwa miezi 4 hadi 6, wakati Ukanda wa Mkutaniko wa Hali ya Hewa wa Kitropiki unaposogea juu ya bonde hilo kutokea kaskazini kati ya Oktoba na Machi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canoeing on the Zambezi River|url=https://www.thetravelvibes.com/canoeing-on-the-zambezi-river/|work=The Travel Vibes|date=2024-03-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Jessica}}</ref> Viwango vya uvukizaji wa maji viko juu (milimita 1600 hadi 2300), na maji mengi hupotea kwa njia hii katika mabwawa na nyanda za mafuriko, hasa upande wa kusini-magharibi wa bonde hilo.<ref>https://gorongosa.org/research/research_documents/Patterns_Hydrological_Change_Zambezi_Delta.pdf</ref> == Historia ya Jiolojia == [[Faili:Victoria Falls National Park marker.jpg|thumb|Alama ya Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Victoria Falls]] Hadi kufikia mwishoni mwa kipindi cha Pliocene au Pleistocene (zaidi ya miaka milioni mbili iliyopita), upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi ulitiririka kuelekea kusini kupitia eneo ambalo sasa hivi ni Bonde la Makgadikgadi hadi kwenye [[Limpopo (mto)|Mto Limpopo]]. Mabadiliko hayo ya mkondo wa mto ni matokeo ya misongezo ya kijiolojia ya kusaidiana kimaumbile ambayo iliinua uso wa ardhi kwenye eneo ambalo leo hii ni mgawanyaji wa maji kati ya mito hiyo miwili. Wakati huo huo, umbali wa kilomita 1,000 (maili 620) kuelekea mashariki, kijito cha magharibi cha Mto Shire—katika upanuzi wa kusini wa [[Bonde la Ufa]] la Afrika Mashariki linalopita nchini [[Malawi]]—lilisababisha mmomonyoko uliotengeneza bonde lenye kina kirefu kwenye ukingo wake wa magharibi. Kwa kasi ya polepole, upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi ulianza kumomonyoa na kurudisha nyuma sakafu ya mto wake kuelekea magharibi, ukisaidiwa na grabeni (mabonde ya ufa) zilizokuwa zikitengenezwa kwenye mkondo wake katika mhimili wa mashariki-magharibi. Ulivyofanya hivyo, uliichepua na kuimiliki mito kadhaa inayotiririka kuelekea kusini kama vile Luangwa na Kafue. [[Faili:Zambezi Flood Plain, Namibia (MODIS).jpg|thumb|Maji yanaonekana kwa rangi nyeusi katika picha hii ya rangi zisizo halisi ya nyanda za mafuriko za Zambezi.]] Hatimaye, ziwa kubwa lililokuwa limezuiliwa huko Makgadikgadi (au kijito chake) liliwahiwa na kuchepushwa na upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi uliokuwa ukimomonyoka kurudi nyuma kuelekea lilipo, na hivyo likamwaga maji yake kuelekea mashariki. Upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi nao ulichepushwa pia. Upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi ulikuwa chini kwa takriban mita 300 (futi 980) ikilinganishwa na upande wa juu wa mto huo, na hivyo maporomoko makubwa ya maji yakatengenezeka kwenye ukingo wa uwanda wa juu wa miamba ya volkano ambapo mto wa juu unatiririkia. Haya ndiyo yalikuwa Maporomoko ya kwanza ya Victoria, mahali fulani chini ya Bonde la Batoka karibu na eneo ambalo sasa hivi lipo Ziwa Kariba. == Historia == === Uvumbuzi === Ukanda wa Zambezi ulijulikana na wanajiografia wa zamani za kati kama Dola ya Monomotapa, na mkondo wa mto huo, pamoja na nafasi yalipo maziwa Ngami na Nyasa, vilichorwa kwa usahihi kwa ujumla katika ramani za mapema. Huenda ramani hizi zilitengenezwa kutokana na taarifa zilizotolewa na Waarabu. Mzungu wa kwanza kutembelea sehemu za ndani za Mto Zambezi alikuwa ''degredado'' (msitiriwa/mfungwa wa kigeni) wa Kireno, António Fernandes, mnamo mwaka 1511 na tena mwaka 1513, akiwa na lengo la kutoa taarifa kuhusu hali na shughuli za kibiashara za maeneo ya ndani ya Afrika ya Kati. Taarifa ya mwisho ya uvumbuzi huo ilionyesha umuhimu wa bandari za upande wa juu wa Zambezi katika mfumo wa biashara wa wenyeji, hususan katika biashara ya dhahabu ya Afrika Mashariki. Uvumbuzi wa kwanza kurekodiwa wa upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi ulifanywa na [[David Livingstone]] katika safari yake ya uvumbuzi kutokea Bechuanaland kati ya mwaka 1851 na 1853. Miaka miwili au mitatu baadaye, alishuka kufuata mkondo wa Mto Zambezi hadi mdomoni mwake na katika safari hiyo aligundua Maporomoko ya Victoria. Katika kipindi cha mwaka 1858–1860, akiwa ameambatana na John Kirk, Livingstone alipanda mto huo kupitia mdomo wa Kongone hadi kufikia kwenye maporomoko hayo, na pia alifuatilia mkondo wa tawimto lake la Shire na kufika Ziwa Malawi. [[Faili:Satellite view of Victoria Falls.jpg|thumb|Picha ya satelaiti inayoonyesha Maporomoko ya Victoria na mfululizo wa mabonde yenye miteremko mikali ya kupishana.]] Kwa miaka 35 iliyofuata, uvumbuzi mdogo sana ulifanyika kwenye mto huo. Mvumbuzi wa Kireno, Serpa Pinto, alichunguza baadhi ya mabonde ya magharibi ya mto huo na kufanya vipimo vya Maporomoko ya Victoria mnamo mwaka 1878. Mnamo mwaka 1884, mmishonari mzaliwa wa [[Uskoti|Scotland]] wa dhehebu la Plymouth Brethren, Frederick Stanley Arnot, alisafiri kupitia eneo lililoinuka la ardhi kati ya vyanzo vya maji (watersheds) vya mito ya Zambezi na Kongo na kugundua chanzo cha Mto Zambezi. Aliona kuwa Kilima cha Kalene kilichopo karibu—ambacho kiko juu na kina hali ya hewa ya baridi—kilikuwa eneo linalofaa hasa kwa ajili ya kituo cha umishonari. Arnot aliambatana na mfanyabiashara na afisa wa jeshi wa Kireno, António da Silva Porto. Mnamo mwaka 1889, mfereji wa Chinde uliopo upande wa kaskazini wa midomo mikuu ya mto huo uligundulika. Misafara miwili ya uvumbuzi iliyoongozwa na Meja A. St Hill Gibbons kuanzia mwaka 1895 hadi 1896 na kuanzia 1898 hadi 1900 iliendeleza kazi ya uvumbuzi iliyoanzishwa na Livingstone katika bonde la juu na mkondo wa kati wa mto huo. == Matawimto == [[Tawimto|Matawimto]] muhimu zaidi ni [[Cuando]], [[Kafue (mto)|Kafue]], [[Luangwa (mto)|Luangwa]] na [[Shire (mto)|Shire]]. == Miji muhimu mtoni == * [[Mongu]] * [[Lukulu]] * [[Katima Mulilo]] (Namibia), [[Sesheke]] (Zambia) * [[Livingstone (Zambia)]], [[Victoria Falls (mji)]] (Zimbabwe) * Kariba * Songo * [[Tete]] == Wanyamapori == [[Faili:Zambezi – Elephants crossing the river- 1 ca 12.11.2009.jpg|thumb|Tembo wakivuka mto]] Mto huo unahimili idadi kubwa ya wanyama wengi. Viboko wanapatikana kwa wingi katika maeneo mengi yenye mtiririko mtulivu wa mto huo, pamoja na mamba wa Nile. Kenge wanapatikana katika maeneo mengi. Ndege pia wako kwa wingi, kukiwa na aina za ndege kama vile kozi, mtondo/mwari, kulastara, nembe, na tai-fisi wanaopatikana kwa idadi kubwa. Misitu ya kando ya mto pia inahimili wanyama wengi wakubwa, kama vile nyati, pundamilia, twiga, na tembo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Zambezi River {{!}} Physical Features {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River?utm_source=chatgpt.com|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> [[Faili:Hippopotamus in the Zambezi.jpg|thumb|Kiboko katika Mto Zambezi]] Mto Zambezi pia unahimili mamia ya aina za samaki, ambapo baadhi yao wanapatikana katika mto huo tu. Aina muhimu ni pamoja na rasi/perege, ambao huvuliwa kwa wingi sana kwa ajili ya chakula, pamoja na kambale, kacha, mninga, na aina nyingine kubwa za samaki. Papa-fahali wakati mwingine hujulikana kama 'papa wa Zambezi' kwa jina la mto huo, asichanganywe na jamii ya papa wa maji baridi wa ''Glyphis'' ambao pia wanaishi katika mto huo. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Angola]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Botswana]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Msumbiji]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Namibia]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Zambia]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Zimbabwe]] == Marejeo == == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html Watersheds of Africa: A20 Zambezi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html |date=20070312073055 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Zambezi| ]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Botswana]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Namibia]] [[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]] <references /> [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] n1qzl6s3hmz9ux5deg6d7uuv8afze7o 0 3144 1576271 1576247 2026-06-23T15:40:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1576271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto Gambia | picha = Gambia satellite fires.jpeg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mto Gambia kutoka angani - mstari mweusi ni mipaka ya nchi ya Gambia. | chanzo = Nyanda za juu za [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mdomo = | nchi = [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]] & [[Gambia]] | urefu = 1,120 km | kimo = 900 m takriban | mkondo = hadi 2000 m³/s kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha mvua njiani | eneo = 69,931 hadi 87,850 km² ''(maelezo hutofautiana)'' | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] kwa mji wa [[Banjul]] | tawimito = | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} '''Gambia''' ni mto unaoanza katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] huko [[Guinea]]. Unafuata njia ya kunyoka hadi [[Atlantiki]]. [[Mdomo]] wake ni pana sana. Baada ya kutoka katika Futa Djallon mto unaelekea kaskazini-magharibi kupitia mkoa wa [[Tambakunda]] katika [[Senegal]] halafu mbuga wa wanyama wa Niokolo Koba. Hapa inapokea tawimiti ya [[Nieri Ko]] and [[Kuluntu]] na kuingia katika nchi ya [[Gambia]] karibu na mji wa [[Fatoto]]. [[Picha:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumbnail|300px|left|Mto Gambia ukipitia mbuga wa Niokolo-Koba nchini Senegal]] Kuanzia hapa mto unaelekea magharibi tu isipokuwa kwa njia ya kunyokanyoka. Takriban km 100 kabla ya kufika mdomo unaanza kupanuka ukiwa na upana wa km 10 mdomoni penyewe. Mto una [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani yake, vikubwa zaidi ni kisiwa cha Tembo na kisiwa cha MacCarthy. Kisiwa cha James Island mdomoni kabisa kilikuwa kituo muhimu cha [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kimeandikishwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Jiografia == [[Faili:Gambiarivermap.png|thumb|Ramani inayonyesha bonde la uondoaji maji la Mto Gambia.]] Mto Gambia una urefu wa jumla ya kilomita 1,120 (maili 700). Kutokea eneo la Fouta Djallon, unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini-magharibi kuingia katika Mkoa wa Tambacounda nchini [[Senegal]], ambapo unapita katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Niokolo Koba, kisha unaungana na mito ya Nieri Ko na Koulountou, na kupita katika Maporomoko ya Barrakunda kabla ya kuingia nchini [[Gambia]] katika eneo la Koina. Kuanzia hapa, mto huo unatiririka kwa ujumla kuelekea magharibi, lakini katika mkondo unaopinda-pinda ukifanya mafuriko ya pinde, na takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) kabla ya kufika mdomoni mwake, unapanuka hatua kwa hatua hadi kufikia upana wa zaidi ya kilomita 10 (maili 6.2) pale unapokutana na bahari. === Vivuko === Kuna madaraja kadhaa yanayovuka mto huo. Daraja kubwa zaidi na lililopo chini kabisa ya mto (kuelekea mdomoni) ni Daraja la Senegambia linalounganisha miji ya Farafenni na Soma nchini Gambia. Lilizinduliwa mnamo Januari 2019, na linatoa kiungo kati ya maeneo ya Barabara Kuu ya Trans-Gambia yaliyopo katika Ukingo wa Kaskazini na Kusini mwa mto huo. Pia linatoa unganisho la haraka kwa malori ya Senegal yanayosafiri kwenda na kurudi kutoka jimbo lililotengwa la Casamance. Daraja hilo lina urefu wa kilomita 1.9 (maili 1.2) na linachukua nafasi ya kivuko cha magari ambacho hapo awali hakikuwa cha kuaminika. Ushuru unatozwa kwa magari yanayovuka. Pia kuna madaraja katika Mkoa wa ''Upper River'' nchini Gambia katika miji ya Basse Santa Su na Fatoto yaliyofunguliwa mnamo Oktoba 2021,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia - The Point|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|work=thepoint.gm|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> pamoja na daraja lingine nchini Senegal lililopo Gouloumbou. Vivuko vingine vyote hufanywa kwa kutumia kivuko (pantoni), ikijumuisha kivuko kikuu kati ya Banjul na Barra kwenye mdomo wa mto huo, au kwa kutumia boti ndogo. === Mifereji ya asilia ya Maji === Vijito kwenye maeneo ya chini ya mto huo kwa kawaida hujulikana kama ''bolongs'' au ''bolons''. Hivi vinajumuisha Sami Bolong, inayotenganisha nusu za kaskazini za Mkoa wa ''Central River'' na Mkoa wa ''Upper River'', Bintang Bolong inayotenganisha Mkoa wa ''Lower Rive''r kutoka Mkoa wa ''West Coast'', pamoja na vijito vidogo zaidi vya maji kama vile Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, na Sandugu bolongs. == Historia == Wakazi wa mapema zaidi wanaojulikana wa eneo la kando ya Mto Gambia ni pamoja na Wajola, Wabalante, Wabainuk, na Wamanjak. Mgunduzi wa Kikarthaji, Hanno Baharia, huenda alifika Gambia wakati wa msafara wake katika karne ya tano KK (Kabla ya Kristo). Kulingana na historia ya mapokeo ya mdomo (oral tradition), idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji wa Kimandinka kutoka Mali wakiongozwa na Tiramakhan Traore, mmoja wa majenerali wakuu wa Sundiata, walikuja katika eneo hili katika karne ya 14. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wanahistoria wa sasa wanahoji kuwa ni wahamiaji wachache kiasi, hasa wafanyabiashara wa ''jula'', ambao badala yake walisababisha mabadiliko ya taratibu ya kijamii na kiutamaduni yaliyofanya watu wajinasibu na kabila la Mandinka lenye hadhi ya juu pamoja na Dola ya Mali iliyokuwa ikitawala. Wajula hawa waliifanya Gambia kuwa sehemu muhimu ya mtandao mpana wa biashara wa Afrika Magharibi, ambapo chumvi, samaki wenye magome, chuma, nguo, pembe za ndovu, nta ya nyuki, dhahabu, watumwa, ngozi na bidhaa nyinginezo zilibadilishana hadi kufikia Mto Niger na maeneo ya mbali zaidi. Alvise Cadamosto, mgunduzi wa Kivenisi aliyekuwa akifanya kazi kwa ajili ya Wareno, akawa Mzungu wa kwanza kusafiri kwa meli hadi Gambia mnamo mwaka 1455, akiuita mto huo Gambra au Cambra. Vyanzo vingine vya kipindi hicho vinarekodi majina kama vile Guambea, Guabu, na Gambu (pengine ni muunganiko wa makosa, wa wakati huo au katika uandishi wa kihistoria wa baadaye, kati ya jina la mto huo na ufalme wa Kaabu). Wakati wafanyabiashara wa nchi mbalimbali za Ulaya wakifanya biashara kwenye mto Gambia kwa karne mbili baada ya Cadamosto, Usultani/Utemi wa Courland na Semigallia ulikuwa wa kwanza kuanzisha ngome ya kudumu, katika kisiwa walichokiita Kisiwa cha St. Andrew mnamo mwaka 1651. Baada ya kuchukua udhibiti wa kisiwa hicho na kukibadilisha jina kuwa 'St. James' mnamo mwaka 1661, Waingereza walichuana vikali na Wafaransa kuwania utawala wa kibiashara wa mto huo kwa karne moja na nusu iliyofuata. Katika kipindi hiki, falme zilizokuwa kando ya mto Gambia zilijumuisha Niumi (pia ikijulikana kama Barra), Niani, Kantora, Jimara, Kiang, Badibu, Fuladu, Tumana, na Wuli, ambazo zote zimebebesha majina yao kwenye wilaya za Gambia hivi leo. Vituo vikuu vya biashara vilivyopo kwenye mto huo au karibu nao vilijumuisha Barra, Albreda, Juffure, Kisiwa cha James (sasa ni Eneo la Urithi wa Dunia la [[UNESCO]]), Tendaba, Joar, Kisiwa cha MacCarthy, Fattatenda, na Sutukoba. Karibu na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 18, mgunduzi wa Kiskoti Mungo Park alisafiri kuelekea juu ya mto Gambia mara mbili akiwa njiani kuelekea [[Niger (mto)|Mto Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Washington |first=Capt. |date=1838 |title=Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797825 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=8 |pages=448–454 |doi=10.2307/1797825 |issn=0266-6235}}</ref> Mkataba wa Waingereza na Wafaransa wa mwaka 1889 uliweka mipaka ya Eneo la Ulinzi la Gambia na koloni la Senegal kuwa kilomita kumi kaskazini na kusini mwa mto huo kuelekea ndani kabisa ya nchi hadi kufika Yarbutenda (karibu na eneo la sasa la Koina), kukiwa na kipenyo cha duara cha kilomita 10 kuashiria mpaka wa mashariki ikipimwa kutokea katikati ya mji. Kwa hiyo, Waingereza walidhibiti mto huo kwa umbali wote ambao meli za baharini zingeweza kupita. Ingawa mipaka hiyo ilionekana sana kama ya muda mfupi wakati huo, ile iliyowekwa mnamo 1889 imebaki bila kubadilika tangu wakati huo. == Flora and fauna == Wanyama wa majini (fauna) katika bonde la Mto Gambia wanashabihiana kwa karibu sana na wale wa bondei la Mto Senegal, na mabonde haya mawili kwa kawaida huunganishwa chini ya ikolojia moja inayojulikana kama Matunzio ya Maji ya Senegal-Gambia. Ingawa utajiri wa aina mbalimbali za viumbe ni mkubwa kiasi, ni aina tatu tu za vyura na aina moja tu ya samaki ambao wanapatikana katika ikolojia hii pekee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|work=www.feow.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ziada (''oysters'') huvunwa kutoka Mto Gambia na wanawake na hutumiwa kutengeneza mchuzi wa ziada, ambao ni chakula cha asili katika mapishi ya Gambia. == Picha == [[Faili:Map of the River Gambra (now the Gambia) 1732.JPG|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Gambra (sasa hivi Gambia) ya mwaka 1732]] [[Faili:Gambia satellite fires.jpeg|thumb|Sehemu ya magharibi ya Mto Gambia, inavyoonekana kutoka anga za juu. Mstari huo unaonyesha mpaka wa nchi ya Gambia.]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wa kuelekea juu ya mto, karibu na Kisiwa cha Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|Ukingo wa mto, karibu na Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Ferry.jpg|thumb|Vivuko vya kivuko (pantoni) mtoni, eneo la Janjanbureh]] ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Marejeo == == Viungo vya nje == '''''en:''''' [http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php The Gambia Basin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php |date=20060510044555 }} [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Gambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Senegal]] <references /> [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] n4ey0e868t2qscijpxzeg8c687bux89 1576276 1576271 2026-06-23T17:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto Gambia | picha = Gambia satellite fires.jpeg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mto Gambia kutoka angani - mstari mweusi ni mipaka ya nchi ya Gambia. | chanzo = Nyanda za juu za [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mdomo = | nchi = [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]] & [[Gambia]] | urefu = 1,120 km | kimo = 900 m takriban | mkondo = hadi 2000 m³/s kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha mvua njiani | eneo = 69,931 hadi 87,850 km² ''(maelezo hutofautiana)'' | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] kwa mji wa [[Banjul]] | tawimito = | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} '''Gambia''' ni mto unaoanza katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] huko [[Guinea]]. Unafuata njia ya kunyoka hadi [[Atlantiki]]. [[Mdomo]] wake ni pana sana. Baada ya kutoka katika Futa Djallon mto unaelekea kaskazini-magharibi kupitia mkoa wa [[Tambakunda]] katika [[Senegal]] halafu mbuga wa wanyama wa Niokolo Koba. Hapa inapokea tawimiti ya [[Nieri Ko]] and [[Kuluntu]] na kuingia katika nchi ya [[Gambia]] karibu na mji wa [[Fatoto]]. [[Picha:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumbnail|300px|left|Mto Gambia ukipitia mbuga wa Niokolo-Koba nchini Senegal]] Kuanzia hapa mto unaelekea magharibi tu isipokuwa kwa njia ya kunyokanyoka. Takriban km 100 kabla ya kufika mdomo unaanza kupanuka ukiwa na upana wa km 10 mdomoni penyewe. Mto una [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani yake, vikubwa zaidi ni kisiwa cha Tembo na kisiwa cha MacCarthy. Kisiwa cha James Island mdomoni kabisa kilikuwa kituo muhimu cha [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kimeandikishwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Jiografia == [[Faili:Gambiarivermap.png|thumb|Ramani inayonyesha bonde la uondoaji maji la Mto Gambia.]] Mto Gambia una urefu wa jumla ya kilomita 1,120 (maili 700). Kutokea eneo la Fouta Djallon, unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini-magharibi kuingia katika Mkoa wa Tambacounda nchini [[Senegal]], ambapo unapita katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Niokolo Koba, kisha unaungana na mito ya Nieri Ko na Koulountou, na kupita katika Maporomoko ya Barrakunda kabla ya kuingia nchini [[Gambia]] katika eneo la Koina. Kuanzia hapa, mto huo unatiririka kwa ujumla kuelekea magharibi, lakini katika mkondo unaopinda-pinda ukifanya mafuriko ya pinde, na takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) kabla ya kufika mdomoni mwake, unapanuka hatua kwa hatua hadi kufikia upana wa zaidi ya kilomita 10 (maili 6.2) pale unapokutana na bahari. === Vivuko === Kuna madaraja kadhaa yanayovuka mto huo. Daraja kubwa zaidi na lililopo chini kabisa ya mto (kuelekea mdomoni) ni Daraja la Senegambia linalounganisha miji ya Farafenni na Soma nchini Gambia. Lilizinduliwa mnamo Januari 2019, na linatoa kiungo kati ya maeneo ya Barabara Kuu ya Trans-Gambia yaliyopo katika Ukingo wa Kaskazini na Kusini mwa mto huo. Pia linatoa unganisho la haraka kwa malori ya Senegal yanayosafiri kwenda na kurudi kutoka jimbo lililotengwa la Casamance. Daraja hilo lina urefu wa kilomita 1.9 (maili 1.2) na linachukua nafasi ya kivuko cha magari ambacho hapo awali hakikuwa cha kuaminika. Ushuru unatozwa kwa magari yanayovuka. Pia kuna madaraja katika Mkoa wa ''Upper River'' nchini Gambia katika miji ya Basse Santa Su na Fatoto yaliyofunguliwa mnamo Oktoba 2021,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia - The Point|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|work=thepoint.gm|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> pamoja na daraja lingine nchini Senegal lililopo Gouloumbou. Vivuko vingine vyote hufanywa kwa kutumia kivuko (pantoni), ikijumuisha kivuko kikuu kati ya Banjul na Barra kwenye mdomo wa mto huo, au kwa kutumia boti ndogo. === Mifereji ya asilia ya Maji === Vijito kwenye maeneo ya chini ya mto huo kwa kawaida hujulikana kama ''bolongs'' au ''bolons''. Hivi vinajumuisha Sami Bolong, inayotenganisha nusu za kaskazini za Mkoa wa ''Central River'' na Mkoa wa ''Upper River'', Bintang Bolong inayotenganisha Mkoa wa ''Lower Rive''r kutoka Mkoa wa ''West Coast'', pamoja na vijito vidogo zaidi vya maji kama vile Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, na Sandugu bolongs. == Historia == Wakazi wa mapema zaidi wanaojulikana wa eneo la kando ya Mto Gambia ni pamoja na Wajola, Wabalante, Wabainuk, na Wamanjak. Mgunduzi wa Kikarthaji, Hanno Baharia, huenda alifika Gambia wakati wa msafara wake katika karne ya tano KK (Kabla ya Kristo). Kulingana na historia ya mapokeo ya mdomo (oral tradition), idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji wa Kimandinka kutoka Mali wakiongozwa na Tiramakhan Traore, mmoja wa majenerali wakuu wa Sundiata, walikuja katika eneo hili katika karne ya 14. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wanahistoria wa sasa wanahoji kuwa ni wahamiaji wachache kiasi, hasa wafanyabiashara wa ''jula'', ambao badala yake walisababisha mabadiliko ya taratibu ya kijamii na kiutamaduni yaliyofanya watu wajinasibu na kabila la Mandinka lenye hadhi ya juu pamoja na Dola ya Mali iliyokuwa ikitawala. Wajula hawa waliifanya Gambia kuwa sehemu muhimu ya mtandao mpana wa biashara wa Afrika Magharibi, ambapo chumvi, samaki wenye magome, chuma, nguo, pembe za ndovu, nta ya nyuki, dhahabu, watumwa, ngozi na bidhaa nyinginezo zilibadilishana hadi kufikia Mto Niger na maeneo ya mbali zaidi. Alvise Cadamosto, mgunduzi wa Kivenisi aliyekuwa akifanya kazi kwa ajili ya Wareno, akawa Mzungu wa kwanza kusafiri kwa meli hadi Gambia mnamo mwaka 1455, akiuita mto huo Gambra au Cambra. Vyanzo vingine vya kipindi hicho vinarekodi majina kama vile Guambea, Guabu, na Gambu (pengine ni muunganiko wa makosa, wa wakati huo au katika uandishi wa kihistoria wa baadaye, kati ya jina la mto huo na ufalme wa Kaabu). Wakati wafanyabiashara wa nchi mbalimbali za Ulaya wakifanya biashara kwenye mto Gambia kwa karne mbili baada ya Cadamosto, Usultani/Utemi wa Courland na Semigallia ulikuwa wa kwanza kuanzisha ngome ya kudumu, katika kisiwa walichokiita Kisiwa cha St. Andrew mnamo mwaka 1651. Baada ya kuchukua udhibiti wa kisiwa hicho na kukibadilisha jina kuwa 'St. James' mnamo mwaka 1661, Waingereza walichuana vikali na Wafaransa kuwania utawala wa kibiashara wa mto huo kwa karne moja na nusu iliyofuata. Katika kipindi hiki, falme zilizokuwa kando ya mto Gambia zilijumuisha Niumi (pia ikijulikana kama Barra), Niani, Kantora, Jimara, Kiang, Badibu, Fuladu, Tumana, na Wuli, ambazo zote zimebebesha majina yao kwenye wilaya za Gambia hivi leo. Vituo vikuu vya biashara vilivyopo kwenye mto huo au karibu nao vilijumuisha Barra, Albreda, Juffure, Kisiwa cha James (sasa ni Eneo la Urithi wa Dunia la [[UNESCO]]), Tendaba, Joar, Kisiwa cha MacCarthy, Fattatenda, na Sutukoba. Karibu na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 18, mgunduzi wa Kiskoti Mungo Park alisafiri kuelekea juu ya mto Gambia mara mbili akiwa njiani kuelekea [[Niger (mto)|Mto Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Washington |first=Capt. |date=1838 |title=Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797825 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=8 |pages=448–454 |doi=10.2307/1797825 |issn=0266-6235}}</ref> Mkataba wa Waingereza na Wafaransa wa mwaka 1889 uliweka mipaka ya Eneo la Ulinzi la Gambia na koloni la Senegal kuwa kilomita kumi kaskazini na kusini mwa mto huo kuelekea ndani kabisa ya nchi hadi kufika Yarbutenda (karibu na eneo la sasa la Koina), kukiwa na kipenyo cha duara cha kilomita 10 kuashiria mpaka wa mashariki ikipimwa kutokea katikati ya mji. Kwa hiyo, Waingereza walidhibiti mto huo kwa umbali wote ambao meli za baharini zingeweza kupita. Ingawa mipaka hiyo ilionekana sana kama ya muda mfupi wakati huo, ile iliyowekwa mnamo 1889 imebaki bila kubadilika tangu wakati huo. == Flora and fauna == Wanyama wa majini (fauna) katika bonde la Mto Gambia wanashabihiana kwa karibu sana na wale wa bondei la Mto Senegal, na mabonde haya mawili kwa kawaida huunganishwa chini ya ikolojia moja inayojulikana kama Matunzio ya Maji ya Senegal-Gambia. Ingawa utajiri wa aina mbalimbali za viumbe ni mkubwa kiasi, ni aina tatu tu za vyura na aina moja tu ya samaki ambao wanapatikana katika ikolojia hii pekee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|work=www.feow.org|accessdate=2026-06-23|archive-date=2016-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ziada (''oysters'') huvunwa kutoka Mto Gambia na wanawake na hutumiwa kutengeneza mchuzi wa ziada, ambao ni chakula cha asili katika mapishi ya Gambia. == Picha == [[Faili:Map of the River Gambra (now the Gambia) 1732.JPG|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Gambra (sasa hivi Gambia) ya mwaka 1732]] [[Faili:Gambia satellite fires.jpeg|thumb|Sehemu ya magharibi ya Mto Gambia, inavyoonekana kutoka anga za juu. Mstari huo unaonyesha mpaka wa nchi ya Gambia.]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wa kuelekea juu ya mto, karibu na Kisiwa cha Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|Ukingo wa mto, karibu na Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Ferry.jpg|thumb|Vivuko vya kivuko (pantoni) mtoni, eneo la Janjanbureh]] ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Marejeo == == Viungo vya nje == '''''en:''''' [http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php The Gambia Basin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php |date=20060510044555 }} [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Gambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Senegal]] <references /> [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 1cwuqgf8zj7d32pq39796wo9jl4ahkl 0 7604 1576327 1148322 2026-06-24T07:11:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Umm_Al_Quwain_mangroves_(7267363924).jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mji wa Umm al-Quwain]] [[Picha:Flag of Umm al-Qaiwain.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Umm al-Quwain.]] [[Picha:UAE en-map.png|thumb|350px|Falme za Kiarabu.]] '''Umm al-Quwain''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: أمّ القيوين) ni [[emirati]] mojawapo ya [[Shirikisho]] la [[Falme za Kiarabu]] kwenye [[rasi ya Uarabuni]]. Iko [[kaskazini]] mwa shirikisho, kati ya [[Ajman]] na [[Ras al-Khaimah]]. [[Mtawala]] wake ni [[Sheikh]] [[Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mu'alla]] (الشيخ راشد بن احمد المعلا). [[Utemi]] una wakazi 62,000 ([[2003]]) katika eneo la [[km²]] 750. Haina [[mapato]] makubwa kama [[Abu Dhabi]] kutokana na [[mafuta]], hivyo imebaki [[mji]] mdogo. [[Biashara]] ya wenyeji ilikuwa [[uvuvi]], kujenga [[Boti|maboti]] ya dhau na [[kilimo]] cha [[mitende]] katika [[oasis]] ya Falaj al-mula. Leo hii [[utalii]] umekuwa muhimu. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.UAQ24.com UAQ24.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uaq24.com/ |date=20140211021357 }} - Shopping, Business, Events and more in Umm Al Quwain === Magazeti ya Falme za Kiarabu === * [http://www.gulf-news.com/ Gulf News] * [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/ Khaleej Times] * [http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ Emirates Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ |date=20070907033449 }} * [http://www.7days.ae/ 7 Days] {{Wayback|url=http://www.7days.ae/ |date=20070927000456 }} * [http://www.eveningpost.ae/ Emirates Evening Post] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eveningpost.ae/ |date=20070107193216 }} * [http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ Gulf Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ |date=20070824120443 }} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Falme za Kiarabu]] g5ltut1yuse2utvg188jij69gtibe65 0 7606 1576314 1386488 2026-06-24T05:30:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Al_Khan_Lagoon_by_Night.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mji wa Sharjah]] [[Picha:Flag of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Sharjah]] [[Picha:UAE en-map.png|thumb|300px|Falme za Kiarabu]] '''Sharjah''' ([[Kiar.]]: الشارقة ash-shaariqah) ni jina la [[emirati]] katika shirikisho la [[Falme za Kiarabu]] na pia jina la [[mji mkuu]] wa emirati hii. Ina wakazi 636,000 kwenye eneo la 2,600 km² mwambanoni wa [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]]. == Jiografia == Sharjah ni utemi mkubwa wa tatu kati ya Falme za Kiarabu. Inatawaliwa na Sheikh [[Dr. Sultan al-Qasimi]]. Mji wa Sharja ina wakazi 519,000 ([[2003]] sensa). Iko karibu na miji ya [[Ajman]] na [[Dubai]] na yote mitatu imekuwa sasa rundiko la jiji. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sharjah-welcome.com/ Sharjah Commerce and Tourism Development Authority] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sharjah-welcome.com/ |date=20150315232725 }} * [http://www.shjpolice.gov.ae Sharjah Police] * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/United_Arab_Emirates.html#Sharjah WorldStatesmen] * [http://www.uaeinteract.com/history/e_walk/con_4/con4_34.asp History of Kalba at uaeinteract.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uaeinteract.com/history/e_walk/con_4/con4_34.asp |date=20060523145710 }} * [http://www.sharjahjamaat.org/ The Dawoodi Bohras in Sharjah] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sharjahjamaat.org/ |date=20061205034409 }} ==== Magazeti za Falme za Kiarabu ==== * [http://www.gulf-news.com/ Gulf News] * [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/ Khaleej Times] * [http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ Emirates Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ |date=20070907033449 }} * [http://www.7days.ae/ 7 Days] {{Wayback|url=http://www.7days.ae/ |date=20070927000456 }} * [http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ Gulf Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ |date=20070824120443 }} * [http://www.eveningpost.ae/ Emirates Evening Post] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eveningpost.ae/ |date=20070107193216 }} [[Jamii:Miji ya Falme za Kiarabu]] qkt70cuqhvqg3trrlgnjoszsta4dgrr 0 12583 1576260 1547518 2026-06-23T14:32:39Z Icodense 49270 /* Watu mashuhuri */ -irrelevant person 1576260 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="background: #e3e3e3; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 307px;" ! Nembo ! Ramani |- style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;" | style="width: 140px;" | [[Picha:DEU Stuttgart COA.svg|thumb|130px|Wappen von Stuttgart|Nembo la Stuttgart]] | style="width: 160px;" | [[Picha:Lage der kreisfreien Stadt Stuttgart in Deutschland.png|thumb|140px|Mahali pa Stuttgart katika Ujerumani]] |} [[Picha: Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png|thumbnail|right|280px|Mji wa Stuttgart.]] '''Stuttgart''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Majimbo ya Ujerumani|jimbo]] la [[Baden-Württemberg]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] wenye wakazi 590,000. Mji uko katika [[bonde]] la [[mto Neckar]]. Stuttgart ni [[mji]] mkubwa wa sita wa Ujerumani na [[kitovu]] cha [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] cha Ujerumani [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]]. [[kampuni|Makampuni]] makubwa kama vile [[Daimler]], [[Porsche]], [[Bosch]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Kodak]] na [[IBM]] yana [[makao makuu]] yao kwa ajili ya Ujerumani au hata [[dunia]] nzima huko Stuttgart. == Historia == Wakati wa [[Roma ya Kale]] palikuwa na [[boma]] la Waroma katika eneo la Stuttgart. Mji wenyewe uliundwa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[950]] kama kituo cha kufuga [[farasi]] cha [[mtemi]] wa [[Swabia]]. Tangu mwaka [[1300]] mji umekuwa mji mkuu wa watemi wa [[Württemberg]] walioendelea kujipatia [[cheo]] cha kifalme wakati wa [[vita]] za [[Napoleoni]]. Hivyo Stuttgart ikawa mji mkuu wa [[Ufalme wa Württemberg]] kuanzia mwaka [[1805]] hadi [[1918]]. Baada ya [[mapinduzi]] ya mwaka 1918 Stuttgart ilikuwa mji mkuu wa jimbo la Württemberg na tangu mwaka [[1952]] wa [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Mwaka [[2006]] Stuttgart ilikuwa mahali pa michezo katika mashindano ya [[soka]] duniani. == Watu mashuhuri== * [[Chadrac Akolo]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2017–2019) * [[Roland Emmerich]] alizaliwa huko Stuttgart (1955) * [[Mario Gomez]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2001–2009) * [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] alizaliwa huko Stuttgart (1770) * [[Sami Khedira]] alizaliwa huko Stuttgart (1987) * [[Joshua Kimmich]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2007–2013) * [[Philipp Lahm]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2003–2005) * [[Bernd Leno]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2003–2009) * [[Benjamin Pavard]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2016–2019) * [[Oriol Romeu]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2014–2015) * [[Friedrich Schiller]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (1773–1782) * [[Ingeborg Schwenzer]] alizaliwa huko Stuttgart (1951) * [[Timo Werner]] alifanya kazi huko Stuttgart (2002–2013) [[Picha:Stuttgarter Fußgängerzone.JPG|250px|thumb|Kitovu cha Stuttgart.]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Stuttgart}} * [http://www.stuttgart.de stuttgart.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stuttgart.de/ |date=20100105140153 }} * [http://www.metropole-stuttgart.de/tp3/index.php?id=95 pictures of metropolitan area stuttgart] {{Wayback|url=http://www.metropole-stuttgart.de/tp3/index.php?id=95 |date=20070928042523 }} {{mbegu-jio-Ujerumani}} [[Jamii:Miji mikuu ya majimbo ya Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Baden-Württemberg]] 3ecwgy0rd7y5jgy8jhb5ke7pwiplnds 0 13241 1576334 1384255 2026-06-24T09:41:53Z Benix Mby 36425 1576334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | picha = | tovuti = | maelezo = |Jina=Inspector Haroun|Background=solo_singer|Jina la kuzaliwa=Haroun Rashidi Kahena|tarehe ya kuzaliwa= {{birth date and age|1977|5|02|df=yes}}|mahali pa kuzaliwa=|Aina ya muziki=[[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]|Kazi yake=Mchanaji, mtunzi, mshairi|Ameshirikiana na=Luteni Karama, Juma Nature}} '''Haroun Rashidi Kahena''' (maarufu kama '''Inspector Haroun;''' alizaliwa [[2 Mei|2]] [[2 Mei|Mei]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Temeke]], [[Dar es Salaam]], nchini [[Tanzania]]. Yuko katika kundi la [[Tmk Wanaume Halisi]]. Inspector Haroun ni mtoto wa mzee Kahena aishiye huko Temeke Mikoroshini, jijini [[Dar es Salaam]]. ==Maisha ya muziki== Haroun alianza [[kazi]] muziki mnamo miaka ya [[1990]] na amefanya kazi kadhaa kipindi cha nyuma na wanamuziki wengine tofauti kabla ya kujiunga na [[Tmk Wanaume Halisi]]. Alitoa nyimbo ya kwanza mwaka [[1998]], 'Mauzauza', akiwa na [[Luteni Karama]] kwenye kundi la [[Gangwe Mobb]]. Baada ya hapo wakatoa nyingine mwaka 2000 'Mtu Be,' kisha wakatoa Wimbo wa 'Mtoto wa Geti Kali' ulimpatia umaarufu mkubwa. Aliutoa wimbo huu peke yake ingawa alikuwa bado yupo katika kundi la [[Gangwe Mobb]]. ==Albamu alizotoa akiwa Gangwe Mobb== *Simulizi La Ufasaha (2001) *Nje Ndani (2002) ==Viungo vya Nje== *{{YouTube|fNXcWtTMAkE|Kahena na Mkasi TV}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Inspector Haroun}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Bongo Flava]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Category:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] jb7tdqtbttv6zu4f0jmc2ds1xqr9o1t 0 13275 1576331 1460057 2026-06-24T08:51:31Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Maisha Binafsi */ 1576331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | picha = | tovuti = | maelezo = |Jina=Afande Sele|Background=solo_singer|Jina la kuzaliwa=Seleman Msindi|tarehe ya kuzaliwa= {{birth date and age|1976|4|24|df=yes}}|mahali pa kuzaliwa=[[Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]]|Aina ya muziki=[[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]|Kazi yake=Mchanaji, mtunzi, mshairi|Ameshirikiana na=Lameck Ditto, Belle 9, Solo Thang, [[Professor Jay]], Mr II ‘Sugu'}} '''Afande Sele''' (jina halisi: '''Seleman Msindi'''; alizaliwa [[24 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni msanii wa [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]] na [[Bongo Flava]] kutoka [[Morogoro|Mkoani Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]]. Amewahi kushinda tuzo ya (mkali wa ryhmes) mwaka [[2003]] kutokana na wimbo wake wa "Darubini Kali" aliyomshirikisha ''Dogo Ditto'' kwa sasa Lameck Ditto. Ni muasisi wa makundi ya 'Ghetto Boys' na 'Watu Pori' yaliyoanzishwa na kufia mjini [[Morogoro]] kwa kuongozana na alikuwa msanii wa kwanza kuujaza uwanja wa mpira wa miguu wa Jamhuri mjini [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]] alipozindua albamu yake ya kwanza ya 'Mkuki Moyoni'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BONGO MUSIC FACTS: Huyu ndiye Afande Sele a.k.a Simba Dume|url=https://www.mwanaspoti.co.tz/ms/burudani/bongo-music-facts-huyu-ndiye-afande-sele-a-k-a-simba-dume-4885672|work=Mwanaspoti|date=2025-01-11|accessdate=2025-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Aliongoza kampeni ya [[malaria]] mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[2005]] na [[2007]]. Mwanzoni mwa mwezi Novemba mwaka [[2012]] alitangaza rasmi kufanya kazi kama kundi jipya la ''watu pori'' baada ya kufanya kazi na MC KOBA ambaye ni miongoni mwa waliokuwa wakiunda kundi la watu pori miaka ya nyuma. Ametoa nyimbo nyingi kali zikiwemo MtazamoO, Amani na Upendo, Simba Dume na nyingine nyingi. Afande Sele kwa sasa ana video ya wimbo wake Soma Ule ambayo imeongozwa na mtayarishaji Raph Tz (upcoming video director) aliyepewa heshima na msanii huyo kufanya video hiyo ambayo imekidhi maudhui ya wimbo. == Maisha Binafsi == Afande Sele ana watoto wawili wa kike, Tunda na Sanaa wanaoishi huko mkoani Morogoro. Afande Sele alifiwa na mkewe Asha (Mama Tunda) mnamo [[Agosti 14]], [[2014]]. Kwa sasa Tunda anasoma sekondari iitwayo Charlotte iliyopo maeneo ya Nanenane, mjini [[Morogoro]]. Afande Sele alijiunga na [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama cha]] [[Alliance for Change and Transparency]] (ACT) ambacho kiliongozwa na aliyewahi kuwa Mbunge wa Kigoma Kaskazini kupitia [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] (CHADEMA), [[Kabwe Zuberi Zitto|Zitto Zuberi Kabwe]], akitokea vilevile [[CHADEMA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afande Sele: Nikiwa mbunge nitakuwa bwege sishuki jukwaani|url=https://www.mwanaspoti.co.tz/ms/burudani/afande-sele-nikiwa-mbunge-nitakuwa-bwege-sishuki-jukwaani--3036882|work=Mwanaspoti|date=2021-05-20|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Huku nako hakudumu sana akajivua uanachama wake na kuhamia [[Chama cha Mapinduzi]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Afande Sele atangaza kujiunga na CCM, Aeleza sababu - Bongo5.com|date=2018-03-15|url=http://bongo5.com/afande-sele-atangaza-kujiunga-na-ccm-aeleza-sababu-03-2018/|work=Bongo5.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afande, Sele}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa kizazi kipya]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] gveypme4f4ubviyhc462ea8rycio8ju 1576332 1576331 2026-06-24T09:15:50Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Maisha Binafsi */ 1576332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | picha = | tovuti = | maelezo = |Jina=Afande Sele|Background=solo_singer|Jina la kuzaliwa=Seleman Msindi|tarehe ya kuzaliwa= {{birth date and age|1976|4|24|df=yes}}|mahali pa kuzaliwa=[[Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]]|Aina ya muziki=[[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]|Kazi yake=Mchanaji, mtunzi, mshairi|Ameshirikiana na=Lameck Ditto, Belle 9, Solo Thang, [[Professor Jay]], Mr II ‘Sugu'}} '''Afande Sele''' (jina halisi: '''Seleman Msindi'''; alizaliwa [[24 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni msanii wa [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]] na [[Bongo Flava]] kutoka [[Morogoro|Mkoani Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]]. Amewahi kushinda tuzo ya (mkali wa ryhmes) mwaka [[2003]] kutokana na wimbo wake wa "Darubini Kali" aliyomshirikisha ''Dogo Ditto'' kwa sasa Lameck Ditto. Ni muasisi wa makundi ya 'Ghetto Boys' na 'Watu Pori' yaliyoanzishwa na kufia mjini [[Morogoro]] kwa kuongozana na alikuwa msanii wa kwanza kuujaza uwanja wa mpira wa miguu wa Jamhuri mjini [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]] alipozindua albamu yake ya kwanza ya 'Mkuki Moyoni'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BONGO MUSIC FACTS: Huyu ndiye Afande Sele a.k.a Simba Dume|url=https://www.mwanaspoti.co.tz/ms/burudani/bongo-music-facts-huyu-ndiye-afande-sele-a-k-a-simba-dume-4885672|work=Mwanaspoti|date=2025-01-11|accessdate=2025-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Aliongoza kampeni ya [[malaria]] mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[2005]] na [[2007]]. Mwanzoni mwa mwezi Novemba mwaka [[2012]] alitangaza rasmi kufanya kazi kama kundi jipya la ''watu pori'' baada ya kufanya kazi na MC KOBA ambaye ni miongoni mwa waliokuwa wakiunda kundi la watu pori miaka ya nyuma. Ametoa nyimbo nyingi kali zikiwemo MtazamoO, Amani na Upendo, Simba Dume na nyingine nyingi. Afande Sele kwa sasa ana video ya wimbo wake Soma Ule ambayo imeongozwa na mtayarishaji Raph Tz (upcoming video director) aliyepewa heshima na msanii huyo kufanya video hiyo ambayo imekidhi maudhui ya wimbo. == Maisha Binafsi == Afande Sele ana watoto wawili wa kike, Tunda na Sanaa wanaoishi huko mkoani Morogoro. Afande Sele alifiwa na mkewe Asha (Mama Tunda) mnamo [[Agosti 14]], [[2014]]. Kwa sasa Tunda anasoma sekondari iitwayo Charlotte iliyopo maeneo ya Nanenane, mjini [[Morogoro]]. Afande Sele alijiunga na [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama cha]] [[Alliance for Change and Transparency]] (ACT) ambacho kiliongozwa na aliyewahi kuwa Mbunge wa Kigoma Kaskazini kupitia [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] (CHADEMA), [[Kabwe Zuberi Zitto|Zitto Zuberi Kabwe]], akitokea vilevile [[CHADEMA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afande Sele: Nikiwa mbunge nitakuwa bwege sishuki jukwaani|url=https://www.mwanaspoti.co.tz/ms/burudani/afande-sele-nikiwa-mbunge-nitakuwa-bwege-sishuki-jukwaani--3036882|work=Mwanaspoti|date=2021-05-20|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Huku nako hakudumu sana akajivua uanachama wake na kuhamia [[Chama cha Mapinduzi]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Afande Sele atangaza kujiunga na CCM, Aeleza sababu - Bongo5.com|date=2018-03-15|url=http://bongo5.com/afande-sele-atangaza-kujiunga-na-ccm-aeleza-sababu-03-2018/|work=Bongo5.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref> Baada ya kuwa nje ya mahusiano kwa miaka zaidi ya 10 tangu kifo cha mkewe (Mama Tunda) mnamo Agosti 5, 2025, Afande Sele alimvisha pete ya uchumba mpenzi wake wa siku nyingi, Iman Makongoro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afande Sele alipa mahari ya Sh5 milioni, ng’ombe kuvuta jiko|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/burudani/afande-sele-alipa-mahari-ya-sh5-milioni-ng-ombe-kuvuta-jiko-5153212|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-08-13|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Desemba 6, 2025 walifunga ndoa rasmi kwa mujibu wa sheria za ndoa ya kiserikali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afande Sele Afunga Ndoa na Wema Makongoro Morogoro|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2025/12/07/afande-sele-afunga-ndoa-na-wema-makongoro-morogoro/|work=Global Publishers|date=2025-12-07|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Global Publishers}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Afande, Sele}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa kizazi kipya]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] qp1t589530e4fspu2whoqgpbsvrlb44 0 15961 1576303 1299762 2026-06-24T00:29:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina = Mbuzi-kaya | picha = Goat family.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Mbuzi na mwanawe | domeni = | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small> | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] <small>(Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)</small> | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] <small>(Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni)</small> | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] <small>(Wanyama wanaocheua)</small> | familia_ya_juu = | familia = [[Bovidae]] <small>(Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]])</small> | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Caprinae]] <small>(Wanyama wanaofanana na [[mbuzi]])</small> | jenasi = ''[[Capra]]'' <small>(Mbuzi)</small> | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | spishi = ''[[Capra aegagrus|C. aegagrus]]'' <small>(Mbuzi-mwitu)</small> | bingwa_wa_spishi = [[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777 | nususpishi = ''[[Capra aegagrus hircus|C. a. hircus]]'' <small>(Mbuzi-kaya)</small> | bingwa_wa_nususpishi = (Linnaeus, 1758) }} [[Picha:Geitenmelk.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Mbuzi akikamuliwa [[maziwa]].]] '''Mbuzi-kaya''' ni [[mnyama]] katika [[ngeli]] ya [[mamalia]] ambaye huzaa na kunyonyesha mwenye [[miguu]] minne na mwenye [[tabia]] zinazofanana na [[ng'ombe]]. Kwa ukubwa, mbuzi aliyekomaa ni pungufu ya [[theluthi]] moja ya ng'ombe aliyekomaa. Mbuzi-kaya, kama alivyo n'gombe, ni [[Mifugo|mnyama anayefugika]]. Hufugwa kwa ajili ya [[nyama]], [[maziwa]] na [[ngozi]] yake. Kwani nyama na maziwa ni [[chakula]], na ngozi kufanywa [[Kiatu|viatu]], [[mshipi|mishipi]] na [[mkoba|mikoba]] pia. Mbuzi-kaya hula [[majani]], hucheua na kutafuna tafuna chakula chake mara kadhaa ilhali kikizunguka kati ya vyumba mbalimbali vya [[tumbo]] na [[mdomo]] wake kabla ya kukimeza kabisa, kama vile afanyavyo ng'ombe. Mara nyingi mbuzi-kaya hubeba [[mimba]] na kuzaa [[mapacha]] kadhaa. Mbuzi ni kati ya wanyama wa kwanza waliofugwa na [[binadamu]]. Kuna [[spishi]] za kufugwa na spishi za porini. ====Faida za mbuzi==== Kuna faida nyingi za mbuzi aina hizo ni: *(i) Hutupatia ngozi kwa ajili ya kutengenezea vitu kama viatu. *(ii) Hutupatia nyama. *(iii) Hutupatia [[kwato]] kwa ajili ya kutengenezea vitu kama vishikizo vya [[nguo]]. *(iv) Hutupatia maziwa. == Viungo vya nje == {{Commonscat|Goats}} * [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/ Goat breeds] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/ |date=20080925153835 }} * [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/library/Goats.html Goat resources] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/library/Goats.html |date=20080705065207 }} * [http://goatseeker.com/guides/goat-care-and-feeding Goat care and feeding guide] {{Wayback|url=http://goatseeker.com/guides/goat-care-and-feeding |date=20160411151530 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/19991006022600/http://members.aol.com/RVSNorton/Lincoln33.html Abraham Lincoln's sons kept pet goats inside the White House] * [http://www.adga.org/ The American Dairy Goat Association Home Page] * [http://www.karmadillo.com Ruminations, The Nigerian Dwarf and Mini Dairy Goat Magazine] * [http://www.americangoatsociety.com American Goat Society] * [http://miniaturedairygoats.com Miniature Dairy Goat Association] * [http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0918/p01s03-ussc.html How to keep fires down in California scrub: Chew it.] * [http://www.iga-goatworld.org/ International Goat Association] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iga-goatworld.org/ |date=20070520052859 }} {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.3}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Biblia]] qqlti6lkx7sjgjciitu3far6icpgrpc 0 32630 1576275 1500469 2026-06-23T17:32:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:GSM Logo.svg|thumb|190px|Alama ya GSM hutumika kutambua simu na vifaa vinavyoweza kukubana]] '''Global Systems for Mobile Communication''' (GSM) ni [[kiwango]] cha [[rununu]] duniani. Inakisiwa kwamba 80% ya simu katika soko la kimataifa zinatumia kiwango hiki. <ref>{{cite web | title = GSM World statistics | publisher = GSM Association | date = 2007 | url = http://www.gsmworld.com/newsroom/market-data/market_data_summary.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120113231018/http://www.gsmworld.com/newsroom/market-data/market_data_summary.htm | archivedate = 2012-01-13 }}</ref> GSM hutumiwa na zaidi ya watu [[bilioni]] 3 katika nchi na maeneo zaidi ya 212. <ref>{{cite web | title = About GSM Association | publisher = GSM Association | url = http://www.gsmworld.com/about/index.shtml | accessdate = 2007-01-08 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081019014613/http://www.gsmworld.com/about/index.shtml | archivedate = 2008-10-19 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | title = Two Billion GSM Customers Worldwide | publisher = 3G Americas | date = 13 Juni 2006 | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/06-13-2006/0004379206&EDATE= | accessdate = 2007-01-08 }}</ref> Kuenea kwake kunawezesha "international roaming " ambapo watoaji wa huduma za simu za runuunu hutoa huduma inayowezesha wateja kutumia simu zao hata wanaposafiri mataifa mengine. GSM hutofautiana na kampuni tangulizi kwa vile njia za kuashiria na sauti ni za aina ya [[dijitali]], na hivyo ''hufikiriwa kama'' kizazi cha ''pili'' ([[2G]]) cha mfumo wa simu za rununu. Hii ina maana kuwa ni rahisi kuweka takwimu ya mawasiliano kwenye mfumo. [[GSM EDGE]] ni [[toleo la 3G]] la itifaki hii. Kuenenea kwa kiwango cha GSM kumefaidi watumizi (ambao wamenufaika na uwezo wa kusafiri na kubadilisha watoa huduma za simu bila haja ya kubalisha simu) na pia kwa watoa huduma za mtandao wa simu (ambao wanaweza kuchagua vifaa kutoka kwa mchuuzi yeyote ambaye anatekeleza huduma ya GSM [8]. GSM pia ilitanguliza katika huduma ya gharama ya chini (kwa mchukuzi wa mtandao) mbadala kwa kupiga simu za sauti, [[huduma]] ya [[ujumbe mfupi]] (sms, pia huitwa "ujumbe wa makala"), ambayo sasa imeungwa mkono na viwango vingine vya simu za rununu Faida nyingine ni kwamba kiwango hicho kimoja kinajumuisha [[namba moja ya simu za dharura, 112]],duniani kote <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_100575 |title=Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) |accessdate=2009-12-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101201450/http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=pc_100575 |archivedate=2010-01-01 }}</ref> Hii inafanya kuwa rahisi kwa wasafiri wa kimataifa kuunganishwa na huduma za dharura bila kujua namba ya dharura ya nchi waliyomo. Matoleo ya hivi punde ya kiwango hiki yanaweza kufanya kazi na simu za awali za GSM. Kwa mfano, [[Toleo '97]] la kiwango liliongeza uwezo wa takwimu za pakiti, kwa kutumia '[[General Packet Radio Service]]' (GPRS). Toleo '99 lilianzisha usambazaji wa takwimu kwa kasi ya juu kwa kutumia [[Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution]] (edge). == Historia == Mnamo mwaka wa 1982, [[Mkutano wa Ulaya wa usimamizi wa Posta na Mawasiliano (CEPT)]] uliunda [[Groupe Special Mobile]] (GSM) ili kukuza kiwango cha mfumo wa simu za rununu zinazoweza kutumika kote Ulaya. <ref>{{cite web | title = Brief History of GSM & GSMA | publisher = GSM World | url = http://www.gsmworld.com/about-us/history.htm | accessdate = 2007-01-08 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5yRQRGPgH?url=http://www.gsmworld.com/about-us/history.htm | archivedate = 2011-05-05 }}</ref> Mwaka 1987, [[mkataba wa maelewano]] ulitiwa saini na mataifa 13 ili kuunda mfumo wa simu za rununu za kutumiwa kote Ulaya. <ref>{{cite news | title = Happy 20th birthday, GSM | publisher = [[ZDNet]] | url = http://news.zdnet.co.uk/leader/0,1000002982,39289154,00.htm | date = 2007-09-07 | accessdate = 2007-09-07 | archivedate = 2008-10-20 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081020002543/http://news.zdnet.co.uk/leader/0,1000002982,39289154,00.htm }}</ref> <ref>{{cite pressrelease | title = Global Mobile Communications is 20 years old | publisher = [[GSM Association]] | url = http://www.gsmworld.com/news/press_2007/press07_48.shtml | date = 2007-09-06 | accessdate = 2007-09-07 | archivedate = 2007-09-29 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102739/http://www.gsmworld.com/news/press_2007/press07_48.shtml | deadurl = yes }}</ref> Hatimaye mfumo ulioundwa na [[SINTEF]] iliyoongozwa naye[[Torleiv Maseng]] ulichaguliwa. <ref>{{cite news | title = Inventor of the GSM system | work = [[Gemini (magazine)|Gemini]] | url = http://www.ntnu.no/gemini/2005-01e/gsm.htm | accessdate = 2008-10-31 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326082458/http://www.ntnu.no/gemini/2005-01e/gsm.htm | archivedate = 2009-03-26 }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1989, jukumu la GSM lilihamishiwa kwa shirika la [[European Telecommunications Standards Institute]] (ETSI) na awamu ya kwanza ya maelezo ya GSM ilichapishwa mwaka 1990. Mtandao wa GSM wa kwanza ulizinduliwa mwaka wa 1991 na [[Radiolinja]] nchini [[Finland]] kwa ushiriakiano wa kampuni ya Ericsson katika matengenezo ya miundombinu na ya kiufundi. <ref>{{cite web | title = Nokia delivers first phase GPRS core network solution to Radiolinja, Finland | publisher = Nokia | date = 24 Januari 2000 | url = http://press.nokia.com/PR/200001/775038_5.html | accessdate = 2006-01-08 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060321231749/http://press.nokia.com/PR/200001/775038_5.html | archivedate = 2006-03-21 }}</ref> Kufikia mwisho wa 1993, zaidi ya wateja milioni walikuwa wanatumia mitandao ya simu ya GSM iliyokuwa ikiendeshwa na watoa huduma 70 katika nchi 48. <ref>{{cite web | title = History and Timeline of GSM | publisher = Emory University | url = http://www.emory.edu/BUSINESS/et/P98/gsm/history.html | accessdate = 2006-01-09 | archive-date = 2014-07-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140716063002/http://www.emory.edu/BUSINESS/et/P98/gsm/history.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> == Vipengele vya Teknolojia == [[Picha:Kathrein antenna.jpg|100px|thumb|Seli za antena zilizoko katika makavazi ya Deutsches]] === Mtandao wa redio wa seli === [[GSM ni mtandao wa seli]], ina maana kuwa [[simu za]] rununu zinajiunganisha nayo kwa kutafuta seli katika maeneo ya karibu. Kuna aina tano ya seli zinazotofautishwa na ukubwa katika mtandao wa [[GSM-macro, micro, Pico, femto]] na Umbrella. Eneo la usambazaji wa kila seli linatofautiana kulingana na mazingira ya utekelezaji. Seli za 'Macro' zinaweza tizamwa kama seli ambapo [[kituo cha wigo cha antena]] kimewekwa juu ya mlingoti au jengo lenye urefu zaidi ya paa za wastani. Seli za 'Micro' ni zile ambazo urefu wa antena ni chini ya wastani wa kiwango cha juu cha paa; nazo kwa kawaida hutumika katika maeneo ya mijini. Seli za 'Pico' ni seli ndogo zenye mpenyo wa mita chache; nazo hutumika sana nyumbani. Femtocells ni seli iliyoundwa kwa matumizi katika makazi au mazingira ya biashara ndogo na kuunganishwa na mtandao wa mtoa huduma ya simu kupitia mtandao wa mawasiliano ya kimataifa kwa njia ya broadband Seli ya umbrella hutumiwa kufunika maeneo ya seli ndogo na kujaza pengo katika uenezaji wa huduma na seli hizo. Mpenyo wa mlalo wa seli unatofautiana kutoka mita mia kadhaa hadi kufikia kilomita zaidi ya kumi kwa kutegemea urefu wa antena, faida ya antena na hali ya kueneza. Umbali mrefu sana unaoweza kuhudumiwa na GSM katika matumizi ya kawaida ni {{convert|35|km|mi|0}} Pia kuna matekelezo kadhaa ya dhana ya seli iliyopanuliwa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-electronics-manufacturing/6838169-1.html |title=Motorola inaonyesha uwezo mkubwa wa GSM ya masafa marefu - 300% zaidi ya kutoa huduma kwa kutumia New Extended Cel. |accessdate=2009-12-02 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219003334/http://www.allbusiness.com/electronics/computer-electronics-manufacturing/6838169-1.html }}</ref> ambapo nusu kipenyo ya seli inaweza kuwa mara mbili au hata zaidi, kwa kutegemea mfumo wa antena, aina ya Mandhari na [[maendeleo katika upimaji muda.]] Matumizi ya ndani pia yanawezeshwa kwa kutumia kituo cha picocell ya ndani, au [[chombo cha kurudia]] na antena za kusambazwa za ndani zipitishwazo kwa njia za kugawanyia umeme, ili kufikisha ishara za redio kutoka kwa antena zilizo nje kwenda kwa mfumo huru ya antena za ndani. Aina hizi kwa kawaida hutumika wakati uwezo mwingi wa simu unahitajika ndani; kwa mfano, vituo vya biashara au viwanja vya ndege. Hata hivyo, hii haihitajiki mwanzoni, kwani mpenyo wa ndani pia unatolewa na kupenya vyumba kwa ishara za redio kutoka kwa seli zozote zilizoko karibu [[Mpangilio]] unaotumika katika GSM ni [[Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)]], ,ambayo ni aina ya awamu endelevu [[ya kuweka habari .]] Katika GMSK, ishara ambayo inafaa kupeperushwa kwanza inalainishwa kwa kutumia kichungi cha [[Gaussian]] kabla ya kupitishwa kwa [[kichunga masafa]], ambacho kinapunguza sana [[kuingilia]] mikondo jirani (adjacent channel interference). Gsm ni teknolojia ya jua na [http://voiptoners.com VoIP] {{Wayback|url=http://voiptoners.com/ |date=20171029065646 }} ni ya baadaye kwa mawasiliano ya sauti kama ya leo. === Kuingilia vifaa vya kusikiliza === Baadhi ya vifaa vya kusikiliza vimo hatarini kutokana na [[]]kuingiliwa na Radio [[Frequency Interference]] (RFI), ambayo inaweza kupunguzwa kwa kutumia kinga zaidi / au kwa kutumia kapasita ya kupenya katika vifaa vya sauti. Hata hivyo, ni vigumu kwa mtungaji kutetea kuongezeka kwa gharama ya kufanya hivyo. <ref>{{cite web | title = Managing Noise in Cell-Phone Handsets | publisher = Maxim Integrated Products | date = 2001-01-24 | url = http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/668 | accessdate = 2009-04-22 | archivedate = 2009-10-31 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091031215734/http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/668 }}</ref> Ni kawaida kwa simu ya rununu ya GSM iliyoko karibu kusababisha sauti ya "dit, dit di-dit, dit di-dit, dit di-dit" kutoka kwa mitambo ya mawasiliano ya umma (PAs), vipaza sauti visivyotumia nyaya, redio za nyumbani, runinga, kompyuta, simu zisizo na nyaya, na vifaa vya kibinafsi vya muziki. Wakati vifaa hivi vya kusikiliza viko karibu na [[eneo]] la [[/0} simu ya GSM, ishara ya redio ina nguvu ya kutosha hadi kuvifanya vifaa hivi kuwa vipokezi.|/0} simu ya GSM, ishara ya redio ina nguvu ya kutosha hadi kuvifanya vifaa hivi kuwa[[vipokezi.]]]] Kelele ya kubonyeza yenyewe huashiria miilipuko ya nguvu zinazobeba ishara ya [[TDMA]]. Ishara hizi zinatambuliwa kwa kuingilia vifaa vingine vya kielekroniki kama vile redio za gari pamoja na vifaa vya redio sogezi. Hii pia hutegemea muundo wa simu, na jinsi inavyofuata sheria na kanuni zilizotengwa na masharti [[ya Title 47 CFR Part 15]] nchini Marekani, inayofungamana na kuingiliwa na vifaa vya kielekroniki === Mikondo ya GSM === Mitandao ya GSM hufanya kazi katika mikondo kadhaa (iliyogawanywa kwa [[mikondo ya GSM ya 2G na]] kwa [[mikondo ya bendi]] ya [[UMTS]] ya 3G). Nyingi ya mitandao ya [[2G]] ya GSM hufanya kazi katika mikondo ya megawati 900 au megawati 1800 Baadhi ya nchi za Amerika (zikiwemo Kanada na Marekani) hutumia megawati 850 na 1900 kwa sababu bendi za 900 na 1800 zilikuwa tayari zimetengwa. Mitandao mingi ya GSM ya [[3G]], katika Ulaya hufanya kazi katika mikondo ya megawati 2100. Mikondo haba ya megawati 400 na 450 zimepeanwa katika mataifa mengine ambamo mikondo hii awali ilitumika kwa mifumo ya kizazi cha kwanza GSM-900 hutumia megawati 890-915 kutuma habari kutoka [[kituo cha simu]] hadi [[stesheni ya msingi|stesheni ya msingi (uplink) na megawati 935-960 kwa mwelekeo huo mwingine(downlink), kutoa mikondo 125 ya RF (mikondo nambari 1-124) imegawanywa kwa nafasi za kilowati 200. Mgawanyo unaotumika ni wa njia mbili na ni wa megawati 45. Katika baadhi ya nchi mkondo wa GSM-900 umekuwa ukipanuliwa kufunika mkondo mkubwa wa masafa. Hii 'extended GSM', E-GSM, yaani GSM iliyopanuliwa, inatumia megawati 880-915 katika (uplink) na 925-960 katika (downlink), kuongeza mikondo 50(mikondo 975-1023 na 0) kwa bendi asili ya GSM-900. [[Time division Multiplexing kwa zamu hutumiwa]] kuruhusu mikondo minane mizima au mikondo kumi na sita nusu ya sauti kwa kila mkondo wa [[ishara ya redio]]. Kuna vipindi vinane vya redio (vinavyotoa vipindi vinane vya [[mipasuko)]] vilivyowekwa pamoja katika fremu ya [[TDMA]]. Mikondo ya nusu muda hutumia fremu badala katika kipindi kimoja cha muda. Kiwango cha data kwa mikondo yote 8 ni 270.833 kbit/s, na muda wa fremu ni 40615 ms. Nguvu za kutuma za rununu ni mdogo kwa upeo wa wati 2 katika GSM850/900 na wati 1 katika GSM1800/1900. === Kodeki za Sauti === GSM imetumia [[kodeki za sauti mbalimbali]]ili kutia kilowati 3.1 za odio ndani ya 6.5 na 13 Kbit / s. Mwanzoni, kodeki mbili, zilizopewa majina baada ya aina ya mikondo ya data zilizopelekewa,zilitumika, ziliitwa [[kiwango nusu]] (6,5 Kbit / s) na [[kiwango kamili]] (13 Kbit / s). Hizi zilitumia mfumo wa msingi uliotegemea [[linear predictive CODING]] (LPC). Mbali na kuwa na ufanisi na bitrates, kodeki hizi zilifanya iwe rahisi kubaini maeneo muhimu zaidi ya kusikiliza, na kuruhusu safu ya hewa kuchagua na kulinda vyema zaidi sehemu zilizo muhimu za ishara. GSM iliimarishwa zaidi mwaka wa 1997 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/06_series/06.51/0651-401.zip |publisher=ETSI |title=GSM 06.51 version 4.0.1 |date=Desemba 1997 |format=ZIP |accessdate=2007-09-05}}</ref> na kodeki aina ya Enhanced Full-rate(EFR), ya 12.2 Kbit / s inayotumia mkondo mzima wa ishara. Hatimaye, kwa maendeleo ya [[UMTS]], EFR iliingizwa upya katika kodeki ya variable -rate inayoitwa [[Amr-Narrowband]], ambayo ni ya kiwango cha juu cha ubora na imara dhidi ya kuingiliwa wakati wa kutumiwa katika kiwango kamili , na kidogo ingawa imara kwa ubora wakati wa kutumiwa katika redio nzuri kwa kipimo nusu. === Muundo wa Mtandao === [[Picha:Gsm network.png|thumbnail|405px|right|Muundo wa mtandao wa GSM]] Mtandao nyuma ya '''GSM''' unaoonwa na mteja ni mkubwa na mgumu kuelewa ili kutoa huduma zote zinazohitajika. Imegawanywa katika sehemu kadhaa na kila mojawapo imeangaziwa katika makala tofauti. * [[Sehemu ya mfumo wa]] Kituo cha msingi [[(vituo vya msingi na]] vidhibiti vyao). * [[Mtandao na sehemu ya mfumo wa swichi]] (sehemu ya mtandao inayofanana zaidi na mtandao uliowekwa mahala pamoja). Hii mara nyingine huitwa kiini cha mtandao . * [[Kiini]] cha [[mtandao wa GPRS]] (sehemu inayoruhusu mawasiliano ya Intanet yanayotegemea pakiti). * Vipengele vyote katika mfumo vinachangia katika kutoa huduma nyingi za [[GSM]] [[kama vile]] simu za sauti [[na ujumbe mfupi, yaani SMS]]. === Kitambulishi mteja, "Subscriber Identity Module" (SIM) === Mojawapo ya sifa za GSM muhimu ni [[kitambulishi mteja]], kwa kawaida kinajulikana kama '''kadi ya SIM.''' SIM ni [[kadi 'erevu' inayoweza kutolewa]] yenye habari kumhusu mteja na pia iliyo na nambari za simu anazozihifadhi mteja Hii inamruhusu mteja kuhifadhi habari zake hata baada ya kubadilisha simu. Vinginevyo mtumizi anaweza kubadilisha mtoa huduma za simu kwa kubadilisha tu kadi ya SIM. Baadhi ya watoa huduma watazuia jambo hili kwa kuifanya simu itumike na kadi ya SIM moja tu, au kadi ya SIM iliyotolewa nao tu, jambo linalojulikana kama [[kufunga SIM]], na ni hatia katika baadhi ya nchi. Nchini [[Australia]], [[Amerika]] ya [[Kaskazini]] na [[Ulaya]] watoa huduma hufunga simu wanazouza. Hii inafanywa kwa sababu bei ya simu kwa kawaida [[inatolewa ruzuku]] na mapato kutoka uandikishaji, na watoa huduma wanataka kujaribu kuepuka kuwatolea ruzuku washindani wao. Mteja anaweza kuwasiliana na mtoa huduma ili aifungue kwa malipo, au atumie huduma za kibinafsi kuifungua, au atumie programu zilizoko katika tovuti za mtandao kujifungulia mwenyewe. Wakati tovuti zingine zinatoa huduma hiyo kwa malipo zingine zinatoa huduma hii bure. Kufunga kunahusiana na simu, zinazobainishwa na namba ya [[International Mobile Equipment Identity]] (IMEI), si kwa akaunti (ambayo inabainishwa na [[kadi ya SIM]]). Katika baadhi ya nchi kama vile [[Bangladesh]], [[Ubelgiji]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Pakistan]] na [[Singapore]], simu zote zinauzwa kama hazijafungwa. Hata hivyo, katika Ubelgiji, ni kinyume na sheria kwa watoa huduma kutoa aina yoyote ya ruzuku kwa bei za simu. Hali ilikuwa hivyo nchini Finland hadi 1 Aprili 2006, wakati kuuza kwa mchanganyiko wa simu na kutoa huduma zilizotolewa ruzuku ilipohalalishwa ([[simu za 3G]] tu), ingawa watoahuduma lazima wafunge simu baada ya kipindi fulani (kisichozidi miezi 24). Nchini New Zealand, tangu Mei 2008, ni haramu kwa watoa huduma kufunga simu, na simu yoyote inayonunuliwa ikiwa imefungwa nchini kabla ya tarehe hiyo inaweza funguliwa bila malipo.. === Usalama wa GSM === GSM ilirasimiwa na uwezo wa kadri wa usalama. Mfumo ulibuniwa kumtambulisha mteja kwa kutumia [[ufunguo wa ushirikiano wa awali]] na [[kujibu changamoto]] Mawasiliano kati ya mteja na stesheni ya msingi yanaweza kufanywa yawe ya siri. Maendeleo ya [[UMTS]] yanatanguliza chaguo la [[USIM]], linalotumia kifuguo kirefu cha utambulishi na kuleta usalama wa juu zaidi, vilevile kuutambulisha mtandao na mtumizi- ilhali GSM inamtambulisha tu mtumizi kwa mtandao (na si kinyume chake). Mtindo huo wa usalama hutoa siri na kujitambulisha, lakini uwezo mdogo wa kujitambulisha na wa [[kukanusha.]] GSM inatumia mipangilio ya kisayansi kadhaa kwa minajil ya usalama. Mikondo ya siri ya [[A5 / 1]] na [[A5 / 2]] s hutumiwa kwa kuhakikisha sauti haisikizwi hewani. A5 / 1 ilitengenezwa kwanza na ni mpangilio wenye nguvu na hutumika Ulaya na Marekani; A5 / 2 ni dhaifu kiasi na hutumiwa katika nchi nyingine. Mibabuko ya udhaifu imepatikana katika mipangilio hiyo miwili: inawezekana kuvunja A5 / 2 katika muda halisi na kwa [[shambulio nakala ya siri-tu]], na katika Februari 2008, Pico Computing, Inc ilifichua uwezo na mipango yake kuuza [[FPGA]] zinazowezesha A5 / 1 kuvunjwa na shambulizi [[la]] upinde wa [[meza]]. <ref> http://blog.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2008/02/research_may_spell_end_of_mobi.html</ref> Mfumo unaweza chechesha mipangilio kadhaa ili watoa huduma waweze kubadilisha kwa mwandiko wa siri. == Habari ya Viwango == Mifumo ya GSM na huduma imeelezewa katika seti ya viwango inayotawalwa na [[Etsi]], ambapo orodha kamili imedumishwa. <ref> [http://webapp.etsi.org/key/key.asp?full_list=y tovuti ya Etsi tovuti]</ref> === Mfano wa makadirio === * GSM 07,07 "katika seti ya GSM Mobile Equipment (ME)" inaelezea amri kuu za AT za kuwasiliana kupitia kusano ya kufuatanisha na sehemu ya mfumo wa GSM ya simu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ctiforum.com/standard/standard/etsi/0707.pdf |title=TS 100 916 - V07.04.00 - Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment (ME) (GSM 07.07 version 7.4.0 Release 1998) |accessdate=2009-12-02 |archivedate=2009-04-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419213411/http://www.ctiforum.com/standard/standard/etsi/0707.pdf }}</ref> Kwa maelezo zaidi, angalia [[seti amri za Hayes]]. * [[3GPP]] TS 27.007 - AT amri zilizowekwa kwa vifaa vya mtumizi, 'User Equipment' (UE). <ref>[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/27007.htm 3GPP Specification: 27.007]</ref> * GSM 07,05 ina amri za ziada za AT kwa sms na [[CBS.]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ctiforum.com/standard/standard/etsi/0705.pdf |title=GTS 07.05 - Version 5.5.0 - Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Use of Data Terminal Equipment - Data Circuit terminating; Equipment (DTE - DCE) interface for Short Message Service |accessdate=2009-12-02 |archivedate=2009-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611191232/http://www.ctiforum.com/standard/standard/etsi/0705.pdf }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.developershome.com/sms/ Huduma ya ujumbe mfupi / somo la SMS]</ref> == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|GSM Standard}} * [http://www.gsmworld.com/ GSM Association - kundi linalowakilisha watoa huduma wa GSM (tovuti rasmi)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gsmworld.com/ |date=20110222090438 }} - hujumuisha ramani za kote kunakofikiwa kwa wanachama wote * [http://www.3gpp.org 3GPP - kundi la kuweka viwango vya GSM na aina ya viwango inapatikana bila malipo] * [http://www.qrctech.com/freq_chart_24x36.pdf Chati ya Upinde wa ishara] {{Wayback|url=http://www.qrctech.com/freq_chart_24x36.pdf |date=20090327122221 }} * [http://www.wifinotes.com/mobile-communication-technologies/gsm-architechture.html Miundombinu na jinsi mitandao ya GSM ifanyavyo kazi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wifinotes.com/mobile-communication-technologies/gsm-architechture.html |date=20090813064712 }} * [http://www.gsmfordummies.com Mafunzo ya GSM ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gsmfordummies.com/ |date=20160430120129 }} * [http://www.grc.com/sn/sn-213.htm Kufungua simu za GSM (tangazo na nakala elezo).] {{DEFAULTSORT:GSM}} [[Jamii:Simu]] [[Jamii:Shirika lililoanzishwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] oguzolkdf1h0nqggnjznz9q8q0vqsta 0 34969 1576300 1465252 2026-06-23T22:54:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucas Sang''' ([[12 Februari]] [[1961]]<ref>[http://digilander.libero.it/atletica2/Stagionali/WRL/1990/800.htm Spreadsheet of World Athletics results (1990)] {{Wayback|url=http://digilander.libero.it/atletica2/Stagionali/WRL/1990/800.htm |date=20180522175604 }} including Lucas Sang's date of birth ''(Italian)''</ref> - [[1 Januari]] [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Kenya]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Mashindano ya Olimpiki ya 1988]] yaliyofanyika kule [[Seoul]] katika timu ya [[Kenya]] ya shindano la 4 x 400 iliyofika finali na kumaliza ya nane. Pia alishiriki katika shindano la mita 400 lakini akashindwa kufika nusu fainali<ref>Full Olympians: [http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/stathm4.html Athletics - Men's 400 m]</ref>. ==Kazi yake== Sang alishiriki katika mashindano ya [[All- Africa Games]] ya [[1987]] jijini Nairobi, [[Ubingwa wa Afrika wa Riadha]] mnamo mwaka [[1998]] na [[Kombe la Dunia la Riadha]] la [[1998]]<ref name="poll">The Standard, 3 Januari 2008: [http://eastandard.net/archives/index.php?mnu=details&id=1143979865 Poll violence claim former athlete Sang]</ref>. Hatimaye alibadilisha kwenda mbio za mita 800 lakini akashindwa kuwika kwa sababu ya changamoto kutoka kwa Wakenya wengine katika mbio hizo. Baadaye alijulikana kama ''pacemaker'' kwa Wanariadha wa Kenya na Mataifa mengine. Alikuwa katika timu ya Kenya ya Majeshi ya Riadha. ==Kazi Baada ya Kustaafu== Baada ya kustaafu Sang alikuwa mkulima aliyekuwa na shamba kubwa kule [[Moiben]], [[Wilayaya Uasin Gishu]] ya [[Kenya]]<ref name="poll" />. Pia alikuwa mfanyabiashara akishirikiana na [[Moses Tanui]], aliyekuwa bingwa wa Dunia katika mbio za mita 10,000. Pia alikuwa akijishughulisha na Uongozi katika michezo. Hadi kifo chake, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Shirikisho la Kitaifa la Wanaolimpiki wa Kenya (NAKO)<ref>IAAF, 3 Januari 2008: [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=2/newsid=42811.html Violence in Kenya claims Lucas Sang, 1988 Olympian] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=2/newsid=42811.html |date=20110605122543 }}</ref>. ==Kifo chake== Baada ya ripoti za mwanzo kuwa Sang ameuawa, ilidhihirika baadaye kuwa alivamiwa na kuuawa na genge lililokuwa na mawe <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080106153700/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,23009714-5003402,00.html Olympic athlete stoned to death] by Tim Cocks, CourierMail.com.au, 5 Januari 2008 05:27am</ref> katika mji wa [[Eldoret]] [[Siku ya Mwaka Mpya]] wa 2008 akiwa njiani kuelekea nyumbani kwake [[Kisumu]] wakati wa [[Ghasia baada ya Uchaguzi wa 2007 wa Kenya]] kutokana na utata katika Uchaguzi wa Rais. Baada ya kugongwa kichwani na mwamba, mwili wa Sang uliteketezwa na genge hilo, ambalo linaaminika kuwa lilimchukulia kuwa wa kabila jingine shindani. Ripoti nyingine zinaarifu kuwa Sang aliuawa na jirani zake [[Wakikuyu]] alipoliongoza kundi la vijana wa [[Kikalinjin]] kuwashambulia. Habari hizi zilitolewa kwa tovuti ya [[ESPN]] na Mkikuyu mmoja anayedai ni mmoja wa washambuliaji na pia Mkalenjin ambaye anadai kushurutishwa kujiunga katika mashambulizi hayo.<ref>Habari kuhusu Kifo cha Sang, [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/eticket/story?page=kenya&campaign=rss&source=ESPNHeadlines kutoka ESPN.com]</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sang, Lucas}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Olimpiki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu waliouawa Kenya]] emajme1ito25c7cdljyd87kh1z7sv99 0 62410 1576286 1515389 2026-06-23T19:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jenista Joakim Mhagama''' ([[23 Juni]] [[1967]] - [[11 Desemba]] [[2025]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mbunge-jenista-mhagama-afariki-dunia--5293888</ref>) alikuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Peramiho]] katika [[bunge]] la kitaifa nchini [[Tanzania]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/peo/peo_2905.html|title=Mengi kuhusu Jenista Joakim Mhagama|date=21 Julai 2006|accessdate=11 Novemba 2011|archivedate=2012-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520123242/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/peo/peo_2905.html}}</ref> akitokea katika [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama]] cha [[CCM]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] katika [[serikali]] ya awamu ya nne, ya tano<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/nani-ni-nani-serikali-ya-jpm-jenista-mhagama/1596774-3039628-1234fil/index.html Gazeti la Mwananchi (Januari 19, 2016) Jenista Mhagama – Waziri wa Sera, Bunge, Kazi, Vijana, Ajira na Walemavu</ref> na ya sita vilevile. ==Elimu na kazi== Jenista kwa [[kabila]] alikuwa [[Wangoni|Mngoni]]. Alimaliza elimu yake katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana Peramiho mwaka 1986. Mwaka 1989, alipata Diploma ya Elimu kutoka Chuo cha Ualimu Korogwe. Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu kwa miaka sita kati ya 1991 na 1997.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024644/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1155/2010-2015</ref> ==Maisha ya siasa== Mhagama alianza kujihusisha na CCM mwaka 1987 na kuhudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali zikiwemo za tawi la vijana na wanawake wa chama hicho. Aliteuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Bunge kuwa mbunge wa [[Viti maalum vya wanawake|kiti maalum kilichotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake]] mwaka wa 2000.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024644/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1155/2010-2015</ref> Mwaka wa 2005, alimshinda aliyekuwa Waziri wa Fedha [[Simon Mbilinyi]] katika mchujo wa haki ya kuiwakilisha CCM katika uchaguzi ujao wa jimbo la Peramiho. Ilitokana na uchambuzi uliogundua kuwa Mhagama alikuwa mbunge wa pili kwa wingi wa michango ya mijadala na maswali kwa mawaziri katika Bunge la 2005-2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/home/?n=13930&cat=home |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2013-04-18 |archive-date=2010-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102140755/http://dailynews.co.tz/home/?n=13930&cat=home |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mhagama alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi katika utawala wa [[Rais]] [[Jakaya Kikwete]] kati ya Januari 2014 na Januari 2015. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2015, Mhagama alishinda kiti chake cha Peramiho dhidi ya mgombea wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo|CHADEMA]] Erasmo Mwingira kwa kura 32,057 dhidi ya 11,462.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151126095523/http://www.nec.go.tz/uploads/documents/1448025692-MALIMA-WABUNGE.pdf</ref> Katika baraza jipya la mawaziri la Rais [[John Magufuli]], mnamo Desemba 2015, alipandishwa cheo na kuteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Nchi Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu anayeshughulikia Sera, Bunge, Kazi, Ajira, Vijana na Wenye Ulemavu <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161021074148/http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/national/Two-new-faces-in-Kikwete-s-cabinet/1840392-2601552-3ein4v/index.html</ref>. Mnamo Januari 2022, alihamishwa hadi Ofisi ya Rais Menejimenti ya Utumishi wa Umma na Utawala Bora.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-samia-rings-changes-in-cabinet-3676040 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-08 |archive-date=2022-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109000710/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-samia-rings-changes-in-cabinet-3676040 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161021071408/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/45019-new-ministers-for-swearing-in-on-saturday</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Wabunge wa Tanzania]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mhagama, Jenista}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] eim4us0dgn59oxuxofs3t05agaut59v 1576292 1576286 2026-06-23T20:59:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1576292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jenista Joakim Mhagama''' ([[23 Juni]] [[1967]] - [[11 Desemba]] [[2025]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mbunge-jenista-mhagama-afariki-dunia--5293888</ref>) alikuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Peramiho]] katika [[bunge]] la kitaifa nchini [[Tanzania]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/peo/peo_2905.html|title=Mengi kuhusu Jenista Joakim Mhagama|date=21 Julai 2006|accessdate=11 Novemba 2011|archivedate=2012-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520123242/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/peo/peo_2905.html}}</ref> akitokea katika [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama]] cha [[CCM]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] katika [[serikali]] ya awamu ya nne, ya tano<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/nani-ni-nani-serikali-ya-jpm-jenista-mhagama/1596774-3039628-1234fil/index.html Gazeti la Mwananchi (Januari 19, 2016) Jenista Mhagama – Waziri wa Sera, Bunge, Kazi, Vijana, Ajira na Walemavu</ref> na ya sita vilevile. ==Elimu na kazi== Jenista kwa [[kabila]] alikuwa [[Wangoni|Mngoni]]. Alimaliza elimu yake katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana Peramiho mwaka 1986. Mwaka 1989, alipata Diploma ya Elimu kutoka Chuo cha Ualimu Korogwe. Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu kwa miaka sita kati ya 1991 na 1997.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024644/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1155/2010-2015</ref> ==Maisha ya siasa== Mhagama alianza kujihusisha na CCM mwaka 1987 na kuhudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali zikiwemo za tawi la vijana na wanawake wa chama hicho. Aliteuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Bunge kuwa mbunge wa [[Viti maalum vya wanawake|kiti maalum kilichotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake]] mwaka wa 2000.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150722024644/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1155/2010-2015</ref> Mwaka wa 2005, alimshinda aliyekuwa Waziri wa Fedha [[Simon Mbilinyi]] katika mchujo wa haki ya kuiwakilisha CCM katika uchaguzi ujao wa jimbo la Peramiho. Ilitokana na uchambuzi uliogundua kuwa Mhagama alikuwa mbunge wa pili kwa wingi wa michango ya mijadala na maswali kwa mawaziri katika Bunge la 2005-2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/home/?n=13930&cat=home |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2013-04-18 |archive-date=2010-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102140755/http://dailynews.co.tz/home/?n=13930&cat=home |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mhagama alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi katika utawala wa [[Rais]] [[Jakaya Kikwete]] kati ya Januari 2014 na Januari 2015. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2015, Mhagama alishinda kiti chake cha Peramiho dhidi ya mgombea wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo|CHADEMA]] Erasmo Mwingira kwa kura 32,057 dhidi ya 11,462.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151126095523/http://www.nec.go.tz/uploads/documents/1448025692-MALIMA-WABUNGE.pdf</ref> Katika baraza jipya la mawaziri la Rais [[John Magufuli]], mnamo Desemba 2015, alipandishwa cheo na kuteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Nchi Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu anayeshughulikia Sera, Bunge, Kazi, Ajira, Vijana na Wenye Ulemavu <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161021074148/http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/national/Two-new-faces-in-Kikwete-s-cabinet/1840392-2601552-3ein4v/index.html</ref>. Mnamo Januari 2022, alihamishwa hadi Ofisi ya Rais Menejimenti ya Utumishi wa Umma na Utawala Bora.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-samia-rings-changes-in-cabinet-3676040 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-08 |archive-date=2022-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109000710/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/president-samia-rings-changes-in-cabinet-3676040 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161021071408/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/45019-new-ministers-for-swearing-in-on-saturday</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Wabunge wa Tanzania]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mhagama, Jenista}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] kgu0lal81wv96isvennc1lauyelusgt 3 89634 1576252 1573166 2026-06-23T13:05:39Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-26 */ mjadala mpya 1576252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Board+of+Trustees&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This page contains outdated information. Please assist in updating the page to prevent confusion.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:48, 19 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Fundraising/Translation == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Fundraising/Translation|Fundraising/Translation]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising%2FTranslation&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:11, 25 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2024%2FAnnouncement+%E2%80%93+results&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-17. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! 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You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Community+Affairs+Committee%2FProcedure+for+Sibling+Project+Lifecycle%2FInvitation+for+feedback+%28MM%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-22. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! 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To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:15, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Movement Charter draft == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Movement Charter draft|Template:Movement Charter draft]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AMovement+Charter+draft&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-06-11. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:41, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> : done '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:30, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Translation notification: Movement Charter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] is available for translation. 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The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal|Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+LGBT%2B%2FPortal&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! 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To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:31, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:12, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:User groups == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:User groups|Template:User groups]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AUser+groups&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:17, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> ==Demo== Ndugu, makala ulizoanzisha kama kielelezo hazina ubora hata kidogo. Mkifundisha hivi, tutapata kurasa za kapuni. Naomba muangalie vizuri. Amina kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Tayari makala mbovu zimeshaanza kumiminika. Tafadhali, mwazuie haraka!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:43, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa kabisa tutachukua hatua kuanzia leo, kulikua na tatizo kidogo wakati wa mafunzo umeme ulikatika kabla hatuja waeleza vyote '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:37, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Translation notification: Global locks == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+locks&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 01:45, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> 2kjb1v2a6ulezxgw3poocrp7j72cy23 0 104576 1576274 1512590 2026-06-23T17:27:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al Badiyah Mosque Towers.jpg|thumb|[[Mnara|Minara]] ya [[Mskiti wa Al Badiyah]], ulio wa zamani kuliko [[Mskiti|miskiti]] yote ya Falme za Kiarabu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/oldest-uae-mosque-holds-onto-its-secrets|title=Oldest UAE mosque holds onto its secrets|author=Eugene Harnan|publisher=}}</ref>.]] [[Picha:UAE en-map.png|thumb|350px|Falme za Kiarabu.]] '''Fujairah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: الفجيرة) ni [[emirati]] mojawapo ya [[Shirikisho]] la [[Falme za Kiarabu]] kwenye [[rasi ya Uarabuni]], upande wa [[Ghuba ya Oman]]. Peke yake inaundwa na [[milima]] kwa kiasi kikubwa. [[Mtawala]] wake ni [[Sheikh]] [[Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi]]. [[Utemi]] una wakazi 225,360 ([[2016]]<ref name="citypopulation">{{Rejea tovuti| url=http://citypopulation.de/UAE.html | title=United Arab Emirates: Emirates & Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website=citypopulation.de | language=en | access-date=31 July 2018 }}</ref>) katika eneo la [[km²]] 1,166. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Fujairah}} {{wikivoyage|Fujairah}} * [http://fujtown.com/ '''Fujairah's Only Business Directory & Tourism Agency'''] * [http://fujairah.virtuelcity.com/ '''Fujairah In 3D'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130205195212/http://fujairah.virtuelcity.com/ |date=2013-02-05 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100417013528/http://www.fujairah-tourism.gov.ae/ Fujairah Tourism Bureau] * [http://www.uaeindustry.com/Fujairah Fujairah Industry Directory] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uaeindustry.com/Fujairah |date=20180820082343 }} * [http://www.fujairah.eu/ Fujairah EU Portal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fujairah.eu/ |date=20130602210727 }} * [http://www.fujmun.gov.ae/ Fujairah Municipality] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fujmun.gov.ae/ |date=20130104121023 }} * [http://www.fujairahpolice.gov.ae/ Fujairah Police] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fujairahpolice.gov.ae/ |date=20121223070356 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060429204149/http://fjw.hct.ac.ae/fujairah/index.html Fujairah Higher Colleges – About Fujairah] === Magazeti ya Falme za Kiarabu === * [http://www.gulf-news.com/ Gulf News] * [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/ Khaleej Times] * [http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ Emirates Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ |date=20070907033449 }} * [http://www.7days.ae/ 7 Days] {{Wayback|url=http://www.7days.ae/ |date=20070927000456 }} * [http://www.eveningpost.ae/ Emirates Evening Post] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eveningpost.ae/ |date=20070107193216 }} * [http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ Gulf Today] {{Wayback|url=http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/ |date=20070824120443 }} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Falme za Kiarabu]] p5a8yli17nkv7cftm8tdfuxwhwhyvd1 3 105398 1576250 1569412 2026-06-23T12:31:19Z Elite Jac 90374 /* Question from Elite Jac (12:31, 23 Juni 2026) */ mjadala mpya 1576250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Sigma Octantis == Ndugu, ulibadilisha nyota kadhaa kutoka ngeli ya "i-zi" kwenda "li-ma" ambayo si Kiswahili sahihi. Mfano "[[Thumni (kundinyota)|Sigma Octantis iko karibu]]" ulipeleka "Sigma Octantis liko karibu". Nimerudisha mara kadhaa sijapata muda kuangalia yote. Ilhali wewe bado mgeni heri utumie kwanza ukurasa wa majadiliano kabla ya kubadilisha! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 20 Julai 2019 (UTC) :Ndugu, hongera kwa michango yako. Hata hivyo angalia nilivyoboresha namna moja michango ya mwisho ili ufanye mwenyewe katika makala zijazo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 6 Novemba 2019 (UTC) ::Naona unazidi kukamilika. Sasa uzoee kuunganisha ukurasa wa Kiswahili na zile za lugha nyingine. Kiungo kinapatikana pembeni kushoto, ilipoandikwa "Add link". --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:29, 11 Novemba 2019 (UTC) ==Interwiki== Asante kwa makala za wanariadha. Lakini naomba upitilie tena zote. Umesahau "interwiki", yaani kuunganisha makala yako na lugha zingine. Hii unafanya mwishoni -kama mada ina makala katika enwiki au wikipedia nyingine- kwa kubofya kushoto-chini <small>(nje ya sehemu ya kuhariri)</small> kwa "Lugha- Add links", halafu ingiza "enwiki" dirisha la juu na jina la makala husika dirisha la chini, hakikisha ni sawa, halafu uthibitishe. [[Maalum:Michango/197.250.225.2|197.250.225.2]] 20:43, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Mashindano ya picha== Ndugu, usijidanganye kwamba utashinda tuzo kwa kubadilisha maneno ya kuelezea picha zilizomo tayari katika makala za Wikipedia... Ni lazima uongeze picha pale ambapo hazipo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 15 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ndugu [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], mimi sishiriki katika mashindano ila najaribu kuangalia sehemu ambazo washiriki wa mashindano wamefanya nakujaribu kuongeza ubora na kusahihisha sehemu ambazo naona zinaweza zikawa bora zaidi. Je ni vibaya kufanya hivi? Amani kwako pia! Nashukuru sana. ::Hiyo si mbaya, lakini kama ni hivyo hutakiwi kuandika katika muhtasari #WPWP #WPWPTZ, la sivyo unaonekana tapeli... Basi, endelea na juhudi zako. Tupo pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:25, 15 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ::: Asante == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:44, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC)</font> ==Hongera== Napenda kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako katika Wikipedia, ila hakikisha kwamba makala zako zieleweke kwa Kiswahili. Unavyojua, tafsiri ya kompyuta haisaidii sana. Endelea kuangalia kama pengine ninarekebisha michango yako ili uzidi kukomaa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:36, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ::Asante sana --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ebenezer Mlay|Ebenezer Mlay]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ebenezer Mlay#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, kigezo mbegu-mtu kinatumika ikiwa tu hakuna kingine cha pekee zaidi kama mbegu-mwandishi, mbegu-igiza-filamu n.k. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 18 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Asante kwa kunielewesha. --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:24, 19 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Zuio== Umefanya vizuri, kwa kuwa amefuta matini sahihi na ameingiza upuuzi wa Kiingereza: yote hayo ni makosa makubwa! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 19 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Kigezo cha Vyanzo== Siku hizi unaweka mara nyingi kigezo hicho. Badala ya kuridhika kuweka vigezo vinavyoagiza kazi fulani, tunashauriwa kufanya wenyewe kazi hiyo, yaani tuboreshe makala, si kuilaumu tu. Pia zingatia kwamba makala nyingi za zamani hazina vyanzo kwa sababu ya kutovisisitiza mwanzoni mwa Wiki yetu. Hatimaye makala nyingine haziwezi kuwa ndefu wala kuwa na vyanzo vingi kutokana na mada yenyewe. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:36, 21 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Mpendwa [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] asante sana kwa muongozo huu, mara nyingi nikiwa nina muda mchache wa kupitia makala baadhi nikikuta hazina vyanzo vya kutosha naweka kigezo cha vyanzo. Ila nikiwa na muda najaribu kupitia makala na kuifanya iwe bora. Nina mpango nikipata muda mwingi zaidi kuzipitia zote ambazo nimeziwekea kigezo hicho. Je ni sawa? Je naweza nikaweka kigezo cha citation needed badala ya kigezo cha vyanzo? Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' ::Kama lengo ni kuzipitia baadaye ni sawa kabisa. La sivyo njia ya pili ni afadhali. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:14, 23 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Jamii== Habari naona unafaya kazi kubwa kupitilia jamii za makala. Asante! NImeona jambo moja ambalo halisaidii machoni pangu., ukiongeza "Jamii:Watu wa NCHIXX" pia pale ambako makala imeshapangwa katika "Jamii:Wanawake wa NCHIXXX". Unaona faida gani? Mi mi naona si kitu kwa nchi penye watu wachache walio na makala, lakini kama idadi yao inaongezeka, haisaidii tena ninavyoona. Mfano kama watu wa TZ wako wote chini "watu wa Tanzania", tuanapata hapa orodha ndefu kupita kiasi ambacho halivuti kulipitilia. Tukiwapanga zaidi katika jamii ndogo, ni rahisi zaidi kutafuta. Kutafuta jina, linapatikana popote kupitia dirisha. Unaonaje? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:40, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Habari [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], Asante kwa mchango huu naona inaleta maana, ila vipi kama kungekua jamii ndogo ya "Jamii:Wanaume wa NCHI XXX" kwa sababu kama kwenye jamii ya watu wa nchi fulani kukawa na makala ya wanaume tu halafu kukawa na jamii ndogo ya wanawake pekee hii naona haileti picha nzuri kwangu. Unaonaje? --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:51, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ::Hiyo hoja ina mashiko: kuwa na jamii kwa wanawake, si kwa wanaume, ni kutokana na hali ya wanawake kukosa usawa. Lakini siku hizi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:42, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :::Kwa kawaida naona vema kama mtu anapangwa kwanza katika jamii ya fani au kazi , kama "Jamii:Wanasheria wa NCHI XXX", tukiwa na wengi inawezakana pia "Jamii:Watu kutoka MKOA YYY"; kwa wanawake tumeanzisha pia jamii kama "Wanawaka wa NCHI XXX" au "Wanasheria wa kike wa XXX". Hapa tumefuata mfano wa lugha nyingine; sijui kama yeyote alianzisha jamii za wanaume. Tunaweza kufanya.... - Sababu ya jamii ya pekee kwa wanawake ni kwamba hao ni wachache (bado) katika fani nyingi.Kwa hiyo sipingi kuanzisha jamii za wanaume, ila sitegemei italeta mafanikio. Tulikuwa na wahariri (nadhani Baba Tabita) aliyeongeza mara nyingi "Watu walio hai" (ambayo mimi sioni faida yake, siku hizi sijaiona tena sana...). '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 15:29, 30 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==[[Pregs Govender]]== Naona tumeingiliana. Nilikuwa nikiongeza kufungu cha mwisho, naona umehamisha yote kwenda lemma sahihi, asante. Hivyo nilifungua makala kwa jina jipya na kumwaga mle matini yote kutoka ukurasa wangu, pamoja na yale niyokuwa nayo ya juu. Ila sikujua kwamba ulihariri mengine pia. Sasa inawezekana nimeweka matini yangu juu ya sehemu ulizoboresha, kama ni vile, nisamehe. Tafadhali pitilia tena kifupi na uone kama nimefuta maboresho kadhaa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:39, 6 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Hakuna shida kabisa nitaipitia makala hiyo tena. Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:33, 6 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Tafsiri ya Wikimedia== Naona umemuuliza Kipala pia. Tupo pamoja. Mimi sipendi kutumia kifaa hicho, ila nakubali kinaweza kusaidia ikiwa watumiaji wanachukua muda kupitia kwa makini tafsiri ya mashine hadi ieleweke. Shida kubwa ni kwamba wanataka makala ndefu, halafu wanachoka kuipitia, hivyo wanatuachia sisi kazi kubwa mno! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 17 Mei 2021 (UTC) ::Kwa kweli naona unafuatilia masahihisho yangu na kujifunza vizuri. Pia nakupongeza kwa juhudi za kueneza Wiki yetu. Michango sasa ni mingi, kiasi kwamba sitaweza tena kuipitia yote, hasa ukizingatia kwamba watumiaji wapya wanafanya makosa mengi. Tena kwa kutumia tafsiri ya kompyuta wanatunga kurasa ndefu. Kazi hiyo nakuachieni nyinyi vijana... Ndiyo sababu tuliwachagua kuwa wakabidhi wenzetu! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:42, 29 Mei 2021 (UTC) :::Asante sana [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]. Makala zote zilizoundwa hivi karibuni na wahariri wapy kutokea Arusha tutazipitia kwa takribani siku mbili tukiwa pamoja na wahariri hawa wote ili kufanya masahihisho. Kwa kutumia hii njia nadhani wahariri hawa watajifunza kutokana na makosa amabayo wameyafanya kwenye makala hizi. Pia tutajitahidi kuwa watumiaji wote wapya hawatopata nafasi ya kutunga makala ndefu wakati wanaanza kujifunza kuandika. Vivyo hivyo tutatilia msistizo wa kutokutumia tafsiri ya kompyuta katika kuhariri. Asante -- --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:33, 31 Mei 2021 (UTC) ::::Vizuri sana. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 31 Mei 2021 (UTC) == How to supply my email == I am a local researcher, and I have written about handful of communities whose details and not found in Wikipedia. I love to supply this first-hand information in Wikipedia. Thank you for welcoming me. Please I want to know also, how I can supply my email. More so, is their chances for monetization? '''[[Mtumiaji:Hilspress|Hilspress]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hilspress|majadiliano]])''' 07:39, 30 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya Haki za Binadamu== Salamu, sijajua ufafanuzi unasemaj zaidi e hadi sasa kuhusu shindano la makala ya haki za binadamu, lakini unaweza kupitia makala ya ''Mauaji ya Maalbino'', labda inawezekana jamii hiyo ni kwa ajili ya kutrack makala zote mpya zitakazohusu haki za binadamu, naona imeunganishwa katika jamii ya Makala ya haki za binadamu,ila bado nasubiri ufafanuzi zaidi ,Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' :Habari [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]], nadhani niliona maelekezo ya kwamba mtu yoyote anaeshiriki katika hili shindano akichapisha kurasa yoyote kuhusiana na haki za binadamu inapaswa kuweka hiyo jamii. Katika makala ya ''Mauaji ya Maalbino'' jamii hii haikuwepo hivyo nikaona niiongeze. Ila [[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] anaweza kutupa mwonggozo zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:40, 3 Juni 2021 (UTC) :::Ahsanteni kwa michango, tumeweka jamii hiyo ili kurahisisha kupata makala zote zitakazo andikwa wakati wa mradi. Maelekezo zaidi juu ya ushiriki wa mradi yatatolewa hivi karibuni na [[user:Jadnapac]]. Karibuni tuendeleee kushirikiana. == Campaigns Product Update #1 == Hello Campaigns Newsletter recipients. We are ready to share our first updates: * '''We will be hosting our first Campaigns Product Office hour''' with the Product team on '''September 9, 2021 at 3 PM UTC''' (join us on Zoom: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87427100681) . The Office hour will focus on the introduction of the Product team and its choice of of a first feature focused on Event Registration. For more information see: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Programs_Team#Office_Hours * '''We have published our first document about the first feature''': '''event registration'''.  You can find the document on Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration . We provided first responses to initial feedback last week. If you responded before, consider reviewing the talk page and adding to the conversation. * '''We had several presentations at Wikimania:''' ** Ilana Fried presented the Campaign Product team as part of a larger conversation about Wikimedia Foundation Product Strategy. Campaigns product start at 18:12 time:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&t=1103s&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&t=1103] ** Alex Stinson facilitated a session on the role of partners in International Campaigns:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS1k8_6QWPY '''What is next?''' At the office hours, we will share our first version of the designs for the Registration feature, and be asking for feedback. Additionally we will be onboarding our engineering team who will be building the registration feature. Please invite  other organizers to subscribe to this newsletter or unsubscribe at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers   The Campaign Product Team <!-- Message sent by User:Astinson (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=21958270 --> == Campaigns Product Update #2 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Request for Feedback''': We have shared our project principles, wireframes for the desktop version, and open questions for you about the team’s event registration project. See the latest status updates [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates '''here'''.] :Wireframes are design tools that imagine the future interface of the software. We haven’t built anything yet. We need your feedback on these designs so that we can make better product decisions. You can give feedback on the talk page regarding the design and features of the wireframes. We would love to hear your comments to help us establish the next necessary steps for the project. :[[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|'''''Please share with us your feedback!''''']] *'''Presentations''': The Campaign Product team participated in [[m:WikiArabia/2021|WikiArabia 2021]] and [[m:WikiConference North America/2021|WikiConference North America 2021]] to give a brief introduction on how the team works. Senior Program Strategist [[User:Astinson (WMF)|Alex Stinson]] gave an overview about campaigns and how we can scale the organizing experience within the Movement. Senior Product Manager [[User:IFried (WMF)|Ilana Fried]] gave an introduction about the Product Team and the project wireframes of the first campaign software solution: the on-wiki registration tool. View the recorded presentation [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AYknkmHGyI&t=751s '''here'''.] *'''Team update''': We have hired our first team engineer, [[User:JCarvalho (WMF)|JCarvalho]] and our campaign organizing fellow, [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]]. Newsletter updates will be done by [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]] and she will be coordinating with you! We hope to have the rest of the engineering team onboard soon! For those of who missed the last Campaign Office Hour, you may [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI watch the recording] to know more about the Campaign Product Team. '''What is next?''' :'''Testers Needed'''! We will be partnering with [https://yux.design/ '''YUX'''], a design research agency, to learn how our team can improve the experience of Wikimedia campaign organizers and participants in Africa. For this reason, we are looking for community members who are willing to be part of the rapid testing sessions. Preferably, we want organizers and editors who have worked in an African context. If you would like to participate in testing, please email {{email|ibrazal-ctr|wikimedia.org}}. :'''Upcoming Conferences'''. [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|'''Wiki Indaba 2021''']]. This year, the conference will be held virtually on November 5-7, 2021 with the theme "'''''Rethink + Reset : Visions of the future'''''". Read more about the conference [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|here]] or [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021/Registration Information| register]] to join the event. We will be presenting the registration features on Sunday November 7. :We will also be attending [[m:Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021/Programme/Submissions/Building Organizer Tools for the Future of Campaigns|'''Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021''']], which will be held virtually again this year on November 5-7, 2021. We will be presenting the registration tool on November 6 as part of our communication and sharing process. :'''Translation Support'''. We are also beginning to translate the updates on Registration. If you think your language community would benefit from updates, please translate [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates|here]]. ''Invite other organizers to [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers| subscribe]] to this newsletter for updates!'' The Campaign Product Team </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 16:26, 28 Oktoba 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=22200025 --> == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:CaliBen}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:28, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Update #3 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces. *'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]]. *'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. ::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype]. ::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). *'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. '''What is next?''' :'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]] :In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can. Thank you! '''The Campaign Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:26, 22 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23033286 --> == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. Join us and share your thoughts on these developments! :Date: '''March 31, 2022''' :Time: 15:00 UTC :Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes. Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting. Thank you. '''The Campaign Product Team''' '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 30 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23066888 --> == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:34, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> ==Jamii== Ndugu, naona leo watu wanaongezea makala mbalimbali jamii ya editathon wakati hawajazichangia hata kidogo. Vipi? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:44, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) :Ndugu, Watu wapo katika kuboresha makala ambazo tumezifanyia kazi huko nyuma. Hivyo wanafanya kuhakikisha kwamba makala hizi zinakua bora zaidi. Zinawekwa katika jamii hiyo ili wengine waweze kuzipitia zaidi na kuboresha pale wanapoona kuna fursa hiyo. Natumaini hii haina tatizo lolote. Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:49, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) ::Hawaishii katika kuziweka kwenye jamii tu ila pia wanaongeza au kupunguza vitu vingine pia '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Question from [[User:Nemence|Nemence]] on [[Algorithm]] (18:40, 7 Desemba 2023) == Hello,explain types of algorithms --'''[[Mtumiaji:Nemence|Nemence]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nemence|majadiliano]])''' 18:40, 7 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tremor np|Tremor np]] on [[Akili bandia]] (17:43, 13 Desemba 2023) == Refute the claim that religious terrorism exists --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tremor np|Tremor np]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tremor np|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 13 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tremor np|Tremor np]] on [[Akili bandia]] (17:45, 13 Desemba 2023) == Refute the claim that religious terrorism exists --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tremor np|Tremor np]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tremor np|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 13 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Kidawish Daniel|Kidawish Daniel]] (00:57, 16 Desemba 2023) == There is a page named "Messi" on Wikipedia. See also the other search results found. View (previous 20 | next 20) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500) Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ljonel andɾes mesi]; alizaliwa 24 Juni 1987) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Argentina anayecheza katika... 14 KB (1,658 words) - 09:43, 16 December 2022 Mchezaji kikapu Mchezaji wa mpira wa mikono Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu maarufu kwa jina la Lionel Messi Mchezaji maarufu wa mpira wa miguu, Cristiano Ronaldo... 675 bytes (63 words) - 14:13, 10 November 2019 La Masia wachezaji bora wa dunia (Ballon d'Or) wachezaji hao ni Andres Iniesta, Lionel Messi na Xavi. La Masia pia ni jina la mafunzo ya soka ya FC Barcelona, Awali... 1 KB (139 words) - 13:35, 27 May 2018 24 Juni 1983 - John Lloyd Cruz, mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka Ufilipino 1987 - Lionel Messi, mchezaji wa mpira kutoka Argentina 238 - Maximinus Thrax, Kaisari wa Dola... 2 KB (213 words) - 13:25, 1 October 2023 1987 Juni - Semra Kebede, mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka Ethiopia 24 Juni - Lionel Messi, mchezaji wa mpira kutoka Argentina 26 Juni - Samir Nasri, mchezaji mpira... 3 KB (364 words) - 20:14, 3 July 2016 Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Argentina adhabu ya utata katika dakika ya 87. Argentina, iliyoongozwa na Lionel Messi ilifanya mechi yao ya tano katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia mwaka 2014,... 1 KB (174 words) - 00:32, 9 June 2020 Mshambuliaji nyingi zilitumia mfumo unaohusisha nafasi hii kwa kiasi kikubwa. Lionel Messi wa klabu ya Barcelona amekua mchezaji mwenyemafanikio sana katika miaka... 13 KB (1,469 words) - 10:55, 28 August 2022 Manuel Neuer Mnamo 2014, Neuer alimaliza wa tatu katika upigaji kura, nyuma ya Lionel Messi na Cristiano Ronaldo, kwa tuzo ya FIFA Ballon d'Or. Alipewa Kipa wa UEFA... 1 KB (122 words) - 13:14, 27 September 2020 Olubayo Adefemi ambayo ilimaliza ya pili nyuma ya timu ya Argentina iliyoongozwa na Lionel Messi katika Mashindano ya Vijana ya Kombe la Dunia ya FIFA 2005 huko Uholanzi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Kidawish Daniel|Kidawish Daniel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kidawish Daniel|majadiliano]])''' 00:57, 16 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Songoni|Songoni]] on [[Netiboli]] (04:07, 9 Machi 2024) == The rule of netball How to play netball --'''[[Mtumiaji:Songoni|Songoni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Songoni|majadiliano]])''' 04:07, 9 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] on [[Poecilagenia]] (19:14, 17 Machi 2024) == hellow --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 17 Machi 2024 (UTC) == tutu njia zipi rahisi zinazoleta tijakwenye uzalishaji wa mazao!shambani? 1.zao la bishara2.zao la chakila3.zao la kulisha eanya pia == tutumie njia zipi rahisi  zinazoleta tijakwenye uzalishaji wa mazao!shambani?  1.zao la bishara2.zao la chakula3.zao la kulisha wanyama pia '''[[Mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 17 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Graham mashinji|Graham mashinji]] (14:53, 24 Machi 2024) == Hello, how can I use wikipedia in my studies? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Graham mashinji|Graham mashinji]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Graham mashinji|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 24 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|Ibrahim hamis kilawe]] on [[Sensa]] (12:30, 13 Aprili 2024) == ibrahimhamis@705lime.com --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|Ibrahim hamis kilawe]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|majadiliano]])''' 12:30, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Question from [[User:Helmina Mapunda|Helmina Mapunda]] (14:03, 16 Mei 2024) == Good evening , incase to get a typo error on the heading , how to edit that please. thanks --'''[[Mtumiaji:Helmina Mapunda|Helmina Mapunda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Helmina Mapunda|majadiliano]])''' 14:03, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Good evening, I hope it is a page on Kiswahili Wikipedia. If so click on the down arrow near the edit button then click Hamisha Ukurasa the change the name then click save - '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Haulechristina|Haulechristina]] (09:18, 17 Mei 2024) == Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:Haulechristina|Haulechristina]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Haulechristina|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 17 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Karibu '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:27, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:First Vision T Limited|First Vision T Limited]] (14:18, 17 Mei 2024) == Hello, why i can't see the article i created,it says has been deleted --'''[[Mtumiaji:First Vision T Limited|First Vision T Limited]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:First Vision T Limited|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 17 Mei 2024 (UTC) :It might be that you did not follow all the guidelines for writing a wikipedia article. Please take this course to learn more about creating good articles on Wikipedia. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBCxb9oaz5s Click here] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:27, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:LeonelLenty|LeonelLenty]] on [[American British Academy]] (17:09, 23 Mei 2024) == Hello my name is leonelLenty how can I join that school without money --'''[[Mtumiaji:LeonelLenty|LeonelLenty]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:LeonelLenty|majadiliano]])''' 17:09, 23 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA]] (13:19, 27 Mei 2024) == how to add photo or image on wikipedia --'''[[Mtumiaji:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Please visit this link to learn more. [[wikiedudashboard:training/students/images-and-media/add-an-image-to-wikipedia|CLICK HERE]] -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:22, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] (12:53, 9 Juni 2024) == Hello --'''[[Mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] (12:53, 9 Juni 2024) (2) == how do the challenge works --'''[[Mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mweta juma|Mweta juma]] on [[Google Play]] (05:29, 29 Juni 2024) == Mweta juma family --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mweta juma|Mweta juma]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mweta juma|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 29 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mfurahivu|Mfurahivu]] (10:54, 18 Julai 2024) == Hey Eben! I need your assistance. I'd like to ask you how do I categorize article? Recently I've translated an article, added a link to other languages, but I didn't found a way to attach it to "jamiis". Thank you in advance! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mfurahivu|Mfurahivu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mfurahivu|majadiliano]])''' 10:54, 18 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Hello Mfurahivu, :Please reach out via my email where we can schedule a quick call to help you out. :—'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Noel200|Noel200]] (16:38, 12 Agosti 2024) == hello mr --'''[[Mtumiaji:Noel200|Noel200]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Noel200|majadiliano]])''' 16:38, 12 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Hello —'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Selemani Husein Kibago|Selemani Husein Kibago]] (06:41, 14 Agosti 2024) == Hello Eben Naitaji kujitolea kufanya uhariri katika kazi mbali mbali nifuate utaratibu upi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Selemani Husein Kibago|Selemani Husein Kibago]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Selemani Husein Kibago|majadiliano]])''' 06:41, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Habari Selemani, :Karibu sana. Je upo mkoa gani? Nikifahamu upo sehemu itakua ni rahisi kukukutanisha na jamii ya wahariri ili iwe rahisi kwako. :—'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Ndugu == Habari yako? Usharudi nchini? Nimeona kimya kabisa! [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 10:41, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Salama, habari? :Bado sijarudi, nitakujulisha nikirudi :'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Poa. Shukrani! [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:37, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ester Gasper Kimario|Ester Gasper Kimario]] (14:11, 31 Oktoba 2024) == HABARI UANWEZA KUNISAIDIA --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ester Gasper Kimario|Ester Gasper Kimario]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ester Gasper Kimario|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) :Ndio, karibu sana Ester —'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:35, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:35, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] (14:11, 16 Novemba 2024) == Nawazeje kuchapisha makala zangu Wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 16 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Habari@[[Mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] Uhahitaji kuchapisha makala kuhusu nini? Tafadhali tizama ukurasa wako wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|majadiliano]] kuna maelezo baadhi ya namna na nini unaweza kufanya. Usisite kunirudia kama hautoelewa chochote. Asante -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:09, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ahabu|Ahabu]] (09:15, 26 Desemba 2024) == Ahabu Godfrey Ng'umbi --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ahabu|Ahabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ahabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:15, 26 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] (17:21, 30 Desemba 2024) == Hello Eben nawekaje picha ninapoedit makala --'''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Habari EmmyTSD :Tafadhali bonyeza kiungo hapa uweze kujifunza namna ya kuongeza picha. [[wikiedudashboard:training/students/images-and-media/add-an-image-to-wikipedia|KIUNGO]] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:01, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|Kamilius Ambrose terenzi]] on [[Wikipedia:Request an account]] (13:42, 28 Januari 2025) == maana ya Avieta prdecten --'''[[Mtumiaji:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|Kamilius Ambrose terenzi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|majadiliano]])''' 13:42, 28 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Question from [[User:Amosi Jonas Stefano|Amosi Jonas Stefano]] on [[1994]] (09:43, 1 Machi 2025) == National events took place during 1994 in Tanzania --'''[[Mtumiaji:Amosi Jonas Stefano|Amosi Jonas Stefano]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Amosi Jonas Stefano|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 1 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]] on [[Majadiliano:Januari 2025]] (18:47, 13 Aprili 2025) == Habari ,nahitaji kuweka picha katika chapisho langu nawekaje --'''[[Mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|majadiliano]])''' 18:47, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]], :Tafadhali bonyeza kiungo hapa uweze kujifunza namna ya kuongeza picha. [[https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msaada:Picha|KIUNGO]] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 14 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] (18:56, 22 Aprili 2025) == How do i add a picture on an article --'''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|majadiliano]])''' 18:56, 22 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] on [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bigchance designer]] (07:50, 25 Aprili 2025) == habari nahitaji msaada --'''[[Mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 25 Aprili 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] Karibu. Tukusaidie nini? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:55, 25 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikimedia affiliate community leader, Thanks for organizing the previous editions of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos]] Campaign in your community. We invite your community again to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your affiliate to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:43, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:T Cells@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Targets_past_organizers&oldid=28745740 --> == Question from [[User:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] on [[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA/ukurasa wa majaribio]] (20:32, 10 Juni 2025) == Hujambo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|majadiliano]])''' 20:32, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] on [[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA/ukurasa wa majaribio]] (20:32, 10 Juni 2025) (2) == Hujambo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|majadiliano]])''' 20:32, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|KIRISITOHP KINYATA]] on [[Wikipedia:About]] (16:06, 2 Julai 2025) == shikamo mmeshindaje --'''[[Mtumiaji:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|KIRISITOHP KINYATA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 2 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ostaz Juma|Ostaz Juma]] on [[Mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma Namusoma/Urasimu]] (21:32, 10 Julai 2025) == Habari za jioni je naonekana kwnye wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma|Ostaz Juma]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma|majadiliano]])''' 21:32, 10 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju]] on [[Wakongo]] (06:55, 26 Julai 2025) == Habari, Samahani nimeshindwa kuweka hio sehemu ya juu katika Kiswahili lakini pia nimejaribu kuondoa imekuwa changamoto. Naomba nisaidie katika hili. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 26 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:58, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Micwolrd|Micwolrd]] on [[Rostam Abdulrasul Aziz]] (18:26, 2 Septemba 2025) == Hlw, nahitaji kujua zaidi kuhusu chama cha mapinduzi na mihimili yake. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Micwolrd|Micwolrd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Micwolrd|majadiliano]])''' 18:26, 2 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]] (19:53, 8 Oktoba 2025) == Hi ,Nataka kuandika kitu kuhusu mziki wa Singeri --'''[[Mtumiaji:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Simbamtata|majadiliano]])''' 19:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]], Je tayari unajua misingi ya uandishi ya makala kwenye Wikipedia? '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:08, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] (10:01, 9 Oktoba 2025) == Habari, Napenda ukuuliza swali mentor, je kwanini wikipedia ya kiswahili ina infobox chache sana ? napenda kuwa mtu ambaye anatengeneza infobox nimejifunza ila je nawezaje kuwa admin ili niweze kuzisakinisha zifanye kazi katika wikipedia ya kiswahili? mentee, Mimi Prowess --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 10:01, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]], Hongera sana kwa kujifunza namna ya kutengeneza infobox kwenye Wikipedia yetu ya Kiswahili. Kuhusu namna ya kua admin, hufanyika kwa uchaguzi kutoka kwa wachangiaji kwenye Wikipedia yetu. Sina uhakika kwamba uchaguzi unaofuata wa wakabidhi utakua ni lini, wacha niulize wakabidhi wenzangu halafu nitakurudia -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Salaam @[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]], Nimewashirikisha wakabidhi wengine kuhusu kazi nzuri unayoifanya. Baada ya kujadiliana wamesema kwamba infobox ulizozitengeneza zinaweza kutumika bila kusanikisha hivyo hauhitaji kua mkabidhi ili kutengeneza infobox na zikatumika. Hivyo basi endelea na kazi nzuri unayoifanya ya kukuza Wikipedia yetu ya Kiswahili. Asante -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Asante sana mentor @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 12 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Habari ndugu @CaliBen, Nimeona umeweka taarifa juu ya makala tajwa kuwa ni kuhusu sehemu isiyojulikana. Bahati mbaya hizi ni shule chache zenye historia kubwa japo hazijulikani. Kuna haja ya kuziangazia kwa kina zaidi. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mikroworld|Mikroworld]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mikroworld|majadiliano]])''' 21:08, 21 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Karibu mjini == Babu, kheri ya mwaka mpya. Naona mambo mapya. Matendo yanasadifu maana ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka. Kongole. [[Evangelina Oyo Ebule]] kuchele chee! Hakuna kitu kizuri kama kuacha kuwa supervisor na kuifanya kazi mwenyewe huku team yako ikikufuata kwa nyuma. Ni fahari! Nimefurahi mno. Tena sana! Unyampara si mzuri. Leading by example. Uendelee kufanya kazi nzuri. Najua fika dunia yako kuu ni Wikidata, sisi usitutenge (ombi). [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:34, 11 Januari 2026 (UTC) :Babu, asante! Kheri ya mwaka mpya kwako na uwapendao! :Shukrani sana, najaribu kufuata nyayo za wakongwe nyinyi katika fani. Naahidi kwamba tupo bega kwa bega kusukuma gurudumu hili mwaka huu. Pamoja sana '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 11 Januari 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] Pamoja sana! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:47, 13 Januari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]] (08:47, 21 Januari 2026) == nimefanya mabadiliko kwenye mahala ya Hannah Momoh --'''[[Mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 08:47, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC) :Hongera @[[Mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]], Tafadhali ukitumia tafsiri ya kompyuta kumbuka kusoma makala kama inaleta maana. Kila la heri, '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:49, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Christian Andrew Maziki|Christian Andrew Maziki]] (06:36, 1 Februari 2026) == Habari nawezaje kuhariri jina langu hapa wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Christian Andrew Maziki|Christian Andrew Maziki]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christian Andrew Maziki|majadiliano]])''' 06:36, 1 Februari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Baddisam|Baddisam]] on [[Mtumiaji:Baddisam]] (19:47, 26 Aprili 2026) == Habari nawezaje kubadili page nane --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baddisam|Baddisam]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baddisam|majadiliano]])''' 19:47, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Visual editor katika miradi ya wiki == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kuboresha mifumo yetu ya kiufundi hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha ombi kule Phabricator ili watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor (Mhariri Unaoonekana) kwenye kurasa za miradi na kampeni zetu (`Wikipedia:Namespace`), jambo ambalo litatupunguzia sana mzigo wa kutumia Wiki markup ngumu wakati wa kuandaa warsha, mashindano, au majedwali ya miradi. Ili mafundi wa Wikimedia Foundation wawishe mfumo huu, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano na kura za wanajumuia wetu. Tafadhali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kupiga kura]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kurahisisha kazi ya waratibu na wahariri wote wa jumuia yetu. Shukrani sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:15, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Masatu Baraza|Masatu Baraza]] on [[Mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza]] (10:15, 10 Juni 2026) == Nataka kuweka wasifu wangu kwa wikipedia nafanyaje? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza|Masatu Baraza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 10 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Elite Jac|Elite Jac]] (12:31, 23 Juni 2026) == Hello, I am new hear and I would appreciate your support --'''[[Mtumiaji:Elite Jac|Elite Jac]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elite Jac|majadiliano]])''' 12:31, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) 4yf37ateuk1ni1uihxi3gd53xmyb0i1 0 109631 1576272 1511616 2026-06-23T16:28:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Elon Musk 2015.jpg|thumb|Musk mnamo mwaka 2015]] '''Elon Reeve Musk''' (* [[Pretoria]], [[Afrika Kusini]], [[28 Juni]] [[1971]]) ni [[mhandisi]] na [[mjasiriamali]] anayeishi [[Marekani]]. Amekuwa maarufu kama [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Paypal|huduma ya Paypal]] na mkuu wa [[kampuni]] ya [[Tesla (gari)|magari ya umeme Tesla]] na kampuni ya [[roketi]] za [[anga]] [[SpaceX]]. Anamiliki pia makampuni mengine ya kiteknolojia. Ana [[uraia]] wa Afrika Kusini, [[Kanada]] na Marekani<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bioexposed.com/elon-musk/|title=Elon Musk Biography, Age, Height, Wife, Family & More|author=AliMughal|date=2019-06-18|language=en-US|work=BioExposed|accessdate=2019-07-20|archivedate=2019-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701201322/https://www.bioexposed.com/elon-musk/}}</ref>. ==Maisha== [[Baba]] yake Errol ni mzawa wa Afrika Kusini aliyefanya kazi ya mhandisi, [[mama]] yake Maye alikuwa mhamiaji katika Afrika Kusini kutoka Kanada<ref>[http://saentrepreneurs.co.za/profiles/elonmusk/ Elon Musk] {{Wayback|url=http://saentrepreneurs.co.za/profiles/elonmusk/ |date=20190309074107 }}, tovuti ya saentrepreneurs.co.za, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref>. Elon ana [[kaka]] na [[dada]] mdogo. Alimaliza A-level zake kwenye Pretoria Boys High School. Alianza kutumia [[kompyuta]] akiwa [[mtoto]] wa miaka kumi; alipokuwa na miaka 14 alitunga [[mchezo]] wa kompyuta aliyoweza kuuza kwa [[jarida]] moja<ref>[http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-economie/20151222.RUE9210/elon-musk-tesla-spacex-genie-ou-predateur-de-la-silicon-valley.html Elon Musk (Tesla, SpaceX): génie ou prédateur de la Silicon Valley?], tovuti ya Nouvel Observateur ya 22-12-2015]</ref>. Baada ya kumaliza [[shule]] ya [[sekondari]] Elon Musk alihamia Kanada kwa sababu alitaka kuepukana na huduma ya kijeshi katika [[Jeshi]] la Afrika ya Kusini (wakati ule bado chini ya [[siasa]] ya [[apartheid]]). Alianza masomo ya juu kwenye Queen’s University akaendelea pale Marekani kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Pennsylvania alipopokea [[shahada ya awali]] katika [[uchumi]] na [[fizikia]]. Mwaka [[1995]] alipokewa kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford, [[Kalifornia]] kwa kozi ya [[uzamivu]] kwenye [[fani]] ya fizikia. ==Ujasiriamali== Musk alianzisha makampuni mbalimbali akisema lengo lake ni hasa kuhakikisha [[uhai]] wa [[binadamu]] uweze kudumu katika miaka inayokuja. Kati ya makampuni yaliyokuwa maarufu hasa kuna yafuatayo. ===Zip2=== Baada ya siku chache katika Stanford Musk aliamua kuachana na masomo na kuunda kampuni ya Zip2 iliyoorodhesha makampuni na maduka katika intaneti pamoja na nafasi yao kwenye ramani ya miji.<ref>[https://www.inc.com/magazine/20071201/entrepreneur-of-the-year-elon-musk_pagen_3.html Entrepreneur of the Year, 2007: Elon Musk] {{Wayback|url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/20071201/entrepreneur-of-the-year-elon-musk_pagen_3.html |date=20200929161258 }}, tovuti ya inc.com ya mwaka 2007, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref>. ===Paypal=== Zip2 iliuzwa kwa kampuni kubwa ya Compaq kwenye mwaka 1999 na Musk alipata milioni za [[dollar]] 22 alizotumia kuunda biashara mpya iliyokuwa benki ya intaneti. Baada ya muda mfupi benki hii iliendelea kuwa huduma ya [[Paypal]] inayowezesha wateja kufanya malipo kupitia intaneti. Haraka sana Paypal iliendelea kuwa njia ya malipo inayotumiwa zaidi kwenye [[malipo dijitali|viwanja vya malipo dijitali]] kama [[eBay]]. Musk hakukubaliana na viongozi wengine kuhusu maendeleo ya kampuni akaondolewa katika nafasi ya mkurugenzi mkuu mwisho wa mwaka 2000 lakini aliendelea kushika asilimia 11 za hisa. Mwaka 2002 Paypal ilinunuliwa na eBay kwa dollar bilioni 2.1 ilhali Musk alipokea sehemu yake ya dollar milioni 165. ===SpaceX=== Baada ya kuondolewa katika ukurugenzi wa eBay Musk aliona maana ya kuboresha [[usafiri wa anga la nje|usafiri wa anga-nje]]. Mwaka 2001 alitunga mpango wa kuanzisha kituo cha "Mars Oasis" kwenye [[Mirihi|sayari ya Mirihi]]<ref>[http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=3698 MarsNow 1.9 Profile: Elon Musk, Life to Mars Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=3698 |date=20230418190314 }}, blogu ya spaceref.com ya Septemba 2001, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref> akajaribu kununua roketi kubwa nchini [[Urusi]]. Alipoona bei zilikuwa juu mno alianza kutafakari uwezekano wa kuunda roketi mwenyewe akikadiria ya kwamba roketi zilizotengenezwa na taasisi za kiserikali kama [[NASA]] zilikuwa ghali mno. Baada ya kupokea mapato kutokana na hisa za Paypal aliwekeza pesa yake katika kampuni mpya ya "Space Exploration Technologies" (teknolojia za utafiti wa anga-nje), kifupi SpaceX. Kampuni hii ililenga kutengeneza roketi zinazoweza kupeleka mizigo kama satelaiti na baadaye pia watu kwenye [[anga la nje|anga-nje]]. Musk aliamua kuunda roketi inayoweza kutumiwa mara kadhaa badala za roketi zilizofaa kwa safari moja pekee jinsi ilivyokuwa kawaida. SpaceX ilifaulu mwaka 2008 mara ya kwanza kufikia anga-nje kwa roketi ya Falcon 1 ikiendelea kubeba satelaiti katika obiti ya nje. Gharama ni takriban theluthi 1 tu ya roketi za kawaida kwa sababu sehemu kubwa ya roketi inaweza kurudi duniani na kutumiwa tena.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-elon-musk-spacex/ Ashlee Vance: Elon Musk’s Space Dream Almost Killed Tesla]. tovuti ya Bloomberg.com ya 14 Mei 2015, iliangaliwa Machi 2019</ref>. Roketi nyingine ni Falcon 9 na Heavy Falcon, kuna pia chombo cha angani cha SpaceX Dragon inayopeleka mizigo kutoka duniani kwenda [[Kituo cha Anga cha Kimataifa]]. Mwaka 2019 aina mpya ya Dragon itasafirisha pia wanaanga kwenda Kituo cha Anga cha Kimataifa. ===Tesla=== Mwaka 2004 Musk aliamua kuwekeza dollar milioni 6.5 katika kampuni changa ya [[Tesla (gari umeme)|Tesla Motors]] iliyolenga kutengeneza magari ya umeme akawa mwenyekiti wa bodi ya Tesla. Katika miaka iliyofuata Musk aliendelea kuwekeza tena na tena jumla ya dollar milioni juu ya 20 katika Tesla. Tangu 2008 amekuwa mkurugenzi mkuu. Tesla imeanza kutengeneza na kuuza magari ya umeme yanayopatikana kwa kiasi cha dollar 35,000. ===SolarCity=== Mwaka 2004 Musk alihamasisha binamu zake Lyndon Rive na Peter Rive kuanzisha [[SolarCity]] ambayo ni kampuni ya teknolojia ya umemejua. Inatengeza paneli za umemejua pamoja na vifaa vya kudhibiti chaji na kuziweka kwenye majengo ya watu na makampuni. SolarCity imenunuliwa na Tesla. ==Familia== Musk alioa mara mbili lakini [[ndoa]] zake ziliishia na [[talaka]]. Ana wana watano kutoka ndoa yake ya kwanza waliozaliwa mwaka 2004 na 2006. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Afrika Kusini]] [[jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Kanada]] 2fk6pzzfsrw94lo7w34a6mlcflvba2h 0 111827 1576285 1511029 2026-06-23T19:33:15Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Kazi ya muziki */ 1576285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |Jina = Dizasta Vina |Background = solo_singer |picha =Dizasta_Vina_katika_Pozi.png |maelezo =Dizasta Vina katika pozi - Aprili [[2018]] |Jina lingine = The Black Maradona, Professor Tungo, Fundi Vina |Chimbuko = [[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1993|2|17|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kufa = |mahali alipofia= |Aina ya muziki = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]] |Kazi yake = [[Rapa]], [[Mtunzi]], [[Mshairi]], [[Mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] |Miaka ya kazi = [[2012]] - sasa |Studio = Panorama Authentik |Ameshirikiana na = Baraka the Prince, G Nako, One The Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, [[Nash MC]], JCB wa [[Watengwa]] |Ala = [[Sauti]], [[Kinanda]] |wavuti ={{URL|https://dizastavina.com}} |Jina la kuzaliwa = Edger Vicent Mwaipeta }} '''Edger Vicent Mwaipeta''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''Dizasta Vina'''; amezaliwa [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]], [[17 Februari]] [[1993]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Hip Hop]] na [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ni mmoja kati ya watu walioanzisha kundi la Panorama Authentik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/246062|work=Music In Africa|date=2022-11-10|accessdate=2023-01-19|language=en}}</ref> Ni [[msanii]] ambaye muundo wa mashairi yake unajumuisha usimuliaji wa matukio na hadithi za [[maisha]] halisi ya [[jamii]] aliyotokea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzanian Celebrities Contribute Socially|url=https://www.maishahuru.com/entertainment/how-tanzanian-celebrities-contribute-socially-151|work=Maisha Huru|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=sw|author=Maisha Huru}}</ref> Tungo zake zinasifika kwa kuelimisha na kugusa mausula ya kijamii kama vile malezi, maradhi, siasa, umasikini, elimu, haki na usawa, uraibu wa [[madawa ya kulevya]] na masuala mengine ndani na nje ya jamii, [[taifa]] lake na [[ulimwengu]] mzima kwa jumla.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fid Q ataja Top 5 ya rapa wake bora Tanzania {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://www.eatv.tv/news/entertainment/fid-q-ataja-top-5-ya-rapa-wake-bora-tanzania|work=www.eatv.tv|date=2023-11-29|accessdate=2024-01-29|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2004]] mama yake alimpeleka kwenye tamasha la mkesha wa [[mwaka mpya]], Dhando Hall Mbeya. Mike Tee na [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] walitumbuiza usiku huo. Dizasta Vina alishangazwa na namna [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] alivyoweza kutumbuiza mbele ya watu wengi kiasi kile na katika umri mdogo. Tangu hapo alianza kutamani kuwa kama yeye kwenye wakati ule. Kutokea hapo wazo la kuwa [[mwanamuziki]] liliishi kichwani mwake. Kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] alianza kushiriki kwenye majukwaa mbalimbali ya [[Hip Hop]]. Mwaka [[2010]] alishiriki kwenye "Hot Fm Freestyle Battle", [[mashindano]] ya kurap (kuchana) yaliyoandaliwa na redio ya matangazo ya [[kiingereza]] ya Hot Fm mkoani [[Iringa]]. Akiwa bado anatumia jina lake halisi, dada ambaye alikuwa mmoja wa waandaaji na watangazaji wa mashindano hayo Dj Divanji alimpa jina la "Disaster" kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuchana. Jina lilipata umaarufu kwa mashabiki na aliamua kutumia jina hilo kukumbuka huo wakati. Aliongeza neno "Vina" kwenye jina lake la kisanii kutunza heshima ya kaka yake wa shuleni Adam Kasim aliyekuwa anajiita "Mavina". Adam ndiye aliyemfundisha vitu mbalimbali vinavyohusiana na uandishi wa mashairi ya [[Hip hop ya Kitanzania|hip hop]]. Mwaka [[2012]] alishiriki mashindano ya uchanaji wakati wa tamasha la uzinduzi wa [[Santuri]] 5 za [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip Hop]] chini ya TamaduniMuzik pale New Msasani Club na alikuwa miongoni mwa washindi watano (ikiwa ni pamoja na Dan General, Kinya Mistari, Bale boy na Blada Mc) waliofanikiwa kujiunga na familia ya TamaduniMuzik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=30 days of Tanzanian hip hop: Day 11 Hip Hop Kilinge (cypher)|url=https://hiphopafrican.com/30-days-of-tanzanian-hip-hop-day-11-hip-hop-kilinge-cypher/|work=The Hip Hop African|date=2014-09-11|accessdate=2024-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=https://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2024-08-21|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Mwaka huohuo alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza uliokwenda kwa jina "Harder", ulitengenezwa na More Mocco na Laheel Paps.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina Biography, Music Career, Awards, Relationships and Net Worth Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/21110|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[2017]], alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]". Aliachia nyimbo kadhaa na kufanikiwa kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza '''JESUSta''' mwaka wa [[2018]]. Mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba [[2020]], alitoa albamu yake ya pili "[[The Verteller]]". Kando na kutoa nyimbo, Dizasta Vina amekuwa akifanya utayarishaji wa nyimbo zake, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma namna ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. == Maisha ya awali == Dizasta Vina alizaliwa na jina la Edger Vicent Mwaipeta tarehe [[17 Februari]] [[1993]] katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Mkoa wa [[Iringa (mji)|Iringa.]] Wakati huo, wazazi wake walikuwa wakiishi Mtaa wa Kota, Kata ya [[Mlandege (Iringa)|Mlandege]], [[Iringa Mjini|Iringa]]. Ni mtoto wa pili kuzaliwa katika familia yao na ni [[mwanaume]] pekee akiwa na dada zake wawili. Kiasili, Dizasta Vina anatoka [[mkoa wa Mbeya]], ambapo yeye ni [[Wanyakyusa|Mnyakyusa]]. Hata hivyo, alizaliwa [[Iringa Mjini]] na mwaka 2003, akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, familia yake ilihamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kwa sababu za kikazi. Aliendelea na masomo yake ya elimu ya msingi jijini humo. [[Picha:Dizasta Vina Kikwete.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akikabidhiwa zawadi na [[Salma Kikwete]] kama mwanafunzi bora - White Lake High School, [[2008]].|left]]Baada ya kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]] mwaka [[2003]], alijiunga na Shule ya Msingi Jeshini, iliyopo [[Ukonga]]. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, alihamishiwa Shule ya Msingi Kimanga, iliyopo [[Tabata]] [[Kimanga (Ilala)|Kimanga]], na alihitimu elimu ya msingi mwaka [[2006]]. Mwaka [[2007]], alijiunga na shule binafsi ya sekondari ya White Lake High School, Changanyikeni, [[Dar es Salaam]], na baadaye alihamishiwa shule ya Southern Highlands Secondary School, Soweto, Mbeya, ambako alihitimu masomo yake ya sekondari mwaka [[2010]]. Aliendelea na kidato cha tano katika shule ya Kigoma High School, mkoani [[Kigoma]], lakini alisoma kwa muda wa miezi minne tu kabla ya kuhamia shule ya Mbeya High School, ambako alimalizia masomo yake ya sekondari. Mwaka [[2013]], alijiunga na Chuo cha Usimamizi wa [[Fedha]] (Kiingereza: Institute of Finance Management (IFM)) kilichopo jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] na kuchukua [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada ya awali]] ya uhasibu. Kwenye umri wa mwanzo wa kujielewa (kwanzia miaka 11 na kuendelea), Dizasta aliishi [[Tabata]]. Tabata ya miaka ya [[2004]] kuja mpaka [[2010]] ulikuwa ni mji wa maisha ya chini ya mswahili. Kama inavyofahamika, maisha ya chini ya mswahili hualika uchafu. Kipindi hicho aliona wachache waliomtangulia wakifanikiwa na kuondoka mji ule na wengi wakianguka kwenye uhalifu, ulevi na matumizi ya [[madawa ya kulevya]]. Kuishi kwenye mazingira yale kulimpa nafasi ambayo wengi hawana. Nafasi ya kuona kwa mifano pande mbili za sarafu za peponi na gizani. Mazingira yale yalimpa maudhui kwenye kazi zake. Albumu yake ya [[The Verteller]] na ''A Father Figure'' ni shuhuda kutoka mazingira aliyokulia. Kwa muda mrefu, Dizasta amekuwa akiishi [[Dar es Salaam]], ingawa mara kwa mara husafiri kwenda Majengo, [[Mbeya]], nyumbani kwao asili, ambako wazazi wake wanatokea. Muziki ni sehemu ya maisha yake tangu akiwa na umri mdogo, familia yake walikuwa waimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na wengine ni wanakwaya mpaka sasa. == Kazi ya muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina_-_Hip_hop_Festival_Asili.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akitumbuiza katika tamasha la [[:en:Hip-Hop_Asili_Festival|Hip Hop Asili Festival]] huko Alliance Française, [[Dar es Salaam]] — mnamo tarehe 26 Juni, 2023.]] Dizasta Vina amezaliwa katika familia inayopenda muziki na alianza kufuatilia muziki tangu akiwa na umri mdogo. Msukumo wa kuupenda muziki aliupata kutoka kwa familia yake. Mama yake alikuwa mwimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na pia kwa vipindi tofauti dada zake walijiunga na uimbaji wa kwaya. Wakati anakua, Vina alijulikana mtaani kwa kukariri nyimbo za wanamuziki mashuhuri nchini Tanzania kama vile [[Professor Jay]], [[Afande Sele]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Solo Thang]]. Wakati fulani, watu walikuwa wakimpa pesa ili awaimbie baadhi ya nyimbo zilizotamba wakati huo. Alianza kutamani kuwa mchanaji baada ya kusikiliza albamu ya "[[Machozi Jasho na Damu]]" ya Professor Jay. Dizasta vina alianza rasmi kujishughulisha na masuala ya muziki mnamo mwaka wa [[2007]] kwa kushiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kurap ikiwa ni pamoja na [[SM Straight Music Freestyle Battle]] mwaka wa [[2010]] mkoani [[Iringa]]. Mashindano kama haya yalimjengea msingi wa kuwa mwanamuziki na kumpa hamasa ya kujifunza zaidi kuhusu misingi ya utamaduni wa hip hop. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2011]] alikutana na mtayarishaji wa muziki, [[Duke Touchez]]. Duke alimpa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kujiunga na [[Tamaduni Muzik]] ambayo kwa kipindi hicho ilikuwa inatafuta vipaji vipya. Dizasta alishiriki shindano la kuchana lililofanyika wakati wa tamasha la kuachia santuri tano kwa mpigo ("African Son" ya Stereo, "Sauti ya Jogoo" ya [[Nikki Mbishi]], "Soga za Mzawa" ya One the Incredible, "Underground Legendary" ya Duke Touchez na "Mathematrix" ya Songa na Ghetto Ambassador).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=http://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2022-07-28|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Zaidi ya wasanii ishirini walishiriki shindano hili na Dizasta alifanikiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wasanii watano tu waliochaguliwa kujiunga rasmi na TamaduniMuzik. Alianza kupata umaarufu mnamo mwaka wa 2012, alipotoa wimbo wake wa kwanza 'Harder'.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: Zawadi nyingine kwa wapenda HipHop Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-zawadi-nyingine-kwa-wapenda-hiphop-tanzania.1419722/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka wa [[2013]], Dizasta alitoa wimbo ulioitwa "Tega sikio", kisha akatoa "Goli la ushindi", "Nyumba Ndogo" na "Sister". Dizasta alishirikishwa kwenye albamu ya "Underground Project" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki anayefahamika kwa jina la AK 47, kwenye wimbo uliokwenda kwa jina la "Heavyweight" alishirikiana na mwanamuziki wa kike, [[Tifa Flows]]. Mwaka huo huo alishirikishwa katika albamu ya "Upande wa pili wa sarafu" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki Abby Mp, kazi ya kilinge ya Duke Touchez, albamu ya "Kiutu Uzima" ya msanii Kadgo, Kandamseto ya "Slow Jams" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki - Innocent Mujwahuki, "Tamaduni Foundation" ya Ngwesa na "Representing Africa Popote" ya [[One the Incredible]]. Dizasta akiwa anaendelea na masomo ya chuo kikuu alijifunza mambo madogo madogo ya kuwa mwanamuziki wa kujitegemea. Kufikia mwaka wa [[2015]], Vina alikuwa maarufu nchini Tanzania baada ya kutoa wimbo wa ‘Kijogoo’ na ‘Siku Nikifa’. Mwaka [[2017]] alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kandamseto hii ilivuta usikivu wa wadau wengi wa muziki na alianza kuzungumziwa kupitia media mbalimbali kama mmoja wa wasanii bora wa kizazi kipya na mtunzi mahiri wa nyimbo za masimulizi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina anaweza akawa ndio best rapper Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-anaweza-akawa-ndio-best-rapper-tanzania.1483766/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Februari 2018, Dizasta alipata mwaliko kwenye "Dakika 10 za Maangamizi" kipindi kidogo ndani ya kipindi cha Planet Bongo cha [[East Africa Radio]]. Iliripotiwa kuwa kipindi chake cha mitindo huru ni mojawapo ya kipindi bora zaidi kwenye mfululizo wa kipindi hicho.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dakika 10 Za Maangamizi- Dizasta Vina {{!}} Planet Bongo I|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS4E3bG1b30|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> ===2018: ''Jesusta''=== Desemba mwaka wa [[2018]], Dizasta Vina alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa "[[Jesusta]]". Albamu hiyo yenye nyimbo 20 imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Nikki Mbishi]], Shaolin Senetor, Bokonya, Kinya, [[Motra the Future]], [[Boshoo]] na Jeff Mduma. Albamu ilivuta hisia za wapenzi wengi wa muziki wa hip hop kote nchini na ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama: "The Lost One", "Nobody is Safe", " Kanisa"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|accessdate=2022-10-20|language=en|archive-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020044630/https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|url-status=dead}}</ref>, na "Hatia". Wimbo wa "Kikaoni" ambao aliutayarisha mwenyewe uliingia katika chati za vituo kadhaa vya redio jijini Dar es Salaam na kote Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Audiomack {{!}} Free Music Sharing and Discovery|url=https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/song/dizasta-vina-kikaoni-1|work=audiomack.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> ===2020:''The Verteller''=== {{main|The Verteller}} "The Verteller" albamu ya pili ya Dizasta Vina ilitolewa tarehe[[27 Desemba 2020]] ilitolewa kupitia Panorama Authentik na utayarishaji wake ulishughulikiwa na Ringle Beatz (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), Cjmoker na Jcob. Dizasta alirekodi albamu hii kati ya mwaka [[2019 na 2020]]. The Verteller ina jumla ya nyimbo 20 kama mtangulizi wake na imeshirikisha wasanii wengine kutoka nchini Tanzania ikiwa ni pamoja na Tk Nendeze, Adam ShuleKongwe, Bokonya, Wakiafrika, Nasra Sayeed na Dash. Albamu ilipokelewa vyema na mashabiki na wapenzi wa muziki. Nyimbo kama "Ndoano", " The Confession of a Mad Man", "Wimbo usio bora", " Kesho" na "Muscular Feminist" zilimletea umaarufu zaidi wa kitaifa na ufuasi mkubwa wa mashabiki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=More deadly than the male: Clara Cleitus Luvanga – A story of a baller from Njombe|url=https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Simulizi na sauti SNS|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327172313/https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kutayarisha muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina.png|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Dizasta Vina akiwa katika studio za '''Panorama Authentik''' jijini Dar es Salaam, Tanzania— mnamo tarehe 17 Februari, 2018.]] Miaka ya karibuni, Dizasta amekuwa akitayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma jinsi ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. Baadhi ya nyimbo zake mashuhuri alizotayarisha mwenyewe ni pamoja na "Fallen Angel" iliyotoka tarehe [[23 Julai 2016]], "Kanisa" iliyotoka [[13 Novemba 2016]] na "The Lost One" iliyotoka Aprili [[2017]]. Uwezo wake mkubwa kama mtayarishaji ulianza kuonekana kupitia mfululizo wa nyimbo zake kama vile "Hatia", "Nobody is Safe", "Hatia II", na "Hatia III" na "Kikaoni", kibao kilicho jizolea umaarufu mkubwa kwa wapenzi wa utamaduni wa handakini kutokana na kugusa maisha ya familia na ndoa. Katika albamu ya " The Verteller" alishiriki kutayarisha wimbo wa "Tatoo Ya Asili", "A Confession of a Mad Teacher","A Confession of a Mad Son", "Ndoano", "Maabara" na "Kifo. Anakubali kuwa amepata utaalamu na mbinu nyingi zaidi za kutayarisha muziki kutokana na kufanya kazi na watayarishaji wengine wa muziki wa Kitanzania kama Duke Touchez, Ray Teknohama na Ringle Beatz. Dizasta anaamini kuwa na taaluma ya kutayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe kuna faida kubwa kwani kunafanya afikie hisia halisi za wimbo tofauti na pale anapotafuta na kujenga mahusiano ya kimuziki na mtayarishaji mwingine. == Dizasta Vina na TamaduniMuzik == TamaduniMuzik ni jukwaa la muziki wa kujitegemea ambalo Dizasta alifanyanalo kazi kwa mafanikio makubwa. Alijiunga na TamaduniMuzik mwaka 2012 baada ya kuwa moja ya washindi watano wa mashindano ya uchanaji yaliyoandaliwa na TamaduniMuzik na kufanyika New Msasani Club. Duke Touchez mtayarishaji wa muziki na mwanzilishi wa M Lab Records, TamaduniMuzik, na Hip Hop Kilinge (Kiingereza: Hip Hop cypher) alivutiwa na uwezo na uelewa wake kuhusu utamaduni wa hip hop na alifanikisha kujiunga kwake na TamaduniMuzik. Wakati huo TamaduniMuzik ilikuwa na wasanii kama One the Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, Stereo, Zaiid, Songa, [[Nash MC]] na wengineo. Dizasta anasema kujiunga na TamaduniMuzik ilimsaidia kujifunza kuwa msanii anayejitegemea. Alijifunza hatua za kutayarisha muziki, namna ya kutayarisha midundo yake mwenyewe, kujitangaza, mbinu za kusambaza muziki na namna ya kubadilisha mashabiki kuwa wateja wa kazi zake. Kupitia TamaduniMuzik waliweza kubadilisha na kutimiza nguzo karibia zote za hip hop zinavyotaka. Maoni ya Dizasta Vina kuhusu TamaduniMuzik ni kwamba ndio wao waliobadilisha mtazamo na mwelekeo mzima wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kupitia wao, tuliweza kuona kutolewa kwa albamu kwa sana hata kwa wasanii wachanga, kutoa kandamseto, kurudisha maonesho ya hip hop kukusanya wasanii “Kilingeni” huko Msasani Club. Kwa kifupi TamaduniMuzik imehakikisha sanaa ya muziki wa hip hop inapata nafasi kubwa katika jamii ya Watanzania. == Migogoro == Mnamo Januari 2023 uliibuka mzozo kati ya Dizasta na msanii mwenzake Rapcha (msanii aliye chini ya nembo ya [[P. Funk|P. Funk Majani]] kwa sasa. Mzozo ulianza baada ya Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Story Nyingine" tarehe 31 Disemba 2022. Katika wimbo huo, Rapcha aliwazungumzia wasanii kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Babu Tale]], [[Young Lunya]] na Dizasta Vina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The beauty and ugliness of beefing to Bongo Flava showbiz|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beauty-and-ugliness-of-beefing-to-bongo-flava-showbiz-4093032|work=The Citizen|date=2023-01-20|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> Januari 9, 2023, Dizasta alimjibu kwa kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Best Friend". Mzozo wao uliendelea baada ya Januari 12, 2023, Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Nyuclear Story", wimbo ambao moja kwa moja ulimlenga Dizasta. Siku nne mbele, Januari 17, 2023, Dizasta Vina alimjibu tena Rapcha kwa kutoa wimbo wa "Tribulation", Rapcha hakuja na jibu. Mnamo Juni 2023, Rapcha alipoulizwa juu ya hali ya ugomvi wake na Dizasta, alisema wawili hao hawatapatana na hawawezi kufanya kazi pamoja, hali ambayo hadi sasa imethibitika kuwa kweli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rapcha Amjibu Dizasta Vina Kwenye Nyu'clear Freestyle Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/42474|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== Hii ni orodha ya albamu za muziki alizotoa Dizasta Vina. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. !! Jina la albamu !! Mwaka !! Maelezo |- | 1. || [[The Wonderboy Mixtape|THE Wonderboy Mixtape]]|| 2017 || Kandamseto ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 2. || [[ Jesusta]]|| 2018|| Albamu rasmi ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 3. || [[The Verteller]] || 2021 || Albamu ya pili kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- |4. |A Father Figure |2024 |Albamu ya tatu kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina - Imetoka tarehe 06 Januari, 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mafanikio ya albamu ya Dizasta haya hapa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/burudani/mafanikio-ya-albamu-ya-dizasta-haya-hapa-4883234|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-06-11|accessdate=2025-06-23|language=en}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Dizasta Vina}} *{{Official website|https://www.dizastavina.com}} *[https://x.com/dizastavina Dizasta Vina] katika Twitter *{{Instagram|dizastavina}} *[https://www.youtube.com/@dizastavina Dizasta Vina YouTube Channel] {{BD|1993}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] cyre29oywg1ypfavc1z05xgqgttsqyz 1576288 1576285 2026-06-23T20:14:53Z Benix Mby 36425 /* 2020:The Verteller */ 1576288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |Jina = Dizasta Vina |Background = solo_singer |picha =Dizasta_Vina_katika_Pozi.png |maelezo =Dizasta Vina katika pozi - Aprili [[2018]] |Jina lingine = The Black Maradona, Professor Tungo, Fundi Vina |Chimbuko = [[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1993|2|17|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kufa = |mahali alipofia= |Aina ya muziki = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]] |Kazi yake = [[Rapa]], [[Mtunzi]], [[Mshairi]], [[Mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] |Miaka ya kazi = [[2012]] - sasa |Studio = Panorama Authentik |Ameshirikiana na = Baraka the Prince, G Nako, One The Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, [[Nash MC]], JCB wa [[Watengwa]] |Ala = [[Sauti]], [[Kinanda]] |wavuti ={{URL|https://dizastavina.com}} |Jina la kuzaliwa = Edger Vicent Mwaipeta }} '''Edger Vicent Mwaipeta''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''Dizasta Vina'''; amezaliwa [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]], [[17 Februari]] [[1993]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Hip Hop]] na [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ni mmoja kati ya watu walioanzisha kundi la Panorama Authentik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/246062|work=Music In Africa|date=2022-11-10|accessdate=2023-01-19|language=en}}</ref> Ni [[msanii]] ambaye muundo wa mashairi yake unajumuisha usimuliaji wa matukio na hadithi za [[maisha]] halisi ya [[jamii]] aliyotokea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzanian Celebrities Contribute Socially|url=https://www.maishahuru.com/entertainment/how-tanzanian-celebrities-contribute-socially-151|work=Maisha Huru|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=sw|author=Maisha Huru}}</ref> Tungo zake zinasifika kwa kuelimisha na kugusa mausula ya kijamii kama vile malezi, maradhi, siasa, umasikini, elimu, haki na usawa, uraibu wa [[madawa ya kulevya]] na masuala mengine ndani na nje ya jamii, [[taifa]] lake na [[ulimwengu]] mzima kwa jumla.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fid Q ataja Top 5 ya rapa wake bora Tanzania {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://www.eatv.tv/news/entertainment/fid-q-ataja-top-5-ya-rapa-wake-bora-tanzania|work=www.eatv.tv|date=2023-11-29|accessdate=2024-01-29|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2004]] mama yake alimpeleka kwenye tamasha la mkesha wa [[mwaka mpya]], Dhando Hall Mbeya. Mike Tee na [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] walitumbuiza usiku huo. Dizasta Vina alishangazwa na namna [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] alivyoweza kutumbuiza mbele ya watu wengi kiasi kile na katika umri mdogo. Tangu hapo alianza kutamani kuwa kama yeye kwenye wakati ule. Kutokea hapo wazo la kuwa [[mwanamuziki]] liliishi kichwani mwake. Kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] alianza kushiriki kwenye majukwaa mbalimbali ya [[Hip Hop]]. Mwaka [[2010]] alishiriki kwenye "Hot Fm Freestyle Battle", [[mashindano]] ya kurap (kuchana) yaliyoandaliwa na redio ya matangazo ya [[kiingereza]] ya Hot Fm mkoani [[Iringa]]. Akiwa bado anatumia jina lake halisi, dada ambaye alikuwa mmoja wa waandaaji na watangazaji wa mashindano hayo Dj Divanji alimpa jina la "Disaster" kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuchana. Jina lilipata umaarufu kwa mashabiki na aliamua kutumia jina hilo kukumbuka huo wakati. Aliongeza neno "Vina" kwenye jina lake la kisanii kutunza heshima ya kaka yake wa shuleni Adam Kasim aliyekuwa anajiita "Mavina". Adam ndiye aliyemfundisha vitu mbalimbali vinavyohusiana na uandishi wa mashairi ya [[Hip hop ya Kitanzania|hip hop]]. Mwaka [[2012]] alishiriki mashindano ya uchanaji wakati wa tamasha la uzinduzi wa [[Santuri]] 5 za [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip Hop]] chini ya TamaduniMuzik pale New Msasani Club na alikuwa miongoni mwa washindi watano (ikiwa ni pamoja na Dan General, Kinya Mistari, Bale boy na Blada Mc) waliofanikiwa kujiunga na familia ya TamaduniMuzik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=30 days of Tanzanian hip hop: Day 11 Hip Hop Kilinge (cypher)|url=https://hiphopafrican.com/30-days-of-tanzanian-hip-hop-day-11-hip-hop-kilinge-cypher/|work=The Hip Hop African|date=2014-09-11|accessdate=2024-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=https://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2024-08-21|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Mwaka huohuo alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza uliokwenda kwa jina "Harder", ulitengenezwa na More Mocco na Laheel Paps.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina Biography, Music Career, Awards, Relationships and Net Worth Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/21110|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[2017]], alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]". Aliachia nyimbo kadhaa na kufanikiwa kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza '''JESUSta''' mwaka wa [[2018]]. Mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba [[2020]], alitoa albamu yake ya pili "[[The Verteller]]". Kando na kutoa nyimbo, Dizasta Vina amekuwa akifanya utayarishaji wa nyimbo zake, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma namna ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. == Maisha ya awali == Dizasta Vina alizaliwa na jina la Edger Vicent Mwaipeta tarehe [[17 Februari]] [[1993]] katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Mkoa wa [[Iringa (mji)|Iringa.]] Wakati huo, wazazi wake walikuwa wakiishi Mtaa wa Kota, Kata ya [[Mlandege (Iringa)|Mlandege]], [[Iringa Mjini|Iringa]]. Ni mtoto wa pili kuzaliwa katika familia yao na ni [[mwanaume]] pekee akiwa na dada zake wawili. Kiasili, Dizasta Vina anatoka [[mkoa wa Mbeya]], ambapo yeye ni [[Wanyakyusa|Mnyakyusa]]. Hata hivyo, alizaliwa [[Iringa Mjini]] na mwaka 2003, akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, familia yake ilihamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kwa sababu za kikazi. Aliendelea na masomo yake ya elimu ya msingi jijini humo. [[Picha:Dizasta Vina Kikwete.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akikabidhiwa zawadi na [[Salma Kikwete]] kama mwanafunzi bora - White Lake High School, [[2008]].|left]]Baada ya kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]] mwaka [[2003]], alijiunga na Shule ya Msingi Jeshini, iliyopo [[Ukonga]]. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, alihamishiwa Shule ya Msingi Kimanga, iliyopo [[Tabata]] [[Kimanga (Ilala)|Kimanga]], na alihitimu elimu ya msingi mwaka [[2006]]. Mwaka [[2007]], alijiunga na shule binafsi ya sekondari ya White Lake High School, Changanyikeni, [[Dar es Salaam]], na baadaye alihamishiwa shule ya Southern Highlands Secondary School, Soweto, Mbeya, ambako alihitimu masomo yake ya sekondari mwaka [[2010]]. Aliendelea na kidato cha tano katika shule ya Kigoma High School, mkoani [[Kigoma]], lakini alisoma kwa muda wa miezi minne tu kabla ya kuhamia shule ya Mbeya High School, ambako alimalizia masomo yake ya sekondari. Mwaka [[2013]], alijiunga na Chuo cha Usimamizi wa [[Fedha]] (Kiingereza: Institute of Finance Management (IFM)) kilichopo jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] na kuchukua [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada ya awali]] ya uhasibu. Kwenye umri wa mwanzo wa kujielewa (kwanzia miaka 11 na kuendelea), Dizasta aliishi [[Tabata]]. Tabata ya miaka ya [[2004]] kuja mpaka [[2010]] ulikuwa ni mji wa maisha ya chini ya mswahili. Kama inavyofahamika, maisha ya chini ya mswahili hualika uchafu. Kipindi hicho aliona wachache waliomtangulia wakifanikiwa na kuondoka mji ule na wengi wakianguka kwenye uhalifu, ulevi na matumizi ya [[madawa ya kulevya]]. Kuishi kwenye mazingira yale kulimpa nafasi ambayo wengi hawana. Nafasi ya kuona kwa mifano pande mbili za sarafu za peponi na gizani. Mazingira yale yalimpa maudhui kwenye kazi zake. Albumu yake ya [[The Verteller]] na ''A Father Figure'' ni shuhuda kutoka mazingira aliyokulia. Kwa muda mrefu, Dizasta amekuwa akiishi [[Dar es Salaam]], ingawa mara kwa mara husafiri kwenda Majengo, [[Mbeya]], nyumbani kwao asili, ambako wazazi wake wanatokea. Muziki ni sehemu ya maisha yake tangu akiwa na umri mdogo, familia yake walikuwa waimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na wengine ni wanakwaya mpaka sasa. == Kazi ya muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina_-_Hip_hop_Festival_Asili.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akitumbuiza katika tamasha la [[:en:Hip-Hop_Asili_Festival|Hip Hop Asili Festival]] huko Alliance Française, [[Dar es Salaam]] — mnamo tarehe 26 Juni, 2023.]] Dizasta Vina amezaliwa katika familia inayopenda muziki na alianza kufuatilia muziki tangu akiwa na umri mdogo. Msukumo wa kuupenda muziki aliupata kutoka kwa familia yake. Mama yake alikuwa mwimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na pia kwa vipindi tofauti dada zake walijiunga na uimbaji wa kwaya. Wakati anakua, Vina alijulikana mtaani kwa kukariri nyimbo za wanamuziki mashuhuri nchini Tanzania kama vile [[Professor Jay]], [[Afande Sele]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Solo Thang]]. Wakati fulani, watu walikuwa wakimpa pesa ili awaimbie baadhi ya nyimbo zilizotamba wakati huo. Alianza kutamani kuwa mchanaji baada ya kusikiliza albamu ya "[[Machozi Jasho na Damu]]" ya Professor Jay. Dizasta vina alianza rasmi kujishughulisha na masuala ya muziki mnamo mwaka wa [[2007]] kwa kushiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kurap ikiwa ni pamoja na [[SM Straight Music Freestyle Battle]] mwaka wa [[2010]] mkoani [[Iringa]]. Mashindano kama haya yalimjengea msingi wa kuwa mwanamuziki na kumpa hamasa ya kujifunza zaidi kuhusu misingi ya utamaduni wa hip hop. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2011]] alikutana na mtayarishaji wa muziki, [[Duke Touchez]]. Duke alimpa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kujiunga na [[Tamaduni Muzik]] ambayo kwa kipindi hicho ilikuwa inatafuta vipaji vipya. Dizasta alishiriki shindano la kuchana lililofanyika wakati wa tamasha la kuachia santuri tano kwa mpigo ("African Son" ya Stereo, "Sauti ya Jogoo" ya [[Nikki Mbishi]], "Soga za Mzawa" ya One the Incredible, "Underground Legendary" ya Duke Touchez na "Mathematrix" ya Songa na Ghetto Ambassador).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=http://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2022-07-28|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Zaidi ya wasanii ishirini walishiriki shindano hili na Dizasta alifanikiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wasanii watano tu waliochaguliwa kujiunga rasmi na TamaduniMuzik. Alianza kupata umaarufu mnamo mwaka wa 2012, alipotoa wimbo wake wa kwanza 'Harder'.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: Zawadi nyingine kwa wapenda HipHop Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-zawadi-nyingine-kwa-wapenda-hiphop-tanzania.1419722/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka wa [[2013]], Dizasta alitoa wimbo ulioitwa "Tega sikio", kisha akatoa "Goli la ushindi", "Nyumba Ndogo" na "Sister". Dizasta alishirikishwa kwenye albamu ya "Underground Project" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki anayefahamika kwa jina la AK 47, kwenye wimbo uliokwenda kwa jina la "Heavyweight" alishirikiana na mwanamuziki wa kike, [[Tifa Flows]]. Mwaka huo huo alishirikishwa katika albamu ya "Upande wa pili wa sarafu" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki Abby Mp, kazi ya kilinge ya Duke Touchez, albamu ya "Kiutu Uzima" ya msanii Kadgo, Kandamseto ya "Slow Jams" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki - Innocent Mujwahuki, "Tamaduni Foundation" ya Ngwesa na "Representing Africa Popote" ya [[One the Incredible]]. Dizasta akiwa anaendelea na masomo ya chuo kikuu alijifunza mambo madogo madogo ya kuwa mwanamuziki wa kujitegemea. Kufikia mwaka wa [[2015]], Vina alikuwa maarufu nchini Tanzania baada ya kutoa wimbo wa ‘Kijogoo’ na ‘Siku Nikifa’. Mwaka [[2017]] alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kandamseto hii ilivuta usikivu wa wadau wengi wa muziki na alianza kuzungumziwa kupitia media mbalimbali kama mmoja wa wasanii bora wa kizazi kipya na mtunzi mahiri wa nyimbo za masimulizi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina anaweza akawa ndio best rapper Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-anaweza-akawa-ndio-best-rapper-tanzania.1483766/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Februari 2018, Dizasta alipata mwaliko kwenye "Dakika 10 za Maangamizi" kipindi kidogo ndani ya kipindi cha Planet Bongo cha [[East Africa Radio]]. Iliripotiwa kuwa kipindi chake cha mitindo huru ni mojawapo ya kipindi bora zaidi kwenye mfululizo wa kipindi hicho.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dakika 10 Za Maangamizi- Dizasta Vina {{!}} Planet Bongo I|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS4E3bG1b30|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> ===2018: ''Jesusta''=== Desemba mwaka wa [[2018]], Dizasta Vina alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa "[[Jesusta]]". Albamu hiyo yenye nyimbo 20 imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Nikki Mbishi]], Shaolin Senetor, Bokonya, Kinya, [[Motra the Future]], [[Boshoo]] na Jeff Mduma. Albamu ilivuta hisia za wapenzi wengi wa muziki wa hip hop kote nchini na ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama: "The Lost One", "Nobody is Safe", " Kanisa"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|accessdate=2022-10-20|language=en|archive-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020044630/https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|url-status=dead}}</ref>, na "Hatia". Wimbo wa "Kikaoni" ambao aliutayarisha mwenyewe uliingia katika chati za vituo kadhaa vya redio jijini Dar es Salaam na kote Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Audiomack {{!}} Free Music Sharing and Discovery|url=https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/song/dizasta-vina-kikaoni-1|work=audiomack.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> ===2020:''The Verteller''=== {{main|The Verteller}} "The Verteller" albamu ya pili ya Dizasta Vina ilitolewa tarehe [[27 Desemba 2020]] ilitolewa kupitia Panorama Authentik na utayarishaji wake ulishughulikiwa na Ringle Beatz (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), Cjmoker na Jcob. Dizasta alirekodi albamu hii kati ya mwaka [[2019 na 2020]]. The Verteller ina jumla ya nyimbo 20 kama mtangulizi wake na imeshirikisha wasanii wengine kutoka nchini Tanzania ikiwa ni pamoja na Tk Nendeze, Adam ShuleKongwe, Bokonya, Wakiafrika, Nasra Sayeed na Dash. Albamu ilipokelewa vyema na mashabiki na wapenzi wa muziki. Nyimbo kama "Ndoano", " The Confession of a Mad Man", "Wimbo usio bora", " Kesho" na "Muscular Feminist" zilimletea umaarufu zaidi wa kitaifa na ufuasi mkubwa wa mashabiki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=More deadly than the male: Clara Cleitus Luvanga – A story of a baller from Njombe|url=https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Simulizi na sauti SNS|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327172313/https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kutayarisha muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina.png|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Dizasta Vina akiwa katika studio za '''Panorama Authentik''' jijini Dar es Salaam, Tanzania— mnamo tarehe 17 Februari, 2018.]] Miaka ya karibuni, Dizasta amekuwa akitayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma jinsi ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. Baadhi ya nyimbo zake mashuhuri alizotayarisha mwenyewe ni pamoja na "Fallen Angel" iliyotoka tarehe [[23 Julai 2016]], "Kanisa" iliyotoka [[13 Novemba 2016]] na "The Lost One" iliyotoka Aprili [[2017]]. Uwezo wake mkubwa kama mtayarishaji ulianza kuonekana kupitia mfululizo wa nyimbo zake kama vile "Hatia", "Nobody is Safe", "Hatia II", na "Hatia III" na "Kikaoni", kibao kilicho jizolea umaarufu mkubwa kwa wapenzi wa utamaduni wa handakini kutokana na kugusa maisha ya familia na ndoa. Katika albamu ya " The Verteller" alishiriki kutayarisha wimbo wa "Tatoo Ya Asili", "A Confession of a Mad Teacher","A Confession of a Mad Son", "Ndoano", "Maabara" na "Kifo. Anakubali kuwa amepata utaalamu na mbinu nyingi zaidi za kutayarisha muziki kutokana na kufanya kazi na watayarishaji wengine wa muziki wa Kitanzania kama Duke Touchez, Ray Teknohama na Ringle Beatz. Dizasta anaamini kuwa na taaluma ya kutayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe kuna faida kubwa kwani kunafanya afikie hisia halisi za wimbo tofauti na pale anapotafuta na kujenga mahusiano ya kimuziki na mtayarishaji mwingine. == Dizasta Vina na TamaduniMuzik == TamaduniMuzik ni jukwaa la muziki wa kujitegemea ambalo Dizasta alifanyanalo kazi kwa mafanikio makubwa. Alijiunga na TamaduniMuzik mwaka 2012 baada ya kuwa moja ya washindi watano wa mashindano ya uchanaji yaliyoandaliwa na TamaduniMuzik na kufanyika New Msasani Club. Duke Touchez mtayarishaji wa muziki na mwanzilishi wa M Lab Records, TamaduniMuzik, na Hip Hop Kilinge (Kiingereza: Hip Hop cypher) alivutiwa na uwezo na uelewa wake kuhusu utamaduni wa hip hop na alifanikisha kujiunga kwake na TamaduniMuzik. Wakati huo TamaduniMuzik ilikuwa na wasanii kama One the Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, Stereo, Zaiid, Songa, [[Nash MC]] na wengineo. Dizasta anasema kujiunga na TamaduniMuzik ilimsaidia kujifunza kuwa msanii anayejitegemea. Alijifunza hatua za kutayarisha muziki, namna ya kutayarisha midundo yake mwenyewe, kujitangaza, mbinu za kusambaza muziki na namna ya kubadilisha mashabiki kuwa wateja wa kazi zake. Kupitia TamaduniMuzik waliweza kubadilisha na kutimiza nguzo karibia zote za hip hop zinavyotaka. Maoni ya Dizasta Vina kuhusu TamaduniMuzik ni kwamba ndio wao waliobadilisha mtazamo na mwelekeo mzima wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kupitia wao, tuliweza kuona kutolewa kwa albamu kwa sana hata kwa wasanii wachanga, kutoa kandamseto, kurudisha maonesho ya hip hop kukusanya wasanii “Kilingeni” huko Msasani Club. Kwa kifupi TamaduniMuzik imehakikisha sanaa ya muziki wa hip hop inapata nafasi kubwa katika jamii ya Watanzania. == Migogoro == Mnamo Januari 2023 uliibuka mzozo kati ya Dizasta na msanii mwenzake Rapcha (msanii aliye chini ya nembo ya [[P. Funk|P. Funk Majani]] kwa sasa. Mzozo ulianza baada ya Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Story Nyingine" tarehe 31 Disemba 2022. Katika wimbo huo, Rapcha aliwazungumzia wasanii kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Babu Tale]], [[Young Lunya]] na Dizasta Vina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The beauty and ugliness of beefing to Bongo Flava showbiz|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beauty-and-ugliness-of-beefing-to-bongo-flava-showbiz-4093032|work=The Citizen|date=2023-01-20|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> Januari 9, 2023, Dizasta alimjibu kwa kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Best Friend". Mzozo wao uliendelea baada ya Januari 12, 2023, Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Nyuclear Story", wimbo ambao moja kwa moja ulimlenga Dizasta. Siku nne mbele, Januari 17, 2023, Dizasta Vina alimjibu tena Rapcha kwa kutoa wimbo wa "Tribulation", Rapcha hakuja na jibu. Mnamo Juni 2023, Rapcha alipoulizwa juu ya hali ya ugomvi wake na Dizasta, alisema wawili hao hawatapatana na hawawezi kufanya kazi pamoja, hali ambayo hadi sasa imethibitika kuwa kweli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rapcha Amjibu Dizasta Vina Kwenye Nyu'clear Freestyle Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/42474|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== Hii ni orodha ya albamu za muziki alizotoa Dizasta Vina. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. !! Jina la albamu !! Mwaka !! Maelezo |- | 1. || [[The Wonderboy Mixtape|THE Wonderboy Mixtape]]|| 2017 || Kandamseto ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 2. || [[ Jesusta]]|| 2018|| Albamu rasmi ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 3. || [[The Verteller]] || 2021 || Albamu ya pili kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- |4. |A Father Figure |2024 |Albamu ya tatu kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina - Imetoka tarehe 06 Januari, 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mafanikio ya albamu ya Dizasta haya hapa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/burudani/mafanikio-ya-albamu-ya-dizasta-haya-hapa-4883234|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-06-11|accessdate=2025-06-23|language=en}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Dizasta Vina}} *{{Official website|https://www.dizastavina.com}} *[https://x.com/dizastavina Dizasta Vina] katika Twitter *{{Instagram|dizastavina}} *[https://www.youtube.com/@dizastavina Dizasta Vina YouTube Channel] {{BD|1993}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] netdfmip10vndalgspxus9o8s3uhm6b 1576290 1576288 2026-06-23T20:15:20Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Dizasta Vina na TamaduniMuzik */ 1576290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |Jina = Dizasta Vina |Background = solo_singer |picha =Dizasta_Vina_katika_Pozi.png |maelezo =Dizasta Vina katika pozi - Aprili [[2018]] |Jina lingine = The Black Maradona, Professor Tungo, Fundi Vina |Chimbuko = [[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1993|2|17|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kufa = |mahali alipofia= |Aina ya muziki = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]] |Kazi yake = [[Rapa]], [[Mtunzi]], [[Mshairi]], [[Mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] |Miaka ya kazi = [[2012]] - sasa |Studio = Panorama Authentik |Ameshirikiana na = Baraka the Prince, G Nako, One The Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, [[Nash MC]], JCB wa [[Watengwa]] |Ala = [[Sauti]], [[Kinanda]] |wavuti ={{URL|https://dizastavina.com}} |Jina la kuzaliwa = Edger Vicent Mwaipeta }} '''Edger Vicent Mwaipeta''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''Dizasta Vina'''; amezaliwa [[Iringa]], [[Tanzania]], [[17 Februari]] [[1993]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Hip Hop]] na [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ni mmoja kati ya watu walioanzisha kundi la Panorama Authentik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/246062|work=Music In Africa|date=2022-11-10|accessdate=2023-01-19|language=en}}</ref> Ni [[msanii]] ambaye muundo wa mashairi yake unajumuisha usimuliaji wa matukio na hadithi za [[maisha]] halisi ya [[jamii]] aliyotokea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzanian Celebrities Contribute Socially|url=https://www.maishahuru.com/entertainment/how-tanzanian-celebrities-contribute-socially-151|work=Maisha Huru|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=sw|author=Maisha Huru}}</ref> Tungo zake zinasifika kwa kuelimisha na kugusa mausula ya kijamii kama vile malezi, maradhi, siasa, umasikini, elimu, haki na usawa, uraibu wa [[madawa ya kulevya]] na masuala mengine ndani na nje ya jamii, [[taifa]] lake na [[ulimwengu]] mzima kwa jumla.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fid Q ataja Top 5 ya rapa wake bora Tanzania {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://www.eatv.tv/news/entertainment/fid-q-ataja-top-5-ya-rapa-wake-bora-tanzania|work=www.eatv.tv|date=2023-11-29|accessdate=2024-01-29|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2004]] mama yake alimpeleka kwenye tamasha la mkesha wa [[mwaka mpya]], Dhando Hall Mbeya. Mike Tee na [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] walitumbuiza usiku huo. Dizasta Vina alishangazwa na namna [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue]] alivyoweza kutumbuiza mbele ya watu wengi kiasi kile na katika umri mdogo. Tangu hapo alianza kutamani kuwa kama yeye kwenye wakati ule. Kutokea hapo wazo la kuwa [[mwanamuziki]] liliishi kichwani mwake. Kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] alianza kushiriki kwenye majukwaa mbalimbali ya [[Hip Hop]]. Mwaka [[2010]] alishiriki kwenye "Hot Fm Freestyle Battle", [[mashindano]] ya kurap (kuchana) yaliyoandaliwa na redio ya matangazo ya [[kiingereza]] ya Hot Fm mkoani [[Iringa]]. Akiwa bado anatumia jina lake halisi, dada ambaye alikuwa mmoja wa waandaaji na watangazaji wa mashindano hayo Dj Divanji alimpa jina la "Disaster" kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuchana. Jina lilipata umaarufu kwa mashabiki na aliamua kutumia jina hilo kukumbuka huo wakati. Aliongeza neno "Vina" kwenye jina lake la kisanii kutunza heshima ya kaka yake wa shuleni Adam Kasim aliyekuwa anajiita "Mavina". Adam ndiye aliyemfundisha vitu mbalimbali vinavyohusiana na uandishi wa mashairi ya [[Hip hop ya Kitanzania|hip hop]]. Mwaka [[2012]] alishiriki mashindano ya uchanaji wakati wa tamasha la uzinduzi wa [[Santuri]] 5 za [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip Hop]] chini ya TamaduniMuzik pale New Msasani Club na alikuwa miongoni mwa washindi watano (ikiwa ni pamoja na Dan General, Kinya Mistari, Bale boy na Blada Mc) waliofanikiwa kujiunga na familia ya TamaduniMuzik.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=30 days of Tanzanian hip hop: Day 11 Hip Hop Kilinge (cypher)|url=https://hiphopafrican.com/30-days-of-tanzanian-hip-hop-day-11-hip-hop-kilinge-cypher/|work=The Hip Hop African|date=2014-09-11|accessdate=2024-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=https://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2024-08-21|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Mwaka huohuo alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza uliokwenda kwa jina "Harder", ulitengenezwa na More Mocco na Laheel Paps.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina Biography, Music Career, Awards, Relationships and Net Worth Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/21110|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[2017]], alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]". Aliachia nyimbo kadhaa na kufanikiwa kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza '''JESUSta''' mwaka wa [[2018]]. Mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba [[2020]], alitoa albamu yake ya pili "[[The Verteller]]". Kando na kutoa nyimbo, Dizasta Vina amekuwa akifanya utayarishaji wa nyimbo zake, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma namna ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. == Maisha ya awali == Dizasta Vina alizaliwa na jina la Edger Vicent Mwaipeta tarehe [[17 Februari]] [[1993]] katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Mkoa wa [[Iringa (mji)|Iringa.]] Wakati huo, wazazi wake walikuwa wakiishi Mtaa wa Kota, Kata ya [[Mlandege (Iringa)|Mlandege]], [[Iringa Mjini|Iringa]]. Ni mtoto wa pili kuzaliwa katika familia yao na ni [[mwanaume]] pekee akiwa na dada zake wawili. Kiasili, Dizasta Vina anatoka [[mkoa wa Mbeya]], ambapo yeye ni [[Wanyakyusa|Mnyakyusa]]. Hata hivyo, alizaliwa [[Iringa Mjini]] na mwaka 2003, akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, familia yake ilihamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kwa sababu za kikazi. Aliendelea na masomo yake ya elimu ya msingi jijini humo. [[Picha:Dizasta Vina Kikwete.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akikabidhiwa zawadi na [[Salma Kikwete]] kama mwanafunzi bora - White Lake High School, [[2008]].|left]]Baada ya kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]] mwaka [[2003]], alijiunga na Shule ya Msingi Jeshini, iliyopo [[Ukonga]]. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, alihamishiwa Shule ya Msingi Kimanga, iliyopo [[Tabata]] [[Kimanga (Ilala)|Kimanga]], na alihitimu elimu ya msingi mwaka [[2006]]. Mwaka [[2007]], alijiunga na shule binafsi ya sekondari ya White Lake High School, Changanyikeni, [[Dar es Salaam]], na baadaye alihamishiwa shule ya Southern Highlands Secondary School, Soweto, Mbeya, ambako alihitimu masomo yake ya sekondari mwaka [[2010]]. Aliendelea na kidato cha tano katika shule ya Kigoma High School, mkoani [[Kigoma]], lakini alisoma kwa muda wa miezi minne tu kabla ya kuhamia shule ya Mbeya High School, ambako alimalizia masomo yake ya sekondari. Mwaka [[2013]], alijiunga na Chuo cha Usimamizi wa [[Fedha]] (Kiingereza: Institute of Finance Management (IFM)) kilichopo jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] na kuchukua [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada ya awali]] ya uhasibu. Kwenye umri wa mwanzo wa kujielewa (kwanzia miaka 11 na kuendelea), Dizasta aliishi [[Tabata]]. Tabata ya miaka ya [[2004]] kuja mpaka [[2010]] ulikuwa ni mji wa maisha ya chini ya mswahili. Kama inavyofahamika, maisha ya chini ya mswahili hualika uchafu. Kipindi hicho aliona wachache waliomtangulia wakifanikiwa na kuondoka mji ule na wengi wakianguka kwenye uhalifu, ulevi na matumizi ya [[madawa ya kulevya]]. Kuishi kwenye mazingira yale kulimpa nafasi ambayo wengi hawana. Nafasi ya kuona kwa mifano pande mbili za sarafu za peponi na gizani. Mazingira yale yalimpa maudhui kwenye kazi zake. Albumu yake ya [[The Verteller]] na ''A Father Figure'' ni shuhuda kutoka mazingira aliyokulia. Kwa muda mrefu, Dizasta amekuwa akiishi [[Dar es Salaam]], ingawa mara kwa mara husafiri kwenda Majengo, [[Mbeya]], nyumbani kwao asili, ambako wazazi wake wanatokea. Muziki ni sehemu ya maisha yake tangu akiwa na umri mdogo, familia yake walikuwa waimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na wengine ni wanakwaya mpaka sasa. == Kazi ya muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina_-_Hip_hop_Festival_Asili.jpg|thumb|Dizasta Vina akitumbuiza katika tamasha la [[:en:Hip-Hop_Asili_Festival|Hip Hop Asili Festival]] huko Alliance Française, [[Dar es Salaam]] — mnamo tarehe 26 Juni, 2023.]] Dizasta Vina amezaliwa katika familia inayopenda muziki na alianza kufuatilia muziki tangu akiwa na umri mdogo. Msukumo wa kuupenda muziki aliupata kutoka kwa familia yake. Mama yake alikuwa mwimbaji wa kwaya kanisani na pia kwa vipindi tofauti dada zake walijiunga na uimbaji wa kwaya. Wakati anakua, Vina alijulikana mtaani kwa kukariri nyimbo za wanamuziki mashuhuri nchini Tanzania kama vile [[Professor Jay]], [[Afande Sele]], [[Juma Nature]], na [[Solo Thang]]. Wakati fulani, watu walikuwa wakimpa pesa ili awaimbie baadhi ya nyimbo zilizotamba wakati huo. Alianza kutamani kuwa mchanaji baada ya kusikiliza albamu ya "[[Machozi Jasho na Damu]]" ya Professor Jay. Dizasta vina alianza rasmi kujishughulisha na masuala ya muziki mnamo mwaka wa [[2007]] kwa kushiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kurap ikiwa ni pamoja na [[SM Straight Music Freestyle Battle]] mwaka wa [[2010]] mkoani [[Iringa]]. Mashindano kama haya yalimjengea msingi wa kuwa mwanamuziki na kumpa hamasa ya kujifunza zaidi kuhusu misingi ya utamaduni wa hip hop. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2011]] alikutana na mtayarishaji wa muziki, [[Duke Touchez]]. Duke alimpa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kujiunga na [[Tamaduni Muzik]] ambayo kwa kipindi hicho ilikuwa inatafuta vipaji vipya. Dizasta alishiriki shindano la kuchana lililofanyika wakati wa tamasha la kuachia santuri tano kwa mpigo ("African Son" ya Stereo, "Sauti ya Jogoo" ya [[Nikki Mbishi]], "Soga za Mzawa" ya One the Incredible, "Underground Legendary" ya Duke Touchez na "Mathematrix" ya Songa na Ghetto Ambassador).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=:::::::::TAMADUNIMUZIK::::::::::: UZINDUZI WA SANTURI 5 KWA PAMOJA|url=http://tamadunimuzik.blogspot.com/2012/08/uzinduzi-wa-santuri-5-kwa-pamoja.html|date=2012-08-11|accessdate=2022-07-28|author=Tamadunimuzik}}</ref> Zaidi ya wasanii ishirini walishiriki shindano hili na Dizasta alifanikiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wasanii watano tu waliochaguliwa kujiunga rasmi na TamaduniMuzik. Alianza kupata umaarufu mnamo mwaka wa 2012, alipotoa wimbo wake wa kwanza 'Harder'.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: Zawadi nyingine kwa wapenda HipHop Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-zawadi-nyingine-kwa-wapenda-hiphop-tanzania.1419722/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka wa [[2013]], Dizasta alitoa wimbo ulioitwa "Tega sikio", kisha akatoa "Goli la ushindi", "Nyumba Ndogo" na "Sister". Dizasta alishirikishwa kwenye albamu ya "Underground Project" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki anayefahamika kwa jina la AK 47, kwenye wimbo uliokwenda kwa jina la "Heavyweight" alishirikiana na mwanamuziki wa kike, [[Tifa Flows]]. Mwaka huo huo alishirikishwa katika albamu ya "Upande wa pili wa sarafu" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki Abby Mp, kazi ya kilinge ya Duke Touchez, albamu ya "Kiutu Uzima" ya msanii Kadgo, Kandamseto ya "Slow Jams" ya mtayarishaji wa muziki - Innocent Mujwahuki, "Tamaduni Foundation" ya Ngwesa na "Representing Africa Popote" ya [[One the Incredible]]. Dizasta akiwa anaendelea na masomo ya chuo kikuu alijifunza mambo madogo madogo ya kuwa mwanamuziki wa kujitegemea. Kufikia mwaka wa [[2015]], Vina alikuwa maarufu nchini Tanzania baada ya kutoa wimbo wa ‘Kijogoo’ na ‘Siku Nikifa’. Mwaka [[2017]] alitoa kandamseto yake ya kwanza iliyokwenda kwa jina la "[[The Wonderboy Mixtape]]".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina: The Legendary Tanzanian Hip Hop Artist who is redefining the genre with his rare and unique rhymes|url=https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Frank Lachman|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327173834/https://sns.co.tz/25827-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kandamseto hii ilivuta usikivu wa wadau wengi wa muziki na alianza kuzungumziwa kupitia media mbalimbali kama mmoja wa wasanii bora wa kizazi kipya na mtunzi mahiri wa nyimbo za masimulizi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dizasta Vina anaweza akawa ndio best rapper Tanzania|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/dizasta-vina-anaweza-akawa-ndio-best-rapper-tanzania.1483766/|work=JamiiForums|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Februari 2018, Dizasta alipata mwaliko kwenye "Dakika 10 za Maangamizi" kipindi kidogo ndani ya kipindi cha Planet Bongo cha [[East Africa Radio]]. Iliripotiwa kuwa kipindi chake cha mitindo huru ni mojawapo ya kipindi bora zaidi kwenye mfululizo wa kipindi hicho.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dakika 10 Za Maangamizi- Dizasta Vina {{!}} Planet Bongo I|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS4E3bG1b30|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> ===2018: ''Jesusta''=== Desemba mwaka wa [[2018]], Dizasta Vina alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa "[[Jesusta]]". Albamu hiyo yenye nyimbo 20 imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Nikki Mbishi]], Shaolin Senetor, Bokonya, Kinya, [[Motra the Future]], [[Boshoo]] na Jeff Mduma. Albamu ilivuta hisia za wapenzi wengi wa muziki wa hip hop kote nchini na ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama: "The Lost One", "Nobody is Safe", " Kanisa"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|accessdate=2022-10-20|language=en|archive-date=2022-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020044630/https://micshariki.africa/simulizi-kamilifu-ya-wimbo-kanisa-wa-dizasta-vina/|url-status=dead}}</ref>, na "Hatia". Wimbo wa "Kikaoni" ambao aliutayarisha mwenyewe uliingia katika chati za vituo kadhaa vya redio jijini Dar es Salaam na kote Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Audiomack {{!}} Free Music Sharing and Discovery|url=https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/song/dizasta-vina-kikaoni-1|work=audiomack.com|accessdate=2022-07-28|language=en}}</ref> ===2020:''The Verteller''=== {{main|The Verteller}} "The Verteller" albamu ya pili ya Dizasta Vina ilitolewa tarehe [[27 Desemba 2020]] ilitolewa kupitia Panorama Authentik na utayarishaji wake ulishughulikiwa na Ringle Beatz (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), Cjmoker na Jcob. Dizasta alirekodi albamu hii kati ya mwaka [[2019 na 2020]]. The Verteller ina jumla ya nyimbo 20 kama mtangulizi wake na imeshirikisha wasanii wengine kutoka nchini Tanzania ikiwa ni pamoja na Tk Nendeze, Adam ShuleKongwe, Bokonya, Wakiafrika, Nasra Sayeed na Dash. Albamu ilipokelewa vyema na mashabiki na wapenzi wa muziki. Nyimbo kama "Ndoano", " The Confession of a Mad Man", "Wimbo usio bora", " Kesho" na "Muscular Feminist" zilimletea umaarufu zaidi wa kitaifa na ufuasi mkubwa wa mashabiki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=More deadly than the male: Clara Cleitus Luvanga – A story of a baller from Njombe|url=https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|date=2024-03-25|accessdate=2024-03-27|language=en-US|author=Simulizi na sauti SNS|archive-date=2024-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327172313/https://sns.co.tz/more-deadly-than-the-male-clara-cleitus-luvanga-a-story-of-a-baller-from-njombe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kutayarisha muziki == [[Picha:Dizasta_Vina.png|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Dizasta Vina akiwa katika studio za '''Panorama Authentik''' jijini Dar es Salaam, Tanzania— mnamo tarehe 17 Februari, 2018.]] Miaka ya karibuni, Dizasta amekuwa akitayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe, hii ni baada ya kuamua kukaa chini na kuanza kusoma jinsi ya kutayarisha muziki na kufanya uhandisi wa sauti. Baadhi ya nyimbo zake mashuhuri alizotayarisha mwenyewe ni pamoja na "Fallen Angel" iliyotoka tarehe [[23 Julai 2016]], "Kanisa" iliyotoka [[13 Novemba 2016]] na "The Lost One" iliyotoka Aprili [[2017]]. Uwezo wake mkubwa kama mtayarishaji ulianza kuonekana kupitia mfululizo wa nyimbo zake kama vile "Hatia", "Nobody is Safe", "Hatia II", na "Hatia III" na "Kikaoni", kibao kilicho jizolea umaarufu mkubwa kwa wapenzi wa utamaduni wa handakini kutokana na kugusa maisha ya familia na ndoa. Katika albamu ya " The Verteller" alishiriki kutayarisha wimbo wa "Tatoo Ya Asili", "A Confession of a Mad Teacher","A Confession of a Mad Son", "Ndoano", "Maabara" na "Kifo. Anakubali kuwa amepata utaalamu na mbinu nyingi zaidi za kutayarisha muziki kutokana na kufanya kazi na watayarishaji wengine wa muziki wa Kitanzania kama Duke Touchez, Ray Teknohama na Ringle Beatz. Dizasta anaamini kuwa na taaluma ya kutayarisha muziki wake mwenyewe kuna faida kubwa kwani kunafanya afikie hisia halisi za wimbo tofauti na pale anapotafuta na kujenga mahusiano ya kimuziki na mtayarishaji mwingine. == Dizasta Vina na TamaduniMuzik == Tamaduni Muzik ni jukwaa la muziki wa kujitegemea ambalo Dizasta alifanyanalo kazi kwa mafanikio makubwa. Alijiunga na TamaduniMuzik mwaka 2012 baada ya kuwa moja ya washindi watano wa mashindano ya uchanaji yaliyoandaliwa na TamaduniMuzik na kufanyika New Msasani Club. Duke Touchez mtayarishaji wa muziki na mwanzilishi wa M Lab Records, TamaduniMuzik, na Hip Hop Kilinge (Kiingereza: Hip Hop cypher) alivutiwa na uwezo na uelewa wake kuhusu utamaduni wa hip hop na alifanikisha kujiunga kwake na TamaduniMuzik. Wakati huo TamaduniMuzik ilikuwa na wasanii kama One the Incredible, Nikki Mbishi, Stereo, Zaiid, Songa, [[Nash MC]] na wengineo. Dizasta anasema kujiunga na TamaduniMuzik ilimsaidia kujifunza kuwa msanii anayejitegemea. Alijifunza hatua za kutayarisha muziki, namna ya kutayarisha midundo yake mwenyewe, kujitangaza, mbinu za kusambaza muziki na namna ya kubadilisha mashabiki kuwa wateja wa kazi zake. Kupitia TamaduniMuzik waliweza kubadilisha na kutimiza nguzo karibia zote za hip hop zinavyotaka. Maoni ya Dizasta Vina kuhusu TamaduniMuzik ni kwamba ndio wao waliobadilisha mtazamo na mwelekeo mzima wa muziki wa hip hop ya Tanzania. Kupitia wao, tuliweza kuona kutolewa kwa albamu kwa sana hata kwa wasanii wachanga, kutoa kandamseto, kurudisha maonesho ya hip hop kukusanya wasanii “Kilingeni” huko Msasani Club. Kwa kifupi TamaduniMuzik imehakikisha sanaa ya muziki wa hip hop inapata nafasi kubwa katika jamii ya Watanzania. == Migogoro == Mnamo Januari 2023 uliibuka mzozo kati ya Dizasta na msanii mwenzake Rapcha (msanii aliye chini ya nembo ya [[P. Funk|P. Funk Majani]] kwa sasa. Mzozo ulianza baada ya Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Story Nyingine" tarehe 31 Disemba 2022. Katika wimbo huo, Rapcha aliwazungumzia wasanii kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Babu Tale]], [[Young Lunya]] na Dizasta Vina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The beauty and ugliness of beefing to Bongo Flava showbiz|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beauty-and-ugliness-of-beefing-to-bongo-flava-showbiz-4093032|work=The Citizen|date=2023-01-20|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> Januari 9, 2023, Dizasta alimjibu kwa kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Best Friend". Mzozo wao uliendelea baada ya Januari 12, 2023, Rapcha kutoa wimbo unaoitwa "Nyuclear Story", wimbo ambao moja kwa moja ulimlenga Dizasta. Siku nne mbele, Januari 17, 2023, Dizasta Vina alimjibu tena Rapcha kwa kutoa wimbo wa "Tribulation", Rapcha hakuja na jibu. Mnamo Juni 2023, Rapcha alipoulizwa juu ya hali ya ugomvi wake na Dizasta, alisema wawili hao hawatapatana na hawawezi kufanya kazi pamoja, hali ambayo hadi sasa imethibitika kuwa kweli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rapcha Amjibu Dizasta Vina Kwenye Nyu'clear Freestyle Latest music news online|url=https://mdundo.com/news/42474|work=mdundo.com|accessdate=2024-04-02|language=en}}</ref> ==Diskografia== Hii ni orodha ya albamu za muziki alizotoa Dizasta Vina. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. !! Jina la albamu !! Mwaka !! Maelezo |- | 1. || [[The Wonderboy Mixtape|THE Wonderboy Mixtape]]|| 2017 || Kandamseto ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 2. || [[ Jesusta]]|| 2018|| Albamu rasmi ya kwanza kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- | 3. || [[The Verteller]] || 2021 || Albamu ya pili kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina. |- |4. |A Father Figure |2024 |Albamu ya tatu kutoka kwa Dizasta Vina - Imetoka tarehe 06 Januari, 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mafanikio ya albamu ya Dizasta haya hapa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/burudani/mafanikio-ya-albamu-ya-dizasta-haya-hapa-4883234|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-06-11|accessdate=2025-06-23|language=en}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Dizasta Vina}} *{{Official website|https://www.dizastavina.com}} *[https://x.com/dizastavina Dizasta Vina] katika Twitter *{{Instagram|dizastavina}} *[https://www.youtube.com/@dizastavina Dizasta Vina YouTube Channel] {{BD|1993}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hip Hop ya Bongo]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hip Hop wa Tanzania]] eitu5517m6vf2d2x93gjtxehp75e355 0 121926 1576312 1575978 2026-06-24T04:17:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576312 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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|'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] rihfo2xx7alpyhwrsn2spozqbp4fgcy 0 124120 1576270 1511209 2026-06-23T15:27:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr. Mekam''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Nollywood]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2018]], iliyotayarishwa na [[Oby Olebara Uzoukwu]], pamoja na [[Phil Erabie]] na kuongozwa na [[Ike Nnaebue]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/02/coming-soon-dr-mekam.html|title=COMING SOON: Dr. Mekam|last=nollywoodreinvented|date=2018-02-05|website=Nollywood REinvented|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://naijagists.com/dr-mekam-nollywood-movie-yemi-blaq-kalu-ikeagwu-seun-akindele-new-political-dramedy/|title=Dr Mekam Nollywood Movie: Yemi Blaq, Kalu Ikeagwu, Seun Akindele In New Political Dramedy|last=Gists|first=Naija|date=2018-02-11|website=NaijaGists.com - Nigerian Motivation, Ideas, Relationship Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref>. ==Ploti== Filamu hii inaelezea kisa cha [[daktari]] aitwaye ''Dr. Mekam'' anayerejea nchini [[Nigeria]] akitokea nje ya nchi alikokuwa akihudumu kama [[tabibu]] na kuamua kugombea nafasi ya [[urais]]. BaadaYe anakuja kugundua kuwa, njia alIYoamua kuifuata ili kuwa [[rais]] haikuwa rahisi hata kidogo <ref>{{Citation|title=Dr Mekam - Official Trailer (In Cinemas March 16th 2018)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwhhxR2avb8|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://friedplantains.com/film/dr-mekam|title=Dr. Mekam {{!}} Review & Trailer {{!}} Fried Plantains|website=Fried Plaintains|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14|archive-date=2019-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114215949/https://friedplantains.com/film/dr-mekam|url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Wahusika== * Uche Jombo * Kalu Ikeagwu * Seun Akindele * Yemi Blaq * Oby Olebara Uzoukwu * Gloria Anozieyoung * Chika Chukwu * Emeka Okoye * Eric Obinna * Eva Appiah ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2018]] q7ofp5sm1xvq9h5hsfnev8qu8nvsbgh 0 144208 1576259 1477698 2026-06-23T14:26:34Z Icodense 49270 Requesting speedy deletion with rationale "Cross-wiki-spam created by a globally blocked user in 2021; already deleted at e.g. [[:en:Torsten Haß]], [[:fr:Torsten Haß]] and [[:no:Torsten Haß]]. No notability established: works are self-published and distributed via library donations, lacking significant independent coverage.". (TwinkleGlobal) 1576259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Futa|1=Cross-wiki-spam created by a globally blocked user in 2021; already deleted at e.g. [[:en:Torsten Haß]], [[:fr:Torsten Haß]] and [[:no:Torsten Haß]]. No notability established: works are self-published and distributed via library donations, lacking significant independent coverage.}} '''Torsten Haß''' (anajulikana pia kwa jina bandia '''Kim Godal'''; amezaliwa [[Neumünster]], [[Ujerumani]], [[21 Novemba]] [[1970]]) ni [[Ushairi|mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]] na wa [[riwaya]], na mtunza maktaba. <ref>{{cite web |title= Maktaba ya Kitaifa ya Ujerumani |url=http://d-nb.info/gnd/1145989268 |website=Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek, Ergebnis der Suche nach: idn=1145989268 |publisher=Maktaba ya Kitaifa ya Ujerumani |access-date=2021-11-10}}</ref> Alisoma huko [[Stuttgart]]. Aliandika vitabu kadhaa kwa mfano, ''Bibliotheken für Dummies''. Kitabu kilichapishwa mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[2019]] na kuchapishwa tena kwa mara ya pili kwa sababu ya uhitaji mkubwa. Takriban vitabu 60,000 viliombwa kufikia mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2020]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Bibliotheken für Dummies als pdf-E-Book |journal=BuB |date=2020 |volume=72 |issue=11 |page=611 |url=https://b-u-b.de/wp-content/uploads/2020-11.pdf |access-date=2021-11-10 |archive-date=2021-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426174929/https://b-u-b.de/wp-content/uploads/2020-11.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kitabu hiki kimepokea hakiki kadhaa<ref name="Zeller">{{cite journal |last1=Zeller |first1=Gabriele |title=Bibliotheken für Dummies |journal=ub info (Chuo Kikuu cha Tübingen) |date=2019 |issue=11 |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=König |first1=Elena |title=Bibliotheken für Dummies |journal=Spektrum (Chuo Kikuu cha Ludwigshafen) |date=2019 |issue=11 |page=39 |url=https://www.hwg-lu.de/fileadmin/user_upload/epaper/spektrum31/ |access-date=2021-11-10 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111144946/https://www.hwg-lu.de/fileadmin/user_upload/epaper/spektrum31/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> na kinatumika katika vyuo vikuu vingi. Mifano: ''Maktaba ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tübingen]]''<ref name="Zeller" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Zeller |first=Gabriele |title=Arbeitgebermarke Bibliothek mit k(l)einem Budget |publisher=Spatz |date=2021 |pages=2 |isbn= 9798721527586}}</ref>, ''Maktaba ya Chuo Kikuu cha [[Bochum]]''<ref>{{cite book |last=Theile |first=Monika |title=Arbeitgebermarke Bibliothek mit k(l)einem Budget |publisher=Spatz |date=2021 |pages=2 |isbn= 9798721527586}}</ref>, ''Maktaba ya Chuo Kikuu cha [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Die Bibliothek einfach erklärt |url=https://www.th-bingen.de/campus/aktuelles/artikel/die-bibliothek-einfach-erklaert/ |website=TH Bingen news |publisher= Chuo Kikuu cha Bingen|access-date=2021-11-10}}</ref>. ==Kazi za kisayansi== * ''[[Maktaba|Bibliotheken]] für Dummies'' (2019); pamoja na [[Detlev-Schneider-Suderland]] * ''Arbeitgebermarke [[Maktaba|Bibliothek]] mit k(l)einem Budget : eine Einführung mit Übungen'' (2021) * ''Vahīṅ dekhiye : Festschrift für Hellmut Vogeler'' (1996); kama mhariri * ''Das Ende der Gemütlichkeit : Entwurf eines Fundraising-Konzepts für kleinere und mittlere Wissenschaftliche [[Maktaba|Bibliotheken]] '' (2021) * ''Dieses Buch ist für die Tonne : Einführung in den klassischen Zynismus (Kynismus)'' (2020); pamoja na [[Maximilian Spannbrucker]] * ''Wohnriester und Erbbau : ein aktuelles Fallbeispiel'' (2021) ==Riwaya== * ''Das Kartenhaus : ein Betrugs-Roman'' (2002<ref name="chrono">{{cite book |last1=Godal |first1=Kim |title=Morddeich |publisher=Spatz |date=2021 |pages=133–134 (Kronolojia ya vitabu) |isbn=979-8746727725}}</ref>) * ''Der König des Schreckens : ein [[Ukulu mtakatifu|Vatikan]]-Krimi'' (2013<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Männchensache : Rechtsfälle zur Vorbereitung im Geschlechterkampf – Roman'' (2009<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Morddeich : und andere Kurzprosa'' (2021) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit : ein [[Enzi ya kati|Mittelalter]]-Roman'' (2006<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit II : Aphrodites Puppen – Roman'' (2007<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit III : Metathronos – Roman'' (2008<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit IV : Agonie – Roman'' (2009<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit V : Staub – Roman'' (2010<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit VI : Terra re-mota – Roman'' (2011<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totenmelodie : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2017<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totenquintett : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2018<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totentraum : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2019<ref name="chrono" />) ==Tamthiliya== * ''En Nuit : Dramolett'' (2021) * ''Omega oder Das Hochzeitsmahl : Drama'' (2020<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Staatsschuld – In a State of Bonds : Drama'' (2003<ref name="chrono" />) ==Mashairi== * ''Das Christkind taumelt betrunken im Wald, der [[Baba Krismasi|Weihnachtsmann]] torkelt nicht minder : [[Majira ya baridi|Winter-]] und [[Krismasi|Weihnachts]]-Gedichte'' (2020) * ''Es wiehert der Gaul, es graset das Pferd. Es machte auch nichts, wär’s mal umgekehrt : [[Pendo|Liebes]]-Gedichte und andere'' (2020) ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=ha%C3%9F%2C+torsten&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&OESTERREICH=&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&SCHWEIZ=&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes Katalogi ya mkondoni KVK] ([[Ujerumani]], [[Austria]], [[Uswisi]], [[WorldCat]]) Matokeo ya utafutaji Torsten Haß * [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=godal%2C+kim&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes Katalogi ya mkondoni KVK] ([[Ujerumani]], [[Austria]], [[Uswisi]], [[WorldCat]]) Matokeo ya utafutaji Kim Godal* [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=ha%C3%9F%2C+torsten&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&OESTERREICH=&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&SCHWEIZ=&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes Torsten Haß in the Union Catalogues of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and in the WorldCat] * [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=godal%2C+kim&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes Kim Godal in the Union Catalogues of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and in the WorldCat] * [https://www.wiley-vch.de/downloads/Bibliotheken_FD.pdf Bibliotheken für Dummies, 2nd edition, ebook] {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ujerumani]] 4o5purmf24gg54aytaot5bghehnj1e6 0 149283 1576251 1497051 2026-06-23T13:04:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Themba Sonnyboy Sekowe''' (amezaliwa Novemba 15, [[1987]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama DJ Maphorisa (au tuseme Madumane), ni mtayarishaji wa rekodi wa [[Afrika Kusini]], DJ na mwimbaji. Akiwa mtayarishaji wa rekodi na mchanganyiko wa [[muziki wa nyumbani]], [[amapiano]] na [[afropop]], amefanya kazi naye na amepokea sifa za utayarishaji kutoka kwa wasanii kadhaa mashuhuri, akiwemo [[Wizkid]], [[Sizwe Alakine]], [[Kwesta]], [[Uhuru]], [[Drake]], [[Black Coffee]], [[Major Lazer]], [[Runtown]], [[C4. Pedro]], [[TRESOR]], Kabza De Small na [[Era Istrefi]]. Kwa sasa ametiwa saini na lebo yake ya rekodi ya BlaqBoy Music baada ya kuacha [[Kalawa Jazmee Records]]. Alipata umaarufu baada ya kutoa nyimbo nyingi za wasanii wa aina nyingi za muziki, kama vile Uhuru ("Y-Tjukuta"), [[Kwesta]] [[("Ngud'")]], [[Busiswa]] ("Lahla"), [[DJ Zinhle]] ("My name Is" ), Profesa ("Yezebeli") na Shekinah [[("Anayefaa")]]. == Kazi == Mnamo Septemba 2018, alitoa wimbo mmoja "Midnight Starring" akiwashirikisha [[Moonchild Sanelly]], [[DJ Tira]] na [[Busiswa]]. Katika Tuzo za DStv Mzansi Viewers Choice 2018 alipata uteuzi mara mbili: Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka na DJ Anayependwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hizi ndizo WATEULIWA wa Tuzo za Chaguo la Watazamaji wa DStv Mzansi 2018 {{!}} YOMZANSI|url=https://www.yomzansi.com/2018/08/14/nominees-2018-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards/|date=14 Agosti 2018|work=YoMzansi|accessdate=2022-04-28|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173103/https://www.yomzansi.com/2018/08/14/nominees-2018-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DStv Mzansi Chaguo la Watazamaji Wateuliwa wametangazwa|url=https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on /news/makala/dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-wateuliwa-waliotangazwa/|tarehe=14 Agosti 2018|work=DStv|accessdate=2022-04-28|archivedate=2020-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101022421/https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on/}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 27, 2018, katika hafla ya tatu wa Tuzo za Mzansi Kwaito na House Music Awards wimbo wake "Midnight Starring" ulishinda tuzo ya wimbo uliopigiwa kura nyingi zaidi. ===2019-sasa: ''Rumble in the Jungle'', ''Banyana'' EP === Mnamo Aprili 9, 2021, Maphorisa, [[Tresor (mwimbaji)|TRESOR]] na Kabza De Small walitoa albamu ya studio ya ushirikiano ''[[Rumble in the Jungle (albamu ya DJ Maphorisa, Kabza De Small na Tresor)|Rumble in the Jungle Jungle]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabza De Small na DJ Maphorisa watangaza mradi wa pamoja, 'Rumble in the Jungle', na Tresor|url=https://thenativemag.com/kabza-de- small-dj-maphorisa-tresor-rumble-jungle/|work=The Native Magazine|date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scorpion Kings na Tresor wanatangaza albamu ya ushirikiano 'Rumble in the Jungle' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/entertainment/music/local/scorpion-kings-and-tresor-announce-collab-album-rumble-in-the-jungle-b13728d3- c2ca-48cb-99e8-6f4692f37a98|first=Burudani |last=Writer|tarehe=Desemba 11, 2020|work=Independent Online}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili 16, 2021, studio ya Maphorisa na Tyler ICU [[Extended Play|EP]] ''Banyana'' ilitolewa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tyler ICU na DJ Maphorisa walitoa EP pamoja, Banyana {{! }} JustNje|url=https://justnje.com/tyler-icu-and-dj-maphorisa-release-joint-ep-banyana/|work=JustNje|date=16 Aprili 2021|accessdate=2022-04-28|archivedate=2022-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526231351/https://justnje.com/tyler-icu-and-dj-maphorisa-release-joint-ep-banyana/}}</ref> EP iliwashirikisha Sir Trill, Daliwonga na Kabza De Small, [[Mpura]], na Visca. Wimbo huu "Banyana" ulipita mitiririko milioni 4.2 na iliidhinishwa kuwa platinamu maradufu na tasnia ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|title='Banyana' ya DJ Maphorisa na Tyler ICU 'Banyana' imeenda mara mbili platinum {{!}} Fakaza Habari |url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/07/06/dj-maphorisa-tyler-icus-banyana-has-gone-double-platinum/|tarehe=Julai 6, 2021|work=Fakaza News|mwisho =Adejoy}}</ref> Mnamo 2021, alianza Made in Lagos Tour kwa tukio la ufunguzi na [[Wizkid]]. Katika 2021 [[6th Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards|Music Kwaito and House Music Awards]] alipokea uteuzi wa DJ Bora.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine /mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|title=Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards 2021: All nominees|first= Ano |last=Shumba|date=18 June 2021 |work=Music Barani Afrika}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 17 Septemba 2021, alitoa wimbo "[[Abalele]]" akiwa na Kabza De Small akimshirikisha [[Ami Faku]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2021, alitayarisha nyimbo za mwimbaji mzaliwa wa Kongo [[Tresor (mwimbaji)|TRESOR]], "Makosa" na "Nyota" kutoka kwa albamu, ''[[Motion (Albamu ya Tresor)|Motion]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/2021/10/01/tresor-features-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-others-on-motion-album/|title= TRESOR amewashirikisha Kabza De Small, DJ Maphorisa, wengine kwenye albamu ya MOTION|work=museafrica.com|accessdate=15 Oktoba 2021}}</ref> == Ziara == === Co-headlineing === * Imetengenezwa Lagos Tour (2021) (pamoja na [[Wizkid]]) * AmaFest (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=DJ Maphorisa, Kabza, Cassper, DBN Gogo, Focalistic wanapeleka Amapiano Uingereza {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021 /08/05/dj-maphorisa-kabza-cassper-dbn-gogo-focalistic-are-tang-amapiano-to-uk/|work=Fakaza News|date=4 August 2021|last=Adejoy }}</ref> === Co-headlineing === * Imetengenezwa Lagos Tour (2021) (pamoja na [[Wizkid]]) * AmaFest (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=DJ Maphorisa, Kabza, Cassper, DBN Gogo, Focalistic wanapeleka Amapiano Uingereza {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021 /08/05/dj-maphorisa-kabza-cassper-dbn-gogo-focalistic-are-tang-amapiano-to-uk/|work=Fakaza News|date=4 August 2021|last=Adejoy }}</ref> ==Diskografia== '''Albamu Shirikishi na EP''' * ''Baba Yetu'' {{small|(pamoja na [[Uhuru (band)|Uhuru]])}} (2013) * ''Muziki wa Blaqboy Wawasilisha Gqom Wave'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/776LyAPvIOs3R7PU88OdTD?si=e_JErfotRD2HIOds7v2VUw |title=Blaqboy Music Presents Gqom Wave|website=Spotify|accessdate=30 Septemba 2021}}</ref> * ''Scorpion Kings EP'' {{small|(with Kabza De Small)}} (2019) * ''The Return of Scorpion Kings'' {{small|(with Kabza De Small)}} (2019) * ''Scorpion King Live At Sun Arena'' {{small|(with Kabza De Small)}} (2020) * ''Hapo Mara Moja Katika Kufungiwa'' {{ndogo|(na Kabza De Small)}} (2020) * ''Madumane EP'' (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iminathi.net/dj-maphorisa-madumane-ep/|title=DJ Maphorisa Madumane EP|website=iminathi|accessdate=11 Aprili 2020}}</ref> * ''[[The Rumble in the Jungle (albamu ya DJ Maphorisa, Kabza De Small na Tresor)|Rumble In The Jungle]]'' {{small|(pamoja na Kabza De Small & [[Tresor (mwimbaji)|TRESOR]] }}) (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://justnje.com/tresor-kabza-de-small-and-dj-maphorisa-release-rumble-in-the-jungle/|title=Tressor, Kabza De Small na DJ Maphorisa watoa wimbo wa Rumble In The Jungle|work=Just Nje|accessdate=11 Aprili 2021|archivedate=2022-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527225420/https://justnje.com/tresor-kabza-de-small-and-dj-maphorisa-release-rumble-in-the-jungle/}}</ref> * ''Banyana EP'' {{small|(with Tyler ICU}}) (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live|title=Haya ndiyo maoni ya mitaa kuhusu EP ya DJ Maphorisa na Tyler ICU ya 'Banyana'|work=Times Live|accessdate=21 Mei 2021|archive-date=2022-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428024925/https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Wapenzi === *[[Runtown]] #[[The Banger]] #"Omalicha Nwa" *[[Kwesta]] #[[Ngud']] #"Mayibaba" #"Afro Trap" *[[whysl]] #"Genge" #"Mtego" *[[Mafikizolo]] #[[khona]] #Kucheza #Sehemu ya Upendo *[[Busiswa]] #[[Bazoyenza]] #[[Mchezaji Nyota wa Usiku wa manane]] *[[mwenyewe]] #Soweto Baby akiwashirikisha [[Wizkid]] na DJ Buckz ===Single zinazozalishwa=== {{Orodha ambayo haijakamilika|tarehe=Machi 2018}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single kama aidha mtayarishaji au mtayarishaji-wenza, na nafasi zilizochaguliwa za chati na uthibitishaji, zinazoonyesha mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;" | Kichwa ! upeo="col" rowspan="2" | Mwaka ! colspan="8" scope="col" | Nafasi za chati za kilele ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| [[Orodha ya vyeti vya kurekodi muziki|Vyeti]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati za ARIA|AUS]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati ya Wasio na Wapenzi wa Ireland|IRL]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati Rasmi ya Muziki ya New Zealand|NZ]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Entertainment Monitoring Africa|SA]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati ya Watu Wasio na Wapenzi wa Uingereza|Uingereza]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Nyimbo Moto za R&B/Hip-Hop|US<br />R&B<br />/HH]]<br /> |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[Ngud|Ngud']]"<br />{{small|([[Kwesta]])}} | safu mlalo="1" | 2016 |— |— |— |— |1 |— |— |— | * [[Sekta ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini|RiSA]]: 5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://sa-ema.com/local-chart/?week=2016-02-09|access- date=9 Julai 2016|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2022-04-28|archive-date=2024-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825075859/http://sa-ema.com/local-chart/?week=2016-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> |''[[DaKAR II]]'' |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[One Dance]]"<br />{{small|([[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] akiwashirikisha [[Wizkid (mwanamuziki)|Wizkid]] na [[Kyla Reid|Kyla]])}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/one-dance-mw0002937655/credits|title=One Dance - Drake &#124; Mikopo &#124; AllMusic|via=www.allmusic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://genius.com/a/meet-dj-maphorisa-producer-wa-south-african-co-producer -of-drakes-one-dance|title=Kutana na DJ Maphorisa, mtayarishaji mwenza wa Drake kutoka Afrika Kusini "One Dance"|website=Genius}}</ref> | safu mlalo="1" | 2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |1|| 1 | 1 | 1 | * ARIA: Dhahabu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/charts/singles-chart|title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |date=22 Agosti 2016|access-date=20 Agosti 2016}}</ref> * BPI: Platinamu * RMNZ: Platinamu |''[[Maoni (albamu)|Maoni]]'' |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[Inafaa]]"<br />{{ndogo|([[Shekhinah (mwimbaji)|Shekhinah]])}} | safu mlalo="1" | 2017 | - || - || - || - |1|| - || - || - | *[[Sekta ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini|RiSA]]: Diamond<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhlamini |first1=Thobekani |title=Shekhinah's Inafaa kwa platinamu 10, hadhi ya almasi |url=https://www.msn .com/en-za/entertainment/local/shekhinahs-suited-gets-diamond-certification/ar-AAvKrTu |website=MSN |publisher=ZAlebs |access-date=11 Septemba 2018 |accessdate=2022-05-09 |archivedate=2017-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074739/http://msn/ }}</ref> |''[[Rose Gold (albamu)|Rose Gold]]'' |- ! scope="row"|"Midnight Starring" (akiwa na [[DJ Tira]], [[Busiswa]] & [[Moonchild Sanelly]])<ref>{{cite web|title= Midnight Starring (akiwa na DJ Tira, Busiswa & Moonchild) - Single by DJ Maphorisa on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/midnight-starring-feat-dj-tira-busiswa-moonchild-single/1275540403|publisher=Apple Muziki|tarehe-ya-kufikia=2017-09-15}}</ref> |2017 |— || - || - || -|| - || - || — ||— | | {{zisizo za albamu moja}} |- | colspan="12" style="font-size:90%" | "—" inaashiria rekodi ambayo haikuorodheshwa au haikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} ===Single zinazozalishwa=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single kama aidha mtayarishaji au mtayarishaji-wenza, na nafasi zilizochaguliwa za chati na uthibitishaji, zinazoonyesha mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;" | Kichwa ! upeo="col" rowspan="2" | Mwaka ! colspan="8" scope="col" | Nafasi za chati za kilele ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| [[Orodha ya vyeti vya kurekodi muziki|Vyeti]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati za ARIA|AUS]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati ya Wasio na Wapenzi wa Ireland|IRL]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati Rasmi ya Muziki ya New Zealand|NZ]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Entertainment Monitoring Africa|SA]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Chati ya Watu Wasio na Wapenzi wa Uingereza|Uingereza]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Nyimbo Moto za R&B/Hip-Hop|US<br />R&B<br />/HH]]<br /> |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[Ngud|Ngud']]"<br />{{small|([[Kwesta]])}} | safu mlalo="1" | 2016 |— |— |— |— |1 |— |— |— | * [[Sekta ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini|RiSA]]: 5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://sa-ema.com/local-chart/?week=2016-02-09|access- date=9 Julai 2016|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2022-04-28|archive-date=2024-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825075859/http://sa-ema.com/local-chart/?week=2016-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> |''[[DaKAR II]]'' |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[One Dance]]"<br />{{small|([[Drake (rapper)|Drake]] akiwashirikisha [[Wizkid (mwanamuziki)|Wizkid]] na [[Kyla Reid|Kyla]])}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/one-dance-mw0002937655/credits|title=One Dance - Drake &#124; Mikopo &#124; AllMusic|via=www.allmusic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://genius.com/a/meet-dj-maphorisa-producer-wa-south-african-co-producer -of-drakes-one-dance|title=Kutana na DJ Maphorisa, mtayarishaji mwenza wa Drake kutoka Afrika Kusini "One Dance"|website=Genius}}</ref> | safu mlalo="1" | 2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |1|| 1 | 1 | 1 | * ARIA: Dhahabu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/charts/singles-chart|title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |date=22 Agosti 2016|access-date=20 Agosti 2016}}</ref> * BPI: Platinamu * RMNZ: Platinamu |''[[Maoni (albamu)|Maoni]]'' |- ! upeo="safu" | "[[Inafaa]]"<br />{{ndogo|([[Shekhinah (mwimbaji)|Shekhinah]])}} | safu mlalo="1" | 2017 | - || - || - || - |1|| - || - || - | *[[Sekta ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini|RiSA]]: Diamond<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhlamini |first1=Thobekani |title=Shekhinah's Inafaa kwa platinamu 10, hadhi ya almasi |url=https://www.msn .com/en-za/entertainment/local/shekhinahs-suited-gets-diamond-certification/ar-AAvKrTu |website=MSN |publisher=ZAlebs |access-date=11 Septemba 2018 |accessdate=2022-05-09 |archivedate=2017-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025074739/http://msn/ }}</ref> |''[[Rose Gold (albamu)|Rose Gold]]'' |- ! scope="row"|"Midnight Starring" (akiwa na [[DJ Tira]], [[Busiswa]] & [[Moonchild Sanelly]])<ref>{{cite web|title= Midnight Starring (akiwa na DJ Tira, Busiswa & Moonchild) - Single by DJ Maphorisa on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/midnight-starring-feat-dj-tira-busiswa-moonchild-single/1275540403|publisher=Apple Muziki|tarehe-ya-kufikia=2017-09-15}}</ref> |2017 |— || - || - || -|| - || - || — ||— | | {{zisizo za albamu moja}} |- | colspan="12" style="font-size:90%" | "—" inaashiria rekodi ambayo haikuorodheshwa au haikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} ==Tuzo na uteuzi== ===Tuzo za Jarida la Muzik la Kiafrika=== {| class="wikitable" ! {{Abblv|Rejea.|Marejeleo}} |- |2020 | <div style="text-align: center;"> Mwenyewe </div> |Mtayarishaji wa Muziki wa |{{nom}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=African Muzik Magazine Awards 2020: Washindi wote {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/african-muzik-magazine-awards -2020-washindi-wote| mchapishaji = Muziki Katika Afrika| first=Gabriel Myers|mwisho= Hansen|tarehe=2020-11-16| tarehe ya kufikia =2021-11-20}}</ref> {{mwisho}} === Tuzo za Chaguo la Watazamaji wa Dstv Mzansi === {| class="wikitable" |- |rowspan="2"|2018 | <div style="text-align: center;">"Mchezaji Nyota wa Usiku wa manane"</div> | Wimbo Unaopendwa wa Mwaka | {{nom}} |- | <div style="text-align: center;">Yeye Mwenyewe </div> | DJ mpendwa | {{nom}} |- |2022 | <div style="text-align: center;"> Scorpion Kings </div> | DJ Mpendwa | {{inasubiri}} {{mwisho}} ===Tuzo za Kibinadamu za Kiafrika=== {| class="wikitable" |- |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"|<div style="text-align: center;">Yeye Mwenyewe</div> |Mtayarishaji Bora wa Muziki wa Mwaka<ref name="HAPA">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/dj-maphorisa-nominated-hapa/|title=DJ Maphorisa ameteuliwa kwa HAPA |tarehe=23 Oktoba 2017}}</ref> |{{nom}} |- |DJ bora Afrika<ref name="HAPA" /> |{{aliyeteuliwa}} {{mwisho}} ===Tuzo za Muziki za MTV Africa=== {| class="wikitable" |- |2016 |<div style="text-align: center;">Yeye Mwenyewe </div> |Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-nominees-mtvmama2016/|title=Hii ndio Orodha Kamili ya Waliochaguliwa kwenye Tuzo za Muziki za MTV Afrika za 2016 jijini Johannesburg|website=okayafricasite|date=22 Oktoba 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/116038/the -2016-mtv-africa-music-awards-to-rock-johannesburg-in-october|title=Tuzo za MTV Africa Music Awards 2016 zitatikisa Johannesburg mwezi Oktoba|website=Sasisho la Vyombo vya Habari}}</ref> |{{nom}} |- |2020 | | Mwigizaji Bora wa Kiafrika<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/kabza-de-small/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-nominated|title=DJ Maphorisa & Kabza De Small Nominated|website=ZAlebs|accessdate=2022-04-28|archivedate=2022-07-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707171056/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/kabza-de-small/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-nominated}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.yomzansi.com/2020/10/06/master-kg-kabza-de-small -dj-maphorisa-2020-mtv-ema/|title=Master KG, Kabza De Small & DJ Maphorisa walioteuliwa kwa 2020 MTV EMA &#124; YOMZANSI|date=6 Oktoba 2020|website=www.yomzansi.com}}</ref> |{{nom}} {{mwisho}} === Tuzo za Mzansi Kwaito na House Music Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- |2018 | <div style="text-align: center;">"Mchezaji Nyota wa Usiku wa manane"</div> | Wimbo uliopigwa Kura Zaidi | {{alishinda}} |- |rowspan="3"|[[6th Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards|2021]] |rowspan="3"|<div style="text-align: center;">Yeye Mwenyewe </div> |Mtayarishaji bora |{{inasubiri}} |- |rowspan="3"|Nyimbo bora zaidi za AmaPiano |{{inasubiri}} |- |{{inasubiri}} {{mwisho}} === Tuzo za Muziki za SA Amapiano === {| class="wikitable" |- |2021 |<div style="text-align: center;">Yeye mwenyewe </div> |Dj/Act bora wa kiume |{{nominated}}<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-10-24|title=#SAAmaPianoAwards 2021: Tazama Orodha Kamili ya Washindi|url=https://zatunes.co.za/2021/saamapianoawards- 2021-tazama-orodha-kamili-ya-washindi|access-date=2021-11-15|website=ZAtunes|language=en-US}}</ref> {{mwisho}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Viungo vya nje== *{{Discogs artist|4550577-Themba-Sekowe|DJ Maphorisa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maphorisa, DJ}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] 9sy45tt4rx7ihmb5xnzaz5b5eei7xlt 0 181374 1576291 1516488 2026-06-23T20:48:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karen Hultzer''' (alizaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 1965 huko [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kusini]]) ni mshabiki wa upinde wa mvua wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alishindana katika tukio la mtu binafsi katika Michezo ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012. Wakati wa tukio hilo, alijitokeza kuwa shoga.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Karen Hultzer Bio, Stats, and Results {{!}} Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/hu/karen-hultzer-1.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-04-18|accessdate=2024-05-02|archive-date=2020-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418092259/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/hu/karen-hultzer-1.html|dead-url=}}</ref> <ref>http://www.london2012.com/athlete/hultzer-karen-1062948/ archive.today</ref>Alisema, "Mimi ni mshabiki wa upinde wa mvua, mzee kiasi na shoga. Pia mimi huwa mkali kabla ya kunywa kikombe changu cha kwanza cha [[kahawa]]. Hakuna mojawapo ya vipengele hivi vinavyonitambulisha ni mimi, viko tu sehemu yangu. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kznaq1zwhsn0m82c8eoewqnc9uha7rx 0 182818 1576263 1528718 2026-06-23T14:59:43Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Vanderson]] hadi [[Vanderson (mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu)]]: Match the original name 1528718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanderson de Oliveira Campos ''' (alizaliwa [[21 Juni]] [[2001]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Brazil|Brazili]], ambaye anacheza kama [[beki]] wa kulia katika klabu ya [[Monaco]] na [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Brazil|Brazili]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Monaco : Vanderson, c'est fait ! (officiel)|url=https://news.maxifoot.fr/monaco/vanderson-c-est-fait-officiel-foot-360696.htm|work=news.maxifoot.fr|accessdate=2024-06-16|language=fr|author=Youcef Touaitia}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] o1h3bd8rql3ksw3tymctbm8iy5p4i3e 3 185897 1576262 1351225 2026-06-23T14:56:17Z ~2026-36426-62 90471 /* */ Marketing manager specialist at Kilimanjaro flavours limited Tanzania. He is the best manager in trading internationally based in import and export of goods and services produced in Tanzania 1576262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji: Egnus selestine|Egnus Selestine]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji: Egnus selestine|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 15 Septemba 2024 (UTC) rm2syvtqjqq4yx2xzlmhy7zepjzqa9a 0 187804 1576249 1415319 2026-06-23T12:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chuo cha Elimu ya Biashara (CBE)''' ni taasisi ya [[elimu ya juu]] nchini [[Tanzania]] iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1965, kimesajiliwa na kuthibitishwa na Baraza la Taifa la Elimu ya Ufundi (NACTE)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nacte.go.tz/index.php/registration/registered-institutions/institute/15000902010501/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-10-12 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301230622/https://www.nacte.go.tz/index.php/registration/registered-institutions/institute/15000902010501/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kutoa programu za Cheti, Stashahada, na Shahada katika nyanja mbalimbali za masomo. == Idara za Masomo == Chuo cha Elimu ya Biashara kina idara sita za kitaaluma tangu mwaka 2019: * Uhasibu   * Utawala wa Biashara   * TEHAMA na Hisabati <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbe.ac.tz/index.php/cbe-academic-departments/ict-and-mathematics |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-10-12 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929065429/https://cbe.ac.tz/index.php/cbe-academic-departments/ict-and-mathematics |url-status=dead }}</ref>  * Masoko   * Sayansi ya Vipimo na Uidhinishaji wa Viwango   * Ununuzi na Usimamizi wa Ugavi '''Programu zinazotolewa Programu za Uzamili na Uzamili zinazotolewa katika CBE kama ya 2019'''<ref name=":0" />''' '''Programu za shahada ya kwanza''' Kozi za cheti cha ufundi (NTA kiwango cha 4–5) * Cheti cha Ufundi katika Uhasibu Cheti cha Ufundi katika Utawala wa Biashara * Cheti cha Ufundi katika Usimamizi wa Uuzaji * Cheti cha Ufundi katika Usimamizi wa Ununuzi na Ugavi * Cheti cha Ufundi katika Metrology na Usanifu * Cheti cha Ufundi katika Teknolojia ya Habari Kozi za diploma za kawaida (NTA kiwango cha 6) * Diploma ya Kawaida ya Uhasibu * Diploma ya Kawaida katika Utawala wa Biashara * Diploma ya Kawaida ya Masoko * Diploma ya Kawaida katika Usimamizi wa Ununuzi na Ugavi * Diploma ya Kawaida ya Metrolojia na Usanifu * Diploma ya Kawaida ya Teknolojia ya Habari kozi za shahada ya kwanza (miaka mitatu) (NTA kiwango cha 7–8)[3] * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Uhasibu (BACC) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Utawala wa Biashara (BBA) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Masoko (BMK) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Usimamizi wa Ununuzi na Ugavi (BPS) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Metrology na Kusimamia (BMET) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Mafunzo ya Biashara na Elimu (BBSE) * Shahada ya Kwanza katika Teknolojia ya Habari (BIT) '''Programu za Uzamili''' Kozi za diploma ya Uzamili * Diploma ya Uzamili katika Usimamizi wa Miradi (PGDPM) * Diploma ya Uzamili katika Utawala wa Biashara (PGDBA) * Diploma ya Uzamili katika Usimamizi wa Fedha (PGDFM) Kozi za Masters * Shahada za Uzamili za Teknolojia ya Habari katika Usimamizi wa Mradi (Usimamizi wa Mradi wa IT) * Shahada ya Uzamili ya Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano kwa Maendeleo (ICT4D) * Masters of Supply Chain Management (MSCM) * Masters of International Business Management (MIBM) * Uzamili wa Utawala wa Biashara katika Fedha na Benki * Masters of Business Administration in Human Resource Management * Masters of Business Administration in Marketing Management ==Nafasi== Mnamo 2018, Nafasi ya Webometrics [4] iliiweka CBE kwenye safu ya 21 katika [[Chuo Kikuu|Vyuo Vikuu]] na Vyuo bora zaidi nchini Tanzania. Mnamo 2019, CBE iliorodheshwa ya 15[5] katika Vyuo Vikuu na Vyuo bora zaidi nchini Tanzania na pia iliorodheshwa ya 2 katika Vyuo bora nchini Tanzania baada ya Taasisi ya Kiafrika ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya [[Nelson Mandela]] (NM-AIST). == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Elimu ya Tanzania]] jn8epzwdcvxh8xoik9de7skg9w44np5 0 188488 1576257 1371059 2026-06-23T14:06:56Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth moved page [[Decimo Bettini]] to [[Décimo Bettini]] over redirect: Misspelled title 1371059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Decimo Bettini''' ([[30 Desemba]] [[1910]] – [[19 Septemba]] [[1982]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa baiskeli wa [[Italia]] na [[Ufaransa]]. Aliendesha katika [[Tour de France]] ya mwaka [[1933]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=2019 |title=Décimo Bettini |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=19 October 2020 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415071326/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/voorloopfiche.php?wedstrijdvoorloopid=4643#second |title=Tour de France 1933 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=19 October 2020 |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023142202/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/voorloopfiche.php?wedstrijdvoorloopid=4643#second |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=MdC1933>{{cite web|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1933.php|title= "27ème Tour de France 1933|work=Memoire du cyclisme|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124082713/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1933.php|archivedate=24 January 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo wa Ufaransa]] epvtry7hu8rf5etl7oqxg0qc9yb5942 2 191247 1576281 1566983 2026-06-23T19:08:21Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1576281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "mlango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na ambaye kudai kuwa yeye ndiye huyo kulifanywa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Madhabahu ya Báb, iliyoko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika madhabahu iliyojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandishi ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandishi makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandishi ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa awali wa Báb, na baadaye mnamo Agosti 1852, alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio lisilofanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na hadi Oktoba mamia zaidi na hadi mwisho wa Desemba maelfu waliripotiwa katika magazeti.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa gerezani Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye na balozi wa Urusi, baada ya hapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho huko Baghdad.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} Mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad katika Milki ya Ottoman.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo maafisa wa Irani wakaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuitwa kwake kwenda Konstantinopoli (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirisho wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la chini ya ardhi la Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinopoli kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Baada ya maafisa wa Ottoman kupokea nyaraka za adhabu kutoka kwa Bahá'u'lláh, walimgeukia na kumweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani huko Adrianopoli (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wazalí waliokuwa wamefungwa mjini humo (wafuasi wa Mírzá Yaḥyá) pia walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Katika eneo la [[Israeli]] ya sasa, katika koloni ya adhabu ya Ottoman ya ʻAkká au karibu nayo, Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo ni asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianopoli, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizoziandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia wa dunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8135-2836-4|location=Atlanta, GA|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu|title=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani: Ukuaji wa Harakati ya Kidini|last=McMullen|first=Mike|date=2015|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse|title=New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions|last=Momen|first=Moojan|publisher=Lion Hudson Plc|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=Christopher H.|edition=3rd|place=Oxford, UK|contribution=Imani ya Baháʼí|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Momen|first=Wendi|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=371–383|chapter=Sura ya 31: Ndoa na maisha ya kifamilia|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-36|s2cid=244697438}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. Lewis|series=Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence|location=Cambridge, UK|doi=10.1017/9781108613446|oclc=1173507653|editor2=Margo Kitts|s2cid=225389995}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=557–568|chapter=Sura ya 45: Amerika ya Kusini na Karibiani|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=569–580|chapter=Sura ya 46: Amerika ya Kaskazini|url=http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125|title=The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92|last=Taherzadeh|first=Adib|publisher=George Ronald|year=1987|isbn=0-85398-270-8|location=Oxford, UK|page=125|title=Wabahá'i wa Iran: Tafiti za kijamii-kihistoria|last=Tavakoli-Targhi|first=Mohamad|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-00280-3|editor-last1=Brookshaw|editor-first1=Dominic P.|location=New York|chapter=Upinzani dhidi ya Baháʼí na Uislamisti nchini Iran|editor2-last=Fazel|editor2-first=Seena B.}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse|title=Haki za binadamu za kidini katika mtazamo wa kimataifa: mitazamo ya kidini|last=Van der Vyer|first=J.D.|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=1996|isbn=90-411-0176-4|page=449|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Baháʼí|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2001|publisher=Signature Books|editor-last=Introvigne|series=Studies in Contemporary Religions|location=US|title=Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2006|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-0746-1|location=Leiden|oclc=234309958|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Yazdani|first=Mina|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=88–104|chapter=Sura ya 7: Maandishi na Matamshi ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-9|s2cid=244689327}} {{refend}} === Hazina ya Maarifa ya Ulimwengu === {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *'''Iranica''' **{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Waandishi Wengi|title=Bahaism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=15 December 1988|volume=III|issue=4–5|pages=438–475|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index|access-date=11 January 2021|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahaism|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM i. The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter B.|date=2006|title=Baháʼí|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|isbn=978-0-415-26707-6|pages=56}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|year=2005|contribution=Bahā'īs|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Lindsay|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion|edition=2nd|publisher=Macmillan Reference US|volume=2|place=Detroit, MI|isbn=0-02-865733-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737 737–740]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994a|title=Turkmenistan|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|url=https://www.momen.org/relstud/turkmnst.htm|access-date=Jul 28, 2022}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994b|title=Iran: Historia ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|publisher=Baháʼí Library 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kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] j95mcna4brfnh2qh0asky8papwf8can 0 194902 1576255 1374842 2026-06-23T13:53:03Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Sota Kitano]] hadi [[Sōta Kitano]]: Match original name 1374842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sota Kitano''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] nchini [[Japani]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo wa kushambulia kwa kilabu cha J1 Ligi Cerezo Osaka.<ref>[https://www.transfermarkt.com/sota-kitano/profil/spieler/671114 Sota Kitano Transfermarkt profile]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Japani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lljyx9vmvk6xlq1mvxxfeggxfsznean 0 204973 1576253 1525040 2026-06-23T13:32:08Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Samia]] hadi [[Samia (Mwanamuziki)]]: Match the original english article titles to avoid double translation 1525040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samia Najimy Finnerty''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[12 Desemba]], [[1996]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na mchezaji muziki kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/samia-on-the-rise-no-one-puts-baby-in-the-corner|title = New York songwriter Samia Finnerty proves that no one puts baby in the corner|website=Thelineofbestfit.com}}</ref><ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web |last1=Bardhan |first1=Ashley |title=Samia: The Baby |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/samia-the-baby/ |publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |accessdate=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://issuu.com/yorkprep/docs/york-prep-winter-2014-newsletter/20 | title =York Prep Winter 2014 Newsletter, page 20 | date =13 August 2014 | website =Issuu | access-date =3 December 2021 | archive-date =2024-11-30 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20241130213117/https://issuu.com/yorkprep/docs/york-prep-winter-2014-newsletter/20 | url-status =dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] rkkil1r920tf861ai3r3lbe08culkld 4 208508 1576265 1576243 2026-06-23T15:00:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1576265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 672 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 734 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2804 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1335 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1036 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 527 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 770 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 559 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 438 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1598 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18591 || ↑ +7.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 108.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1598 || ↑ +1530.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1316 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 559 || ↑ +56.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 527 || ↓ -6.7% |- | 6 || [[Uturuki]] || 484 || ↑ +16.3% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 478 || ↓ -0.2% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 471 || ↓ -58.0% |- | 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 443 || ↓ -40.2% |- | 10 || [[Israeli]] || 432 || ↑ +27.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 645 || 44.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 9sqfbbqklqeez92hklpb6p1z0cjultj 1576268 1576265 2026-06-23T15:15:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1576268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 672 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 734 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2804 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1335 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1036 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 527 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 770 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 559 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 438 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1598 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28101 || ↑ +2.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 163.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2730 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1598 || ↑ +1530.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1316 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 656 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 559 || ↑ +56.6% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 527 || ↓ -6.7% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 484 || ↑ +16.3% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 478 || ↓ -0.2% |- | 10 || [[Irani]] || 471 || ↓ -58.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} sduf6q32i5savs5o4uekktp5osq0utl 1576287 1576268 2026-06-23T20:13:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1576287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 656 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 705 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2730 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1316 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1014 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 527 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 770 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 559 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1598 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28101 || ↑ +2.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 163.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2730 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1598 || ↑ +1530.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1316 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 656 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 559 || ↑ +56.6% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 527 || ↓ -6.7% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 484 || ↑ +16.3% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 478 || ↓ -0.2% |- | 10 || [[Irani]] || 471 || ↓ -58.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 57jn1std75uqudtun0ypobqnp0pp2tc 1576289 1576287 2026-06-23T20:15:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1576289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-23) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-23)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 656 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 705 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2730 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1316 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1014 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 527 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 770 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 559 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 424 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 386 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 324 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1598 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30999 || ↑ +2.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 180.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2730 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1598 || ↑ +1530.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1316 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 770 || ↑ +59.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 656 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 559 || ↑ +56.6% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 527 || ↓ -6.7% |- | 9 || [[Uturuki]] || 484 || ↑ +16.3% |- | 10 || [[Burundi]] || 478 || ↓ -0.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} kz2ffec36iut0f5b0jw5mkl9gk732on 1576309 1576289 2026-06-24T03:59:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1576309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-24) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-24)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 647 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2702 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1306 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1013 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 532 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 786 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 467 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 582 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 382 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1636 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30999 || ↑ +2.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 180.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2730 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1598 || ↑ +1530.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1316 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 770 || ↑ +59.1% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 656 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 559 || ↑ +56.6% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 527 || ↓ -6.7% |- | 9 || [[Uturuki]] || 484 || ↑ +16.3% |- | 10 || [[Burundi]] || 478 || ↓ -0.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} hcokgvaei5aeqotz91n2ufo9wqycghq 1576311 1576309 2026-06-24T04:08:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1576311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-24) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-24)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 647 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2702 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1306 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1013 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 532 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 786 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 467 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 582 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 382 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1636 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30458 || ↑ +4.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 177.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2702 || ↓ -9.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1636 || ↑ +1569.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1306 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 786 || ↑ +59.8% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↑ +1.3% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 647 || ↓ -3.9% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 582 || ↑ +66.3% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 540 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 532 || ↓ -5.8% |- | 10 || [[Uturuki]] || 479 || ↑ +14.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 9pdbznaxnexk5cp5qejg3dmy4tir2su 1576333 1576311 2026-06-24T09:40:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1576333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-24) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-24)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 647 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2702 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1306 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1013 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 532 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 786 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 467 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 582 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 382 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1636 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30458 || ↑ +4.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 177.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2702 || ↓ -9.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1636 || ↑ +1569.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1306 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 786 || ↑ +59.8% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↑ +1.3% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 647 || ↓ -3.9% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 582 || ↑ +66.3% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 540 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 532 || ↓ -5.8% |- | 10 || [[Uturuki]] || 479 || ↑ +14.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 643 || 44.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.7% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} 24cjzio8izaeljhomk2is62xbd34vgp 1576335 1576333 2026-06-24T09:42:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1576335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-06-24) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 59 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 74 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-06-24)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 647 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2702 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1306 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1013 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 532 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 786 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 467 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 582 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 382 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1636 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34940 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30848 || ↑ +4.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 179.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2702 || ↓ -9.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1636 || ↑ +1569.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1306 || ↑ +20.7% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 786 || ↑ +59.8% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↑ +1.3% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 647 || ↓ -3.9% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 582 || ↑ +66.3% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 540 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 532 || ↓ -5.8% |- | 10 || [[Uturuki]] || 479 || ↑ +14.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 637 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.8% |- | 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 8.7% |- | 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 125 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5% |- | 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3% |- | 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3% |- |} jkhebfacp1ctdd0iaf90l8khdh6ec7q 2 214456 1576313 1507420 2026-06-24T05:20:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1576313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:sw-N|en-4}} [[File:Elizabeth Samwel.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth Samwel]] Habari! Naitwa Elizabeth Samwel ni mwanawikipedia kutoka Tanzania mwenye uzoefu katika kuhariri na kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation kama [[Wikipedia]] ya [[Kiingereza]] na ya [[Kiswahili]], Wikamusi, Wikidata na Wikimedia Commons. fxhksrldjuc0b1eu4k5q9kzo8q2mlp6 0 215412 1576282 1514499 2026-06-23T19:08:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idza Luhumyo''' (alizaliwa [[Mombasa]], Kenya, [[1993]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa hadithi fupi kutoka [[Kenya]], ambaye kazi yake huchunguza utambulisho wa watu wa [[Mkoa wa Pwani (Kenya)|pwani ya Kenya]]. Mnamo Julai 2020, Luhumyo alitangazwa kuwa mshindi wa kwanza wa tuzo la Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idza Luhumyo Wins Inaugural Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/08/idza-luhumyo-wins-inaugural-margaret-busby-new-daughters-of-africa-award/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2020-08-03|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref>Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo la Short Story Day Africa ya 2021 na hadithi yake "Five Years Next Sunday", <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=3 Winners Emerge for the 2020/21 Short Story Day Africa Prize|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2021/06/3-winners-emerge-for-the-2020-21-short-story-day-africa-prize/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2021-06-21|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref>ambayo pia ilishinda Tuzo la Caine.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan writer Luhumyo wins £10k AKO Caine Prize for ‘incandescent’ story|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/kenyan-writer-luhumyo-wins-10k-ako-caine-prize-for-incandescent-story|work=The Bookseller|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=En}}</ref> == Maisha == Idza Luhumyo ana shahada ya sheria kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]]. Anaishi kati ya [[Kilifi]] na [[Nairobi]], na anafanya kazi kama mwandishi wa skripti na mwandishi wa nakala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=First recipient of The Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award announced! – African Writers Trust|url=https://africanwriterstrust.org/2020/07/22/first-recipient-of-the-margaret-busby-new-daughters-of-africa-award-announced/|work=africanwriterstrust.org|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award|url=https://soas.hubbub.net/p/Margaret-Busby/|work=soas.hubbub.net|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528135050/https://soas.hubbub.net/p/Margaret-Busby/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Mnamo tarehe 21 Julai 2020 ilitangazwa kwamba yeye ndiye alikuwa mshindi wa kwanza wa ufadhili wa masomo uliowezeshwa na uchapishaji wa mkusanyiko wa [[Margaret Busby]] wa mwaka wa 2019 uitwao ''[[:en:Daughters_of_Africa#New_Daughters_of_Africa|New Daughters of Africa]]'' na Myriad Editions,na kwamba Luhumyo angeanza masomo ya uzamili katika [[SOAS University of London|Chuo Kikuu cha SOAS,London]] katika muhula wa vuli wa mwaka 2020 huku makazi yakitolewa na [[:en:International_Students_House,_London|International Students House]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idza Luhumyo is inaugural Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award recipient.|url=https://www.writingafrica.com/idza-luhumyo-is-inaugural-margaret-busby-new-daughters-of-africa-award-recipient/|date=2020-07-21|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-GB|author=James Murua|archive-date=2024-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511132826/https://www.writingafrica.com/idza-luhumyo-is-inaugural-margaret-busby-new-daughters-of-africa-award-recipient/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New daughters of Africa|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/new-daughters-of-africa/|work=Vanguard News|date=2020-07-24|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-GB|author=Urowayino Jeremiah}}</ref>Akizungumzia kozi yake, Luhumyo alisema:"Kitu ninachokipenda zaidi kuhusu programu ya Uzamili ya Fasihi Linganishi ni mchanganyiko wake wa taaluma mbalimbali. Wakati mwingine napenda kuifikiria kama ‘fasihi bila mipaka inayokutana na nadharia muhimu,’ jambo ambalo ni kamilifu kabisa.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://study.soas.ac.uk/soas-student-wins-prestigious-short-story-competition/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-10-08 |archive-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207155833/https://study.soas.ac.uk/soas-student-wins-prestigious-short-story-competition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Luhumyo aliendelea kuwa mwanafunzi na mshiriki wa udhamini wa Rose katika mpango wa [[:en:Texas_State_University_MFA|MFA Creative Writing]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Texas.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=x.com|url=https://x.com/txstmfa/status/1534553761359740929|work=X (formerly Twitter)|accessdate=2025-10-08}}</ref> Kazi ya Luhumyo imechapishwa na ''Popula'',<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Palimpsest|url=https://popula.com/2019/08/26/palimpsest/|work=Popula|date=2019-08-26|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US|author=Idza Luhumyo Idza Luhumyo is a writer from Mombasa, Kenya See more}}</ref>''Jalada Africa'', ''The Writivism Anthology'', ''Baphash Literary & Arts Quarterly'', ''MaThoko's Books'', ''Gordon Square Review'', Amsterdam's ''ZAM Magazine'', ''Short Story Day Africa'', ''The New Internationalist,'' ''The Dark'' and ''African Arguments.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=On Full Moon Nights|url=https://www.thedarkmagazine.com/full-moon-nights/|work=The Dark Magazine|date=2019-10-01|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US|author=The Dark Magazine, admin}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=How I fell in, out, and back in love with the leso|url=https://africanarguments.org/2019/10/how-i-fell-in-out-and-back-in-love-with-the-leso/|work=African Arguments|date=2019-10-14|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-GB|author=Idza Luhumyo}}</ref>Kazi zake zimeorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Short Story Day Africa, [[:en:Miles_Morland_Foundation_Writing_Scholarship|Miles Morland Writing Scholarship,]] na Tuzo ya Gerald Kraak.<ref name=":0" /> Luhumyo alishinda Tuzo ya Short Story Day Africa 2021 na "Five Years Next Sunday".<ref name=":1" />Mnamo Juni 2022, hadithi hio pia ilitangazwa kwenye orodha fupi ya Tuzo ya [[:en:Caine_Prize|Caine]], pamoja na hadithi za Joshua Chizoma, Nana-Ama Danquah, Hannah Giorgis na Billie McTernan.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The AKO Caine Prize announces its 2022 shortlisted writers|url=http://www.caineprize.com/press-releases/2022/6/8/the-ako-caine-prize-announces-its-2022-shortlisted-authors|work=The Caine Prize for African Writing|date=2022-06-08|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US|author=Site Manager|archive-date=2026-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114153801/http://www.caineprize.com/press-releases/2022/6/8/the-ako-caine-prize-announces-its-2022-shortlisted-authors|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan in AKO Caine Prize for African Writing 2022 shortlist|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sunday-magazine/article/2001447707/kenyan-in-ako-caine-prize-for-african-writing-2022-shortlist|work=The Standard|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en|author=Ferdinand Mwongela}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Year of Anthologies {{!}} Review of the 2022 Caine Prize Shortlisted Stories {{!}} by Nzube Nlebedim|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/06/the-year-of-anthologies-review-of-the-2022-caine-prize-shortlisted-stories-by-nzube-nlebedim/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2022-06-21|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Press release: Congratulating Idza Luhumyo and Mbozi Haimbre - LitNet|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/press-release-congratulating-idza-luhumyo-and-mbozi-haimbre/|work=LitNet - Die boekehuis met baie wonings|date=2022-06-11|accessdate=2025-10-08|author=LitNet}}</ref>Luhumyo aliendelea kuwa mshindi, akichaguliwa kati ya kazi 349 kutoka nchi 27 za Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=21 Best Diverse Books for Kids Chosen for Gayle's Grandson|url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/books/a37806071/childrens-books-about-diversity/|work=Oprah Daily|date=2021-11-22|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idza Luhumyo is the 5th Kenyan to Win the AKO Caine Prize for African Writing|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/idza-luhumyo-is-the-5th-kenyan-to-win-the-ako-caine-prize-for-african-writing/|work=Brittle Paper|date=2022-07-18|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idza Luhumyo wins AKO Caine Prize for African Writing 2022.|url=https://www.writingafrica.com/idza-luhumyo-wins-ako-caine-prize-for-african-writing-2022/|date=2022-07-18|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-GB|author=James Murua|archive-date=2025-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804024913/https://www.writingafrica.com/idza-luhumyo-wins-ako-caine-prize-for-african-writing-2022/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Mwenyekiti wa jopo la waamuzi wa Tuzo ya Caine [[:en:Okey_Ndibe|Okey Ndibe]] alielezea "Five Years Next Sunday"kama hadithi ya "incandescent", ambayo ilitumia "lugha ya kupendeza".<ref>{{Citation|last=Shaffi|first=Sarah|title=Caine prize goes to ‘incandescent’ short story by Idza Luhumyo|date=2022-07-18|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/jul/18/caine-prize-goes-to-incandescent-short-story-by-idza-luhumyo|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2025-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Idza Luhumyo Of Kenya Wins The Caine Prize for "Exquisite" Short Story|url=https://guardian.ng/life/idza-luhumyo-of-kenya-wins-the-caine-prize-for-exquisite-short-story/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2022-07-20|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-US|author=Guardian Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan writer Idza Luhumyo wins Caine Prize for short story|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/kenyan-writer-idza-luhumyo-wins-caine-prize-3887768|work=Daily Nation|date=2022-07-21|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en}}</ref>Luhumyo alikuwa mwandishi wa tano wa Kenya kutunukiwa Tuzo ya Caine.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=In Conversation with Idza Luhumyo, Winner of the 2022 AKO Caine Prize|url=https://www.wasafiri.org/content/in-conversation-with-idza-luhumyo/|work=www.wasafiri.org|accessdate=2025-10-08|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo Disemba 2022, Luhumyo aliorodheshwa na jarida la ''[[:en:New_African|New African]]'' kati ya "Waafrika 100 Wenye Ushawishi Zaidi" wa mwaka huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Home {{!}} NewAfricanMagazine|url=https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/|work=100.newafricanmagazine.com|accessdate=2025-10-08}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Kenya]] oiwhll8wai58liy4dgkiga7876rml4b 0 220817 1576325 1527255 2026-06-24T06:50:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tlotlo Tsamaase''' ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mshairi]] wa kubuni kutoka [[Botswana]]. Kazi zake zimewahi kupendekezwa na pia kushinda [[tuzo]] mbalimbali. [[Hadithi]] zake za kubuni zimechapishwa katika jarida la Clarkesworld, Strange Horizons, kitabu cha Africanfuturism: An Anthology, Africa Risen, na machapisho mengine.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=About|url=https://www.tlotlotsamaase.com/about|access-date=2025-06-17|website=Tlotlo Tsamaase|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Tsamaase alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya kwanza ya [[usanifu majengo]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Botswana]] na pia shahada ya [[uzamili]] ya [[uandishi]] wa [[ubunifu]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Chapman. Amesema kuwa kusoma usanifu majengo kulimvutia kuandika hadithi za sayansi ya kubuni<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When the Sensibility of Art Meets the Pragmatism of Science: A Conversation with Tlotlo Tsamaase, by Darlington Chibueze Anuonye|url=https://worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/interviews/when-sensibility-art-meets-pragmatism-science-conversation-tlotlo-tsamaase|access-date=2025-06-17|website=World Literature Today|language=en}}</ref>.Riwaya yake fupi ya kwanza, ''The Silence of the Wilting Skin'', ilichapishwa mwaka [[2021]] na ''Pink Narcissus Press'' na ilipendekezwa kuwania Tuzo ya ''Lambda'' katika kipengele cha Hadithi za Kubuni za LGBTQ.Riwaya yake ya kwanza ndefu, ''Womb City''<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-02-24|title=Ian Mond Reviews Womb City by Tlotlo Tsamaase|url=https://locusmag.com/2024/02/ian-mond-reviews-womb-city-by-tlotlo-tsamaase/|access-date=2025-06-17|website=Locus Online|language=en-US}}</ref>, ilichapishwa mwaka [[2024]] na kampuni ya ''Erewhon Books'' na ilipendekezwa kuwania Tuzo ya ''Locus'' kama Riwaya Bora ya Kwanza. Pia ilifika fainali ya Tuzo ya ''Ignyte'' ya mwaka [[2025]] katika kipengele cha Riwaya Bora.Kazi zake zimechapishwa katika machapisho mbalimbali ikiwemo ''Clarkesworld Magazine, The Best of World Science Fiction Volume 1, Futuri uniti d'Africa,'' ''Terraform, Strange Horizons, Africanfuturism: An Anthology, Africa Risen, The Dark Magazine,'' na ''The Year's Best African Speculative'' ''Fiction''.Kwa sasa anawakilishwa na Naomi Davis wa wakala wa vitabu wa BookEnds Literary Agency.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Silence of the Wilting Skin|url=http://www.pinknarc.com/store/p28/The_Silence_of_the_Wilting_Skin.html|access-date=2025-06-17|website=PINK NARCISSUS PRESS|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Yeye ni raia wa Botswana. ==Bibliografia Iliyochaguliwa== ===Hadithi za kubuni — Hadithi Fupi=== * [https://www.thedarkmagazine.com/will-clean-spirits-gone/ "Who Will Clean Our Spirits When We Are Gone?"], kwenye jarida la ''The Dark Magazine'' * [https://www.thedarkmagazine.com/the-river-of-night/ "The River of Night"], jarida la ''The Dark Magazine'' * "Eclipse Our Sins",kwenye jarida la ''Clarkesworld Magazine'' * "Behind Our Irises",kwenye wavuti wa Wole Talabi, iliyohaririwa na kitabu cha, ''Africanfuturism: An Anthology''Cha mwaka (2020) * "The River of Night" ndani ya wavuti wa Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, iliyohaririwa na jarida la , ''The Year's Best African Speculative Fiction'' mnamo mwaka (2021) * "[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/565c3d39e4b027c789ba5b70/t/64a569d7fe8a2b041897dabf/1688562136794/Peeling+Time+%28Deluxe+Edition%29+-+Tlotlo+Tsamaase.pdf Peeling Time (Deluxe Edition] {{Wayback|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/565c3d39e4b027c789ba5b70/t/64a569d7fe8a2b041897dabf/1688562136794/Peeling+Time+%28Deluxe+Edition%29+-+Tlotlo+Tsamaase.pdf |date=20260107124403 }}", kwenye wavuti wa Sheree Renée Thomas, Zelda Knight, na Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, iliyohaririwa na jarida la , ''Africa Risen'' la mwaka (2022) * "[https://apex-magazine.com/short-fiction/dreamports/ Dreamports]" kwenye jarida la ''Apex Magazine'' cha mwaka (2022) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Botswana]] ==Viungo vya Nje== *{{official website|https://www.tlotlotsamaase.com/}} rych7gr9i1laqga7g908hmg89oc93l3 0 224819 1576304 1498118 2026-06-24T02:20:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Najla Mohammed El Mangoush''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[7 Juni]], [[1973]]) ni mwanadiplomasia na [[wakili]] wa [[Libya]].<ref name="libyaherald">{{cite web |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/03/11/najla-mangoush-libyas-first-female-foreign-minister/ |title=Najla Mangoush – Libya's first female Foreign Minister |website= |publisher=[[Libya Herald]] |date=11 March 2021 |access-date=21 March 2021 |language= |trans-title= |archive-date=2021-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316152121/https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/03/11/najla-mangoush-libyas-first-female-foreign-minister/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Libya katika serikali ya Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh kuanzia tarehe [[15 Machi]], [[2021]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Najla Mohammed El Mangoush alizaliwa mjini Cardiff, Wales, katika familia yenye watoto wanne waliotoka Libya. Hata hivyo, alikulia mjini Benghazi, ambako familia ilirejea alipokuwa na umri wa miaka sita.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rausch |first=Colette |title=Speaking Their Peace: Personal Stories from the Frontlines of War and Peace|url=https://archive.org/details/speakingtheirpea0000raus |publisher= Roaring Forties Press|location=Berkeley, California |year=2015 |isbn=978-1938901386}}</ref> ===Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje=== [[File:Secretary Blinken Meets with Libyan Foreign Minister Mangoush.jpg|right|thumb|Mangoush anakutana na Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Marekani, Antony J. Blinken, mjini Bari, tarehe 29 Juni 2021.]] Tarehe [[15 Machi]], [[2021]], aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje katika baraza la mawaziri la Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, ambalo ni sehemu ya Government of National Unity. Yeye ni mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa wa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Libya, na wa tano kushika nafasi hiyo katika Ulimwengu wa Kiarabu, baada ya Naha Mint Mouknass (2009–2011) na Vatma Vall Mint Soueina (2015) wa Mauritania, Fawzia Yusuf H. Adam (2012–2014) wa Somalia, na Asma Mohamed Abdalla (2019–2020) wa Sudan. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Libya]] rf3c7x5gncywj0lb8r3i7uc3a0j6vbr 3 230362 1576315 1550789 2026-06-24T05:41:01Z Mitana Kadorho 88890 /* Wanadamu si wanyama wa kudhulumiwa */ mjadala mpya 1576315 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Utambulisho wa Mitana Kadorho == Mitana Kadorho ni mwalimu, mchungaji, mwandishi, msanii wa nyimbo za injili kwa ujumla ni msanii kitaaluma. Alizaliwa tarehe 20 Agosti 1982, Bukavu, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Alisoma katika Ecole Primaire Bingwa Bagira/Bukavu. Jiunge na shule ya upili katika Institut Fadhili de Kaawa na kupata diploma ya ualimu mwaka 1998. Mnamo 2003, alishiriki katika tamasha la injili lililoandaliwa Kampala katika Kanisa Kuu la Miracle Centre, alijiunga na: Africa Academic Ministry International ambapo alipata degree ya kiteologia mnamo mwaka wa 2006. Amefannyikiwa kutembea na kujibu aliko toka mataifa mbalimbali kama: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Botwana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na kadhalika. Ameajiriwa na Shule za kimataifa: Entebbe junior 2007 na kwa leo anafanya kazi na shule la kimataifa la: Pearl of Africa International. Anazo albums mbili za ki injli ikiwemo: SIKU TUNAZOISHI, Volume 1, 2000 TOUT EST VANITE, Volume 2, 2008 [https://translate.google.com/?gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyCQgBEAAYChiABDIGCAIQRRg5MgsIAxAAGAoYCxiABDILCAQQABgKGAsYgAQyCwgFEAAYChgLGIAEMgsIBhAAGAoYCxiABDILCAcQABgKGAsYgAQyCwgIEAAYChgLGIAEMgsICRAAGAoYCxiABNIBCjI0OTkzajBqMTWoAgiwAgHxBUFyp14FrVCo&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&client=tw-ob#en/sw/page%20with%20'Mitana%20Kadorho%20is%20a%20teacher,%20pastor%20and%20a%20gospel%20singer%20writer,%20artist%20by%20profession.%20Born%20on%2020th%20August%201982,%20in%20Bukavu,%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo.%20He%20studied%20at%20Ecole%20Primaire%20Bingwa%20Bagira/Bukavu.%20Join%20high%20school%20at%20Institut%20Fadhili%20de%20Kaawa%20and%20got%20a%20diploma%20in%20pedagogy%20in%201998.%20In%202003,%20he%20participated%20to%20the%20gospel%20festival%20organized%20in%20Kampala%20at%20Miracle%20Centre%20Cathedral,%20joined:%20Africa%20Academic%20Ministry%20International%20where Open in Google Translate] '''[[Mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho|Mitana Kadorho]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:12, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Wanadamu si wanyama wa kudhulumiwa == Wanadamu si wanyama wa kudhulumiwa Hata wanyama wana haki ya kulindwa dhidi ya aina yoyote ya unyanyasaji. Baadhi ya watu wanaamini kuwa wana haki ya kuwatendea wengine vibaya kwa sababu tu wana vyeo vya upendeleo maishani. Athari hii ya utajiri inawapelekea kuajiri wasaidizi wa kazi zao. Wasaidizi hawa wanakubali kufanya kazi kwa bidii na kwa ujasiri kuwafanya mabwana zao wastarehe, lakini badala ya kuwatuza, wanashangaa na kutendewa vibaya kama watumwa, wanyama, wajinga, wadudu ... Waathiriwa wanazidi kuchoka, kuumizwa, kukata tamaa, na kuishiwa nguvu, lakini licha ya mateso na hali halisi wanayopata, wanachongwa na maumivu wanayovumilia. Uzoefu huu ulioishi huwafanya kuwa na hekima na falsafa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho|Mitana Kadorho]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:41, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 8ns09l4emo03nvlz5h6d9zkauir1hls 0 233316 1576328 1540755 2026-06-24T07:36:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Ghambi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, Ghambi alikuwa mfanyabiashara katika sehemu za kati na kaskazini mwa Malawi, akihusiana na kilimo, usafirishaji na kuchimba visima vya maji. Mwaka 2014, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Elimu, Sayansi na Teknolojia wa Malawi na rais wa zamani Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 31 Mei 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Malawians give Mutharika Cabinet size thumps up - The Malawi Oracle Times|date=2014-06-24|url=http://www.orakonews.com/malawians-give-mutharika-cabinet-size-thumps-up/|work=The Malawi Oracle Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-10|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235413/http://www.orakonews.com/malawians-give-mutharika-cabinet-size-thumps-up/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka 2016, alihamishiwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] pt4wqvvido8o2ek74i4ervqkvawg98m 0 235422 1576318 1543790 2026-06-24T06:06:14Z HarryWurst 83937 image 1576318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2022-08-12 at 19.11.44.jpg|thumb|Delegada Ione Barbosa]] '''Ione Maria Moreira Dias Barbosa''' (alizaliwa 20 Machi 1974),ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] anajulikana zaidi kama kiongozi wa polisi anafanya kazi kama Mbunge wa Shirikisho (federal deputy) akiwakilisha jimbo la [[Minas Gerais]] tangu mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/220625/biografia|title=Delegada Ione – Biografia|publisher=Chamber of Deputies|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/220625 Wasifu rasmi katika Baraza la Manaibu la Brazil] {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Barbosa, Ione}} {{commonscat}} [[mg:Delegada Ione Barbosa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7oqri2ya7smcsue8s3hmzw7h5eed42y 0 241384 1576299 1575990 2026-06-23T22:19:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576299 wikitext text/x-wiki Neno '''kujitakasa''' '''linamaanisha''' michakato yote ya [[Biolojia|kibiolojia]], mchakato wa kifizikia na kikemia unaowezesha ardhi au mfumo wa ikolojia uliotengemaa kugeuza au kusafisha viambata vya kigeni vinavyoingizwa humo (uchafuzi wa mazingira), iwe ni kwa ajili ya daima (utakaso wa dhati) au kwa kipindi maalumu tu (utakaso wa mpito), bila kuhitaji usaidizi kutoka nje. Mchakato wa kujisafisha kwa mazingira usichanganywe na matukio ya mrundikano wa kibayolojia (bioaccumulation) ambayo yanaweza kuleta picha ya uwongo kuwa mazingira yamekuwa safi, wakati ambapo sumu bado imehifadhiwa humo ndani. Kama mfano, viumbe vyenye tabia ya kuchuja maji ili kupata chakula kama vile miamba (mussels) au chaza (oysters) vina uwezo wa kunyonya na kuhifadhi kiasi kikubwa cha metali nzito hatari ndani ya miili au magamba yao (njia ya asili ya viumbe hao kujilinda na sumu). Kwa miaka mingi, metali hizo zinakuwa zimefichwa na hazitaonekana zikielea kwenye maji, hata hivyo, baadhi ya sumu hizo zitaachiliwa upya pale ambapo magamba hayo yataanza kusagika au kuyeyuka mazingirani (mchakato huu unakuwa wa haraka zaidi iwapo maji yatakuwa na viwango vya juu vya asidi). == Masharti na vikwazo == Utakaso wa asili wa mazingira (autoépuration) unafanyika tu iwapo kuna mazingira wezeshi maalum na ndani ya viwango au ukomo maalumu (kiwango cha nafasi na wakati, pamoja na vigezo vya wingi na ubora). Inafaa kwa [[Uchafuzi wa ardhi|uchafuzi]] vitu vinavyoweza kumeng’enyika kibayolojia (kwa nadra sana katika mazingira yasiyo na oksijeni, na kwa kiasi kikubwa zaidi kwenye mazingira yenye oksijeni), hata hivyo, viambata vya sumu ambavyo havijatofautishwa kikamilifu, huchukua muda mrefu au mchakato mgumu kutoweka, kwa kawaida hupungua tu makali yake au huzama na kufichwa chini ya matope na masalio ya mto (sediments) mahali ambapo vinaweza kuachiliwa upya na kusafiri mazingirani. Uwezo wa asili wa kioevu kujitakasa huchochewa na kiwango cha hewa safi (oksijeni) pamoja na vichocheo vingine kama vile aina ya ardhi, hali ya usafi wa kioevu hicho, na kiwango cha joto lake. Kukiwepo na uhaba mkubwa wa hewa safi mazingirani, mizunguko ya mtengano isiyohitaji oksijeni (anaerobic digestion) huanza kufanya kazi. Hata hivyo, kwenye kioevu kilichoshiba hewa safi ya kutosha, masalio ya viumbe hai (kama yale yanayotokana na maji taka) hushambuliwa na kumeng'enywa kwa haraka sana na viumbe kama kuvu (fungi), bakteria, pamoja na viumbehai vingine vidogo vyenye jukumu la kuoza dutu mazingirani. == Changamoto == Utaratibu huu ni faida ya asili inayotolewa na mazingira (ecosystem service), hivyo hauna gharama za kifedha (katika maeneo na vipindi ambavyo mazingira wezeshi yanakuwepo). Ni nguzo kuu na kigezo cha lazima kwa ajili ya ustahimilivu wa mifumo ya asili (ecological resilience). Mchakato huu wa utakaso wa asili hufanya kazi vizuri tu pale ambapo ikolojia imetengemaa na bila kukabiliwa na mivurugano kutoka nje. Mikakati ya kupanda upya uoto wa asili inategemea mifumo ya namna hii. Kwa kiasi kikubwa, mifumo-msingi ya ikolojia (kama vile muunganisho wa maeneo ya kijani nchini Ufaransa, au mtandao wa ikolojia wa bara la Ulaya), ambayo inalenga kurudisha ubora wa maeneo, ina dhumuni la kufufua mazingira wezeshi ya kujisafisha na kujilinda yenyewe, jambo ambalo ni miongoni mwa sifa kuu za mifumo ya asili. == Mchakato == Mchakato huu wa utakaso wa asili unaweza kusababishwa na mifumo miwili tofauti : # Mifumo ya utakaso isiyo ya hiyari (passive purification), inayotokana na mabadiliko ya kifizikia na kikemia kama vile kujitenga na kuganda kwa dutu (precipitation), unyonzwaji wa ndani (absorption), upotezaji wa unyevu (dehydration), ugandaji wa vitu juu ya uso (adsorption), uchujaji wa kawaida (filtration), uachumiaji wa gesi (degassing), na mtengano unaosababishwa na mwanga wa jua (photodegradation)... # Mifumo ya utakaso inayochochewa kikamilifu na viumbehai (microorganisms, uoto wa asili, wanyama, pamoja na kuvu): viumbe hivi humeng'enya, hufanya kiumbe cha sumu kishindwe kufanya kazi (inactivation), na/au kufungia viambata hivyo vya uchafuzi mzima mzima au sehemu yake ndani ya mazingira husika (kama vile kwenye maji, hewa, au udongoni). Kutokana na mifumo ya kiutendaji iliyotajwa hapo awali, viambata vilivyomo mazingirani humeng'enywa na kutoweshwa kidogo kidogo, kwa kuwa hubadilishwa na kuwa sehemu ya tishu na nishati ya viumbehai (biomass). Hatua hii inapunguza athari za uchafuzi au kuzuia mrundikano hatari wa virutubisho kwenye maji (eutrophication), ilimradi tu viwango vya sumu au taka hizo havijavuka ukomo na wala havileti mivurugano mikubwa kwenye mfumo wa asili.. Baadhi ya viumbe hai vina mchango mkubwa na wa kipekee zaidi kuliko vingine. Kwa mfano, vijidudu vya bakteria hutumiwa maalum kwa ajili ya kusafisha maji taka au kwenye mitambo ya kuzalisha nishati ya biogesi (biogas plants). Mnyama aina ya "beaver" (panya-maji mjenzi), kupitia mabwawa anayoyajenga na udhibiti wake wa mtiririko wa maji, husaidia kwa kiwango kikubwa katika mifumo ya utakaso wa asili wa mito hiyo [1], ikiwemo kuchuja na kupunguza mrundikano wa virutubisho vya ziada kama vile nitrojeni na nitrati, kama ilivyothibitishwa kisayansi kwenye maeneo ya kilimo ndani ya bonde la Mto Nemunas nchini Lithuania [2] (bonde ambalo linakadiriwa kuwa na makazi ya beaver kati ya 10,000 hadi 12,000). <ref name="Lamsodis2005">Lamsodis R & Vaikasas S (2005) ''The potential to retain nitrogen in beaver ponds and delta floodplains of the River Nemunas''. Archiv für Hydrobiologie. Supplementband. Large rivers, 15(1-4), 225-241 ([http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17020293 résumé] {{Wayback|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17020293 |date=20140718041815 }})</ref> ). Kome (mussels) na viumbe wengine wenye magamba mawili (bivalves) wanaochuja maji hunyonya metali nzito hatari na kuzifungia ndani ya magamba yao. Hata hivyo, mfumo huu unadhihirisha wazi jambo linaloitwa mrundikano wa kibayolojia (bioaccumulation). Maji yanaweza kuonekana kuwa safi kwa nje, lakini metali hizo hazitabaki humo milele: viumbe hao wanapokufa, magamba yao huanza kusagika na kumomonyoka, na hatimaye metali doomed nzito huachiliwa upya na kusambaa kwenye maji. == Tazama pia == === Makala zinazohusiana === {{Colonnes|* [[Épuration]] * [[Eau]] * [[Pédologie (géoscience)|Pédologie]] * [[Équilibre écologique]] * [[Génie écologique]] * [[Écosystème]] * [[Lagunage naturel]]|nombre=3}} === Viungo vya nje === === Marejeleo === * Streeter HW & Phelps EB (1958) ''[http://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/1590/C&EE148.pdf?seque Utafiti wa uchafuzi wa mazingira na utakaso wa asili wa Mto Ohio]'' . Idara ya Afya, Elimu, na Ustawi ya Marekani. * Lamsodis R & Vaikasas S (2005) ''Uwezo wa kuhifadhi nitrojeni katika mabwawa ya beaver na mabonde ya mafuriko ya delta ya Mto Nemunas'' . Archive für Hydrobiologie. Supplementband. Mito mikubwa, 15(1-4), 225-241 ( [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17020293 muhtasari] {{Wayback|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17020293 |date=20140718041815 }} ). {{Reflist}}{{Lango|eau|assainissement|écologie}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q73nzkjbcz3f9fu8b88zjzu1k68gpx4 0 241386 1576269 1576190 2026-06-23T15:17:01Z Olimasy 26935 kigezo vyanzo 1576269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maporomoko ya Bawa''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] ya aina ya ''horsetail'' yaliyopo katika eneo la Transkei, katika Mkoa wa Marashiriki ya Cape nchini Afrika Kusini. Maporomoko haya yana anguko moja la moja kwa moja lenye urefu wa [[mita]] 103 na upana wa wastani wa mita 1.5.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bawa Falls, South Africa - World Waterfall Database|url=https://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/waterfall/Bawa-Falls-495|work=www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com|accessdate=2026-06-22|language=en}}</ref> Yapo karibu na kijiji cha KwaNdotshanga, karibu na [[mji]] wa Butterworth, kwenye tawimto la magharibi la Mto Gcuwa. Mto Gcuwa nao ni tawimto la kaskazini la Mto Great Kei. Kutokana na urefu wake mkubwa na [[mazingira]] ya asili yanayouzunguka, Maporomoko ya Bawa ni sehemu ya mandhari ya kuvutia katika eneo la Transkei la Afrika Kusini. == Marejeo == <references /> {{vyanzo}} {{Mbegu-jio-AfrikaKusini}} [[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] mylz12rxr1qrscucgzrmvsr17s4ucv0 0 241388 1576302 1576192 2026-06-23T23:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1576302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:SA04103-Wodospad Bridal Veil.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya maji ya Pazia la Harusi, eneo la Sabie]] '''Maporomoko ya Pazia la Harusi''' yapo takribani [[kilomita]] sita nje ya mji wa Sabie, katika Mkoa wa Mpumalanga nchini Afrika Kusini. Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa mita 70. Kwa kawaida, [[maji]] yake hutiririka polepole, jambo linalofanya yaonekane kama shela ya [[harusi]] (''bridal veil''), na ndiyo sababu ya jina lake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bridal Veil Falls {{!}} SAFCOL|url=http://www.safcol.co.za/what-we-offer/ecotourism/bridal-veil-falls/|work=www.safcol.co.za|accessdate=2026-06-22|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513015407/http://www.safcol.co.za/what-we-offer/ecotourism/bridal-veil-falls/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ni mojawapo ya maporomoko mengi yaliyopo katika eneo hilo kwenye Mto Sabie na ni kivutio maarufu cha utalii. [[Maporomoko]] haya yanafikika kwa gari, na eneo hilo lina maegesho pamoja na sehemu za kufanya pikniki katika ardhi ya SAFCOL. Kutoka eneo la maegesho, kuna njia ya miguu inayopita katika msitu wa asili kwa umbali wa takribani mita 750, ambayo huchukua karibu dakika 15 kufika kwenye maporomoko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sabie River Route|url=https://www.sabie.co.za/tour/sabie-route.html#bidal%20veil%20falls|work=www.sabie.co.za|accessdate=2026-06-22}}</ref> == Utalii == Maporomoko ya Pazia la Harusi yapo kwenye njia maarufu ya Panorama, katika eneo lenye idadi kubwa ya maporomoko ya maji kuliko sehemu nyingine yoyote Kusini mwa Afrika. Watalii wengi hutembelea maporomoko haya kila siku na hulipa ada ndogo ili kuyaona. Pia ni sehemu ya matembezi ya Loerie , njia ya kutembea yenye urefu wa kilomita 10, ingawa kuna njia fupi ya takribani kilomita 6 inayozunguka eneo la maporomoko yenyewe. Aidha, Maporomoko ya Pazia la Harusi ni sehemu ya njia maarufu ya matembezi ya Fanie Botha, ambayo kwa ujumla ni [[safari]] ya siku tano, lakini pia ina chaguo za njia fupi kwa watembeaji wanaotaka safari fupi zaidi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Walks and Hikes - Sabie|url=https://sabie.co.za/about/hiking/#bridal|work=sabie.co.za|accessdate=2026-06-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-AfrikaKusini}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]] 5jrr8jiwwv1s5jkkekmswd1wh4c8uf7 0 241390 1576267 1576215 2026-06-23T15:14:27Z Olimasy 26935 Muundo 1576267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Horseshoe Falls - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya maji asubuhi ya msimu wa baridi (msimu wa kiangazi)]] '''Maporomoko ya Horseshoe''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kilomita 4 kutoka Barabara ya Old Lydenburg kando ya Mto Sabie katika Mkoa wa Mpumalanga, Afrika Kusini. Maporomoko haya ni ya kipekee kwa sababu yana umbo la kiatu cha farasi (''horseshoe''), ingawa si marefu sana. Kutokana na umuhimu wake wa kihistoria na kiasili, yametangazwa kuwa alama ya Taifa la Afrika Kusini. Njia fupi ya kutembea kupitia [[mandhari]] nzuri ya asili huwafikisha wageni kwenye maporomoko haya ya aina ya mteremko (''cascade''). Wakiwa hapo, wageni wanaweza pia kuona aina mbalimbali za [[ndege]] na [[wanyamapori]] wa eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Horse Shoe Falls in Sabie, Mpumalanga|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsmpl/horse-shoe-falls.php|work=www.sa-venues.com|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ingawa eneo hili linafikika kwa urahisi, wageni hulipa ada ndogo ili kuingia katika hifadhi ambako kivutio hiki kinapatikana. Maporomoko ya Horseshoe pia ni eneo maarufu kwa uvuvi wa samaki aina ya trout. == Vivutio vingine == Nchini Afrika Kusini pia kuna eneo linalojulikana kama '''Amphitheatre''' katika Hifadhi ya uKhahlamba-Drakensberg. Eneo hili lina [[miamba]] mikubwa yenye umbo la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]], jambo ambalo wakati mwingine linaweza kuchanganywa na Maporomoko ya Horseshoe kutokana na kufanana kwa umbo lao. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-AfrikaKusini}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]] 24tuq2cy8kryjq9s7qmn2aveyatwhag 0 241391 1576266 1576202 2026-06-23T15:10:44Z Olimasy 26935 Lugha 1576266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Weija''' ni bwawa lililojengwa kwenye Mto Densu nchini [[Ghana]], ambalo linatumika kutoa maji katika kituo kikuu cha kutibu maji kwa ajili ya Jiji la Accra. Bwawa hili linaendeshwa na mamlaka ya maji ya Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story|url=http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story|work=www.nadmo.gov.gh|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-gb|author=Amoani Emmanuel Ofori}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/june-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa la Weija linauwezo wa kutoa maji takribani asilimia 80 ya maji safi kwa matumizi kwa wakazi wa [[Accra]] na maeneo ya jirani. Ujenzi wake ulianza mwaka 1974 na kukamilika mwaka 1978 na kampuni ya Kiitaliano iliyojulikana kama Messrs Tahi. == Kumwagwa kwa maji ya bwawa == Mnamo Juni 2014, maji yalifunguliwa kutoka bwawani na kusababisha mafuriko katika eneo la Glefe. Baadhi ya waathirika walidai kuwa mafuriko hayo yalichangiwa na kutofanyika kwa uchimbaji wa mkondo wa mto unaoelekea baharini kutokana na kusubiri kumalizika kwa tamasha la Homowo. Mwezi Machi 2017, Ghana Water Company ilianza kumwaga maji kutoka bwawani ili kuzuia kiwango cha [[maji]] kisizidi kiwango cha juu kinachoruhusiwa. Hatua hiyo ilihitajika kutokana na msimu wa mvua na ilisababisha mafuriko katika maeneo ya Tetegu na Oblogo. Mwezi Machi 2021, malango ya bwawa yalifunguliwa baada ya kiwango cha maji kuongezeka ghafla kwa futi 1.9 ndani ya saa 24. Kiwango cha maji kiliongezeka kutoka futi 46.2 hadi futi 48.1, ambacho kilikuwa futi 1.1 juu ya kiwango salama cha uendeshaji cha futi 47. Kufunguliwa kwa malango kulifanyika ili kupunguza hatari ya bwawa kuharibika au kupasuka. Mwezi Oktoba 2022, bwawa lilimwaga maji mara mbili kutokana na mvua kubwa. Kiwango cha maji kilikuwa [[futi]] 49.5 wakati wa kumwagwa kwa kwanza mwanzoni mwa mwezi huo, na futi 47.9 wakati wa kumwagwa kwa pili baadaye mwezi huo. Bwawa la Weija ni mojawapo ya miundombinu muhimu zaidi ya maji nchini Ghana kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika usambazaji wa maji kwa mji mkuu wa Accra na maeneo yanayouzunguka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html|work=Graphic Online|date=2022-10-04|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maji]] g0izigwjiicvks0wp4isz7mgjrhigfy 0 241394 1576261 1576214 2026-06-23T14:53:30Z Olimasy 26935 nimeongeza kigezo 1576261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Gene Simmons | jina_halisi = Chaim Witz | majina_mengine = {{plainlist| * Gene Klein * The Demon * God of Thunder * Dr. Love * Reginald Van Helsing }} | picha = Gene Simmons - Wacken Open Air 2024 05 (cropped).jpg | ukubwawapicha = 200px | maelezo_ya_picha = Simmons mwaka 2024 | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1949|08|25|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Haifa, Israeli | uraia = {{plainlist| * Israeli * Marekani }} | kazi = {{plainlist| * Mwanamuziki * Mwimbaji * Mtunzi wa nyimbo * Mtayarishaji wa rekodi * Mwigizaji * Mfanyabiashara * Mcheza maigizo wa televisheni }} | kipindi = 1970–sasa | mwenzi = Shannon Tweed (ndoa 2011–sasa) | washirika = {{plainlist| * Cher (1978–1980) * Diana Ross (1980–1983) }} | watoto = {{plainlist| * Nick Simmons * Sophie Simmons }} | aina_ya_muziki = {{plainlist| * Rock ngumu (Hard rock) * Heavy metal }} | chombo = {{plainlist| * Gitaa la besi * Sauti }} | kikundi_cha_zamani = {{plainlist| * Kiss * Wicked Lester }} | asili = New York City, Marekani | tovuti = {{URL|genesimmons.com}} }} '''Gene Simmons''' (alizaliwa kama '''Chaim Witz'''; Agosti 25, 1949), anayejulikana pia kwa jina lake la jukwaani kama "'''the Demon'''" (Shetani), ni mwanamuziki wa [[Israeli]] na [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mpiga gitaa la besi na mwimbaji mkuu mwenza wa bendi ya muziki wa "hard rock" ya [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], ambayo aliianzisha kwa ushirikiano na [[Paul Stanley]], [[Ace Frehley]], na [[Peter Criss]] mnamo mwaka 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biography.com/musicians/gene-simmons |title=Gene Simmons Biography |website=Biography.com |access-date=2026-06-23 |language=en}}</ref> Simmons, pamoja na Stanley, walibaki kuwa wanachama wa kudumu wa bendi hiyo hadi iliposambaratika rasmi mnamo mwaka 2023. Simmons anajulikana pia kwa ulimi wake mrefu na kwa kipindi chake cha televisheni cha maisha halisi (reality show) kilichoitwa ''[[Gene Simmons Family Jewels]]'', kilichorushwa hewani kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/compose/tt0791404/ |title=Gene Simmons: Family Jewels |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-06-23 |language=en}}</ref> Aliingizwa kwenye Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa "Rock and Roll" ([[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]) mnamo mwaka 2014 kama mwanachama wa Kiss.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/kiss |title=KISS |website=Rock & Roll Hall of Fame |access-date=2026-06-23 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]] {{Mbegu}} pim30qcewur0elv76xl8a6jz314xucs 0 241416 1576254 2026-06-23T13:32:08Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Samia]] hadi [[Samia (Mwanamuziki)]]: Match the original english article titles to avoid double translation 1576254 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Samia (Mwanamuziki)]] o6zucg9xphx8vq2cnqg120hjog97mlh 0 241417 1576256 2026-06-23T13:53:03Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Sota Kitano]] hadi [[Sōta Kitano]]: Match original name 1576256 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sōta Kitano]] j3futatjs08n9ex6zmmazglbau3alug 0 241418 1576258 2026-06-23T14:06:57Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth moved page [[Decimo Bettini]] to [[Décimo Bettini]] over redirect: Misspelled title 1576258 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Décimo Bettini]] j7i44a400xw7bv17esek0pt5lrzu6i8 0 241419 1576264 2026-06-23T14:59:43Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Vanderson]] hadi [[Vanderson (mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu)]]: Match the original name 1576264 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vanderson (mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu)]] dmoqpwn3c2krntj53ya3icniy2wjnqu 0 241420 1576277 2026-06-23T18:10:50Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Watari''' ni bwawa lililopo katika eneo la [[serikali]] ya mitaa la Bagwai, kaskazini-magharibi mwa Jimbo la Kano nchini [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Countries and Territories|url=http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/1347-nigeria/hydro-energy|work=www.industryabout.com|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-gb}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilijengwa kati ya mwaka 1977 na 1980 kwa gharama ya naira za Nigeria milioni 7.108. Faili:Panorama...' 1576277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Watari''' ni bwawa lililopo katika eneo la [[serikali]] ya mitaa la Bagwai, kaskazini-magharibi mwa Jimbo la Kano nchini [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Countries and Territories|url=http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/1347-nigeria/hydro-energy|work=www.industryabout.com|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-gb}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilijengwa kati ya mwaka 1977 na 1980 kwa gharama ya naira za Nigeria milioni 7.108. [[Faili:Panorama of Watari Dam.jpg|thumb|777x777px|'''Muonekano wa Panorama wa Bwawa la Watari''']] Jamii zinazozunguka eneo hilo hutumia maji ya bwawa kwa shughuli za kilimo. Pia kuna kituo cha kusukuma maji kinachosambaza maji kutoka bwawani kwenda sehemu mbalimbali za [[Jiji]] la Kano na miji mingine katika jimbo hilo, ikiwemo Bichi na Bagwai. Bwawa la Watari ni bwawa la tatu kwa ukubwa katika Jimbo la Kano, likiwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji wa takribani mita za ujazo milioni 104.55. Malengo makuu ya ujenzi wake ni kudhibiti mafuriko, kusaidia umwagiliaji na kuendeleza uvuvi. Mbali na matumizi hayo, bwawa hilo pia hutoa manufaa mengine kama vile usambazaji wa [[maji]], shughuli za burudani na uhifadhi wa wanyamapori. Moja ya matukio ya kusikitisha yaliyohusishwa na Bwawa la Watari ni ajali ya mashua ya Bagwai iliyotokea tarehe 30 Novemba 2021, ambapo watu kadhaa walipoteza maisha baada ya mashua kuzama katika eneo la bwawa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Nigeria boat capsize: At least 29 die in Kano state|date=2021-12-01|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59490699|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Nigeria}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Nigeria]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maji]] byup4vd279gf8itlq0hotpjgmd8yxx8 0 241421 1576278 2026-06-23T18:15:36Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Wadi Wishka''' ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa mawe lenye uso wa saruji lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Wishka, takribani [[kilomita]] 29 kusini-magharibi mwa mji wa Sokna katika eneo la Fezzan nchini [[Libya]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Projects {{!}} Jacobs|url=https://www.ane-ly.net/projects.html|work=www.ane-ly.net|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref>Lengo kuu la ujenzi wa bwawa hili ni kudhibiti mafuriko na kuhifadhi maji kwa matumizi mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|ti...' 1576278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Wadi Wishka''' ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa mawe lenye uso wa saruji lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Wishka, takribani [[kilomita]] 29 kusini-magharibi mwa mji wa Sokna katika eneo la Fezzan nchini [[Libya]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Projects {{!}} Jacobs|url=https://www.ane-ly.net/projects.html|work=www.ane-ly.net|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref>Lengo kuu la ujenzi wa bwawa hili ni kudhibiti mafuriko na kuhifadhi maji kwa matumizi mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.zutari.com/|work=Zutari|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Ujenzi wa Bwawa la Wadi Wishka ulianza mwaka [[2004]] na kukamilika mwaka 2006 kwa gharama ya takribani dola za [[Irani|Marekani]] milioni 5. Bwawa hili ni sehemu ya miundombinu muhimu ya usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji katika eneo la Fezzan, ambalo linakabiliwa na hali ya [[ukame]] na hutegemea mifumo ya kuhifadhi maji na kudhibiti [[mafuriko]] ya ghafla yanayotokea katika mabonde ya mito ya msimu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maji]] bq3chucz5gfdpg8bpgpzpdmdkghudji 0 241422 1576279 2026-06-23T18:22:43Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Wadi Mejenin''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Mejenin, takribani [[kilomita]] 64 kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Tripoli katika Wilaya ya Jabal al Gharbi nchini [[Libya]]. Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1972, na lengo lake kuu ni kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao pamoja na kudhibiti mafuriko. Bwawa la Wadi Mejenin lina mchango muhimu katika maendeleo ya kilimo na usimamizi wa [[rasilimali]] za maji katika eneo hilo...' 1576279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Wadi Mejenin''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Mejenin, takribani [[kilomita]] 64 kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Tripoli katika Wilaya ya Jabal al Gharbi nchini [[Libya]]. Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1972, na lengo lake kuu ni kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao pamoja na kudhibiti mafuriko. Bwawa la Wadi Mejenin lina mchango muhimu katika maendeleo ya kilimo na usimamizi wa [[rasilimali]] za maji katika eneo hilo, hasa katika mazingira yenye ukame ambapo upatikanaji wa [[maji]] ni muhimu kwa shughuli za kiuchumi na maisha ya wananchi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water profile of Libya|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya|work=www.eoearth.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/databases/dams/|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]] [[Jamii:Maji]] dpo5ldkytx62oar3gmq7y2quoc357je 0 241423 1576280 2026-06-23T18:29:23Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Wadi Lebda''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Lebda, takribani [[kilomita]] 5 kusini mwa mji wa Khoms katika [[Wilaya]] ya Murqub nchini [[I|Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water profile of Libya|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya|work=www.eoearth.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1982, na lengo lake kuu ni kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao pamoja na kudhib...' 1576280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Wadi Lebda''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Lebda, takribani [[kilomita]] 5 kusini mwa mji wa Khoms katika [[Wilaya]] ya Murqub nchini [[I|Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water profile of Libya|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya|work=www.eoearth.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1982, na lengo lake kuu ni kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao pamoja na kudhibiti mafuriko. Bwawa la Wadi Lebda lina umuhimu mkubwa katika usimamizi wa [[rasilimali]] za maji katika eneo la Khoms, likisaidia kuhifadhi [[maji]] kwa matumizi ya kilimo na kupunguza athari za mafuriko yanayoweza kutokea wakati wa mvua kubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/databases/dams/|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]] ndxs79l1duu6x1ki72csd7y57ndd9ay 0 241424 1576283 2026-06-23T19:23:55Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Wadi Kaam''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Kaam, takribani [[kilomita]] 22 magharibi mwa mji wa Zliten katika Wilaya ya Misrata nchini [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water profile of Libya|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya|work=www.eoearth.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1979, na lengo lake kuu ni kuhifadhi na kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao.<ref>...' 1576283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Wadi Kaam''' ni bwawa la udongo na mawe lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Kaam, takribani [[kilomita]] 22 magharibi mwa mji wa Zliten katika Wilaya ya Misrata nchini [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water profile of Libya|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya|work=www.eoearth.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1979, na lengo lake kuu ni kuhifadhi na kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/databases/dams/|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> Bwawa la Wadi Kaam lilibuniwa na kujengwa na kampuni ya '''Energoprojekt Hidroinženjering,''' ambayo ilikuwa tanzu ya kampuni ya [[uhandisi]] ya Yugoslavia '''Energoprojekt''', chini ya usimamizi wa [[mhandisi]] mkuu Stojan J. Čanović. Bwawa hili lina mchango muhimu katika maendeleo ya kilimo katika eneo la Misrata kwa kusaidia upatikanaji wa [[maji]] ya umwagiliaji katika [[mazingira]] yenye kiwango kidogo cha mvua. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]] [[Jamii:Maji]] bhwixkt74w38358w68j0jgsiqz90h2q 0 241425 1576284 2026-06-23T19:28:44Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Wadi Ghan''' ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa [[mawe]] lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Al-Hira, takribani [[kilomita]] 14 kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[mji]] wa Gharyan katika Wilaya ya Jabal al Gharbi nchini [[Libya]]. Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1982, na lengo lake kuu ni kuhifadhi na kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao. Bwawa la Wadi Ghan lina jukumu muhimu katika kusaidia shughuli za [[kilimo]] katika eneo hilo kwa kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa...' 1576284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Wadi Ghan''' ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa [[mawe]] lililojengwa kwenye Wadi Al-Hira, takribani [[kilomita]] 14 kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[mji]] wa Gharyan katika Wilaya ya Jabal al Gharbi nchini [[Libya]]. Bwawa hili lilikamilishwa mwaka 1982, na lengo lake kuu ni kuhifadhi na kusambaza maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji wa mazao. Bwawa la Wadi Ghan lina jukumu muhimu katika kusaidia shughuli za [[kilimo]] katika eneo hilo kwa kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji ya [[umwagiliaji]], hasa katika mazingira ya Libya ambayo yanakabiliwa na ukame na upungufu wa [[mvua]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Continental Construction Corp. Ltd. : Core business : Wadi Ghan Dam, Libya|url=http://www.cccorpn.com/wadi-ghan-dam.htm|work=www.cccorpn.com|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/databases/dams/|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2026-06-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]] [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] pk0pdw8d5gvslu8ucv7ritjaus8ideg 0 241426 1576305 2026-06-24T03:40:25Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Von Bach''' (awali likijulikana kama '''Bwawa la Sartorius von Bach''') ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa mawe lililojengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Swakop karibu na mji wa Okahandja katika Mkoa wa Otjozondjupa nchini [[Namibia]]. Ujenzi wa bwawa hili ulikamilika mwaka 1968 na lilianza kutumika rasmi mwaka 1970. Bwawa la Von Bach ni mojawapo ya vyanzo vikuu vya maji kwa mji mkuu wa Namibia, <ref>{{Citation|title=- The Namibian|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/5138...' 1576305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Von Bach''' (awali likijulikana kama '''Bwawa la Sartorius von Bach''') ni bwawa la kujazwa kwa mawe lililojengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Swakop karibu na mji wa Okahandja katika Mkoa wa Otjozondjupa nchini [[Namibia]]. Ujenzi wa bwawa hili ulikamilika mwaka 1968 na lilianza kutumika rasmi mwaka 1970. Bwawa la Von Bach ni mojawapo ya vyanzo vikuu vya maji kwa mji mkuu wa Namibia, <ref>{{Citation|title=- The Namibian|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/51389/read/NamWater-opens-Hardap-Dam-sluices|work=The Namibian|language=en|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref>Windhoek, na pia husambaza maji kwa mji wa Okahandja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sartorius von Bach Dam|url=http://www.namwater.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=68|work=www.namwater.com.na|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-gb|author=Administrator}}</ref> Bwawa hili lina uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji kiasi cha mita za ujazo [[milioni]] 48.56. Maji kutoka kwenye hifadhi ya bwawa husafirishwa moja kwa moja hadi kwenye kituo cha kutibu maji kilichopo chini ya mkondo wa mto. Kituo hicho kilikamilishwa mwaka 1971 na baadaye kuboreshwa mwaka 1997 ili kuongeza ufanisi wa [[usambazaji]] wa maji. Bwawa la Von Bach ni sehemu muhimu ya mfumo wa usambazaji wa maji nchini Namibia, likichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa upatikanaji wa maji safi kwa wakazi wa [[Windhoek]] na maeneo ya jirani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NamWater|url=http://www.namwater.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104|work=www.namwater.com.na|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-gb|author=Super User}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Namibia}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Namibia]] 7h2soodbrgyrnylvk0pwzozsvp4reo4 0 241427 1576306 2026-06-24T03:44:23Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Thuli–Manyange''' (Elliot) ni bwawa lililopendekezwa kujengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Thuli, kusini mwa Gwanda nchini [[Zimbabwe]], likiwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi [[maji]] kiasi cha mita za ujazo [[milioni]] 33. Limeundwa kufanya [[kazi]] kwa ushirikiano na Bwawa la Thuli–Moswa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thuli-Manyange Dam completion to miss target|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/16021/thuli-manyange-dam-completion-to-miss-target|work=News...' 1576306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Thuli–Manyange''' (Elliot) ni bwawa lililopendekezwa kujengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Thuli, kusini mwa Gwanda nchini [[Zimbabwe]], likiwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi [[maji]] kiasi cha mita za ujazo [[milioni]] 33. Limeundwa kufanya [[kazi]] kwa ushirikiano na Bwawa la Thuli–Moswa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thuli-Manyange Dam completion to miss target|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/16021/thuli-manyange-dam-completion-to-miss-target|work=NewsDay|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=The NewsDay}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Zimbabwe}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Maji]] tk9gs158b3nmh0tdzkmcgdih0m41r9m 0 241428 1576307 2026-06-24T03:47:45Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Thuli–Moswa''' ni jina la bwawa la hifadhi ya [[maji]] lililopendekezwa kujengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Thuli, kusini mwa mji wa Gwanda nchini [[Zimbabwe]]. Bwawa hili linatarajiwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji kiasi cha [[M|mita]] za ujazo [[milioni]] 419.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thuli Moswa Dam - definition - Encyclo|url=https://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-Thuli__Moswa_Dam|work=www.encyclo.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == <refere...' 1576307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Thuli–Moswa''' ni jina la bwawa la hifadhi ya [[maji]] lililopendekezwa kujengwa kwenye [[Mto]] Thuli, kusini mwa mji wa Gwanda nchini [[Zimbabwe]]. Bwawa hili linatarajiwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji kiasi cha [[M|mita]] za ujazo [[milioni]] 419.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thuli Moswa Dam - definition - Encyclo|url=https://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-Thuli__Moswa_Dam|work=www.encyclo.co.uk|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Zimbabwe}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Maji]] qs70iiqnkyhfqml5e68tndpxlvc2cwy 0 241429 1576308 2026-06-24T03:54:12Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Thuli-Makwe Dam.jpg|thumb|Bwawa la Thuli-Makwe]] '''Bwawa la Thuli–Makwe''' ni bwawa la hifadhi ya [[maji]] lililopo kwenye Mto Thuli, magharibi mwa mji wa Gwanda, kusini-magharibi mwa [[Zimbabwe]]. [[Bwawa]] hili lina uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji kiasi cha [[mita]] za ujazo [[milioni]] 8.3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mupfiga |first=Elvis Tawanda |last2=Munkwakwata |first2=Richard |last3=Mudereri |first3=Bester |last4=Nyatondo |first4=Upenyu Naume |date...' 1576308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Thuli-Makwe Dam.jpg|thumb|Bwawa la Thuli-Makwe]] '''Bwawa la Thuli–Makwe''' ni bwawa la hifadhi ya [[maji]] lililopo kwenye Mto Thuli, magharibi mwa mji wa Gwanda, kusini-magharibi mwa [[Zimbabwe]]. [[Bwawa]] hili lina uwezo wa kuhifadhi maji kiasi cha [[mita]] za ujazo [[milioni]] 8.3.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mupfiga |first=Elvis Tawanda |last2=Munkwakwata |first2=Richard |last3=Mudereri |first3=Bester |last4=Nyatondo |first4=Upenyu Naume |date=2016-12-31 |title=Assessment of sedimentation in Tuli Makwe Dam using remotely sensed data |url=http://academicjournals.org/journal/JSSEM/article-abstract/3C97CCC61822 |journal=Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=230–238 |doi=10.5897/JSSEM2016.0563 |issn=2141-2391}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Zimbabwe}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Maji]] 9260twusgjzlx6b46vbn0ej4lysa98h 0 241430 1576310 2026-06-24T04:00:43Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bwawa la Ndakaini''' ni bwawa la udongo lenye urefu wa [[mita]] 63 na urefu wa taji (crest) wa mita 458, lililojengwa kwenye Mto Thika karibu na mji mdogo wa Ndakaini, takribani kilomita 50 kaskazini mwa Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thika Dam|url=http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/we_3.htm|work=www.howardhumphreys.com|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company Limited - Improving Reli...' 1576310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwawa la Ndakaini''' ni bwawa la udongo lenye urefu wa [[mita]] 63 na urefu wa taji (crest) wa mita 458, lililojengwa kwenye Mto Thika karibu na mji mdogo wa Ndakaini, takribani kilomita 50 kaskazini mwa Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thika Dam|url=http://www.howardhumphreys.com/project_pages/we_3.htm|work=www.howardhumphreys.com|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company Limited - Improving Reliability|url=http://www.nairobiwater.co.ke:80/water_quality/?ContentID=8|work=www.nairobiwater.co.ke|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> Hifadhi ya maji ya bwawa hili ina uwezo wa kuhifadhi mita za ujazo milioni 70 za maji na hutumika kwa [[usambazaji]] wa maji ya kunywa. Maji kutoka bwawani hutibiwa katika Kituo cha Kusafisha Maji cha Ngethu kabla ya kusambazwa kwa watumiaji. Bwawa la Ndakaini limeongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa uhakika wa upatikanaji wa maji katika jiji la [[Nairobi]], ambalo lilikuwa likikabiliwa na upungufu wa maji wakati wa misimu ya ukame kabla ya kukamilika kwa ujenzi wa bwawa mwaka 1994. Mradi wa ujenzi wa bwawa hili ulifadhiliwa na Benki ya Maendeleo ya Afrika, [[Benki ya Dunia]], Benki ya Uwekezaji ya Ulaya pamoja na Serikali ya Kenya.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1999-12-01 |title=The problems of project implementation:: a post-mortem study of Thika Dam project, Kenya |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397599000211 |journal=Habitat International |language=en-US |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=467–479 |doi=10.1016/S0197-3975(99)00021-1 |issn=0197-3975}}</ref> Ujenzi wa bwawa ulicheleweshwa kutokana na changamoto za upatikanaji wa ardhi, jambo lililosababisha ongezeko la gharama za mradi. Wakati wa [[ujenzi]], muundo wa bwawa ulifanyiwa marekebisho ili uweze kuhimili mafuriko makubwa yanayoweza kutokea mara moja katika kipindi cha miaka 10,000 na kuimarisha usalama wake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maji]] i6x7bclndi4yknuqn1sbq4nkymy7wco 3 241431 1576336 2026-06-24T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576336 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) rxuin7zya2rddocmfqx8x9ymf0cd7ca 3 241432 1576337 2026-06-24T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576337 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) rxuin7zya2rddocmfqx8x9ymf0cd7ca 3 241433 1576338 2026-06-24T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576338 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) rxuin7zya2rddocmfqx8x9ymf0cd7ca 3 241434 1576339 2026-06-24T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576339 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) rxuin7zya2rddocmfqx8x9ymf0cd7ca 3 241435 1576340 2026-06-24T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576340 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) rxuin7zya2rddocmfqx8x9ymf0cd7ca 3 241436 1576341 2026-06-24T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576341 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241437 1576342 2026-06-24T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576342 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241438 1576343 2026-06-24T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576343 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241439 1576344 2026-06-24T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576344 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241440 1576345 2026-06-24T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576345 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241441 1576346 2026-06-24T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576346 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 3rxjf9lis628tv0xuzlm2jezo895lql 3 241442 1576347 2026-06-24T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576347 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 6xkgyskrknbpn1ck7zuyvmnltwq8yor 3 241443 1576348 2026-06-24T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576348 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 6xkgyskrknbpn1ck7zuyvmnltwq8yor 3 241444 1576349 2026-06-24T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1576349 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 24 Juni 2026 (UTC) 6xkgyskrknbpn1ck7zuyvmnltwq8yor 0 241445 1576350 2026-06-24T11:30:45Z Esther NEZA 78788 Created by translating the page "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/190726948|Boue de curage]]" 1576350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dredge_cropped.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Pamoja na kuongezeka kwa uchafuzi na ukubwa wa majahazi, mara nyingine shughuli za uchimbaji husababisha kutokea kwa tope ambalo hulazimika kuondolewa au kutibiwa.]] [[Faili:Dredge0002.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Endapo kuna tuhuma za uchafuzi, uchunguzi na ufuatiliaji wa tope unapaswa kufanywa kwa njia ya utaratibu na ya mara kwa mara.]] [[Faili:Dépôt_transit_sédiment_Wambrechies_2022c.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ujenzi wa eneo lililofungwa kwa ajili ya kuhifadhi kwa muda mchanga uliotolewa kutoka kwenye mfereji wa Deûle, kwa ajili ya Voies navigables de France (VNF), huko Wambrechies, chini ya mto wa Lille (Februari 2022).]] [[Faili:Pont_escaut.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Katika maeneo ya vita, tope linalochimbwa linaweza kuwa na mabaki ya mabomu ambayo hayajalipuka na yenye sumu.]] Kuchimba tope ni matokeo ya matengenezo ya mifereji au ya mito na bandari. Baada ya kuchimbwa, iwe kwa kuchimba au kwa kufyonza, tope hilo kwa kawaida huwekwa katika mabwawa ya kutulia ambapo hukauka taratibu. Wakati mwingine pia hutupwa baharini linapotoka kwenye mito au maeneo ya pwani, bila athari kubwa za kimazingira. Neno “matope ya mifereji ya maji taka” linaweza pia kumaanisha uchafu unaotokana na usafishaji wa mifereji ya maji taka au matangi ya maji taka. Kwa ujumla, aina hii ya tope huwa na uchafuzi mkubwa zaidi na hubeba hatari kubwa ya maambukizi ya vijidudu. == Matatizo ya mazingira ya uchafuzi wa udongo == Tope la kuchimba<ref>{{Lien web|titre=boues de dragage|url=http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=18955401|site=gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca|consulté le=2021-01-10}}</ref> (kwa Kiingereza: dredgings ) hapo awali lilikuwa likitumiwa kama mbolea ya ubora wa juu (kama vile tope lenye rutuba la Mto Nile). Kwa kawaida hutokana na nyenzo zilizochafuliwa na mashapo yanayotokana na mmomonyoko wa udongo, lakini leo, hasa katika sehemu za chini ya mito na katika maeneo ya vijijini, pia huwa na virutubisho vingi (vya asili au vinavyotokana na kilimo), pamoja na viuatilifu na aina nyingine za uchafuzi unaotokana na mchujuko wa hewa na mvua, uchujaji kupitia udongo, na matibabu duni ya maji ya majumbani au ya viwandani. Mchakato wa kuchimba mara nyingi hukamata vichafuzi visivyooza na visivyoharibika (kama metali nzito na radionuklidi) au vichafuzi vinavyoendelea kwa muda mrefu ndani ya matope haya. Pia yanaweza kuwa na vijidudu vamizi au viumbe hai. Baadhi ya vijidudu (bakteria) vinaweza kubadilisha metali nzito na kuzifanya kuwa na sumu zaidi, zinazohama kwa urahisi na zinazopatikana kibiolojia, kwa mfano kwa kuzitia methyl (mfano: methilmerkuri). Mara yanapotawanywa kwenye udongo au kurundikwa, matope haya yanaweza kuunda udongo mpya wenye sumu (neosoli au anthroposoli)<ref>van der Lee J, Raepsaet C & Gallien JP (2010) ''[http://afes.fr/afes/egs/EGS_17_3_EGS_17_3_4_web_Bataillard.pdf Mobilité des éléments-traces dans un anthroposol développé sur des sédiments de curage fortement contaminés]'' ; Étude et gestion des sols, Volume17, 3-4 - pages 239 à 254, PDF, 16 pages.</ref>. . '''Matokeo ya vita:''' Katika maeneo ambayo yamepata vita moja au zaidi, hasa katika “eneo jekundu” la Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, mifereji ilikuwa miongoni mwa malengo makuu ya wapiganaji, hususan maeneo ya madaraja (barabara au reli), milango ya mito, bandari za mito, maeneo ya viwanda au ya kijeshi, pamoja na vituo vya maji. Hii inaeleza kwa nini kiasi kikubwa cha silaha zilizozama au ambazo hazikulipuka bado hupatikana katika maeneo hayo (wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, katika mazingira yenye unyevunyevu na matope, hadi makombora 8 kati ya 10 hayakulipuka, lakini yaliweza kuzama na kufukiwa ndani ya mashapo). Baada ya muda, silaha hizi zinaweza kuvuja na kutoa vitu vyake vyenye sumu. == Vidokezo na marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Tazama pia == === Makala zinazohusiana === * Kuchimba visima * Takataka za maji taka * Kuchimba visima * Neosoli === Viungo vya nje === * [http://www.ospar.org/v_publications/download.asp?v1=p00277 Ripoti ya OSPAR 2004 kuhusu utupaji wa taka baharini, ikiwa ni pamoja na tope la kuchimba] (ripoti inapatikana kwa kupakuliwa) {{Lango|maritime|Assainissement|4=environnement}} [[Jamii:Usafi]] [[Jamii:Maji]] 82ep80wikt4axhq3pqp6of6byebp0hj 1576351 1576350 2026-06-24T11:32:47Z Esther NEZA 78788 mabadilisho madogo 1576351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dredge_cropped.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Pamoja na kuongezeka kwa uchafuzi na ukubwa wa majahazi, mara nyingine shughuli za uchimbaji husababisha kutokea kwa tope ambalo hulazimika kuondolewa au kutibiwa.]] [[Faili:Dredge0002.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Endapo kuna tuhuma za uchafuzi, uchunguzi na ufuatiliaji wa tope unapaswa kufanywa kwa njia ya utaratibu na ya mara kwa mara.]] [[Faili:Dépôt_transit_sédiment_Wambrechies_2022c.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ujenzi wa eneo lililofungwa kwa ajili ya kuhifadhi kwa muda mchanga uliotolewa kutoka kwenye mfereji wa Deûle, kwa ajili ya Voies navigables de France (VNF), huko Wambrechies, chini ya mto wa Lille (Februari 2022).]] [[Faili:Pont_escaut.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Katika maeneo ya vita, tope linalochimbwa linaweza kuwa na mabaki ya mabomu ambayo hayajalipuka na yenye sumu.]] Kuchimba tope ni matokeo ya matengenezo ya mifereji au ya mito na bandari. Baada ya kuchimbwa, iwe kwa kuchimba au kwa kufyonza, tope hilo kwa kawaida huwekwa katika mabwawa ya kutulia ambapo hukauka taratibu. Wakati mwingine pia hutupwa baharini linapotoka kwenye mito au maeneo ya pwani, bila athari kubwa za kimazingira. Neno “matope ya mifereji ya maji taka” linaweza pia kumaanisha uchafu unaotokana na usafishaji wa mifereji ya maji taka au matangi ya maji taka. Kwa ujumla, aina hii ya tope huwa na uchafuzi mkubwa zaidi na hubeba hatari kubwa ya maambukizi ya vijidudu. == Matatizo ya mazingira ya uchafuzi wa udongo == Tope la kuchimba<ref>{{Lien web|titre=boues de dragage|url=http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=18955401|site=gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca|consulté le=2021-01-10}}</ref> (kwa Kiingereza: dredgings ) hapo awali lilikuwa likitumiwa kama mbolea ya ubora wa juu (kama vile tope lenye rutuba la Mto Nile). Kwa kawaida hutokana na nyenzo zilizochafuliwa na mashapo yanayotokana na mmomonyoko wa udongo, lakini leo, hasa katika sehemu za chini ya mito na katika maeneo ya vijijini, pia huwa na virutubisho vingi (vya asili au vinavyotokana na kilimo), pamoja na viuatilifu na aina nyingine za uchafuzi unaotokana na mchujuko wa hewa na mvua, uchujaji kupitia udongo, na matibabu duni ya maji ya majumbani au ya viwandani. Mchakato wa kuchimba mara nyingi hukamata vichafuzi visivyooza na visivyoharibika (kama metali nzito na radionuklidi) au vichafuzi vinavyoendelea kwa muda mrefu ndani ya matope haya. Pia yanaweza kuwa na vijidudu vamizi au viumbe hai. Baadhi ya vijidudu (bakteria) vinaweza kubadilisha metali nzito na kuzifanya kuwa na sumu zaidi, zinazohama kwa urahisi na zinazopatikana kibiolojia, kwa mfano kwa kuzitia methyl (mfano: methilmerkuri). Mara yanapotawanywa kwenye udongo au kurundikwa, matope haya yanaweza kuunda udongo mpya wenye sumu (neosoli au anthroposoli)<ref>van der Lee J, Raepsaet C & Gallien JP (2010) ''[http://afes.fr/afes/egs/EGS_17_3_EGS_17_3_4_web_Bataillard.pdf Mobilité des éléments-traces dans un anthroposol développé sur des sédiments de curage fortement contaminés]'' ; Étude et gestion des sols, Volume17, 3-4 - pages 239 à 254, PDF, 16 pages.</ref>. . '''Matokeo ya vita:''' Katika maeneo ambayo yamepata vita moja au zaidi, hasa katika “eneo jekundu” la Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, mifereji ilikuwa miongoni mwa malengo makuu ya wapiganaji, hususan maeneo ya madaraja (barabara au reli), milango ya mito, bandari za mito, maeneo ya viwanda au ya kijeshi, pamoja na vituo vya maji. Hii inaeleza kwa nini kiasi kikubwa cha silaha zilizozama au ambazo hazikulipuka bado hupatikana katika maeneo hayo (wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, katika mazingira yenye unyevunyevu na matope, hadi makombora 8 kati ya 10 hayakulipuka, lakini yaliweza kuzama na kufukiwa ndani ya mashapo). Baada ya muda, silaha hizi zinaweza kuvuja na kutoa vitu vyake vyenye sumu. == Vidokezo na marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Tazama pia == === Makala zinazohusiana === * Kuchimba visima * Takataka za maji taka * Kuchimba visima * Neosoli === Viungo vya nje === * [http://www.ospar.org/v_publications/download.asp?v1=p00277 Ripoti ya OSPAR 2004 kuhusu utupaji wa taka baharini, ikiwa ni pamoja na tope la kuchimba] (ripoti inapatikana kwa kupakuliwa) [[Jamii:Usafi]] [[Jamii:Maji]] sjdn2mvqffzquuzaiiqdr673cg6qo13